John C. Calhoun
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CALHOUN", "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm42f7725a6-9d61-4459-8b2f-11df80863b21", "record_link": "https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.72.53", "title": {"label": "Title", "content": "John C. Calhoun"}, "metadata_usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "data_source": "National Portrait Gallery"}, "indexedStructured": {"date": ["1850s"], "object_type": ["Prints"], "geoLocation": [{"L1": {"type": "Continent", "content": "North America"}, "L2": {"type": "Country", "content": "United States"}}, {"L1": {"type": "Continent", "content": "North America"}, "L2": {"type": "Country", "content": "United States"}}, {"L1": {"type": "Continent", "content": "North America"}, "L2": {"type": "Country", "content": "United States"}}], "name": ["D'Avignon, Francis", "Calhoun, John Caldwell", "Brady, Mathew B."], "topic": ["Legislators", "Cabinet member", "Congressmen", "Government", "Dress accessories", "Portraits", "Lawyers", "Philosopher", "Secretary of State", "Secretary of War", "Law and Law Enforcement", "Bowtie", "Costume", "Men", "Neckties", "Senators", "Politics", "Education and Scholarship", "Vice-Presidents"], "place": ["United States", "South Carolina"], "online_media_type": ["Images"]}, "freetext": {"setName": [{"label": "See more items in", "content": "National Portrait Gallery Collection"}], "date": [{"label": "Date", "content": "1850"}], "identifier": [{"label": "Object number", "content": "NPG.72.53"}], "notes": [{"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "This lithograph was part of a series published by Charles Lester titled the Gallery of Illustrious Americans. Containing twenty-four lithographs based on photographs by Mathew Brady, the series was sold via subscription. The subjects were all men of note, such as President Zachary Taylor and other leading politicians, including the fire-eating South Carolinian John C. Calhoun. Calhoun\u00e2\u0080\u0099s career had traversed the spectrum of antebellum American politics, from his fervent nationalism during the War of 1812 to his full-throated advocacy of nullification and states\u00e2\u0080\u0099 rights in the 1830s and 1840s. By 1849 he was laying the theoretical and political justification for southern secession over what he called the conspiracy to abolish slavery. He died during the negotiations over the Compromise of 1850, in which he held the position that there could be no interference in southern institutions."}, {"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "Mathew Brady made the original photograph in 1848\u00e2\u0080\u009349, but Calhoun had probably passed away before this lithograph was made."}], "creditLine": [{"label": "Credit Line", "content": "National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution"}], "name": [{"label": "Artist", "content": "Francis D'Avignon, 29 Oct 1813 - c. 1871"}, {"label": "Copy after", "content": "Mathew B. Brady, 1823? - 15 Jan 1896"}, {"label": "Sitter", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun, 18 Mar 1782 - 31 Mar 1850"}], "topic": [{"label": "Topic", "content": "Costume\\Dress Accessory\\Tie\\Bowtie"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Male"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Law and Law Enforcement\\Lawyer"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\Vice-President of US"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\Cabinet member\\Secretary of War"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Education and Scholarship\\Scholar\\Philosopher"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\Cabinet member\\Secretary of State"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\US Congressman\\South Carolina"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\US Senator\\South Carolina"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "Portrait"}], "title": [{"label": "Alternate Title", "content": "Gallery of Illustrious Americans"}], "physicalDescription": [{"label": "Medium", "content": "Lithograph on paper"}, {"label": "Dimensions", "content": "Sheet: 56.7 x 40.6cm (22 5/16 x 16\")"}], "dataSource": [{"label": "Data Source", "content": "National Portrait Gallery"}], "objectRights": [{"label": "Restrictions & Rights", "content": "CC0"}], "objectType": [{"label": "Type", "content": "Print"}]}}, "url": "edanmdm:npg_NPG.72.53", "hash": "aefe45b8d93220febf40872377f36b91fee4e2f6", "docSignature": "6d03bf76a6a7d9a06047a60682489f04", "timestamp": 1666256170, "lastTimeUpdated": 1666256111, "title": "John C. 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