James Buchanan
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A Pennsylvanian, he was nonetheless pro-southern, and his candidacy for the presidency in 1856 contributed to the breakdown of the existing national parties into sectional entities. Elected with strong southern support, Buchanan could not defuse the growing crisis over slavery in the territories, especially in \u00e2\u0080\u009cBleeding\u00e2\u0080\u009d Kansas, as he took an overly legalistic approach to a problem that had inflamed the populace. At its 1860 convention, the Democratic Party broke into northern and southern wings on the slavery question, with Stephen Douglas defeating Buchanan for the nomination. During the secession winter following Abraham Lincoln\u00e2\u0080\u0099s election, Buchanan dithered as both sections prepared for war."}], "creditLine": [{"label": "Credit Line", "content": "National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; transfer from the Smithsonian Institution Libraries; gift of Roger F. Shultis, 1986"}], "name": [{"label": "Artist", "content": "McClees & Vannerson, active 1857 - 1860"}, {"label": "Artist", "content": "James Earle McClees, 1821 - 1887"}, {"label": "Artist", "content": "Julian Vannerson, c. 1827 - 1875"}, {"label": "Sitter", "content": "James Buchanan, 21 Apr 1791 - 1 Jun 1868"}], "topic": [{"label": "Topic", "content": "Interior"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "Costume\\Dress Accessory\\Tie\\Bowtie"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Male"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Law and Law Enforcement\\Lawyer"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Politics and Government\\Presidential Candidate"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Politics and Government\\US Congressman\\Pennsylvania"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Politics and Government\\President of US"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Politics and Government\\Cabinet member\\Secretary of State"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Politics and Government\\Diplomat\\Minister"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "James Buchanan: Politics and Government\\State Legislator\\Pennsylvania"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "Portrait"}], "place": [{"label": "Place", "content": "United States\\District of Columbia\\Washington"}], "physicalDescription": [{"label": "Medium", "content": "Salted paper print"}, {"label": "Dimensions", "content": "Image/Sheet (oval): 18.8 \u00c3\u0097 13.5 cm (7 3/8 \u00c3\u0097 5 5/16\")"}, {"label": "Dimensions", "content": "Mount: 29.1 \u00c3\u0097 22.9 cm (11 7/16 \u00c3\u0097 9\")"}, {"label": "Dimensions", "content": "Mat: 45.7 \u00c3\u0097 35.6 cm (18 \u00c3\u0097 14\")"}], "dataSource": [{"label": "Data Source", "content": "National Portrait Gallery"}], "objectRights": [{"label": "Restrictions & Rights", "content": "CC0"}], "objectType": [{"label": "Type", "content": "Photograph"}]}}, "url": "edanmdm:npg_NPG.87.42.1", "hash": "05ce19028d822b50a7136709d9665ff57d0bbc2c", "docSignature": "d03bb8bd58e09c01f3d234f979e8a9a7", "timestamp": 1666256170, "lastTimeUpdated": 1666256129, "title": "James Buchanan"}