One of the stunning features of Sierra Lago is just how dark it gets at night. Far from the light contamination of urban areas, the stars and moon are impressively clear, even with the naked eye. During our Night with the Cosmos activity, you will be able to use the telescope to take a closer look at the constellations and planets that make their transits across the heavens, as well as, the surface of the moon. Our guide will help you locate the planets that are visible and name the constellations that you can see.
This activity changes location and time depending on when and where the moon rises, as well as, the position of the most interesting planets - you will be informed by the activities team of the location each Thursday. Remember to bring a scarf for the cold and to protect your neck when looking upwards.


The Astronomy Club is a club which gazes at the stars. The headquarters is located in the old observatory at the top of a mountain, you can reach the top by bus but the last stop is at 8:30PM.
The Astronomy Club also houses some witches because they don't have any other place for shelter. Members of the Astronomy Club are the protagonists and main characters of the story.
- To create the medicine DR623G aka Death Suppressants. (Completed)
- To help all magicians by mass producing DR623G.
- Ryouta Murakami (President)
- Kuroha Neko (Vice President)
- Kana Tachibana (Mascot)
- Kotori Takatori
- Hatsuna Wakabayashi
- Kazumi Schlierenzauer (Deceased)
The Astronomy Club usually hangs out in the old observatory


Hawking Libri Amazon
9/20/ Directed by Stephen Finnigan. With Stephen Hawking, Arthur Pelling, Finlay Macrae, Nathan Chapple. Hawking is the extraordinary story of the planet's most famous living scientist, told for the first time in his own words and by those closest to him. Made with unique access to Hawking's private life, this is an intimate and moving journey into Stephen's world, both past and present. The Universe In A Nutshell (English, Hardback) Stephen Hawking. Professor Stephen Hawking has been at the heart of this new scientific renaissance. Now, in The Universe in a Nutshell, beautifully illustrated with original artwork commissioned for this project, Stephen Hawking brings us fully up-to-date with the advances in scientific thinking. 4/13/ Directed by Philip Martin. With Benedict Cumberbatch, Michael Brandon, Tom Hodgkins, Christian Rubeck. A drama documenting the life and work of the theoretical physicist Professor Stephen Hawking who, despite being diagnosed with motor neurone disease at the age of 21, has galvanized the scientific world with his ground-breaking work on the nature of the universe. Stephen Hawking (Editor) (shelved 1 time as stephen-hawking) avg rating — ratings — published Stephen Hawking proves to be an entertaining storyteller in this autobiographical documentary in which, with the help of two cowriters, he takes us on a trip through his prorsk.rury: biography, documentary, comedy.
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Scaricare Hawking Libri Amazon - Hawking (2013) - IMDb
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Stephen Hawking - Wikipedia, Den Frie Encyklopædi
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Books By Stephen Hawking (Author Of A Brief History Of Time)
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Gli eBook scaricabili gratuitamente (e legalmente) dal web sono tantissimi. Naturalmente è possibile questi libri gratis anche sul cellulare. Dr. David R. Hawkins eddig megjelent könyvei online kedvezménnyel, Dr. David R. Hawkins akciós könyvei, előrendelhető könyvek. Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (8 January – 14 March ) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.
He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between and Home» Libro» [Libri gratis] Il grande disegno [PDF] [Libri gratis] Il grande disegno [PDF] vendita on line libri Il grande disegno, libri best seller Il grande disegno, libri classici Il grande disegno. Il grande disegno. Schriftsteller: ISBN: 3/14/ Hawking’s most famous book was first published in It went on to sell more than a million copies in its first year, a remarkable achievement for a book about science.
dic - Esplora la bacheca "Hawking" di Stefano Castelli su Pinterest. Visualizza altre idee su stephen hawking, scienziati, bosone di higgs pins. - Explore Blurryface's board "Stephen hawking quotes", followed by people on Pinterest. See more ideas about stephen hawking quotes, stephen hawking, quotes pins. Along the way Hawking and Mlodinow question the conventional concept of reality, posing a "model-dependent" theory of reality as the best we can hope to find.
And they conclude with a riveting assessment of M-theory, an explanation of the laws governing us and our universe that is currently the only viable candidate for a complete "theory of. With an active marketplace of over million items, use the Alibris Advanced Search Page to find any item you are looking for.
Through the Advanced Search, you can find items by searching specific terms such as Title, Artist, Song Title, Genre, etc or you can narrow your. Stephen Hawking has 70 books on Goodreads with ratings.
Stephen Hawking’s most popular book is A Brief History of Time. Following their New York Times- bestselling graphic novel Feynman, Jim Ottaviani and Leland Myrick deliver a gripping biography of Stephen Hawking, one of the most important scientists of our time.
From his early days at the St Albans School and Oxford, Stephen Hawking. 1/4/ Stephen Hawking, English theoretical physicist whose theory of exploding black holes drew upon both relativity theory and quantum mechanics. In the s Hawking contracted amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an incurable degenerative neuromuscular disease, but he continued to work despite its disabling effects.
CHAPTER 1 OUR PICTURE OF THE UNIVERSE € A well-known scientist (some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast.
The Stephen Hawking Estate congratulate Sir Roger Penrose winning the Nobel Prize Read More. National Geographic - Genius Docuseries Now on Disney + Read More. Roger Penrose Lecture Read More. It can be done - An Earth Day Message Read More. Using Less Energy -. Stephen Hawking ( – ) is an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist and author. He is best known for his attempts to explain in clear terms the origins of the universe and some of the most complicated aspects of the cosmos and physics.
Hawking was the first scientist to offer a theory of cosmology explained by [ ]. Stephen Hawking was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge for thirty years and the recipient of numerous awards and honors including the Presidential Medal of prorsk.ru books for the general reader include My Brief History, the classic A Brief History of Time, the essay collection Black Holes and Baby Universes, The Universe in a Nutshell, and, with Leonard 4/5(8).


Black holes, the enigmatic cosmic entities that defy our understanding of physics and space, have been a source of fascination and curiosity for scientists and enthusiasts alike. These celestial objects possess gravitational forces so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape their grasp, making them invisible and challenging to study. In this unique and SEO-friendly blog, we will embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of black holes, exploring their formation, properties, and the groundbreaking discoveries that have revolutionized our understanding of the universe.
What are Black Holes?
A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so intense that nothing, not even electromagnetic radiation like light, can escape its clutches. This phenomenon occurs when a massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel and collapses under its gravity, resulting in a singularity, a point of infinite density at the heart of the black hole.
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Formation of Black Holes:
Black holes can form through various processes, each leading to different types. Stellar black holes, for instance, are born when a massive star undergoes a supernova explosion, shedding its outer layers and leaving behind a compact remnant that collapses into a black hole. Supermassive black holes, found at the centers of galaxies, are thought to grow over time by absorbing matter and merging with other black holes.
Event Horizon: The Point of No Return:
The event horizon is a defining feature of black holes, marking the boundary beyond which escape becomes impossible. Once an object crosses the event horizon, it is forever trapped, and no information about its fate can ever reach an outside observer. This phenomenon has given rise to the famous concept of “spaghettification,” where objects elongate due to the tidal forces near a black hole.
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Black Hole Observations and Discoveries:
Despite their elusive nature, scientists have made remarkable progress in studying black holes. Through a combination of gravitational wave detectors, radio telescopes, and X-ray observatories, astronomers have detected and studied black holes indirectly, unveiling new insights into their properties and behavior. The 2019 image of the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy was a groundbreaking achievement in the field.
Black Holes and the Mysteries of the Universe:
Black holes are more than cosmic anomalies; they play a crucial role in shaping galaxies, stellar evolution, and even the fabric of spacetime. Studying black holes helps us understand fundamental questions about the universe, such as the nature of dark matter, the expansion of the cosmos, and the unification of gravity with other forces.
The mysteries of black holes continue to captivate and challenge our understanding of the universe. These cosmic enigmas, born from the remnants of massive stars, represent some of the most extreme phenomena in the cosmos. As scientists continue to push the boundaries of knowledge and technology, we can anticipate even more groundbreaking discoveries that will shed light on these mysterious and awe-inspiring celestial objects, revealing new insights into the fundamental nature of space, time, and the universe.


Total Solar Eclipse Day!
It’s safe to say the U.S. is in the grips of solar eclipse fever. In fact, UPI reports that the rare event could lead to one of the largest mass migrations of all time, as a conservative estimate of two to seven million people may travel to get a proper view of the eclipse. The fervor is due to the fact that so much of the U.S.–a swath 70 miles wide and 2,800 miles long–is in the so-called path of totality, where the moon will completely cover the sun.
Anyone who doesn’t want to risk damaging their eyes (or who can’t get out of work) have options to watch the eclipse online. NASA will be running a stream starting at noon EST on Facebook, YouTube, UStream and via its app. San Francisco’s Exploratorium’s will also be running a stream from locations in Oregon and Wyoming, while an astronomy website called Slooh is doing a whopping five-hour live broadcast at Slooh.com starting at 11:30 a.m. EST. (Read more about how to watch the eclipse live from LA Times)
- Diamond ring effect: About 15 seconds before the moon completely covers the sun, only a tiny crescent of sunshine is left and the sun’s faint upper atmosphere begins to come into view. Around this time, the sliver of bright sunlight transitions into a stunning burst around the sun’s edge to create a diamond ring effect.
- Baily’s beads: In the final seconds before and after totality, a series of white glowing dots of sunlight known as Baily’s beads–named for astronomer Francis Baily–appear along the edge of the moon’s silhouette.
- Solar flares: Just as the moon begins to totally cover up the sun, titanic flares called solar prominences become visible and peek out from the edge of the darkening disc.
- The corona: The moments when the moon fully covers the sun is the only time people on Earth can see the corona–the pastel-colored rings around the sun–without special equipment.
- Planets and stars: On August 21, Venus and Jupiter will appear the brightest, as they will sit nearly halfway across the open sky during the eclipse. Mars and Mercury will be much closer to the sun and visible.
Powerball officials say there was no grand prize winner in the latest drawing, meaning one of the nation’s largest lottery jackpots will continue growing. No ticket matched all six numbers following Saturday night’s drawing. The winning numbers are: 17, 19, 39, 43, 68 and Powerball 13. The new jackpot for Wednesday’s drawing is $650 million, which would be the third-largest jackpot in U.S. history. The prize has grown so large because no one has matched all six balls in more than two months, 21 straight drawings, so the jackpot has grown after every drawing. The odds of winning the giant prize is one in 292.2 million. (Read more from NBC News)
Taylor Swift, one of the most popular celebrities on social media, wiped all her accounts on Friday, sending fans into a frenzy over whether the pop singer had been hacked, was preparing to launch a new album, or was about to reinvent herself. Swift, who has 85 million Twitter followers and 102 million Instagram followers, deleted all of her Instagram photos, her posts on Tumblr, and removed her avatar from her Facebook page where all postings prior to December 2015 were missing. She also deleted years of Twitter posts, and her website showed just a black screen. The normally ever-present Swift largely dropped out of public view earlier this year after a highly-publicized but short-lived 2016 summer fling with Tom Hiddleston, and feuds with Kim Kardashian, Kanye West and Katy Perry.
Last week, Hillary Scott and Lady A bandmate Dave Haywood announced that they both have new babies on the way. But Hillary had a little extra news that wasn’t announced at the time. She’s expecting not one but two babies! The singer took to Instagram to share her happy news that she’s expecting twins with a sweet video of her and husband Chris Tyrrell explaining to their daughter that she’s about to be a big sister.
God has answered our family's countless prayers! Our family is growing…Chris, Eisele, and I wanted to share our DOUBLE portion of joy with you all! We appreciate all the love and prayers in the coming weeks as we wait (somewhat patiently if you're Chris and I, and impatiently if you're Eisele 😂) for these precious BABIES to arrive. Yep, babies! We are having TWINS! It's truly a miracle. Because we've been so open about our last pregnancy loss and journey, I want to be fully transparent with you that this happened naturally. Chris nor I have any family history of twins that we can find and are just resting in the profound gift this truly is. My heart still grieves for our loss and all who are struggling with pregnancy and infant loss and infertility. God hears every prayer and I will continue to share our story to point to the Source of all life, peace and comfort in the best and most difficult of times. Don't lose hope! Thank you @hodgesusry for capturing this priceless moment and make sure you swipe to see all the sweet moments @montgomeryleephoto captured on the day we told Eisele. Love and blessings to all! The Tyrrell's


When you know what to plant next to this or...
About Planting By The Moon
Long before modern technology came along, gardeners and farmers during ancient times relied on other principles to guide their agricultural efforts. The lunar cycle was one of many important principles that farmers relied on to perform specific gardening activities such as seed sowing, transplanting, and pruning. Today, you will come across many gardeners who still swear by this method.
Applying the lunar cycle to your gardening efforts is very simple and there are no real major downsides to trying it out. In the following infographic by Organic Lesson, you can learn the basics of planting by the moon and also learn about the factors of the cycle that affect gardening.
There is actually more than one type of lunar gardening principles but the most common one is called the synodic method. The other methods are called the biodynamic method and the sidereal method. Those methods are less common as they require a strong knowledge of astrology. For example, the biodynamic method uses the constellations in the sky in order to determine when one should engage in specific gardening activities. The synodic method, on the other hand, only requires gardeners to know what period of the lunar cycle their location is in. That information can be easily found online on websites that feature information on different time zones.
To truly understand how the synodic method works, it is important to know the main factors of the moon that affects gardening. The most important factors are the gravitational pull of the moon and the intensity of the moonlight. The intensity of each factor varies by each of the four lunar phases.
The first phase of the lunar cycle is called the new moon. During this particular period, the sun and moon are in approximate alignment. As a result, the gravitational pull of the moon increases.
Based on Newton’s Law of gravity, researchers suggest that the flow of moisture in the soil becomes more efficient as the gravitational pull increases. Since plants, like any other living organism, require water to grow and survive, the greater efficiency of the moisture flow aids the growth of the plant. For gardeners, the recommendation during the new moon is to start growing above-ground crops like lettuce, broccoli, and cauliflower.
In the 2nd quarter of the lunar cycle, the intensity of the moonlight starts to increase with the alignment of the moon and sun moving further apart. According to one theory, moonlight aids seed germination and leaf growth. Hence, it is recommended for gardeners to start growing above-ground crops that produce seeds inside the fruit like tomatoes and beans.
It is also recommended that you start growing leafy plants like lettuce and spinach. During the 2nd quarter, it is thought that the increasing energy of the moonlight is directed into the leaves, which aids processes like photosynthesis.
During the full moon, gravitational pull of the moon starts to increase again, while the intensity of the moonlight starts to decrease. Since there isn’t much to gain from the moonlight, it is recommended for gardeners to start planting root crops like carrots and potatoes. If needed, gardeners should also do their plant transplants during this particular period because the efficiency of the moisture flow is getting strong again.
During the 4th quarter, both the intensity of the moonlight and lunar gravity starts to decrease. There isn’t much to gain when you start to grow new plants during this particular period. Hence, it is recommended that this is the best time for gardeners to harvest crops. If you own a real lawn, it is also recommended that you mow the grass during the 4th quarter of the lunar cycle.
When you read more about this topic, it definitely helps to understand common terms that apply to lunar gardening. For example, two terms used often for the lunar cycle are waxing and waning. When the moon goes through a waxing phase, this means that the illumination of the moon is increasing.
Waning, on the other hand, refers to when the illumination of the moon decreases. Hence, the time period between the new moon and 2nd quarter is most often referred to as a waxing phase, while the period between the 2nd quarter and the full moon is referred to as a waning phase.
Ultimately, the gardening choices you have to make would also differ by location.
For example, if you have one gardeners living in Northern Canada and another living in the South of the United States, they won’t necessarily be able to grow the same types of crops since other important factors have to be taken into account such as the soil type and weather condition. If you do decide to reference the lunar cycle the next time you start a garden, think of it as one of many important strategies that you would consider to maximize the yield of crop.
It is a well-known fact that aloe can heal...
Even if you do not know about the hibiscus aka...
You have probably heard about the hibiscus tea...


Have you ever stopped to wonder if the universe we live in is really the only one that exists? In fact, our universe may only be one of an infinite number of universes that make up a multiverse . As far as we know, there’s a single expanding bubble of spacetime dotted with trillions of galaxies, and that’s our universe. And if there really are others, there is still no evidence of their existence.
However, the theories of cosmology, quantum physics and the philosophy of science itself have some problems that could be solved if this bubble considered as the “all” were not really the all. This is not to say that other universes exist, but what if they do?
Theorizing what the universe is may seem like a simple thing to do, but different areas of science will take slightly different approaches to what the universe is.
Cosmologists describe it as the total mass of things that have been slowly expanding from a highly concentrated volume over the past 13.77 billion years. And that he gets more and more disordered with age.
Furthermore, the universe spans 93 billion light years from end to end. At least, if based on visible things that are possible to detect somehow. And beyond that limit there are things we can’t see, which is an infinite extension of nothing or, in the unlikely scenario that the universe bends in on itself, a round trip to its beginning.
In quantum physics, the universe can refer to all fields and their particles and their combined influences on each other. As a general rule, a universe is a closed system. This means that he cannot suddenly gain a significant amount of energy.
And philosophically speaking, the universe can be a discrete set of fundamental laws that govern the behavior of everything that is observed. So the universe would be defined by its own rules that define its unique speed for light, tell its particles how to push or pull or else how to expand.
The multiverse is a term used to describe a hypothetical set of universes that are possible, including the one we live in. This totality of universes also corresponds to the totality of space, time, matter, energy and constant laws of physics. We’re used to seeing this multiverse concept in various science fiction plots, but this idea is also an extrapolation of some science theories.
As well as variations in theories about what the universe is, there are also variations in what would make up a multiverse. Precisely because the very definition of the universe depends on some kind of physics that keeps the influencing factors separate, it is difficult to imagine ways to observe the existence of a brother to the universe.
And any experiment that was done to try to find one would have to have some sort of fence with some holes that would allow particles or energy to leak out, both in and out.
So far there’s still no good reason to think we’re unique. That’s because scientists are still learning how our own universe works. And the gaps in physics can be filled without having to imagine a reality different from ours.


SpaceX Dragon launched to space station
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – A commercial cargo ship rocketed into orbit Sunday in pursuit of the International Space Station, the first of a dozen supply runs under a mega-contract with NASA.
It was the second launch of a Dragon capsule to the orbiting lab by the California-based SpaceX company. The first was last spring.
This time was no test flight, however, and the spacecraft carried 1,000 pounds of key science experiments and other precious gear on this truly operational mission. There also was a personal touch: chocolate-vanilla swirl ice cream tucked in a freezer for the three station residents.
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Washington, Aug 28 : Astronomers using NASA’s Hubble telescope have found that the nearest galaxy to Earth that hosts a quasar is powered by two central black holes furiously whirling about each other.
The finding suggests that quasars – the brilliant cores of active galaxies – may commonly host two central supermassive black holes, which fall into orbit about one another as a result of the merger between two galaxies, reports IANS.
Like a pair of whirling skaters, the black-hole duo generates tremendous amounts of energy that makes the core of the host galaxy outshine the glow of its population of billions of stars, which scientists then identify as quasars.
Scientists looked at the observations of ultraviolet radiation emitted from the center of Markarian 231 (Mrk 231) to discover what they describe as “extreme and surprising properties.”
Mrk 231 is located 600 million light-years away.
“We are excited about this finding because it not only shows the existence of a close binary black hole in Mrk 231 but also paves a new way to systematically search binary black holes via the nature of their ultraviolet light emission,” explained Youjun Lu from National Astronomical Observatories of China at Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The central black hole is estimated to be 150 million times the mass of our Sun and the companion weighs in at four million solar masses.
The dynamic duo completes an orbit around each other every 1.2 years.
“The structure of our universe, such as those giant galaxies and clusters of galaxies, grows by merging smaller systems into larger ones, and binary black holes are natural consequences of these mergers of galaxies,” added co-investigator Xinyu Dai from University of Oklahoma.
The binary black holes are predicted to spiral together and collide within a few hundred thousand years.
The results were published in the Astrophysical Journal.


Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong of the lunar module Eagle decended the steps and was the first person to physically touch the moon at 10:56 p.m. eastern daylight time, July 20, 1969. With that step came the historic words heard by an estimated 600 million television viewers, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind."
Armstrong was joined later by Air Force Colonel Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. Together, with a camera rolling and the world watching, they placed a plaque which read, "Here men from the planet Earth first set foot upon the moon July, 1969, A.D. We came in peace for all mankind." The men then planted an American flag made of metal on the lunar surface, stepped back, and saluted.
The entire flight from Cape Kennedy, Florida in the command ship Columbia and it's attached lunar module Eagle took three days. (The two individual space modules were collectively named Apollo 11.) Upon establishing orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin donned white pressurized suits and, leaving the third member of the party, Lt. Colonel Michael Collins, on the Columbia began their descent. The descent to the moon was originally going to be automated, however due to mechanical problems and the fact that they were headed toward a rocky landing site, Armstrong gained manual control and directed the module to a safe landing site in the Sea of Tranquility. Upon touchdown he radioed, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed." A nervious world breathed a sigh of relief.
After completing more than 21 1/2 hours on the moon, the historic craft left the moon, redocked with the Columbia, and came home, splashing down in the Pacific Ocean at 12:50 eastern daylight time on July 24.


Sun SITE @
The University of British Columbia
The Solar eclipse sequence on our
was captured by
a faculty member of the UBC Mathematics Department. Many of
Dr. Gupta's astronomical photos have been published in Astronomical
publications. The animation is achieved by using
Herb Jellinek's Animator applet.
The images of the chinese characters on our
were digitized from video shot by
The characters appear on carvings outside of UBC's C.K. Choi
building, housing the Institute of Asian Research at UBC.
The character shown means ``wisdom''.
This image is a proof of Pythagoras' theorem - a detail from
a digitized image of a 9th Century Greek Manuscript of Euclid's
Elements from the
SunSITE @ UNC.
Yet another proof of Pythagoras' theorem. This comes from the
title pages of a
most remarkable book.
The image was digitized by
The University of British Columbia Mathematics Department
Individual pages and projects are Copyright by their respective creators, as noted. These sites are hosted at SunSITE.UBC.CA, which is sponsored by a grant from Sun Microsystems, Inc. It is partially supported by a grant from the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences.


Serpens is a piece from the seven track album "Caelestia" by Mike MacLennan and has been composed for string orchestra. It was released in February 2023.
To listen to the album, follow the link here.
Please note: Suitable for intermediate level. This sheet music is available for digital download only/print at home.
Price is per 1 set. Photocopying or duplicating the music above the permitted quantity in any format is strictly prohibited.
The celestial equator: The great circle of the celestial sphere, lying in the same plane as the earth's equator.
Caelestia centres around seven of the constellations through which the celestial equator passes, with each of these forming the inspiration for a different piece. Recorded in October 2022 with a 29-piece string orchestra in Sofia, the album also features an overlapping cyclic string quartet passage in Serpens, plus soaring soprano vocals from LA-based singer Ayana Haviv on Monoceros, Caelestia and Ophiuchus.
If you would like to purchase this title for educational purposes or require more than 10 copies, please get in touch at firstname.lastname@example.org.
We will be happy to discuss educational and multi-copy discounts.


Observations of rotating occasions in our period point to the origin, but you may be wondering what are the causes? There are numerous possible answers, visite site nevertheless we are left with a limited range of plausible ones. However , we could identify a number of recurring features in the witnessed events and develop an awareness of their beginning. These features include the occurrence of permanent magnetic fields, the presence of subsolar space objects, and the probability of multi-messenger diagnosis. This article will identify some of the common features of spinning events inside our time.
For example , the planet Mercury rotates once and a half days in its orbit round the sun. That means that one Mercury evening is equivalent to 176 Earth times. Larger exoplanets, on the other hand, rotate much more quickly. Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Pluto every single complete a war every 10 hours, as the Earth normally takes 365 days to create one complete circle. All these planets include the sun, plus they each have 365 days to complete 1.


Here is the picture of our Lake Jackson in Florala just a block from First Presbyterian Church
Eric Metaxas wrote in The Schwarz Report, February 2015: "The odds against the universe existing are so heart-stoppingly astronomical that the notion that it all 'just happened' defies common sense." He quotes Paul Davies that "the appearance of design is overwhelming."
"Carl Sagan announced that there were two important criteria for a planet to support life. The right kind of star, and a planet the right distance from that star. Given the roughly octillion--1 followed by 27 zeros--planets in the universe, there should have been about septillion--1 followed by 24 zeros--planets capable of supporting life."
All of that is quite humbling, but there's more. Eric Metaxas tells us more. "As our knowledge of the universe increased, it became clear that there were far more factors necessary for life than Sagan supposed. His two parameters grew to 10 and then 20 and then 50, and so the number of potentially life-supporting planets decreased accordingly. he number dropped to a few thousand planets and kept on plummeting...."
Peter Schenkel wrote in a 2006 piece for Skeptical Inquirer magazine: "In light of new findings and insights....We should quietly admit that the early estimates...may no longer be tenable."
"As factors continued to be discovered, the number of possible planets hit zero, and kept going. In other words, the odds turned against any planet in the universe supporting life, including this one." Let that statement sink in: INCLUDING THIS ONE!
The best explanation as to why we are here is that we are beholding the work of our Creator. In spite of the odds against life anywhere in this vast universe, or even of the universe itself existing, God chose to create it all, and chose to put life on this earth, and even to visit this earth in person, by the incarnation, to reveal Himself to us in terms we could understand, and to be the sinless Sacrifice for our sins.


No, they’re not making an ill-advised reboot of Honey, I Shrunk The Kids… that we know of. This has to do with our favorite solar system buddy.
In 2010 a team of researchers led by the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Thomas R. Watters found that the moon is shrinking. The shrinkage, not to be confused with that Seinfeld episode, has taken place over a billion years, as the core of the moon core has cooled and contracted. How the hell do they know this? Science, that’s how. Actually, they’ve been studying the surface of the moon and found 14 cracks and ridges over roughly 10% of the lunar surface. Fast forward to 2015 and the team has found more than 3,200 of these blemishes. The striking thing about this situation is that the moon isn’t shrinking uniformly. If that were the case we’d see the ridges, which form when the moon’s surface cracks and a side of the fracture slips over the other, randomly distributed about the face of the moon. Watters’ team found that north-south ridges were most prevalent in the equatorial and midlatitude regions and east-west ridges near the poles. In short, the moon is all fucked up. But why?
Okay, it’s not aliens. It’s actually because of the Earth’s tidal forces pulling on the moon. A study published in Geology sheds light on the phenomenon.
Right… sooooo is this a big deal? According to Watters it’s really not. In fact, back in 2010 he even said “The kind of radius change and shrinking we’re describing here is so small that you would never notice it,” So it’s like the moon was in the pool… but has junk so large that shrinkage isn’t noticeable.


For people in the northern hemisphere...Happy Winter Solstice!!!!
Tomorrow marks the new year for me because the days start getting longer, the sun climbs higher every day, and the promise of springs warmth is on the horizon. The Earth, our one and only home in the vastness of the Universe, has journeyed once again around the Sun and now starts carrying us towards the warmer days of summer.
This is my one special day all year because it is Nature based, independent of multitheistic, monotheistic, or nontheistic world views. It is also independent of an arbitrarily decreed day for the new year to start imposed by some long forgotten conquerer.


2 edition of Neutral carbon in the egg nebula (AFGL 2688) found in the catalog.
Neutral carbon in the egg nebula (AFGL 2688)
by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif
Written in English
|Statement||C.A. Beichman ... [et al.]|
|Series||NASA technical memorandum -- 84360|
|Contributions||Beichman, C. A, Ames Research Center|
|The Physical Object|
Chickens at the carbon-neutral Kipster farm. Photograph: Bart van Overbeeke for the Observer There’s the much-criticised battery hen egg, and then the pricier organic and free-range Author: Daniel Boffey. A second well known PPN is M or the Footprint Nebula, situated also in Cygnus. A good introduction to this object can be found nebula has a distance of about kpc and a luminosity of about 10 .
This pretty cosmic cloud lies some 1, light-years away, it shape and color reminiscent of a blue robin's egg. It spans about 3 light-years, nested securely within the boundaries of the southern constellation . The Calabash Nebula, pictured here — which has the technical name OH + — is a spectacular example of the death of a low-mass star like the Sun. Astronomy Now NewsAlert Get the latest .
The Calabash Nebula, also known as the Rotten Egg Nebula, is currently transitioning from a red giant to a planetary nebula, a wild rush that lasts only a few thousand years. The Egg Nebula, CRL Protoplanetary nebula in Cygnus at X - posted in Sketching: The Egg Nebula (RAFGL & CRL ) is a bipolar protoplanetary nebula in Cygnus. .
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Where is the center of the Egg Nebula. Like a baby chick pecking its way out of an egg, the star in the center of the Egg Nebula is casting away shells of gas and dust as it slowly transforms itself into a.
The Egg Nebula (also known as RAFGL and CRL ) is a bipolar protoplanetary nebula approximately 3, light-years away from peculiar properties were first described in Distance: approx ly ( pc).
Egg Nebula Facts. Egg Nebula is a supergiant star that can be located in the constellation of Cygnus. The description is based on the spectral class.
Egg Nebula is not part of the constellation outline but is. The artificial "Easter-Egg" colors in this image are used to dissect how the light reflects off the smoke-sized dust particles and then heads toward Earth.
The fine dust is largely carbon. Provided to YouTube by CDBaby Egg Nebula Pulse Emitter Cosmic Images ℗ Daryl Groetsch Released on: Auto-generated by YouTube.
Artist: Dark Nebula, Track Name: Carbon, Disc: Dark Nebula - The 8th Sphere, Label: Digital Psionics, Year: AprStyle: Dark Psychedelic Trance, Tracklist. A typical planetary nebula will be visible for ab years.
We know that the central object in a planetary nebula has a surface temperature of at least _______________ K because the nebula. The star and its shells resemble an egg white around a yolky centre, leading the astronomers to nickname the object the 'Fried Egg Nebula '.
Astronomers crack 'Fried Egg Nebula' in infrared sky The. Something strange was hiding in the Horsehead.
The nebula, named for its stallionlike silhouette, is a towering cloud of dust and gas 1, light-years from Earth where new stars are. The Egg Nebula is taking a beating. Like a baby chick pecking its way out of an egg, the star in the center of the nebula is casting away shells of gas and dust as it slowly transforms itself into a white dwarf.
Egg Nebula in Cygnus. 21 02 +36 41 The Egg-Nebula (CRL ) is the paradigm for a proto-PN with polarized emission. The nebula shows under good seeing conditions already with 14". The Egg Nebula (designated CRL ) is a bipolar protoplanetary nebula with an estimated diameter of about light-year that lies approximately 3, light-years away from Earth in the constellation of.
This image of the Egg Nebula, also known as CRL and located roughly 3, light-years from us, was taken in red light with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) aboard the Hubble. Books at Amazon. The Books homepage helps you explore Earth's Biggest Bookstore without ever leaving the comfort of your couch.
Here you'll find current best sellers in books, new. Representative Color: Egg Nebula. This picture of infrared light from the Egg Nebula shows the last gasps of a dying star. Because infrared light is invisible to humans, we have used three different. The GHz (3P1 → 3P0) fine-structure line of neutral atomic carbon (C I) has been observed in the planetary nebulae (PNe) NGCIRAS +, and NGCand in the protoplanetary.
The Crab Nebula (catalogue designations M1, NGCTaurus A) is a supernova remnant in the constellation of common name comes from William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, who Distance: ± ly (± pc).
The Rotten Egg Nebula, also known as the Calabash Nebula and OH+, will likely develop into a full bipolar planetary nebula over the next years.
The nebula, pictured above, is about light. Astronomy Picture of the Day. Discover the cosmos. Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
Media in category "Egg Nebula" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 llation: Cygnus. Egg Nebula - posted in Deep Sky Observing: This planetery nebula is in Cygnus, and is a protoplanetary, it is faint, and very small, the magnitude of this object isand it spans 19/14 and .The Egg Nebula is located 3, light-years away in the constellation Cygnus.
This image was taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys in September and October Credit: NASA and The .


On Monday, August 21st, the moon’s shadow will envelope the sun and completely blacks it out for minutes, on a straight path over the United States of America. The sky will darken, the temperature will drop, and confused crickets will chirp loudly, thinking the evening has come early. Do you have plans to photograph this rare miracle of nature? While memorializing this event through photography is important, remember to be present and take it all in. For many, this solar eclipse will be a once in a lifetime experience.
The most important thing to remember while shooting the solar eclipse is to have both a Solar Neutral Density filter protecting your camera and specially designed glasses protecting your eyes. Viewing the direct sun through a lens, a telescope, or binoculars for even a second can permanently damage your vision. Shooting the sun directly without the filter will ruin your cameras sensor. We stock Hoya Filters, both 77mm and 82mm, which will protect your camera’s sensor from the sun.
With that out of the way, let’s move on to the fun part: shooting the Solar Eclipse. Any camera body can capture the eclipse, but more importantly, a long telephoto lens and steady tripod will be necessary. The Canon 5D Mark IV is a great choice for the camera body because it’s touch screen LCD display so you can easily focus without moving or shaking the camera. The Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 Lens is perfect to get a close, clear shot of the sun. If you want to get even closer, you can purchase a 2x lens extender. An important tool for shooting the eclipse is a sturdy, precise tripod and head. A good choice is the Manfrotto MT 055 Carbon Fiber Tripod with a Geared Head. The Carbon Fiber is lightweight for traveling, yet steady to avoid any shaking while taking the photos. The geared head will allow you to tilt the camera up towards to the sun with precision.
There is a “Path of Totality” across the United States, cutting through 14 states, pictured on the map below. You can only see the full solar eclipse if you’re viewing it on this path. Everyone in the North America and parts of South America will be able to witness a partial solar eclipse. The extent of completion will change depending on where you’re located. New York City will see about 71% coverage of the sun, starting around 1 pm, reaching peak coverage at 2:44 in the afternoon, and returning to normal by 4 pm.


Neutrino degeneracy and cosmological nucleosynthesis, revisited it is shown that this loophole in the standard model of nucleosynthesis is robust and . 1 introduction cosmological nucleosynthesis is traditionally used as a probe of the conditions of the early universe at the nucleosynthesis epoch (t ˘ mev) concerning neutrino physics,. Reconciling cmb and bbn in non standard cosmological models 9 conclusions glossary predictions of the big bang nucleosynthesis and the pre-galactic abundances of the. Primordial nucleosynthesis remains as one of the pillars of modern cosmology it is the test-ing ground upon which all cosmological models must ultimately rest it is our only probe of the universe during the first few minutes of cosmic expansion and in particular during the important radiation .
Cosmological nucleosynthesis and active-sterile neutrino oscillations with small mass di erences: the nonresonant case d p kirilova teoretisk astrofysik center. Cosmology studies with des and spt at uiuc astronomy has been one of the premier cosmological experiments of the last decade primordial nucleosynthesis and . Cosmological nucleosynthesis conclusions primordial nucleosynthesis is considered as one of the most precise tests of the standard cosmological scenario. Thermodynamics in cosmology nucleosynthesis thermodynamics cosmological constant primordial nucleosynthesis.
The perfect cosmological principle is an extension of the cosmological principle, and states that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic in space and time in this view the universe looks the same everywhere (on the large scale), the same as it always has and always will. Arxiv:gr-qc/0203079v1 22 mar 2002 onthe pre-nucleosynthesis cosmological period r aldrovandi instituto de f´ısica te´orica state university of s˜ao paulo - unesp. Abstract: a measurement of the primordial lithium abundance would give a significant observational constraint to current big-bang nucleosynthesis models deuterium and helium abundances agree closely with predictions of current cosmological models, however, the predicted primordial lithium abundance . Stellar nucleosynthesis image: abundances of the chemical elements in the solar system hydrogen and helium are most common, residuals of big bang nucleosynthesis.
In these cosmological models the nuclear processes are similar to those of the r-process nucleosynthesis in gravitational collapse supernova explosionsmassive stars ≥ 10m⊙ culminate their evolution by supernova explosions which are presumed to be the most viable candidate site for the r-process nucleosynthesis. The big bang theory is the most widely accepted cosmological model of the universe, but it still contains a few puzzles revised big bang nucleosynthesis with . Big bang nucleosynthesis gamow, alpher and herman proposed the hot big bang as a means to produce all of the elements however, the lack of stable nuclei with atomic weights of 5 or 8 limited the big bang to producing hydrogen and helium. Primordial nucleosynthesis remains as one of the pillars of modern cosmology it is the test- ing ground upon which all cosmological models must ultimately restit is our only probe of the universe during the ﬁrst few minutes of cosmic. Stellar nucleosynthesis is the collective term for the nuclear reactions taking place in stars to build the nuclei of the heavier elements the processes involved began to be understood early in .
Supernova nucleosynthesis a model without cosmological models big-bang nucleosynthesis cosmological const, too small, fine tuned. In cosmological setting, the impact of the fundamental constants can be best explored during the era of big bang nucleosynthesis (bbn) as it is the earliest event in the his-. Cosmological constraints on oscillation parameters, more precise than the existing ones were extracted, due to the exact kinetic approach and the proper account for the neutrino spectrum distortion and the oscillations generated asymmetry.
- Big bang nucleosynthesis the standard big bang cosmological model is based on what is now called the “cosmological principle”, which assumes that the universe .
- If there exist massive neutral leptons (heavy neutrinos), they would have been produced in thermal equilibrium in the early stages of the universe the effects of their presence and decay on the big bang nucleosynthesis are investigated in detail and abundances of the products ^4he, ^2h and ^7li are compared with the observed cosmic abundances.
- Dark matter and cosmological nucleosynthesis: author and affiliation: nonbaryonic matter can either provide a cosmological density parameter value near .
20big-bangnucleosynthesis 1 cosmological parameters review) the nucleosynthesis chain begins with the formation of deuterium in the process p(n,γ)d . Updated big bang nucleosynthesis compared with wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe observations and the abundance of light elements cosmological constraints from . Cosmological aspects of nucleosynthesis mounib f el eid american university of beirut, department of physics, po box 11-0236, riad el-solh, beirut,. Deuterium and helium abundances agree closely with predictions of current cosmological models, however, the predicted primordial lithium abundance is a factor of two above current measurements of the stellar lithium abundance obtained from optical spectroscopy of halo star atmospheres.


Collaborative Research Team Project: 2021-2024
This interdisciplinary Collaborative Research Team (CRT) brings together researchers from the fields of statistics and astronomy to answer questions about the most enigmatic objects in modern astronomy: Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). FRBs are extremely bright, short bursts of radio signals, lasting on the order of milliseconds, which predominantly originate from far outside our own Galaxy. The first FRB was discovered in 2007, and many have been discovered since, but what FRBs are and how they produce bursts of such extreme intensity are still unknown. To further complicate matters, some FRBs are now known to burst repeatedly, either at irregular or regular intervals. Understanding FRBs as a population is key to discovering the physical mechanism that creates them and to being able to use them as precision probes of the cosmos. Canada hosts the world’s leading radio telescope for finding and studying FRBs: the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME), located near Penticton, BC. The CHIME/FRB Collaboration consists of astronomers and physicists from across Canada who study CHIME data to find large numbers of FRBs and better understand them as a population.
CHIME has discovered more than 1000 FRBs in its two years of operations so far, which is several times more than every other telescope on Earth combined. However, the extreme volumes of data from CHIME present enormous challenges such as missing data, censoring, measurement uncertainty, and heteroschedastic errors. Moreover, up to now each FRB is analysed individually, making analysis time-consuming and difficult. This CRT’s goal is to help develop a robust statistical method to characterize thousands of FRBs more efficiently. We will tackle CHIME’s big data challenges with new statistical methods to help achieve the CHIME/FRB collaboration’s scientific goal of understanding and characterizing FRBs as a population. This CRT will also help develop new and long-term research connections between astronomers and statisticians in Canada and beyond.
Gwendolyn Eadie, Assistant Professor, David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy &Astrophysics, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto.
Bingham, Derek, Professor, Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University
Craiu, Radu, Professor & Chair, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto
Gaensler, Bryan, Professor, Tier 1 Canada Research Chair, Director of the Dunlap Institute, Co-Investigator in CHIME/FRB, Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto
Stenning, David, Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University


The Solar System
What? A scale model of the Solar System?
Yes! In January of 2016 participants in our Seattle, WA arts-enrichment program studied painting and scale via an astronomy-themed lesson plan.
Our participants, ages 5 through 10, painted all of the planets (and a few dwarf planets too). We then created a region-wide art installation by placing scale-sized images (either on the sidewalk or on sandwich boards) at an accurate scale distance from our 18 foot wide sidewalk painting of the sun. Our planets spanned out from there throughout Seattle and out into our surrounding farmland.
Planet Nine even caught a ride to its real scale-distance location in Missoula, MT.
Our installation caught the interest of SeattleAstronomy.com.
A huge thank you to Keith Envoldsen for his site, which was an epic help to our educators! Inspired in by our use of his online model generator, Keith has recently modified and expanded its function to include the orbit of the newly discovered “Planet 9.”
We also sang several space-related songs this month, including the well-known Schoolhouse Rock song, “Interplanet Janet” by Tony-Award winning composer, musician, lyricist , and 2015 Broadway Lifetime Achievement Award winner, Lynn Ahrens! As it happened, this was about the 4th or 5th Lynn Ahrens connection we’d had that year with our inquiry-led study, so the kids wrote her letters about her music and her influence and to thank her. Ms. Ahrens very kindly wrote back. Our participants were thrilled! Thank you, Lynn!
Want To Learn More?
- Our project in not alone in the universe! Click here to find out about other Solar System projects.
- Find out what happens when you take an idea for a temporary project like this and push to make it permanent.
- Translate walking speed to light speed.
- Compare the sizes of planets, side by side.
- Click here for an online scale model of the Solar System
- Here are some orreries (an orrery is a clockwork or map of where the planets are).
- Where are the planets right now? Where will they be on a certain date? Here’s the answer.
- Would you like to ask astrophysicist Neil Degrasse Tyson some astronomy questions? Of course you would!
- Shortcut to figuring out the scale of Solar System objects, based on inputting a different sun size.
- Check NASA’s most recent word on Pluto’s status.
- Planet Nine news.


Standing there, with your feet planted securely in the Greenlandic snow, gazing upwards at the fascinating blanket of verdigris green stretching across the night sky, you will feel small and humble. Suddenly the concepts of infinity and timelessness seem to make sense.
When you look out onto the magnificence of Greenland's scenery, a quite unique mood often envelops you. Thanks to the silence and the sense of connectedness with nature, you will attain a state of equanimity and serenity that's otherwise rare in the hustle and bustle of everyday life.
The Northern Lights are a welcome setting for your journey into this mood.
The Northern Lights weave a soft velvety wave across the firmament and remind you of the grandeur of space and your own insignificance.
The scene provides a feeling of inner warmth and happiness - in spite of the cold that stings your cheeks. The Northern Lights represent a catalyst for emotions that aren't often explicitly expressed. It's as if the Northern Lights remind us of our ancient origins and of the reasons for our existence on this planet.
Or otherwise the fantastic scene just represents a break from our busy everyday lives, which can otherwise often be difficult to make sense of.
The Northern Lights require darkness. The phenomenon is therefore best experienced as far away from artificial light, e.g. streetlights, as possible. It's also best when the skies are clear and the nights are long, i.e. during the winter season, which stretches from September to April. During the summer, the Northern Lights are simply not visible because of the midnight sun which lights up the sky both day and night.
Read more about the Northern Lights here.
Getting there and away
The Northern Lights can be seen in all parts of Greenland, with the best conditions being towards the north, although visitors must be aware of the seasonal variations as described above.
Several tour operators in Greenland offer excursions that focus on the Northern Lights by travelling outside the range of artificial light in the towns - for instance by dogsled - in order to experience the spectacular display of light in the night sky.
Practical info about Northern Lights
No physical requirements. No previous experience needed.
Little or no requirements on physical condition or previous experience.
Some requirements on physical condition. Previous experience may be needed for some activities.
Highly demanding activities, requiring good physical condition and endurance. May involve extremely low temperature, rough terrain, etc. Previous experience needed.
Please note that some activities can be found on several adventure levels, and offerings may vary by location.
What time of the year?
The green bars show when you can experience the place or the phenomenon, or do the activity or the event.


Bowl With Astronomical and Courtly Motifs
Late 12th – early 13th century
Attributed to Central or Northern Iran
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
When you look at the Bowl with Courtly and Astronomical Motifs, it is as if you are entering into another exotic world. This bowl was most likely created in Central or Northern Iran during the late 12th or early 13th century. The decoration on the bowl is divided into 6 bands that wrap around the inside of the bowl, combining the realm of the universe with the realm of humanity.
The center of the bowl is filled by a sun motif with red and blue colored rays against a gold background that expand outwards to the edges of the roundel. The sun is personified. It has eyes, a nose, a mouth and eyebrows that create a relatively flat expression, and the face is turned slightly to the left. Surrounding the face is a radiating geometric design of circles and spikes representing rays. Surrounding the sun in the next layer of decoration are six medallions with images representing the Moon and the planets, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and Mars. The planets are represented by human figures holding different objects. The planets are arranged clockwise, from the farthest to the closets to the Earth. Each medallion is framed in a white circle. Around those circles is another large blue circle with 18 smaller gold dots and six white and gold circles that filled in the gaps between each medallion, most likely representing the stars that you see in the night sky.
The next band shows a row of mounted horsemen on grey, brown, black and red colored horses, wearing elegant robes decorated with slightly different geometric designs with dark red halos behind their heads. Between every horseman but one, is a still bird that appears to be in mid air but not flying. Each of the birds is unique as well with different colors, like blue, gold, red and brown, and different shapes of the tails and feet.
The next layer is a thin band of geometric ornament. The pattern is made out of ovals and diamonds in different colors like blue, red, tan-gray, and gold. The next row shows seated courtiers and musicians. Across from each other are two enthroned figures with crowns. Like the mounted horsemen, each figure has a red circle around their head and everyone is in a position that is slightly different. There is also an Arabic inscription in the Kufic script that translates to “good wishes” and “And blessing and merciful and good fortune … and winner victory … and happiness … and grace … and power and happiness … and grace … and power”.
Focusing mainly on the center portion of the ceramic bowl, the personified extraterrestrial world of planets and stars stands out against the dark blue background of the inner roundel. The Sun at the very center of the bowl is personified to look like the face of a man. This is because the Sun is often associated with male qualities and masculine characteristics such as power, energy, light, and heat. Arabic astronomers and artists differed in their interpretation and representation of the Sun, astronomers saw the Sun as yet another planet that revolved around the earth, placing it in line with the other planets. Artists on the other hand would place the Sun in the center encircled by the planets. By placing the Sun in the center with golden radiating rays, it connotes a sense of warmth, importance, power and energy.
Unlike the Sun the planets and the Moon are depicted as entire human beings. Like the Sun, Arabic astronomers believed that the Moon was the closest planet to the Earth. Similar to how the Sun is masculine, the Moon is feminine. The artist depicts the Moon as a woman with long braids wearing a large gown with an oversized crescent circling her pale face. The crescent around her face is a symbol of the Moon in the sky. Although the gown she wears hides her female features, her long braided hair makes it evident that she is indeed a female.
Next to the Moon is Venus, shown as a woman playing a musical instrument. Venus is also a feminine planet, whose name originates from the Roman Goddess Venus. Mercury is shown as a bearded scribe writing on a scroll with a pen. Mercury was understood to be a neutral planet that was fairly weak in nature. These ideas are shown through the nature of the imagery, Mercury is more subdued in comparison to the representations of Mars, who is fearsome, and Jupiter who looks wise and powerful.
In contrast to the neutral nature of Mercury, Mars is depicted as the lord of war. In his hands are a sword and a bloody severed head. These symbolize serve as bold iconography to emphasize the warlike characteristics. Jupiter is shown with a large turban, a flowing multicolored robe and a long gray beard. It appears as though he is a judge or sage whose wisdom, fairness and maturity are indicated through his long graying beard. The last planet is Saturn, portrayed as a standing man wearing long pants and an open jacket. In his hands are two pickaxes. This personification is different from the other figures because the face of Saturn doesn’t have the same features; thin almond eyes, small, pursed mouth, and long thin eyebrows. Saturn was the most disliked planet and perhaps that is why it looks more like a foreigner, which in turn might suggest a possible dislike of real foreigners. The two pickaxes in his hands might be representative of Saturn being associated with labor, such as mining.
The planets are shown in conjunction with the hunting and courtly scenes included on the rest of the bowl because they are a reminder to the user of the bowl that the planets and the stars have daily effects on human life. These planets were believed to rotate in concentric circles around the Earth. Their position in the sky in relation to the stars around them associated each planet with signs of the zodiac. The planets Jupiter and Venus were considered beneficial, Saturn and Mars were considered detrimental, and as mentioned previously Mercury was considered neutral. These concepts in Arabic astrology most likely served as guides and signs of what was going to happen and why. By including the temporal world, it is understood that the universe and mankind are linked together.
Carboni, Stefano, and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). 1997. Following the Stars: Images of the Zodiac in Islamic Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Following_the_Stars_Images_of_the_Zodiac_in_Islamic_Art?Tag=&title=&author=&pt=&tc=&dept=&fmt=.
Ghouchani, A. Metropolitan Museum of Art, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/451379
 A. Ghouchani. Metropolitan Museum of Art, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/451379
 Stefano Carboni. Following the Stars: the Zodiac in Islamic Art 9
 Stefano Carboni 9
 Stefano Carboni 4


- Name Ajay Talwar
- Country India
- Vocation Not Available
- Education Not Available
One of the prolific and foremost transient sky events’ astro-photographer in India, Ajay Talwar is also an amateur astronomer and has built one of the earliest Dobsonian telescopes in India. To capture the photons from far away deep sky objects, he travels to remote locations. One of his recent travels was to Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle, Ladakh, which until recently was the world’s highest observatory.
© Khoj International Artists' Association, all rights reserved | Designed & Developed by naorem


NASA wasn’t about to miss the chance to capture its historic ambush of an asteroid through the eyes of its most powerful space observatories. On Thursday, NASA and the European Space Agency released new images taken by the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes showing the moment the DART spacecraft collided with the small asteroid Dimorphos.
DART was designed as humanity’s first experiment in kinetic impact mitigation, which is a lot of syllables to say the goal was to smash a spacecraft into an asteroid to see if the collision could alter the space rock’s orbit. The technique could one day be used to protect Earth from an asteroid or comet that threatens to impact our planet.
Neither Dimorphos nor the larger asteroid that the moonlet orbits, Didymos, pose any threat to us. In fact, no known asteroids pose a significant threat at the moment.
The effort to capture the instant of the impact, as well as earlier and follow-up imagery of the crash site, marks the first time Webb and Hubble have made observations of the same target at the same time.
“This is an unprecedented view of an unprecedented event,” Andy Rivkin, DART investigation team lead, said in a statement.
The images are captured in different wavelengths of light, with Hubble showing the impact in visible light and Webb using an infrared instrument. The bright center of the images show the point of impact, which maintained a heightened level of brightness for several hours. Plumes of material ejected from the surface of the asteroid by the collision are also visible.
“When I saw the data, I was literally speechless, stunned by the amazing detail of the ejecta that Hubble captured,” said Jian-Yang Li of the Planetary Science Institute who led the Hubble observations.
Astronomers will continue to review observations and data from the event with telescopes located both in space and on the ground to get a better idea of how the impact changed Dimorphos, both in structure and in terms of its path across the cosmos.


Jupiter’s moon Europa may be less ripe for life than we thought. Although it has an ocean of water beneath its icy shell, the frigid moon may be short of the oxygen necessary to sustain life as we know it.
Oxygen is produced on Europa when radiation hits its surface and splits the water ice there into its constituent parts, hydrogen and oxygen. Models of that process have suggested the rate of oxygen production could be anywhere from 5 to over 1000 kilograms per second.
Jamey Szalay at Princeton University and his colleagues used data from the Juno spacecraft, which flew just 353 kilometres above Europa’s surface in 2022, to make a new estimate. They found oxygen is only being produced at a rate of about 12 kilograms per second on the surface – right at the low end of previous estimates.
“In some sense, the shell is like a lung for Europa. It’s continuously generating oxygen,” says Szalay. “That being said, we can’t speak to what happens after the oxygen is produced on the surface – it’s still a question how much of it could get into the ocean.”
But if there is less oxygen being produced in the first place, less of it will make its way into Europa’s waters. That may decrease the likelihood of researchers finding organisms similar to those living on Earth there.
One of the next steps is to figure out how much of that oxygen can seep through the alien moon’s icy shell. NASA’s Europa Clipper mission, planned to launch in October, should help us work that out. It will measure the thickness of the ice and hopefully make it possible to determine whether elements and compounds useful for life could pass through.


Nature programs for Pine; Pine Valley RanchApril 30
Pine Valley Ranch
Just Jupiter Saturday, April 30 8:30–10:30am Pine Valley Ranch Ages 6+ w/ Adult The gas giant Jupiter is more massive than all of the other planets in the solar system combined. We’ll view it and many of its moons at the historic Baehr Observatory
Baehrden Historic Lodge Tours Sunday, May 8; Wednesday, May 11; Sunday, May 15; Wednesday, May 18; and Wednesday, May 25 Tours offered at 11am, 12:30pm, and 2pm Pine Valley Ranch Adults Only Discover this historic lodge at Pine Valley Ranch Park as you explore the renovated exterior, porch, great hall, and dining room.


So maybe you can't afford that Virgin Galactic space flight just yet, but you can at least get yourself acquainted with the moon's surface with this Tasco Novice 30050312 Refractor Telescope in the meantime.
This beginner's telescope features a 50 mm (1.97-inch) objective diameter and a 2x Barlow lens for viewing images in 3x magnification. There are three interchangeable eyepieces to give you just the right strength to focus in on your subject, whether that be out into space or across an earthen landscape.
Thanks to the 1 1/4-inch moon filter, you can really see the moon in all its glorious detail. By reducing the moon's brightness, it improves contrast for greater lunar surface detail. The sturdy metal tripod features adjustable telescoping legs with a maximum height of 32.5-inches.
With a maximum magnification power of 312x, this Tasco Novice 30050312 Refractor Telescope will take you on an unforgettable visual journey. Order today!
* Tasco Novice 30050312 Refractor Telescope
* General Features:
* Color: Teal
* Refractor telescope
* 312x maximum power
* 2x Barlow lens: increases magnification 3x
* Interchangeable eyepiece: 1 1/4-inch eyepiece in 25 mm, 12.5 mm, and 4 mm sizes
* 1 1/4-inch moon filter: reduces the moon's brightness and improves contrast for greater lunar surface detail
* Sturdy metal tripod with adjustable telescoping legs
* Includes Skywatch Astronomy Software
* Objective diameter: 50 mm (1.97-inch)
* Focal length: 625 mm
* Eyepieces: H25 mm (Low Power), H12.5 mm (Medium Power), SR4 mm (High Power)
* Erecting eyepiece: 1.5x
* Barlow: 2x
* Maximum magnification: 312x


Last words by Kalpana Chawla from the Columbia space shuttle to a student via email–
“The path from dreams to success does exist. May you have the vision to find it, the courage to get on with it, and perseverance to follow it. Wishing you great journey”
Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian origin woman to go to space. She died in a tragic accident on February 1, 2003.
Just 16 minutes before landing back on Earth, the space shuttle Columbia burnt mid air killing all seven members on board.
Last Words: Archimedes


In an audacious and imaginative move, Instagram, the social media giant, has embarked on a captivating endeavor that transcends the boundaries of terrestrial communication. This pioneering initiative, aptly named .Cosmic Mindmeld,. seeks to establish a virtual bridge between humanity and potential extraterrestrial civilizations, all through the power of visual storytelling. At the heart of Cosmic Mindmeld lies the innate human fascination with the unknown, the unexplored, and the enigmatic realms of outer space. While conventional attempts at communication with hypothetical alien beings have largely centered on decipherable radio waves and mathematical codes, Instagram’s approach leans into the universal language of images and visual narratives. The premise is as groundbreaking as it is awe-inspiring: Instagram users from around the globe are encouraged to create and share otherworldly content that encapsulates the essence of Earth and humanity.
These images, infused with creativity and emotion, aim to depict the diversity of human experiences, cultures, and achievements. From breathtaking landscapes to candid moments of joy and introspection, Cosmic Mindmeld hopes to portray the depth and breadth of our existence. These curated posts are meticulously beamed into space, propelled by radio waves, traveling at the speed of light, towards regions where the possibility of extraterrestrial life is speculated. The underlying belief is that an alien civilization, potentially equipped with the technology to intercept and decode these transmissions, and might gain insights into our planet, our species, and the values we hold dear. Critics and skeptics abound, as is often the case with daring endeavors of this nature. Questions regarding the likelihood of successful communication and the ethical implications of projecting our existence into the cosmos have surfaced. Skeptics argue that the vast distances between stars make the chances of receiving a response minuscule at best.
Moreover, concerns have been raised about unintentionally attracting the attention of entities with intentions that may not align with humanity’s best interests. Nonetheless, Cosmic Mindmeld represents an unprecedented fusion of technology, art, and science, highlighting the enduring human desire to connect and explore Mastering Instagram Marketing through Goread.io’s cutting-edge Alien Intelligence. Regardless of the outcome, the project underscores the profound impact of technology on human culture, and the inherent curiosity that drives us to seek communion with the unknown. As the virtual cosmic bridge extends its tendrils into the far reaches of the universe, the hope of glimpsing a response or receiving a signal from a distant civilization remains a tantalizing prospect. Whether Cosmic Mindmeld ultimately succeeds in unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos or remains a poetic testament to human imagination, its legacy is destined to resonate as a testament to our innate yearning for connection, understanding, and the pursuit of the extraordinary.


Guest posted by: GruntOfMonteCristo
After a long delay in the posting of the late-Saturday NORAD tracking fit for Phobos-Grunt, internet watchers were beginning to worry that the spacecraft had already broken up in the atmosphere about a day before most predictions. That vigil ended last night, at around 10:40pm Treehouse time. One thing that can be concluded from this update, other than the vehicle being intact, is that the orbit decay trends are continuing fairly smoothly. You probably won’t hear this elsewhere, but that may indicate that the Russian space agency ROSCOSMOS has not been completely straight about the tank material housing the toxic propellants. If it were aluminum as stated, the tanks likely would have ruptured after more than a day of being engulfed by plasma, especially since the vehicle seems to be flying in a tanks-first attitude. The propellants would have been scattered by now, dramatically decreasing the mass of the vehicle, and causing a spike in the decay rate. This apparently hasn’t happened. The vehicle seems to have held together so far, and that’s a bad sign. In my opinion, it supports the suspicion that the tanks are really titanium, which will probably survive the reentry all the way to the ground.
Where will the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft crash and when? The timing generally agreed upon by most in the space community is during the day on Sunday, January 15, but the breakup times vary from roughly the earliest time this website predicts, 13:13 UTC (a very unlucky time, apparently…) to about 22:00 UTC Sunday night. In any case, the ground tracks during this period will closely resemble those in this Russian language plot provided by ROSCOSMOS:
Here’s what the day will look like roughly, using Greenwich (UTC) time unless otherwise noted:
Rev#1: Crosses into Northern Hemisphere at 0:35 UTC.
Rev#2: Crosses equator at 2:02 UTC and passes over LA at 6:15 pm.
Rev#3: Crosses at 3:29 UTC and traverses Canada.
Rev#4: Crosses at 4:56 UTC and flies over New Hampshire at 25 minutes after Midnight, local time.
Rev#5: Crosses at 6:23 UTC and flies over Chicago and North Carolina
Rev#6: Crosses at 7:50 UTC and flies over Seattle at 12:17am local, and Texas roughly 2:24am local.
Rev#7: Crosses at 9:17 UTC and traverses Pacific rim over water.
Rev#8: Crosses at 10:44 UTC and flies over Sri Lanka at about 4pm local and Tierra del Fuego 7:42am local.
Rev#9: Crosses at 12:10 UTC and Grunt’s sim shows good chance of final plunge at Tierra del Fuego at 13:13 UTC, 8:13am Treehouse time.
Rev#10: Crosses at 13:38 UTC and flies over Saudi Arabia, Russia and TDF.
Rev#11: Crosses at 15:05 UTC and flies over Cairo, Russia, Korea, Tokyo and TDF.
Rev#12: Crosses at 16:32 UTC and flies over Africa, Greece, Chile and the Amazon.
Rev#13: Crosses at 17:59 UTC and flies over the Amazon, French Riviera, Italy, Queensland and Peru.
Rev#14: Crosses at 19:25 UTC and flies over Paris, Indonesia and New South Wales.
Rev#15: Crosses at 20:51 UTC and flies over Columbia, London and Chennai.
These locations and times are approximate and do not completely take into account the latest tracking update. That update will be provided later.
Previously posted on January 11, 2012…
The launch of the Phobos-Grunt probe from Kazakhstan on November 8th marked the first Russian Mars mission in 15 years. Space experts now say that underfunding of the ambitious project may have doomed it from the start. ”Way too ambitious, and way too underfunded, to reach its goal,” says space law attorney Michael Listner, who writes for The Space Review. All went well for the spacecraft during the launch and injection into a parking orbit around the Earth, but the failure of an orbital boost stage doomed the vehicle to a slow decay through the Earth’s atmosphere until it reenters in mid-January.
Since spacecraft reenter the Earth’s atmosphere all the time, this would not be very newsworthy except for the unusually heavy load of toxic propellants on board this vehicle. Reports vary somewhat, but indications are that there may be as much as 11 tons of hydrazine-derivative fuel and nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer on board. Both of these are extremely deadly to humans whether dispersed in the atmosphere or in direct contact to the skin. Due to the enormous quantity involved, there is some concern about where, exactly, the vehicle may reenter over the surface of the Earth. Predictions have been complicated by autonomous thruster activity on board the vehicle that raised the orbit for a while in November before going silent. This threw off early predictions of a mid-December reentry and delayed the spacecraft’s death plunge until at least early January. Precise predictions of reentry locations are unlikely to be published, even though they are now becoming identifiable. Most of the planet, everything between +/- 51.4 degrees of latitude, falls under the regular ground traces of Phobos-Grunt, and could potentially see some debris. As for the reentry date, the Russian space agency has predicted January 10-21, 2012, and other experts agree with that estimate. The current prediction of the spaceflight101.com site is January 15, 2012 at 14:00 UTC +/- 18 hours, as of the very end of the day on the 9th.
The Grunt has done a preliminary simulation, and the official Blog of Monte Cristo prediction at this time is for January 15, 2012 at about 1:00 UTC, which is just after Midnight, early Sunday morning in Western Europe, which is the vicinity of the reentry according to my crude analysis. This shouldn’t be taken too seriously, because we are 5 days away from the likely burn-up, but the current simulation shows the vehicle’s final flight over France, the island of Corsica, humorously over the uninhabited island of Monte Cristo itself (I’m not kidding), and then finally being scattered over the City of Rome. If the Spaceflight101 prediction is more correct than mine, then the reentry could occur later in the flight, perhaps over the Pacific Ocean, or potentially anywhere else on the globe. I should note, however, that their predicted reentry time was 21:00 UTC until just a few hours ago, and they’ve been revising their time earlier, toward mine. I’ll continue to revise my predictions over the next few days, using much better atmosphere models. I guarantee that the predicted location will change, and at any rate, given my track record, I think I can say that the safest place on the planet is probably Rome, at this point.
The actual danger of this reentry should not be blown out of proportion, because all spacecraft are most likely to come down over water, and very little of the vehicles survive the fiery descent, anyway. However, many heavy pieces do survive and strike the ground, like the debris from Skylab that rained down across the Australian outback, or pieces of the UARS satellite that very likely fell over Washington State and Canada, despite the official claim that it happened entirely over the Pacific. One of the particular concerns with Russian spacecraft is that they contain a lot of titanium, which is strong and light and is almost impervious to the heat of reentry. Titanium is abundant in Russia, and is frequently used for fuel and gas spheres like the one pictured above that was recovered in Africa.
Clearly, the enormous mass of dangerous propellants on board Phobos-Grunt, combined with the possibility that they are stored in indestructible titanium tanks, makes for a real concern. Most home foundation repairs sources are reporting that the tanks used on Phobos-Grunt are made of aluminum due to cost-cutting measures taken during construction. This would be good news, indeed, if true. Aluminum tanks would not survive reentry. No one is questioning the veracity of this claim, which almost certainly was only discussed after the reentry became a certainty, but one could question it, right?
Since Charles R. Ullman & Associates have indicated total Russian liability for any damage, there is plenty of reason to think that the material is a sensitive topic, at risk of being … manipulated.
So the danger of this particular reentry cannot be completely wished away. In fact, it’s somewhat reminiscent of a James Bond dilemma in Moonraker, in which he had to risk his life to shoot down reentering spheres containing nerve gas. In the real world, atmospheric entry of hypergolic propellants like Phobos-Grunt’s is usually avoided at all costs. If possible, all of it is exhausted by thruster firings in orbit. In the case of the defunct Phobos-Grunt, that can no longer be done. So we wait. And watch.


The original Search Page software was designed and implemented by our colleagues in the Applied Information Sciences Branch (Code 935) at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Special thanks are due to:
Dan Kodesh, formerly of NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and Global Science & Technology Inc.
Bob Cromp, formerly of Code 935, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Version 4 of the CIO was created with the help of the following Computer Sciences Corporation personnel:
We made use of two invaluable resources to locate positions and verify identifications of astronomical objects: 1) Set of Identifications, Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data (SIMBAD) of the Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS), 2) NASA Extragalactic Database (NED), a service of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)
IRAS Point Source Catalog cross-identifications and flux data were obtained from XCATSCAN, another excellent IPAC utility
Some of the icons used on the CIO Web pages were obtained from:
The Graphic Station, The Icon Browser, Pam Bytes Free Web Graphics, Randy's Icon Bazaar


How Do Satellites Work – Understanding Satellite TV
Despite the fact that it has just decently recentlty been embraced by the masses,How Accomplish Satellites Work – Understanding Satellite television Articles satellite television has truth be told been around for quite a long time.
The vast majority realize that a sign is handed-off from the fundamental conveyance place up to the satellite and afterward returned to the dish on your rooftop to convey television to your home.
Nonetheless, relatively few individuals really know how a satellite functions and what is engaged with making an organization of satellites that can give inclusion to a whole nation, or a wide range of nations.
Here, we’ll investigate a touch of the in the background work that happens while conveying satellite TV to your home.
Up In Space
By definition, a satellite is anything that circles the Earth in a round or curved way. The Moon is, by this definition, a satellite of the Earth. Likewise, the Earth is a satellite of the Sun.
All things considered, a satellite is a drone mapping services piece of gear that circles the Earth and carries out a specific role.
Satellites are not efficiently manufactured from a plant. Each is explicitly intended to play out a specific errand, and this makes for a great deal of assortment. A few satellites structure triangulation for GPS purposes, others are utilized to follow weather conditions patters, and some have unmistakable logical goals.
For instance, the Hubble Space Telescope is a satellite fastened with a variety of focal points and photography gear that is utilized to take pictures of room without the barometrical obstruction experienced at lan


Basile gave an invited talk during the Kick Off meeting of the CHAMPS (Chemistry and Mathematics in Phase Space) programme in Bristol. You can learn more about this 6 year EPSRC-sponsored Programme Grant here.
(Picture from https://champsproject.com)
Basile organized with Petr Slavíček, Eva Muchova, and Jean-Hugues Fillion, a workshop entitled “Formation and destruction of molecules by UV and X-ray radiation”, in the context of the COST Action “Our Astro-Chemical History“. This workshop took place at the University of Bristol and triggered very stimulating discussions between theoretical and experimental chemists on the effect of UV and X-ray radiations on molecules in interstellar space.
Picture from http://cost.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr/outreach


Please read the newsletter attached for current information on upcoming events. We look forward to seeing you all soon.
Supply lists can be found at Walmart. I attached a copy for you to print from home. Have a great summer everyone.
District facilities closed to the public eclipse weekend through Monday, Aug. 21 Due to safety concerns for visitors and students, all district facilities will be closed to the public for the weekend of the solar eclipse and through the day of the eclipse. Campuses will be closed to the public from 5:00 p.m. on Friday, [...]


Around 7:30am EDT @NASA_SLS & @NASA_Orion arrived atop Pad 39B after a nearly 10-hour journey from the Vehicle Assembly Building. Teams will configure systems at the pad for launch, targeted for no earlier than Aug. 29 at 8:33 a.m. (2 hour window).
MORE: https://t.co/JMxVnTgd7v pic.twitter.com/Q2oC8lOMEm
— NASA's Exploration Ground Systems (@NASAGroundSys) August 17, 2022
Its success could pave the way for the most ambitious moon expedition in decades. If all goes well, NASA hopes to send humans into lunar orbit on its next mission, “Artemis II,” by 2024, followed by a lunar landing on “Artemis III” by 2025—when boots will step foot on the moon’s crust for the first time in half a century, including those of the first woman astronaut and astronaut of color to do so. (Once in space, the Orion pod, designed by Lockheed Martin, will break off from the SLS rocket and rendezvous with another spacecraft, designed by SpaceX, that will lower the astronauts onto the lunar surface.)
But unlike last time, NASA is now looking beyond the moon and even further into the universe. Artemis’s ultimate aim is to establish a sustainable lunar outpost as a stepping stone to one day land the first humans on Mars.
Named for the moon goddess of ancient Greek mythology, the missions will be the dawn of a new era, NASA administrator Bill Nelson said at a briefing in early August. “This is now the Artemis generation,” he told the crowd. “We were in the Apollo generation, but this is a new generation, this is a new type of astronaut. And to all of us that gaze up at the moon, dreaming of the day humankind returns to the lunar surface, folks, we’re here. We are going back and that journey, our journey, begins with Artemis I.”
???? Our #LunaTwins have taken their places. This past week, Helga & Zohar have been assembled & installed in the @NASA_Orion capsule at @NASA_Kennedy. Waiting inside to greet them ???? – Commander Moonikin Campos who is also one of the ‘passengers’ on board #Artemis I. ???? pic.twitter.com/LrRkhFd9Jz
— DLR – English (@DLR_en) August 9, 2022
Artemis will be ferrying precious cargo, even if no living beings. Three mannequins will be strapped on board, including Moonikin Campos in the commander’s seat, named for Arturo Campos, a NASA electrical engineer who helped bring Apollo 13 safely back to Earth after the shuttle’s oxygen tank exploded. The dummies will be dressed in spacesuits and flesh-like soft tissue, equipped to measure radiation levels.
An Amazon Alexa will also be present in the cabin in order to test whether it can respond to queries and verbal commands from mission control.
.@Snoopy is helping us out in more than one way — not only will he help us indicate how much gravity is inside the @NASA_Orion spacecraft during the #Artemis I mission, he also has free lesson plans for students and educators. https://t.co/WFNDlzicMp pic.twitter.com/Vue4wZqQmd
— NASA Artemis (@NASAArtemis) August 18, 2022
Finally, the crew will include two beloved members: a plush Snoopy, the comic strip dog that creator Charles M. Schulz had drawn as a moon astronaut in the Apollo days. Dressed in an orange spacesuit, Snoopy will serve as a zero-gravity indicator, determined by when the toy begins to float. A Shaun the Sheep doll, based on the character from the Wallace and Gromit films, will also make the trek.
Excited about #Artemis I? ???? The latest blog post from our specially trained woolly astronaut @shaunthesheep tells how he 'got in a spin' about being assigned a seat on this historic mission to the #Moon! ???? https://t.co/SZ6yk2XS41 pic.twitter.com/4iBcTYiIAx
— ESA (@esa) August 16, 2022
The Artemis missions, of course, will come with a humongous price tag. In November, a NASA inspector estimated that costs could swell to $93 billion by 2025. (The Apollo missions, in which 12 astronauts walked on the moon between 1969 and 1972, cost roughly $280 billion in today’s dollars.) But in many ways, the program’s spirit recalls John F. Kennedy’s iconic speech in 1962, when America was in the midst of a fierce Space Race. “Why, some say, the moon?” he asked. “Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? . . . We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.”
And in 2022, his immortal words ring as true now as they did long ago: “For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding.”
Watch NASA’s lift-off live on its website, app, and YouTube channel. Celebrations will include musical performances by singer Josh Groban, jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, cellist Yo-Yo Ma, and the Philadelphia Orchestra, as well as appearances by actors Jack Black, Chris Evans, and Keke Palmer.


NASA Is Leading Research That Uses Solar in New Ways in Space
It may be surprising to some people, but NASA is working hard to improve the environment here on earth. For every negative story about the amount of carbon produced by a single space shuttle launch, or the fact that reaching orbit may punch holes in the ozone layer, NASA has quietly invested time and work into partnering with several leading solar researchers and manufacturers to improve the quality of solar power generating technology.
These advances in solar power help to further generate power in space for existing satellites and spacecraft, as well as the International Space Station. The advanced solar technology is not only employed in ongoing and up and coming NASA projects, but it is also used to increase the efficiency and power generating capacity of solar projects here on Earth.
NASA-driven technological advances are also helping to make manufacturing and installing solar power systems more efficient, and energy and cost effective. What’s more, NASA is working on a project that generates electricity from solar and wirelessly beams it down to earth.
NASA Is Powered by Solar
For many years now, solar power has been the main energy source used on NASA missions. Additionally, NASA is working on new solar technologies that will help improves space-based power systems for both human and robot piloted exploration of our solar system.
The solar power systems currently employed by NASA on projects such as the International Space Station are so large that they dwarf the station itself, but they still had to be light weight and extremely efficient to pass the test of whether they are worth the fuel costs of bringing them out to space.
However, the technology used on the ISS is more than a decade old. Considerably more advanced solar energy technology is waiting to be used on upcoming projects in space, on the moon, and eventually on Mars.
How NASA Has Improved Solar
NASA technologies that are used in space-based applications are also providing many benefits here on Earth. NASA has driven advances in the development of lighter and more efficient solar arrays.
These advances have now made it into the designs for residential and commercial solar here on earth, helping to drive down the cost of the systems themselves, as well as the installation costs, not to mention the load on commercial and residential rooftop applications.
NASA actively works with private companies as a research partner in the field of solar power technology. Even better, NASA shares any scientific breakthroughs it makes in solar energy with the field in order to accelerate the development of future solar technology.
The Future of Solar May Actually Be in Space
Beyond the assistance NASA provides to solar manufacturers and researchers, and beyond funding advancements in the reduction in size and improved efficiency of existing solar technology, NASA is also working on a project that may move solar power generation into space in the near future.
A massive solar array satellite could be generating enough solar power to cover one third of the earth’s needs and beaming it wirelessly to the planet’s surface — and it could be fully functional within the next decade.
Are you a solar panel installer? Get help for your solar installation business’s bottom line with high quality solar leads from RGR Marketing today. FInd out more now.
[Photo via: Wikimedia]