Space Pony and Science Pony playing the space science event of the year! I’m well aware that comet and probes are way out of scale, but there wouldn’t be much to see otherwise. :-P
For anypony who doesn’t know what this is about: This week Wednesday, ESA’s Philae probe landed on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko after separating from the Rosetta orbiter.
Just a little drawing of Fluttershy, inspired by this cute cosplay. I finally got to draw again! :)
This is just a little sketch I drew Tuesday on the train while traveling to visit a friend. The funny thing is that as I was starting to draw, the girl sitting next to me looked over at my sketchbook and was like “Oh, a brony!”, and we had a nice chat. :-)
This is for Meghan McCarthy. Happy birthday! :D
As for the lack of pictures over the last few weeks, I was simply too stressed out to draw much and post anything. :( Since they wouldn’t really fit anywhere else, below are two sketches I did during that time. Now I have a one week vacation, so hopefully I’ll feel better and draw again.
Just Rarity and Sweetie Belle spending some time together. The pose is inspired by yesterday’s Heavenly Nostrils comic, which is wonderfully sweet and highly recommended.
I haven’t been drawing since last Sunday, which feels like far too long, so here’s a little watercolor of Princess Celestia.
When I saw Lupinia‘s wonderful photo “Sunset Flight“, I pretty much immediately though “Hey, I should do a version of this with pegasi!” No surprise after practicing wings for so long. :D Drawing the pegasi as silhouettes only felt a bit weird, but I like the result. :)
If you’re interested, I’ve posted sketches for this picture yesterday.


Dates: 22 of February – 25 of March 2018
Adress: MMOMA, 10, Gogol-boulevard, Moscow
Curator of the Young Art Support Program: Daria Kamishnikiva
Moscow Museum of Modern Art and Center for Contemporary Art "ZARYA" (Vladivostok) present the
exhibition of the Hero4Hero group.
In frame of the exhibition space the artists present their reflection on topic of human interaction with planetary and cosmic.
Research project MANNA is the artistic reaction to the fall of Sikhote-Alin meteorite, one of the ten biggest meteorites of the world, which was called after the name of mountains, where it fell down as iron rain in 1947 in Primorsky krai. Using the real meteorite in the installations and addressing to its image as the messenger of the Cosmos, authors remind us about the fragility of the human world and the planet as whole, they regard "heaven's stone" as tangible evidence of cosmogeological process.
Exposition makes visitors enter step by step first into the reflection about the fact of extraterrestrial object arrival, further about its presence in the people's life, and finally it attaches the visitors to the
"vertical" and not "flat" perception of the surrounding world, it makes the extent of Human to face the
extent of Cosmos.
Using different media, the authors immerse the visitors in the special atmosphere, change the nvisible into observed images and create the effect of co-presence on human and non-human, terrestrial and cosmic in one place and in the experience of one observation.
The visitors invite in the world of Ussuri taiga, where the meteorite shower took place, where
behind the thin line of tangible it is possible to see and feel evidence of intangible presence of cosmic
manifestation. Changing just a little bit the observer optics and focus of attention, the artists suggest the visitors an individual contact with extraterrestrial and sensual experience of cosmic presence. Using the augmented reality technology, the visitors with help of their mobile phones can see images with the eyes the local habitant of the village, and feel by themselves the influence of the extraterrestrial presence on the people's life.
In the last room of the exposition Hero4Hero presents video art about the expedition to the place of Sikhote-Alin meteorite fall in December of 2017, 7 kilometers away from the village Meteoritniy. This village is the inhabited locality with degraded economy, where the habitants are living thanks to hunting and gathering, somehow went back to the primitive way of life. Exhausting search for and finding of the meteorites in Ussuri taiga is the hope and the last chance for them to become reach and change their lives to good. Keeping those facts in the focus of their research but not emphasizing on it, the artists create in the exposition the atmosphere which allows to feel the presence of extraterrestrial, to look at the people's problems from position of the cosmic extent.
Roman Ivanishchev (author)
Ksenia Frolova (author)
Vitaliy Berkov (photographer)
Nikita Bernadskiy (photographer)
Dina Belenko (photographer)
Vera Koroleva (graphic arts)
Tatiana Kondrashina (designer)
Alexey Zvonkov (operator, camera)
Olesya Rostovskaya (composer, musician)


I always wanted to go to NASA’s Space Camp. As a kid, I saw the movie SpaceCamp and dreamed of one day being able to go and learn about astronaut training and missions first hand like the characters in the movie. Maybe I’d even end up in the cockpit of the Shuttle during an FRF (Flight Readiness Firing). No, that didn’t happen, but it was fun to dream about. And of course, I never thought I would get to actually go… but then it happened!
I got to go to Space Camp! I didn’t go as a trainee, but thanks to my good friend, JD Black, I was invited to Huntsville, Alabama as a guest author, along with Gene Kim, to see among other things, the US Space & Rocket Center campus and program. We had the privilege of talking to them about their mission, software development, reliability engineering, history and leadership. It was amazing. We toured the training facilities, explored the rocket engines, and spent time in the mock international space station watching the trainees learn to tackle real-world challenges through the application of science.
For my fellow science history nerds out there, we managed to get a behind the scenes tour with the archivist, looking at equipment, notes and design plans used in the Apollo program to get us to the Moon. We even got to see the slide rule and calculations used by Wernher von Braun to design the Saturn V launch vehicles! We went from that to the Artemis mission, the NASA program to take us back to the moon in 2024-2025 with the plans to have a sustainable presence on the moon by the end of the decade. It was an incredible experience.
To the moon!
This visit inspired and reminded me of the amazing things we can do when we pursue our dreams and work together to make it happen. As a species, humans are insatiably curious. We are restless. We love to explore. We can’t help but push boundaries and reset the impossible. We dream and take moon shots. We strive to go beyond ourselves and our own restrictions. No limits, no ceilings, no borders. We apply energy, passion and ambition to go where we have never gone before. To infinity… and beyond. I love human beings… and love being human!
Keep dreaming, keep going!


|About the Book|
This official NASA history document - converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction - is a fascinating account by the leading designer for Mars and Venus spacecraft in the Soviet Union during the early days of Mars exploration, V.G.MoreThis official NASA history document - converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction - is a fascinating account by the leading designer for Mars and Venus spacecraft in the Soviet Union during the early days of Mars exploration, V.G. Perminov, at a time when many missions to the Red Planet were abject failures.Here, he recounts the hectic days and urgent atmosphere in the Communist bureaucracy to design and successfully launch a Mars orbiter, a Mars lander, and a Mars rover. The goal was to beat the United States to Mars. The authors account gives, for the first time, the personal feelings of those managing the projects. The first project was begun in 1959. During the next 15 years, the United States had put humans on the Moon, and the Soviet Union had put a cosmonaut in space and circled the Moon with a satellite. However, sending a spacecraft to a distant planet and having it enter an unknown atmosphere and land on a poorly known surface was an undertaking of a different magnitude. There were many lessons to be learned and many expensive failures. But with each new failure, new experience was gained, and with each successive attempt, the goal was closer.In October 1960, with Project 1M, two spacecraft were launched, but the third stages of each rocket failed. In November 1962, the spacecraft Mars 1 was launched, but it fell silent at a distance of 106 million kilometers.In March-April 1969, with Project M-69, there was an attempt to launch two spacecraft, but both failed on launch. In May 1971, with Project M-71, two spacecraft, Mars 2 and Mars 3, each with a lander, were launched. The lander for Mars 2 crashed on the surface of Mars. The lander of Mars 3 reached the surface, but its transmissions soon disappeared. However, the orbiters of Mars 2 and Mars 3 continued circling the planet for 8 months sending images to Earth.In June 1973, Mars 4 and Mars 5 were launched. On Mars 4, the braking system failed, it therefore missed the planet. Mars 5 took images of Mars on a flyby. In August 1973, Mars 6 and Mars 7 were launched. Mars 6 was unable to receive commands after 2 months but, surprisingly, continued in an autonomous mode for another 5 months after landing on the Martian surface and sending back data. Mars 7 missed the planet.During the mid-1970s, there were attempts to develop a program to return Martian soil to Earth. That program proved to be impractical.In July 1988, the spacecraft Phobos 1 and Phobos 2 were launched to explore the Martian moon Phobos. Phobos 1 did not reach its destination. Phobos 2 successfully entered the Martian orbit, but at 150 kilometers from Phobos, it lost solar power and became silent. In November 1996, the spacecraft Mars 96, with an orbiter, four landers, and 22 scientific instruments, was launched. Because of onboard computer and upper-stage booster malfunctions, the Mars 96 spacecraft failed. This is the last spacecraft reported by the author. In spite of numerous failures, the technical and scientific achievements during the Mars exploration effort were invaluable. The scientific results are broadly discussed in western literature, and technical knowledge has been advanced.


Astronomers made pictures of the galactic center,
which is aproximately 25.000 lightyears distant from Earth. The images were taken in the infrared- and radio
wavelength. This TV-picture is edited by me because the center is
very bright compared to the more outward features. The galactic
center is obscured from direct vision in the range of visible light
by dust clouds in it´s circumference about 1200 lightyears
away. 27 antennas were combined in a Y-shape, each arm 600
meter long. Later worldwide antenna arrays were combined to receive
radio- and x-rays in order to look even deeper because a
black hole was suspected there. More than 200 stars were found circling
around a strong gravitational field. This strong gravitational field
also pulls together our galaxy. The shape of the galactic center reminds
me strongly of the graphic symbol for the OM symbol, the most important symbol in Asia, together with the Svastika.
we presume that our Galaxy is spinning horizontally, then the center
of our galaxy is rotating at right angles to the galactic plane.
How can we tell? If the center would rotate on the same plane as
the galaxy itself, we would only be able to see the center as a
narrow band, the same way we see our Milky Way. But since we can
see this special form, shaped like a mini-galaxy, we have to assume
that its rotational plane must be slanted by about 90 degrees. And
there is even more to it: just by chance the center is positioned
in a way that it reveals its Om-shape to us and its northpole is
directed towards our solar system. How do we know that it is the
northpole? The shape of the center tells us which direction it is
spinning and it is spinning counterclockwise.
we can see the stars/suns that are closest to the galactic center,
marked by a cross, depicted in four phases.
of galactic dust obscure the
direct view on the galactic center
light (heat radiation) and radiation in radio wavelength can permeate
the dust clouds
In March 21. 2009 I wrote this "Theory of Energy from the Galactic Center"
The people of the nation of the Maya some thousand of years ago had the awareness of the greater cosmic cycles and measured them with their calendar. They also knew the source of the strongest cycles or waves - Hunab Ku - the center of our Milkyway galaxy.
These days more and more scientists are adapting their worldview to the cyclic nature of existence and are presenting proof of this paradigm shift. In Germany the scientist Dr. Dieter Broers has got a lot of attention with his interview in the mainstream magazines.
He is stating that scientists discovered a ray of energy coming from the deepest domains of space. He says the Mayans called it a "synchronizing ray", coming from the galactic center, and that it is already realigning planet earth and thereby us humans.
He is also saying that NASA is actually detecting these rays for already 15 years. Within the last couple of years the energy of these rays has multiplied many times and is getting stronger by the day.
This "Change" (note that the word change is the key concept that is conveyed here) is leading to a transformation of our consciousness or even to a quantum-jump in our development.
Astrophysicists are confronted with a huge mystery at this point and I think I can help them here, if any of this is true what scientists claim to have detected.
When I have discovered that the OM-symbol as a representation of the galactic center which is equally true for the Mayan symbol Hunab Ku, it is proven that ancient cultures had a galactic consciousness of the cycles of time and where we are located in our galaxy.
What I further have discovered is that the orientation of the galactic center in space relative to our solar system is in a peculiar position, unlike to most galaxys that we can observe!
This discovery will explain all the effects we are now experiencing.
The galactic center is a rotating black hole with a surrounding disk comprised of stars and dust, shaped like the well known OM-symbol. The point I am making here is that this disk is visible head-on meaning that it is not rotating at the same angle as the disk-shaped Milkyway-galaxy. Since we can see the rotating galactic center head-on and not from the side as it would if it were at the same plane like the rest of the galaxy we can assume that it is tilted at an almost 90 degree angle relative to the galactic plane.
What does this mean?
The black hole inside this disk is a rotating sphere with a north- and southpole like every other spinning ball or globe. What is a special feature of a black hole is that it is emitting a strong jet of gamma-rays, neutrinos and all kinds of energies and particles from both poles and as we here on Earth are facing the northpole of the black hole. We are now showered to an ever increasing degree with those energies. See also my visualisation. The axis of the black hole is wobbling back and forth, up and down, just like when you are watering a patch of flowers with a garden hose.
This is only pure logic, derived from observation, you do not have to be an astrophysicist to get to those conclusions. I now enjoy the confirmation of my theories from "established" scientists and I can further explain their discoveries.
In any way, the predictions of the Mayans, scientists, channelers and the prophets and their holy books are hinting to this special occurrence in space and time.
What I assume is that the polarities in many aspects of our existence are expanded to the maximum and are probably until the winter solstice of 2012, like described by Terance McKenna in his 'Timewave Zero' leading to a transforming event that can quicken mankind forward to a galactic consciousness.
Some call it Apokalypse from the Greek word for revelation, lifting the veil, manifestation, for it may be revealed who we really are, where we really are and what else is going on in the Universe. That is why the "Revelation" is anticipated with so much fear by many.
I just came across an article: "Mystery Hum puzzles geologists". Could it be that this hum is because planet earth is resonating with the energies coming from the center of our galaxy due to the fact that the OM-symbol has also a sound/vibration/energy associated to it. It is produced due to the fast-moving atoms, planets, stars and galaxies. This sound was perceived during meditation by Rishi Vishvamitra thousands of years ago, who mentioned it to other colleagues. All of them then unanimously decided to call this sound OM, the name of God, because this sound is available in all the three conditions of time, hence it is "sat" (permanent).
This "universal OM-Tone" is the gravitational frequency of the smallest Black Hole of unity and of the quantumfrequency of the photons on it's gravitational circle and corresponds with the tone Cis (135,57 Hz) und is named the "Sound of Unity".
Now lets go back to the ray that is entering the solar system now at this time: the ancient vedic Rishis and the Mayans knew that the calibration of the galactic center with our solar system will happen periodically due to the synchronous movements of both systems.
Some are waiting for the solar system to enter a "Photon Belt" which is only another way of describing that approaching energy, ending the so called "Kali Yuga", the dark iron age.
My theses are:
1. The object in the center of our galaxy is represented by the
Om-symbol, well known for many thousands of years in Asia.
2. The energy associated with the Om-symbol is identical
with the neutrino radiation and other energies coming from the center of our galaxy. These
energies may bealso identical with what is called
Chi/Ki in chinese tradition, Prana in the indian Vedas, Orgon by
W. Reich and Tachion-Energy in the New Age jargon.
3. Without these energies perhaps there is no life possible. This
energy may be experienced in spiritual ecstasy, evoked by meditation,
chanting of mantras, Tai Chi, Tantra and other practices, perhaps
even with the help of technical devices or crystals.
This energy is physiologically connected with the higher chacras
and the Cranio Sacral Liquor flowing rhythmically around the spine.
4. The neutrino emissions, radiating as a scalarwave
connects every body in the galaxy with the black hole residing
in the center.
5. The "quality" of the neutrino emissions is changing
over time, because their speed is faster than light but does not
have the same speed all the time. If a star, as it apparently happened
in 1995, falls into the black hole, more neutrinos are emitted due
to the conversion of matter to energy. The faster neutrinos arrive
first in the solar system. I would call the transformation of matter
to energy "the devolution of matter".
6. All the billion galaxies that bear a black hole in it´s
center are interconnected by neutrino-scalar waves.
7. The rotational plane of the OM and the black hole is rotating
at right angles to the galactic plane, otherwise we would only see
the side of a flat disk. The black hole´s axis northpole is
at this time by chance directed to the solar system and by this
radiating neutrinos in the jets coming from it's north-pole to our
8. There was no "Big Bang", the evolution
und devolution of matter is takeing place all the time with the
help of black holes.
Scientists agree that a black hole is emitting neutrinos.
Neutrinos are "particles" that change their charge so
fast, that their average charge is zero. Thats why their charge
is immeasurable, only their existence could be proved. Their speed
is faster than light. Otherwise they would not be able to escape
the gravitation of a black hole. They are emitted as a scalar wave.
A scalar wave is not emitted spherically like electromagnetic or
light waves. Scalar waves are directed longitudinal waves that resonate
with a recipient, that means that there is a repercussion from the
receiver to the transmitter. Neutrinos are slowed down or even cought
by the sun, but almost all penetrating the Earth (and our bodys)
without any effect (they say). Scientists have installed huge tanks
containing gallium-arsenid or water inside of deep mines, surrounded
by thousands of detectors, that are able to detect the photons that
are emitted when a neutrino
hits a nucleus of an atom.
in radio wavelength
Evidence for Monstrous Black Hole at Center of Our Galaxy
Presented by UCLA Astronomer Andrea Ghez
Date: September 7, 1998
Answering one of astronomy's most important questions, UCLA astronomer
Andrea Ghez reported today at a conference in Tucson, Ariz., that
a monstrous black hole resides at the center of our Milky Way galaxy,
with a mass of about 3 million times that of our sun. In her research,
Ghez used the 10-meter Keck I Telescope - the world's largest optical
and infrared telescope - atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii to study the movement
of 200 stars that are close to the galactic center. Ghez studied these
stars each year since 1995, using a technique she refined called "infrared
speckle interferometry." "Black holes cannot be seen directly,
but their influence on nearby stars is very visible and provides a
signature," said Ghez. "We have found that signature in
the rapid movement of the 20 or so stars that are most affected by
its gravitational influence." These 20 stars are orbiting ever
closer to the black hole at a blinding speed of up to three million
miles per hour -- about 10 times the speed at which stars typically
move. The rapid speed at which the stars closest to the galactic center
are moving reveals that the mass of the black hole - 3 million solar
masses - must be concentrated in a single object, she said. The star
that was closest to the black hole in 1995 has since disappeared.
Ghez has a number of possible theories to explain its disappearance,
ranging from the mundane to the exotic. One
explanation for observing a bright source in only one image, Ghez
said, is that it was a "gravitational lensing event," which
occurs when the light path from a star passing behind the black hole
is bent by the strong gravitational field of the black hole. Alternatively,
it could have been a flare due to a star falling into the black hole.
Ghez, however, acknowledges that scientists may never learn which
theory is correct***. The center of the Milky Way was identified in
1968 by Eric Becklin, a UCLA professor of physics and astronomy. Its
general location in the galaxy is known, but not its precise location.
The center of the Milky Way is located due south in the summer sky.
The black hole at the center of our galaxy came into existence billions
of years ago, perhaps as very massive stars collapsed at the end of
their life cycles and coalesced into a single, supermassive object.
Ghez studied the stars closest to the galactic center to observe the
movement of these stars. She has been able to accurately predict the
locations of the stars closest to the galactic center. Ghez has the
highest resolution images of the galactic center ever obtained, which
allow precise measurement of a group of stars close to the galactic
center. Keck's large diameter allows Ghez to see fine details and
to position the stars - details which were crucial in establishing
the existence of the supermassive black hole.
***OM-mans theory: maybe we can learn from neutrino emissons, faster
than light, what happened. Or, even keeping in mind the distance of
about 24000 LJ, there could be an effect due to no-time tunneling
of a neutrino-scalarwave (which could even correspond to the effects
of the postulated "Photon Belt").
I found the following on
the website of David Wilcock but this link does not work anymore.
Suns magnetic field is over 230 percent stronger now than
it was at the beginning of the 1900s, and its overall energetic
activity has sizably increased, creating a frenzy of activity that
continues to embarrass NASAs official predictions.
VENUS: Venus is now glowing in the dark, as is Jupiters moon
EARTH: In the last 30 years, Earths icecaps have thinned
out by as much as 40 percent. Quite inexplicably, just since 1997
the structure of the Earth has shifted from being slightly more
egg-shaped, or elongated at the poles, to more pumpkin-shaped, or
flattened at the poles. No one at NASA has even bothered to try
to explain this yet.
MARS: The icecaps of Mars noticeably melted just within one
year, causing 50-percent changes in surface features. Atmospheric
density had risen by 200 percent above previous observations as
JUPITER: Jupiter has become so highly energized that it is
now surrounded by a visibly glowing donut tube of energy in the
path of the moon Io. The size of Jupiters magnetic field has
more than doubled since 1992.
SATURN: Saturns polar regions have been noticeably
brightening, and its magnetic field strength increasing.
URANUS: According to NASAs Voyager II space probe, Uranus
and Neptune both appear to have had recent magnetic pole shifts
60 degrees for Uranus and 50 for Neptune.
NEPTUNE: Neptune has become 40 percent brighter in infrared
since 1996, and is fully 100-percent brighter in certain areas.
Also, Neptunes moon Triton has had a very large percentage
increase in atmospheric pressure and temperature, comparable
to a 22-degree Fahrenheit increase on Earth.
PLUTO: As of September 2002, Pluto has experienced a 300-percent
increase in its atmospheric pressure in the last 14 years, while
also becoming noticeably darker in color.
infrared and x-ray views of our galaxys core have revealed a
(doughnut-shaped ring), or plasmoid, less than two light-years across.
Because dust blocks visible light, viewing the core has not been possible
until the advent of telescopes that can "see infrared and
x-ray light, which can penetrate dust. The x-ray radiation from the
plasmoid is typical of that given off by highly excited stars, indicating
extremely strong electrical stress. The strong electrical field in
the plasmoid acts as a particle accelerator. Electrons accelerated
to high speeds will spiral in a magnetic field and give off x-rays.
They also give off x-rays when they pass near a heavier ion.
The plasmoid also accelerates ionsprimarily hydrogen and helium
nucleito high speeds. The ions collide and fuse to build up
heavier nuclei. This accounts for the plasmoids observed enrichment
in oxygen and iron.
The plasmoid is the "generator that powers the intermittent
ejections from a galactic core. In a galactic circuit, electrical
power flows inward along the spiral arms, lighting the stars as it
goes, and is concentrated and stored in the central plasmoid. When
the plasmoid reaches a threshold density, it discharges, usually along
the galaxys spin axis. This process can be replicated in a laboratory
with the plasma focus device.
The discharge forms a jet of neutrons, heavy ions, and electrons.
The neutrons decay to form concentrations of matter that appear as
quasars. Electromagnetic forces confine the jet to thin filaments
that remain coherent for thousands of light-years. The jet usually
ends in double layers that extend for many times the size of the galaxy
and radiate copiously in radio frequencies. The diffuse currents then
flow toward the galaxys equatorial plane and spiral back toward
A core plasmoid was first discovered in the Andromeda galaxy, our
neighbor and possibly our "mother. With this discovery
of the plasmoid at the core of the Milky Way, we can expect similar
discoveries for all nearby galaxies.
Driving Forces of the Milky Way
The core of our galaxy is a region full of mysteries, including flares
that can brighten the central area by a factor of four in a few days
or by a factor of two in forty minutes. From an electric universe
point of view, this is the most active expression of the electric
power of the Milky Way.
Dust veils most of the core of the Milky Way from optical observations,
but today's radio, infrared, ultraviolet and x-ray telescopes uncover
intriguing images and data about the activity at the center of our
home galaxy. It's a region full of mysteries, including the remnants
of an unexplained hyper-explosion a few thousand years ago and flares
that can brighten the central area by a factor of four in a few days
or by a factor of two in forty minutes.
From an electric universe point of view, this is the most active expression
of the electric power of the Milky Way. This is where currents are
focused from the spiral arms down into a tiny donut-shaped plasmoid.
From the center of this plasmoid, electric currents spray out from
the axis of the galaxy, then return along the spiral arms, inducing
magnetic fields and lighting up the stars. The energy stored in the
plasmoid is released in prodigious outbursts of high speed particles
and radiation, heralded by explosive flares.
May 14. 2008 Chandra Uncovers Youngest Supernova in Our Galaxy
The most recent supernova in our galaxy has been discovered by tracking
the rapid expansion of its remains. This result, using NASA's Chandra
X-ray Observatory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very
Large Array, will help improve our understanding of how often supernovae
explode in the Milky Way galaxy.
The supernova explosion occurred about 140 years ago, making it the
most recent in the Milky Way. Previously, the last known supernova
in our galaxy occurred around 1680, an estimate based on the expansion
of its remnant, Cassiopeia A.
Supernova remnant G1.9+0.3. Image Credit: X-ray (NASA/CXC/NCSU/S.
Reynolds et al.); Radio (NSF/NRAO/VLA/Cambridge/D. Green et al.);
Infrared (2MASS/UMass/IPAC-Caltech/NASA/NSF/CfA/E. Bressert)
Finding such a recent, obscured supernova is a first step in making
a better estimate of how often the stellar explosions occur. This
is important because supernovae heat and redistribute large amounts
of gas, and pump heavy elements out into their surroundings. They
can trigger the formation of new stars as part of a cycle of stellar
death and rebirth. The explosion also can leave behind, in addition
to the expanding remnant, a central neutron star or black hole.
The recent supernova explosion was not seen with optical telescopes
because it occurred close to the center of the galaxy and is embedded
in a dense field of gas and dust. This made the object about a trillion
times fainter, in optical light, than an unobscured supernova. However,
the remnant it caused can be seen by X-ray and radio telescopes.
"We can see some supernova explosions with optical telescopes
across half of the universe, but when they're in this murk we can
miss them in our own cosmic backyard," said Stephen Reynolds
of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, who led the Chandra
study. "Fortunately, the expanding gas cloud from the explosion
shines brightly in radio waves and X-rays for thousands of years.
X-ray and radio telescopes can see through all that obscuration
and show us what we've been missing."
Astronomers regularly observe supernovae in other galaxies like
ours. Based on those observations, researchers estimate about three
explode every century in the Milky Way.
"If the supernova rate estimates are correct, there should
be the remnants of about 10 supernova explosions that are younger
than Cassiopeia A," said David Green of the University of Cambridge
in the United Kingdom, who led the Very Large Array study. "It's
great to finally track one of them down."
The tracking of this object began in 1985, when astronomers, led
by Green, used the Very Large Array to identify the remnant of a
supernova explosion near the center of our galaxy. Based on its
small size, it was thought to have resulted from a supernova that
exploded about 400 to 1000 years ago.
Twenty-two years later, Chandra observations revealed the remnant
had expanded by a surprisingly large amount, about 16 percent, since
1985. This indicates the supernova remnant is much younger than
That young age was confirmed in recent weeks when the Very Large
Array made new radio observations. This comparison of data pinpoints
the age of the remnant at 140 years - possibly less if it has been
slowing down - making it the youngest on record in the Milky Way.
Besides being the record holder for youngest supernova, the object
is of considerable interest for other reasons. The high expansion
velocities and extreme particle energies that have been generated
are unprecedented and should stimulate deeper studies of the object
with Chandra and the Very Large Array.
"No other object in the galaxy has properties like this,"
Reynolds said. "This find is extremely important for learning
more about how some stars explode and what happens in the aftermath."
These results are scheduled to appear in The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala.,
manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate
in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls
Chandra's science and flight operations from the Chandra X-ray Center
in Cambridge, Mass.
Additional information and images are available at:
Media contacts: Jennifer Morcone 256-544-7199
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
Megan Watzke 617-496-7998
Chandra X-ray Center, Cambridge, Mass.


First UZH Space Hub Research Flight Campaign
This year the newly opened Innovation Park Zurich repurposed old hangars on the military airfield in Dübendorf into office space, creating a novel combination of airfield and laboratory. This site is now where the UZH Space Hub carries out joint research projects of the University of Zurich and its partners from air and space travel. “We want to provide science and innovation with straightforward access to space and make research take off,” says Oliver Ullrich, director of the Space Hub. “The UZH Space Hub’s unique combination of innovation park and airport can deliver important impulses for business, industry, science and innovation.”
Detecting plastic in water
Due to the adverse weather conditions on Monday, the zeppelin flight with UZH geographers on board had to be postponed: “It’s our goal to find plastic in water using highly specialized image sensors,” explains Andreas Hueni, who leads the Plastic Waste Mapping project of the Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL) at the Department of Geography of the University of Zurich. To achieve this, the researchers are using a special hyperspectral camera, which is attached to the zeppelin. This camera is expected to detect various plastic nets swimming in the ponds on Irchel Campus from the sky. The findings from this project can contribute to improving the identification of plastic pollution in the oceans.
Zero gravity research
For the third time an Airbus A310 ZERO-G will take off from Dübendorf as part of the Swiss Parabolic Flight campaign. The research flights have for the first time been expanded across two days as a result of the high demand. The parabolic maneuvers – repeated extreme ascents and nosedives – create zero gravity conditions for a duration of 22 seconds each. This allows researchers to gain significant insights into the effects of gravity on biological, chemical or physical processes without having to leave the planet’s atmosphere using rocket or space technology.
16 experiments in zero gravity
Parabolic flights have been an important part of research in zero gravity for years and are normally carried out by major space agencies such as the European Space Agency (ESA). The UZH Space Hub and the Swiss SkyLab Foundation are taking a different approach: The costs are shared by industry, academia and private persons. This one-of-a-kind model has succeeded in significantly reducing the costs for academia.
A total of 16 experiments have been carried out on Swiss parabolic flights since 2016. It’s thanks to these flights that scientists from Switzerland have been able to acquire research funding at a European level or complete their research projects on the International Space Station within a record-setting time of only three months.
On board: Chinese Academy of Sciences
On this year’s zero-gravity flights a number of scientific experiments of Swiss universities and industry will be carried out. For example, the Balgrist University Hospital will investigate the influence of weightlessness on the human muscoskeletal system, while UZH will examine how cells respond to changes in gravity. New research equipment for the International Space Station ISS will also be tested. The parabolic flights will also welcome international team of scientists: The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is set to test production processes for space application.


In a fairly joyless year of world events this NASA video is a welcome sight to us earth dwellers. Set to a song by Jason Mraz, the American singer-songwriter who first came to prominence on the San Diego coffee house scene in 2000, with the sort of thing James Taylor might have once written.
We are off the earth, for the earth. NASA and its international partners have successfully been living continuously on the International Space Station (ISS) for over 14 years. This “Home” in space gives us a tremendous view of earth our home. During 6 month missions to space, Astronauts and Cosmonauts are able to communicate with their families in their homes.
As NASA begins to explore beyond low earth orbit, “Home” will take on a whole new meaning. Home is inside of you, whether its Mars, the International Space Station, Earth, or where you hang your hat (space helmet).


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As a child, Nout had a fascination for the universe, encouraged by his “opa” (grandfather) who has a telescope and knows a lot about stars. I had an idea this theme would come up one day and I was right… last week Nout presented me the prompt for our drawings: “Starry skies, space, universe”. When “opa” (my dad) heard that Nout choose this theme he showed me the drawing Nout made for him in 2000…
Nout was 8 years old at the that time.
And here are last week’s results:
Drawings made by me (Marit)
(“bonuspoints” for the ones who know what this last drawing has to do with ‘univers/space’ 😉 )
Drawings made by Nout
Thanks for stopping by today, please leave us a comment, we’d like that!


Should a massive asteroid be on a trajectory to impact the Earth, there wont necessarily be any warning.
DailyStar reports that asteroid 2017-VL2 zipped past the Earth on November 9th, and NASA didn’t even notice.
While the size of the asteroid seems unintimidating, measured 12-36 meters wide, a direct impact could have annihilated an area the size of New York city.
The space-rock came within 76,000 miles of Earth, a very near miss given the astronomical metrics used to measure space.
And NASA didnt see it coming.


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There is a common misconception that beautiful photos of the night sky are a product of sleepless nights and you need to spend a lot of money on the device. But maybe you’re wrong: “Your only limit is your knowledge, not your wallet.” It was the advice of a friend of mine from Russia who created the beautiful astronomical picture ‘Tarantino Colors’. The following astrophotography tips may be obvious to you, but keep in mind that there are new people in astrophotography who can benefit from this information.
What do you need for astrophotography?
At a minimum you will need to have an astrophotography / astrophotography image that is a DSLR, a basic wide-angle camera lens, and a strong tripod. And let’s not forget it’s a remote timer to ensure there’s no vibration when shooting.
Generally, Full Frame cameras produce the best results because of the larger sensors, which offer a higher dynamic range and better noise performance than small sensors. Cameras like the Canon 6D, Nikon D750 and Sony A7S are an ideal example.
Here are some great lenses for astrophotography / astrophotography:
15-30MM F / 2.8 DI VC USD LENS
20MM F / 1.4 DG HSM ART LENS
24MM F1.4 AE LENS
Place sellection for shooting?
You can set up in your backyard, a balcony or any outdoor space covering a wide range of night sky
To find out the location of the galaxy you can use an application called Stellarium. Stellarium allows us to visualize the position of celestial bodies in an interactive panoramic image. One last thing to consider when planning a shoot is the weather. The weather may be unpredictable, so always check the cloud cover before you take a shot.
The settings on the camera are suitable for shooting astrophotography
+ Rule 500: In general, you want stars to be sharp unless you are shooting star trails. To avoid any noticeable star traces, use the 500 rule to calculate your maximum shutter speed. Max Shutter = 500 / focal length
For example, if you are using a 24mm lens on a full frame machine then: 500 / 24mm = 20.8 seconds
So, the maximum shutter speed you can use with a 24mm lens without getting noticeable star traces is 20 seconds.
+ The stars are the distant sun. If you want to capture their exact color, use white balance during the day. The camera can often see the colors of light blue, orange and sometimes dark red that your eyes will not see.
+ The camera lens needs to be in manual focus (MF) mode, because the stars are too dim and too small for the camera to automatically focus.
+ Take photos in RAW + JPEG large format. You can use JPEG to preview and process RAW words. Because stars are like high-contrast objects, optical aberrations in lenses are a leading element in spoiled photos. Many software packages can be edited somewhat for these software when editing in RAW format.
+ Lenses with a maximum aperture of about f / 2.8 can be considered as “large apertures”. However, in stellar photography, the difference in expressive power between f / 1.4 and f / 2.8 or f / 2.0 is larger than you think. To capture stars as dots from a fixed position, you need a wide-angle lens with exposure time set to 20 seconds or less. On a moonless night in the countryside, the standard ISO setting for f / 1.4 lens would be around ISO 800 to get a sufficient exposure in 20 seconds. On f / 2 and f / 2.8 lenses, this standard setting is about ISO 1600 and ISO 3200, respectively, to create images with rich color gradations, with little noise.


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2 edition of Determination of thunderstorm density by radio observations from a satellite found in the catalog.
Determination of thunderstorm density by radio observations from a satellite
Robert L. Kirkwood
|Statement||by Robert L. Kirkwood.|
|Series||Research memorandum -- RM-4417, Research memorandum (Rand Corporation) -- RM-4417..|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||23 p. :|
|Number of Pages||23|
AOS Satellite Meteorology Course Main Page About this Course. The analysis of satellite observations is critical in weather and climate studies. The United States and other countries are continually launching new satellites to improve our understanding of weather and climate. AN OPERATIONAL VHF BROADBAND DIGITAL INTERFEROMETER AND THUNDERSTORM OBSERVATIONS Takeshi Morimoto, Zen Kawasaki*, and Tomoo Ushio Lightning Research Group of Osaka University (LRG-OU), Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, .
Uranus (from the Latin name Ūranus for the Greek god Οὐρανός) is the seventh planet from the has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar is similar in composition to Neptune, and both have bulk chemical compositions which differ from that of the larger gas giants Jupiter and on: AU, ( Gm). Lightning data for this study were from the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (OK-LMA; Rison et al. ; Thomas et al. ; MacGorman et al. ) and the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN; Cummins and Murphy ).The OK-LMA consisted of 11 stations in central Oklahoma that detect impulsive VHF radiation in an unused television band from lightning channels of both IC Cited by:
BOOK CHAPTERS. Pasko, V. P., Y. Yair, and C. L. Kuo, Lightning related transient luminous events at high altitude in the Earth's atmosphere: Phenomenology, mechanisms. The satellite-based observing system is a critical component of GOS that supports routine operational weather reference, a list of the primary GOS observations used by NCEP in –13 is in appendix e conventional observing systems, such as radiosondes, are mostly confined to continental areas and a few isolated islands and mobile platforms aboard ships, oceanic Cited by: 5.
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A theoretical examination of the bands of electromagnetic radiation from a lightning stroke that may be detectable above the ionosphere. Consideration is given to the passage of radiation through the ionosphere, and to signal-to-noise ratios.
30 pp. Fig. 1 shows the time traces of all 30 LOPES antennas and the corresponding cross-correlation beam for an individual radio detected cosmic ray event.
The time distribution of the cross-correlation beam values (top panel of Fig. 1) is fitted with a Gaussian function in order to obtain the radio EAS observables, where the most important is the field strength value at the maximum of the Cited by: Atmospheric density calibration using satellite drag observations Article in Advances in Space Research 36(3) December with 47 Reads How we measure 'reads'.
Request PDF | The Ionospheric Effect on the Determination of Lightning Source Location using VHF Radio Waves by Satellite Remote Sensing | The well-developed thundercloud causes local downpours. This was a great book when it was written it was "THE" book for a while.
and it is still relevant now, but has been out written since. I bought it for under £ as it is a primary source in a number of radio ham books. It is difficult to get but it is cheap.
Ariel section has been "copied in other forms" in other texts and magazines.5/5(2). Empirical thermosphere neutral density models • Models: Jacchia, DTM78, DTM94, MSIS, NRLMSIS • Based on correlation of neutral density and temperature with space weather proxies (F, and Ap or kp).
• Density predictions are based on F and Ap predictionsFile Size: 1MB. The concept of using observations of satellite motions under the influence of drag for calibrating an empirical density model is not new.
Significant progress has already been made, most notably on the US Space Battlelab High-Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) project (Storz et al.,Casali and Barker,Bowman and Storz, ).Cited by: Atmospheric density determination has thus become an important topic for researchers.
Based on the relationship between the atmospheric drag force and the decay of the semi-major axis of the orbit, we derived atmospheric density along the trajectory of challenging mini-satellite payload (CHAMP) satellite with its rapid science orbit (RSO) : TingLing Ren, Juan Miao, SiQing Liu.
thunderstorm situation. Ground based systems have been developed which use this data to inspect cells from above, below and multiple viewing angles thereby being able to provide a more complete picture of the thunderstorm situation (e.g. Mueller et al, ). Thunderstorms can be detected from satellite observations due to their cold cloud tops and.
The differential code bias (DCB) of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver should be precisely corrected when conducting ionospheric remote sensing and precise point positioning. The DCBs can usually be estimated by the ground GNSS network based on the parameterization of the global ionosphere together with the global.
The radiometer carefully scans the Earth's surface by taking data about every piece of land as if it were reading a book line by line. Each "line" that the satellite scans is translated into a series of individual picture elements or pixels. For each pixel, the radiometer. Start studying Chapter 9 Meteo.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Weather observations made by most countries of the world are shared and distributed globally by international agencies A polar-orbiting satellite would provide a more detailed view of a severe thunderstorm than a.
The required electron density to excite a type III solar burst can be predicted from different theories, using the low frequency radio observations of the RAE-1 satellite. Electron flux measurements by satellite in the vicinity of 1 AU then give an independent means of comparing these predicted exciter electron densities to the measured density.
On this basis, one theory predicts the Cited by: detection and nowcasting is growing. The initial interest in the use of geostationary satellite data to identify thunderstorm growth and intensity took place from the 's through the 's.
Early analyses included stereoscopic and rapid scan observations of storm top morphology such as, measured rates of. True/False: Weather observations made by most countries of the world are shared and distributed globally by international agencies.
True A tall cumulonimbus cloud would appear _____ on a visible satellite and _____ on an infrared cloud picture. thunderstorm frequency, based on 10 years’ observations. A phenomenon not indicated by the map is the existence of secondary peaks in thunderstorm frequency in many regions. Rate of Change of Attenuation Experimental data related to the rate-of-change of attenuation is relatively ntly experimenters have not analyzedFile Size: 2MB.
Combining Satellite Microwave Radiometer and Radar Observations to Estimate Atmospheric Latent Heating Profiles by Mircea Grecu1, William S.
Olson2, Chung-Lin Shie1, Tristan S. L’Ecuyer3 and Wei-Kuo Tao4 1 Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of. A SATELLITE SYSTEM FOR RADIO ASTRONOMICAL MEASUREMENTS AT LOW FREQUENCIES B'Y._ K.
ALEXANDER t J. w 0 a I n v) c 0 AND R.G. STONE. E J - xo U ou I I- - AUGUST t GODDARD SPAN FlIGHT CENTER GREENBELT, MARYLAND 1 For presentation at the IAU Symposium No. 23 on "Astronomical Observations from Space vehicles", August- 20, This excellent, comprehensive book is far more than an introduction to satellite meteorology; it begins with the basics of radiation and a physical understanding of measurements from space and how they are converted to useful index.
Great material for upper-division undergraduate and graduate studentsChoiceCited by: PHY S – Earth Observations from Space, Spring Term (K. Strong) page Section 5. Observations of the Earth’s Atmosphere One of the most important applications of satellite measurements is remote sounding of atmospheric properties: •profiles of temperature •winds •profiles of trace gas concentrations •pressure at a File Size: KB.
Heymsfield, A. J., Bansemer, A., Field, P. R., et al. () Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: results from in situ observations in TRMM field by: Microsoft Word - Radio observations of Space Weather_Teacher Created Date: 10/13/ AM.Ground-based radio imaging (e.g.
Nançay radioheliograph observations) provide 2D information on the position of the radio emission in the low corona. 06/03/ NRH, MHz Radio triangulation is the only way to obtain the 3D information on the position of the radio emission in the interplanetary space.
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There’s a growing and passionate call for preserving radio silence on the far side of the moon.
A first-of-its-kind international symposium is being held this week, turning up the volume to mull over the prospect of protecting real estate on the moon’s far side exclusively for dedicated scientific purposes. Despite the moon being surrounding by a vacuum, there’s an air of urgency to the meeting.
Held under the auspices of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), the first IAA Moon Farside Protection Symposium is taking place March 21-22 in Turin, Italy. The goal of the gathering is to set off a wake-up call that engages the global scientific, political, and industrial community to be aware of a growing list of concerns.
Related: The moon could be perfect for cutting-edge telescopes — but not if we don’t protect it
Earth’s neighboring celestial body has the unique property of naturally shielding radio waves generated by chatter on Earth and around it. What some meeting organizer’s see is need for a radio silence zone, dubbing it a shielded zone on the moon.
That idea has been championed by Claudio Maccone of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (National Institute for Astrophysics). In December 2021, the IAA established a new permanent committee devoted to the moon far side protection, chaired by Maccone as IAA technical director.
Maccone and colleagues contend that the moon’s far side is a region of paramount scientific interest as it provides an environment free from the electromagnetic pollution typical on Earth.
Maccone points to the quickening pace of lunar missions by multiple nations that may well irreversibly compromise the current condition of the moon’s radio quietness.
Some of the branches of science that would greatly benefit from operating on the farside, Maccone explains, are cosmology, astrobiology, planetary defense, as well as the search for other intelligent life that might populate the heavens.
Science on the moon is already taking shape, says Jack Burns, professor emeritus in the department of astrophysical and planetary sciences at the University of Colorado, Boulder.
“Radio astronomy from the moon has begun,” Burns says.
NASA’s first radio telescope, ROLSES, was recently delivered to the lunar south pole by the Intuitive Machines Odysseus lander, Burns points out. ROLSES stands for Radio wave Observation at the Lunar Surface of the photo-Electron Sheath. He is a co-investigator on the ROLSES instrument now on the moon.
Furthermore, additional radio telescopes are scheduled to land on two other NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services landers in 2026: ROLSES-2 to the nearside and the Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment — Night (LuSEE-Night) to the far side. Burns is a LuSEE-Night co-investigator.
Years of anticipation
“After many years of anticipation, we are actively doing radio science from the moon. Thus, we also need to actively work to protect, in particular, the far side of the moon from radio frequency interference from lunar orbiting satellites and infrastructure on the lunar surface,” Burns tells Space.com.
This week’s moon far side protection workshop involves thought leaders in science, engineering, space policy, and space law, says Burns, to develop modern approaches to shielding the far side of the moon from anthropogenic radio emission.
“We need to preserve the far side for exciting science that includes measuring magnetic fields associated with potentially habitable exoplanets and uncovering the mysteries of the unexplored Dark Ages of the early universe — using low radio frequency observations.” Burns says.
There are a number of themes running through this week’s symposium.
In defining how several science branches benefit by a radio silence zone, the IAA’s Maccone flags top-tier exploration tasks:
Cosmology: To detect the extremely feeble radiation of the hydrogen line at 1,420 Megahertz and downshifted to much lower frequencies. The radio silence of the lunar far side would ensure a major leap forward in research.
Astrobiology: To study pre-biological interstellar molecules by searching for weak spectral lines utilizing advanced radio telescopes in combination with the radio silence of the moon’s far side.
Planetary defense: From the far side, radar and optical telescopes can be used for accurate measurements of near-Earth objects to augment the lead time of their detection and provide warning of a possible space rock pummeling our planet.
SETI and technosignatures: To search, with very low noise, for “signatures” of alien civilizations that would reach us extremely faint due to the vast distances between stars in the Milky Way, if not from other galaxies.
Recent lunar missions and, even more so, newer programs will bring more and more artificial systems around and on the lunar surface, occupying space and emitting radio waves at various frequencies, Maccone explains.
There are already international regulations and resolutions aimed at protecting any shielded zone on the moon — SZM in lunar lingo — such as International Telecommunication Union (ITU) radio regulations.
“However, it is of paramount importance to take a further step, both to extend the protected frequencies to encompass all other scientifically relevant ones — in addition to those already included — and to preserve a portion of the far side exclusively for scientific installations,” Maccone suggests.
There is a pressing need, says Maccone, to elevate regulations into enforceable and binding treaties for every space agency and private company.
Maccone adds that all objectives can only be pursued and achieved through diplomatic efforts involving spacefaring nations, current and future, from around the world.
The newly formed IAA committee and the symposium’s ultimate goal is to help form an international agreement, ideally under relevant specialized organizations, such as the ITU and the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, for example.
Richard Green is chair of the International Astronomical Union group delving into the issues of staging astronomy from the moon. He is also an assistant director for government relations at Steward Observatory, run by the University of Arizona in Tucson.
“I think this meeting is important because we can make some progress on a unified articulation of astronomy needs and suggested policy approach for the moon,” Green says.
Additionally, there is an immediate opportunity to do so, Green explains, through a proposed United Nations space scientific and technical subcommittee action team.
That UN action team would explore communication and collaboration for lunar activities and may well be approved at the full UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space gathering this June, Green observes.
Wild West scenario
— Moon group pushes for protection of ultraquiet lunar far side
— Radio telescope will launch to moon’s far side in 2025 to hunt for the cosmic Dark Ages
— China to launch 1st-ever sample return mission to moon’s far side in 2024
“My concern is that lunar projects are rapidly developing and are not coordinated,” says Joseph Silk, an astrophysicist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland and professor of physics at the Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris.
Science projects are in the forefront, Silk says, such as unique radio telescopes that can peer back in time to the dark ages of the universe. The far side offers a unique environment, he adds, and optical telescopes in permanently shadowed polar craters will eventually image the nearest exoplanets.
“Yet we are at risk of a Wild West scenario due to the rivalries between competing space agencies and commercial interests,” Silk tells Space.com. “The number of desirable lunar sites is limited. The last major outer space treaty dates to 1967, and has no means of enforcement. A new International space treaty is urgently needed,” he concludes.
Editor’s note: This story was update at 11:20 p.m. ET on March 21 to fix a typo: The hydrogen line is at 1,420 MHz, not 142 MHz.


An imaginary essay on a trip to the moon
I want some help writing about an imaginary trip to the moon, what i heard and touched show that the round-trip time for the light is 25 s essay writing. 510 words essay on how i prepared myself for a flight to the moon the rocket and the space craft in which i was to travel had 494 words short essay on the moon. Essay competition a trip to the moon prev article next article browse articles. A trip to the moon essay an analysis of the life experiences of the man who went to the moon and back in from the earth to the moon and around the moon by. Essays on imaginary trip to moon for students to reference for free use our essays to help you with your writing 1 - 60. If you've taken a film studies course, you've almost certainly seen the work of georges méliès his 1902 short a trip to the moon, at the top, which some cinema.
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Creative writing prompt : students are asked to imagine that they are travelling to the moon they must describe what it's like there and the things they did when. Disclaimer: this essay has been submitted by a student this is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers any opinions, findings.
An imaginary essay on a trip to the moon
A trip to the moon by gerson sanchez kids dream high of being an astronaut its a priceless dream that cant be bought im one of them one of those kids who dreamed. An imaginary trip to moon essay 09082017 essay comments: 0 it was his her film at the commodity both the support and mightiness power were sure lavish, tackling 10, 000 to swordplay and. Essays on my trip to the moon my trip to the moon search search results race to space the age of space exploration started in the 6th decade of the 20th century in the few years since.
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Make your very own DIY Fruity Pebbles Solar Eclipse Viewer for the Great American Eclipse of 2017. An easy-to-follow DIY Solar Eclipse Viewer you can make using tools you probably have lying around the house. This easy-to-make Solar Eclipse Viewer is perfect for families!
The 2017 Great American Eclipse
The 2017 Great American Eclipse is just days away from its debut on August 21rst, 2017 spanning across 12 states including South Carolina. My family will be seated at one of the best spots possible to view this bad boy and I cannot tell you how excited we are.
It’s not enough that my family will be having the last stretch of our 3-week long vacation on one of the most beautiful beaches in the United States. It’s an even more special treat that we will be able to view a total solar eclipse right from our balcony in our hotel room.
Did you know that the last total Solar eclipse of the Sun visible from the contiguous United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) since February 26, 1979?
Easy DIY Fruity Pebbles Solar Eclipse Viewer
Now I’m sure everyone knows that the actual lead-up to and after the total solar eclipse should not be done with the naked eye. While during the complete eclipse it is safe to view with the naked eye, it’s very imperative that you do follow the one rule of safety during this event.
Don’t be upset though there are many ways you are able to view the eclipse using specially marked glasses sold in many local stores near you. If you are a DIY mom like I am you will totally love how easy it is to make your own DIY Fruity Pebbles Solar Eclipse Viewer.
NASA-Approved DIY Solar Eclipse Viewer
With the solar eclipse coming up this Monday, August 21rst, 2017 for the first time since 2009, people are scrambling to find a way to watch this occasion, unfortunately, glasses are sold out at many retailers. Luckily, Post Fruity Pebbles has created a last-minute DIY so you can watch this year’s eclipse using a box of cereal and some other common household items. It is even NASA-approved!
In just a few simple steps, you can create your own pinhole projector, so when the eclipse comes on Monday, you won’t miss a second! I was able to create one with the kids and it didn’t take long at all. Especially since we always have Post Fruity Pebbles Cereal stocker in our pantry at all times.
DIY Fruity Pebbles Solar Eclipse Viewer
If you live in any of these states below you will definitely want to make your own DIY Fruity Pebbles Solar Eclipse Viewer. Make sure you are checking up-to-date times on NASA’s website which provides up-to-date Solar Eclipse Traffic information, as well as more ways to make the most of your location.
Best Seats In The House States:
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
Tip: You can play with the size of the hole in the aluminum foil, the bigger the hole the more of the sun you will be able to see on your white piece of paper at the bottom of the box. Be careful to not poke too big of a hole!
- Empty Fruity Pebbles Cereal Box - Or any Empty Cereal Box
- Pen or Pencil
- Piece of Paper
- Empty the box of cereal and feel free to munch on the Fruity Pebbles while you begin DIYing.
- Cut out a rectangle shape of white paper or cardboard that will fit snuggly inside the bottom of the box and tape into place. (I used the bottom of the box as an outline and just cut it slightly outside of the line I drew.)
- Cut a square shape on the left and right sides of the top of the box and tape up the center.
- Cover one of the square holes with aluminum foil and tape it into place.
- Using a small nail or pencil (I used my scissors), poke a small hole in the foil.
- When the eclipse comes, look through the open square, with your back facing the sun. A small image of the sun will be projected through the foil and onto the white paper inside the box. Remember, never look directly at the sun!


Stochastic Modeling of the Lunar Impact Environment
Purdue Undergraduate Research Exposition, Fall 2020
With the help of Dr. Ilias Bilionis
To advance the Resilient ExtraTerrestrial Habitat Institute’s goals of designing a habitat on a planetary surface, the exterior environment was modeled to test the system’s reactions to disturbances. This study followed a literature review characterizing the lunar impact environment performed in early 2020, and focused on turning that information into a model in the MATLAB programming language for use with other systems being developed by RETHi. The generation of impact events depends on a four-element Poisson process in space, time, mass, and velocity. The dependencies between these factors were taken into account when generating values. Covered in the report are the dependent factors, equations used, assumptions made, and resulting data generated. These results can be useful for any planetary surface impact model, but the Moon provides a wealth of data for generating exact values.
Risk Assessment and Literature Review of External Environment
Purdue Undergraduate Research Conference, Spring 2020
Extraterrestrial habitats have to survive under incredibly harsh environments. This project is meant to analyze the amount of damage done to an extraterrestrial habitat due to planetary dust interference and meteorite impacts. A set of specifications for robotic agents meant to correct the damage done to the system can be drawn from this research to help ensure the survival of the habitat. The habitat should be self-sustainable with these robots such that human interference is not necessary in the maintenance of the habitat.


COMMANDER COMET'S UNIVERSE
The Commander Comet stories are set in the 21st Century, say 2052, but it is the 21st Century as seen from 1950 rather than the one we are actually experiencing. Here's the timeline:
1959 First spaceship (atomic powered) travels from the Earth to the Moon (as in Heinlein's Destination Moon) 1960 Lunar base established 1962 First space station built in orbit around Earth 1966 Orbital missile platforms give U.S. effective control of Earth. Pax Americana is established. 1970 Soviet Union collapses. United Nations, under leadership of U.S., becomes effective world government. A long period of unrest begins, with many nationalists, ethnic or religious factions practicing guerrilla warfare and/or terrorism against their perceived enemies. 1972 First expedition leaves for Mars. Discovers ancient race of Martians, highly advanced but in decline for millennia. Martian population is very small and large areas of the planet are deserted. Martians permit settlers from Earth in their unoccupied territories. The human settlers quickly develop a special bond with the ancient Martians and soon identify themselves as Martians rather than Earthmen. The original Martians are rarely seen outside their few ancient cities, but somehow are felt as a powerful presence in the running of the planet. (Think of Heinlein's Red Planet) 1973 Expedition to Venus finds world circling jungles, swamps and shallow seas beneath constant cloud cover. Reptiloid life forms dominate, including primitive but intelligent Lizardmen. Cooler polar regions and high plateaus are home to mammalian life, including blue skinned humanoids. Blue Venusians' technology is at the early steam age, but they learn quickly and adapt to Earth technology easily. 1974-2020 Scientific and technological progress eliminates poverty and war on Earth and allows rapid expansion into the Solar System. Settlement of the Asteroid Belt, the Twilight Zone of Mercury, the moons of the outer planets and rogue planetoids produces countless small governments and independent worlds. Many of those leaving are the nationalists, ethnic or religious factions who had been using guerrilla warfare and/or terrorism in attempts to impose their particular views on the rest of humanity. When the rest of humanity declined in favor of individual liberty and peace, they fled into space to establish their own societies. All start out human, but mutation adapts some populations to the particular environments of their worlds. These are mostly minor. 2021 Earth, Mars and Venus form the Tri-Planetary League. Earth is the primary leader in the union, with Mars acting as a senior but mostly inactive member, and Venus as a junior member, since it is still behind Earth in both technology and population. The UN Spaceforce is reconstituted as the Rocket Patrol. 2033 The Tri-Planetary League becomes the Solar League when Mercury and an independent Luna are admitted as members. Peace, prosperity and universal education reduces the birth rate on Earth to below replacement level. That, combined with emigration, reduces the population to a level that allows the environment to recover. Vast areas of Earth are thinly populated and revert to wild state. The total population (Human, Martian and Venusian) of the Solar System stabilizes at approximately 10 billion (low birthrate but increased life span), but it is spread over so many worlds that overcrowding is no longer a concern. 2034-52 Unlimited atomic power and robotic factories make most worlds self-sufficient as far as the basics of life are concerned. Interplanetary trade is mostly tourists and specialty goods, but there is a fair amount of that -- enough to tempt pirates and warlords. Many of the non-League worlds are aggressive and greedy to expand their territory. This is especially true of the People's Republic of Ganymede. There is still work for the Rocket Patrol. Interstellar travel is not yet possible, but the discovery of an FTL drive could be made at any time. The invention of the ansible, a method of instantaneous communication at any distance, has laid the theoretical groundwork. And who knows when aliens from beyond the Solar System might arrive?
Technology is advanced, but limited to that which was standard sci-fi hardware in the '50s. Weapons consist of various kinds of "ray" guns, missiles and atomic bombs. Tractor and pressor beams are in use, as are force fields. Artificial and anti-gravity is possible. Metal alloys of advanced composition provide strength/weight ratios better than steel or anything currently known. Communication is by two-way television, the "televisor". Devices like the "gyrotron" perform necessary functions in unexplained ways, but their names suggest that they are futuristic developments of things we know, like the gyroscope. All of these need to be limited in capabilities to keep the stories manageable. If the technology becomes too powerful, it makes it too easy for the characters to accomplish anything, or if both sides are equipped with super-powerful technology the story becomes a battle of cosmic proportions and removes the human element.
Power is supplied by atomic energy. Whether this is fission, fusion or matter-antimatter reactions is not specified. Atomic energy behaves as it did in '50s sci-fi movies. The power it provides is virtually unlimited, fuel is never a concern and radiation has few harmful effects - except for occasionally melting dinosaurs out of icebergs or producing giant, mutated insects.
The most noticeable difference in technology will be in the area of computers. Few people in the 1950's, including science fiction writers, foresaw the rapid development of computer technology and the impact it would have on society. In the universe of Commander Comet, computers are still large, cumbersome devices using banks of vacuum tubes to perform calculations. Curiously, these coexist with humanoid robots that are not sentient but fairly autonomous. This is a paradox we do not bother to explain. Everyday calculations are done with a sliderule (though probably a circular rule, since they seemed cooler than the standard straight sliderule).
Spaceships, of course, are long and sleek rockets, streamlined like the ship in Destination Moon, that take-off and land vertically. They are atomic powered and seem to have an unlimited supply of reaction mass (I think they may use magnetic fields to gather the particles of the solar wind, sort of like a Bussard ramjet, but the exact functioning is not important). However, the supply may become limited whenever it is useful as a plot device. Spaceships accelerate constantly at 1 G, which means travel times between planets is very short. Earth to Mars is a trip of a few days. Even the outer moons can be reached in weeks.
THE ROCKET PATROL
The Solar League Rocket Patrol is a military organization whose purpose is to maintain order in the League, patrol the space lanes, and assist travelers in space. It is more like the Coast Guard than the Navy. Though well armed and disciplined, it is not organized or equipped to fight a major war. Fortunately, that is not an issue since there are no military forces in the Solar System more powerful than the Patrol. It is often necessary for the Patrol to combat the aggressive powers of the outer planets, and to fight pirates and warlords. It is perfectly capable of doing so. Individually, its ships are the most powerful in the System. But they are not numerous and sometimes face superior numbers of opponents. The capable, brave and disciplined Patrolmen can be counted on to win out in the end.
Back to the Commander Comet homepage.
All text, illustrations, photographs and design are © 2001-2002 Dan Thompson, except where otherwise noted.


Transfinder’s Eclipse Tips: Transporting Students in the Midst of the Eclipse
The country is abuzz about the total solar eclipse expected to cross North America on April 8, 2024. The U.S. path of the eclipse runs across 15 states, from Dallas, Texas at 1:23pm ET to Caribou, Maine at 2:22pm ET.
A number of schools in the eclipse’s 115-mile path are either having half days or closing altogether to avoid students traveling in in the dark or with potential issues that could be caused by distracted drivers peering at the eclipse.
If your school is staying open, here are some transportation tips to consider:
- Plan Ahead: Yes, we are just a few days out. But see what the timing and path of the eclipse is in your area. If possible, plan your transportation schedule accordingly to avoid being on the road during the peak of the eclipse
- Inform Parents and Students: Keep your parents informed about your plans. If you transportation remains unchanged, let them know. If you are making a change, share that information in multiple areas, through your parent app, like Stopfinder, on your website, on your transportation web page and via email
- Consider Safety Measures: As with every day, during your pre-trip inspections, pay extra attention to all lighting and safety equipment to ensure they are working properly. Consider a meeting with drivers about taking added precautions, similar to tips provided when driving in other poor-visibility conditions.
- Plan for potential traffic congestion as people may stop to view the eclipse. Because of the potential for poor visibility, it may take longer for drivers to complete their routes. Inform parents to be prepared for the potential for late buses.
- If you have a driver app such as Wayfinder, consider adjust the settings for nighttime driving for best viewing.
- Beyond transportation, educate students about the dangers of looking directly at the sun during an eclipse without proper eye protection. If possible, provide protective glasses for students to enjoy the ride in the midst of the eclipse.
- Stay up-to-date with weather forecasts and any relevant safety advisories leading up to and during the eclipse. Be prepared to adjust transportation plans accordingly if weather conditions become hazardous. Inform parents in advance that changes may need to be made.
And take heart, the next total solar eclipse isn’t until Aug. 23, 2044, two decades from now. Today’s students will have nice stories to share with their families about where they were when the total solar eclipse of 2024 took place.


Stargazers take in summer nights at Fort Pickens
Kids are out of school for the summer, taking over Pensacola area beaches and most accessible picnic areas well into the night, blaring Taylor Swift, Drake, or whatever their musical pop preference may be.
Marching to their own beat in a less crowded section of the shore are members of the Escambia Amateur Astronomer's Association and their guests, fans of the night skies who attend occasional stargazing sessions on Friday and Saturday nights at the Battery Worth picnic site at Ft. Pickens.
"It's hard to see stars in the city," Judy Connally of Birmingham said. Judy and husband Joe decided to take advantage of the stargazing event last Friday while vacationing on the beach with their family.
"They gave us all the information at the gate when we came into Ft. Pickens," Judy's daughter, Abby Connally said. "Stargazing is always been something I've been interested in, ever since I studied astronomy in college- plus it was convenient that it was happening right here on the beach."
The EAAA, started in 1976, is a non-profit educational organization that holds the events throughout the summer. some inside Ft. Pickens, and others at the Casino Beach Pavilion, depending on the current schedule of beach events and when the stars might be most visible.
A small crowd formed in the parking lot of the Battery Worth area last Friday, while several members from the Astronomer's Association set up various telescopes and tables offering flyers of star charts and sky calendars.
Around 60 people lined up to look through the different telescopes, ranging in magnification and size, each pointed at a different star or planet, so attendees would have a chance to see mix of everything visible in the sky.
"When I heard Stargazing, I thought maybe we might see Tom Hanks or Venus Williams or something," Joe Connally said, laughing, as he and his family made their way toward the telescope offering a crisp view of Jupiter.
Upon hearing the mention of Venus, Williams or otherwise, Dewey Barker, the events coordinator for the Astronomer's Association immediately perked up and joined the conversation, providing facts and viewing suggestions for the cloud bands around Venus, while pointing his high-power laser pointer at the sky to help viewers distinguish the precise areas he referenced.
"I always had an interest in the stars when I was younger, but I didn't have a telescope," Barker said. "In 1997 the Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner Rover released a lot of photos from their Mars mission."
After seeing the photos released from the Sojourner Rover, Barker revisited his childhood interest in space and stars, and found out about the local astronomer's association in Pensacola.
"When I had first joined, I felt then that there was a little more we could be doing," Barker said.
The club members would often get together and have viewing events in Molino or other remote areas with minimal light pollution, but there was very little involvement with the community or interaction with people outside of the association and its members.
Members of the association decided five years ago to try free public get-togethers for the community at the beach- something to get more people involved and excited about gazing.
"I saw the cloud bands around Venus," Abby Connally said, after stepping away from the large telescope Barker was manning, "And three of the four Galileo moons around Jupiter."
Want to go?
Nights this summer that the EAAA will be hosting stargazing events:
June 19, 20
July 24, 25
August 21, 22
September 18, 19
October 16, 17
Visit the following sites for more information:


Summertime is prime time for astrophotography. Snapping shots of the milky way is tricky, but totally doable when armed with the right info and tools.
So, how about them tools and info, eh?
- DSLR or even a decent point ‘n shoot.
- Tripod or any way to keep your camera rock steady.
- Compass. Try an app! (Apple/Android)
- Find a super dark area near you using this Dark Sky Finder.
- Try to go either when the moon is hiding (before it rises or after it sets) or during a New Moon.
- For a perfectly focused stars, don’t go over 30s shutter speed.
- For light streaking stars, shoot at 30s or higher.
- Use a remote shutter or set up a timer prior to each shot.
Even Moar Info:
Check out this write-up on astrophotography, it’s full of excellent tips and ideas.
Photo by Sarah & Colin’s Astrophotography


Following the discovery of a new form of space travel as well as Meg’s father’s disappearance, she, her brother, and her friend must join three magical beings – Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which – to travel across the universe to rescue him from a terrible evil.
Meg Murry and her little brother, Charles Wallace, have been without their scientist father, Mr. Murry, for five years, ever since he discovered a new planet and used the concept known as a tesseract to travel there. Joined by Meg’s classmate Calvin O’Keefe and guided by the three mysterious astral travelers known as Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who and Mrs. Which, the children brave a dangerous journey to a planet that possesses all of the evil in the universe.


McAvene's planets were featured at the 100th Year Anniversary Party for the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, on March 4th 2016. The planets defied gravity above guests as they dined and celebrated the Museums birthday. IDO Events designer Tamara Jensen hired McAvene with the big bang celestial vision in mind. The planets were created originally for the Santa Barbara Summer Solstice Parade (see video in TV) and required refurbishing and retrofitting to be used as decorative pieces for the Museums Party.
Mission Creek Gala
Initiated in 2000, the annual Mission Creek Gala is a festive evening to celebrate the work of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History and generate support for its scientific and educational mission of inspiring a passion for the natural world.
The Mission Creek Gala sustains the Museum's outstanding education program which touches the lives of 20,000 school children each year through school tours, classes, storytelling, camps, the Nature Collection lending library, and outreach at the Mission Canyon campus and Sea Center.
In celebration of the Museum’s Centennial year in 2016, the Mission Creek Gala will be an extraordinarily special event. Committee members from the past 16 Galas were invited to return to help create this unique, once in a lifetime fundraiser. Guests can expect beautiful décor, sumptuous cuisine, and dancing into the evening, all to raise funds for the incredible Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Please call 805.682.4711 ext. 109 with any questions


The air around South Lawn was 89 degrees and buzzing with slow-burning anticipation. WKU students lounged on blankets and in lawn chairs waiting for the first moments of a total solar eclipse — the first visible from the contiguous United States since 1979 and the first of its kind spanning from coast-to-coast since 1918.
On Monday, Aug. 21, WKU postponed the start of classes to allow its students and faculty to experience the “Great American Eclipse.” WKU and other community organizations, such as Chaney’s Dairy Barn, hosted events throughout the day for people to experience the event as a community.
Among the activities sponsored by Student Activities were inflatable obstacle courses, laser tag, and a lineup of local bands who performed throughout the day. Bowling Green hip hop duo Waco Bell kicked off the day with a performance in the hour leading to the eclipse’s totality. In addition to their usual lyrics, the group replaced occasional lines with repetitions of the word “eclipse” in rhythm with the beat.
The sound of their mellow bass mingled with booming echoes from the announcer in Smith Stadium, where students from local school districts gathered to maximize their viewing time.
Stragglers wandered around the lawn and glanced occasionally to the sky, their eclipse viewers at the ready.
The clock at Guthrie Bell Tower stuck once to signal the hour.
With 27 minutes to go until totality, the sun looked like a mere crescent. Guests filtered out of the air-conditioned mezzanine of the stadium and into the heat outside, which had become darker in the eclipse’s wake. Among them were Bowling Green community members, WKU alumni and guests from out of town who traveled to witness the event.
Eric Merdian, a senior at Atherton High School, drove two hours to photograph the eclipse. He carried a tripod and a camera body with a solar filter taped to the lens. He said he was most excited to take photos of the eclipse’s totality.
“I’ll actually be able to remove the filter — sort of like you won’t have to look at it through this,” Merdian said, gesturing to the eclipse viewer around my neck. “[The sun will be] completely covered, and you might be able to see the radiation from the sun if you look at it the right way.”
The “radiation” Merdian referred to was the sun’s corona. According to the WKU eclipse website, the sun’s corona is a halo of light rays that emanate from the sun but are normally too faint to see in contrast to the sun itself.
Provost David Lee said WKU was a unique place to experience the eclipse in that it was the only four-year university in Kentucky in the path of totality. Lee viewed the eclipse with his wife and his daughter, who traveled from Cincinnati with a friend.
“It’s the first day of classes [and] it’s the first day of classes with President Caboni,” Lee said. “It’s a pretty significant way to start a lot of new things.”
Lee said it was important for WKU students to have the day off, so they could experience the event as a community.
“This is such a special, unique, unusual thing,” Lee said. “I think that even if we tried to have classes, everybody would’ve been distracted, everybody would’ve been thinking about something else. So this is a unique and important academic event, and it’s important that students are free to focus on that for the day.”
Many WKU students, including Bardstown sophomore Erika Clark, invited family from out of town to witness the spectacle. Clark was joined by five of her family members including her aunt and young cousins.
Clark said witnessing the eclipse at WKU was special because of the opportunity for the community to come together to share the experience.
As the eclipse neared totality, the moon began to edge itself over the last visible surface of the sun, creating the effect of a 360-degree sunset on the horizon. A cheer rang throughout the campus, echoing from South Lawn to the stadium. The temperature dropped as the lawn was plunged into total darkness, and insects began to chirp. The audience dropped their glasses to witness totality with the naked eye.
The cheers and expressions of awe lasted roughly 57 seconds before the emcee at the stadium instructed everyone to reposition their solar viewers.
Afterwards, a group of students on South Lawn described the experience as “surreal … like a sci-fi movie.” The group was still buzzing with excitement, rehashing the event and finishing one another’s sentences.
“The moon blocked out the sun —”
“And there was a sunset … over the field —”
“Yes! And it was 1:30!”
Among them was Atlanta sophomore Savannah Russ, who said she felt it was special to experience the eclipse at WKU.
“We could have gone anywhere else, but Bowling Green just happened to have it,” Russ said. “You feel lucky.”