Night Sky 280 photos · Curated by Prokhor Minin. Night Sky 225 photos · Curated by Áron Varga. night Night Sky Defender is a great game appeared on our site where you have to use the arrows to fly with your hero, Batman. Be careful because The Penguin is in he city and he has a whole army with him. You have to avoid him and all the obstacles and the weapons in order to go as far as possible with Batman. If you hit something you will lose some life so be very careful how you control the hero.
Beta The Interactive Night Sky Map simulates the sky above Hull State Game Management Area on a date of your choice. Use it to locate a planet, the Moon, or the Sun and track their movements across the sky. The map also shows the phases of the Moon, and all solar and lunar eclipses Related games Related; A Star in the Nights Sky. A cunning and smart fox, Nicholas Wilde was a elusive and notorious thief that made a name for himself by stealing from the wealthy animals of Zootopia. He had a care free life, worrying only about himself and who he would target that day... However on a standard break-in job he comes face to face with a golden new opportunity when he meets a. Game Night ist ein Komödie von John Francis Daley und Jonathan Goldstein mit Rachel McAdams, Jason Bateman und Jesse Plemons. In der US-Komödie Game Night wird der Spieleabend von Rachel McAdams.. NIGHT SKY 8 Designed for iOS/iPadOS 14 and watchOS 7 Night Sky is a powerful AR personal planetarium. Quickly identify stars, planets, constellations and satellites above by simply holding your iPhone, iPad or Apple Watch to the Night Sky! This is all done magically. Whether you're looking for a constellation or the International Space Station, let Night Sky direct you to it, then explore. Action, Komödie, Krimi Eine Gruppe von Pärchen, darunter Max (Jason Bateman) und Annie (Rachel McAdams) trifft sich regelmäßig, um gemeinsam Spiele zu spielen. Aber dann hat Max' Bruder Brooks (Kyle Chandler) eines Abends ein ganz besonderes Spiel vorbereitet: Die Gäste sollen gemeinsam einen Mordfall aufklären
Fran_0022 rated Friday Night Funkin VS. Sky mod port for Chromebooks. Fran_0022 rated a game 17 days ago. 0. Friday Night Funkin VS. Sky mod port for Chromebooks. A browser game made in HTML5. this mod is so good :D . View game. More you might be interested in. Friday Night Funkin Pumkin Pie custom song (KADE ENGINE) sniper_gamingwastaken. Rhythm. Play in browser. Friday Night Funkin VS. Game Night bei Sky Ticket - Derzeit kein Angebot - Zum Angebot * Game Night bei iTunes. Mieten ab 3.99€, Kaufen ab 9.99€ Zum Angebot * Game Night bei Google Play. Mieten ab 3.89€, Kaufen ab.
The term night sky, usually associated with astronomy from Earth, refers to the nighttime appearance of celestial objects like stars, planets, and the Moon, which are visible in a clear sky between sunset and sunrise, when the Sun is below the horizon. Natural light sources in a night sky include moonlight, starlight, and airglow, depending on location and timing. Aurorae light up the skies.
Kongregate free online game Night Sky - You are an astronomer, you look into night sky and search for constellations. There is 40 con.... Play Night Sky Night Sky Games is an American game company that produces role-playing games and game supplements.. History. Night Sky Games was the creation of Meguey Baker.: 185 The first design from Meguey Baker and Night Sky Games was A Thousand and One Nights: A Game of Enticing Stories (2006).: 185 After the initial publication of Thousand and One Nights, Night Sky Games did not produce any more games. The game is so atmospheric: outstanding soundtrack and graphics, that gave you the impression to forget about time and That was a experience! The game is so atmospheric: outstanding soundtrack and graphics, that gave you the impression to forget about time and twist! Gameplay is all the same throughout the game but it has an addicitve effect on the player. I must recommend this for all who. NIGHT SKY 8 Designed for macOS Big Sur & Apple Silicon Night Sky is a powerful personal planetarium. Quickly identify stars, planets, constellations and satellites in your own beautiful personal planetarium! This is all done magically. Whether you're looking for a constellation or the Internatio CSE Games is raising funds for Gridstones: Night Sky - a board game set in the stars on Kickstarter! An elegant pattern-matching game of strategy and constellations, for 2-6 players. May the stars align for you. Projects of Earth
Liza Tarbuck, along with team captains Sue Perkins and Guz Khan, invite a gaggle of guests round to play games. Tonight features Denise Van Outen, Alexandra Burke, and Tamzin Outhwaite. (S1, E10 Stellarium Web is a planetarium running in your web browser. It shows a realistic star map, just like what you see with the naked eye, binoculars or a telescope
The Night Sky helps you create a personalized custom star map that shows the alignment of the stars on the date and location of your choice. Print a framed star chart with your personal message to forever remember my star moment. Custom star maps from The Night Sky have over 20,000 reviews from happy customers A night sky projector will project an image of the night sky into your ceiling, wall, or floor. There are various projectors available on the market, and we created a list of the best night sky projectors below. Read full article Top Pick. High-Quality Experience. BlissLights Sky Lite - LED Laser Star Projector, Galaxy Lighting, Nebula Lamp for Gaming Room, Home Theater, Bedroom Night Light. KBH Games is a gaming portal website where you can Free Online Games. We have a large collection of high quality free online games from reputable game makers and indie game developers. We offer easy solution for developers to share their games. We have a fast and easy website that makes finding and playing new games easy and hassle-free. Start browsing our site and see what fun games you'll.
In yet another version of monopoly, Night Sky has players buying, selling, and trading things like stars and planets. The game comes with six collector tokens including the Mars Exploration Rover Night Time Lighting #1 - Starry Sky. Following night time scenario will give you a starry sky without a moon. Finished sky we are after: If you want night time moon sky, see the second tutorial. For starry sky, the Directional Light needs to point up. This means you won't be able to use the Directional Light and you'll to use other lights. Games. Sky; Journey; Flower; Flow; Team; News; Careers; Connect; Play Today. Hold hands with your loved ones and soar above the clouds. Sky is available now to download from the App Store. Spread Light. Join others to uncover mysteries of the desolate kingdom and team up to help recover and return the stars to their constellations. Let courage and compassion light your way. Learn how to start. Vroom in the night sky is a Magical Bike Action Game. The features of this game are Fantastic feeling, Speedy feeling, and Realistic feeling using HD Vibration DB: Every single star that's in our night sky is in the game. That includes all the stars that are visible to the naked eye, which is around 6,000 or 7,000, but also the 160,000 or so stars that.
Mein Sky | Die wichtigsten Seiten im Überblick: Abrechnungen, PINs, Sky Go, Geräte, sowie weitere Infos zu Deinem Abonnement | Sky Alles einfach auf Sky Einfach mehr Sport, Serien & Filme in HD/UHD Und jetzt auch einfach mehr Flexibilität für Neu- & Sky Kunden Sky Home About Games Contact Retailers Apocalypse World lumpley games. Something's wrong with the world and I don't know what it is. It used to be better, of course it did. In the golden age of legend, when there was enough to eat and enough hope, when there was one nation under god and people could lift their eyes and see beyond the horizon, beyond the day NightSky is an action-puzzle game that offers an ambient gameplay experience unlike any other on 3DS with cerebral challenges that fill uniquely designed picturesque worlds
Amazon.com: night sky lights. Skip to main content.us. Hello Select your address All Hello, Sign in. Account & Lists Multi-Color RGB LED Nebula Cloud for Bedroom Night Light, Game Room, Home Theater Mood Ambience. 4.4 out of 5 stars 114. $59.99 $ 59. 99. Get it as soon as Tomorrow, Apr 8. FREE Shipping by Amazon . Star Projector, Merece 3 in 1 Galaxy Night Light Projector with Remote. From the award-winning creators behind Journey (2013 Game of The Year) and the highly-acclaimed Flower, comes a ground-breaking social adventure that is set to warm your hearts. Welcome to the enchanting world of Sky, a beautifully-animated kingdom waiting to be explored by you and your loved ones Get your game on and play Night Sky, just one of the many fun fashion games, celebrity games, dress up games, makeover games and styling games on Stardoll The Night Sky does this by using your location data provided by the GPS and compass built in to most Windows 8 tablet devices. It then cross references your location data with its inbuilt map of.
In Constellations: The Game of Stargazing and the Night Sky, players compete to populate the sky with real constellations. In the game, players draw star cards, which represent the seven types of stars in the universe. Each constellation requires a unique combination of stars to play on the board. As the game progresses and the night sky fills up, players must use their puzzle skills to fit. . A wall might be your floor a moment later in this Omnidirectional Gravity Space. There is no concept of up or down in Starchaser: Priestess of the Nightsky. If you get close to a Gravity Floor , you can stand on any surface, and. This quick, fun game shows players the value of supernovae in the universe. Players discover that almost all elements that make up the Earth and all its living things were made inside stars that go supernova. Without supernovae to disperse these elements, the universe as we know it couldn't exist. Uploaded: October 2008. Download A Universe Without Supernovae Activity (PDF, 1.11 MB) Lives of.
Sky Is The New iPhone, iPad, Apple TV Game From Journey Dev Thatgamecompany. Thatgamecompany wants to bring players together to explore a world above the clouds. Sep 13, 2017 2:06am. Sky - Reveal. The download below contains the game board and cards for Black Hole Explorer Board Game, along with instructions on how to print, assemble, and play this free educational game. Uploaded: August 2005 . Download Black Hole Explorer Board Games Pieces (PDF, 2.61 MB) Find Activities & Resources. Activity Key Daytime Event Nighttime Event Inside Venue Outside Venue Target Audience Share. FOLLOW THE. Simply hold your device to the sky and quickly locate planets, constellations, satellites, and millions of stars and deep sky objects. Packed with interactive information and rich graphics, discover why SkySafari is your perfect stargazing companion under the night sky. Notable Features: • Ever wanted to know what the sky looked like in 500 B.
Take A Look At This 10 Trillion Pixel Image Of The Night Sky. A photograph of the northern sky that weighs in at a whopping petabyte has become a treasure trove of information for astronomers If Hypnos can accomplish his goals, dreams and reality will become indistinguishable, leading the horrors that you face in your nightmares to infiltrate the world while the sinister Corona Borealis burns in the night sky above. Hypnos's influence in the game starts by targeting the only reprieve you have—the rest action. While Hypnos is the. Check out Dollhouse RP: Night Sky. It's one of the millions of unique, user-generated 3D experiences created on Roblox. Dollhouse RP: Night Sky Thanks for playing Dollhouse RP: Night Sky -If the server shuts down its because the game is being updated. -If you experience any lag turn your graphics lower. Inspire by: Jungzehun Dollhouse Rolepla GameTrainer. Because there was no game trainer on the Internet, I tried to do it myself..
Stöbere in unserer umfangreichen Videospielsammlung im Xbox-Spielekatalog Game of Thrones Staffel 8 Die alles entscheidende Schlacht zwischen Eis & Feuer: Wer sitzt am Ende auf dem Eisernen Thron? Alle 6 Episoden jetzt auf Sky Here's what happened when 15 random people took turns drawing and describing, starting with the prompt Two galaxies colliding in the night sky Sky Kids: Prices may change during your contract period. Upgrading will move you to our Sky Signature pack, including all your current channels, costing an extra £1 a month for 18 months. Offers you have on your current basic TV monthly subscription may not be added to your new package. Sky Kids.
The Sky Cat appears only once in-game, during Mae's second dream sequence in Part 3. It imparts two pieces of information to Mae: 1: That she is swimming further and further out to sea, and beyond are things blind and terrible, after which it immediately shows Mae a vision of two aethereal, flea-like monsters floating in a black void, which terrifies Mae greatly. 2: That there is a hole in. This page is about a sword. You may be looking for a similarly-named anime episode. The «Night Sky Sword» (夜空の剣, Yozora no Ken?), often called The Black One, is a Priority 461 Divine Object-class long sword that is Kirito's personal one-handed sword in Underworld. In terms of Priority Class, it outscales Eugeo's Blue Rose Sword. 1 Appearance 2 Background 3 Chronology 3.1.
Vroom in the night sky - we're not sure why capitalisation is ignored in the game title - is a pebble (we really hope you didn't skip that first paragraph or this will make no sense at all). From. Starchaser: Priestess of the Night Sky is a 3D action game with gravity in every direction, where you have to jump, leap, shoot, and dodge traps littered about the maze. A wall might be your floor a moment later in this Omnidirectional Gravity Space TV Guide, The UK's No 1 TV guide showing your TV listings in an easy to read grid format. Visit us to check Sports, News, Freeview, Freesat, Sky TV, Virgin TV, History, Discovery, TLC, BBC, and more
The Night Of - Die Wahrheit einer Nacht (Originaltitel: The Night Of) ist eine achtteilige US-amerikanische Krimiserie, die vom 24. Juni bis zum 28. August 2016 im amerikanischen Pay-TV-Sender HBO ausgestrahlt wurde. Die deutsche Erstausstrahlung war vom 29. September bis 17. November 2016 auf Sky Atlantic HD zu sehen. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Schicksal eines jungen Amerikaners. Starchaser: Priestess of the Night Sky. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos News Guides Reviews 0 in Group Chat | View Stats. Defy gravity and traverse a twisted 3D labyrinth as a chosen priestess cast with the important job of naming the stars. However, when the night sky goes dark, only the maze remains.. About Friday Night Funkin VS Sky Full Week. Friday Night Funkin Games; Arcade Games; Dancing Games; Music Games; Skill Games; Description. We hope you did not think we were done with our series of new Friday Night Funkin Games of our website, because that is far from being true, and right at this moment our team is delighted to share with everyone here the new and awesome game called Friday. Games. Signup or to create shortcuts to your favorite games! FNF +1465 ↺390 Friday Night Funkin' SSBU +72 ↺29 Super Smash Bros. Ultimate; TF2 +47 ↺26 Team Fortress 2; CS1.6 +50 ↺10 Counter-Strike 1.6; BotW +11 ↺14 The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (WiiU) Celeste +8 ↺1 Games. Signup or to create shortcuts to your favorite games! FNF +1484 ↺393 Friday Night Funkin' SSBU +67 ↺26 Super Smash Bros. Ultimate; TF2 +40 ↺26 Team Fortress 2; CS1.6 +45 ↺5 Counter-Strike 1.6; Celeste +12 ↺24 S3AIR +13 ↺10 Sonic 3 A.I.R
When logged in, you can choose up to 12 games that will be displayed as favourites in this menu. chevron_left. chevron_right. Recently added 22 View all 1,272. Log in to view your list of favourite games. View all games. Browse all chevron_right; Browse all chevron_right. New chevron_right. Trending chevron_right. Most endorsed chevron_right. Top files chevron_right. Mod categories chevron. Friday Night Funkin VS. Sky mod port for Chromebooks ← Return to game. Comments. Log in with itch.io to leave a comment. Viewing most recent comments 26 to 65 of 342 · Next page · Previous page · First page · Last page. Lineotic 4 days ago. Huh I wonder how the fandom will react to this over all of the drama from this mod :I. Reply. Oliver Siaki 3 days ago. Hah, I mean same though i'm. nation from the night sky has a wide range of existing and poten-tial applications, including ﬁlm, planetarium shows, drive and ﬂight simulators, and games. In addition, the night sky as a natural phe-nomenon of substantial visual interest is worthy of study simply for its intrinsic beauty. While the rendering of scenes illuminated by daylight has been an active area of research in. This is a list of skies available in Source and GoldSource engine games, along with pictures of each skybox. The light_environment settings listed (Ideal Sun Angle, Ideal Brightness, etc) are suggestions based on settings used in official maps; other values may also be appropriate. To test skies in singleplayer without recompiling the map, bring up the console and enter sv_skyname <sky_name> . Skyboxes consist of six panels, which fold together and (ideally) form a seamless scene in every direction players can face. Each panel of Testin423's skyboxes is 900 by 900 pixels, and features a realistic high-fidelity image with unparalleled sharpness. What's especially cool about his skyboxes is the drag.
How to change the sky of a game. Discussion in 'Editor & General Support' started by Xdy, Jul 26, 2012. Xdy. Joined: Apr 22, 2012 Posts: 51. how the change it? Xdy, Jul 26, 2012 #1. UNITY3D_TEAM . Joined: Apr 23, 2012 Posts: 720. Import Skybox assert package->Assert ->Import package ->skyboxes and then project->render settings drag and drop skybox material to render setting to [skybox material. A clear night sky offers an ever-changing display of fascinating objects to see — stars, constellations, and bright planets, often the moon, and sometimes special events like meteor showers Appearance [edit | edit source]. The Night Sky Sword is made of wood and pitch black in colour. It is less than 120 centimeters long.  Background [edit | edit source]. The Night Sky Sword was made by a craftsman, named Sadore, from the Gigas Cedar's branch that received the most blessings from Solus and Terraria and which Kirito and Eugeo had taken from the Cedar after cutting. Angefangen bei Game Servern, wie etwa Minecraft Server, Ark Server oder Teamspeak 3 Server, den TS3MusicBot, bis hin zu Webspace/Hosting für Wordpress, Blogs, Wikis oder Foren - bei freier Wahl der Domain und unbegrenzt vielen Subdomains. Auch hier gilt: Günstige Preise und volle Flexibilität dank kurzer Mindestlaufzeiten. Telefonhotline. DE: +49 (0) 721 7540 44 44 Deutsch: täglich 10:00. Sky: Children of the Light just like I said at the beginning, it's a very interesting puzzle adventure game that attracts players in every aspect. After the success of the game Journey (2013) and Flower, they continued to release this game. And only a short time has attracted a lot of gamers interested
Sky Domes Tutorial at the game developer site Flipcode. includes source code; uses blending of luminosity textures, draws a flare around the sun; The Brightness of the Night Sky answers questions such as How do man-made light pollution, natural air glow and light from interplanetary dust affect the darkness of the night sky? What about elevation, transparency and atmospheric particles? Some. Your votes determine whether these games and movies stay or go! The more you vote, the more powerful your votes become. 01 Sky's dies; 02 Kaioku Facerig 2D avatar and mishaps; 03 bop; 04 FREEDOM DAY 2020; 05 Mich; 06 FiniteStates; 07 Whitty Lo fist animated clip; 08 Shopping Mood; 09 NewArcade; 10 Modern: :Comba See this week's sky at a glance with observing tips and maps to guide you to the night sky. Don't miss out on comets, meteors, eclipses, and more CrazyGames is a browser game platform that features the best free online games. All of our games run in the browser and can be played instantly without downloads or installs. You can play on CrazyGames on any device, including laptops, smartphones, and tablets. This means that whether you are at home, at school, or at work, it's easy and quick to start playing! Every month over 15 million.
Genshin Impact has introduced the Night Sky's Grace event into the game, and it is the second event in V1.3. The event rewards Intertwined Fates, Mora, Talent level-up materials, Fragile. Night Sky Furnace. This is a skin for the Furnace item. You will be able to apply this skin when you craft the item in game. Steam Market 1.53 $ Gamerall.com 1.74 $ Skin for; Reskin; Break down; Prices; Item; Furnace: Bench Painting; Repair Bench: Steam Inventory Item; 1: Wood: Source Price Update; Gamerall.com: 1.74 $ 8 hours ago: Steam Community Market: 1.53 $ 8 hours ago: Rust Item Store-6. Arcade Spot is the place to play free online arcade games on the web! We've got tons of the best games from all over the internet, and the latest New Games coming out daily. With various game categories and sorting options, you'll have the ability to explore a broad range of fun games and find the right arcade games just for you So, the simulation not only shows how the objects of the night sky fit into a 3D structure around the Sun, but also the limitations of how far into the Universe we can see. Sources The positions and distances to stars were taken from the Hipparcos , Tycho , Tycho-2 and Gaia DR1 catalogs
Polar Lights Night Sky. 1014 1114 123. Horizon Sky Sunset. 913 837 123. Beach Pacific Coastline. 1116 1059 190. Galaxy Star Infinity. Next page › 203,354 Free images of Sky. , uno de muchos juegos de moda, celebridades, de estilo y de maquillaje en Stardoll
16x Resolution Minecraft 1.16.5 Game Version. Arcad3koshkaa • 03/16/2021. 546 86. x 9. Advertisement. Yomny_pack (Dark GUI) 16x 1.16.5 Texture Pack. 18. 12. VIEW. 16x Resolution Minecraft 1.16.5 Game Version. Yomna04 03/20/21 • posted 03/16/2021. 1.3k 450 11. x 4. Yuruze's Big Cloud City Overlay (Day & Night) 16x 1.8.9 Texture Pack. 30. 27. VIEW. 16x Resolution Minecraft 1.8.9 Game Version. Game Night. 210 likes. When four friends are invited to a couple's house for a night of board games, they wind up in the crossfire of their over-competitive hosts Iron Sky (engl. eiserner Himmel) ist eine Science-Fiction-Komödie des finnischen Regisseurs Timo Vuorensola aus dem Jahr 2012 mit Julia Dietze, Christopher Kirby und Götz Otto in den Hauptrollen.. Der Film kam ab dem 4. April 2012 (in Deutschland ab dem 5. April) in über 20 Ländern in die Kinos; die Weltpremiere fand am 11. Februar 2012 auf der Berlinale statt What makes this game always night is that the games have in-game clocks that typically correspond to your system's internal clock. The clock is used for in-game events (for example, some opponents can only be challenged at a certain hour), but while the in-game clock could say noon, the sky still looks like midnight Star Walk 2 is an exquisite stargazing app enabling you to explore the night sky through the screen of your device. Make an effortless journey through thousands of stars, comets, constellations, and other celestial bodies. All you have to do is point your device to the sky! ⁕ BEST OF 2014: The nex Like Stars in a Clear Night Sky Sharif Ezzat. Like Stars in a Clear Night Sky takes advantage of an elegant interface to present the type of lore often passed from parents to children. A voice, speaking Arabic, is paired with text in English, asking readers if they would like to hear a series of stories. Clicking blue stars in the night sky gives access to sparse stories. Begin > Author.


12:53am (37,191 notes)
Dark Sky Island
The gorgeous Isle of Sark, the smallest self-governing island in Europe, is located in the English channel 130 miles off the southern English coast. In January 2011 it became the world’s first “Dark Sky island” by controlling light pollution. The island’s single electricity source is an oil-fired power station, and there are no cars, streetlights or even paved roads: you can only get around by bike, horse, carriage or tractor-drawn bus. Due to the lack of light pollution, the Milky Way stretches gloriously overhead—from horizon to horizon across the pristine black sky.


Apollo 11: Anniversary Moon Landing
Apollo 11 launched on July 16, 1969, carrying Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin.
An estimated 650 million people watched Armstrong's televised image and heard his voice describe the event as he took ‘...one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind’ on July 20, 1969. The national effort that enabled Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity.
To celebrate the 50-year anniversary of this extraordinary event, the Perth Cultural Centre Screen will be showing highlights of raw archival footage and audio recordings from each of the nine days of the Apollo 11 mission. Perth is famous for its embrace of NASA’s space program since its residents turned on their lights and waved torches during the first circumnavigation of the Earth, famously leading to its nickname, the City of Lights. Fifty years on, The City of Lights will once again become a focal point, demonstrating the timeless, unrestrained joy and curiosity of space exploration.
With the audio changing daily to reflect the events occurring each day, this immersive experience reflects the scientific prowess, complex manoeuvres, and extraordinary achievements of the singular mission. Whether you remember watching the moon landing the first time around, or you’ve never had a chance to delve deep into NASA’s archival footage before, this lunar experience is a chance to reflect on the limitless possibilities of scientific and extra-terrestrial experimentation live on the Perth Cultural Centre Screen.
DAY SHOW: 5pm daily
NIGHT SHOW WITH AMBIENT SOUND: 8pm
Daily | 5pm & 8pm
Cnr James and William Street
Perth WA 6000


In a significant breakthrough, Indian researchers have been able to spot a glittering, ultra fast-paced supernova. Supernova is a celestial object that borrows its energy from an exotic type of neutron star and has an extremely powerful magnetic field around it. According to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), study of supernovae like ancient spatial objects are extremely significant with regard to probing the mysteries of the early universe, news agency PTI reported. Supernovae are considered to be extremely energetic explosions which release exorbitant amounts of energy. Spotting a Supernova is also considered to be a rare feat among the scientific community as few researchers have been able to witness the rare celestial object.
What makes Supernova rare and unique?
Supernovae find their origin in massive stars whose mass is about 25 times that of the Sun itself. Since such stars are extremely few in number in the entire universe, spotting a supernova emerging out of these stars is a great deal. Scientists have been trying to get to the bottom of the origin of these highly luminous objects and the causes behind their radiant energy for decades.
When did scientists first observe the Supernova?
The supernova which has been named SN 2020ank first came to light when the Zwicky Transient Facility traced it in January last year. The object was subsequently studied by the India scientists from Nainital’s Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) during February 2020 and April 2020. In order to gain better insights about the object, the scientists viewed the object through two Indian telescopes as well namely- Sampurnanand Telescope-1.04m and Himalayan Chandra Telescope-2.0m. The study which was led by PhD scholar Amit Kumar has finally been published in the Monthly Notice of the Royal Astronomical Society. Kumar in his research found that the outer layers of the supernova had withered away and the core of the object was shining ferociously. However, Kumar’s study also says that the source behind the glow of the object is external.
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3 edition of Low-excitation Herbig-Haro objects and interstellar extinction found in the catalog.
Low-excitation Herbig-Haro objects and interstellar extinction
|Other titles||Low excitation Herbig Haro objects and interstellar extinction.|
|Statement||Richard D. Schwartz.|
|Series||NASA contractor report -- NASA CR-176142.|
|Contributions||United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.|
|The Physical Object|
The presence of numerous Herbig-Haro objects in the region clearly signals that star formation in this part of the Perseus Molecular Cloud remains ongoing. While this is a difficult object. A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery (if star formation is occurring within), is a type of interstellar cloud, the density and size of which permit the formation of molecules, most commonly molecular hydrogen (H 2).This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas.. Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and.
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The UV continuum in Herbig-Haro (HH) objects bears the signature of HI two-photon (2q) emission as determined with recent IUE observations. Since the spectral energy distribution of the 2q emission is known theoretically observations of reddened HR objects are proposed in which the measured UV contiuum would be used in combination with the theoretical distribution to obtain the UV extinction : Richard D.
Schwartz. Get this from a library. Low-excitation Herbig-Haro objects and interstellar extinction: final technical report, August 1, J [Richard Dean Schwartz; United States.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.]. Herbig–Haro (HH) objects are bright patches of nebulosity associated with newborn are formed when narrow jets of partially ionised gas ejected by stars collide with nearby clouds of gas and dust at several hundred kilometres per second.
Herbig–Haro objects are commonly found in star-forming regions, and several are often seen around a single star, aligned with its rotational axis.
The spectra of some low excitation HH objects could be explained by a variable-velocity jet impinging on a dense medium. The leading shock (i.e. “the head”) of the jet would move slowly into the medium, thus producing a low excitation spectra even though the velocity at the base of the jet would correspond to a high excitation : Alejandro Esquivel, Alejandro C.
Raga, Fabio De Colle. Herbig-Haro Objects - Tracers of the Formation of Low-mass Stars and Sub-stellar Objects 3 Fig. 2.— Top: DSS-II RGB image of a sub-region of LDN (FOV ). HH appears as green spot. Bottom: I, H, and R colour composite based onTLS-CCDimages.
LIRS-TheleastluminousFUor/EXor Our CCD observations conﬁrmed the HH nature ofCited by: 2. The present state of empirical and theoretical knowledge concerning HH-objects and T Tauri nebulae is considered.
The occurrence and apparent structure of HH-objects are discussed along with their variability, questions of reddening and interstellar absorption, spectral characteristics, aspects of polarization, and the relation of HH-objects to.
Spatially resolved spectra of the low-excitation Herbig-Haro (HH) objects HH 7, HH 11, HH 43 B, and HH 43 C and of the high-excitation object HH 43 A, obtained with the 'echellette' spectrograph. E(B-V) and the Interstellar Extinction Curves.
The ETC supports eight different extinction relations. The Milky Way extinction curves are taken from Cardelli, Clayton, & addition to curves appropriate for the diffuse and dense ISM cases, two additional curves have been added to. Measuring Interstellar Extinction 1.
Historical and Scientiﬁc Background The interstellar extinction of starlight is the most indicative phenomenon revealing the pres-ence of diffuse dark matter in the Galaxy.
The ﬁrst documente d observation of extinction effects,File Size: KB. Start studying Unit 3. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Search. Light from objects moving away is shifted red, and light from objects moving closer is shifted blue. Interstellar reddening is an effect of interstellar extinction, where distant objects.
Cep E is a unique object since it provides a link between the spectroscopic properties of the optical Herbig-Haro (HH) objects and those of deeply embedded Size: KB. Estimates of the extinction in Herbig-Haro give values of E(B-V) of about 1, a relatively large value for an optical HH object.
Discover the world's research 16+ million members. Typical Herbig-Haro objects have temperatures of aro Kelvin, densities from a few thousand to a few hundred thousand particles/cm 3 and can contain up to 20 Earth masses of material.
Once very rare, over have been found to date, all in regions of. High Velocity Interstellar Shocks: Herbig-Haro Objects in Cepheus A, and HH Previously observed high excitation HH objects (e.g.
HH-1, HH-2) show relatively strong C III] and C IV emission; while low excitation objects (e.g. HH, HH) contain only weak H2 molecular lines and no high excitation emission. It may also be possible to. between the spectroscopic properties of the optical Herbig-Haro (HH) objects and those of deeply embedded outﬂows.
The observed H2 infrared lines allow us to determine an excitation temperature of ˘ K, an Ortho-to-Para ratio of ˘ 3, and an H2 (1,0)/(2,1) S(1) line ratio of ˘ 9. These results are consistent with the values observed for File Size: KB.
interstellar extinction The reduction in brightness, i.e. the extinction, of light (and other radiation) from stars as a result of absorption and scattering of the radiation by interstellar gh dust makes up only a small proportion of the interstellar medium, its effect on starlight is considerable.
Herbig–Haro (HH) objects have been known1,2 for 50 years to be luminous condensations of gas in star-forming regions, but their underlying physical nature is Cited by: We present Fabry-Perot observations and long-slit spectrophotometry of the collimated jet regions of the HH 34 and HH outflows.
There is a close correlation between the observed forbidden S II flux and the electron density in the bright low-excitation knots in both the HH 34 jet and the HH jet. The electron densities in some of the low-excitation HH jet knots exceed /cu cm Cited by: ()—Astronomers have found a dozen new faint Herbig-Haro objects in the dark nebula LDN by employing a novel color-composite imaging method.
The. The already known Herbig-Haro object HH 35 forms part of this flow. A new Herbig-Haro object, HHis found precisely in the opposite direction of HH and is likely to form part of a counterflow. The total projected extent of this HH complex is pc, making it Cited by: 6.
As well as facilitating a comparison between the effects of a moving and static source, it may help to pick out species for use as observational probes in clumps ahead of Herbig Haro objects. Viti et al. () recently completed a survey of molecules in clumps ahead of Herbig Haro objects. Hence objects which are heavily obscured at optical wavelengths, because they are deeply embedded in dense interstellar clouds, can often be observed at infrared wavelengths.
16 Total absorption in, say, the V -band would usually be written as A V and known as the visual extinction. By the early s, several Herbig-Haro (HH) objects were shown to be highly collimated jets of partially ionized plasma moving away from young stars at speeds of to over Today, well over individual HH objects or groups are known (Reipurth ).
The first known interstellar asteroid may hold water from another star system in its interior, according to a study. Herbig-Haro Objects Herbig-Haro Objects Schwartz, Richard D. The peculiar, semistellar emission nebulae called Herbig-Haro (HH) objects were discovered independently by Herbig (72, 73) and Haro (63, 64) in the course of Hex-emission star surveys of a dark-cloud region imÂ mediately south of the Orion Nebula.
The prototype objects HH 1, 2, and 3, located near NGC 2. INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION Continuous Extinction. Each line of sight has its own ``extinction law'', or variation of extinction with wavelength, usually expressed by A() / A(V) in this article.
This means of expressing the extinction law is not unique; it has been common practice to use instead the ratios of two colors, E (- V) / E (B - V), where E (- V) = A() - A(V). One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document The low-excitation Herbig-Haro (HH) Object No.
43 (- Haro 14a) has been the subject of several optical spectropho tome tric studies (Dopita, Binette, interstellar extinction correction for HH The continuum and emission line. ) Relate Herbig-Haro objects to the T-Tauri Wind. Answer: In stage 5, the spinning protostar forms a dusty disk, but ejects material at high speeds along the bi-polar jets perpendicular to this disk.
The shock wave from these high speed jets lights up the Herbig-Haro objects along a line over a light year long in some cases. Diff: 2. Interstellar extinction The ISM is also responsible for extinction and reddening, the decreasing light intensity and shift in the dominant observable wavelengths of light from a star.
These effects are caused by scattering and absorption of photons and allow the ISM to be observed with the naked eye in a dark. BBREIG-HABO OBJECTS Final Jul.
- Sep. 4 P fit l02/ftF A01 CSCL 03A G N Unclas Ultraviolet Observations of Low-Excitation Herbig-Haro Object~ Final Technical Report Richard D. Schwartz July - September Physics Department University of Missouri, Ut. Louis Natural Bridge Road.
An interstellar gas cloud that is dense enough for the formation of molecules; discovered and studied through the radio emissions of such molecules. giant molecular cloud Very large, cool cloud of dense gas in which stars form. OUT NOW. On Amazon Kindle Before the mythical paradise of Saturn’s Golden Age it is said there was darkness upon the face of the earth this was the ‘Purple Dawn of Creation’.
You are about to undergo a speculative journey into a time before the coming of the Saturn god and the death cult that would follow him an exploration into how Earth might have looked to a race of.
The Great Nebula in Orion a. is a Herbig-Haro object. is a reflection nebula. is an emission nebula. contains only young low mass stars. is believed to be about 5 billion years old. Please help. As far as I know the Orion Nebula is both an emission and reflection nebula, and I'm getting mixed answers from my book.
How does the geometry of bipolar ﬂows and Herbig-Haro objects support the hypothesis that protostars are surrounded by rotating disks. (Chap pReview Question 5) See your text, p Herbig-Haro objects are found along thesame axis as jets that form the bipolar ﬂows.
In particular, 4b, which states “Obse rvations of these. Appreciate how interstellar gas cools, plus the various sources of heating. Describe the various pieces of evidence in favour of interstellar dust, the composition and size of dust grains, plus their influence upon the shape of the interstellar UV/optical/IR extinction curve.
texts All Books All Texts latest This Just In Smithsonian Libraries FEDLINK (US) Genealogy Lincoln Collection. National Emergency Library. Top American Libraries Canadian Libraries Universal Library Community Texts Project Gutenberg Biodiversity Heritage Library Children's Library.
Open Library. History of knowledge of interstellar space Herbig–Haro object ejects gas through interstellar space. The nature of the interstellar medium has received the attention of astronomers and scientists over the centuries, and understanding of the ISM has developed. However, they first had to acknowledge the basic concept of "interstellar" space.
The Herbig-Haro object 34 (HH) is a classic example of axially aligned celestial objects conforming to the polar configuration model postulated for an ancient Earth/Saturn axial alignment.
The inset photo is a Spitzer Space Telescope image with enough resolution to. A new book set for release just after the movie "Interstellar" premieres in November promises to take fans of the film behind the scenes, delving into the. In astronomy, the interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter that exists in the space between the star systems in a matter includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, as well as dust and cosmic fills interstellar space and blends smoothly into the surrounding intergalactic energy that occupies the same volume, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, is the.
Star Formation and Bipolar Flows.- H? and [S II] Direct Images of Herbig-Haro Objects 1 and 2 with the Mepsicron Detector.- The Structure of the HH39 Region.- New Herbig-Haro Objects Found by a New Method.- IR Line and Continuum Emission from Bipolar Outflow Sources.- Models for the Emission-Line Spectra of the Low-Excitation Herbig-Haro ObjectsThe Star Formation Newsletter is a vehicle for fast distribution of information of interest for as-tronomers working on star and planet formation and molecular clouds.
You can submit material for the following sections: Abstracts of recently accepted papers (only for papers sent to refereed journals), Abstracts of recently accepted major re.The interstellar medium is clearly evident as it blocks the light from many stars in the Milky Way.
From outside the Milky Way, it would appear as a galaxy much like Andromeda (M31). An enlarged view in the direction of the center of our Galaxy, illustrating the blockage of .


GÉANT is contributing our networking expertise to help the design phase of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
The SKA will be two new very advanced radio telescopes to serve the next generation of cosmology and astronomy scientific investigations. The two telescopes are complementary to each other and cover different sections of the electromagnetic spectrum. SKA1-Low will be built at the Murchison Observatory in Western Australia and SKA-Mid will be built in the Karoo in South Africa.
In collaboration with SANReN (South Africa) and AARNet (Australia) members of GÉANT have been leading the design and specification of the multi-terrabit networks required internally by the SKA radio telescopes to move the information digitised by the antennas to the computer systems that extract the signals from the noise and then on to the HPCs that convert the data into sky-maps.
There are three very different networking requirements within the SKA project each with its own specific challenges.
- Transporting the data from the individual antenna (up to 100Gbps each) to the central signal processors (CSPs) requiring hundreds of links across a radius of over 100Km together with providing extremely accurate timing for the operation of the antenna.
- Transporting this data (nearly 5Tbps) to the High Performance Computing centre (HOPC) nearly 800Km away in Cape Town.
- Providing access to this data for researchers across the globe.
In addition, the group has been working on the Non-Science Data network that provides an infrastructure for each telescope that will carry all the services, many of them critical, required to operate, monitor and maintain the telescopes. All this design work was performed as members of the SKA Signal and Data Transport (SaDT) consortium for the Preliminary Design Review. The review was held last year led by an external panel of experts who asked interesting and useful questions. The basic designs were deemed to meet the requirements and after answering the observations, SaDT was approved to proceed with the detailed design.
GÉANT has a long term commitment to working with the SKA teams to help ensure both the success of the project and to enable researchers from around the world can benefit from the data collected and generated.
For more information on how GÉANT supporting the SKA read CONNECT Issue 17


LAS VEGAS (AP) — Overcast skies obscured views of the partial solar eclipse in the Las Vegas area, but people who gathered for Reno-area viewing parties got a good look at a the moon passing in front of the sun.
Stormy weather brought light rain and thunderstorms to southern Nevada on Monday, and didn’t clear until after the rare celestial event had occurred.
The National Weather Service had predicted the clearest skies in Nevada would probably be in the northern part of the state, including Elko.
Meteorologist Barry Pierce said the Las Vegas area averages 330 sunny days a year, but was just unlucky on Monday.
Isolated thunderstorms also were forecast across the center of the state, from Tonopah to Ely.
SOLAR ECLIPSE 2017
LIVE STREAM: Check Out LIVE Eclipse Coverage
FAQ: 8 Helpful Facts to Enjoy the Eclipse
WATCH PARTIES: 5 Cool Places in Vegas to Watch the Eclipse
ECLIPSE GLASSES?: 5 Ways to Make Your Own Eclipse Viewer


Sat Dec 3, 2011
I remember discussing with my math and physics teacher. I was about sixteen years old. She argued that the attraction the Earth exerts on any bodies around it increases as we get closer to the center. My intuition was telling me that if gravity acceleration is caused by mass, the point of maximum gravity should be the surface of the planet, not the center. At the center of the earth we would be surrounded by mass, so nothing would be pulling us towards the center of the Earth anymore. I believe she probably had this formula in her head: F = Gm1m2/r*r. That’s Newton’s law of universal gravitation. In that formula, as the distance between the two masses decreases, the force gets stronger. If the distance (r) would approach 0, the force (F) would increase towards infinite. This formula is useful if we consider the two masses (m1 and m2) to be points. But the Earth is not a point. Points have no inside and outside, but this planet does.
Somehow a few days ago, twenty years after that discussion, these ideas came back to me. So I went and asked Mr. Internet. It turns out we were both partially right. The gravity acceleration does not immediately decrease as we move towards the center of the Earth, as my intuition had told me. In fact, it first increases a little as we go down. There are at least two reasons. One, the effect of the planet rotation, which tries to throw us up into space, is stronger on the surface than down below. And two, density of the matter inside the planet is not always the same: it changes depending on the depth.
That means that as we start digging towards the center of the planet, the gravity acceleration initially increases, reaching the maximum at about half way through our trip to the center of the Earth. But after that it decreases down to zero, as I had suspected.
My teacher did not appreciate so much my ability to get the right answers without knowing or remembering all the theorems and rules. At least publicly she didn’t, I don’t know what she thought about it. In any case I believe it was an ability to be promoted, not something to get rid of. My feeling is that teachers wanted students who were able to memorize things, not understand them. That’s why I find this video important: Changing Education Paradigms, why I enjoyed the book Hackers and Painters. And maybe one reason why I’m interested in the Khan Academy and recorded almost 100 episodes of Fun Programming.


Years of Perseverance: SNC Contributes to Mars 2020 Rover
July 28, 2020
NASA is soon expected to launch the Perseverance rover on its Mars 2020 mission. While the rover is currently being prepped for launch, its build wasn’t an overnight event. It took hundreds of engineers years to get the rover to where it is today.
The mission itself was first announced in 2012. In the years following, NASA had to acquire mechanisms and components in order to build their rover.
SNC employees started developing and building eight mechanisms for the mission in February of 2015.
We chatted with SNC mechanical engineer, Dave, about the design challenge and a special trip he and five teammates were invited to take in 2018.
“Perseverance included a number of design challenges,” said Dave. “Some mechanisms we built are being used in multiple applications throughout the rover. Others were designed to be used in a single, highly specialized application. Striking a balance between maintaining similarity between eight different designs and deviating to meet specific application requirements was a challenge.”
Dave says the SNC team and its counterparts at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) partnered well together, solving unexpected problems despite being three time zones a part!
That collaboration become even more rewarding when Dave and five other SNC employees were invited to see how the mechanisms they built were being utilized. They were invited to NASA’s JPL in Pasadena, California in November of 2018.
Dave tells us the group spent part of the day meeting to discuss the status of the Mars 2020 program, but the real treat was getting the opportunity to tour the labs using the SNC-built hardware that had already been delivered.
The team also got the chance to see the actual Perseverance rover in assembly in a giant JPL clean room. In another building, they saw the flight helicopter in production.
“Seeing our designs meet their performance and life test requirements at our facility was very rewarding after years of design, assembly and collaboration with JPL. But, having the opportunity to visit JPL and see our mechanisms working well, integrated into mechanisms in in various test labs around their campus, and see the rover in person, was icing on the cake,” said Dave.
Finally, the team made a stop at the ‘Mars Yard’, which is where the earth-bound version of NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover lives. It’s what engineers use for troubleshooting or testing any issues Curiosity actually sees while on Mars.


Trip difficulty: 1/5, very easy
Tour Highlights:- Northern Lights- Super Jeep- Small Group Setting- Free photos
During this Northern Lights Hunt tour, you'll be able to witness the wonderful northern lights in action!
Northern Lights Jeep tour Iceland:
This fascinating natural phenomenon known as the Northern Lights, is one of the most mesmerizing sights you will ever come across in your lifetime. The dancing colors and shapes in the dark arctic sky will simply leave you awestruck.
Firstly, your expert Northern Lights guide will pick you up at your selected pick up location in an custom-built 4x4 super jeep. On the search for the Northern Lights you will travel through some of Iceland's most spectacular natural sights by night time with a very informative guide. The best part: The super jeep gives us flexibility to go off of the beaten path, where big tour buses can not reach giving us a better chance to enjoy the Northern Lights without the discomfort of big crowds.
Venture into the night with us for front row seats on a chase to see the spectacular, unique and ever changing show that are the Northern Lights.
In the cold night, there is nothing like some hot chocolate to keep warm and the brave ones can even add some Icelandic Brennivín to theirs!
Our guides take photos every time the Northern lights are spotted so you can be sure to get your picture taken with the Aurora.
Please note: As the success of the Super Jeep Northern Lights tour is heavily dependent on weather conditions, we reserve the right to cancel departures up until 18:15 on the day of the tour. If the Northern Lights jeep tour goes ahead and no northern lights are seen we offer clients the chance to join a minibus version on another evening's departure free of charge upon availability. Note that you need to contact us to re-book.
Disclaimer: All adventure trips are undertaken on the responsibility of its participants. Arctic Adventures does not assume any responsibility for accidents which are caused by its customers or can be traced to there own actions. Participants have to sign a waiver before undertaking all trips stating that they realize that all outdoor activities carry an inherent risk
If you want to learn more about this Northern Lights Super Jeep tour from Reykjavik, click here.
The Northern Lights are natural phenomena that are difficult to predict, but our guides do everything in their power to make sure you see the lights.


Open Access proceedings Journal of Physics: Conference series
material for space telescope mirror . However, the two-phase structure of the silicon carbide material causes the surface to be less dense than the glass material, and the high hardness leads to poor workability. Therefore, the silicon carbide mirror
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A Φ 3.5 M SiC telescope for HERSCHEL Mission
Space telescope, using silicon carbide technology will be the largest space imagery telescope ever launched. The Herschel telescope will weight 300 kg rather than the 1.5 tons required with standard technology. The Herschel telescope is to be delivered in 2005
China produces largest aspheric mirror with potential …
The silicon carbide aspheric optical mirror measures 1.6 tonnes. The silicon carbide used in production provides more stability to the surface of the mirror, allowing for greater accuracy at 20
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Fine Ceramics in Space | Noticias | Spain
Silicon infiltrated silicon carbide ’s silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide (SiSiC) and its manufacturing and joining technologies allow the monolithic production of intrie, fine-detailed and complex components in a large-scaled format up to 1 m x 1 m x 650 mm, and in near future even larger.
Silicon Carbide Optical Telescopes in ''Small Satellite'' Constellations
Silicon Carbide (Sic) has been space-proven in "large 1 Aperture Optical Sciences Inc., Durham, CT 06422 3. Process Baseline Baseline Sic Mirror Process th e We have analyzed Sic mirror production costs satellite" programs for both optical and structural
(PDF) All-SiC telescope technology: Recent progress and …
Silicon carbide (SiC) is the most advantageous as the material of various telescope mirrors, because of high stiffness, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, low density and excellent
Silicon carbide pointing mirror and telescope for the …
Download Citation | Silicon carbide pointing mirror and telescope for the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) | SSG Precision Optronics, Inc. has delivered a silicon
Fabriing large-scale mirrors using reaction-bonded …
Indeed, this telescope—until recently the largest IR telescope mirror in the world—was brazed by 12 monolithic, sintered silicon carbide ceramics. 5 In addition, in our group, we have been researching silicon carbide mirror manufacturing technologies since the
Mirror Material Properties Compiled for Next Generation (30 to …
NASA/TM--1998-208181 Mirror Material Properties Compiled for Preliminary Design of the Next Generation Space Telescope (30 to 294 Kelvin) P.L. Luz and T. Rice Marshall Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama National Aeronautics and
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mirror for solar telescope Ravinder K. Banyal,∗ B. Ravindra, and S. Chatterjee Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India 560034 ∗[email protected] Abstract: In this paper, an opto-thermal analysis of a moderately heated lightweighted solar telescope
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DESIGN OF A BASIC ANGLE MONITORING SYSTEM IN SILICON CARBIDE
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Light Weight Sic Foamed Mirror for Telescope to be …
Cite this paper as: Citterio O., Parodi G. (1997) Light Weight Sic Foamed Mirror for Telescope to be Operated in Space. In: Eiroa C., Alberdi A., Thronson H., De Graauw T., Schalinski C.J. (eds) Infrared Space Interferometry: Astrophysics & the Study of Earth
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Designed multifunction telescope of silicon carbide Produced 30 cm aperture telescope made entirely of silicon carbide optics and structures Produced lightweight silicon carbide mirror with surface accuracy required for visible optics Space optical
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Silicon carbide (SiC) is a competitive candidate material for building the space-based reflecting mirrors. However, SiC is also a typical difficult-to-machine material due to its extreme hardness. When SiC workpiece is machined by grinding, the wheel wears rapidly which …
Tech Days 2017 – X-ray & Cryogenic Facility
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Low-expansion glass for telescopes
Low-expansion glass for telescopes: 50 years of Zerodur milestones Inspection of a hexagonal segment of Zerodur at Schott. Nearly 800 such segments will eventually make up the 39-meter primary mirror of the Extremely Large Telescope in Chile.
ESA - Herschel main mirror made from SiC petals
The ''blank'' for Herschel''s main mirror wss 3.5 metres in diameter and was fabried by brazing together 12 segments. The segments were formed by isostatic pressing and sintering of silicon carbide. The mirror blank became the biggest silicon carbide structure in the world and the completed mirror became the largest single-component telescope reflector ever made for use in space.
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Tonight, my Cubs are doing the “Astronomer” badge. I thought it might be rather nice to give them an idea of the local solar system before moving on to the Big and Little dippers – and of course, how they can find the north star, Polaris.
For reference, I thought I would stick a British 2p coin on the wall as the Earth, and work out towards the sun via the moon.
It turns out (and I didn’t know this) that:
- The Earth is about 8,000 miles in diameter
- The moon is around 2,000 in diameter
- The Sun is about 850,000 miles in diameter
The long and short of it is this: If I stuck a 2p on the wall, the moon would be 78cms away away (about 2’6″) and the size of a pea. The sun would be 310 meters away, and 2.6 meters in diameter (7 feet or so).
It was a good night. If you fancy doing this badge with your cubs, let me know. I have some flips you can have. If you are local, I also have an overhead projector which is great for displaying “real” stars on the wall 🙂


Martian air and water might be all that’s needed to store energy on the Red Planet, according to a recent discussion on the NewMars forums. Solar power, perhaps in the form of a Solar Power Tower, is one of the strongest contenders for a system to generate energy for a pioneering Martian settlement. However, solar power systems only generate energy when the Sun is shining. This creates a need to store energy to keep the lights on at night.
Users on the Forum believe they may have a solution: Freeze Carbon Dioxide out of the atmosphere, then use the heat from lukewarm water to boil it off and drive an engine.
Here’s how the system would work:
- Freeze Carbon Dioxide out of the atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide freezes at a temperature of 195 K (-78°C, -103°F). Mars during the day is generally around 250 K (-23°C, -10°F) but this can be variable. Basically what this means is that it’s a lot easier to freeze CO2 on Mars than Earth. Mars’s atmosphere is over 95% carbon dioxide.
- Melt ice to store heat: Melting ice requires energy, which is released when it freezes. Specifically, it requires 334 kJ/kg of heat. This can be done with a simple system to absorb and transfer solar heat.
- Melt and pressurize the dry ice. The energy to do this is free: It comes from the “hot” end of the freezer you used to freeze the dry ice out of the atmosphere. At an elevated pressure of 5 to 10 times Earth’s atmosphere, CO2 will be liquid at normal martian temperatures, meaning that there’s no temperature problems with storage.
- Heat the liquid Carbon Dioxide into a gas around -20°C (-5°F) using energy from the water and run it through a piston or turbine to generate energy. Repeat until there’s no usable pressure left.
This system has the potential to be both incredibly efficient and incredibly simple. A high-performing battery will return 70-90% of the energy input. This system could be expected to return 60-110%: In certain cases it will release more energy than it stores. Meanwhile, the technology involved is very simple. Refrigeration and piston engines fall into the category of what Dr. Robert Zubrin likes to call “Gaslight Era Technology”, meaning that it would be familiar to people in an advanced country at the turn of the previous century.
Some challenges remain: A system to freeze cold, low pressure Carbon Dioxide out of the atmosphere presents design challenges in maximizing the rate of heat transfer while also maximizing efficiency. The efficiency of the system depends strongly on the efficiency of this process. Any system to provide power at night needs to be extremely reliable and will require extensive testing before deployment.
The settlement of Mars will necessarily be based on the use of resources available on Mars; the development of a system like this one would bring us that much closer to permanent human settlement of the Red Planet.


This day brought a once in a lifetime event here—a solar eclipse that would last 5 minutes and will come back around again in 300 years. The forecast predicted rain and clouds, but that didn’t stop my class and I from getting up early and going to the Century Park in the Pudong section of Shanghai.
The rain was holding out and we were able to catch a glimpse of the sun through the clouds on our way into the park. After we camped out on the lawn near some trees, the clouds kept rolling in. I hoped for “rolling by” but they parked there and just about as the eclipse was full, it started raining, and then pouring. We had to break camp and head for the trees. We stood in the rain and the dark and it was quite an unusual feeling.
When it got light out again, the rain let up a little and we agreed that we should take advantage of being in the park. We agreed to rent a bike cart and we rode around. The bike people warned us that the umbrella built into the bike “not avoid the rain” but we ignored that and the five of us crammed into our 4-person cart.
Down the road a bit, it started pouring and the bike people were right. Water was pooling on the roof and dripping non-stop down our backs, into our laps, and on our heads, etc. We decided that we could use our umbrellas in the cart, so we coordinated and re-directed the rain. Plan C was to park our cart in a dry spot, so we did some off-roading to get to a wedding tent looking thing. We waited out the rain and when it let up, I helped push our cart out of the mud.
Sally, one of my students, told me that we were like wet chickens as we were using Kleenex to move the water around on the cart. Despite the unfortunate rain and clouds during an otherwise hot, clear and sunny week; a good time was had by all. We agreed that if the day had been perfect, the solar eclipse wouldn’t have been so memorable. Besides, now we have an excuse to meet up again in 300 years to see the next one. I’m bringing the drinks.
Our eclipse party
The full on eclipse under the safety of our umbrellas
Our cart at the rest stop


The center of gravity of a body is the point at which we can consider its whole weight to be concentrated.
In our formulas we use the "acceleration of gravity" number. This value is about 980 centimeters per second per second or 32.2 feet per second per second.
These numbers vary little on the earth surface
- At the equator gravity is about 978 centimeters-per-second per second.
- At the poles gravity is 983 centimeters-per-second per second
- On February 15, 2018


Imagine a night sky filled with twinkling stars and a mesmerizing display of celestial beauty. Now, envision capturing this magical experience within the confines of your home. Galaxy lamps make this dream a reality, bringing the awe-inspiring wonder of the cosmos right into your living space. With their enchanting designs and soothing illumination, galaxy lamps have become a popular choice for those seeking to infuse a touch of celestial allure into their homes.
A Glimpse into the Cosmos
Galaxy lamps are a fusion of art and science, carefully crafted to replicate the celestial wonder of the galaxy. They encapsulate the essence of stars, planets, and cosmic formations in a compact, mesmerizing lamp. Utilizing advanced technology and creative design, these lamps project a breathtaking visual experience that transports you to the depths of outer space.
The primary mechanism behind these lamps involves intricate LED lighting and 3D printing technologies. LED lights are strategically placed within a spherical or dome-shaped structure, mimicking the appearance of stars and galaxies. The 3D printing technique allows for the creation of precise and detailed cosmic designs, giving the lamp an authentic and ethereal look.
The Dance of Light and Colour
One of the most captivating aspects of galaxy lamps is the interplay of light and colour. The LEDs within the lamp emit a soft, diffused glow, replicating the gentle radiance of stars. The hues range from deep blues and purples to vibrant pinks and greens, resembling the myriad colours found in the cosmic realm. This dynamic blend of colours adds a dreamy and surreal ambiance to any room, creating a relaxing and soothing atmosphere.
A Personalized Cosmic Experience
Galaxy lamps offer a customizable experience, allowing you to tailor the lighting to match your preferences and mood. Some lamps come with adjustable colour settings, enabling you to switch between various shades and intensities of light. Whether you desire a calming, tranquil atmosphere or a more vibrant, energetic vibe, these lamps can adapt to suit your needs.
Moreover, certain galaxy lamps offer the option to choose specific constellations or patterns, letting you create your own slice of the universe. From the mesmerizing swirls of a galaxy to the familiar constellations like the Big Dipper, the lamp’s design possibilities are as vast and varied as the cosmos itself.
A Source of Serenity
In a world filled with hustle and bustle, finding moments of serenity and relaxation is crucial for overall well-being. Galaxy lamps provide a tranquil escape, offering a meditative experience akin to stargazing. The gentle illumination combined with the entrancing patterns can help calm the mind, reduce stress, and promote a sense of peace. It’s a delightful way to unwind and rejuvenate after a long day.
Perfect for Every Space
The versatility of galaxy lamps is another reason for their widespread appeal. Whether you’re adorning your bedroom, living room, office, or any other space, these lamps seamlessly blend into any decor. Their aesthetic appeal and soft glow enhance the ambiance of any room, making them a wonderful addition to various settings.
A Gift from the Cosmos
Galaxy lamps make for exceptional gifts, captivating the hearts of both the young and the young at heart. Whether for a birthday, anniversary, or any special occasion, gifting a galaxy lamp is like presenting a piece of the cosmos. It’s a thoughtful and unique gesture that brings the wonders of the night sky to the recipient’s fingertips.
In conclusion, galaxy lamps hold a special allure, capturing the imagination and fascination of individuals seeking to bring the magic of the cosmos into their lives. With their artful designs, soothing illumination, and customizable features, these lamps offer a captivating and enchanting experience. Let the allure of the galaxy brighten your nights and bring a touch of celestial wonder into your everyday world.


An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth by Chris Hadfield
My rating: 5 of 5 stars
Now this is a book I would like every aspiring youngster to read. Kids who want to be the tops and never mind youngsters, all adults should read this book. It's a great advert for co-operation, for planning, organising and thinking ahead, and gives excellent reasons why striving to be number one and better than everyone else, and making sure they know it, is not the way to succeed.
Chris Hadfield is a laconic Canadian, the astronaut who sent back from the space station all those lovely Youtube videos of life in space and the beautiful photographs of earth and space. He writes about his journey to become an astronaut and how all those bromides we hear are not a good idea. You should sweat the small stuff or disaster will happen. You should plan and organise and practise, practise, practise. You should co-operate and work with your colleagues/people around you because your life, and theirs, depend on each one's knowledge, and care.
Well, obviously that has to be done in space, people will say. Yes, but what about our planet which needs us to be as careful and caring as astronauts need to be. it's already in a critical state.
Yes, there are some really valuable lessons to learn from this book and it's a well written, fascinating read by a clear sighted, clear thinking, caring human being. We need to do a Gideom's Bible trick and get this book into every place and reach as many people as possible. After all isn't planet earth just a large space station floating in space?
View all my reviews


Announcement: Golden Beer Talks has moved to the newly renovated Buffalo Rose event center. This iconic, historic and beautifully curated Golden venue is located at the base of the Howdy Folks arch, at 1119 Washington Avenue.
The Buffalo Rose provides our audience with comfortably expanded seating capacity, as well as a delicious food menu. Local beer remains core to the Golden Beer Talks experience, with two carefully selected brews on tap for every gathering. Additionally, a Holidaily Brewing gluten-free beer option is now available at every gathering. buffalorose.net
June 11th, 2019
Jim Clawson, PhD – Stellar Solutions, Inc., Technical Advisor, NASA
Topic – Boots on the Moon
In December of 2017, Space Policy Directive 1 changed the nation’s space policy to provide for a U.S.-led, integrated program with private sector partners for a human return to the Moon, followed by missions to Mars and beyond. Further, at the Fifth Meeting of the National Space Council in March, Vice President Pence remarked, ‘it is the stated policy of this administration and the United States of America to return American astronauts to the Moon within the next five years.’ In order to best accomplish these goals, NASA is going forward to the Moon in two phases. First, we are focused on speed to land the first woman, and next man, on the Moon by 2024. Second, we will establish sustainable missions by 2028. Exploring the moon helps create a vibrant future that establishes American leadership and strategic presence, inspires a new generation, and encourages careers in STEM, leads groundbreaking science and technology, expands U.S. global economic impact, grows U.S. industry and international partnerships, and proves technologies, capabilities and new business approaches for future missions to Mars. This talk will further explore the who, what, when, where , why, and how of getting boots on the Moon by 2024.
Dr. Clawson is an aerospace engineer specializing in life support and habitation systems to enable crews to spend extended durations beyond low Earth orbit. Until recently, Jim was a member of the team designing Orion, NASA’s crewed vehicle for deep space exploration. He integrated thermal and power systems as well as scripted the automation sequences for the uncrewed Exploration Flight Test (EFT-1). For the last year, he has been a technical advisor to NASA’s Advanced Exploration Systems Division assisting in acquiring the technology and systems required to return astronaut’s to the moon by 2024.
How This Works
The Buffalo Rose will open at 6:00 p.m. Food and drink service will begin at 6:00 p.m. and the program will begin around 6:30 p.m. Following the presentation, we’ll take a brief intermission for Q + A. We’ll wrap up around 7:45 p.m., but people interested in staying a bit longer to socialize will be able to do so. There is no cover charge and no purchase is necessary.


Chandra Grahan 2023, Date and Time, Live Updates and Preacautions: The lunar eclipse, known as Chandra Grahan in India, holds both celestial and religious significance. Chandra Grahan 2023 in India is scheduled for October 28, starting at 11:31 PM and ending at 3:36 AM on October 29. This event will be visible from the moonrise on the 28th to the moonset on the 29th. To assist you in preparing for this eclipse, we’ve compiled essential information, including the date and time for lunar eclipses in different countries, viewing tips, and astrology-related insights. It’s important to note that the October 2023 lunar eclipse will commence with the moon rising over Eastern America and setting over Australia. For expecting mothers, we’ve also provided guidelines on Chandra Grahan 2023 and its potential effects during pregnancy.
Chandra Grahan, Lunar Eclipse 2023 India
The upcoming lunar eclipse in October 2023 holds great promise for both astronomy enthusiasts and those intrigued by its celestial charm. It presents exciting opportunities for growth and advancement. However, it’s essential to adhere to the Sutak guidelines if you’re passionate about stargazing and want to fully appreciate this cosmic spectacle.
Chandra Grahan 2023 Overview
|Chandra Grahan 2023
|Chandra Grahan Date
|28th October 2023
|Chandra Grahan Start Time
|11:32 PM on 28th October
|Chandra Grahan End Time
|03.26 AM of 29th October
|Country wise timings
|Type of Lunar Eclipse
When is Chandra Grahan Date and Time
The last lunar eclipse of 2023 occurred on the night of 28th-29th October. It was visible not only in India but also in Australia, Europe, North America, South America, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic, the Southern Pacific, the Arctic, and Antarctica.
In India, the eclipse began at 1:05 AM and ended at 2:24 AM, with the peak at 1:44 AM. In astrology, eclipses are considered inauspicious. To counter any negative effects, it’s recommended to sprinkle Ganga water throughout the house and take a bath after the eclipse. After bathing, purify the house with Ganga water and perform prayers and rituals. Donating to the needy is also considered significant after an eclipse.
These post-eclipse traditions help mitigate any potential adverse effects according to astrological beliefs.
Chandra Grahan 2023 Live Updates
In India, the lunar eclipse on October 28, 2023, will commence at 1:05 AM and conclude at 2:24 AM, lasting for 1 hour and 18 minutes. The midpoint of the eclipse will be at 1:44 AM, when the maximum impact will be observed. The eclipse’s penumbral phase will start at 4:05 PM the day before.
For various cities:
- Mumbai: Moonrise time today is at 4:57 PM.
- Lucknow: Moonrise time today is at 4:31 PM.
- Chennai: Moonrise time today is at 4:40 PM.
- Delhi: Moonrise time today is at 4:45 PM.
- Kolkata: Moonrise time today is at 4:02 PM.
- Patna: Moonrise time today is at 4:14 PM.
- Kanpur: Moonrise time today is at 4:34 PM.
- Gurugram: Moonrise time today is at 4:34 PM.
Please note these timings for the lunar eclipse and moonrise in your city.
Chandra Grahan Precautions, Does and Don’ts
Here are some important guidelines to keep in mind:
- Avoid Religious Practices: It’s best to refrain from engaging in any religious ceremonies or rituals during the Sutak period.
- Dietary Precautions: To prepare for the eclipse, consider including basil leaves in your meals, and if possible, try not to eat during the eclipse.
- Devotional Activities: During the Sutak period, it’s advisable to avoid participating in devotional singing and chanting.
- Post-Eclipse Routine: After the eclipse ends, it’s a good practice to take a bath before you consume any food.
Chandra Grahan Sutak
The lunar eclipse in Delhi is expected to conclude at 2:22 am, lasting around one hour and sixteen minutes. A significant aspect to note is the Sutak period, which starts precisely nine hours before the eclipse. During this time, it’s advised to avoid participating in any religious activities, whether at temples or at home. This tradition is deeply rooted in ancient scriptures and is aimed at protecting individuals from negative influences.
What Pregnant Women should do before and after Chandra Grahan
Expectant mothers should take special care during this lunar eclipse. Certain actions during the eclipse could potentially harm the baby’s cognitive development. That’s why it’s a common practice to close temple doors just before the Sutak period begins.
How to see Chandra Grahan 2023
While watching a lunar eclipse can be truly mesmerizing, remember to prioritize safety. Never look directly at the Sun, as it can harm your eyes. Ensure you use approved sun filters or specialized eclipse eyewear for solar eclipses. However, during a lunar eclipse, there’s no need for eye protection, as the Moon remains visible even when dimmed. To stay updated on upcoming eclipse events, rely on trustworthy sources for accurate information. Your eye safety matters.
Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope, Rashifal
Aries, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
The final lunar eclipse in the year might bring some challenges for Aries. It could impact your health negatively and lead to disagreements with your spouse. Both your personal and professional life could be affected, causing added stress. It’s advisable to refrain from making financial investments during this time.
Taurus, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
Your finances may take a hit during the lunar eclipse, causing increased expenses. This period might leave you feeling isolated and anxious, amplifying mental stress.
Gemini, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
You might be reminding yourself that life isn’t all about seeking perfection, and this realization will come to you soon. Staying attentive and mindful will bring harmony to how you express yourself and how you perceive things.
Cancer, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
If you’re a Cancer sign, this lunar eclipse might not be in your favor. Work folks, watch your step at the job, and don’t forget your well-being.
Leo, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
If you’re feeling like your current path is getting dull or doesn’t quite match your interests, don’t worry! Exciting changes could be on the horizon. Sometimes, life can throw a bunch of stuff your way all at once, serving as a gentle reminder to hit the pause button before settling into routines that may keep you feeling stagnant. Embrace a new approach to create a more vibrant future.
Virgo, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
Virgo individuals may experience financial challenges during the eclipse. It’s crucial to manage your spending, avoid borrowing, and exercise caution in your financial dealings.
Libra, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
Dear Libra friends, the current moment brings you divine equilibrium. When you take a step back, it becomes clear that life is flowing just as it should, bringing joy and steering you towards your cherished, long-held dreams. However Embrace this harmonious journey.
Scorpio, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
During this lunar eclipse, health concerns could surface, and job changes might become a possibility. Keep an eye out for potential challenges and be wary of any adversaries.
Sagittarius, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
Embrace spiritual growth and anticipate positive life changes. Trust your instincts and take gradual steps to overcome your fears.
Capricorn, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
Embarking on a fresh journey can stir up mixed emotions – a blend of uncertainty and nostalgia. But remember, your selfless deeds have left an enduring mark that’s truly priceless. It’s essential to carve out moments for self-care and let your unique talents shine.
Aquarius, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
You have a strong support system during this phase, even if you may not fully recognize it. Embrace openness and generosity, as they can bring unexpected blessings into your life.Moreover Just like a sunflower turns to face the sun for nourishment, look towards positivity and optimism.
Pisces, Chandra Grahan 2023 Horoscope
The cosmos is on your side, even after times of isolation. Join hands with people who share your passions and dreams. Prioritize genuine connections over just expanding your contact list, and watch your aspirations flourish. Be open to fresh bonds at work and home, as they could lead to exciting opportunities.
Chandra Grahan October 2023, Country wise timings
Discover the Lunar Eclipse 2023 schedule around the world:
New Zealand: October 28-29, 11:32 PM to 3:26 AM
United Kingdom: October 28-29, 8:40 PM to 4:00 AM
India: October 28-29, 11:32 PM to 3:26 AM
Cyprus: October 28-29, 10:30 PM to 4:20 AM
Australia: October 28-29, 9:00 PM to 3:30 AM
Europe: October 28-29, 10:30 PM to 4:20 AM
Russia: October 28-29, 9:40 PM to 3:50 AM
China: October 28-29, 8:45 PM to 4:10 AM
Japan: October 28-29, 8:55 PM to 3:00 AM
Thailand: October 28-29, 8:40 PM to 4:00 AM
UAE: October 28-29, 11:32 PM to 3:26 AM
USA: October 28-29, 8:40 PM to 4:00 AM
These timings provide a glimpse of this celestial event worldwide.


Tonight is the peak of the second meteor shower of October, the Orionids. Since the moon is just past full and has been incredibly bright, it’s unlikely we’ll get to see any shooting stars, but that doesn’t mean we can’t harness the energy of the shower in our magickal workings.
October’s full moon is often called the hunter’s moon, because its light aided hunters in tracking their prey on autumn nights, enabling them to bring home enough game for the winter months ahead. The Orionids fly from the constellation Orion, the greatest hunter in ancient Greece. At the same time as the full hunter’s moon, they give us powerful energy to work with.
Orion was the hunting companion of the goddess Artemis until he was killed by a giant scorpion. Artemis is the goddess of hunters and the wild things, as well as the goddess of the moon. She is the protector of animals and children and defends the powerless, especially women, against unjust treatment.
If you are in need of courage in the face of unfair dealings, protection for animals or children, or aid while hunting responsibly, call on Artemis and Orion tonight. It’s even better if you head outside, where the wild things are, and talk to Artemis directly. Ask nicely, because she’s a tough lady who expects respect. A small offering of thanks will keep you in her good graces.
I’ve had clear nights to enjoy October’s full moon, but I have to admit the addition of the frenetic Aries energy has made it an interesting ride for the past few days. It’s definitely hasn’t been a good time for catching up on sleep. Now that the moon has transitioned into Taurus, maybe I’ll get some rest.
If you haven’t seen this beautiful moon yet, I hope you have a cloudless sky tonight.


At left is a screenshot of the iPad application LightTrac.
LightTrac displays various information about how the sun traverses the sky in any given location, along with moonrise/moonset times.
When doing any kind of outdoor photography, it is extremely helpful to know exactly how the sun is going to track through the sky. Obviously, while in the field, you can just look up to figure this out. Having an application that models the sun’s traversal such that you have an idea of how the light will change throughout the day is tremendously useful.
On a vacation or any kind of a planned photo shoot, this application makes it easy to know what photo opportunities might be optimal in the magic light of sunrise and sunset. When visiting a city for a day tour, it can help you decide on an optimal path through a city; if you travel primarily east to west in the AM, returning in the PM, you’ll maximize time with the sun at your back illuminating what is in front of you!
Beyond photography, LightTrac has also answered a question I’ve long had about my garden plot; exactly how does the sun traverse the plot and where should I plant tall stuff to minimally shade shorter stuff (the answer is that my garden’s rows are likely to be on a diagonal to the plot in the coming years!
While there is always room for improvement — knowing where the moon is can help to plan for long exposure ghostly night shots, for example and the app “only” gives phases, moonrise and moonset — the application is intuitive, useful, and generally pleasant to use.


On Tuesday and Wednesday, the strawberry supermoon lit up the sky around the globe, giving spectators the opportunity to see the lowest full moon of this year.
NASA reports that the full moon was in its closest orbit to Earth at 7:24 PM EDT Tuesday. It was close enough that it could be called a supermoon. This makes it the second of 2022.
It was full Tuesday night into Wednesday morning. NASA stated that it was the 2022 lowest full moon and reached 23.3 degrees above Earth's horizon Wednesday morning at 1:56 AM EDT.
Its name does not have to do with the color. The strawberry moon, traditionally, is the full moon in June. This is usually the first or last day of spring.
According to The Old Farmer's Almanac the Native American Algonquin tribes of Algonquin peoples who live in northeastern U.S.A and Ojibwe and Dakota used this name. It was used to identify the ripening stage of strawberries that were ready to be picked in June.
According to the Almanac, sky-gazers should look to the southeast after sunset to see the full moon rise above horizon. The supermoon reached its peak illumination on Tuesday at 7:52 AM EDT. However, it was not visible in North American time zones until Tuesday night, because some areas of the globe had already seen it. Based on your location, the Almanac can calculate the moonrise and sunset times.
Full moons can be a great time to see lunar features as the rest of sky will be washed away by the sun. Space.com says that you can see the highlands and lowlands, and can generate stories and images about these shapes with your naked eye.
The Virtual Telescope Project in Italy provided a livestream that was free and could show the full moon rising over Rome. Unfortunately, the weather prevented it from happening.
If you missed the supermoon, another one will be held on July 13.


13th January 2005 - 09:40 AM
Hi Jolly Rodger,
Jolly Roger Posted on Jan 13 2005, 01:47 AM
I'm going to have to disagree about your point that electromagnetic phenomena and physical reality being separate things
This is sort of a debate to say if when you travel near the speed of light is space and time actually being warped around you or is this just the optical effects of very high speed travel.
I am going to use some “dumb” ideas on relative time and space velocities but I hope you understand in what context I am going to do this.
Lets say if you travel closer and closer to the speed of light relative to a person living in earth orbit the progress of "real" earth time (I hate to use this idea) for the traveller his clock is slowing by relative comparison (relatively speaking the ticks of his clock are lengthening relative to a person on or near earth). If our traveller calculates speed as distance divided by (his) time he will see an open velocity scale with no upper bounds (ignoring physical constraints such as the size of his rocket engine etc.). To him he thinks he can increase his speed without bound and notices the external effect is that he see things moving past him faster and faster. There are other optical effects that I will not discuss just here.
Others interpretations would say that there is a "redline" on his speedo that he can't seem to cross (see the video below). This is not actually what happens because the faster he goes the less time he will experience relative to "stationary" observers (yick!). If he were able to "touch" the speed of light, all time for him would be an unending suspended moment in which, between the ticks of his clock, he could travel to the ends of the Universe. Externally relative to "stationary" (bleh!) clocks the time he would take to do this is exactly the same as if a beam of light did the same. A very long time to travel to the end of the Universe indeed.
In the external world we never see the traveller travel faster than what should be the speed of light (and he never does). Not even light can do that. This is a physical constraint of the system. But our clocks are keeping the "right" time (Ur... sort of I think you get that point) The travellers clock is losing time relative to this “right” time "hand over fist", running slow, but because it is his actual experienced time he interprets this as travelling faster (velocity equals distance divided by "his" time). He could potentially travel across the entire universe in a really short time (his time) and his apparent calculated speed (internally) could be many times the speed of light based on distances previously reckoned before the trip. This is standard theory. All the texts suggest this but they often fail to see all the conclusions of this idea through.
To the normally moving bodies (slow pokes) in space this fellow is travelling close to light speed but cannot exceed it so will take the requisite time to travel those distances according to those external observers clocks. However depending on how much acceleration the traveller has undergone he can reduce the total number of ticks (of his clock) of his journey to as small a count as he likes. All he does is wind up the acceleration and approach "externally" incrementally closer to the speed of light (internally he is putting on warps Star Trek parlance eh, or so he thinks!).
Now to your question. The length contraction will be an effect but that just makes things appear close through optical phenomena such as the stereoscopic effect of distances through parallax. If there was a straight paved footpath to the stars and we were travelling along it... The apparent distances between the equally spaced paving cracks will appear to shorten exactly along the direction of the line of travel. Perpendicular to this line of motion (out the port and starboard portholes) the pavement appears relatively undistorted (though moving fast). In between these extremes with variations in the angular distance away from the direction of travel up to 90 degrees, we see gradations of these effects.(highly warped to not warped at all). In three dimensions (which is what we actually see) this effectively "twists" the pavement along the line of the direction of travel causing it to "bunch up" in the forward direction and apparently "rotate". See this movie for the effect (but please note the dumb speedo – that is the apparent external speed measurement of some one standing on the pavement).Distorted Red Shifted Biker and seeing around corners
As I have pointed out there has been some liberties taken for clarity sake. Right click on the movie and save it to the drive.
These movies come from 1979 the 100th anniversary of Einstein's Birth a BBC Program called Einstein's Universe. Mostly deals with the effects of Gravitation. There are many more short movies here related to the program.Einstein's Universe
They show "some" visual effects due to relativistic speed. Please note that not all effects are shown simultaneously for clarity. This was mentioned in the original full length video. These links and more are explained in another post of mine you can find this in PhysOrgForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums -> Relativity, Quantum Mechanics and New Theories -> Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, New Theories -> SR vs Ether (Good Elf - latest). Some good stuff there.
The exact reverse happens in the backward direction. Combined this with his apparent increase in his speed due to the effect of slowing time relative to an external observer, and Doppler red shifting and a dark point aft and Doppler blue shifting and a white point forward, I say these effects are optical illusions. In actual fact this is due to the light approaches from different directions to normal (the speed of light is still approaches at a velocity relatively of C to all observers and always remains the same).
If it were possible – lets say a beam was chasing the traveller’s ship along the pavement so we can see part of the beam.shine on that pavement. The light does not change speed just because external observers might see the two (light and traveller) at almost the same speed (at or near the speed of light) and converging on a the traveller at a few Kms per second. The traveller measures light’s speed with his clock and he has lost most of the ticks “out of it” so the relative velocity of light will appear faster to him than apparent relative velocity does to the observer on the pavement. The traveller’s clock loses just enough ticks to make light appear to be approaching at the speed of light.
Here is the point... There is no "physical" bunching up or physical distance shortening or rotation in the “real” external world. Anyone standing on the side of the pavement would not personally experience any warping or twisting or mass increase as seen by the traveller as he goes by, and he does see these things. Still I would not like to stand so close. The light is not really curved at all. It is still travelling in straight lines but it is equivalent to optical aberration or refraction and it is an effect for the traveller like being completely immersed in an optically deforming lens. This is not an effect due to physically deformed space (although that is the debatable point). In a similar way I say that mass also appear to have EM "measurables" that indicate increasing mass but this is also an electromagnetic effect of the velocity. Remotely determined mass is subject to "optical" effects since all instrumentation is affected by the “exchange particles” or force carriers in our universe (light photons).
Many would say that it is not an optical effect and it is actually space and time that are deformed by this activity and true mass would also be affected. I do not agree.


You want to learn how to compose this ?
Over the last months I was learning about how to perfectly plan the alignment of sun, moon or milky way to the desired capture object. For me the best resource to learn about and apply it is Photopills. Their iOs and Android app is stunning and their guides and videos are extremely helpful to master a new skill.
The Enlightenment Stupa in Benalmádena apparently is the largest Buddhist stupa in Europe. It is beautifully located at the Costa del Sol in Andalusia. If you are driving on the highway from Málaga to Marbella you can not miss the golden tip which draws your attention.
Now, religious buddhist location perfectly aligned to sun, moon or even the milky way…my imagination and excitement went nuts!
Here are my steps to the capture:
2. Discover sunrise, sunset, moonrise and moonset at the location, to obtain a first idea what you are going for.
3. Analyse the closer environment to synthezise possible capture locations. Photopills as well is a good tool for this. I also consult topographical Garmin maps to get a feeling for the terrain around the suspect.
4. As rising and setting of the sun and the moon varies quite a bit over the year, I figure out at which date and time of the day they are exactly where I want them. Have a look at his video, where the process is perfectly explained.
5. Visit the location to see if your plans were good :-). The Photopills app again is a marvellous tool. Its augmented reality tool will now show you exactly where sun and moon will be at wich time of the year, month, day or minute!! Simply incredible.
6…. to be continued!
As this is a current project of mine, the picture is not finished yet. I hope you surf by again soon, I will update my journey here as I discover new interesting experiences for you.