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“That’s one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind.”
— Neil Armstrong, Commander, Apollo 11
July 20 marks the 50th anniversary of one of the most remarkable moments in human history. Astronaut Neil Armstrong opened the hatch of the lunar landing module Eagle and stepped out onto the surface of the Moon.
The moon landing, given the mission code of Apollo 11, was an extraordinary feat of engineering, science and aviation, a breathtakingly risky undertaking that grew out of Cold War competition with the Soviet Union, which had its own aggressive space program.
Exploration has been part of the American makeup since the days when fur trade companies sought a Northwest Passage to China and since Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led an expedition across the continent to determine just what President Thomas Jefferson had purchased from the French. President John F. Kennedy consciously evoked the American frontier spirit in his acceptance speech for the 1960 Democratic nomination for President of the United States:
“We stand today on the edge of a New Frontier — the frontier of the 1960s, the frontier of unknown opportunities and perils, the frontier of unfilled hopes and unfilled threats. … Beyond that frontier are uncharted areas of science and space, unsolved problems of peace and war, unconquered problems of ignorance and prejudice, unanswered questions of poverty and surplus.”
The New Frontier of space beckoned as his administration stepped into a space race that had been hot since the Soviets sent up a successful satellite called Sputnik in 1957. In 1962, Kennedy set the goal landing a man on the Moon by the end of the decade:
“We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of preeminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours.
“There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again. But why, some say, the Moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask, why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?
“We choose to go to the Moon! We choose to go to the Moon…We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win, and the others, too.”
Kennedy, of course, did not live to see the fulfillment of this vow; his slaying in November 1963 was a harbinger of a tumultuous decade that would divide American society and culture in ways that still affect us today. But through all of the turmoil of the Civil Rights era, Vietnam and tensions with China and the Soviet Union that seemed to threaten nuclear annihilation, the NASA space program soldiered on. Through deadly setbacks, the Apollo program moved steadily toward its goal and on July 16, the Apollo 11 crew of Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins sat in a capsule atop a giant ballistic missile and were blasted into space.
1969 was a wild, weird and terrible year — but for a few days in July, just about everyone could stand for a moment in awe at mankind’s ability to achieve great things. A giant leap, indeed. We don’t send astronauts to the moon anymore. There are a lot of reasons for that, but the cost and a lack of any unifying purpose in doing so probably top the list. As Clara Moskowitz reported a decade ago at space.com:
During the Apollo years NASA’s budget was almost five percent of the federal budget. Now, it’s less than one percent.
“We understand the technologies that will be necessary, but it’s going to take an investment to do that,” said Roger Launius, space history curator at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum. “That’s the rub.” During the 1960s, many Americans felt the expense of Apollo was justified because of its importance to national security during the cold war. Today, some people question whether human space exploration is as valuable.
“There are not compelling publicly-held reasons for doing this,” Launius said. “Without a rationale that everybody understands and can buy into, it’s a very hard sell to get the resources to do it.”
It’s hard to say whether taking another shot at the Moon or landing people on Mars is worth the massive expenditure of resources. Maybe we’ve got enough to do right here on Earth. But it’s hard not to view the footage of that signal moment 50 years ago and not feel an ache for a grand goal and effort “that will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win.”
Traven Torsvan says
Good post, my sister works at the University of Minnesota’s natural history museum and they are having an exhibit on the Apollo landings, worth checking out for readers in the Twin Cities area.
I don’t know if we are ever going to colonize space, but if we do it might be worth it to protect the natural resources here on Earth. So far we have found no life in space (and I think it’s a good chance we are alone in the universe) so mining the moon the astroids, Mars would bring us wealth without damaging the eco system.
I also think humanity (and particularly Americans) need a frontier. And one that is big and empty without aboriginal peoples to displace is best.
Saddle Tramp says
Well said Matthew. The value to the Moon shot aside from a military and political rationale was just the pure technical accomplishment of it as a combined effort showing what a concerted effort can bring about. Replicating that model in a way that eliminates our woes on this planet is almost nearly impossible it would seem. That’s a lot of inertia and gravity to overcome.The practical values of space exploration may not necessarily have a justifiable dividend for the cost, but in inspiration value it was priceless. We need more of it with other goals in mind right here on this planet. The film APOLLO 11 shows it, says it and let’s you feel it far better than I could ever describe. If you get the chance see it. Powerful stuff and stuff that works!! Nice one Jim!
Keith West says
Great post, Jim.
I miss the days when we had a space program…
Sadly, new ways to destroy each other came to mind for me as well.
And as correctly stated by Matthew and others regarding the environmental and military impact — it’s up to us where this goes.
We might want to refocus on taking better care of what we have on this planet as well.
I just hope the “Space Force” uniforms and colors look awesome.


This was a
Physics I extra credit assignment that displays a system of objects in motion reacting to each others presence in accordance to Netwon's Third Law.
The algorithm was developed in a single function at first and used a spreadsheet to plot the path of the planet.
After confirming that the method worked, I built a PyGame interface to display the graphics.
The challenging part of this program was to display what was happening with the models in the simulation.
By developing a simple camera model that allows the user to change the position of the view and zoom, the objects being simulated can be viewed in a user friendly manner. I also included a feature to keep a specific body in the center of the camera's view port so that one could simulate our understanding of the solar system before the Copernican Revolution.
The source is available on GitHub


What is The effect of the moon on sleep; A large study shows that, especially in men, lunar cycles have a significant effect on sleep and in some cases reduce the quality of sleep.
The effect of the moon on sleep
Sleep is one of the most vital things a person can do, But millions of us do not get enough sleep. Some of the factors that prevent us from getting enough sleep are obvious, and others, even if they have been disturbing human sleep for thousands of years, are less well known, mysterious, and controversial. Here we are talking about the moon and its cycles, which have long been studied to examine its possible effect on human sleep; But the results of such analyzes have been somewhat contradictory.
According to the Science Alert, In the new study, researchers claim to one of the largest studies of its kind, a group of scientists from sleep more than 850 people in Sweden, using measurements polysomnography (Polysomnography) under were the beginning and the duration and quality of sleep Set them overnight. These overnight measurements were also recorded in men and women over several years.
The recorded nights showed the different stages of the lunar cycle: when the new moon moved toward the full moon and the size of the visible and bright area increased, and when the moon moved toward the waning moon, its light diminished after the full moon. Given that humans usually sleep better in the dark, it is commonly thought that increasing the brightness of the rising moon, which goes toward the full moon or out, should be generally disruptive to human sleep. Some studies have proven this theory, But others have not been able to repeat it.
New research also seems to confirm that lunar cycles have a recognizable effect on human sleep, But not everyone is affected in the same way. “The neuroscientist and lead author of the study from Uppsala University says:
Men whose sleep was recorded during the nights of the increasing period of the lunar cycle showed lower sleep efficiency and increased waking time after the onset of sleep compared to men whose sleep was recorded during the decreasing period. In contrast, women’s sleep was not greatly affected by the lunar cycle.
While the results obtained from women did not generally indicate the effect of moon exposure on their sleep patterns, this effect was certainly not imperceptible. The women in the study slept an average of 12 minutes less on nights when the moon was rising than on nights when the moon was falling. Men slept less than 20 minutes less on nights when the moon was rising, and other signs of the moon’s effects were much more pronounced in men; Including a 4.3% reduction in sleep and wakefulness and more sleep disturbances during the nights when the moon was rising.
Because the research is observational, the authors do not claim that there is a cause-and-effect relationship here. “Our study cannot determine whether the relationship between sleep and the lunar cycle was a cause-and-effect relationship or just a correlation,” says Benedict. In other words, there is certainly something going on here that seems to be making a difference in people’s sleep, and this phenomenon coincides with the brightness and completeness of the moon on a given night.
It is difficult to determine the effect of this in a valid way. However, researchers are happy to be able to make hypotheses about this. They write in their study:
With each additional day in the ascending phase, the moon reflects more sunlight toward the earth and reaches its maximum brightness on a full moon day. The circadian rhythms that control the time and quality of sleep, in addition to light, are affected by non-light signals, including gravity. Therefore, the difference in the gravitational force of the moon during sleep between the increasing and decreasing phases may explain some of the differences observed in sleep.
Also, there may be geomagnetic effects that need further investigation. At present, however, the moon, which acts as a large mirror in the wrong place and reflects sunlight, seems to be the most logical explanation for the periodic sleepless nights.
The findings are published in the journal Science of the Total Environment .
The effect of the moon on sleep
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Lawless wastes Space law is inadequate for the boom in human. Cultural Damage Culture Politics of Outer Space: Star Wars. Thus regimes become nested in others. Unearthing global natures: Outer space and scalar politics., international cooperation and conflict in. This was a debate over how outer space would be incorporated into political–economic relations. As an example, the Moon Treaty of 1984 was codified by the United Nations, but had low ratification and was not internalised amongst relevant actors as legitimate. She is available to approach as an individual for inclusion in. Prueba Prime Hola, Identifícate Cuenta y listas Identifícate Cuenta y listas Devoluciones y Pedidos Suscríbete a Prime Cesta. Some international treaties may be codified but never garner widespread internalisation (and the Bogota Declaration mentioned above is one such case)—thus failing to garner status as a regime. During the 1960s, the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) worked to develop laws that would regulate activity in outer space. Politics,
This language is normative, but was born in part from hard Cold War politics. outer space in society politics and law studies in space policy Nov 22, 2020 Posted By Nora Roberts Media TEXT ID 463ec14b Online PDF Ebook Epub Library been expressed in broad vague principles that have permitted the maximum flexibility necessary for exploratory space activities but as exploration gives way to settlement View Outer Space Politics Research Papers on for free. The series was broadcast on Showtime from, Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOOSA University of Rome La Sapienza 1KUNS November 2017 Collaboration between Kenya and Italy: Space Activities, into outer space operations in outer space and return from outer space to Earth free from physical or radio - frequency interference. Yet until now, the exploration and utilization of space has generally reflected – but not. In my opinion, space science advocates should never insist that space exploration is apolitical; it never has been and never will be. Formal regimes are “legislated by international organizations, maintained by councils, congresses or other bodies, and monitored by international bureaucracies” (Hopkins and Puchala 1983, 65). How the U.N. Is Off Course in Outer Space The Heritage Foundation. By Ephrat Livni October 20, 2019 Ephrat Livni. is under attack, as is civility, truth and normal forms of political behaviour. A common is a resource to which no single decision-making unit holds exclusive title (Vogler 1995, 2); an “environmental object” which should not be appropriated to any individual group (Crowe 1969, 1103). Indias Regional Diplomacy Reaches Outer Space Carnegie India. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 93-114. Read the full text online edition of Outer Space in World Politics 1963. Dr. Jill Stuart is an academic at the London School of Economics. Democratize the Universe Jacobin. One of these was that outer space might become a place of warfare to the everyday life of political, social or cultural affairs, their management. Formal treaties may fail to evolve into proper regimes (as with the Moon Treaty or Bogota Declaration), and informal regimes often evolve to become codified into formal legislation. Saltar al contenido principal. Although the United Nations Outer Space Treaty of 1967 designates those regions as the common heritage of all humankind, protected from. It established outer space as neutral territory, the ‘province of all mankind’, and declared that it remain free of nuclear weapons and other WMDs. Bleddyn E Bowen. Does the Outer Space Treaty and the Moon Treaty support the to govern the emerging space economy will involve political decisions that. Outer Space in Society, Politics and Law. Fifty years into what has become known as the Space Age, the condition of space operations has changed dramatically. By 2005 there were 35 national civilian space agencies. Eventually a regime to coordinate not only frequency usage but also orbital slot allocation through the International Telecommunications Union was established. Outer Space in World Politics by Joseph M. Goldsen c.edu. The meta-geopolitics framework includes space and expands classical power considerations to cover seven state capacities. Those such as the late Nobel Prize winner Elinor Ostrom studied how actors come to coordinate activity over a shared resource in order to avoid a ‘tragedy of the commons’. All Rights Reserved | Site by Rootsy. Cultural Damage » Culture » Politics of Outer-Space: Star Wars A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away… The opening line to every Star Wars film begins as a philosophical novel would: embarking on a voyage to an improbable land peopled with versions of ourselves. One of the most distinctive features of Meta-geopolitics is its all-encompassing Dr Jill Stuart is an academic based at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The politics of outer space are not as ‘out there’ as some may think. space,
Outer Space Treaty Harvard Political Review harva. Politics. She is Executive Editor of the journal Space Policy and Reviews Editor of the journal Global Policy. I argue that our affairs as a species in outer space have not escaped the Earth and in space is Clausewitzs conception of war as a political,. Young asks the question: does regime theory offer a ‘source of inspiration for researchers interested in understanding the conditions governing international cooperation’. Duncan Blake, PhD candidate, law and military uses of outer space,. Much of this work has drawn inspiration from a landmark paper by Denis Cosgrove (1994), which examined the Apollo astronaut NCBI. In order to avoid interference, all coordination between satellite launchers was initially done ad hoc. politics of outer space, Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence International Astronomical Union, The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UNOOSA is a part of the United Nations Secretariat, located at the United Nations Office in Vienna, Outer Space is an underground hip hop duo from North Philadelphia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1-22. As members of the committee can see from my biography, the vast majority of my work on outer space has been devoted to the national security. Specific regimes are often embedded in diffuse regimes (Hopkins and Puchala 1983, 64). In line with Grotian approaches to regime theory, this relates not only to the question of what regimes’ influence is, but also how they evolve over time. A regime, if it has come to embody ‘norms, rules, principles and decision-making procedures,’ and is then codified and legislated, may become international law. One glaring area, however, that must be better considered by regime theory authors in order to maintain the utility of the approach is the role non-state actors play in regimes. The politics of outer space includes space treaties, law in space, international cooperation and conflict in space exploration, and the hypothetical political impact. full moon as seen from outer space. “International regimes: lessons from inductive analysis.” In International Regimes. support open access publishing. 16 No. “Regime dynamics: the rise and fall of international regimes.” In International Regimes. the regime for GPS and that for Galileo is mediated by a broader GNSS regime). There are now nearly 1,000 active satellites orbiting the planet, carrying out critical roles in telecommunications, navigation, banking, science, and other civilian and military operations. Regime theory may not be the only approach a researcher needs for studying outer space politics, and often overlapping methods will provide a more nuanced explanation or understanding. Locating Turkey Within Outer Space Politics Analysis Eurasia. Recorded on 2 January 2012. Lebanons short lived venture into outer space Al Monitor. Legal Agreements & Space Weapons Union of Concerned Scientists. The regime to coordinate radio-frequency usage between satellite users is an example of a regime that was initially informal. “The Tragedy of the Commons Revisted.” Science 166, no. Regime theory provides the language and tools to analyse the ways in which issue areas subject to governance regimes interact. And regime theory does not for the most part represent a grand theory capable of providing generalizable conclusions. Screening Cosmos politanism: The Anthropocenic politics of outer. Space Strategy, Policy, and Power International Relations Oxford. many utopian narratives in science fiction, politics dont stop in outer space. Find her on the web at www.space-policy.com. Even when more radical challenges to outer space governance have been made, they have been made in the context of the OST. Special Political and Decolonization Fourth Committee International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space Declaration on the fiftieth. Informal regimes are “created and maintained by convergence or consensus in objectives among participants, enforced by mutual self-interest and ‘gentlemen’s agreements,’ and monitored by mutual surveillance” (Hopkins and Puchala 1983, 65). Critical astropolitics: The geopolitics of space control Penn Law. Space flight programs were, Play media A space elevator is a proposed type of planet - to - space transportation system. Originally a trio consisting of three Puerto Rican friends that then took the artist, I Married a Monster from Outer Space is a 1958 American black - and - white science fiction film from Paramount Pictures, produced and directed by Gene Fowler, Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies the Outer Space Treaty The 1968, militarisation of space involves the placement and development of weaponry and military technology in outer space The early exploration of space in the mid - 20th, Chinese exclusion policy of NASA New Space Politics of the International Space Station Space law Space Race Space policy Solar System Ambassadors Program, between the Earth s atmosphere and outer space However, astronauts typically orbit the Earth at several hundreds of kilometres the ISS, for example, four steps: First step, plenty of space colonies could be established at various habitable locations - be it in outer space or on celestial bodies away from, Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space While the study of space is carried out mainly by astronomers with, coverage of space tourism, as well as NASA and the satellite launch industry. Here the concept of regime as epiphenomenon/intervening variable is relevant. “Structural causes and regime consequences: regimes as intervening variables.” In International Regimes. 3.
It is one of the strengths of regime theory that, using rational actor models as a base, it can be understood why actors may come to establish a regime, even if out of self-interest. Because space is a product of the imagination,. politics of outer space
Exploration, and the hypothetical. Recommended Citation. theyre the two biggest players with the United States in outer space. senior reporter law and politics. Female astronauts schooled Trump from outer space. Outer space as a human, political domain is organized. The primary factor was politics, but it was also self identity. Submissions. Regimes may be spontaneous, negotiated, or imposed (Young 1983, 98-101). Download the PDF This discussion paper is archived and freely available at SocArXiv: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/4wz9t/. Launching a legal field: outer space: politics and law. The New Space Race: NASA, China, and Jeff Bezos The New Yorker. Outer Space will be a handbook on legal aspects of space activities, coupled with information about technical, cultural, historic and political aspects.


Published 1959 by Methuen .
Written in EnglishRead online
|Statement||translated by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner.|
|Series||Adventures of Tintin series|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||62|
Download Explorers on the moon
Explorers on the Moon (The Adventures of Tintin) [Hergé] on jointhedotszine.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The classic graphic novel.
Picking up where Destination Moon left off, Professor Calculus and Tintin discover a secret agent has managed to sneak onboard the rocket with plans to hijack it and abandon everyone on the moon!Cited by: 2. "Destination Moon" & "Explorers on the Moon" these duo are first science fictions in the Tintin series.
Originally published inlong before any mission to the moon, Herge has been able to provide convincing and accurate scientific details in most parts/5.
Jun 28, · Moon Landing (First Explorers) [Campbell Books] on jointhedotszine.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Discover how astronauts first landed on the moon in First Explorers: Moon Landing. Blast off in the rocket4/4(1). Herg 's classic comic book creation Tintin is one of the most iconic characters in children's books.
These highly collectible editions of the original 24 adventures will delight Tintin fans old and new. Perfect for lovers of graphic novels, mysteries and historical adventures. The world's most famous travelling reporter struggles to keep his feet on the ground as his adventures take him to the.
The Adventures of Tintin, Vol. 5: Land of Black Gold / Destination Moon / Explorers on the Moon (3 Volumes in 1) by Hergé and a great selection of related books. Download Explorers on the Moon as e-book. Press the button start search and wait a little while. Using file-sharing servers API, our site will find the e-book file in various formats (such as PDF, EPUB and other).
Please do not reload the page during the search. A typical file search time is about seconds/5(57). Free download or read online Explorers on the Moon pdf (ePUB) (Tintin Series) book.
The first edition of this novel was published inand was written by Herge. The book was published in multiple languages including English language, consists of 62 pages and is available in Paperback format/5.
Story. Explorers on the Moon completes the prophetic scientific Tintin adventure that begins with Destination jointhedotszine.comé was breaking new ground by sending his star characters into space.
Although travelling into space has become normal, even routine, today, at the beginning of the s such an idea was still science-fiction. Explorers on the Moon is a two-part episode of The Adventures of Tintin, produced by Ellipse-Nelvana, based on the book of the same name by Hergé.
Tintin's attempt to rescue Haddock from his impromptu spacewalk around the asteroid Adonis is made more dramatic and heightened than in the book. Sep 30, · Explorers on the Moon out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 7 reviews. DGibson on LibraryThing: More than 1 year ago: Originally written well before Armstrong and company's voyage to the moon, this is classic Tintin with espionage, kookiness, a disobedient dog, mild violence, alcoholism, and pseudo science.
The book is a continuation of a /5. Moon Explorers is a club on Cupcake Valley (UK server 1) for all players that have opened up Epona. It is owned by Allison Cloudmore and is full but has an i.
jointhedotszine.com: Explorers on the Moon (Adventures of Tintin) () by Herge and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices/5(K). Nov 15, · Explorers on the Moon by Herge,available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide/5(K).
Download PDF Explorers On The Moon book full free. Explorers On The Moon available for download and read online in other formats. Explorers on the Moon, published inis the seventeenth of The Adventures of Tintin.
Its original French title is On a marché sur la Lune ("We walked on the Moon"). It is the second of a two-part adventure begun in Destination Moon. Explorers on the Moon continues from Destination Moon. Tintin on the Moon | Celebrate Tintin's 90th anniversary and the 50th anniversary of the moon landing in this stellar volume including Destination Moon and Explorers on the Moon.
This is the first time these two stories have been collected together in an oversized, luxe hardcover edition that features a stunning new cover and lavish silver spine. Jan 01, · “I could have depicted monstrous animals, incredible creatures, men with two heads I was overcautious (about sticking to reality): no Moon men, no monsters, no wondrous tales!” –Hergé The crew’s space adventure generates a lot of envy—to the point where traitors board the rocket alongsi 5/5(11).
Explorers on the Moon. 3, likes. Explorers on the Moon is the seventeenth volume of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Jump to. Sections of this page. Critics have praised the illustrative detail of the book, but have expressed mixed views of the story.
Note: Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study.
The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. Explorers on the Moon last edited by fables87 on 09/21/19 PM View full history In the previous book, Professor Calculus had asked Tintin and Haddock to join him on his adventure to the Moon.
Forward to the Moon with Artemis Explorer Activities | NASA Loading. Explorers on the Moon was published in Tintin magazine from 29 October to 29 December Published in book form in English edition. - Mammoth (London). Translated by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner.
Colour. 62p. Paperback. ISBN: Discover how astronauts first landed on the moon in First Explorers: Moon Landing. Blast off in the rocket, moon walk across the surface and splash down back to Earth with the Apollo 11 astronauts as they made history in Each scene has chunky push, pull and slide mechanisms perfect for little hands with fun facts about the Moon Landing.
Jan 29, · jointhedotszine.com For more info about David, when he streams and exclusive bonuses for the casinos he plays on. Please play responsibly. - Play for. Surface of the Moon; Surface of the Moon.
On July 20,astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin walked on the Moon. Onboard Apollo Eleven, the Explorers Club flag, in miniature version to conserve space and weight, accompanied the mission. The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth.
The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Oct 17, · Explorers on the Moon might not be the most exciting of Tintin’s adventures, nor is it the most fanciful.
However, it is one of the most optimistic and hopeful. It suggests the human capacity for greatness, and points out that space travel doesn’t need aliens or monsters to be interesting – pure exploration is a concept exciting enough.
Celebrate Tintin's 90th anniversary and the 50th anniversary of the moon landing in this stellar volume including Destination Moon and Explorers on the jointhedotszine.com is the first time these two stories have been collected together in an oversized, luxe hardcover edition that features a Brand: Little, Brown Books for Young Readers.
Explorers on the Moon (Graphic Novel): Hergé: Tintin and his friends are involved in the first manned flight to the moon which proves perilous. Good example of atomicpunk book heavy emphasis on gee whiz on atomic engine circa Rocket may be faster.
Mar 26, · Read The Adventures of Tintin Vol 5 Land of Black Gold Destination Moon Explorers on the Ebook Free.
Owtomm. The Adventures of Tintin: 'Tintin and the Destination Moon': The original comic book of Tintin Explorers on the Moon Free Download Book. Anaglypticalaccouterment. EXPLORING PERU, ancient cultures, explorers tourism.
Dec 26, · Apollo 8 astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders sailed safely toward Mother Earth this Christmas day with a priceless cargo of. Jun 03, · Comment: Expedited shipping available on this book.
Book has been read but is in excellent condition. No missing or damaged pages. Maybe some identifying marks on the inside cover. Quality guaranteed from the largest seller of used books online/5(56).
Explorers on the Moon, published inis the seventeenth of The Adventures of Tintin, a series of classic comic-strip albums, written and illustrated by Belgian writer and illustrator Hergé, featuring young reporter Tintin as a hero. Its original French title is On a marché sur la Lune ("We walked on the Moon").
Jul 18, · For centuries before Apollo 11, the idea of visiting the moon fired the jointhedotszine.com the year history of moon exploration in this jointhedotszine.com jointhedotszine.com: Karl Tate. Whether he's trolling the high seas for treasure or blasting off for the moon, young reporter-sleuth Tintin and his faithful dog, Snowy, have delighted readers everywhere for generations with their timeless adventures.
Join Tintin and Snowy as they tackle the toughest mysteries around the world in Explorers on the jointhedotszine.com, Snowy, Captain Haddock, and their companions are traveling on a 5/5(1).
Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Explorers on The Moon by Herge (hardback ) at the best online prices at eBay.
Free shipping for many products!5/5(1). Mar 14, · Tintin: Explorers on the Moon Free Download Book. Anaglypticalaccouterment. The Adventures Of Tintin 3x11 - Explorers On The Moon, Part 1.
The Adventures Of Tintin. The Adventures of Tintin - S 03 E 11 - Explorers on the Moon (1) Laurenagerardo Tintin & Explorers on the Moon Mass Market Paperback – Jun 30 by Herge (Author) out of 5 stars 8 customer reviews.
Book 17 of 25 in the Tintin Series. See all 16 formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Amazon Price /5(8). For as long as humans have lived on planet Earth, the moon has been a focus of fascination.
First, we could view our cosmic partner only with the naked eye, then with telescopes, and finally in. Jun 30, · Explorers on the Moon by Hergé; 3 editions; First published in ; Subjects: Action & Adventure - General, Comics & Graphic Novels - General, Juvenile Fiction / Comics & Graphic Novels, Juvenile Fiction, Children's Books/Ages Fiction, Cartoons and comics, Fiction, Space flight to the moon, Children: GradesTintin (Fictitious character), Detective and mystery comic books, strips.
May 18, · A Picture Book of Lewis and Clark Author David A. Adler and illustrator Ronald Himler have put together one richly-painted book about Lewis and Clark’s great expedition from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean. (See that guy pointing on the cover? That’s west.) It’s a bit dry at times, but the visuals help keep the narrative jointhedotszine.com: Elijah Brumback.The first robot explorers.
Until the dawn of the Space Age, no one had seen the far side of the Moon – indeed, the averted hemisphere was popularly referred to as the “dark side”, even though it undergoes the same monthly cycle of day and night as the Earth-facing side.
Most astronomers had expected it would be broadly similar to the.Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Explorers on the Moon by Egmont Books Staff, Michael R.
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- ✦【SIX LIGHT EFFECT】: Warm white, blue, yellow, sequential, combination, slow fade. just need press "A" button to change the effect, and the seventh press would turn off it. A variety of choice of color effect would meet your child's curiosity, your children will see the colorful world.
- ✦【TWO POWER SUPPLY OPTIONS】: Our kids night light can be powered using two different power sources, 3 AA batteries(not include) or USB(include). So you can use to everywhere just need 3 batteries, even there is no socket.
- ✦【PROMOTE SLEEP】: Children Projector Night Light create an ideal sleep environment for children, get closer to the moon and stars, give your kids a good night's rest with this night light for kid's room, relax and calm, it's wonderful night lights and great toys for kids.
Night Light Star Projector Lamp for Kids
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The below notes capture my understanding of the different nuances in the definition of UT1, TAI and UTC times.
UT1 time (Universal Time) is also known as astronomical time or solar time and is determined by the position of the Sun relative to the observer; as such it is influenced by vagaries in the Earth's rotation and does not flow uniformly. On a given meridian, when the Sun is at its zenith, it's 12 o' clock noon, by definition. This is the essence of astronomical, or solar time.
Given the various subtleties and physical world complexities governing the Earth's rotation, the exact duration of a UT1 day is not always the same. It therefore also follows that the exact duration of a UT1 hour, minute or second (understood as fractions of a UT1 day) are not the same either. This is simply saying again (with different words) that UT1 does not flow uniformly.
Also note that even though UT1 tracks the mean solar day, it is actually measured using distant X-ray sources, i.e. it is actually measuring the sidereal day and subsequently adjusted with a mathematical formula to arrive at the solar day.
TAI time (International Atomic Time) is a time scale that combines the output of some 400 highly precise atomic clocks worldwide, and provides the exact speed for our clocks to tick. TAI flows uniformly by design but is unconnected to any astronomical observations.
By combining TAI and UT1 we get UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). UTC, like TAI (and unlike UT1) flows uniformly at a constant "rate" (driven by TAI). Given that this restriction (i.e. of uniform, constant flow) causes UTC to diverge from the solar time (which is tied to physical realities and thus "dirtier"), it has to be adjusted once or twice a year with the addition or removal of a second. Given that the angular speed of the Earth's rotation is slowing down over time, this means that TAI is getting slowly ahead of UT1 which is precisely why so far seconds have always been added, not removed from UTC. Note that this may sound counter-intuitive but the addition of a leap second is actually slowing down UTC to bring it more inline with UT1. Leap seconds are always added as the last second of a day so once or twice a year a UTC day had 86401 UTC seconds instead of 86400. But note that the duration of a UTC second is always identical to the duration of a TAI second.
On the subject of the difference between UTC and UT1, Wikipedia has this to say:
The time correction DUT1 (sometimes also written DUT) is the difference between Universal Time (UT1), which is defined by Earth's rotation, and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is defined by a network of precision atomic clocks.DUT1 = UT1 − UTCUTC is maintained via leap seconds, such that DUT1 remains within the range:−0.9 s < DUT1 < +0.9 s.
Essentially, UTC is a compromise devised to satisfy the needs of two communities of users:
Pretty much the same is stated (much more clearly and eloquantly) in this physics.stackexchange answer (slightly edited):
UT1 (Universal Time 1) measures the Earth's rotation with respect to the distant stars (quasars, nowadays), scaled by a factor of (one mean solar day)/(one sidereal day), with small adjustments for polar motion. There are exactly 86400 UT1 seconds in a UT1 day.
TAI (International Atomic Time), which you didn't ask about, measures time according to a number of atomic clocks. There are exactly 86400 TAI seconds in a TAI day. The TAI second is based on the Earth's average rotation rate between 1750 and 1892. A UT1 day is now a couple of milliseconds longer (on average) than is a TAI day thanks to the slowing of the Earth's rotation rate.
This creates a fundamental problem. It is now universally agreed that atomic clocks provide a much better measure of time than does the Earth's rotation, yet for human comfort, we would still like time to stay in sync with the Earth's rotation. How to accomplish this?
GMT (an archaic term that is deprecated except in Great Britain) has now become another just another name for the time zone UTC+0h. Prior to 1972, GMT was the de facto standard that attempted to keep universal time and atomic time in sync. The old GMT adjusted the length of the last minute of every day to keep the two disparate concepts of time in sync. The BBC incorporated these daily adjustments in their broadcasts of the "six pips". The US and Canada did much the same with their radio-based time broadcasts. The daily adjustments used in GMT were becoming ever more problematic with an ever more connected and ever more precise world. These problems motivated the replacement of GMT with UTC.
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is the modern successor to GMT. A UTC second is by definition always exactly equal to one TAI second, but like the old GMT, a UTC day is not necessarily 86400 seconds long. The difference between the old GMT and UTC is that in lieu of the small daily adjustments used in the now deprecated GMT, the adjustments to UTC are infrequent and are always exactly one TAI second. These are leap seconds. The predictability and the current close match between UT1 and TAI means that leap seconds can be announced well in advance, only have to occur on June 30 or December 31, but can still keep UTC and UT1 within 0.8 seconds of one another. (Aside: This will not remain the case in the not too distant future.)
The rationale for switching to intermittent leap seconds was that doing so would keep time uniformly except for those intermittent leap second boundaries, and the problem introduced by those leap second boundaries could be easily circumvented due to the announcement of those jumps well in advance of when they would occur. This has turned out to not be the case; a number of different computer systems (e.g., Microsoft, Unix, and MacOS) have problems with leap seconds. There are moves afoot to get rid of leap seconds.
An insightful comment is found in the following paper:
Precision time and the rotation of the Earth, Dennis D. McCarthy Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy, Proceedings IAU Colloquium No. 196, 2004; c 2004 International Astronomical Union
… where the author says (in the conclusions section):
[we should] acknowledge that UT1 is essentially a measure of the Earth’s rotation angle to be determined astronomically, and improve the accessibility of this information to users by electronic means.… and also in the discussion section where the author comments in response to a question that:
Dennis McCarthy: Well, I didn’t have a chance to say it, but I think we need to get used to the fact that UT1 – UTC is just a way of expressing an angle, the Earth’s rotation angle. It’s no longer a time, UT1 is not really a time, it’s a way to express the Earth’s rotation angle and it should not be thought of as a real time scale.
… or "can somebody please blow my brains out"
See this horror story


The Zoomable UniverseCaleb Scharf
19 October 2017
Published by Atlantic Books
Embark on a breath-taking, cutting-edge voyage through the enormity of our reality – travelling one “power of ten” or order of magnitude at a time. Echoing the classic film by Charles and Ray Eames, acclaimed astrobiologist Caleb Scharf and artist Ron Miller guide us from the very edge of the observable universe – about 91 billion light-years away – to the subatomic realm, where the fabric of space-time itself behaves in a way that confounds all the rules of physics we currently know.
Gorgeously designed and visually inspiring, The Zoomable Universe takes a truly unique approach toward explaining our place in the universe, charting an unforgettable course through galaxies, black holes, solar systems, stars and planets, oceans, plants and animals, microorganisms, atoms, quantum fields, and much more. Illustrated with stunning colour artwork and infographics, this is an unforgettable journey that will thrill readers who want to discover more about the incredible reality we inhabit.
A fantastic journey from the fringes of the visible universe to the heart of the atom in this mesmerizing look at cosmology, astrophysics, quantum physics, and more... This book of wonders is perfect for casual readers, especially young students seeking a broad view of many subjects and how they all fit together.
Miller's stunning illustrations pair perfectly with Scharf's compelling writing, which introduces complex ideas using everyday language and lucid metaphors. Complementary infographics are fun to read and help put massive numbers in perspective.
'This is a book that is rich in the poetry of scientific language . . . [N]ot only does [Scharf] know more about the universe than you or I do, he knows how to transmit his knowledge by deft use of analogy'
Guardian on Gravity's Engines


Last year, Linda planned a surprise trip for the two of us to Dripping Springs, a small historic town in the heart of Texas Hill Country. The occasion was my 50th birthday, but I chose to ignore the fact that it had anything to do with the passage of half a century and focus on the aim of the trip, which centered around the nighttime sky.
Knowing me pretty well by now, Linda is well aware I’m fascinated by nature, astronomy and anything that inspires the emotion of awe. In addition to quaint antique stores (which hold no interest for me at all), Dripping Springs is recognized for being the first Texas community to join the International Dark-Sky Association, which works to reduce light pollution and “protect the night skies” — in other words, keep the stars visible at night so we can actually see them.
Linda chose Dripping Springs in the hope we could spend our evenings outdoors at night, sipping wine and watching the stars. But not just any stars — the kind of stars I grew up with in the New Mexico desert. The kind of stars that were so clear in the night sky I could pick each out individually and watch it twinkle, then pull my gaze back to see them all blend into the massive belt of the Milky Way.
During my childhood summers, after the sun went down, I would often climb a ladder up to our roof where I’d lie on my back and stare into the sky. With virtually no neighborhood lights to interrupt my view, I’d spend hours seeking out the constellations of Orion, Cassiopeia, Perseus or Scorpius, imagining what those distant stars were made of, wondering about the planets circling them and whether there were aliens there doing the same thing I was.
Sadly, that kind of childhood wonder is no longer possible, at least not for my kids and other children in much of the developed world. It turns out that our human obsession with light and technology has resulted in a widespread loss of the night.
Many governments and local communities had hoped that the development of new LED lighting technology would result in a significant reduction of energy usage across the planet. Unfortunately, as a new study has shown, just the opposite has occurred. Because LED lights are plentiful and cheap, we now have a great deal more outdoor lighting, which brings with it an alarming increase in nighttime light pollution.
According to the study’s authors, half of Europe and a quarter of North America are “experiencing substantially modified light-dark cycles,” which means, in layman’s terms, that there’s no longer much of a difference between day and night.
So what’s the big deal? Light is good, right? Why not just keep brightening up the world until we never have to be in darkness at all?
There are many reasons why that’s a terrible idea…
We can’t sleep anymore.
Unnatural light disrupts circadian rhythms and prevents us (and animals and insects) from falling asleep and waking up naturally. In humans, this means our REM sleep cycles are interrupted. Without REM sleep, we can’t achieve the most restful part of sleep. We also can’t dream, and that’s not just worrisome, it’s sad.
Our world is getting uglier.If you live in a place where businesses are open at night, you’ve surely seen something like this:
I could have posted many more pictures like this, because there are literally dozens of businesses using LED lights of questionable value within a few miles of my house. The rapid adoption of this type of LED lighting just means that our communities will get uglier as they get brighter.
It’s bad for life (including us).The most immediate concern of losing the night is that all life is negatively affected. Animal and insect mating cycles are interrupted. Bird migration is confused. Plant lifecycles are disrupted. Humans are at increased risk of obesity, depression, sleep disorders, diabetes, breast cancer and other metabolic disorders.
We live in a 24-hour society.
Sure, we can satisfy our Ben & Jerry’s craving at 3:27am. But our bodies didn’t evolve to live that way. The more we alter our normal sleep cycles, the more we’ll experience chronic fatigue and long-term health problems. Living in bright lights around the clock is not healthy for us.
We’ve lost the stars.Our distant ancestors were able to look up at the stars (weather permitting) every night. That inspired a sense of wonder and awe in them, a feeling of togetherness and oneness, a knowledge that there was meaning and beauty in the universe. In our modern world, we’re in danger of losing that because we’ve all but lost the stars.
We now live in a world where one-third of humanity cannot view the Milky Way. And in losing the nighttime sky, we’ve lost the quiet reflection and mindfulness that occur when we sit alone with the stars. We can no longer look up in wonder and feel that, even though we are small, we are connected to the vast universe in deep and mysterious ways. We can no longer see a Milky Way full of stars and feel that, in a universe with this much beauty, there is a deep meaning and connection behind it all.
We can’t do that anymore because these stars — the ones I saw as a kid — are now gone…
For me, the saddest part about losing the night is that my daughters and stepson won’t have the same experience I had as a child. Their experience of the stars, if it happens at all, will come from books and screens. They’ll gain indirect knowledge about the nighttime sky, but they won’t connect with it in a way that makes them feel a part of the vaster universe.
Is it too late to save the night?
The authors of the study say the only solution is public policy change. They say that, like Dripping Springs, communities large and small must eventually choose to impose clear limits on artificial lighting. I think they’re right, and I hope many other communities follow the lead of Dripping Springs and become International Dark-Sky Communities.
And I hope it happens soon, before the night disappears forever.


Table of Contents
Alien life: Numerous astronomers are no longer asking whether there’s life away in the macrocosm.
Instead, they wonder When will we find it?
Many people are optimistic about finding signs of Alien life on distant worlds in our lifetime perhaps in the next few years. And the scientist leading the journey to Jupiter even went so far as to say it would be amazing if some of the planet’s icy moons were devoid of life.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as of late recognized captivating signs of life on a planet exterior our sun powered framework and it has numerous other universes in its sights.
Many missions underway or about to be launched represent a new space race for the greatest scientific discovery of all time. Astronomer Royal Scotland Catherine Heymans says we live in an infinite universe full of countless stars and planets.
It is clear to many of us that we cannot be the only intelligent life.
Goldilocks Zone in Space
The telescope can presently analyze the environments of far off planets, looking for chemicals that at slightest on Soil can as it were be created by living organisms.
The to begin with see of such a revelation came prior this month.
Potential signs of gasses created by conventional marine life on Soil were found within the climate of a planet called K2-18b, which is 120 light-years away.
The planet is found in what space experts call the Goldilocks Zone it’s at fair the correct separate from its star so that the surface temperature is not one or the other as well hot nor as well cold, but there’s fluid water, which is basic for life.
The group trusts to affirm whether these tantalizing signs are genuine or have blurred absent inside a year.
Professor Nikku Madhusudhan, who driven the consider at the Established of Cosmology at the College of Cambridge, told me that in the event that these signs are affirmed, it’ll on a very basic level alter the way we think around the explore for life.
If we find signs of life on a examined planet for the primary time, it’ll increment the probability that life is common within the universe.
He gauges that inside five a long time, our understanding of life within the universe will experience a enormous alter on the off chance that signs are confirmed.
As effective as NASA’s JWST is, it has its restrictions. The measure of Soil and its nearness to the Sun make it appropriate for supporting life. Be that as it may, JWST won’t be able of distinguishing the environments of planets as little as Soil (K2-18b is eight times bigger) or those orbiting their parent stars closely.
Therefore, NASA is arranging the Tenable Universes Observatory (HWO) for the 2030s. Utilizing an compelling high-tech sunshield, it’ll reduce the light from the star it’s circling, meaning it can identify and test the climates of planets like ours.
At the conclusion of this decade, the Greatly Large Telescope (ELT) is additionally coming online, based on Soil and looking at the impeccably clear skies of Chile. It gloats the biggest reflect of any instrument, with a distance across of 39 meters, and thus can see much more detail within the airs of distant planets compared to its predecessors.
All three of these inaccessible observatories utilize a technique that’s been employed by chemists for decades to distinguish chemicals within substances they ponder by the light they emit.
They’re so unimaginably capable that they can do it from the black out flicker of light coming from a planet circling a star hundreds of light a long time absent.
The search for a nearby home is underway
Some focus on distant planets, while others focus on the planets in our own backyard our solar system.
The most likely habitat is Europa, one of Jupiter’s icy moons. It is a beautiful world with cracks on the surface that look like tiger stripes. Beneath Europa’s icy surface lies a vast ocean, from which clouds of water vapor spew into space.
NASA’s Clipper charge and the European Space Agency’s( ESA) Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer( JUICE) charge will both arrive in the early 2030s. A few years after the SUKO mission was approved in 2012, I asked the chief scientist of the European mission,
Professor Michel Dufayard, if he thought there was a chance of finding life. He replied: “It would be amazing if one of Jupiter’s icy moons didn’t have life.”
NASA is also transferring a spacecraft called Dragonfly to land on Saturn’s moon Titan. It’s an alien world whose lakes and clouds are made of carbon-based chemicals that create the eerie orange haze that covers the surface. Along with water, these chemicals are considered essential for Alien life.
Although Mars is presently negative to life, astronomers believe that the earth was formerly abundant, with a thick atmosphere and abysses able of supporting life.
NASA’s Perseverance rover is presently collecting samples from the crater, which was formerly allowed to be an ancient swash delta. In the 2030s, a separate mission will return samples to Earth for analysis, allowing scientists to study possible traces of ancient microbial Alien life.
These operations to colorful corners of our solar system could change our understanding of the possibilities of extraterrestrial Alien life in the coming decade.
Are aliens trying to contact us
While some scientists consider this question within the realm of wisdom fabrication and distant enterprise, the hunt for radio signals from extraterrestrial Alien societies has been ongoing for decades, led primarily by the Hunt for Extraterrestrial Intelligence( SETI) institute.
Exploring the entire macrocosm is a vast bid, so their quests have largely remained serendipitous until now.
But the capabilities of instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope( JWST), which can dissect distant planetary atmospheres, mean that SETI can concentrate its hunt on the most likely places where advanced societies might live.
For the study of Alien life in the macrocosm, SETI’s Carl Sagan Center director, Dr. Nathalie Cabrol, explains that this provides new alleviation.
The institute has streamlined its telescope array and is now using instruments able of observing important ray beats for communication from distant exoplanetary atmospheres.
As a leading astrophysicist, Dr. Cabrol believes that some scientists remain skeptical of the hunt for signals still, she argues that exploring the atmospheres of distant globes is a vital part of the hunt for signs of Alien life.
Hunting for signals may be the longest shot among all the colorful ways of searching for signs of Alien life. But it’ll also be the clearest and could be at any time. Cabrol states, Imagine we’ve a signal that we can truly understand.
Thirty times agone we had no substantiation of exoplanets ringing other stars.
Now, we have discovered further than 5,000, which astronomers and astrophysicists can study considerably.
Subhajit Sarkar, a member of the platoon studying K2-18b at Cardiff University, believes that all the rudiments are in place for a scientific success beyond imagination.
However, it’ll be a revolution in wisdom and will also bring a significant change in how humanity views itself and its place in the macrocosm, If we find signs of Alien life.


Facts about Uranus for Kids
Uranus is a really interesting planet named after the ancient Greek gods of heaven. Let’s look at some facts that will fascinate you.
Why the name Uranus ?
Heaven is far from earth and Uranus being the seventh planet is also far from the sun. This is why Uranus was named after the ancient Greek gods of heaven, Uranus. This god is said to have had two sons, Titans and Giants.
Being that it is the seventh planet from the sun, Uranus cannot be seen without telescope.
The Uranus bluish-green Atmosphere
The atmosphere found on the surface of the planet Uranus is mostly methane, hydrogen, and helium gases.
Methane gas absorbs red lights while scattering the blue light rays, producing a beautiful blue-green haze. Because of this, it is difficult to see the inside of the planet.
Uranus was not discovered in time with the other planets
Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun yet it was discovered after all the other planets before it, that is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
Uranus is the planet that came with the telescope.
It was seen after the invention of the telescope, so it was the first ever planet to be discovered through the telescope.
Uranus Day and Year
It is also fascinating to know that unlike the earth which rotates on its orbit while going round the sun, Uranus rolls like a barrel as it goes round the sun. This causes one of its poles to be completely dark when it is a quarter way round the sun.
Uranus rolls like a barrel because it is believed that when it was being formed, large objects banged against its surface.
Did you know that it takes Uranus 84 earth years to go round the sun once? This is because it is far away from the sun. So, each of its poles takes 42 earth years to be in light on the side that is directly facing the sun.
Uranus is 1782 million miles or 2869 kilometers from the sun.
It is unique compared to the other planets and moons in the solar system because its spins on its side.
It takes Uranus 17hours and 14minutes to rotate on its axis and so its day is slightly shorter than one earth day.
What would your weight be in Uranus ?
If you are thinking of going to this planet, brace yourself for a very long journey. It actually takes you several years to fly a rocket to Uranus!
If you get there, you will weigh much less than your actual weight here on earth. This is because Uranus force of gravity is not as strong as the one on earth. For instance, if you weighed 32 kg (70 pounds) on planet earth, you would weigh 28kg (62 pounds) in Uranus.
Uranus too is a gas Giant
Four planets on the solar system are classified as giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Did you notice that these are the planets on the outer parts of the solar system?
They are entirely composed of gases.
Although Uranus is the smallest of the four big planets, it is amazing to know that its size is several times that of the earth.
Uranus has a diameter of 29297 miles (47,150 kilometers) which is quite large compared to the earth’s diameter which is below 8000 miles (12,760 Kilometers).
The Ice Planet
Uranus is a very cold, in fact the coldest, planet hence it is commonly called the “ice planet’. Scientists believe that Uranus is also composed of rocks and ice, with a huge rock forming its core.
Its temperatures go up to -216oC which is actually worse than winter.
Because its surface cannot be seen clearly owing to the blue-green haze, the surface of this planet is thought to have a big ocean.
While the planet itself is extremely cold, the water in its ocean is as hot as 2760oC (5000 degrees Fahrenheit). This is far much hotter than the hottest temperature the earth has ever experienced on its surface.
Uranus too has rings just like the planet Saturn.
However, the rings in Uranus do not stretch out like those on Saturn.
These rings were formed by a combination of large rocks and black particles.
The first nine rings were observed by scientist in 1977 using a giant telescope when Uranus passed in front of a star. The other four faint rings were observed later on to make a total of 13 rings on Uranus.
Unlike earth which has just one moon, Uranus has 27 moons.
Five of the moons found on this planet are quite large while the rest are rather small. The largest of these moons is known as Titania and the second largest Oberon.
The other three are Umberiel, Ariel, and Miranda. Do you know where Uranu’s moons derive their names from ?
From the famous writer Shakespeare’s book ‘MID SUMMER NIGHT DREAM. Interesting, isn’t it?


Group of observers with the goal of spectroscopic observations in the Rhine-Main-Area established
by Gerrit Grutzeck
During summer of 2016, discussions between members of the Astronomy Club of AWO Mörfelden revealed an interest in spectroscopy.
This way, a team of representatives from vari- ous institutions has been formed: Hajo Zitzkowski, Gerd Köllner und Dr. Georg Piehler. At a later stage Dominik Plonka and Dr. Jürgen Kozok joined the team.
Based to this mixed team, we see ourselves as a regional working group. We are primarily focused on spectroscopy. Like all who had chosen the path of spectroscopy, we also had to deal with the main parts of the theory as well as the speciality of the practical work, further with the special aspects reduc- ing the data. Due to the fact that we did not own a spectro- graph to start, we borrowed and tested various devices from other organizations to gain practical experience.
Our special thanks to Dr. Lothar Schanne as representative of the spectroscopy group of the VdS for providing a slitless MINISPEC and to the Volkssternwarte Regensburg providing a DADOS with 200 and 900 lines/mm grids in- cluding a Lumicon QHY8 camera. Further thanks go to the Astronomie Stiftung Trebur. This foundation has two prism spectrographs which we used for collecting first experiences. As these devices still had to be optimized, we were able to learn a lot about observational practice.
Meanwhile we bought a CCD camera (ATIK 383L mono) and one team member bought a LHires III from Shelyak. This enables us now to obtain usable observations. For first observational attempts we had the chance to use the "Friesenheimer Lichteimer" (20-inch Newton, f=2030 mm with Barlowlense extended to 5000 mm) of the Selztal Observatory.
In the following part we want to present a first spectrum of α-Bootes taken in the Hα area, which was obtained with this device (Fig. 1). We used a 15 μm slit, 2400 lines/mm grating and 60 sec exposure time with the ATIK 383L mono camera (Bin=2) at JD=2458618.39806. The ESO spectrum for comparison was taken from the ESO Archive Science Portal. It shows the relative flux, normalized to the continuum. By means of a sliding average we have reduced the enormous resolution (R = 107200) to a comparable measure for the LHires III.
It was important for us to see that we could obtain a result not in contradiction with data from other - professional – sources using the LHires III. The next step will be evaluating the limiting magnitude, we are able to obtain spectra at dif- ferent resolutions in a reasonable quality. We believe that we are now at a stage to contribute with quality observations. Therefore, we are open regarding possible cooperation or suggestions to contribute to existing campaigns.
Figure: ESO VLT spectrum, ESO Archive Science Portal, File: ADP.2017-10-25T20:19:10.630


This past week marked a momentous occasion for more than one reason. Not only did many couples choose to spend an entire lifetime with one another, but they did so during the cosmic event of the century.
Monday, August 21st marked the first contiguous solar eclipse in the United States since 1979. The eclipse spanned from Oregon to South Carolina with a path of totality 70 miles wide.
Although not all areas were completely eclipsed, the spectacle was definitely admired from all onlookers. Several couples looking to add a little something to their big day opted to wed under the moon and sun this week.
A Group Effort
Six different couples took part in a mass solar eclipse ceremony in South Carolina. The Blue Jar Barn in Belton hosted all of the brides and grooms in their beautiful woodsy location.
All of the couples stood at once to recite their vows, and were then individually introduced to the crowd upon the completion of the ceremony.
Newlywed Josh Skierski describes the shared event to an interview with USA Today by saying, “We don’t like to be in the spotlight all that much,” Skierski said, “so it’s like taking the eyes off of us and putting it on the sky and everybody here. It’s nice to come together with total strangers and share this beautiful day with them.”
The Sun, Moon, and Harry Potter
Thomas Brandt and Rachel Sloan decided to make this once-in-a-lifetime event even more unique by adding a few more magical elements.
The Nashville couple became engaged at none other than The Wizarding World of Harry Potter in Universal Studios, Florida. The theme’s inspiration came from the engagement ring itself.
Brandt told WKRN, “I got a custom Quidditch ring made for her and I proposed to her in front of Hogwarts and you know that’s kind of where the theme came from, perfect theme, I think of her when I think of Harry Potter,”
Of course, the whole affair would be incomplete without a bouquet of illustrated spells and invitations listing the required attire as “Wizard.”


By Staff Sgt. C. Todd Lopez
WASHINGTON (Nov. 17, 2006) -- The Air Force is working on a space vehicle that will allow government scientists to transport advanced technology into orbit, test its capability there, then bring it home to see how it fared in the harsh environment of space.
The X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle is similar to the space shuttle, except it's about a fourth the size and unmanned. The OTV can return from space on its own, said Lt. Col. Kevin Walker, an Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office program manager.
"All you do from the ground is send up the command for it to de-orbit, then stand back and it de-orbits itself," he said. "The OTV gets itself ready for re-entry, descends through the atmosphere, lines up on the runway, puts down its landing gear ... and it does on its own."
The vehicle will land at either Vandenberg or Edwards Air Force bases in California.
The OTV will serve as a test platform for satellites and other space technologies. The vehicle allows satellite sensors, subsystems, components and associated technology to be transported into the environment where they will be used -- space.
Scientists will prepare components in the OTV's experiment bay, and then the craft is launched into space aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle. Once in space, the OTV begins testing its payload. Colonel Walker said the doors aboard the craft could simply open, exposing the experiment bay, or mission scientists could design more elaborate experiments.
"You could design something to extend itself out of the experiment bay, or have it on a retractable arm, or it could just stay inside the bay," Colonel Walker said. "The OTV is a very flexible space test platform for any number of various experiments."
Being able to test parts in their actual operational environment will allow scientists to better judge how those parts will perform when deployed, so fewer redundancies may occur in future satellites.
"Rather than build unproven components into a high-cost satellite, with multiple layers of redundancy to make sure they work -- you can use the OTV to get those components into space to see how they respond to the environment, and make sure they work the way they were designed," Colonel Walker said. "When the OTV returns to Earth, you can inspect the tested component and use that information to potentially alter your design."
The Air Force's Rapid Capabilities Office has been tasked with acquiring, testing and demonstrating the OTV. Colonel Walker said much of the X-37B system vehicle is now being built and will soon move into a testing phase.
"We are getting into the subsystem and systems-wide testing, which will go on for about the next year," he said. "We are projecting our first launch for the beginning of 2008."
After a few flight tests in space, the OTV should be ready to begin experimentation in orbit, Colonel Walker said.
"The first flight or two will be to check out the OTV itself to make sure it works the way it is designed to," he said. "After that, you get into the realm of using it as a reusable space test platform -- putting space components into its experimental bay and taking them to space for testing."
Though the OTV is designed to provide a testing platform for new space technologies, it is made up of several advanced, untested technologies itself.
Randy Walden, RCO deputy and technical director, said there are a number of cutting-edge technologies on the OTV besides the auto de-orbit capability. It has new thermal protection tiles underneath and high-temperature components and seals throughout that need to be proven in orbit.
"There will be a great deal of extremely useful data coming from the OTV on its first flights,' said Mr. Walden. "Our plan is to share this data with other government agencies such as NASA."
The X-37 program, originally a NASA initiative, was transferred to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in 2004. The Air Force's X-37B program builds upon the early development and testing conducted by NASA, DARPA and the Air Force Research Laboratory.
"We are honored to be developing this unique space platform," said David Hamilton, Jr., RCO director, "and very excited about the potential benefits to future space programs."


Black holes are one of the most mysterious and fascinating objects in the universe. They are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Black holes are thought to form when massive stars collapse at the end of their lives.
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possibility of using black holes for travel. Black holes are thought to be able to distort spacetime in such a way that they could create wormholes, which are tunnels that connect two distant points in space. If wormholes exist, they could be used to travel to distant galaxies or even other universes.
What are black holes? How do black holes work?
Black holes have a very strong gravitational pull because they contain a large amount of mass in a small space. The more mass an object has, the stronger its gravitational pull. So, a black hole with a lot of mass will have a very strong gravitational pull.
The gravity of a black hole is so strong that it can bend spacetime. Spacetime is the fabric of the universe, and it is made up of four dimensions: three spatial dimensions and one time dimension. Black holes can bend spacetime so much that it creates a curve. This curve is what traps light and other objects inside the black hole.
Once something crosses the event horizon of a black hole, it can never escape. The event horizon is the boundary of the black hole beyond which nothing can escape.
Black holes play a role in many different astrophysical processes. For example, black holes are thought to be responsible for the jets of material that are seen coming out of some galaxies. Black holes are also thought to be responsible for the gravitational lensing that is seen in some galaxies.
The theory of black hole travel:
The theory of black hole travel is based on the idea that black holes can distort spacetime in such a way that they could create wormholes. Wormholes are tunnels that connect two distant points in space. If wormholes exist, they could be used to travel to distant galaxies or even other universes.
One way to travel through a black hole would be to use a rotating black hole, also known as a Kerr black hole. Kerr black holes have a region around them called the ergosphere, where spacetime is dragged around by the rotation of the black hole. If a spacecraft could enter the ergosphere and travel faster than the speed of light, it could theoretically travel through the wormhole to another part of the universe.
Another way to travel through a black hole would be to use a wormhole that is created by two black holes that are orbiting each other. This type of wormhole is called an Einstein-Rosen bridge. If a spacecraft could enter the Einstein-Rosen bridge, it could theoretically travel through the wormhole to another part of the universe.
However, there are many challenges that would need to be overcome before black hole travel could become a reality. One challenge is that we do not yet have the technology to travel to black holes. Another challenge is that it is not clear if black hole travel is even possible. Additionally, black holes are extremely dangerous objects, and any attempt to travel through one would be very risky.
Here are some of the challenges of black hole travel:
- We do not yet have the technology to travel to black holes.
- It is not clear if black hole travel is even possible.
- Black holes are extremely dangerous objects.
- The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that it would be very difficult to escape from one.
- Even if we could escape from a black hole, we might not be able to travel to the desired destination.
What might happen if you were able to travel closer and closer towards a black hole?
As you get closer and closer to a black hole, the gravitational pull will become stronger and stronger. This will cause a number of strange and dangerous things to happen.
First, your body will be stretched out in the direction of the black hole. This is called spaghettification. The closer you get to the black hole, the stronger the spaghettification will be. Eventually, you would be stretched out so thin that you would be torn apart.
Second, the time around you will slow down. This is because gravity curves spacetime, and the stronger the gravity, the more spacetime is curved. This curved spacetime slows down time. So, as you get closer to the black hole, time will pass more slowly for you than it does for people further away.
Third, the light from behind you will be bent and distorted. This is because gravity bends light. So, as you get closer to the black hole, the light from behind you will be bent and distorted so much that you will not be able to see it anymore.
Finally, the event horizon of the black hole will become closer and closer. The event horizon is the point of no return. Any object that crosses the event horizon will be pulled into the black hole and never escape.
If you were able to travel closer and closer to a black hole, you would experience all of these things. Eventually, you would be spaghettified, time would stop for you, and you would cross the event horizon and be pulled into the black hole.
It is important to note that we do not know what happens inside a black hole. Some scientists believe that the center of a black hole is a singularity, where the laws of physics break down. Other scientists believe that something else happens inside a black hole, but we do not know what it is.
What is the only thing that can survive a black hole?
The only thing that can survive a black hole is information. This is a theoretical concept, but it is supported by the work of Stephen Hawking, who showed that black holes emit radiation, now known as Hawking radiation. This radiation contains information about the black hole, such as its mass and charge.
Hawking radiation is extremely weak and would take billions of years to evaporate even the smallest black hole. However, the fact that Hawking radiation contains information suggests that information cannot be destroyed by black holes.
There are a number of theories about what happens to information that falls into a black hole. One theory is that information is stored on the event horizon of the black hole. Another theory is that information is encoded in the Hawking radiation.
Scientists are still working to understand how information survives a black hole. However, the fact that information is not destroyed by black holes is one of the most important discoveries in physics in recent years.


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Electrostatic Solitary Structures in a Relativistic Degenerate Multispecies Plasma
The nonlinear propagation of cylindrical and spherical modified ion-acoustic (mIA) waves in an unmagnetized, collisionless, relativistic, degenerate multispecies plasma has been investigated theoretically. This plasma ...
Nonplanar Positron-Acoustic Shock Waves in Astrophysical Plasmas
The problem of nonlinear positron-acoustic shock waves (PASWs) in an unmagnetized, collisionless, dense plasma system (containing non-relativistic cold positrons, both non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic degenerate ...


Organized by IAF
Created on 16 june 2022
At its annual International Astronautical Congress, the IAF brings its multidisciplinary and international network to life. Over 40 administrative and technical committees support the Federation in its mission to advance knowledge about space, and to foster the development of space assets by facilitating global cooperation.
Since its creation, the IAC has been the one place and time of the year when all space actors come together. Global, multidisciplinary and covering all space sectors and topics, it offers everyone the latest space information, developments, contacts and potential partnerships.
Beginning of the event : On 18 september 2022 at 09h00
End of the event : On 22 september 2022 at 18h00
Event location : 1 Place de la Porte de Versailles, Paris, Paris, France
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Equatorial Launch Australia (ELA), the developer, owner, and operator of the Arnhem Space Center (ASC) on the Gove Peninsula in Australia’s Northern Territory announced today that its client, NASA, will make its first commercial space launch in Australia will make June 2022.
The landmark launch is also NASA’s first launch from a fully commercial spaceport. It will be one of three rocket launches, the others scheduled for July 4 and 12, to conduct astrophysical studies that can only be done from the Southern Hemisphere.
The Arnhem Space Center is the world’s only commercially owned and operated commercial equatorial launch site. Located 12 degrees south of the equator on the Gulf of Carpentaria, it offers unique advantages for space launches. ASC is also unique because most spaceports are federally/government-owned and operated facilities.
Michael Jones, ELA Executive Chairman and Group CEO, said that while these historic NASA launches were a huge milestone for ELA, the company was already looking to the future after the milestone campaign.
“Having NASA as our first customer is not only a great endorsement of our spaceport, but it also puts us at the forefront of global commercial space and proves that through ELA and the ASC, Australia now has sovereign launch capability and access to space,” said Mr. Jones.
“It is a tremendous honor and reward for our company’s hard work in developing the ASC to have NASA launch these three missions with us.”
“This campaign is just the beginning for us as we are in commercial discussions with nine other major rocket companies. We hope to make at least two additional launches by 2022 before increasing our launch frequency to over 50 launches per year by 2024. / 25,” said Mr. Jones.
ELA and the Arnhem Space Center recently received their Launch Facilities License and Launch Permit for the NASA campaign following a two-year evaluation by the Australian Space Agency.
“The three NASA launches mark the end of the first phase of developing the ASC spaceport and ELA as a world-class launch services company. We will begin developing Phase 2 of the ASC, including the construction of larger launch pads for medium/larger payload rockets,” said Mr. Jones.
“The geographic location, proximity to the equator, and the extensive logistics services offered in the Gove/Nhulunbuy area make the ASC highly attractive to global rocket companies and enable us to provide a commercially attractive alternative to the equatorial launch site of the French government in Kourou in French Guiana,” continued Mr. Jones.
“The ASC offers Australian aerospace and international rocket and satellite companies a unique opportunity to launch from a location that provides cost-effective access to virtually any orbit they want,” said Mr. Jones.
“I would like to acknowledge the support from NASA and our employees and investors, including the Northern Territory Government, for their support and dedication. From the federal government. It is a remarkable achievement what we have done, and all the more so as we have had no support to date. We haven’t made any bold predictions in the past, we just went about our business quietly, and now we’re on the cusp of some incredible firsts in Australia’s space history,” said Mr. Jones.
Launch Mission – Background Information
Launching in the late evening of June 26, 2022, the BBIX rocket will travel more than 300km into space. The Rocket will carry an atmospheric observation/detection platform to observe the Alpha Centauri A & B constellations.
The first stage and the payload of the rockets return to Earth and are recovered. The missiles will be visible to the local community and surrounding areas just seconds after launch — about 150 meters into the sky before they leave Earth’s atmosphere.
For security reasons, getting a close look at the missile launch from the ASC is impossible.
Secondary editor and executive officer at Tech Business News. Matthew is passionate about sharing his knowledge of the technology industry. He is also an advocate for global cybersecurity issues. He has been working as an IT support engineer for 20 years. He has been working as an IT support engineer for 20 years.


Acceleration due to grawing of earth
Acceleration due to grawing below and above earth surface.
(1) Introduction :
- In our dairy life we have noticed things falling freely downwords towards earth when thrown upwards or dispped from some hight.
- Fact that all bodies irrespective of their masses are accelerated towards the earth mith a constant aceeleation was first recognized by galive (1564-1642)
- The motion of celesh'al bodies such as moon. earth plametes etc. and attrachieve of moon towards earth and arth towards sun is an interasting subject of study since long time.
- Now the question's what is the force that produces such acceleration is which earth attract all bodies towards the centre and what is the law governing this force.
- Is this law is same for both earthly and weshal bodies.
- Answer to this question was given by Newton as he declared that "laws of nature are same for earthly and weshal Bodies".
- The force between any object falling freely towards earth and that between earth and moon are gowerned by the same laws.
- Johnaase kepler (1571-1631) Studied the planetary motion in detail and formulated his three laws of planetary motion, which were available Universal law of grawitation.
(2) Kepler's Law :-
Kepler's law of planetary motion are :-
(i) Law of orbits :-
Each planet revolues around the sun in an elliptical orbit with sun at one of the foci of the ellipse .
Fig (a) An ellipse traced by planet sevolary round the sun.
AO = a - Sewi major axis
BO = b - Sewi minor axis
P - hearest point between planet and sun k/as perihetion
A - farthest point between planet and sun apheiton.
(ii) Law of areas :-
"The line joining planet and the sun sweeps
equal area in equal intervals of time"
This law follows from th e observation that when planet is nearer to the sun
its velocity increases and It appears to be slower when it is farther from the sun.
(iii) Law of periods :-
"The squre of time period of any planet about the sun is propotional to the cube of the semi-major axis."
- If T is the time period of semi major axis a of elliptical orbit then.
T2 x a3 (1)
- If T1 and T2 are time periods of any two planets and a1 and a2 being their semi major axis resp. then
T22 =ka23 (2)
This question (2) can be used to find the time period of a planet, when the time period of the other planet and the semi-major axis of orbits of two planets.
(3) Universal law of gravition :-
- Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and invessly proportional to the square of distance between them. - Mathematically Newton's gravitation law is if F is the force acting between two bodies of masses M1 and M2 and the distance between them is R then majnitade of force is given as
In vector notation
where G- universal gravitational constant
r^ - unit vector from m1 to m2 and r^ = r1^ - r2^
Gravitational force is attractive constant is
SI - G= 6.67 x 10-11 nm2 kg-2
CGS - G= 6.67 x 10-8 dyn cm2 g-2
Deminsional formula of C1 is [M-1L3T-2]
(4) The gravitational constant :- (Measurement)
(5) Accelesation due to gravity of earth :-
- Earth attracts every object lying an its surface towards its centre with a force known as gravitational towards its centre with a force known as gravitational pull or gravity.
- Whenever force acts on any body it produces acceleration and in case of gravitation this acceleration produced under effect of gravity is known as accelesation due to gravity (g)
- Value of accelesation due to gravity is independent of mass of the body and its value near surface of earth is 9.8 ms-2
- Expression for acceleration due to gravity
Consider mass of earth to be as ME and its redius be RE Suppose a body of mass M (much smaller then that fo earth) is kept at the earth surface. Force eseerted by earth on the body of mass m is
Let the above equation is (4)
The force for the body due to earth produces acceleration due to gravity
(g) in the motion of the body. From Newton's Second law of motion
from (4) and (5)
which is acceleration due to gravity at earth's surface.
(6) Acceleration due to gravity below and above the earth surface :-
(i) Above earth's surface
- An object of mass m is placed at hight h above the earth's surface
from this it can be concluded that value of g decreases as distance above surface of earth measures now,
which is equation no (7)
* eqn (7) tells us that for small hight h above surface of earth. value of g decreases by factor (1-2h/RE)
- for h is smaller compared to R
g=go(1-2h/RE) Expanding by Binomial theriom
(ii) Below the earth's surface
- If one goes inside the earth surface the value of g again decreases
- P = density of material of earth them
from this accelesation due to gravity at earth’s Surface is
g- acceleration due to gravity at depth d below earth's surface
- Body at depth d will experience force only due to portion of reduce (RE-d) of earth's
- outer spnerical shell of thickness d will not exeperience any force
- M is mas of the portion of earth with radius (RE-d) then
g= 4/3G (RE-d)P (9)
Dividing epn (9) by (8)
or = g=go (1-d/RE) --- (10)
from eqn (10) it is clearer that acceeleration due to gravity also decreases with depth.


“We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.” – President John F. Kennedy, Rice University, 1962
In the 53 years since Kennedy’s legendary speech, NASA did indeed send men to the moon and completed various other missions, from Hubble to the ISS. However, public engagement with NASA has waxed and waned since the glory days of 60s space exploration, what with the agency’s Congressional budgeting debates, occasional but detrimental disappointments, and even questions of its fundamental merit and benefit to the nation.
NASA took a great leap in 2007, however, and forayed into another kind of dark unknown: social media. It joined Twitter that year as @NASA and Instagram somewhat later in 2013 with the same handle. The photos on all accounts are so stunning and the captions so detailed, that there is something for people with all levels of space enthusiasm, from scientist, to enthusiast, to photography fan.
Yesterday, July 14, 2015, at 7:49 AM, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft successfully executed a Flyby of Pluto. This is, by all accounts, a milestone for the U.S., NASA, humanity, and is certainly an “other thing” that President Kennedy mentioned: New Horizons flew more than 3 billion miles and 9 years with the mission of snapping photos of dwarf-planet Pluto.
NASA stepped up their social media involvement in accordance with the event, sharing various photos, stats, videos, and quotes: the spacecraft has its own Twitter account, @NASANewHorizons, and the event has its own trending hashtag, #PlutoFlyby. Instagram and NASA even partnered up to ensure that the first publicly-viewed photo from the Flyby was shared on NASA’s account an hour before it was released on the agency website.
This mission, more than any other, exemplifies NASA as a public fascination once again—complete with a refreshing and conversational personality, far removed from any stuffy impression it gave off in the past.
Some highlights of @NASA’s #PlutoFlyby social media strategy:
- Created chats and Q&As on Twitter linked with @Reddit_AMA
- Now counts themselves one of the lucky few to be mentioned in a tweet by @POTUS
- Garnered engagement and congratulations from pop-culture figures such as the band @Bastille, popular astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, Steven Hawking, and Twitter itself
- Joked around, saying New Horizons “phoned home”
- Photographed the New Horizon team’s reaction upon hearing the mission was successful—an emotional look inside NASA
With #PlutoFlyby, NASA took a monumental and highly technical event, and molded it into something interesting, entertaining, and enjoyable for the entire world. In a time when celebrities and tabloid obsessions draw the public into their phones, NASA took digital and managed to not only engage us, but make us look out and back up towards the stars, just as we did in 1962.
That’s what I’d call social media savvy.
More images just arrived yesterday from New Horizons; stay tuned to all NASA accounts for updates.


|The total eclipse/traffic nightmare
If you haven’t already heard you should be aware that a major total eclipse will occur on Monday, August 21st, that will make areas of 12 different states in its path become completely dark for about 2 minutes and 30 seconds. This will happen around 2:43 PM EST in Columbia, SC.
Now, this is a historic event because it’s the first total eclipse from coast to coast since 1918. An entire generation has lived and passed without witnessing an event like this, and it’s the first total eclipse since the interstate system was even created. So, what can you expect traffic to be like?
Solar Eclipse Traffic
Schools and businesses are allowing people to take the day off in order to travel and see the eclipse. Meaning millions of people from all across the nation will be traveling to the 12 states where the total eclipse can be witnessed. You should expect major congestion and a few stand still traffic jams.
If you’ll be out on the road that day be prepared. Top of your fuel and give yourself enough time to account for the influx of traffic. Remember when extra people are on the road more wrecks occur, so slow downs and delays can be expected. Some major roads will actually be closed, like Interstate 57 corridor in Illinois for example.
The 12 states where you can see the total eclipse include:
|An example of a traffic jam expected to be caused by the total eclipse.
Some people will plan ahead and make a trip out of this event and find a place to stay overnight to enjoy the eclipse the next day, but others will hop in their car for a spur of the moment journey. If they travel the day of the eclipse they will avoid having to pay for a hotel and taking extra time off work.
Also, if people are in traffic during this event they may whip out their phones to try and snap pictures on their phones. This will be a major cause of distracted driving and could result in accidents. Even though parking on the shoulder is illegal, people are expected to pull off on the side of the road to watch the event, which could result in even more accidents.
Plus, the sky will go completely dark in the path of the eclipse. We hope that people remember to turn their lights on if they are driving during it, but they may not. Watch out for yourself and others. Have your lights on auto or remember to turn them on to see other drivers on the road.
State troopers from all across the country will be out looking for dangerous drivers
to keep the roads safe, so be sure to be on your best driving behavior. Don’t follow other vehicles too closely, speed, or drive distracted
to avoid getting pulled.
If you want to view the eclipse we recommend finding a truck stop on your route and giving yourself enough time to make it there and park before it starts. Parking on the side of the road could be dangerous and is not advised. You could also take the day off and travel with your family to see it since it will be a once and lifetime beautiful event. We hope it doesn’t get rained out.
However, if you don’t care about the eclipse and don’t want to deal with the hassle of travelers we recommend sticking to the back roads to avoid traffic. Also, check your route in advance to avoid closed roads. Don’t let extra mass of other drivers rial you up with road rage, stay calm and keep on truckin’.
Enjoy The Eclipse
Whether you will be participating in another hard day’s work or taking the time to enjoy the eclipse remember to drive extra safely and prepare for hordes of traffic. This is a major event that millions will flock to from coast to coast.
For more trucking blogs visit ExpressTruckTax.com
and please share your thoughts about the eclipse and potential traffic in the comment section below.
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What would it take to leave Earth forever and go live on a frozen rock like Mars? NASA Aeronautical engineer George Hatcher would like to find out. Since the age of 3, he has longed to go into space and discover new worlds. “The sky calls to us,” said Carl Sagan, and George wants to answer that call by being a representative of humanity on another planet. Quoting Baha’u’llah, the prophet and founder of the Baha’i Faith, George explains why.
The opinions and views expressed in this article are those of the author only and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of BahaiTeachings.org or any institution of the Baha’i Faith.


an extension of New EarthStar Merkabah
Added by Esta Lior on August 11, 2011 at 8:23am — No Comments
An extremely powerful solar flare, the largest in over four years, rocked the sun early Tuesday (Aug. 9), but is unlikely to wreak any serious havoc here on Earth, scientists say.
"It was a big flare," said Joe Kunches, a space scientist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Space Weather Prediction Center.
Added by Maia Kyi'Ra Nartoomid on August 7, 2011 at 6:03am — No Comments


Hello, my name is A.J. Ray and I am one of the 8th grade earth and space science teachers. This is my second year at South Jr. High and I am super thrilled to be back! In my classroom we will cover many things Earth related. We nerd out about cool rocks/minerals, explain how Earth's features shape the land, discuss how weather systems form and why the weatherman is always wrong, and we gain a feeling of how small we really are by looking at our solar system and its place in galaxy.
This year I will have one co-taught class with Mr. Schmitz. The link to his webpage can be found here.
If you ever have a reason to contact me:
South Weekly Parent Newsletter: https://us11.campaign-archive.com/home/?u=ac35aace7f5a5c230613cdcf9&id=5f44cbe0f5