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This mission to install pioneering UK-built technology in space exemplifies how government backing is helping our most innovative companies push the boundaries of what we can achieve in space as well as back home on Earth. Strengthening the speed at which data can be transmitted from space will bring enormous benefits to scientists and researchers across Europe, helping them progress vital research faster, while opening up numerous commercial opportunities for UK firms as we build back better.
Called ColKa for ‘Columbus Ka-band Terminal’, the UK Space Agency-funded system will revolutionise scientists’ ability in the UK and Europe to access the results of their space-based experiments, from investigations into the effects of radiation on seeds to biomining research. The results will help unlock benefits for all of us, from understanding how our bodies and muscles age to furthering our understanding of illnesses like cancer and Parkinson’s Disease.
The astronauts will go without food for hours as they work in the harsh thermal vacuum of space, where the temperature can be as hot as 120 degrees Celsius in the sunlight, down to minus 160C when the Sun is out of sight.
To date, UK scientists have been involved in 17 cutting-edge experiments that have taken place on the ISS and 33 others that are currently being developed and readied for future flight. In total, more than 2,700 investigations from researchers in 108 countries have been accomplished aboard the orbiting facility.
David Kenyon, Managing Director at MDA UK based in Harwell, which designed and built ColKa using the RAL Space clean rooms on the Harwell Campus, said:
Two spacewalkers and their assistants are winding down today following two spacewalks in less than a week. There was also a harvest today aboard the International Space Station as the Expedition 64 crew learns about space agriculture.
7 thoughts on “Astronauts Wind Down After Spacewalk, Reap Space Harvest”
In the station’s Russian segment, Commander Sergey Ryzhikov worked on computers, life science hardware and Zarya module maintenance. Flight Engineer Sergey Kud-Sverchkov worked on orbital plumbing tasks and radiation checks then work on a pair of Earth observation experiments.
When will these astronauts return from space and where will they land.


I read some welcome news today about the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Life (SETI) project. They have started pointing a radio telescope in West Virginia at a list of stellar systems that are likely to have planets within habitable parameters (between 0 and 100 degrees Celsius). They have 1235 planets on the list, identified by the Kepler space telescope, and they will gather 24 hours of data on each planet. The Green Bank telescope can gather 300 times the amount of information as the radio telescope at Arecibo, so the data will be pouring in! Here’s where you come in. SETI uses the BOINC distributed computing infrastructure to process data using volunteer computers. All you have to do is install the BOINC screensaver, and tell it which project you want to join. There are many teams around the world—your team gets part of the credit for discovery if your computers discover the first verifiable signal from an alien intelligence. Join my team! We are called AstroScum, Team 747680. Even though we are only 3 strong now, our combined scores for data processing are better than 76% of the teams out there. But I suspect that there are some guys out there with access to server farms that are running the screensaver. The links to locate and sign up are in the right sidebar—please join!
Archive for the ‘astronomy’ Category


International Space Day?
International Space Day is a day dedicated to spread awareness of the mysteries of outer space beyond the twinkling stars. The day was created to promote the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields among young people. All over the world events are held at local schools, museums and planetariums. Scientific organizations provide highlights of historical flashbacks and pivotal research about all things celestial! It’s not just Science Fiction anymore!
When is International Space Day?
The first Friday in May.
May 3, 2019
May 1, 2020
May 7, 2021
May 6, 2022
May 5, 2023
May 3, 2024
May 2, 2025
May 1, 2026
May 7, 2027
May 5, 2028
May 4, 2029
Type of Holiday?
How is the day celebrated?
- The day encourages the public and especially the youth to learn more about space and space exploration
- Take a visit to NASA
- Listen to podcasts and learn about the breakthroughs in space travel, unmanned missions, and theories about space
- Visit the library or bookstore and learn about the celestial bodies out there, comets, the planetary system
- Visit your closest space museum and spend the day exploring the exhibitions and learn more about astronomy.
- Began as Space Day in 1997
- In 2001 Senator John Glenn pushed for the day to be renamed International Space Day in the hopes of widening the celebratory telescope lens on an international scale
- While the average driving speed on a highway is 65 mph – a spaceship travels 5 miles-per-second. That means the station circles the entire planet once every 90 minutes
- The tallest mountain in the solar system is actually on an asteroid, Rheasilvia
- The first all women space walk took place on October 18, 2019, with Christina H Koch and Jessica Meir.
Celebrities who celebrate their birthday on May 1st:
- Tim McGraw, Country Singer
- William Nylander, Hockey Player
- Kiss Daniel, Pop Star
- James Dorman, Actor
- James Murray, Comedian
- Wes Anderson, Writer, Director, Producer
- Abby Huntsman, Reporter
- Violante Placido, Italian Actress and Singer
- Susanne Wolff – German Actress
Popular Social Media Hashtags:
#internationalspaceday #spaceday #johnglenn


In order to have a glimpse of the Milky Way, we decided to get out of the light polluted Singapore and book a 3D2N stay at the Tunamaya Resort, Tioman Island. The location, at the southern tip of Tioman Island, would be perfect for watching the Milky Way rise from the south-east direction.
It was the last week of March and the Milky Way core would rise above the horizon and become visible in the wee hours of the morning. Our plan was to wake up at 2am to set up the camera and tripod at the sun deck; and prayed very hard for clear sky during our 2 nights’ stay. However, on the day we left Singapore, the weather forecasts were thunderstorms over many parts of Johor including Mersing.
The Location: Tunamaya Resort, Tioman Island
Beside planning to photograph the Milky Way we also wanted take a break at an island resort with clear blue water and beautiful corals. Even if the weather were to turn bad, we could still make use of the resort amenities e.g. massage at the SPA, a long meal at the restaurant or simply sipping cocktails at the bar.
Fortunately, the weather turned out to be better than expected. We snorkelled at the nearby coral reef, swam in the pool and took a long walk along the nature trail during our seemingly short 2 days’ stay. And we also had plenty of naps to make up for our lost sleep.
The Camera Gear and Milky Way Shooting
I brought my Fujifilm X-T1 mounted with the Samyang 12mm F2.0 and a Slik Sprint Pro II tripod – simple and lightweight setup. It’s the first time I’m shooting the stars with the X-T1 and my second outing to shoot the Milky Way. Being a newbie, I followed the settings recommended in the Astrophography 101 guides and tips by lonelyspeck.com.
On the first night, I spent most of the time learning to use the camera in the dark and trying to familiarise with the many knobs and dials of the X-T1. After which I took several test shots to try out different combinations of shutter speed and ISO; it wasn’t easy and quite tedious “chimping” the shots. Another challenge was trying to get the stars into focus. Despite using the MF Assist function on the X-T1, those tiny light specks were damn hard to focus.
By the time I was ready to take some shots, it was already past 4 am. Finally at about 6am, as the sky was brightening up, I captured a meteor streak across the core the of the Milky Way.
On the second night, with a little bit more experience, I got lucky and captured a shot of the lightning over the sky of Mersing and the Milky Way. No, the shot wasn’t taken with the interval timer function because I had yet to learn how to use it on this trip.
Looking back, I am happy with the Milky Way shoot but more importantly, I gained valuable experience for my next stargazing outing. As for the accommodation and location, I totally enjoyed the stay at the Tunamaya Resort.
How to Get Tioman Island by Express Bus and Ferry
From Singapore, you can take an express bus to Mersing Jetty and then the ferry to Tioman Island. The ferry timing depends on the tide and you may want to check the schedule here before booking your tickets.
At the time of writing, there were several express bus services from Singapore to Mersing Jetty: KKKL Express, The One Travel & Tours and WTS Travel. The express bus ride takes about 4.5 hours. From Mersing Jetty, the ferry will take about 2.5 hours to Kg Genting where the staff from Tunamaya will be waiting to take you to the resort in a speed boat.


A redesigned SpaceX cargo Dragon rocket is set to move altogether more science back to Earth one week from now than conceivable in past Dragon capsules, and is the first space station cargo capsule to splash down off the coast of Florida.
Also, key science experiments get back from the space station through NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida unexpectedly since the retirement of the space transport, NASA said in an assertion late on Friday.
The space experiments incorporate ‘Cardinal Heart’, which studies how changes in gravity influence cardiovascular cells at the cellular and tissue level utilizing 3D designed heart tissues, a kind of tissue chip.
On January 11, the SpaceX cargo Dragon shuttle doing the organization’s 21st commercial resupply services (CRS-21) mission for NASA will undock from the International Space Station (ISS), taking for splashdown off the coast of Florida around 12 hours after the fact.
“Sending science up to space and then receiving it again on the runway was definitely something in the shuttle days that we really took pride in, and being able to rejoin that process is great,” said Kennedy Space Center utilisation project manager, Jennifer Wahlberg.
Another experiment is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency study, ‘Space Organogenesis’, which exhibits the development of 3D organ buds from human stem cells to investigate changes in gene expression.
Results from this examination could show focal points of using microgravity for cutting-edge developments in regenerative medication and may add to the foundation of technologies expected to make artificial organs, NASA said.
The Bacterial Adhesion and Corrosion experiment recognize the bacterial genes utilized during biofilm development, looks at whether these biofilms can corrode stainless steel, and assesses the adequacy of a silver-based disinfectant.
‘Rodent Research-23’ includes the arrival of live mice. This examination studies the function of arteries, veins, and lymphatic structures in the eye and changes in the retina when spaceflight.
The point is to explain whether these progressions weaken visual function.
In any event 40% of astronauts experience vision impedance known as Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-visual Syndrome (SANS) on long-duration spaceflights, which could adversely affect mission success.
Disclaimer: The views, suggestions, and opinions expressed here are the sole responsibility of the experts. No Buzz Illustrated journalist was involved in the writing and production of this article.


- Space debris is causing issues | Space | EarthSky
Known orbit planes of Fengyun-1C debris one month after its disintegration by
the Chinese anti-satellite weapon test. Image Credit: NASA Orbital Debris
Program Office. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network tracks roughly ...earthsky.org/space/space-debris-a-growing-problem
- See All The Satellites And Space Junk Circling Earth In Real-Time ...
But Earth's orbit is actually crowded with a ton of stuff, from human-made
satellites to many smaller pieces of debris ... than 10 centimeters) spinning
around Earth right now, according to NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office.www.popsci.com/now-you-can-see-all-space-junk-floati...
- Earth, Clean Up Your Trash! | Space | Air & Space Magazine
Kessler's early research and identification of explosions as a producer of space
junk led NASA in 1979 to establish its Orbital Debris Program Office in Houston,
with him as senior scientist. Over the next two decades, NASA, ESA, and other ...www.airspacemag.com/.../34_aug2017-cleaning-up-space-jun...
- File:Debris-GEO1280.jpg - Wikimedia Commons
Approximately 95% of the objects in this illustration are orbital debris, i.e., not
functional satellites. The dots represent the current ... Source, NASA Orbital
Debris Program Office, photo gallery. Author, [[user:]] Permissioncommons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Debris-GEO1280.jpg
- NASA's Orbital Debris Optical and IR Ground-based Observing ...
Characterizing debris in Earth-orbit has become increasingly important as the
growing population of debris poses ... With this in mind, NASA's Orbital Debris
Program Office has actively tasked a suite of telescopes around the world. In
- Space Debris 07 Space Junk landing on Earth and in orbit
Credit: NASA, Orbital Debris Program Office. Jan 21, 2001, a Delta 2 third stage,
known as a PAM-D, reentered the atmosphere over the Middle East. The titanium
motor casing, weighing about 70 kg, landed in Saudi Arabia about 240 km from ...www.thelivingmoon.com/41pegasus/.../Space_Debris_07.html
- NASA Orbital Debris Program Office - Space ... - Satnews Publishers
2017年8月1日 ... The Space Debris Sensor (SDS) is scheduled to launch in the trunk of the
SpaceX 13 Dragon spacecraft capsule in November 2017, according to an article
in the just published Orbital Debris Quarterly News (ODQN) from ...www.satnews.com/story.php?number=1547330278
- Addressing the Growing Threat of Orbital Debris - AIAA
“Orbital Debris” refers to all of the pieces of leftover space hardware, including
remnants of satellites destroyed in ... 1 Johnson, N., “Introduction to Orbital Debris
,” briefing provided by the Orbital Debris Program Office, NASA Johnson Space.www.aiaa.org/.../ ...
- Space Junk Jeopardizes Earth's Space Environment – Science World
2017年4月24日 ... Delta 2nd Stage Stainless Steel Cylindrical Propellant Tank; landed in
Georgetown, TX (Photo: NASA Orbital Debris Program Office). Rick Pantaleo.
April 24, 2017. Share. Computer generated image of Earth's orbitral debis. View
is from a ...blogs.voanews.com/.../space-junk-jeopardizes-earths-sp...
- Wasted Space: U.S. Military Looking for Ideas on How to Curb the ...
As of July, when NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office published its most recent
quarterly newsletter, roughly 15,000 pieces of space junk were being tracked in
orbit by military monitors. (That catalogue only includes debris ...www.scientificamerican.com/article/orbital-debris-darpa/


Musk Space Sports Car Engraved with "Man Made Earth" on Circuit Board
Ultimately, this sports car is truly a mission to escape into space. In view of this launch, the SMIC-class rocket crashed during the recovery process and deviated from its target by about 100 kilometers. Currently, only one of the three recycling boosters is working properly, and two boosters have successfully returned.
Musk released a detail on his social media account on Feb. 7, triggering onlookers. In his space sports car circuit board, engraved with "mankind earth manufacturing." A few words of domineering were exposed, and netizens praised it.
On the stage, Musk talked about his excitement about space travel, sending Tesla sports cars into space and speculating about his fate in space. In addition, Musk discussed many negative things in the world. He said: "There are always many terrible things happening in the world. There are many problems that need to be solved. Many things make you miserable and disappoint you."
Muskka refers to SpaceX's recently launched Falcon heavy rocket. The rocket went into space with a red Tesla sports car (the sports car also had a dummy wearing an astronaut’s space suit).
Musk also responded to comments by Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, who once called the earth a cradle for humanity, but you can't stay in the cradle forever.
Musk stated that he was very excited about the idea of aligning Orkowski because he believed that humans should become interstellar creatures and expand the scope and scale of human consciousness. He said: "I found this to be very exciting. It makes me feel very happy to live. I hope you all feel the same way."


The Northern Lights, also commonly known as aurora borealis, are beautiful waves of light that can be seen from multiple countries including Iceland, Russia, Sweden Finland, the U.S. state of Alaska, Norway, south Greenland, Canada, and parts of Ireland.
This natural phenomenon occurs when the sun’s electrically-charged particles enter the earth’s atmosphere. Once inside, they collide with hydrogen and helium that emit the light and dancing waves called the Northern Lights.
Unfortunately, there’s no way for the average person to predict when they will occur. However, there are certain weather forecast and predictability apps that claim they can predict when they’ll occur. Still, take these apps with a grain of salt because this phenomenon is mostly unpredictable even in the best circumstances.
Best Time to See the Northern Lights in Ireland
The best time to see the Northern Lights is between the hours of 9:00 pm and 1:00 am from September to March. However, Northern Light activity can occur all year long. That being said, the Northern Lights are most visible on extremely dark nights, which is why September through the very tail end of March and even early April tend to be the most popular.
How Long do the Northern Lights Last?
In regards to the time of year they take place, we already mentioned September through March, however, how long can you expect Northern Lights activity to last if you’re outside looking at them?
Like the Northern Lights themselves, the answer is unpredictable. Some Northern Light activity can last all night, whereas sometimes it may only be visible for 10 minutes. The best rule of thumb is if you see it, pull over and take a look because you never know how long they’re going to last.
Best Places to See the Northern Lights
There are several fantastic places in Ireland to witness the dancing Northern Lights. These include:
Boarding Donegal is the picturesque village of Mullaghmore. Not only has this area earned the reputation of being a surfer’s paradise, but it’s also become quite well known for offering up clear views of the Northern Lights.
Dunree Head on the Inishowen Peninsula is considered one of the top places to see the Northern Lights. The Peninsula as a whole has great views of the Northern Lights, but if you’re looking for the best, we recommend heading to Dunree Head.
The view of the Northern Lights you see in Fanad Head is simply unreal. With a 270-degree view to the north, this spot is ideal for viewing the Northern Lights in all of their glory.
This small island located off the northern shore is a bit more secluded and has limited light pollution, making it even easier to see the Northern Lights. If you don’t mind taking a ferry to go see them, we highly recommend going to Tory Island.
Kerry Dark Sky Park
This park is a certified dark sky park. This means that there is no light, making it one of the darkest and least light-polluted places in all of Ireland. This dark sky park provides the ultimate opportunity to be able to see the Northern Lights without any sort of light pollution blocking your view.
This area is in the northernmost point of County Mayo. This is a small peninsula that provides completely unobstructed views of the north. You can see the Northern Lights all the way to the Arctic Circle from here with no light pollution or anything else obstructing your crystal-clear view.
Tips for Viewing Ireland’s Northern Lights
If you plan on viewing the Northern Lights, be sure to stay away from any sort of artificial lighting such as a street lamp, as this will take away from your viewing experience. The best way to experience the beautiful Northern Lights is by watching them from a wide, open area that gives you endless views of the nighttime sky like the locations briefly mentioned above.
Make Seeing the Northern Lights Even More Spectacular with a Roof Tent
And speaking of the sky, there’s no better way to experience the great outdoors and everything this big, beautiful world has to offer than an overnight camping trip. The roof tents from Mako56 turn the traditional camping experience on its head, as our tents allow you to set up camp anywhere that’s convenient for you.
Visit our website to shop our current inventory to see what rooftop tent will serve you best as you track down one of the most beautiful natural phenomena our planet has to offer. We are Ireland’s first rooftop tent brand. Our tents are easy to set up and can be mounted onto any type of vehicle, whether car, truck, camper van, or SUV. With a rooftop tent, you will get the most magical view of the Northern Lights Ireland has to offer.


With fresh approaches to quantum gravity, the big questions about the beginning of the universe and the possibility of time and space as particles are now seriously being considered.
The problem with Einstein's universe is that it lacks an underlying quantum theory. Physicists now believe that quantum physics is more fundamental than classical physics. As with all forces in nature, except for gravity, there is a classical theory and a fundamental quantum theory. For example, electromagnetism is a classical theory, and underlying electromagnetism, is quantum electrodynamics. Physicist Fotini Markopoulo Kalamara with the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics do not think that gravity should be exempt from this pattern. Classically, Einstein's theory of general relativity describes gravity, but what is yet to be found is the underlying theory, quantum gravity.
"Space and time are not at all our daily intuitive notions of three-dimensional space surrounding us and the time of our clocks; scientists want to know what space and time really are, and we do not yet know that," she said.
The tiny scale at which the microscopic structure of space and time becomes observable is the Planck scale. To get an idea of how small that is, imagine the ratio between the size of the earth and the size of a nucleus. The nucleus is a 100 trillion trillion times smaller than the earth. Now go down another 100 trillion trillion times: this is the Planck scale, where our understanding of space and time breaks down.
Yes in spite of the amazingly tiny scale, researchers can still do testable science. "Consider matter; we know that matter is made of atoms," she said. "However, scientists in the 1900s did not know that and were doubtful that we could ever test atomic theories of matter. The situation is similar with space and time. Are there atoms of space/time, and if so, can we 'see' them?" >from *Quantum physicist speaks on possibility of space/time atoms. february 15, 2003
> chandra discovers 'rivers of gravity' that define cosmic landscape. august 1, 2002
> search for gravity waves: another window into the universe. december 10, 2001
> GLAST Mission. GLAST (Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope) is a next generation high-energy gamma-ray observatory with launch anticipated in 2006. Possibilities of using gamma-ray bursts to detect quantum gravity effects (i.e indirectly detect space-time atoms).
> About the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Institute established itself as an international focal point of cutting-edge research in foundational theoretical physics, pursuing research in quantum gravity, string theory, quantum information theory and foundations of quantum mechanics.
> instrument variation for a planck scale


JEFFERSON CITY – On April 8, citizens across southern and southeast Missouri will have the chance to see a rare celestial event – a total solar eclipse.
The moon will block the sun’s light and cause a total solar eclipse to be visible across nearly 115 miles of Missouri. Visitors will come to the Show-Me State to witness the event, and numerous community events and festivals are planned along the path of totality. Missourians should make plans early to determine where they will view the eclipse, where they will stay and how best to avoid the extra traffic congestion after the eclipse.
“We anticipate large crowds with possible heavy congestion on the interstates and major highways especially after the eclipse is over,” said Missouri Department of Transportation Chief Safety and Operations Officer Becky Allmeroth. “If you are traveling for the event, leave early, stay put as long as possible and plan to stay after the end of the eclipse to avoid the peak traffic.”
Missouri will be one of 13 states from Texas to Maine to experience the path of totality. There are 31 million people in the United States who live inside the path of totality. A partial eclipse will be visible throughout the remainder of the continental United States.
The path of the viewing in Missouri will cover more than 115 miles of the state. Totality enters Missouri as it crosses the Arkansas State Line southwest of West Plains at 1:54 p.m. CDT. It will follow a diagonal line crossing over Poplar Bluff and exit Missouri at Cape Girardeau as it crosses the Mississippi River at 2:04 p.m. CDT.
Please follow these tips to drive safely on the day of the solar eclipse:
- Don’t stop along the interstate and no parking on the shoulder.
- Find a safe location to view the event and get there early.
- Watch out for increased pedestrian traffic along smaller roads. People may be randomly parking and walking alongside roads in the hour before the total eclipse to get the best viewing.
- Don’t take photographs of the eclipse while driving.
- Turn your headlights on and do not rely on your automatic headlights during the eclipse.
- Avoid travel during the eclipse or in the area of the main path if you can.
- Prepare for extra congestion, especially on interstates and other major roadways for the hours immediately following the eclipse.
- Check traffic conditions on MoDOT’s Traveler Information Map at http://traveler.modot.org/map/ also available as a free app at MoDOT Traveler Information.
- Have a full tank of gas and bring water with you in your vehicle.
For more information on Missouri’s solar eclipse events, visit https://www.visitmo.com/in-the-spotlight/2024-eclipse. For driving tips, visit MoDOT’s website at https://www.modot.org/2024-missouri-solar-eclipse. #Eclipse24 #MOEclipse24
More information on eye safety and scientific aspects of the event can be found on the NASA website at https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2024/


NASA commander Alan Poindexter told reporters that sex and romance is banned in outerspace. The funny thing is, the whole article is about three women in space together, LOL. Are they worried about something between them?
I would think zero gravity would make it pretty difficult to assume position, but I'm sure astronauts are very, very smart people and know the ins and outs of outerspace muscle control.
Also, I'd hate to be on that mission to Mars. Man, that's a mighty long time not to have sex. I wonder whether they'd allow vibrators. Of course, if one is lost in outer-space, floating forever, I can't imagine what an alien would make of it when he finds it.


As a watch enthusiast, I’m constantly drawn to the intriguing and beloved moonphase watch complication. These quirky, romantic, and scientific timepieces appeal to me on multiple levels with their unique display tracking the cycles of the luminous moon.
In this article, I’ll explain exactly what a moonphase watch is, explore the different design variations, provide a brief history, clarify how they work, and highlight reasons why you too should consider adding one of these special watches to your collection.
The Moonphase Complication: What Is It Exactly?
A moonphase watch is defined by its feature of displaying the current phase of the moon through a circular aperture on the watch dial. This aperture shows a representation of the moon itself, cycling through the phases like the:
- New Moon – The moon positioned between the earth and sun, rendering it invisible from our view.
- Half Moon (Right Side) – The moon about a quarter of the way through its orbit around the earth, with its right half illuminated by the sun.
- Full Moon – When the moon is opposite from the sun’s position, reflecting maximum sunlight and appearing as a complete illuminated disc.
- Half Moon (Left Side) – The mirror image of the right half moon, with the left portion visible.
There are two main types of moonphase watch designs and movements – the traditional mechanical, and the modern quartz version. Mechanical moonphase watches feature an actual moving moonphase disc driven by the watch’s movement, slowly rotating to display the progressing lunar cycle.
Quartz moonphase watches are battery-powered but precisely programmed to automatically display an accurate rendered image of the current moonphase, without needing a rotating disc mechanism.
The Bosom Moonphase Watch Design
The most common moonphase watch features what’s known as the bosom design. This places the semi-circular moonphase aperture at roughly 6 o’clock on the dial, often with a rendering of the earth or clouds in the lower portion.
The moon itself cycles through the different phases, waxing and waning from the right side of the aperture across to the left. Bosom moonphase watches are considered the most traditional and elegant style.
The Radial Moonphase Watch Design
An alternative layout is the radial moonphase design, placing the moonphase display in its own smaller subdial on the main watch face. Here, the moon doesn’t physically move, but small hands point to rendered imagery depicting the current phase.
The radial approach involves a different driving mechanism than the rotating bosom disc, but still accurately tracks the lunar cycle. Radial moonphases provide more emphasis and attention on this specific complication.
A Brief History of the Moonphase Watch Complication
While rudimentary moonphase calculations and astronomical mechanisms date back to ancient Greece, the inclusion of a lunar phase display on timekeeping devices didn’t emerge until many centuries later.
Moonphase watches have their origins in the 1500s and through the 16th century, as the complication started being incorporated into clocks, especially church and longcase (grandfather) clocks of the era. Displays of the moonphase were important tools not just for astronomy scholars, but for sailors navigating by the stars and tracking tides influenced by the moon.
It wasn’t until the 19th century that moonphase complications transitioned into pocketwatches, continuing their use for celestial navigation and tide calculations over the oceans. The invention of the wristwatch in the 20th century brought moonphases to the modern era, when Swiss watchmaker Patek Philippe debuted their first wristwatch with the feature in 1925.
The moonphase watch complication also went on to influence and enable more complex astronomical calendars and perpetual calendar watches able to accurately track long-term lunar cycles.
How Does a Moonphase Watch Work?
Let’s take a look at the inner workings powering the display of the lunar dance across our watch dials. At the center is the moonphase disc itself, containing two identical moon images, one for the waxing phases building up to full illumination and the other waning down to the new moon.
In traditional mechanical moonphase movements, a precisely calibrated gear train connected to the watch’s main gear train rotates the moonphase disc at the exact rate required to mimic reality – with one full revolution taking 59 days, or two full moon cycles of 29.5 days each.
Subtle adjustments and specially modified gears are needed to recreate the fractional daily increments through which the moon progresses phase by phase. It’s a delicate, intricate complication executed solely through the craftsmanship of the watchmaker and mechanics of the movement itself.
Quartz moonphase watches take a different technological approach, utilizing transistors and microchips programmed with the moon’s cycle to electronically trigger images depicting the accurate phase on the designated day. While not as romantically mechanical, quartz moonphases are often more affordable and maintain superior accuracy over longer durations before battery changes are needed.
Setting Your Mechanical Moonphase Watch
If you do own a fine mechanical moonphase watch, you’ll need to initially set and periodically adjust the complication to keep it in sync with the actual lunar cycle. Here are the basic steps:
- Set the hands to 6:30 – This is considered a safe zone for adjusting complications on mechanical watches without the risk of damaging components.
- Determine the current moon phase – Check an astronomical calendar or website to verify the exact phase the moon is in today.
- Adjust the moonphase disc position – Using the designated moonphase adjuster, move the disc to the appropriate full moon representation.
- Twist the crown forward – For each day that has elapsed since the last full moon, turn the crown forward one day to advance the moonphase to today’s phase.
While not difficult by any means, this periodic involvement is part of the appeal and sense of connection for many moonphase watch owners.
FAQs About Moonphase Watches
With the background on moonphases covered, let’s address some frequently asked questions:
What is the purpose of a moonphase watch?
While moonphase complications originated as practical astronomical tools for tracking lunar cycles important to astronomers, agriculturalists, and ocean sailors, their purpose today is predominantly for aesthetics, romantic intrigue, and appreciation of scientific principles.
Are moonphase watches worth it?
The worth and value of investing in a moonphase watch is highly subjective, but the complication can be found at a wide range of price points to match different budgets and interests. Timepieces with high-quality Swiss mechanical moonphase movements do come at a premium, but more affordable quartz versions provide this unique feature for as little as a few hundred dollars.
Why are mechanical moonphase watches so expensive?
The complexity of engineering and manufacturing a mechanical movement that accurately recreates the lunar cycle through a rotating disc governed by intricate gear modifications results in considerable expense for high-end moonphase watches from luxury brands. Lower cost mechanical examples from respected makers like Seiko and Orient can provide an intro to this hallowed complication at an accessible price range.
Conclusion: A Watch for All Seasons and Phases
From this exploration, it’s clear why moonphase watches hold such wide appeal across diverse audiences. The dress watch enthusiast is drawn to their elegance and traditional roots. Those with quirky, unique styles find the moonphase’s whimsical dance charming and fun. And for the scientifically or astronomically-inclined, there’s inherent engagement with this representation of our celestial companion’s ever-changing phases.
With a range of designs from the classic bosom to radial subdial styles, combined with both mechanical and quartz options spanning many price points, moonphase watches offer versatility to suit a variety of tastes and budgets. Their combination of history, mechanics, astronomy, and style results in timepieces transcending functionality to become miniature pieces of celestial art on the wrist.
Do you have a favorite moonphase watch in your collection? I’d love to hear about it and what drew you to add this romantic complication to your rotations. For those who don’t yet own one of these special watches, I encourage exploring the options and considering taking the plunge into the world of lunar timekeeping. You may find a moonphase is the perfect watch for all your wrist’s seasons and cycles.


The dozens of women who are powering New Horizons to a history-making July 14 flyby of Pluto look forward to the day when the conversation about gender becomes irrelevant.
NASA’s New Horizons mission is now transmitting the best pictures of Pluto we’ve ever had – and 25% of the team behind that are women. That statistic, while practically unfathomable 50 years ago, is, according to many on the team, now only remarkable for being borderline unremarkable.
Just a little something to put a smile on your face.
(thanks to Savannah Marstall for sending this in!)


Achtung: Da auf dieser Seite ein Projekt aus dem Forschungsumfeld vorgestellt wird, in dem vorwiegend in englischer Sprache kommuniziert wird und dementsprechend viele Fachbegriffe verwendet werden, für die es keine deutsche Übersetzung gibt bzw. durch deren Übersetzung der Inhalt dieser Seite leidet, finden Sie hier ausschließlich den englischen Text vor.
SOFIA, the „Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy“ is a joint project of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR; German Aerospace Center) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This so-called "flying observatory" features a 2.5 meter aperture infrared telescope, mounted in a Boing 747 SP airplane, which carries the telescope to the stratosphere at altitudes of about 12 km, where infrared extinction by water vapor is negligible.
Despite the challenging environmental conditions to which it is exposed, the wind load and vibrations of a flying aircraft, the telescope must be positioned with extreme precision. The SOFIA tracking system therefore is complex. redlogix contributed to the system engineering and developed the complete control software for two intelligent Tracker subsystems: the Master Control Processor and the Tracker Controller Processor, including camera controllers for three different guide cameras. In recent time we contributed to the tracking system modernization and imager upgrade efforts.
- Industrial PC
- Embedded Linux
- OO Design
- TCP/IP Networking
The heart of the SOFIA telescope is a parabolic glass-ceramic mirror with an aperture of approximately 2.50 m. The entire telescope construction has a weight of about 19 tons, located at the aircraft‘s center of mass. The major challenge involved in the development of the telescope control system was to meet the extremely high demands made by astronomers with respect to positioning accuracy. This problem was compounded by the rough operating environment encountered at altitudes of 12 km, and this is made all the worse by the vibration of the aircraft.
Pointing and tracking of such an airborne telescope is rather different then for a ground based telescope, since it is not directly coupled to the Earth rotation. Pointing in azimuth is primarily achieved by adjusting the heading of the carrier plane, since the telescope‘s slewing range in azimuth is only about ±2 degrees. In elevation, the telescope has an un-vignetted pointing range from 23° to 58°. The telescope is stabilized in an inertial reference frame by three gyroscopes.
The main task of the SOFIA tracking system is to compensate for residual deviations, mainly the gyro drift and other disturbances. In further contrast to a conventional telescope, due to the spherical mounting also the LOS rotation is an axis under control.
Telescope Control Software by redlogix
The telescope control system consists primarily of a distributed system based on VME bus. It includes intelligent systems such as the master control processor, the tracking controller, three camera controllers, the servo control unit, the secondary mirror controller and other components. TCP/IP is used for communication between the individual VME bus systems via Ethernet/fiber. The lower equipment level is coupled via CAN bus, for example, controls for the camera heads, filter wheels, the power distribution unit, the electronic components of the primary mirror, temperature sensors, etc.
redlogix developed all software for the Master Control Processor (MCP) and for the Tracking Controller (TRC) subsystems, including the camera controllers (CCP). The MCP‘s main purpose is to provide the central communication interface of the Telescope Assembly (TA) with the Mission Command and Control System (MCCS) and coordination of all subsystems involved in the operation of the telescope. The TRC Main application software is primarily responsible for the tracking loop and issuing motion correction commands to the TA Servo Control Unit, plus coordination of the three imagers, control of other periphery like filter wheels or temperature sensors and providing extensive monitoring information.
The MCP and TRC software is based on the VxWorks real-time operating system, while the modernized camera controllers use Linux. While VxWorks has its strength in hard real-time requirements, Linux provides a richer environment and platform for large applications with modest real-time demands. redlogix posseses expert knowledge with both operating systems.
Middleware developed by redlogix separates the application layer from the operating system and provides the project-specific services and infrastructure, including, for example, class libraries for the task system, inter-task communication, TCP/IP communication, data maintenance and logging. The highest level is the application level, which consists of an event-controlled, message-based multitask system. The task system is driven by the strictly priority-based preemptive scheduling of VxWorks. Each task implements an event driven state machine. Such events and all other data are exchanged between tasks by means of messages that are buffered in a separate message queue for each task. This type of architecture has been found to be extremely effective and is therefore frequently used by redlogix for more complex large scale real-time applications.
Object-Oriented Methods for Complex Controls
The MCP and TRC/CCP software was designed with an object-oriented architecture and has been implemented in ANSI C++.
The modern object-oriented approach, the application of design patterns and the implementation in C++ - even for small microprocessors with poor resources in deeply embedded devices - is one of redlogix‘ core competencies. We applied this to the SOFIA tracking system software with great success. Further, we provide training and products (see www.redblocks.de) in this area.


MOSCOW — A U.S. astronaut and his Russian crewmate arrived Friday at the Russian space center for medical checks following a failed launch that led to an emergency landing in the steppes of Kazakhstan. NASA’s Nick Hague and Roscosmos’ Alexei Ovchinin blasted off to the International Space Station from the Russia-leased Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan...
The Soyuz rocket carrying NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos' Alexei Ovchinin malfunctioned minutes after blasting off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the International Space Station; Kristin Fisher reports.
The two-man U.S.-Russian crew of a Soyuz spacecraft en route to the International Space Station was forced to make a dramatic emergency landing in Kazakhstan on Thursday when their rocket failed in mid-air.
The two-man U.S.-Russian crew of a Soyuz spacecraft taking them to the orbiting International Space Station had to make a dramatic emergency landing in Kazakhstan on Thursday when a rocket failed in mid-air.
BAIKONUR, Kazakhstan — Two astronauts from the U.S. and Russia were safe after an emergency landing Thursday in the steppes of Kazakhstan following the failure of a Russian booster rocket carrying them to the International Space Station. NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Roscosmos’ Alexei Ovchinin lifted off as scheduled at 2:40 p.m. (0840 GMT; 4:40...
Kazakhstan's Serik Konakbayev, a vice president of the international boxing association (AIBA), has filed an urgent appeal with the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) against his exclusion as a presidential candidate, CAS said on Tuesday.
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Sunday, September 7, 2008
Official Odds on CERN Large Hadron Collider Doomsday Black Hole: 99-1
So, some physicists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) decided that it might be fun to build a $10,000,000,000 toy called the Large Hadron Collider that shoots particles into each other at speeds which result in temperatures 100,000 times hotter than the sun, with the hope of discovering some new particles, micro black holes, and possibly extra dimensions. Its a sweet idea, to be sure. Theres just one problem: an itsy bitsy teeny tiny weenie meanie little chance that when they turn the thing on this Wednesday, they might create a black hole that eats up our entire solar system. That sure would be a bummer, dude.
Personally Im 99% sure they wont turn us all into cosmic dust. Im so sure, in fact, Im taking all bets at a 99-1 payout structure. You bet $1 that our planet will implode, and if it does, you win $99. I cant really accept wagers larger than $10,000 at this time for various legal reasons, unless you are paying in large unmarked bills.
But in all seriousness, I think we need to consider for a moment one of the reasons it is worth taking risks in science at all. See, we are currently stuck on this planet. We cant get off it and go live somewhere else if our lives depended on it. And thats a problem for the survival of ours and every other species on this planet. Recently I read an article that was discussing the likelyhood of other intelligent species living on planets in other galaxies, and they put the figure at something close to 100%. Given the number of galaxies in the universe (estimated 100-500 billion), the number of stars in each galaxy (500 billion average) and from what we have observed just on Earth, Mars, and the Moon, its almost a certainty that there is intelligent, civilized, technologically advanced life on other planets. So why didnt they ever find us? Playing the the newly release PC game Spore has certainly made me reconsider this question recently.
Sadly, the answer is that its very likely the advanced species never quite figured out how to make it out of their solar system, let alone their galaxy, and they died there. Just with basic rocket propulsion, you can boost around the solar system, but to actually escape the confines of our sun and make it to Alpha Centuari, we need to travel for 4.3 years at the speed of light. Its not possible with any current technology and may never be if we dont dedicate ourselves to uncovering the secrets of the universe. We cant let fear of the unknown stop us from advancing our understanding of physics, or any other science for that matter.
Sure, there is an incredibly small chance the physicists at CERN, no matter how brilliant and well-intentioned they are, made a grave miscalulation, and the mini black holes they seek to produce actually turn into planet eating ones. But if we dont unlock these secrets, and advance our understanding of the universe, our species is doomed to extinction on the floating rock we call Earth. It may not happen anytime soon, and its possible we may kill each other first, but I dont think the dinosaurs planned on a massive asteroid hitting earth either. Getting off our planet is only one of a myriad of problems and challenges that humanity faces, which science and science only can solve. If we want to overcome them, the general public must overcome its fear of science, and of things like stem-cell research, evolution, and high energy particle physics experiments - because these things are essential to a progressive civilization.
Although they are not studying propulsion technology at CERN, the results of their experiments could change they way we look at physics entirely. If the physicists at CERN were able to observe black holes, it would imply that we are actually living in at least 5 dimensions - that there is an entire underbelly to the universe which we cannot see and traditional physics cannot directly explain, but implies its necessary existence. The LHC's main goal is to fill the gaps that currently exist in the Standard Model, the grand theory governing the subatomic structure of the universe. That may mean finding traces of extra dimensions, or a whole new class of supersymmetric particles, or the causes behind dark matter and dark energy.
Filling the scientific gaps would almost certainly include getting a fix on the Higgs boson, which some physicists have dubbed the "God particle." The Higgs is the only particle predicted by the Standard Model that hasn't yet been found, and it could hold the key to understanding why some particles (like protons) have mass while others (like photons) do not. If you understand why some particles have mass and why some do not, you are that much closer to several next generation technologies which have only been speculated about up until this point, only one of which is new proulsion technology. Rocketry is not the apex of proulsion technology, its merely one point along the axis upwards towards travelling at the speed of light.
If you are interested in reading more about this subject, I can direct you for starters to an interview with Michelangelo Mangano, one of the physicists at CERN, who explains why the micro-black holes dont pose a threat to humanity, as well as several other interesting subjects regarding the LHC. The machine has been undergoing test runs and will begin its first real operation on Wednesday, September 10th, although the super high energy tests wont begin until October.
But just in the off chance that something goes wrong, its been fun knowing you all. You can collect your bets on the other side, just make sure to bring a photo ID.


|Night sky and the Andromeda Galaxy (bottom middle of image)|
Interested in a weekend of astronomy in the White Mountains? Join us October 24-26 at AMC Highland Center for an exciting "Mountains of Stars" program >>The presence of a large moon has had great effects on the evolution of the Earth and phenomena that affect us all, such as tides. While observing an eclipse can be a beautiful experience unto itself, it has deeper meaning as we recognize our personal connection to everything around us – even in space.
|Photo by Stacie Korroch/AMC Photo Contest|


Casper, WY USA, August 21, 2017
by Bob Smythe
Telescopes and amateur astronomy are hobbies for many optical professionals. Observing a total eclipse is a peak experience for any astronomer, as it dramatically gives a fleeting glimpse of the solar corona and a sense of the precision motions of the solar system.
My first and (to date) only eclipse was in July 1972 in New Brunswick, Canada, seen between thunder heads on a stormy afternoon. I swore that would not be my last. This year, after 45 years, was a chance to see another, and in clear skies of the American west. My expectations were not disappointed.
The Global Optics Community
This eclipse brought together friends and colleagues from around the world and showed me how much we have in common. The build up was enhanced through meeting with colleagues at international, OSA and SPIE conferences and tradeshows from late spring and through the summer.
OPTICS & PHOTONICS International Exhibition, Japan
While visiting Japan I met with Motosuke Kiyohara of Kiyohara Optics, Tokyo, Japan. We immediately found common interest in astronomy (Kiyohara even has a small telescope store next to their home office!) and I learned of his intention to observe the eclipse in Casper WY, my target city too. We agreed to meet for dinner the night before the eclipse IF we could get a hotel. After much frustration we finally got a hotel room and were able to meet as planned and enjoyed a wonderful evening with our Kiyohara friends and family.
OSA Optical Fabrication and Testing
At OF&T in July I met my friend Dave Stephenson (Jenoptik Jupiter FL). We discussed the eclipse and our intentions to travel to Wyoming. The problem was hotels. On Dave’s recommendation we booked a hotel closer to centerline. Upon checking in at the Ramada Cheyenne we ran into Dave and his wife adding a very pleasant surprise! Plus the hotel was a buzz of eclipse chasers with Sky and Telescope magazine hosting seminars in the hotel.
SPIE Optics & Photonics
At SPIE Optics and Photonics Senior Member breakfast the eclipse was the center of discussion. Three table members from Ball Aerospace, Boulder CO were heading up to Wyoming to observe the eclipse. The big question was how to deal with the traffic, but the excitement was building.
During the exhibits I ran into John Hayes. John and I were competitors for years as we worked to serve the same customers with our interferometers, he at Wyko and me at Zygo®. It was a pleasure to learn of his dedication to amateur astronomy and his intentions to view the eclipse in Oregon, his home state. We learned that we grew up within 10 Km of each other in the Detroit MI area, are were part of the same astronomy club, observed at the same sites and never knew each other!
Casper WY Festivities
Viewing solar prominences indicated the west side of the corona would be more active due to a sun spot coming into view on the eastern solar horizon and it was.
With near perfect skies Casper WY turned out to be a fortunate choice. The views of the corona and solar prominences were subtle and awe inspiring even through simple binoculars or simply the naked eye. This eclipse let me see how like minded the global optics community is, even previous competitors! Something to keep in mind and appreciate as we enjoy the pursuit of our careers.


Space Flight Ticket Price
Space Perspective, “the world’s first luxury spaceflight experience company,” announced that the booking process has begun for flight into space in late 2024. So, what’s the Space Flight Ticket price? $125,000 per person.
This six-hour experience will be done in a space balloon, known as Spaceship Neptune, with a size equal to a football stadium, with a bar and bathroom! According to Travel and Leisure, passengers will sail 20 miles (about 100,000 feet) above the Earth, with a 360-degree view of the Earth in a pressurized cabin. The individual seats can be fixed with a $1,000 refundable deposit. Also, the entire capsule can be booked for an $8,000 refundable deposit.
The trip, known as “radically gentle voyage,” will depart from Space Coast Air and Spaceport, across from Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States. Interestingly, the capsule offers Wi-Fi to passengers who want to share their experiences in real-time. There will be a two-hour trip with a water landing for the trip back home, and the ship will pick up the passengers and the capsule. The trip is regulated by the FAA Office of Commercial Spaceflight.


Amidst the myriad game vying for player attention in the wide galaxy of gaming some shine like stars and captivate player mind with their intelligence. A stellar masterpiece of this kind is Stellar Blade this game has made a name for itself in the gaming industry by enthralling player with a distinctive fusion of gameplay mechanics graphic and storytelling. Well go across Stellar Blade world and discover what make it stand out in the gaming universe in this article.
Storyline and World Building:
Stellar Blade is centered around a captivating story that take place throughout space. The world in which player find themselves is incredibly comprehensive full of different planet extraterrestrial life and historic civilizations. The storyline of the game has been painstakingly woven by it creator to combine cosmic mystery epic adventure and space opera giving player an engrossing backdrop for their galactic voyage.
Players assume control of the title character, a proficient explorer equipped with the fabled Stellar Blade a weapon fashioned in the center of a dying star. The plot develop as player travel across many star system coming acros mysterious people and learning the truth about a long lost interstellar civilization. Stellar Blade rich narrative improve the gameplay and beyond the concept of a space adventure game.
Stellar Blade graphic demonstrate how far gaming technology has come stretching the bound of what feasible to produce stunning and engrossing environment. The game provide a visual display that surpasse the majesty of the galaxy itself from the multicolored nebulae to the minute detail of extraterrestrial civilization.
The spacecraft celestial bodie and character design are all meticulously designed. Every planet is a different canvas full of delight and difficulties of its own The smooth transition between outer space and planetary surfaces add to the overall immersive experience. The visual in Stellar Blade add to the feeling of amazement and wonder that permeate the game and serve as more than just a Background.
The gameplay of Stellar Blade combine fighting exploration and puzzle solving to give player a dynamic and captivating experience. Because of the open world layout player are encouraged to explore the universe in a non linear manner and choose their own path Every facet of gameplay whether navigating asteroid field fighting fiercely in space or analyzing old alien technologie feel purposeful and Related.
The actual Stellar Blade become a crucial component of both fighting and solving puzzle. As they go player can upgrade and gain new power for the blade making it a more flexible instrument for overcoming cosmic obstacle The control scheme is designed to be easy so that player can move between battle and exploration with ease which add to the overall flow of the gaming Experience.
Community and Multiplayer Features:
Stellar Blade add community and multiplayer capabilitie taking space exploration beyond the solo experience. The social aspect of the game is enhanced with the ability for player to establish alliance join faction and take part in cooperative mission Player driven event are possible in the shared universe resulting in a living breathing galaxy that change in response to community activity.
The cooperative mission and space battle available in multiplayer mode provide a welcome diversion from the solitary experience. Stellar Blade multiplayer capabilitie enhance and extend the gameplay experience whether your playing interplanetary dogfights or collaborating with pals to take on difficult task.
In the vast realm of video game Stellar Blade stand out because it enthrall player with it intriguing cosmic adventure. The game exceptional fusion of captivating graphic captivating storytelling dynamic gameplay and community features catapult it to a stellar place in the gaming universe. For those seeking an engaging and immersive space adventure stellar blade is an amazing example of what can be achieved when creativity and technology combine in the vast expanse of the gaming world.


How much do you know about the planets?
As we all know our solar system has 8 main planets around our planet earth. But as much as we know about our planet one should know about other planets as well and our tech advancements have made it easier for us to know about how amazing other planets are. If you want to know how much you know about planets then take this quiz to find out.
Our solar system has 8 main planets including ours and as much we know about the planet our technological advancement has made it easier to know more about other planets around ours including the biggest star sun. Everyone should have basic knowledge about other planets and scientists are finding planets every day which is amazing. Let's see how much you know about the planets by taking this quiz.
If you want to see if you know about other plants and how much you know about them then take this quiz to find out as it is very easy and interesting. Everyone should know about the planets in our milky way galaxy.
You know about planets very well.
You have very basic knowledge about planets but you can always keep learning.
You know very little about planets but you can always learn more about them anytime you want.


Please note: Due to approval procedures the EOhopS project is currently on standby. Consequently no new applications for EOhopS credits can be accepted, until new budget for the project has been approved. Thank you for understanding, we will keep you updated.
EOhopS: EO data hosted processing for science
Within the Third Party Mission (TPM) scheme, ESA provides to Earth Observation users data from non-ESA missions, so-called Third Party Missions, to complement the data from ESA EO missions and to support and build up scientific user community for those data in Europe.
In order to gain access to the TPM data, ESA establishes co-operation schemes with the owners/operators of the TPM and/or procures data provisioning services.
Currently, TPM data is provided to users physically by download from ESA archives or from data providers’ servers. In the future, ESA intends to offer users also the possibility to process TPM data in hosted processing infrastructures. In that case, users will not download the original EO data, but only view and process it, and download results of their processing. In such a model, a number of challenges need to be tackled, as licence conditions of EO Data-as-a-Service, allocation of processing capabilities to users, connections of the processing infrastructure to TPM data providers for ordering and archive access, etc.
The purpose of this project is to gain experience with regard to those challenges and to test user acceptance of such a model. Scope of the project is to provide to scientific users access to EO data in a hosted processing infrastructure allowing them to process the data and download the results. ESA intends to issue an announcement of opportunity for this service. Upon evaluation of the proposals, ESA will allocate users certain budget to access and process EO data in the hosted processing infrastructure. ESA will then redirect users to a web-portal dedicated to this project, operated by CloudEO for the use of hosted processing service and consumption of the allocated budget.


I heard that four planets would be visible during today’s solar eclipse – Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter.
Well, we may not have had the solar eclipse visit us here in the Northeast today, but I do have my very own Ms. Mars sunflower to share!! 😉
A gift from my Mom this summer, for my deck garden.
Isn’t she beautiful??
Coming, and going!
Happy Solar Eclipse, everybody!! 😉
Between the humidity and the pile of work still in front of me, I won’t be heading out on a walk again this evening.
But look what I keep finding, just outside my own front door…
I soak it all up, like a hummingbird with nectar, and bring it right back into the studio to inspire me and feed my work.
Isn’t the creative life something??
In search of a smiling face this morning…
And right outside my door, just look what I found!
No matter where you live, who you love, what you dream of…
I hope you find a face like this one in your world today.


There is nothing that inspires dreams more than looking at the stars. The mysterious twinkling. The sudden shooting stars. The dance of the planets. And more and more a feeling asserts itself: all this is connected. This pale glow has something to do with me. The moon moves the seas, we circle the sun, we dream of Venus. All of this belongs together. We are part of an intergalactic connection. When you let that sink in - how could you not be touched?
Our new Sphere collection is all about everything being about us - and us being about everything. It's about connection. Because never has it been more important to know that this still exists: real touch that moves. Not only in cosmic space, but also in the interpersonal.
Let us stay connected. Because without you we would be lost in space.


According to Vedic Astrology, Planet Mercury governs communication, thinking ability, personal ideas, logical and intellectual ability. It is associated with the setting of goals and achieving them through concrete actions. Retrograde Mercury affects speech abilities, decision making abilities and causes communication hindrances. It signifies a period of introspection, a time to reconsider past decisions made, make amends and settle problems.
A retrograde motion of a planet is just an apparent phenomenon that happens when seen on Earth. When a Planet is in Retrograde, it appears to be going back. Actually, no planet has a retrograde motion. All Planets except Sun and Moon appear to go back in stages: Forward to stationary, stationary to retrograde, retrograde to stationary, stationary to forwarding.
While orbiting between the Sun and Earth, Mercury gets closer to earth during this period. The approximate motion of Mercury is 2 ½ degrees per day. Mercury retrogrades thrice a year for approximately 20 – 26 days total period. During this year 2018, Mercury Retrograde happens three times:
- Mercury Retrograde in Pisces – March 22nd – Apr 15, 2018
- Mercury Retrograde in Cancer – July 25th – Aug 18th 2018
- Mercury Retrograde in Scorpio – November 16 – December 6th 2018
When Mercury goes retrograde, difficulties and obstacles emerge and it can influence a person`s behavior, intelligence, decision making abilities. Negative influence of the Retrograde Mercury can make a person change decisions often resulting in unnecessary complications. Mercury rules Media and Telecommunication and this period may cause technical breakdowns. This period is not considered to initiate new endeavors.
- Regular prayers to Lord Vishnu and chanting of Vishnu Sahasranama will help to solve problems caused due to ill effects of Mercury Dasha.
- Fasting of Wednesdays may bring favorable results.
- Sweets like ladoos should be offered and distributed at Ganesha Temple on Wednesdays.
- Cows must be fed with green leafy vegetables on Wednesdays.
- Watering tulsi plant daily attracts positive vibrations.
- Charity should be made to orphans or poor children


Bandera High School is proud to announce that student Savannah Lasiter has been selected for a unique STEM opportunity with the Texas High School Aerospace Scholars (HAS) program. NASA aims to cultivate the next generation of engineers, scientists, researchers, and innovators, and HAS provides a distinctive experience for Texas high school students interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers.
The program kicks off this fall with an engaging online interactive course covering various NASA activities related to space exploration, Earth science, technology, mathematics, and aeronautics. Participants will tackle design challenges, including 3D drawings, science quizzes, discussion posts, technology writings, and monthly webinars featuring NASA scientists and engineers.
Students with the highest scores will have the opportunity to apply their training at NASA itself. There, they will receive guidance from experienced scientists and engineers, collaborating with peers from across the state to tackle hands-on design challenges and develop a mission plan for a journey to Mars. Congratulations to Savannah Lasiter on this remarkable achievement, and we wish her success in this exciting STEM adventure!


In Physics, we come across an idea once in a while, that simply floors us and makes us wonder why no one thought of this before? One such idea came from a Scottish physicist Peter Higgs, who had predicted in the 1960's, that there has to be another elementary particle, which would create a mass out of an energy field and would exchange it with another sub atomic particle before decaying it into Photons. This idea( now proved experimentally) completed our understanding of the basic structure of universe, consisting of 12 types of basic particles and four types of fundamental forces that control these particles, to build the structure of the universe. The basic particles include Quarks of 6 types, Electrons and some more particles, which have a short, transitory life. Most of the particles from this list have masses, but Photons have no mass and move at the speed of light. The four forces that gather atomic and sub-atomic particles at designated places, assemble them in required order and then hold them together permanently are the Gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces.
Let's move now from the tiniest to one of the giants of the universe. John Michell (1724 – 1793) was an English clergyman and natural philosopher who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields. He and Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (1749 – 1827), a French mathematician and astronomer, whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy and statistics, had predicted in as early as 18th century, a possibility of existence of objects in the universe, whose gravitational fields are too strong for light to escape.
Karl Schwarzschild (1873 –1916) was a German physicist and astronomer. In the same year that Einstein first introduced general relativity, he had found the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-rotating mass. But it took another 43 years before Schwarzschild's solution could be applied to a region of space from which nothing can escape, Finally, during 1960's theoretical proof of the existence of such regions of space from which nothing can escape (now known as Black Holes) was given as a generic prediction of general relativity. Today, a Black Hole is defined as region of spacetime from which gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping. In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Astronomers have been able to identify numerous stellar black holes in the universe and even in the core of the Milky Way a supermassive black hole exists of the size about 4.3 million solar masses.
Readers are likely to question me about bringing together these two entities that are as further apart as it could be. The subatomic particles have tiniest of masses, whereas a Black Hole has a mass of millions of Suns. But that is exactly why, I have said above that once in a while, we come across an idea that simply floors us and makes us wonder why no one thought of this before?
Ashoke Sen, is a scientist working at Harish Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad in India. Mr Sen has come up with an incredible idea that somehow there is a connection between black holes and elementary particles. He says and I quote:
“ Normally we think of elementary particles as tiny objects. On the other hand, black holes can come in all sizes but normally we think of them as big objects from which even light cannot escape. My work indicated that if we consider smaller and smaller black holes, at some stage the properties of black holes become indistinguishable from those of elementary particles. Thus elementary particles may be thought of as small black holes and vice versa.”
Mr Sen acknowledges that the idea was first suggested by a Dutch theoretical physicist, Gerardus 't Hooft and Leonard Susskind , Felix Bloch professor of Theoretical physics at Stanford University. But he says that the calculations based on black holes and elementary particles did not match. The reason for this mismatch could have been the fact that the calculations for black holes were not reliable when the black holes are small. Because of this 't Hooft and Susskind suggestions could not be verified.
In 1995, working on this problem, Mr. Sen was able to identify a specific system with large amount of symmetry that allowed him to do this calculation reliably. The results from these calculations on black holes indeed matched those of the elementary particles in that system, giving concrete evidence that small black holes indeed describe elementary particles.
Mr Sen's work has been now awarded as he is one of the three recipients (The other two are Andrew Strominger and Gabriele Veneziano) of the 2014 Dirac Medal awarded by International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) this year. Dirac Medal, first awarded in 1985, is given in honour of P.A.M. Dirac, one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century.
I find the idea just absolutely fantastic. A tiniest and a colossal, behaving in identical fashions. This should certainly help us deepen our understanding of the physical processes that go on continuously in the universe.
22nd August 2014


The 14-year-old Subaru Telescope on Hawaii’s Mauna Kea has gotten the equivalent of a new pair of spectacles. And the first celestial object it looked at, producing a picture released today, is the Andromeda galaxy. Subaru’s 8.2-meter-mirror makes it one of the world’s largest optical telescopes. Its new Hyper Suprime-Cam digital camera has a field of view seven times larger than its previous camera, allowing it to capture the entire Andromeda galaxy in a single shot instead of the multiple exposures previously required. The new camera also has 870 million pixels, more than 10 times the number of its predecessor, ensuring high-resolution images. These capabilities will be put to use surveying hundreds of galaxies to determine their distance, brightness, motion, and chemical composition. And that, researchers say, should lead to an understanding of the evolutionary history and fate of the expanding universe.
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This special event from STEM with Wings is an opportunity for your class to find out about the amazing zero-gravity Mars helicopter and the Mars Rover Robotic Arm.
Classes will hear NASA engineer Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu’s inspiring story from Ghana to the UK to NASA, have a chance to ask him questions, and will take part in his engineering design challenge inspired by nature.
Don’t miss this amazing opportunity to spend an hour with one of the engineers behind NASA’s incredible mission to the Red Planet. Book your free place on 2 May at 2-3pm (suitable for KS2).
NASA engineer Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu lives on earth – but he works 33 million miles away on Mars, operating the Mars Rover Robotic Arm for NASA.
The Arm is fundamental to NASA’s Mars missions. It enables the missions to explore and investigate the planet and to conduct their experiments. Without the Arm, there would be no way even to move the scientific equipment from the spacecraft to the planet surface.
Ashitey has worked on every Robotic Arm sent to Mars and has a vast experience of inter-planetary robotics. It’s not only the Arm. Ashitey was also in the team which designed and built a helicopter – named Ingenuity, or Ginny – taken to Mars in 2020 and still operating there.
Ashitey sends instructions to NASA equipment on Mars on a daily basis, advancing the mission and troubleshooting when there are unexpected problems.
“Sometimes a problem seems intractable,” he says, “but we are engineers. We love to solve intractable problems!”
Ashitey was born in Ghana and traces his early fascination with engineering to the view from his garden of Accra airport – in particular the action of the wheels deploying for landing. He moved to the UK for university and his passion for robotics took him to the USA and NASA – and his robots to Mars.


A comedy that follows the chaos that ensues when a meteor hits the Earth carrying alien life forms that give new meaning to the term "survival of the fittest." Dr. Ira Kane and Prof. Harry Phineas Block, are assigned the job of checking the site out. At the site, they discover organisms not of this planet. Soon the site is taken over by the government, forcing Ira and Harry to the side. As the new life-forms begin to evolve and start to get more and more dangerous, it's up to the two professors to save the planet.


And so it begins…..
Thursday nite was officially the beginning of the Eclipse portal. We have another Lunar Eclipse with an added quick and dirty Mars on the 27th ++++ finally a Luscious Leo Eclipse August 11th. The portal officially closes August 17th.
And yes this is gonna be a ride so buck up buttercup.
Why? You may ask, am I calling this a ride?
First of all these are not ordinary new & full moons. These are way more magical.
Eclipse season happens 2times a year and although their occurrences aren’t all that rare, the way that an eclipse happens from an astronomical point of view is. Plus we are moving from the Leo Aquarius axis to the Cancer Capricorn axis for the next 18months….so a big energetic shift is in play.
Eclipses happen when the the location of a new and/or full moon fall within 19 degrees of the karmic nodes of the moon.
What are the nodes of the moon?
The lunar nodes are the orbital nodes of the Moon, that is, the points where the orbit of the Moon crosses the ecliptic (the aparent path of the sun across the sky.) The ascending or north node is where the moon crosses from south of the ecliptic to north of the ecliptic.–wikipedia
Any contact with the nodes are deemed auspicious, dangerous & destiny portals.
The Node of the Moon myth goes like this.
In Vedic Astrology (from India) the nodes of the moon are named Rahu (Head of the Dragon) and Ketu (Tail of the dragon.)
What happens during an eclipse is that the “dragon” swallows the luminaries (the sun & moon) of the night sky and the earth is left without light. So momentarily what happens from the perspective of us earth dwellers is that the “lights” go out. Imagine being in a room and someone suddenly shutting off the light switch and then on again.
The effect created is suddenly we become aware of things that we were not aware of before. A lot of times it can be drastic and feel like you are riding on a rollercoaster ride because now you have to adapt to situations that just a a moment ago you thought were totally “normal.”
Look to what house Leo & Aquarius as well as Cancer & Capricorn fall in your natal chart to know where in your life this is inviting you to do some SERIOUS UPGRADING.
From a spiritual perspective these eclipses are portals that invite us to let go…..of patterns of behavior that no longer serve our highest good. Everything speeds up. So if we are riding the “dragon” instead of fearing the dragon (the yucky feelings and/or shadows of the psyche) then we can evolve at warp speed and move swiftly through the portal. Imagine the sci-fi movies where you are able to pass through time at light speed via holes in the galaxy. It is the same concept.
SO what to do about it?
1. Up your meditation practice
2. Release the tension point where you are holding onto anything…desires, possessions, relationship dynamics, ideas….
3. Surprise Yourself- be the change maker
4. Avoid dramatic scenarios, peeps and people that seem to suck your energy. –in ye-olden days astrology-these portals were said to allow in parasitic energies from other parts of the universe….were-wolves, qi-vampires, succubus,etc…
5. Be careful with your words and actions. Karma is highly at play during these times. Whatever you say and do literally ripple out over lifetimes.
6. Take adaptogens- (in herbal medicine) a natural substance considered to help the body adapt to stress and to exert a normalizing effect upon bodily processes.
A well-known example is ginseng.
Another is Tulsi-sacred basil
(these are all readily available as teas, message me if you need help in procuring.)
Flower Essences such as Star of Bethlehem and Walnut or Rescue Remedy
Get acupuncture and or any therapy that boosts your immune system, increases circulation and releases endorphins.
7. Work your HAIR, STYLE, FASHION MOJO
Especially for the LEO Eclipse –
Leo loves to look good!
This is Fabulous for artistic inspiration, theatre, healthy drama & love affairs, flamboyance and YES PARTIES!
I’m personally rocking this path:
If you do nothing but challenge yourself to train your body well during Mars Retrograde (which is tied into this Eclipse) you will have done tremendous work to understand the immense satsfaction of strengthening your WILL …. not your ideas.
Both the 1st and 3rd eclipse in this series are on the North Node so HUNGER issues arise.
Do you have hunger “issues?”
IE your hunger is too strong, too weak, or your hunger fluctuates all the time? Then you need to listen to this. And not just for food peeps. Your desires….. for all the LEO themes…..fame, the spotlight, control, pride, creativity, romance, children, creativity, power.
Ok my loves, that’s all for now…..
Love & Stardust xoxoxo


Mensa Michigan Science Center Meetup
Sunday, May 26
Michigan Science Center
5020 John R St, Detroit, MI 48202
Calling all gifted families! Join us on an exciting adventure to the Michigan Science Center, a world where curiosity meets discovery, sparking the imaginations of all ages. From the wonders of space exploration in the planetarium to the thrilling principles of physics and chemistry brought to life through dynamic demonstrations, there’s something to ignite the curiosity in each of us.
General admission is $18/person. Please RSVP by May 20th at https://tinyurl.com/MSC-Mensa


Welcome to the home of Meteoritics & Planetary Science at the University of Plymouth!
This blog is the home of all things planetary for researchers and students at the University of Plymouth. Part of the Faculty of Science & Engineering, Plymouth Planets is a new, interdisciplinary research group that uses various methods to study meteorites, planets, asteroids and moons.
Research highlights will be posted on the blog alongside student profiles, news articles, conference & meeting reports, outreach activities etc. Find out more about the team, who we are and what we do, in the ‘About’ section and check back frequently for news of any events that Plymouth Planets are working on.
Get in touch using Twitter (@PlymPlanets) or the ‘Contact’ form.


Kennedy Space Center, Florida, T-shirt
The NASA logo
The NASA logo is recognized all over the world as a mark of technological excellence and outstanding bravery. Now is your chance to buy this original NASA t-shirt.
I Love Florida
I’ve spend many wonderful days, weeks and months in sunny Florida and I have explored the Sunshine State and bought valuable t-shirts on my trips. This original NASA logo t-shirt was purchased at the Kennedy Space Center Visitors Complex in January 2014.


The BornAgain I/O module supports only a few file formats:
tiff and our own internal format. This might be not enough when it comes to the fitting of data obtained from some particular instrument.
However, we fully support fitting of the data presented in the form of
The fitting workflow is as follows:
In the code snippet below we show how to create a numpy array from a file in
edf format using the fabio library.
import fabio img = fabio.open("experimental_data.edf") print(img.header) data = img.data.astype("float64")
Later in the code this data array can be used to setup a fitting job.
import bornagain as ba fit_objective = FitObjective() fit_objective.addSimulationAndData(simulation_builder, data)
The BornAgain I/O module supports a limited amount of file formats:
tiff and an internal text format
If the file name contains
.bzip2 extensions, the module considers them as compressed and performs uncompressing on-the-flight.
import bornagain as ba data = ba.IOFactory.readDatafield("experimental_data.int.gz")


Imagine a big couch in front of a wall projecting a book, instead of movie nights would be book nights :3
Why Is The Sun Called A 3rd Generation Star?
Shortly after the big bang, most of the atoms in the universe were hydrogen. (Trace amounts of helium and lithium, but for all intents and purposes, hydrogen was pretty muc ‘it.’)
Those first stars, through fusion, began creating heavier elements, as heavy as iron. Some of those stars were massive enough to “go” supernova, and create even heavier elements.
Our sun, and the planets that orbit it, all formed from a nebulous cloud of a star that had previously gone supernova. Based on the amount of heavy elemnts in our solar system, there must have been at least two predecessor stars to have been “precursors” to our sun and it’s planets.
The sun, being about 4.5 billion years old, vs. a galaxy that is estimated to be about 13.7 billion years old, seems to have formed in the timespan when 2nd and 3rd generation high-mass stars would have been going supernova. So we have methods that support this statement.
pineapple flash tattoo done by Anali De Laney from Never Say Die Tattoo Harrisburg PA. facebook.com/delaneyink. instagram- @delaneyink
oh my god if you type a word into wiki answers they put related questions over pictures of thoughtful people i am dying


iSETI: Interstellar Space Exploration Technology Initiative
<![if !supportLists]> <![endif]>Unifying Gravity with the Atomic Scale Vol. (II),
Scholarís Press 2019,
<![if !supportLists]> <![endif]>Unifying Gravity with the Atomic Scale,
Scholarís Press, 2017
<![if !supportLists]> <![endif]>An Introduction to Gravity Modification:† A guide to using Laithwaite's and Podkletnov's experiments and the physics of forces for empirical results.
Universal Publishers, Boca Raton, 2nd Ed., 2012.
<![if !supportLists]> <![endif]>Papers Published
<![if !supportLists]> <![endif]> Discovered the massless formula for gravitational, mechanical and electromagnetic acceleration, g=τc2. An achievement that none of our contemporary RSQ (Relativity, String & Quantum ) theories have achieved.
 Developed from the physics, the engineering design principles for gravity modifying engines.
 Discovered the alternative to the Schrödinger Wave Function, the Probabilistic Wave Function, leading to better lasers, lithography and the basis for interstellar travel.
 Proved that the gravitational constant is a coefficient, not a constant and it is highly probable this does away with dark matter.
 Proposed how probabilities are implemented in Nature. Quantum Theory does not even ask this question!
 Proved that probabilities are different from randomness.
 Addressed the galaxy rotation anomaly and proved that black holes have 2 event horizons – internat & external.
<![if !supportLists]>  <![endif]> Huffington Post
<![if !supportLists]>  <![endif]> Lifeboat Foundation
Contact: ben . t . solomon at out look . com


You were scheduled to rendezvous with a mother ship 200 miles away on the lighted surface of the moon, but the rough landing has ruined your ship and destroyed all the equipment on board except for the 15 items listed below. Due to mechanical difficulties, however, your ship was forced to land at a spot some 200 miles from the rendezvous point. from NASA Your spaceship has just crashed on the moon.
Alan Shepard Jr. What … As NASA looks forward to putting the first woman and next man on the Moon by 2024, a public engagement program designed to increase awareness of lunar science and exploration celebrates its 10th year on Oct. 5. Who was the first American man in space? 28-30. Most pressing survival need : 1: Stellar map (of the moon's constellations) Primary means of … You are a member of a space crew originally scheduled to rendezvous with a mother ship on the lighted surface of the moon. Note: Apollo 15 Command Module pilot Aldfred "Al" Worden died March 18, 2020 in Texas. 1, pp.
After, a 12 year difference. During Apollo 15's July 1971 lunar mission, Worden earned a record as “most isolated human being" while his crew mates roamed the lunar surface, and he was 2,235 miles away from anyone else. NASA, Space, Earth, Sun, and Moon quizlet. Credit: NASA | › Full Image and Caption. Who was the first man in space? Find out now with our quiz! Science Activities: Vol. Test your knowledge on this miscellaneous quiz to see how you do and compare your score to others. Can you pick items that will ensure your survival on the moon as suggested by NASA (1 being highest priority, 15 being least important)? Start studying NASA Exercise: Survival on the Moon. How much do you know about this historic event?
After, an 11 year difference. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. What comes first- Mercury missions or Gemini missions? STUDY. Can you pick items that will ensure your survival on the moon as suggested by NASA (1 being highest priority, 15 being least important)? How much do you know about the scientists, engineers, … (1971). Was NASA founded before or after Explorer 1? NASA Exercise Handout. NASA Science Solar System Exploration. Shortly after Vice President Mike Pence directed NASA to return humans to the moon by 2024, reactions ranged from excitement to bewilderment.
Quiz by SpicyMcHaggis Explore Earth › Explore Earth Earth's Moon Our constant companion makes Earth a more pleasant place to live. Was NASA founded before or after Sputnik 1? Yuri Gagarian .
There was a lot more to the moon landings than just walking around (Source: NASA) Moon landing trivia Quiz That’s one small step for man and one giant heap of questions we could ask trivia buffs. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has been exploring space for more than 50 years. So when America put a man there, it changed how humans thought of the moon, and our own powers, forever.
NASA is exploring the possibility that future inhabitants of the Moon and Mars, not to mention the Earth, may live in homes grown from fungi. Explore the Moon › Explore the Moon Featured Destination Mars The only planet we know of inhabited entirely by robots. PLAY. To earth's primitive peoples, the moon was an unattainable celestial object, even a god! See results from the NASA Moon Survival Game Quiz on Sporcle, the best trivia site on the internet! Survival on the Moon… or “The Nasa Game”. 5, No. Mercury Missions. Skip Navigation. Earth Day at 50 Earth The only planet we know of with life .. and lots of it.


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Walter Cunningham, the last living astronaut of NASA’s first crewed space flight in 1968, has died at the age of 90, the US space agency announced on Tuesday.
Cunningham, whose 1968 Apollo 7 mission opened the way for the first human moon landing a few months later in 1969, died on Tuesday morning in Houston, a NASA statement said.
“Walt Cunningham was a fighter pilot, physicist, and an entrepreneur – but, above all, he was an explorer. On Apollo 7, the first launch of a crewed Apollo mission, Walt and his crewmates made history, paving the way for the Artemis Generation we see today,” NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said.
“NASA will always remember his contributions to our nation’s space program and sends our condolences to the Cunningham family,” Nelson added.
Following his death, Cunningham’s family also paid tribute to the late astronaut: “We would like to express our immense pride in the life that he lived, and our deep gratitude for the man that he was – a patriot, an explorer, pilot, astronaut, husband, brother, and father. The world has lost another true hero, and we will miss him dearly.”
Born in 1932 in Iowa, Cunningham earned a Bachelor of Arts with honors in physics in 1960 and a Master of Arts with distinction in physics in 1961 from the University of California. In 1974, he completed a doctorate in physics with exception of thesis at the Harvard Graduate School of Business.
Cunningham joined the Navy in 1951 and flew 54 missions as a night fighter pilot in Korea, according to the NASA statement. “Cunningham has accumulated more than 4,500 hours of flying time in 40 different aircraft, including more than 3,400 in jet aircraft,” it added.
In 1963, he was chosen as a member of NASA’s third astronaut class. Cunningham served as the backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 1 and the lead crew for cancelled Apollo 2 before being assigned to the Apollo 7 crew.
For the first human flight test of the Apollo spacecraft, Apollo 7, he was chosen as the lunar module pilot for the 11-day mission.
“With Walter M. Schirra, Jr. and Donn F. Eisele, he tested maneuvers necessary for docking and lunar orbit rendezvous using the third stage of their Saturn IB launch vehicle,” the NASA statement said.
“The crew successfully completed eight tests, igniting the service module engine, measuring the accuracy of performance of all spacecraft systems, and providing the first live television transmission of onboard crew activities,” it added.
The Apollo 7 craft members including Cunningham earned an Emmy in the form of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Special Trustee Award.
“The 263-hour, 4.5-million-mile flight splashed down Oct. 22, 1968, in the Atlantic Ocean,” it added.