Is the size of the solar system truly unimaginable?
Or can we scale the vastness down to comprehensive measures and understand it better?
The vastness of the solar system has awed even the most brilliant minds in scientific history. What is the true size of the solar system, that enthralls us with every discovery, after all? TrueSizeOf app from Mapulator realizes the possibility of scaling the solar system by equating the elements to sizes that we can relate to. The vastness of the astronomical world can be interestingly scaled down to relatable sizes against the backdrop of a map and understood well on TrueSizeOf.
Why bother about the true size of the solar system?
Remember that viral video that started with the earth’s moon and sequenced up to the largest star known to man so far with an underlying idea that we are all but a tiny speck in the vast, wide universe? The scaling of the solar system to understand its unimaginable size is evidently a fascinating process that a lot of astronomy enthusiasts attempt to do. The internet is full of content that compares planets and stars to everyday items and demonstrate their size and distance from one another. TrueSizeOf from Mapulator is our access to scaling the solar system ourselves and obtaining a subjective idea of how big the solar system is. How far is the moon from earth? How much bigger than our planet is Jupiter really? And how far is Pluto’s orbit from that of earth’s? Questions of the kind pertaining to the vastness of the solar system naturally occur to us at sight of the night sky or the occasional sighting of a planet, seemingly right beside our moon. But how close to each other are they really? And to the ones amazed by the astronomical possibilities as such, TrueSizeOf is an addictive portal that allows endless exploration and indulgence.
Understanding the solar system and humankind’s progressive assignation with it has long since been associated with people of Science. That does not rule out the importance of layman’s curiosities with it. Simplifying the technicalities of scaling the solar system and making the process of understanding it a handy activity is what TrueSizeOf does. It is confidently a value addition to the tools that internet provides for the astronomically curious minds to grow more insightful. It is self explanatory, easy to use and aesthetically constructed for a full experience.
The central identity
How do we understand the solar system after all? The true size of the solar system and the planets and stars in it are best understood from the reference point of the sun. TrueSizeOf adapts the same idea and centers the data on the sun, scaled down to a size that you can choose, and presents a comprehensive, illustrated yardstick to perceive the scale of every other element in the solar system. The size of the sun is a variable on the tool, allowing you to experiment with the scale and view the cosmic elements in different yardsticks. You can analyse sizes of planets, their distances from each other and compare celestials to obtain perspectives of their sizes in contrast to one another. Interestingly, it all happens over the backdrop of a map, so you know the ratio of the units of distance involved. And the size of the sun can be used as a variable to understand other planets and stars.
Mapulator basically deals with the concepts of distance and land area. TrueSizeOf is an innovation that expands to the entire solar system and makes the understanding of its scale a fun and easily comprehensible activity. Astronomy has and will continue to indulge brilliant minds, and decoding the scale of the solar system in a fun manner with TrueSizeOf is something that all enthusiasts can get on board with.


Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering (Stochastic Modelling and Applied Probability) (v. 53) by Paul Glasserman Springer; 2003 edition | August 7, 2003 | English | ISBN: 0387004513 | 614 pages | PDF | 13 MB
From the reviews: "Paul Glasserman has written an astonishingly good book that bridges financial engineering and the Monte Carlo method. The book will appeal to graduate students, researchers, and most of all, practicing financial engineers [...] So often, financial engineering texts are very theoretical. This book is not." --Glyn Holton, Contingency Analysis
The Origin and Evolution of the Solar System (Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics) by Michael M. Woolfson CRC Press; 1 edition | January 1, 2000 | English | ISBN: 075030457X | 462 pages | PDF | 5 MB
The origin of the solar system has been a matter of speculation for many centuries, and since the time of Newton it has been possible to apply scientific principles to the problem. A succession of theories, starting with that of Pierre Laplace in 1796, has gained general acceptance, only to fall from favor due to its contradiction in some basic scientific principle or new heavenly observation.


Xiaoyong Chu wird für sein Paper Velocity Dependence from Resonant Self-Interacting Dark Matter, veröffentlicht in PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 122, 071103 (2019) ausgezeichnet.
The gravitational evidence for dark matter is well established, and deciphering its microphysical properties is one of the most actively pursued goals in fundamental physics. Despite an overwhelming positive body of evidence, cosmological measurements suggest that there exists an unexpected mass deficit in small dark matter halos that host dwarf and low-surface-brightness galaxies. This is not expected in any simple models of dark matter, but may rather indicate that dark matter is substantially self-interacting. On the other side, however, no such mass deficit is observed in much larger halos that host clusters of galaxies, putting a principal limit on the strength of such self-interaction, which is tighter than what is required for the small haloes.
Xiaoyong Chu and his collaborators solved this conundrum by proposing that the dark matter self-interaction strongly depends on velocity, through the presence of a resonance. Using a model-independent approach, they show that resonant self-interacting dark matter can naturally explain the observational data. Dark matter particles in small haloes generally have low, yet special velocities that make two-body collisions resonant, so that the corresponding cross section is significantly enhanced as compared to the cross section found in clusters of galaxies. This is a novel solution to the mass deficit problem, and thus opens up a new avenue for self-interacting dark matter model-building. At last, astrophysical observations with higher precision will be able to test this solution in the future.
Xiaoyong Chu war von 2005-2007 Forschungsassistent an der University of Science and Technology of China. Das Masterstudium im Fach Allgemeine Physik hat er 2009 an der Chalmers University of Technology, Schweden, abgeschlossen; 2013 dissertierte er im Fach Theoretische Physik an der Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgien. Von 2013-2016 hatte Xiaoyong Chu eine Postdoc-Stelle am International Center for Theoretical Physics in Triest; seit 2016 ist Xiaoyong Chu Postdoc am Institut für Hochenergiephysik der ÖAW.


Some cosmologists propose that the universe repeats a perpetual cycle of expansion and contraction with no beginning or end. Physicists in Buffalo NY found evidence that casts doubt on at least part of that theory.
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3 edition of rotation of the galaxy found in the catalog.
rotation of the galaxy
Eddington, Arthur Stanley Sir
|Statement||by A.S. Eddington ...|
|LC Classifications||QB819 .E4|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||30 p., 1 .|
|Number of Pages||30|
|LC Control Number||31017735|
The rotation curve of a disc galaxy (also called a velocity curve) is a plot of the orbital speeds of visible stars or gas in that galaxy versus their radial distance from that galaxy's centre. It is typically rendered graphically as a plot, and the data observed from each side of a spiral galaxy are generally asymmetric, so that data from each. BLUE CURVE: The rotation curve of the Milky Way shows the orbital speeds of stars and gas around the Galaxy to a distance of 60, light-years from the galactic center. From the Sun's orbital velocity we can, using Kepler's Law, estimate the Galaxy's mass inside the Sun's orbit. Result: About × M.
See Why isn't the center of the galaxy "younger" than the outer parts? and Galactic Rotation Speeds - Ehrenfest Paradox, Gravitational time dilation, Dark Matter - all of the above?. The time dilation effects are tiny and far too small to explain the observed rotation curves. Galaxy, any of the systems of stars and interstellar matter that make up the universe. Many such assemblages are so enormous that they contain hundreds of billions of stars. Virtually all galaxies appear to have been formed soon after the universe began, and they pervade all space that is viewable by modern telescopes.
the galaxy are rotating around the center of the galaxy with a rotational speed called the rotation velocity. The Doppler shift velocity is a combination of both the recession velocity and the rotation velocity. We need to separate these two velocities. In Figure 1 is the Hubble Space Telescope image of the spiral galaxy M Galaxy - Galaxy - Evolution of galaxies and quasars: The study of the origin and evolution of galaxies and the quasar phenomenon has only just begun. Many models of galaxy formation and evolution have been constructed on the basis of what we know about conditions in the early universe, which is in turn based on models of the expansion of the universe after the big bang (the primordial.
sins of the mothers
Climb (Take Ten Books)
An urban based study of labour supply and demand, and public opinion, covering the media, tourism and hospitality sectors
Genetics and learning disabilities
factory king: the life and labours of Richard Oastler.
poll for two members to serve in Parliament, for...Norwich, taken on the 29th day of March, 1860.
A Bill Making an Appropriation for Opening and Cutting Out a Road Therein Described
Caṇḍamahāroṣaṇa Tantra, chapters I-VIII.
THE ROTATION OF THE GALAXY Paperback – January 1, by A.S. Eddington (Author) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Price New from Used from Paperback "Please retry" $ — $ Author: A.S. Eddington. (From left) Dongseok Lee, Haesung Park, Hoyoung Seoc and WonJoon Shin, the designers and product planners of the Galaxy Book series.
From the Galaxy Book Flex, featuring the first QLED display with a degree hinge, to the Galaxy Book Ion’s multifaceted coloration and the Galaxy Book S’s network connection support even without Wi-Fi, the Galaxy Book Series is equipped with a range of.
Powered by Windows 10 and a 7th Gen Intel® Core™ i5 Processor, the Samsung Galaxy Book is the ultimate productivity machine, featuring Samsung Flow, which seamlessly connects your 2-in-1 to your Samsung Galaxy smartphone. Get the full power of a laptop in a thin, lightweight design.4/5(47).
As you can probably guess, we even have galaxy rotation with our Milky Way galaxy. Our galaxy is rotating incredibly slowly, however.
It takes the Sun million years to. The dashed line labeled A is the predicted rotation curve displaying Keplerian rotation. What the rotation curve B tells us is that our model of the Milky Way so far is missing something.
In order for objects far from the rotation of the galaxy book of the Galaxy to be moving faster than predicted, there must be significant additional mass far from the Galactic. The rotation curve of a disc galaxy (also called a velocity curve) is a plot of the orbital speeds of visible stars or gas in that galaxy versus their radial distance from that galaxy's centre.
It is typically rendered graphically as a plot, and the data observed from each side of a spiral galaxy are generally asymmetric, so that data from each side are averaged to create the curve.
adshelp[at] The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX16AC86A. Turn Screen Rotation On / Off - Samsung Galaxy Tab Turn Screen Rotation On / Off - Samsung Galaxy Tab® Connect with us on Messenger. Visit Community.
24/7 automated phone system: call * from your mobile. While there is not much more than the S Pen offered in the Note 20 Ultra, the Galaxy Tab S7 Plus is the device to purchase if you want to optimize your work with the.
How to fix screen auto-rotation problems on Windows 10 Disconnecting peripherals. If you're using a 2-in-1 device like the Surface Pro, accessories, such. Your device uses an internal accelerometer to determine which way round it is held.
If Auto rotate is turned on, your device will automatically rotate the screen when. Fortunately, it's a simple matter to disable screen rotation in the Kindle app -- and enable it again should the need arise. The process is the same on both Android and iOS devices.
Step one: Run. The galaxy is rather huge — at leastlight-years in diameter, making it the second-biggest in our Local Group of galaxies. More mind-blowing is. The structure and rotation of the galaxy. Hardcover – January 1, by John Stanley (). PLASKETT (Author) See all 2 formats and editions Hide other Author: John Stanley ().
PLASKETT. in our Galaxy. Measurements of the HI clouds in the Galaxy can be used in many ways, but today’s lab shall use the cm line to create the rotation curve for our Milky Way Galaxy. 2 Theory If hydrogen atoms are distributed uniformly throughout the Galaxy, a cm line will be detected from all points along the line of sight of our telescope.
“Discovering such regularity in galaxies really helps us to better understand the mechanics that make them tick—you won’t find a dense galaxy rotating quickly, while. The rotation of galaxies suggests that the dark matter is still present, to a large extent holding galaxies together. For more of that story, see John Gribbin's book, "Origins of the Future".
MOND It is only fair to mention here a possible loophole which could also explain rotation curves. The Galaxy Book S is a new type of computing device that integrates the advantages of both mobile devices and PCs. “Since the Galaxy Book S provides users with internet connectivity even without Wi-Fi, our main task was to create a design that would blend seamlessly into users’ day-to-day lives,” said Haesung Park, one of the designers of the Galaxy Book S.
The stars, gas and dust in a galaxy rotate about the center of the galaxy. We would like to know exactly how to describe the rotation of all parts of the galaxy. In other words, we want to know if galaxies rotate like merry-go-rounds, or like planets orbit the Sun, or in some other way.
Auto-rotation is cool feature of Samsung Galaxy Tab. It automatically flip/rotate the screen according to position of device. But sometime you want to fix the screen in one position and disable auto rotation like when you are watching any video or playing game.
Here is how you can enable / disable auto rotation in Samsung Galaxy Tab. In a study published March 14 in The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, astronomers announced the discovery that all galaxies rotate about once every billion years, no .Tech support scams are an industry-wide issue where scammers trick you into paying for unnecessary technical support services.
You can help protect yourself from scammers by verifying that the contact is a Microsoft Agent or Microsoft Employee and that the phone number is an official Microsoft global customer service number.Schematic Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curve: Very common, our Galaxy is not special in this regard 0 0 25 5 10 15 20 Radius from the Center (kpc) R o t a t i o n S p e e d (k m / s e c) Solid-Body Rotation Differential Rotation.
Interpreting the Rotation Curve Motions of the stars and gas in the disk of a spiral galaxy.


Auf Wunsch sind die Bilder auch in besseren Auflösungen vorhanden!
NGC 6888 – the crescent nebula
first light image of TAO
Seeing conditions during HA-data acquisition below average, transparency very good. Seeing conditions for R, G average. Seeing conditions for B and L fine. Transparency in RGB very good. Moon present while imaging L and B.The Crescent Nebula, aka NGC 6888, is a very well renown and most intriguing object located in the constellation “swan” in the northern hemisphere. At an apparent size of about 18 by 13 arc-minutes it is a very pale nebula. Even in a moderate amateur telescope you cannot see this nebula. One would need absolute dark skies (or narrow band filters) and a decent “light buckett” to glimpse the nebula visually. It’s absolute diameter is some 25 by 18 light years. Gazing at NGC 6888 means we are looking 4700 Years into the past.NGC 6888 renders a nebula coming from the blueish star at the center. And this is known to once have been a super-giant star. That means the star has had a giant mass! Small stars like our sun dwell some Billions of years with their fule. Super Giant stars are kind of play-boys, as they deplete their fule at “full speed”. And in this particular case the central star qualifies for being summed upon the socalled “Wolf Rayet” stars. After only a coule of Million years the fule is almost used up and the star is standing right before a significant change: it is gonna go supernova quite soon,…spoken in cosmmological terms, though. So, at present we are looking at a star that vents its outer layers into space at terrific speed and therefor the star sustains severe loss of mass. The gas is holding lots of oxygen and hydrogen,…just before the individual big “bang” of the WR-star.Read an intruiging story about the Crescent-nebula written by Tammy Plottner from UT.
NGC 7008 – The Fetus-Nebula – 9″ TMB f/9
Located in the constellation Cygnus, some 1200 lightyears away, this planetary nebula, aka PK93+5.2, H I-192, h 2099, GC 4627 is a most spectacular object for a powerful telescope (say larger than 16″ aperture). It appears rather bright in a 20″ dobsonian, as its visual magnitude is 10m7. In blue, however, it is only 13m3 bright. It holds 1.4 arc minutes in diamter which is considerably large for a PN.
Discovered by William Herschel in 1787 the distinctive shape of the nebula donates the name, reminding the observer of an embryo. The dark hole which can be seen very well in the image near the center, origins back a long time ago, when a seperate nova blew this part of the nebula up.
M 76 – 9″ TMB Apo f/8
M76 can be found in the constellation of Perseus quite close to Andromeda. It’s central star appears to be a binary system with a yellowish (southern) component. But this is only an optical binary system at a distance of 1.4 arc”. Hubble Space Telescope revealed the southern component to be located some thousands of lightyears in the background and therefore the central star is solitude. (you can see this optical binary system in the enlarged crop-image.)
This PN (the faintets of all Messier objects) was long time believed to be a galaxy until precise spectroscopic investigations from the early 19th century revealed its true nature?
the PN is said to be seen from an edge on view – the “barr” or “cork” like brighter part is said to be a kind of ring-like structure – consisting of the material the very hot CS blows out. this brigther part holds approx. 1 arc min in longitud. axis. however the fainter outer parts – the wings of the “butterfly” measure approx. double size.
and further out there are remnants from the periode when the CS dwelled in its “super-giant” phase, commencing to evaporate outer star-mass. it has some diameter of approx. 4-5 arc minutes.
M 27 – 9″ TMB Apo f/6.8
August to October 09: 16″ RC + Astrodon LRGB
14x lum @ 1×1, 600s
11x red @ 2×2, 600s
25x green @ 2×2, 600s
35x blue @ 2×2, 600s
Software: AstroArt4 image acquisition, CCD Soft, preprocessing in CCD Stack, Maxim Dl, CCD Sharp; postprocessing in PS CS4.
M 1 – 9″ TMB Apo f/9
The socalled Crab-nebula is one of the best reknown celestial objects of the northern hemisphere. More so as it’s appearance on earth has been monitored by chinese astronomers from 4th of April 1054 till the following moths. This object renders a supernova-remnant. This is was remains after a giant explosion of a star (SN type 2).
In a distance of 6300 Lightyears M1 can be found in the constellation Taurus and it is relatively bright, shining at 8m4 and holding some 6 by 4 arc minutes (equaling about 11 by 7 lightyears), which makes it an easy object for a moderate telescope, dark skies granted of course, as the contrast is rather low in visual light.
The SN was visible for several days (weeks) during daylight and many months at night, until it drifted out of focus of the former astronomers, as they had no telescopes available. In the year 1731 John Bevid, and a little later 1785 Charles Messier “re-discovered” the nebula. Actually the discovery of this very nebula yield to the decision of Mr. Messier to create the very well known catalogue, named after him.
Usually massive stars are capable of creating heavier elements than just Helium, the normal product of stellar hydrogen-fusion. This fusion-process yields in the production of elemts like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, up to iron in the core of such star. As a consequence the star becomes unstable (when running out of fuel to power its nuclear fusion reactions) and then the consecutive supernova explosion (type 2) can possibly lead to formation of far heavier elements, which will then be spread in space by means of the explosion and enrich the space with material needed to form new stars and planets. (Literally such an explosion could be regarded as a sacrifice of these stars, promoting the creation of further stars and planets, and life per se.)
What we see in the image are the socalled filament structures (redish coralle-like entities) of parts of the athmosphere of the progenitor star. In these structures elements like carbon, oxygen, neon, nitrogen and sulfur can be found. This nebula-shaped mantle, which is very hot at some 11.000 Kelvin, grows and expands centripedically at a velocity of 1500 km/s. What remained in the center of the stars original phenotypical location is a socalled pulsar, a fast rotating neutronstar, holding a phenomenal strong magnetic field of 8 potences Tesla but being only some 25 km in diamter! This magenitic field interacts with the nebula around and the electrons, which are forced by such magentic field to move at near lighspeed, emitting synchrotron-radiation, leading to the typical blueish light in the core of the nebula.
This very pulsar is also a serious source of radiowaves, x-ray and gamma-radiation. Though this object is very well investigated and much is known about the processes having gone through in the past and phenomena going on at present, some puzzling questions are still open: theory suggests, that the entire mass of the nebula and the pulsar added up is considerably less than the predicted mass of the progenitor star! Where has all the mass gone which is missing? In many cases, stars immediately prior to a supernova explosion expell serious amount of mass in a socalled stellar wind (typical example would be the crescent nebula, as a pre-supernova status of a bunch of stars, called Wolf Rayet stars, forming nebulosity around them). Such nebulosity however, cannot be found around M1. May further investigations reveal the reasons for this.
M 57 – The Ring Nebula – 9″ TMB Apo f/9
The socalled “Ring-nebula” aka as NGC 6720 is probably one of the most popular planetary nebulas, located in the constellation “Lyra” in a distance of 2300 light years. When Antoine Darquier and observed a comet in 1779 he just by chance came across this very bright PN that shines at 9m7. Ever since it is a very spectacular object for both, visual and photografic observation. Even in a standard telescope the ring-shape which donates the name can easily be seen. The very well visible central star was discovered by Friedrich Hahn 21 years later.
The apparent size in such telescopic view measures some 1.2 arc minutes in its longitudinal axis. However, very deep astroimages like this one above reveal its true size, which is more than twice that, currently 3.4 arc minutes. This so called outer shell is expanding hydrogen gas, that is expelling from the central hot star (~100.000K) at a velocity of approximately 19 km per second, which equals the beginning of this expulsion some 20.000 years ago when a gian red star commenced its dying-process. Ever since the nebula keeps on spreading into outer space and nowadays the absolute diameter of the entire objects is said to hold 1.3 light years.
The greenish interior of the ring mostly comes from ionized oxygen and nitrogen gas, that is heated by the radiation of the central star, which – like in almost all planetary nebulae – happens to be a white dwarf, not bigger than earth. In the enlarged crop one can also see some dark spots within the inner ring-structure which represent huge amounts of dust and dirt, standing out as remnants of the dying central star.
NGC 1514 – 9″ TMB Apo f/18 + f/9
This 10m0 bright PN aka the ‘crystal-ball-nebula’ located in the constellation of Taurus measures some 1.9 arc minutes in a circular shape, which is rather large for a PN. The central star is very bright at 9m5, therefore it can easily be seen in a standard amateur telescope. William Herschel described this object in 1790 forcing him to reconsider and reformulate his own theory which assumed the nebulosity around some particular stars might origin in minute stars, too tiny to be resolved. (Remeber, the telescopes of that era were significantly inferior to modern scopes in terms of resolution power and intensity). Most recent investigations reveal the central star to be a very close binary system with a rotation periode of 9hours and 50minutes. Following Vorontsov-Velyaminov classification of PNs NGC 1514 is part of the category multiple type 3+2; that indicates the existence of two expanding gas-shells. This very gas near its center is expanding outward at about 25 km/sec, while the whole objects moves away from earth at 60 km/sec. Since the object is located some 2000 light years away, the effect of both dynamical phenomena will hardly be detectable within a life span of a human. (source courtesy part: Ice In Space).
NGC 2392 LRGB – 9″ TMB Apo f/18 + f/9
This rather samll PN (42 arc seconds) is located some 3000 LY away from earth and can be found in the constellation of Gemini. It measures a couple of billion km in diameter and holds a hot white dwarf star at its center, that can easily be observed in a small telescope. When Herschel discovered this PN in 1787 he noticed some halo like formation around the very bright star; but his telescope was not precise enough to disclose its real nature; to discover the structure of the nebulosity one must referr to a serious telescope. In my 9″ TMB you can gather the idea why this PN is called the “Eskimo”. Its bright central star is very hot at this time at 40000 Kelvin. HST revealed there are 2 gas shells, that expand at different velocities. The inner one is rather fast with about 90 km/s, being expelled some 1060 years ago; and the outer one, that makes the “hair” of the Eskimo seems to originate in the periode of the central star when it dwelled in its red giantz phase, commencing to evaporate gas. This shell displays a way lower speed at some 20 km/s. The initial explosion that lead to its phase as a PN is said to have happened some 5000 years ago.


| A small girl, by the name of Einalinea, was oneday walking on an expanse of grass. She was a happy thing, with a merry smile and not a trouble to perturb her joyous life. But this day, she had heard tell of a planet destroyed. All the population dead, was the story. Eina felt pain for the small planet, which was far away from her own. "If only I could help," she muttered in her tinkling, bell-like voice.
Her thoughts were interrupted by a colossal bang, which shook the foundations of planet Nataresaletava, her home. Quaking with fear, she dove to the ground, silver eyes tightly closed.
KABOOOOOOOOM! The explosion sent clumps of earth soaring into the air, a great wave of rocks, debris and dust shooting towards the sky. It blotted out the star of Vetat, it's bright light muted and dulled. Underneath all of this, the little girl was buried, gasping with rattling breaths. Above her prone form, high in the sky, a cloud began to take shape. But this was no ordinary cloud: it was a swirling vortex of bright colours, the emotions and wishes of people. Slow as a sloth, it traveled down, down, down towards the now decimated planet of Nataresaletava.


The Milky Way Galaxy is an ancient and diverse galaxy in the Local Supercluster with a long history of powerful empires.
Nothing of the Milky Way's political history is known past 75000000 years BU. Starting with these 75 million years and continuing to this day is the Modern Era, the part of the Milky Way's history that modern empires do know about. This era is split into 6 ages.
During this age, the Tru'Duhns, a race of ruthless sapient reptilians descended from Troodons and sometimes referred to as the Tru'Dahns, reached space. For the next 10 million years, they'd go on to enslave every species in the universe, only for the countless slaves to revolt at the end of the era being led by the mysterious and enigmatic, yet good-hearted Platine species, who spent several generations to secretly build a machine of sufficient size that can give objects temporary imperviability to any substance. They used it to cause a mass extinction on Earth, the Tru'Duhn homeworld, around 66000000 years BU. This anonymous distraction allowed the Platines to do a call-to-arms to every other race, thus beginning about a million years of endless fighting, sometimes reaching tipping points on either side, only to go back to an anything-goes point. In the end, the Tru'Duhn species was exterminated utterly and completely from the universe, and all traces of their existence were erased except for a few replicas of Earth, being kept intact to colonise, but during all that time, they had put a monolith on the real Earth, and a species of small mammal was already starting to become sapient, even though the monolith was destroyed...
Age Of ShamansEdit
Sometime amidst the ensuing peace, a bird-like species from the Milky Way evolved sapience and reached space. What their species name was has been lost to time, but it is known that their homeworld was Shamastia, the future Shamasty homeworld, and they were the first ever Shamans in the universe. Their empire, the Shaman Kingdom, was an alliance between several empires converted to Shamanism, but their species itself only spanned much of the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies. This age lasted about 20000000 years, and the Dzzitians first existed then, but were subsequently destroyed by the Shaman Kingdom after attempting to destroy them under the flag of the Dzeerazza Empire.
Then, a large fleet carrying all specimens of the Tru'Duhn-uplifted species, now all technologically converted into cultists believing that cybernetic life is perfect and that all other life is evil, left Earth and headed for the Galactic Core. They expanded rapidly, attacking the Shaman Kingdom there, and it began to fall apart. While the homeworld region's population managed to stabilise and form the "Shamastic Empire" after a war with the Grox, their other populations and the other former member species from across the Shaman Kingdom's former range were isolated, fragmenting into smaller states. While most pursued different goals, some remained Shamans, including two states originating from the main species' presence in the Andromeda Galaxy. The multiple factions began to fight between the natives and themselves, and over time, the main species, fractured into different states, also fractured into state-specific species. Although many of all these species went extinct along with their empires, four main species descendants and an unclear number of other former member species including two factions of what was once a single species survived. Among other things, the Grox expanded to every other galaxy in this age as well.
The Exilist age started as soon as the Ala-Ik became a spacefaring race. It is noted by the presence of the Exiled One's creations and their various alliances, and came to an end with the end of the Forgotten War.
Age Of PiratesEdit
This age lasted 50 million years. While the Genesis Alliance was monitoring life and, later on, the Quee Empire grew exponentially, space pirates dominated the Milky Way Galaxy, most notably the Kataur Confederacy Of Pirates.
Age Of AwakeningEdit
Noted by the return of races from the Exilist Age to the Milky Way, this is the current modern age.
- Mothrai Socialist Republic (Vanished, Status Unknown)
- Hellspino Empire
- New Dzeerazza Empire
- People's Jalupi Society
- Night Legacy


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LG OLED TV BRINGS NORTHERN LIGHTS TO ICELAND THIS SUMMERLG OLED TV’s Perfect Black Reveals Perfect Nature
REYKJAVIK, ICELAND, June 22, 2016 — LG Electronics (LG) is kicking off a global campaign to make the Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis, visible to audiences around the world in the most unique way — via its cutting-edge HDR-enabled 4K OLED TVs. LG will showcase the OLED Aurora Borealis at an event in Reykjavik, Iceland kicking off with a concert featuring the Icelandic band, Of Monsters and Men, on July 20, followed by a four-month photo exhibition portraying the beauty of Iceland on LG OLED TVs.
The Northern Lights cannot be observed in Iceland from April to August due to the midnight sun which keeps the country lit almost 24 hours a day. To give summer tourists and residents their first opportunity to view the Aurora Borealis during the summer months, LG has invited 1,000 guests from around the world to the Lights Out, Stars On concert where the hometown band Of Monsters and Men will perform. For one night only, the award-winning Harpa Concert Hall in Reykjavik, with its glass panels resembling the elegant Picture-on-Glass of LG SIGNATURE OLED TV will feature 40 large OLED TVs installed in an array to display the Icelandic night sky on their perfectly black screens.
The campaign will feature a photography exhibition displaying images of scenic Icelandic landscapes and night skies on LG OLED TVs. Captured by a number of talented Icelandic photographers, the images showing the natural beauty of the heavens and the Earth will be displayed in a whole new perspective on the perfect surfaces of LG OLED TVs. The photo exhibition will run from July 20 to Nov. 20 in Harpa Concert Hall.
Throughout the project, LG is working closely with award-winning Icelandic writer and activist Andri Magnason. Also joining will be professional astrophotographer Sean Parker, who has created original works of art depicting the beautiful Aurora-filled night skies of Iceland. Popular tech YouTuber Lewis Hilsenteger of Unbox Therapy will serve as creative director for the campaign.
During the 2006 Aurora Borealis viewing season, Icelandic poet and novelist Andri Magnason suggested that the city of Reykjavik come together to make the beauty of the night sky visible within the city for the first time. Magnason wanted the people of Reykjavik to see the northern lights and stars against a completely black backdrop. Just as eliminating light pollution allowed the people of Reykjavik to see the lights in all their glory, the pitch black backdrop of OLED TVs heightens the contrast and delivers richer images. LG OLED TVs feature individually illuminated pixels, eliminating the need for image-distorting LED backlights. Without this backlight, OLED TVs are capable of displaying perfect black images alongside bright, lifelike colors.
“LG has been an innovator in TV technology for the last 50 years and this drive to create the best display has culminated in today’s OLED TV,” said Brian Kwon, president of the LG Home Entertainment Company. “By accurately capturing the beauty of Iceland’s Northern Lights, residents and tourists alike will be able to experience the magic of nature as only LG OLED TV makes possible.”
LG OLED TVs consistently bring viewers what TV experts have called the best picture quality available, and the entire 2016 LG OLED line lives up to that billing. Thanks to OLED technology’s unique ability to turn each pixel on or completely off, LG OLED TVs produce perfect blacks and flawlessly render crisp, vibrant colors and rich shadow details, even when bright objects are directly next to deep, dark areas (unlike LCD TVs, which have a halo effect from light bleeding).
The entire 2016 LG OLED line of 4K Ultra HD Smart TVs deliver the stunning picture quality and advanced technologies of OLED: perfect blacks, improved brightness, expanded color, and amazing picture even at wide viewing angles. Each of the eight models also delivers a complete high dynamic range (HDR) experience for images that come to life with support for both Dolby Vision™ and HDR10 with “Ultra HD Premium” certification by the UHD Alliance.
The concert and photo exhibition will take place at the award-winning Harpa Concert Hall in Reykjavik.


We are launching our new space-themed slot 2027 ISS into the iGaming world – continuing to expand our unique game portfolio with stimulating and engaging new themes. With this new slot, we focus on celebrating the details of the International Space Station (also known as the ISS). On April 12th, 1961, the first human space flight took place – paving the way for humanity’s space exploration. With this in mind, we’ve timed it perfectly to be released on the same day as the International Day of Human Space Flight for April 12th, 2017.
What makes this release so special is that we would like to celebrate and promote the development and contribution of space science and technology. With all the programs and technologies currently in place, mankind has been taking off with its space explorations and development.
Inspired by NASA, we warmly invite all players for an intergalactic gambling experience, where one can encounter futuristic technologies, witness extraordinary sights, and take on the challenge of seeing what it’s like to live out of this world through its engaging space-themed slot. Some of the symbols are also meshed with the gambling culture (dice, roulette, slots, cards/poker, and bingo) to still give you a feel for home back on Earth.
Lift off with your crew members and orbit the Earth while encountering the strange and the extraordinary. What will you bring back with you?


Space Station 76 in High QualityNow you can enjoy Space Station 76 in HD video with duration 94 Min and has been launched in 2014-09-19 and MPAA rating is 27.
- Original Title : Space Station 76
- Movie title in your country : Space Station 76
- Year of movie : 2014
- Genres of movie : Comedy, Drama, Science Fiction,
- Status of movie : Released
- Release date of movie : 2014-09-19
- Companies of movie : Om Films, Rival Pictures,
- Countries of movie : United States of America,
- Language of movie : English,
- Durationof movie : 94 Min
- Average vote of movie : 4.5
- Youtube ID of movie : k520GiR362U
- Translation of movie : EN,DE,PT,IT,FR,ES,DA,NL,KO,RU,HE,HU,PL,EL,UK,
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- Matt Bomer ( Ted )
- Jerry O'Connell ( Steve )
- Liv Tyler ( Jessica )
- Marisa Coughlan ( Misty )
- Patrick Wilson ( Captain Glenn )
- Kali Rocha ( Donna )
- Kylie Rogers ( Sunshine )
- Keir Dullea ( Mr. Marlowe )
- Ryan Gaul ( Chuck )
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Full Length of Space Station 76 in High Definition Format with movie synopsis "A comedic drama about a group of people (and several robots) living on a space station in a 1970’s-version of the future. When a new Assistant Captain arrives, she inadvertently ignites tensions among the crew, prompting them to confront their darkest secrets. Barely contained lust, jealousy, and anger all bubble to the surface, becoming just as dangerous as the asteroid that’s heading right for them." in HD video. Play full Space Station 76 in Best Look by clicking the button link.
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Director : Jack Plotnick, Writer : Jennifer Elise Cox, Writer : Jack Plotnick, Writer : Kali Rocha, Writer : Michael Stoyanov, Director of Photography : Robert Brinkmann, Writer : Sam Pancake,
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When the SpaceX rocket launched into space Saturday, it took two US Military veterans with it – Marine veteran Doug Hurley and Air Force veteran Bob Behnken.
Although the mission’s original launch was postponed due to weather, the two astronaut veterans were successfully launched into orbit and have since reached the International Space Station. Hurley, 53, and Behnken, 49, NASA employees under contract to fly with SpaceX, are expected to remain at the space station for several weeks, assisting a short-handed crew aboard the orbital laboratory.
“It’s incredible, the power, the technology,” said U.S. President Donald Trump, who was at Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral in Florida for the launch, “That was a beautiful sight to see,” reported Task and Purpose.
The last time NASA launched astronauts into space aboard a brand new vehicle was 40 years ago at the start of the space shuttle program.


School of Theatre, Film and Television faculty Peter Beudert and Michael Mulcahy made a 25-minute film that explores the influence of one of the University of Arizona’s greatest treasures: The Steward Observatory. The original observatory, which evolved from a single telescope in one observatory to many telescopes in multiple observatories, was conceived and built by A. E. Douglass over 100 years ago. The funding came in 1916 when Lavinia Steward donated $60,000 to UA to build a telescope in her husband’s name, Mr. Henry Steward, in order to memorialize her late husband.
The influence and presence of both the Observatory and Douglass are the bedrock of modern astronomy at the University, in Southern Arizona, around the world, and even in space. The documentary was previewed while in post-production at Confluencenter’s Nov. 12, 2014 Show & Tell @ Playground event. The completed documentary premiered on Oct. 17, 2016 during the Steward Observatory’s 100th Anniversary celebration of Lavinia Steward's gift to UA.
The film was funded in part by the UA Confluencenter for Creative Inquiry, the UA College of Science and the UA Office for Research & Discovery. View the introduction here:


A personal lander touched down on the moon Thursday however managed only a weak sign again, as flight controllers scrambled to achieve higher contact with the primary U.S. spacecraft to succeed in the lunar floor in additional than 50 years.
Stress mounted within the firm’s command centre in Houston, as controllers awaited a sign from the spacecraft some 400,000 kilometres away, which arrived about 10 minutes later.
Regardless of the spotty communication, Intuitive Machines, the corporate that constructed and managed the craft, which is known as Odysseus, confirmed it had landed upright.
However it didn’t present extra particulars, together with whether or not the lander had reached its meant vacation spot close to the moon’s south pole.
The corporate ended its stay webcast quickly after figuring out a lone, weak sign from the lander.
“We are able to affirm, indisputably, our gear is on the floor of the moon,” mission director Tim Crain reported, as rigidity constructed within the firm’s Houston management centre.
“I do know this was a nail-biter, however we’re on the floor and we’re transmitting. Welcome to the moon,” added Intuitive Machines CEO Steve Altemus.
Information was lastly beginning to stream in, in response to an organization announcement two hours after landing.
The ultimate few hours earlier than landing had been loaded with further stress when the lander’s laser navigation system failed.
The corporate’s flight management staff needed to press an experimental NASA laser system into motion, with the lander taking an additional lap across the moon to permit time for the last-minute swap.
With this modification lastly in place, Odysseus descended from a moon-skimming orbit and guided itself towards the floor, aiming for a comparatively flat spot amongst all of the cliffs and craters close to the south pole.
Your order was delivered… to the Moon! @Int_Machines’ uncrewed lunar lander landed at 6:23pm ET (2323 UTC), bringing NASA science to the Moon’s floor. These devices will put together us for future human exploration of the Moon underneath #Artemis. pic.twitter.com/sS0poiWxrU
The lander’s choreographed descent was the primary for the U.S. since 1972, when Apollo 17’s Gene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt left the final bootprints within the desolate gray mud.
Odysseus reached the moon’s orbit Wednesday, six days after rocketing from Kennedy House Centre in Florida.
The six-footed carbon fibre and titanium lander — towering 4.3 meters — carried six experiments for NASA.
The house company gave the corporate $118 million US to construct and fly the lander, a part of its effort to commercialize lunar deliveries forward of the deliberate return of astronauts in a couple of years.
Intuitive Machines’ entry is the most recent in a collection of touchdown makes an attempt by nations and personal outfits seeking to discover the moon and, if potential, capitalize on it.
Japan scored a lunar touchdown final month, becoming a member of earlier triumphs by Russia, U.S., China and India.
A Pittsburgh firm, Astrobotic Know-how, gave it a shot final month, however was derailed by a gas leak that resulted within the lander plunging again by way of Earth’s ambiance and burning up.
Intuitive Machines’ goal was 300 kilometres shy of the south pole, round 80 levels latitude and nearer to the pole than some other spacecraft has come.
The positioning is comparatively flat, however surrounded by boulders, hills, cliffs and craters that would maintain frozen water, an enormous a part of the attract.
The lander was programmed to select, in actual time, the most secure spot close to the so-called Malapert A crater.
The solar-powered lander was meant to function for every week, till the lengthy lunar evening.
Moreover NASA’s tech and navigation experiments, Intuitive Machines bought house on the lander to Columbia Sportswear to fly its latest insulating jacket cloth; sculptor Jeff Koons for 125 mini moon collectible figurines; and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical College for a set of cameras to seize photos of the descending lander.


Falcon Heavy and Starman
When Falcon Heavy lifted off, it became the most powerful operational rocket in the world by a factor of two. With the ability to lift into orbit nearly 64 metric tons (141,000 lb)—a mass greater than a 737 jetliner loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel–Falcon Heavy can lift more than twice the payload of the next closest operational vehicle, the Delta IV Heavy, at one-third the cost.
Following liftoff, the two side boosters separated from the center core and returned to landing site for future reuse.
Falcon Heavy put a Tesla Roadster and its passenger, Starman, into orbit around the sun. At max velocity Starman and the Roadster will travel 11 km/s (7mi/s) and travel 400 million km (250 million mi) from Earth.
Its first stage is composed of three Falcon 9 nine-engine cores whose 27 Merlin engines together generate more than 5 million pounds of thrust at liftoff, equal to approximately eighteen 747 aircraft. Only the Saturn V moon rocket, last flown in 1973, delivered more payload to orbit. Falcon Heavy was designed from the outset to carry humans into space and restores the possibility of flying missions with crew to the Moon or Mars.
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Sky gazers are in for a special treat this weekeend as the beloved Lyrids meteor shower will reach its peak.
The Lyrids meteor shower has been observed for 2,700 years, making it one of the oldest-known meteor showers on record. The first reported Lyrids sighting dates back to 67 BC in China, according to NASA.
The Lyrids are pieces of debris from the Comet C/1861 G1 Thatcher. In April of each year, Earth runs into the stream of debris from the comet, causing the meteor shower.
In 2023, the Lyrids meteor shower, which is active from April 15 through April 29, is expected to peak this weekend, EarthSky says.
The American Meteor Society describes the Lyrids meteor shower as a "medium strength shower." While the Lyrids bring fast and bright meteors, they're not as plentiful as showers like the August Perseids, NASA notes.
"Lyrids don’t tend to leave long, glowing dust trains behind them as they streak through the Earth's atmosphere, but they can produce the occasional bright flash called a fireball," NASA adds.
Here's what you need to know.
The Lyrids meteor shower: A visual guide on where, when and how to view
Best stargazing events of 2023:How to see green comet, meteor showers and an eclipse this year
When is the Lyrids meteor shower and its 2023 peak?
The Lyrids, which will be active through April 29, will peak April 22 and April 23, NASA says.
In the U.S., the best time to view the Lyrids' 2023 peak will be around 9 p.m. ET on April 22, according to predictions from the American Meteor Society.
In a handful of extraordinary years, the Lyrids have surprised stargazers with up to 100 meteors an hour, NASA notes. But, for most years, viewers can typically expect 10 to 20 meteors during the peak.
"The normal Lyrid display, seen under moonless conditions, usually offers a peak of around 10 meteors per hour in addition to the normal random meteor rate of about 5 per hour," the American Meteor Society writes.
Where to see the Lyrids meteor shower
While people can see the Lyrids around the globe, this meteor shower is most easily viewed in the Northern Hemisphere during dark hours.
The Lyrids' radiant point, or the place in the sky where meteors appear to emerge from, is "far to the north on the sky’s dome," EarthSky notes. That makes it harder to see the shower in the Southern Hemisphere – but it's still possible to see a few meteors.
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According to NASA, the Lyrids' radiant point is near the constellation Lyra – and the meteors appear to radiate from the area around Lyra's brightest star, Vega. However, the Lyrids can appear anywhere in the sky.
"It is actually better to view the Lyrids away from their radiant: They will appear longer and more spectacular from this perspective," NASA adds.
How to watch the Lyrids meteor shower
Viewing conditions for meteor showers depend on a variety of factors – including weather, light pollution, the moon's brightness and more.
To best view a meteor shower like the Lyrids, go outside during dark hours of the night – between moonset and before dawn. You'll want to find a spot far away from city and street lights.
For the Lyrids, NASA recommends viewers "lie flat on your back with your feet facing east." Try to take in as much as the night sky as possible, and be patient.
What's everyone talking about? Sign up for our trending newsletter to get the latest news of the day.
Luckily, the new moon just occurred April 20 – just before the Lyrids' peak this year, according to Space.com. That means "there will be no moon in the sky during the peak mornings for 2023’s Lyrid meteor shower," according to EarthSky.
Contributing: Doyle Rice and Mike Snider, USA TODAY.


Sunday, January 1
Since retiring Phil's been hankering after a remote observatory.
When we first came to the Cook Islands over thirty years ago it seems that the night skies were clear and the Milky Way looked magnificent for most of the year. I'm sure that's an exaggeration; you remember the things you want to as time goes by. But certainly the sky at night is much cloudier than it was when Phil first built a telescope on Rarotonga. That's global warming in action at the local level.
It's been a long time coming but at long last Phil's telescope in Chile has seen first light.
The observatory is situated at the southern end of the Atacama Desert, 1600 metres high, in an area called El Sauce.The site is home to several other telescopes including four large domes owned by a group of Russian astronomers who also have air-conditioned containers with living, office and storage quarters. Phil's telescope is the first of what will eventually be six set up in a large shed with a roll-off roof. Another much smaller shed nearby has several small telescopes used for tracing space junk. And site has room for more observatories of varying sizes.
Electricity shouldn't be a problem as there's a large array of solar panels with plenty of room for more and, along with clear skies at night, the Atacama has lots of sunshine during the day. Not all the time though - about 330 days a year!
The scope has has been operational for a few months now but needed some extra bits and pieces added to it so we had a holiday that included flying to Santiago, Chile's capital, and then La Serena, a forty-five minute flight further north.
Hired a 4WD SUV iin La Serena and drove to Hurtado, the town nearest the site. The 4WD was necessary because most of the roads we were on were one lane dirt with occasional passing places as you can see in the video.
It was quite an adventure, but the thing about adventures is that they're usually uncomfortable at the time otherwise they'd just be called 'travel'. It was hot during the day but one night we stayed at the telescope and boy was that cold! At 1600m above sea level, when the sky is clear the temperature drops like a stone. During the day the wind howls around the various observatories, because of thermal currents. At night the temperature falls and the winds die down. This means that very early morning is the only time to fly the drone to get some aerial footage, so we were up before dawn and wore layers of t-shirts, jumpers and jackets to ward off the chill. Also needed to keep the drone and GoPro batteries in pockets to warm them up before they would operate.
Living in a tropical island paradise, you forget what really cold weather is like!


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America's Secret Space Fleet?
America's Secret Space Fleet?
By Ed Komarek
Copy and Distribute Freely
My blog: http://exopolitics.blogspot.com/
A very considerable amount of evidence is accumulating in the public domain indicating that the Americans have a very advanced space program and space fleet that is highly classified and is soaking up trillions of American taxpayer dollars. (See Linda Howe's article http://www.earthfiles.com/news.php?ID=1346&category=Environment ) It is alleged by insider whistle blowers that much of the exotic technology of this fleet comes from reverse engineered extraterrestrial technology and that the public NASA space program is just a expensive cover program.
None other than Ben Rich (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Rich ) the now deceased director of the highly classified Lockheed Skunk Works (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Works ) made a number of statements over the years confirming the existence of a secret highly classified space program. Not long before he died he said. "“We already have the means to travel among the stars, but these technologies are locked up in black projects and it would take an act of God to ever get them out to benefit humanity….. anything you can imagine we already know how to do.”In 1993 a couple years before he died he gave two lectures and slide presentations. One was at Wright-Patterson AFB and the other was at the UCLA School of Engineering Alumni speech and at the end of the show he said the following, "The U.S. Air Force has just given us a contract to take E.T. back home" He also said "We also know how to travel to the stars" and "It is time to end all secrecy on this as it no longer poses a national security threat and to make the technology available for use in the private sector." He said that their were technologies that are 50 years beyond even what we could possibly dream of.
What really got people like myself interested in this alleged secret space fleet was the case involving the computer hacker Gary Mckinnon who said he saw secret rosters of off world officers when he hacked into American military computers. (See http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4715612.stm and http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/4977134.stm )Since then other Whistle blowers have been coming forward like Richard Sauder in this interview by Linda Howe. (See http://www.earthfiles.com/news.php?ID=1355&category=Science ) Whistle blower Clark McClelland ( See http://www.geocities.com/area51/shadowlands/6583/coverup037.html ) is know for his interviews discussing UFO activity around NASA facilities and has also mentioned a secret space program.
Recently an inventor using a special amplifier on a small telescope was able to take detailed videos of the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station. But he also saw a lot of other hardware floating around that is not publicly know. (See http://www.rense.com/general79/wdx1.htm ) It does not take a rocket scientist to see that a very advanced secret space program and fleet is is very real possibility and it is time to think about the implications of this. Is such a secret program a threat to civil society as some would suggest? What are the implications of having this kind of power in the hands of the corporate elite rather than the public at large? Can such a fleet be used to stage a false flag alien invasion so as to effect massive political change across the globe? These are all questions I believe we will all have to come to grips with in the not to distant future.


in 2013, the red planet, Mars, was the focus of many news : The rover Curiosity, discovery of water in the ground of Mars, the launch of the Maven mission ... But today, the martian dream of the billionaire Dennis Tito is pop-up on the news.
He has revealed his scheme for send two astronauts (a man and a woman) to the red planet before the end of 2017 or in January 2018. His wishes to send some humans is due to the "rare alignments" of planets which should be exploited as the context of the project which requite a minimal rocket fuel. The mission, called "Inspiration Mars" would be a 501-day US mission to the planet but without landing on its surface.
Two separate trips would be necessary for the Mars Mission. First, the billionaire proposes that the first launch would involve a NASA rocket delivering the vehicle into orbit that would actually go onto Mars. Next, a second space launch would carry the two astronauts which would later be united with the spacecraft, preliminary orbited.
For this mission, the Tito's organization would prefer use the Orbital Sciences Corporation's new Cygnus capsule which finished its first mission to the international space station in October. In an other hand, they decided to reject the NASA's new Orion capsule which seems propose the mission requirements.
We will propose you more details soon about this amazing project, so stay tune.


It was truly a historic moment for the entire country. The PSLV-C11, which carries India’s first unmanned moon spacecraft Chandrayaan-1, was successfully put into initial orbit from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Wednesday morning at around 6.40 am.
At the end of the 49-hour countdown, the 44.4 meter tall four-stage PSLV-C11 blasted off from the second launch pad with the ignition of the core first stage at 6.22 am.
Large crowds had gathered at Sriharikota since early Wednesday morning to witness this historic event. The crowds cheered at the PSLV, which weighs 316 tonnes soared majestically into the skies. However, the thick black clouds played spoil sport for those waiting to watch the PSLV launch into the skies.
People who stood on the terrace of the Brahm Prakash auditorium to witness the launch managed to catch a glimpse of the vehicle only for a brief moment before it disappeared into the clouds.
However, the mood in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre where the entire Indian Space Research Organisation team behind the mission was seated was upbeat. They were emotional on seeing that the launch was a success.
ISRO Chairman Madhavan Nair got up from his chair, clapping his hands, and congratulated other scientists who had ensured that the mission?s success. This is the 14th flight of ISRO’s workhorse PSLV, which has launched 29 satellites into a variety of orbits since 1993.
The launch vehicle uses larger strap-on motors to achieve higher payload capability.
The Chandrayaan-1 is carrying 11 payloads, five entirely designed and developed in India, three from European Space Agency, one from Bulgaria and two from US, which would explore the moon.
In his message soon after the launch, Madhavan Nair said this was a historic moment for India.
“The first leg has gone perfectly and today we have started a remarkable journey to the moon. We have fought all odds which include heavy rains and thunderstorms since the past four days to ensure that this mission is a success. We will complete the journey in the next 15 days.”
The other men behind the mission, who were obviously elated by the success of the launch, too spoke after the successful launch. They said phase-1 had been completed successfully and for phase-2, the next team would take over.
“We have spent sleepless nights and today our baby is on the way to the moon. Fifteen days from now, we will reach our destination and for the next two years the Chandrayaan will do its job in exploring the mysteries of the moon. We are ready for many more challenges and we must say that this has been a thrilling experience,” he said.
The 1380-kg Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft will first reach a highly elliptical Initial orbit and thereafter the satellite’s Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) will be fired at appropriate moments that will finally take it to an orbit at a height of 100 km around the moon around November eight.
Chandrayaan-1 carries 11 payloads (scientific instruments) — five from India, three from ESA, two from the US and one from Bulgaria. It aims to undertake remote-sensing of the moon in the visible, near infrared, microwave and X-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. With this, preparation of a three-dimensional atlas of the lunar surface is envisaged.
“The mission will lead to detailed understanding of the mineralogy of the moon, and (possibility of) abundance of Helium-3 said to be a relatively clean fuel for future nuclear fusion reactors,” an ISRO official said.
“It will also throw more light on what appears to be the presence of water ice in the permanently shadowed regions of the moon’s polar areas”.
Courtesy :- Rediff


Very cognitive, very elite.
Read this, emphasis added:
The tail end of 2017 was packed with interesting asteroid sightings and near-misses that gave skywatchers a reason to look up, but the biggest threat from above in 2018 might be manmade. China’s Tiangong-1 space station has been completely out of control for months now, and space agencies from all over the world are expecting it to come crashing down to Earth in early 2018. Unfortunately, nobody knows exactly when or where the massive hunk of space junk will land.
Tiangong-1 — which means “Heavenly Palace” — hosted a number of Chinese astronauts during its brief life span, but after its extended mission ended in 2016 the Chinese space agency revealed that it had lost communication with the spacecraft and that its decaying orbit would eventually result in it plummeting to Earth. That’s not great news.
Tiangong-1 is Scientists who have been monitoring the space station’s troubled existence have been attempting to forecast where it might slam into our planet but have only been able to narrow it down to an area between 43 degrees north and 43 degrees south. Most of that area is covered by ocean, but there’s still around a 1 in 10,000 chance that the debris lands on a populated area, potentially injuring people or damaging structures.
The space station weighs 18,740 pounds, and while much of the material that makes up the craft will burn up in the friction of Earth’s atmosphere, thousands of pounds of debris is expected to survive reentry. With no way to control where or when the Chinese vehicle reenters, it’s impossible to predict the exact location where all that debris will land.
According to a FAQ about the Tiangong-1, the actual impact of the debris might not even be the most dangerous part about its tumble towards Earth. Potentially hazardous materials including hydrazine, a highly toxic chemical used in rocket fuel, might survive reentry. If any humans or animals come into contact with the substance, it would be very bad news.
The spacecraft is expected to finally fall to Earth sometime in March, though observers have only been able to narrow its date of descent down to a two-week window, which isn’t particularly reassuring. When it eventually does begin to fall, scientists will have precious little time to predict the area of impact, but you can be sure that every space agency on the planet will be monitoring it closely.
And for those HBDers who wish to defend their gods by invoking the memory of Skylab’s descent, I make three points:
1. That was almost 40 years ago; you’d think that the big-brained, high-IQ cognitive elitists from The Land of the Gods would have improved upon 1970s technology and protocols (assuming that the human photocopiers haven’t just essentially copied absolute American technology.
2. Note the part about “China’s Tiangong-1 space station has been completely out of control for months now…”
3. Whether hydrazine contamination was part of the Skylab debris threat was never discussed back then, but it sure is certain that the Chinese are going to be spreading toxic chemical wherever their “heavenly palace” comes crashing down.
In summary: complete Chinese irresponsibility.
Also, it’s interesting that we are told that the USA is capable of intercepting and destroying North Korean ICBMs, but we are helpless against a meandering piece of Oriental space junk. We’ll be told: “Oh no, attempting to destroy it will just create a greater amount of small debris scattered over a larger area.” My answer is that utilizing a nuclear warhead for the interception will destroy the “Heavenly Palace” completely (too bad it couldn’t have been done when it was in use). We need to get over this hysterical aversion to everything nuclear. Of course, this assumes that American nuclear weapons will actually work – the only nation that is empirically testing their weapons, and who can affirm they actually work IRL, is North Korea. No amount of “computational modeling” can substitute for actual testing (including the occasional above ground detonation). We need to scrap all these “test ban” treaties, as well as the “outer space ban” for nuclear weapons, and start testing the weapons, building more and better weapons, and expanding the nuclear arsenal (including bigger bombs). The decline of America and the West perfectly coincides with the advent of the extreme risk-aversion we see about everything, and the extreme pansification of all things (including downgrading American warhead yields to popgun levels, while other nations combine both yield and accuracy).
Yes, I know the Tolkienites – who want us all to be eating twigs and branches in the woods while the Chinese launch “Heavenly Palaces” – won’t like all “dat dere nuk-a-leer stuff” but who cares what they “think?”


PASB students win medals at Jornada de Foguetes, a rocketry competition in Rio de Janeiro
Seven PASB students were invited to join Jornada de Foguetes, an academic rocketry competition organized by the Physics Institute of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. They represented our state, Bahia, in the event, which was held from March 20 to March 23 in Barra do Piraí, in Rio de Janeiro. The top three school teams from MOBFOG, the Brazilian Rocketry Exhibition, will attend this event.
During the competition, students have to build and launch a rocket using simple, low-cost materials, following the technical specifications given by the organization. Once ready, the rocket should be launched vertically to reach the most significant distance. The Rocket Journey is supported by the Brazilian Space Agency and the Brazilian Astronomical Society and aims to encourage students of all ages to learn and develop their skills in aerospace science.
The PASB teams brought home two gold medals and a silver medal. One of our teams’ rockets also reached the 3rd longest distance out of all the launches in the competition (241m). Besides the awards, our Panthers were also elected as Best Performance by the event’s attendees.
The coordinator of PASB’s Astronomy Club, teacher Flávia Batista, highlights the students’ participation in the Journey as a great opportunity. “Our students are living an incredible experience and building important skills for the future, both for academic education and personal life, as they develop the ability to think critically and creatively, to work in teams, solve problems, and apply knowledge in practical situations. All the learning will be shared with other students in our school community. It is rewarding to see all the excitement, academic growth, and leadership spirit they are demonstrating,” she says.
A Year 10 student, Maria Eduarda Luz, who has participated in the Astronomy Club for four years, was one of those selected to participate in the journey. Before travelling, she told us all about her excitement about the event and her expectations of bringing the title of champion. “The preparation process was intense, it required a lot of teamwork, creativity to build the rockets and knowledge of Physics for all the calculations of force and trajectories. There, we will have many activities and workshops, besides, of course, the presentation of our rockets. I am very excited about this opportunity”, she declared.


The other day, we’d had a beautiful day with clear skies and lovely sunshine – which meant a clear night with a moon, being almost full, and stars, constellations, and – Northern Lights!
I didn’t really believe that it would still get dark enough during the night to make it possible to see the the old Spirits dancing in the sky – I had given up hope to see much more of that while I was here, but was I in for a surprise! I don’t believe I can ever get enough of those lights, stirring something primitive, unknown parts of me which I am only able to grasp at while watching the colors in the darkness – and I simply don’t tire of watching!
Apparently, I’m a master of timing. Or maybe the Lights wanted to be seen once more by a human soul, to be appreciated and awed at and longed for as they have been, all winter long – or perhaps I’m just lucky. But at somewhere around 11 PM, I was walking form the Café (the main house) to my little caravan. It’s not a very long distance, and since there’s some outdoor lights connected to the Café, it wasn’t very dark when I walked towards my bed. But, against all odds (being; very light evenings and nights lately, an almost full moon insistently shining all over the landscape, and artificial lights from the buildings all around me), the Northern Lights shimmered stubbornly across the night sky. This time, while I stood rooted to the spot, silenced in awe, taken by surprise (and what a lovely surprise!), with a big grin on my face, I had the good sense to grab my camera and try to get some good pictures. In one way, I succeeded, since you’re actually able to see the sky and the Lights in these pictures, but at the same time, I kinda failed, because they’re so poor… But, alas, I am not a professional photographer, and there’s only so much a small digital camera can do – even though it’s an awesome one – and it was handheld, and excuses, excuses…
It was very short-lived, and I only think it lasted a couple of minutes (might as well be 15 – time flies when you stare, mesmerized, at the night sky), but then it was gone, allowing the pushy moon imitate her brother the sun, letting her reflective rays shine all over the fresh snow on the mountains in the horizon.
So, it’s clear that the Northern Lights are, well, not dying, exactly, but they are on a retreat from the milder, warmer parts of the North, wanting to spend the summer in a colder, darker area on the northern hemisphere. Although, at the height of summer, there will hardly be any place for the Lights to be seen. Maybe that’s a good thing – we need to miss them if we shall want them to come back. In summer, there’s enough light for everyone, day and night, but in the cold, dark winter, we truly need the Lights dancing in the black sky above us to inspire courage and to help us carry on through the dark times.
And also, I’m pretty sure that the old Spirits of the North need a break – after all, they have been dancing for months.


A Tribute to the Challenger & Columbia
I have no doubt that all of us can remember where we were or what we were doing on that fateful January day of the Challenger launch. And I did not work on this page until March during the anniversary of the Columbia shuttle disaster -- another such day when one remembers only too well where they were in their life.
Glittering stars and wisps of gas create a backdrop for the self-destruction of a massive star, Supernova 1987A, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby galaxy. Astronomers in the southern hemisphere witnessed the brilliant explosion of this star on February 23, 1987.
The remnant of Supernova 1987A is surrounded by inner and outer rings of material set in a forest of ethereal, diffuse clouds of gas. The many bright blue stars nearby are massive stars, each more than six times heftier than our sun. They are members of the same generation of stars as the star that went supernova about 12 million years ago.
In a few years, the supernova's fast moving material will sweep the inner ring with full force, heating and exciting its gas, and will produce a new series of cosmic fireworks that will offer a striking view for more than a decade.
I must share my experience of beading on real suede -- it is nasty stuff to work with! But I have a large piece of yardage and thought it would be a perfect background for this astronomical depiction. Unlike Ultrasuede, real suede is tough to get a needle into, but I am a stubborn old girl and stuck with it to the finish.
Garnet is the birthstone for January and many, tiny garnet beads have been worked into those rings of gas. Crystal AB rivolis have been used for the bright blue stars and flat crystal rondelles and 4mm crystals were used for the smaller stars.


The Spilit of Nippon Kogaku Tokyo
Historical Nikon 91cm
Nikon Kenkyukai Dodaira Meeting
The Dodaira Astronomical Observatory is located in the Mt. Dodaira
above sea level 876 m in Saitama Prefecture near Tokyo.
This dome was built in the Mitsui shipyard
The DODAIRA's Observatory Dome
Nikon 91cm Astronomical Photographic Reflector
The Nikon 91cm Astronomical Photographic Reflector
You can remember the Dodaira Astronomical Observatory by
the report of the Nikon Kenkyukai
June 2005 meeting
Beautiful Nikon 91cm Reflector and Dome
Historical Nikon 91cm Astronomical Photographic Reflector
Left: Dome Controller, Right: Telescope Controllers
NHK TV Program
The NHK news gathering crew visited the the Dodaira Astronomical Observatory on the day when Nikon Kenkyukai members gathered in that place. The report of that day was broadcast in the Japanese whole country on October 19, 2007.
The NHK News Gathering Crew
They were interested in the big telescope
The staff in the TV station interviewed Nikon Kenkyukai
Dinner at the Astronomical Observatory
We enjoyed ourselves over dinner at a restaurant Dodaira Observatory.
Dinner in Astronomical Observatory
Delicious Beer of Local, OGAWA
Great Seeing by Nikon
A big dome in the astronomical observatory opens quietly,
and the cold night sky appeared.
Very Excellent Big Telescope Nikon 91cm
You can see the stellar light directly
Grand Reflector Nikon 91cm Super Light
The Brilliant Nippon Kogaku Tokyo Crest
Historical Value of Dodaira Observatory
A lot of cost is necessary to maintain an old astronomical observatory.
The late Koichiro Tomita and scientists in Tokyo astronomical observatory
ALL WE LOVE DODAIRA
Copyright Michio Akiyama, Tokyo Japan 2008, 2019


Strongly-coupled plasmas and warm dense matter
These figures show predictions of the effective potential theory (EPT) from [S2,S4,S6] for self-diffusion (left) and shear viscosity (right) of the one-component plasma. Traditional plasma theory (dashed lines) breaks down when the coupling strength approaches 1. EPT is capable of extending plasma theory well into the strongly coupled regime. Circles show results of molecular dynamics simulations, which provide an accurate (though computationally expensive) solution for these transport properties.
In traditional weakly coupled plasmas, the kinetic energy of individual particles greatly exceeds the potential energy of their interaction. Strongly coupled plasmas occur in the opposite limit. Strong coupling can be achieved in three ways:
(1) High ion charge numbers, as found in dusty plasmas
(2) High density, as found in inertial confinement fusion as well as dense astrophysical objects such as white dwarf stars, neutron star crusts and giant planet interiors
(3) Low temperature, as found in non-neutral plasmas, ultracold neutral plasmas and antimatter plasmas.
In addition, electrons in the dense plasma examples are typically described by quantum statistics, rather than the classical statistics found in conventional plasmas. The regime where ions are strongly coupled and electrons are quantum degenerate is often called warm dense matter. The fundamental physical properties of warm dense matter are substantially different than others (liquid, gas, plasma or solid) that it may be considered a different state of matter.
In our group, we develop theories intended to provide a predictive description of various fundamental processes in these exotic plasma states. A major focus is to develop theoretical models for transport properties, such as electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, etc., that can be evaluated efficiently enough to be implemented in the large hydrodynamics simulations that are used to simulate macroscopic behavior of the experiments and astrophysical objects. A typical research program consists of first developing an approximate transport theory using methods from plasma kinetic theory, liquid theory, and statistical mechanics. The second stage is a verification procedure, where the theory is tested against predictions of ab inito particle simulations, which is usually some form of molecular dynamics simulation. When data is available, the theory is tested against experiments. Finally, verified transport coefficients are implemented in various hydrodynamics simulations, and the influence of coupling and/or quantum effects on macroscopic behavior of the experimentally-relevant plasma can be quantified.
The primary application of this work is fusion energy research. Specifically, plasmas in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments evolve through an enormous range of density and temperature, including the warm dense matter regime. Our work is motivated, in part, by the need for more accurate descriptions of the materials properties at these conditions in order to model the evolution of the plasma in ICF experiments. There are several other related applications, including modeling of dense astrophysical objects (such as white dwarfs and the interior of giant planets), dense plasmas created by the interaction of intense lasers with matter, dusty plasmas, ultracold plasmas, and nonneutral plasmas. Part of the excitement of basic physics research is that new physics discoveries often lead to new applications!
Warm Dense Matter:
Matter in Extreme Conditions at SLAC
UCSD Nonneutral Plasma Group
Strongly Coupled Dusty Plasmas:
Goree Dusty Plasma Group
UCLA: Putterman Group


Astronauts (Jake Gyllenhaal, Rebecca Ferguson, Ryan Reynolds) aboard the International Space Station are on the cutting edge of one of the most important discoveries in human history: the first evidence of extraterrestrial life on Mars.
As members of the crew conduct their research, the rapidly evolving life-form proves far more intelligent and terrifying than anyone could have imagined.
1 hour 50 minutes
All films start on time
Science Fiction, Fantasy
Tickets are £6.50. Matinee Club members tickets £5 for the 2.30pm showing. Please ask at the Box Office about joining the Matinee Club for £10 a year.


Sede donde se gestiona
Lugar de impartición
Santander - Península de la Magdalena (Hall Real)
DirecciónRory Barnes Assistant Professor in the Department of Astronomy
Astrobiology Program at the University of Washington, USAJosé Miguel Mas HesseDirector del Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA)
SecretaríaCarlos Briones LlorenteCentro de Astrobiología CSIC-INTA, Spain
Descripción de la actividad
EL CURSO SE IMPARTIRÁ ÍNTEGRAMENTE EN INGLÉS
The XIV International School in Astrobiology will examine how Earth analog environments inform humanity's search for extraterrestrial life. The School will provide an interdisciplinary examination of the chemical, physical and geological properties of potential extraterrestrial habitats and an in-depth description and analysis of sites on Earth with similar characteristics. In particular, lectures and activities will consider icy satellites, rocky planets in the Solar System, extreme Earth environments, and terrestrial exoplanets.
Earth has a wide diversity of environments and while many are hostile to humans and the life we encounter on a daily basis, they are nonetheless habitats for many types of "extreme" forms of life. From brine channels in sea ice to acidic hot springs or the driest deserts, Earth-based life has found a way to grow, thrive and survive. This adaptability inspires astrobiologists to broaden the search for life in the universe to environments previously thought inhospitable. This year's School will explore the diverse environments of Earth that may resemble environments on Mars, Europa and beyond. The intellectual connections the students develop at this School will facilitate interdisciplinary research that brings the groundbreaking discovery of life beyond Earth within our grasp.


The process crumpled the surface, creating lobe-shaped scarps or cliffs, some hundreds of miles long and soaring up to a mile high, as well as Mercury's " Great Valley ," which at about miles long, miles wide and 2 miles deep 1, by by 3.
These points, which are the ones on the equator where the apparent retrograde motion of the Sun happens when it is crossing the horizon as described in the preceding paragraph, receive much less solar heat than the first ones described above. One study suggested that Mercury's surface features can generally be divided into two groups — one consisting of older material that melted at higher pressures at the core-mantle boundary, and the other of newer material that formed closer to Mercury's surface.
Due to Mercury's spin—orbit resonance, a solar day the length between two meridian transits of the Sun lasts about Earth days. The same thing happens during sunset. But a year on Mercury goes fast.
At some longitudes the observer would see the Sun rise and then gradually increase in apparent size as it slowly moved toward the zenith. It is estimated that the surface area of Mercury shrank by about 0. Mass concentrations red suggest subsurface structure and evolution Mercury appears to have a solid silicate crust and mantle overlying a solid, iron sulfide outer core layer, a deeper liquid core layer, and a solid inner core.
This varying distance to the Sun leads to Mercury's surface being flexed by tidal bulges raised by the Sun that are about 17 times stronger than the Moon's on Earth.
Depressions or fossae are named for works of architecture.
If so, it would make the rocky planet a member of a very select club with samples available on Earth; only the moon, Mars and the asteroid belt have verified rocks.
Scientists believe that they have found evidence that shows that part of the metallic core is molten or liquid. The tiny differences between the observed and predicted values were a minor but nagging problem for many decades.


A folded solar sail was ejected from a small NASA satellite on Monday, demonstrating a significant success in NASA’s attempts to develop and install solar-sail technology. The ejected device is called NanoSail-D, and is approximately the size of a loaf of bread. It was launched by a FASTSAT satellite.
The 100-square foot sail attached to NanoSail-D is expected to unfurl within the next few days. If the sail is a success, NASA hopes to use this newly developed technology to bring old satellites down from Earth’s orbit without wasting expensive propellant. The sail is meant to use solar radiation as “wind,” which will get caught in the solar sail and propel the spacecraft effortlessly. It is made out of a polymer material which is thinner than human hair.
Dean Alhorn, NanoSail-D principal investigator as well as aerospace engineer said that “this is a great step for our solar sail team with the successful ejection of the NanoSail-D satellite from FASTSAT.”


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Python is one of the most popular programming languages in astronomy. In this talk, I will tell a story about how Python helped me to develop a software tool for galaxy modelling, and tackle the scientific and technical challenges that arise in the Big Data era of astronomy.
We are on the verge of revolutionizing our understanding of galaxies in the nearby universe. The vast amount of spatially-resolved spectroscopic data produced by new-generation instruments and telescopes as part of large-scale survey projects, such as SAMI, Hector, and WALLABY, will reveal the internal structure and kinematics of many thousands of galaxies. This unprecedented amount of information will enable scientists to conduct large-scale statistical multi-wavelength studies for first time, and shed light into several aspects of galaxy structure, formation, and evolution.
To tackle the technical and science analysis requirements of this ever growing amount of data I developed an extensible high-performance software for modelling the kinematics and photometry of galaxies. The generality of the software enables it to tackle a wide range of science cases, from the modelling of simple rotating disks, to the simultaneous fitting of multi-wavelength observations with peculiar morphological and kinematic signatures. Its flexible architecture allows it to support a great range of galaxy models and optimisation techniques, while it can also run on a variety of computational hardware including multi-core CPUs and GPUs.
In this talk I am going to give an overview of the upcoming major release of the software and comment on its significance in the era of the large-scale 3D spectroscopic galaxy surveys. I will discuss why and how the software evolved from a pure C++ code to a Python project. I will comment on the design decisions I had to make, and I will provide a review of the most essential libraries used by the software. Throughout the talk, I will discuss the technical challenges I faced during the development of the software from an astronomer’s as well as a computer scientist’s perspective.
Watch 'Not a long time ago, in a galaxy not very far away, an astronomer and a computer scientist walk into a bar...' on PyCon AU's YouTube account
George is an astrocoder who likes to play the ukulele in his (nonexistent) free time.


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The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), a NASA and European Space Agency satellite tasked to monitor the Sun, orbits the first Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers away from Earth. The second Lagrange point is about the same distance from the Earth, but is located behind the Earth.
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Feb 10, 2020· The Solar Orbiter, a European Space Agency mission, took to the skies Sunday evening to join ongoing efforts in understanding our host star. A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket lit up the skies over Cape Canaveral Sunday night at 11:03 p.m. EST (4:03 UT on February 10th) with the first space science mission of 2020: the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter.
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