15/02/2018 · From landing a rover on Moon, to doubling the number of PSLV launches to launching one satellite per month, ISRO has set an ambitious target for itself in 2018. Here is a list of top upcoming projects from ISRO in times to come. Live coverage and the most up-to-date schedule of all upcoming ISRO launches. Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation. Search form. Search.
04/01/2018 · BABY ROCKETS OF ISRO SSLV LAUNCH IN 2019. BABY ROCKETS OF ISRO SSLV LAUNCH IN 2019. Skip navigation Sign in. How SpaceX Lands Rockets with Astonishing Accuracy - Duration: 10:45. SpaceX Vs. Blue Origin Vs. ISRO, Who will dominate the Future. 10/11/2019 · Recently, it was used for the successful launch of Chandrayaan 2 mission. Just like other GSLV rockets, MkIII uses two solid strap-ons, a core liquid booster, and a cryogenic upper stage. In future ISRO is planning to use Reusable Launch Vehicle RLV which will enable low-cost missions.
Some of the future plans of ISRO are: 1 Satellite program: ISRO has planned numerous satellite launch in next few years. There could be around 50 satellites to be launched in coming 3 years, more than the number of currently active satellites of. There are various reasons behind ISRO’s missions being so cheap. ISRO’s budget is much smaller than other big space agencies. ISRO was established and started working in a period when India was very poor. Thus ISRO leaders developed a working styl. 30/05/2015 · The Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO is developing a series of heavy lift launch vehicles HLV capable of lofting satellites up to 10 tonnes into the orbit. Mindful of the need to keep development costs under control, we have adopted a modular approach to the design of the HLV, Vikram. Comprehensive timeline of ISRO's journey through decades. अपडेट/Updates. Dec 12, 2019: Radial Rib Antenna of RISAT-2BR1 deployed successfully. Dec 11, 2019: Press Release - PSLV successfully launches RISAT-2BR1 and nine commercial satellites in its fiftieth flight.I am briefly giving an outline of what space activities of ISRO we may see within next 5–6 years as well as in the coming decade. I will emphasize on the very active and confirmed/officially approved projects. Regular satellite launches: A numbe. 16/08/2019 · When Isro was set up on August 15, 1969, the country didn’t have space infrastructure nor expertise to launch big rockets On the golden jubilee year of Isro, the space agency chief Sivan said, “We are now looking to achieve the second mission: To develop technologies required for future" GSLV. I can just laugh only at the other answers. A Rocket consist of several parts. All the parts are not manufactured by ISRO. While ISRO does manufacture the propellant that goes into the Rocket, Rocket motor cases are fabricated elsewhere, by privat.
01/10/2014 · For future missions, ISRO will have to turn to the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSLV and GSLV Mark III that can lift much heavier spacecraft than the PSLV. After the stunning success of its very first shot at Mars, the Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO. The Unified Launch Vehicle of ISRO. It is a future expendable launch vehicle concept. It is modular in shape, comprising semi-cryogenics as booster, a cryogenics as upper stage and strap-ons of different magnitudes made of solid rockets.
01/04/2019 · An ISRO official said the gallery will be opened to the public ahead of rocket launches and that visitors need to book through the ISRO website.in to gain entry. “Besides accommodating individuals at the park, a museum on rockets is also being planned at the venue,” he said. But ISRO has not come to this level of expertise overnight – it has happened after a lot of achievements. So in this article we’ll take a look on all those records and achievements of ISRO that propelled it to these heights of success. And in the end we’ll also take a look on its future. Earlier, on March 03, 2010, ISRO strapped them onto a Sounding Rocket, ATV-D01, flying it without lighting up, to attain conditions under which the future engine would have to perform. source. ISRO has, so far, shared a couple of design considerations for it's First-stage engine.
The Unified Launch Vehicle ULV is a development project by the Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO whose core objective is to design a modular architecture that could eventually replace the PSLV, GSLV Mk I/II and GSLV Mk III with a single family of launchers. Reusable Launch Vehicle – Technology Demonstrator RLV-TD is one of the most technologically challenging endeavors of ISRO towards developing essential technologies for a fully reusable launch vehicle to enable low cost access to space. As others have pointed out, budget is key. But I feel there is a deeper reason behind this. Actually two things: Developing required technology: A key to developing larger rockets is liquid propulsion i.e. cryogenic and semi-cryogenic rocket eng. 'The future belongs to science' Before ISRO there was the Indian National Committee for Space Research, founded by Nehru. Nehru thought it was important to inculcate a 'scientific temper' in the Indian people. 'The future belongs to science and those who make friends with science,' he said. Photograph:Others. Will ISRO adopt the horizontal payload integration in future along the path for rapid launch cadence and. Archived. Will ISRO adopt the horizontal payload integration in future along the path for rapid launch cadence and. I woukd be happy if some one send me links of ISRO referencing future new rocket design and horizontal integration. 22.
ISRO's repurposed fourth stage rocket will be the first project to experiment with the fourth and final stage in its launch vehicles. The agency also intends to extend this advantage to GSLV rockets in future launches. Find latest and upcoming tech gadgets online on Tech2 Gadgets. Get technology news, gadgets reviews & ratings. 16/08/2019 · ISRO sowing seeds of future technology to help next generation go beyond Earth. In the last 50 years since it was founded, ISRO has come a long way by overcoming technological hurdles and achieving several milestones. From launching sounding rockets carrying a payload of just 30-70kg to 150km altitude from a church-turned-launchpad. List of space launch system designs covers designs and concepts for rockets, launch vehicles, spaceplanes and other vehicles for sending payloads into space. This is a list of plans, concepts, and/or proposals for launch systems such as rockets, spaceplanes and reusable launch vehicles, typically for orbiting the Earth. Targeting to realise 12 Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles PSLV per year from the domestic private sector, Indian space agency ISRO’s commercial arm NewSpace India has issued an Expression of Interest EoI for first manufacturing five of these rockets. According to NewSpace India, the Indian industry consortium will be responsible for end-to.
18/08/2019 · Targeting to realise 12 Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles PSLV per year from the domestic private sector, Indian space agency ISRO’s commercial arm NewSpace India Ltd has issued an Expression of Interest EoI for first manufacturing five of these rockets. In the beginning, ISRO built satellites that were then launched by other countries, like the Soviet Union. Later, ISRO built many types of rockets. Some of those rockets are now decommissioned, meaning ISRO does not use them anymore. In the future, India also wants to send people to space and send more missions to other planets. Legend. This is a list of all Indian wholly or partially owned, wholly or partially designed and/or manufactured satellites and orbital space crafts, both operated by the Indian government ISRO, Indian defence forces, other government agencies or private educational and research entities. ISRO operates one of the most reliable and cost-effective launch platforms in the world. In the near future, we're planning a mission to Venus only three nations have visited the planet,. Here's how India's GSLV Mk III compares with the best rockets in the world.
05/06/2017 · Why today’s ISRO launch is the most important in 23 years Tyagarajan S June 5, 2017 At 5:28pm today June 5, the Indian Space Research Station ISRO will attempt to launch the most powerful rocket it has ever made, the GSLV MKIII Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle from its Sriharikota launch pad in Andhra Pradesh.
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The seven points of light that outline the dipper comprise the brightest stars in the constellation ursa major or great bear, the third largest constellation in the sky. Hook your students the big dipper is one of the easiest constellations to find in the night sky. Another 93 stars can be located in the area of the constellation and are named after it, but that number increases constantly as our telescopes get better and more stars are discovered. Because of this, polaris was the most important star for. The big dipper and ursa major since the big dipper is part of the constellation ursa major the great bear, it is technically not a constellation. Constellation activities for kids how wee learnthese constellation activities are out of this world.
A constellation is a grouping of stars that represents one of the 88 divisions of the celestial sphere as defined by the international astronomical union. Today, im sharing lots of resources for a star and constellation unit. Aug 31, 2019 if they are, chances are youll be able to spot the big dipper. Heres your constellation astronomy essentials earthsky. A really dark sky can double the length compared to a typical observing. Brush up on your knowledge of the oversized outer space scooper with five out of this world facts. Casual stargazers are familiar with many classical figures and asterisms composed of bright stars e. Book xviii of homers iliad mentions it as the bear, which men also call the wain. In this case, the big dipper is part of a constellation known as ursa major, which is latin for great bear, and which is the third largest constellation. Not all cultures have traditions of bears or saucepans in the sky. Ever since i was a teenager, the big dipper has been a symbol i look for most nights. Apr 30, 2015 for a long time, people have seen pictures among the stars just like connect the dots. Knowledge of the sun, moon, and stars, and their associated mythology, was passed from generation to generation but few conclusive records of prehistoric observations survive.
In the spring the big dipper rises higher in the northeast part of the sky, but in the autumn it falls lower in the northwestern sky and may even be hard to spot from the southern part of the united states before it sinks below the horizon. The items are from the anasazi culture and are at least 800 years old. The coffin is formed by the four stars of the dipper s cup. The big dipper constellation is one of the most popular constellations known to mankind. An imaginary line drawn between the pointer stars in the big dipper the two outer stars in the dippers bowl points in one direction toward polaris. The mythology behind the constellation of the big dipper is as obscure as with other mythological stories that are connected to the cosmos. The asterism is often confused for the whole constellation, much like the big dipper is sometimes confused for ursa major, the great bear, but it is only the brightest part of the constellation. Constellation a group of stars in the night sky forming patterns that look like animals, objects, or characters.
An astronomer studies the sky and everything in it. However, t enjoyed listening to every reading and asked several times for me to sing the song. The big dipper us, canada or the plough uk, ireland is a large asterism consisting of seven bright stars of the constellation ursa major. The starry sky serves as a calendar and a story book, as is beautifully. Big dipper part of the constellation ursa major big bear, made up of this constellations seven brightest stars. There are five constellations in the general area of the north star that make up a group. Polaris alpha ursae minoris, at the end of the little dippers handle, marks roughly. Childrens fiction childrens general story books natural history books for. Cosmos brightest planet ursa minor big dipper lake signs space planets andromeda galaxy day book new tricks. Having found the big dipper and the north star you should be able to make out the other stars that make up the little dipper. The present alaskan state flag depicts the seven stars of the big dipper, along with the north star on a blue background. Many constellations are derived from old traditional asterisms, which are star patterns within a constellation.
It is recognized as a distinct grouping in many cultures. Check out these great constellation activities for kids for fun ways to explore space at home or in the classroom. The big dipper is one of the first star formations many children learn to recognize when gazing up at the vast night sky. C2019 y4 atlas is racing toward the sun and possibly a place in the history books.
To the germans, this constellation was a grosse wagen big. Without doubt, arctures was one of the first stars to be named. The little dipper is not a constellation itself, but an asterism, which is a distinctive group of stars. Small patterns of stars within a constellation are called asterisms. One test of the book of enoch and for the thesis of this article is that the book claims that the constellations, or signs, were shown to enoch and this article proposes that they tell the story of the gospel throughout history. His constellation can be found facing a bull or chasing the pleiades sisters in the sky. Find highquality big dipper constellation stock photos and editorial news pictures from getty images. Part of the constellation ursa major big bear, made. Dubhe is the brightest star in ursa major, with a magnitude of 1. The which we call the big dipper has variously been the plow, the sickle, the cart, the great bear hence the constellation of ursa major, which is the big dipper plus some other stars and, in. Although the big dipper is visible all year in northern latitudes its position in the sky changes think spring up and fall down.
The big dipper is often confused for the constellation ursa major itself and its name used synonymously with the great bear. The big dipper is not a constellation today i found out. The origins of the earliest constellations likely go back to prehistory. Another famous asterism is the big dipper in the constellation ursa major. The dipper consists of seven stars, with three forming the handle of the dipper and the other four composing the bowl. The three stars here are following the north star seeking vegeance, for it is that star that killed their father. If they are, chances are youll be able to spot the big dipper. To the germans, this constellation was a grosse wagen big wagon.
Watercolor constellations space art project school time. The big dipper is one of the easiest constellations to recognize and this letsreadandfindout science book will help young stargazers find it, and its. The big dipper asterism is composed of the seven brightest stars in the constellation ursa major, the greater bear. The loon is one of the ojibwe clans and is seen as a very important messenger. Kids book read aloud the big dipper by franklyn branley. Secrets of the animal world revealed american museum of natural history by dk publishing, katie parsons, et al. However, the big dipper is not itself a constellation, but only the most visible part of ursa major, the third largest of all 88 constellations. The two photos were taken by myself courtesy of the canyons of the ancients visitor center and museum, dolores, colorado. And a star and constellation unit is perfect for summer although great at any time of year. Its what is called an asterism, which is the name given to interesting star patterns that are easily recognizable, but not one of the official constellations. This figure is synonymous with the big dipper in its location in the sky.
First find the famous big dipper, which is part of the constellation ursa major and visible all year in the northern hemisphere, draw an imaginary line through the outer two stars of the big dippers bowl and you will come to polaris, which is the brightest star in the constellation of ursa minor. Explains basic facts about the big dipper, including which stars make up the constellation, how its position changes in the sky, and how it points to the north star. The big dipper by dr franklyn m branley, 978006445, available at book. Little dipper is a prominent asterism in the northern sky, formed by the brightest stars of ursa minor constellation. The story of the milky way by joseph bruchac ages 69. After listening to a version of follow the drinking gourd on youtube, i had it in my head all. A constellation is an officially recognized group of stars as defined by the international astronomical union. The big dipper is a clipped version of the constellation ursa major the big bear, the big dipper stars outlining the bears tail and hindquarters. This article was most recently revised and updated by erik gregersen, senior. Alkaid, mizar and alioth mark the big dippers handle, and megrez, phecda, dubhe and merak outline the bowl. Maang loon little dipper ursa minor the north star and other stars in the little dipper ursa minor make up the ojibwe loon constellation. Constellation sources notes the book of enoch declares that an angel revealed to enoch how to draw.
May 12, 2017 the big dipper is an asterism in the constellation ursa major the great bear. Constellations were part of the historical record in mesopotamian culture around 4000 b. The big dipper is actually an asterism, not a constellation, because it is only part of the constellation ursa major the big bear. The big dipper is one of the easiest constellations to recognize and this letsreadandfindout science book will help young stargazers find it, and its companion, the little dipper. What a beginning to a mystery of science and history my son is beginning to. The big dipper is a clipped version of the constellation ursa major the. The most famous star in ursa minor is polaris, the north star. The lyrics of folk song follow the drinking gourd served as guide to help them find their way north and its chorus reminded them to always follow the drinking gourd, or big dipper. Constellations are easily recognizable patterns that help people orient themselves using the night sky.
The big dipper by franklyn mansfield branley goodreads. Stuff you should know about the big dipper constellation. Montessoriinspired constellation activities and a variety of free star and constellation printables, including our new montessoriinspired constellation pack pack subscriber freebie. Free star and constellation printables and montessori.
Orion is one of the most recognizable constellations, mainly due to its location. They host a store that has hundreds of books on the history, construction, manipulation. Constellations are groupings of stars that form easily recognized and remembered patterns, such as orion and the big dipper. Ursa major, or the great bear, is the largest constellation in the sky, and its most recognizable feature is the seven stars that form the asterism known in north america as the big dipper. The 88 constellations of the night sky go astronomy. An example of this is the big dipper, which is inside ursa major, but the big dipper isnt a constellation, it is an asterism or a group of stars that arent designated officially, but are wellknown by a majority of nonastronomers. Stars in other parts of the sky have been found to belong to the same cluster. It all depends on your point of view in most cases, however, the stars that we see that seem to be close to each other actually are quite far apart, some stars are much closer or farther than others as is shown in the example below of ursa major, the big dipper. Every year, the big dipper great bear descends to its lowest point in the sky on november evenings. The big dipper is really an asterism, that is, a star pattern that is not a constellation. The dust tail spreads out from the core in a narrow sailshaped fan, curving away from polaris and up toward the big dipper. The big dipper is one of the easiest constellations to recognize and this. Constellations are groups of stars that form patterns but are part of one or multiple constellations.
They recorded their movements and imagined that the stars made pictures in the sky. Jun 01, 2014 little dipper is a prominent asterism in the northern sky, formed by the brightest stars of ursa minor constellation. Come to know the big and little dippers astronomy essentials. As the story goes, the beautiful callisto was transformed into a bear by the goddess artemis. The largest constellation by area is hydra which is 3. Sailors used the constellations to help them find their way at night. In this episode of crash course kids, sabrina chats about stars, constellations, and how humans have used constellations. The big dipper letsreadandfindout science 1, part of a highly recommended science series, this book does a wonderful job of introducing constellations to the youngest astronomers. About constellations lunar and planetary institute. Learn how the stars move in our sky, the names of the various stars that are part of the big dipper and how to find the north star. The big dipper is simply a fun pattern in the sky that is easy to find, but it is only part of the ursa major constellation which is shaped like a bear. Ojibweconstellationguide ojibwegiizhiganungmasinaaigan. Lesser bear in astronomy, a constellation of the northern sky, at about 15 hours right ascension and 80 north declination, and seven of whose stars outline the little dipper.
This is where the confusion comes from as many people mistakenly refer to the big dipper as a constellation or they call it ursa major forgetting about the other big stars or so that form it. A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of stars forms an imaginary outline or pattern, typically representing an animal, mythological person or creature, or an inanimate object. And once youve begun to learn about the constellations, well, the skys the limit. Its also nice that this book is so focused its not about constellations or astronomy. The big dipper is not a full constellation, but an asterisma smaller recognizable grouping of stars. And on the other side of the little dipper you can see a w shaped constellation that is called cassiopeia the queen of ethiopia. The big dipper was also known as the drinking gourd and slaves trying to make their way to freedom used it as a guidepost to find their way north and escape the bonds of slavery. Mar 25, 2020 the big dipper is really an asterism, that is, a star pattern that is not a constellation. The big dipper is used often to find the north star, making it useful for directions.
The history of constellations many of our modern constellations come from the ancient greeks, but they were not the first to see patterns among the stars. How the night sky constellations got their names space. The big dipper is actually just part of a bigger constellation called ursa major. This months sky map shows the dipper as it appears during march in the late evening, when it seems to be standing upright, precariously balanced. Discovery and names of the big dipper in ancient history. For a long time, people have seen pictures among the stars just like connect the dots. Four define a bowl or body and three define a handle or head. Catch the winter football and other asterisms with mobile astronomy apps. This fascinating narrative recounts the history of astronomy and, with more than 100 fullcolor illustrations, it shows readers how to find the planets and constellations in the night sky.
Constellations are used to split the celestial sphere into different sections that aid in locating objects in the sky, kind of like landmarks on a map. The bible refers to the formation as the seven stars amos 5. The brightest star in the big dipper asterism is alioth, epsilon ursae majoris, which is also the brightest star in the constellation ursa major and the 31st brightest star in the sky. Using the big dipper to find the north star, polaris stars in ursa major. Ursa major constellation facts for kids dk find out.
Because the big dipper is clearly visible at night to the naked eye, it must have been known to mankind for as long as he has lived on earth. Find the constellations and millions of other books are available for amazon kindle. The big dipper is part of the constellation ursa major, a large region of the sky that represents a great bear. The story behind the big dipper was started in 1734 and somebody was out gazing at the stars and saw a weird shape and decided to call it the big dipper because of its weird shape.
A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern or picture like orion the great hunter, leo the lion, or taurus the bull. The big dipper is one of the easiest constellations to recognize and this letsreadandfindout science book will help young. Big dipper constellation stock pictures, royaltyfree photos. This constellation also contains the noted visual double of mizar and alcor, which sit in the middle of the big dipper. They assume that you can find the big dipper and orion in your sleep, that you got polaris down pat. In mythology, orion was known as one of the most handsome men. It was one of the few stars mentioned in the bible, where it is refer red to in the book of job, thus giving it the name jobs star.
So if orions over there, then directly on the other side, you can look for ursa major, or the plow, which is a small part of that, also known as the big dipper. There are 20 main stars that form the constellation with 7 of them forming the big dipper. Surely then, we should find some reference to the constellations in that volume. The big dipper is a clipped version of the constellation ursa major the big bear, the big dipper stars. Ursa majors seven brightest stars form a saucepan shape, popularly known as the big dipper or plow. I wasnt sure how t was going to like this book, as it portrays a dark time in our nations history slavery. In ancient times, people thought that the sun, moon, and stars were gods. In our current evening sky, roughly between the bright star capella and the big dipper s bowl are two examples of modern constellations. A new way to see them, isbn 0395248302 had a different asterism in mind for ursa major, that instead had the bear image of the constellation oriented with alkaid as the tip of the bears nose, and the handle of the big dipper part of the constellation forming the.
In 50,000 years, the big dipper will change shape and face the opposite way. One of the most familiar star shapes in the northern sky, it is a useful navigation tool. So what are other really obvious constellations that people could go out and look for. The history of the human identification of constellations among the stars is explored through the stories of some. Retells the story of ursa major as the transformation of callisto and arcas, discusses the astronomical features of the constellation ursa major, and describes the history of the constellation and its myths in world culture including the role of the big dipper in the underground railroad. In our current evening sky, roughly between the bright star capella and the big dippers bowl are two examples of modern constellations. In other countries, the big dipper is referred to as the plough, the saucepan, the great wagon, and the big bear. Ptolemy wrote about 48 constellations, but more would be found later in history. These stars form a shape that looks like a ladle, or dipper. The shape of the big dipper never varies, but its orientation changes constantly. Learn all about constellations, including someone of the easiest ones to spot, and what some people. The asterism of the big dipper shown in this star map in green lies within the constellation of ursa major. It appears like a ladle in the sky with a long handle and bowllike shape.1355 577 649 407 168 1261 438 1088 1492 1292 847 1161 1043 656 288 1441 1339 996 108 1091 374 549 1168 225 439 685 599 1286 417 1075 620 1247 1229 796


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At the 1997 AIAA JPC conference in Seattle, Ralph Ewig reflected on the many presentations on human space travel. Frustrated with the endless debate, he committed to resolve the question independent of present-day engineering limitations. In 2006 he earned his PhD for identifying the optimum interplanetary spacecraft the laws of physics allow. The goal was set, but the path to reach it remained to be discovered. In 2005, NASA's Project Constellation set out to identify a roadmap for humans to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Under that umbrella, Dr. Ewig developed an incremental approach to expand human activities throughout the solar system. A path was emerging, but as NASA leadership changed the funding evaporated. A fresh approach found its home at OpenAerospace.org, an online collaboration platform for space enthusiasts to design a space architecture leveraging modular design, multi-body orbital mechanics, and in-site resource utilization of water & energy. However, funds were ultimately needed to transform vision into reality.
A year earlier, Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen financed the first commercial human spaceflight project. Under the banner of "SpaceShipOne, Government Zero", it became the starting roar of the commercial space industry. Dr. Ewig joined a consulting startup and gained recognition for cross-fertilization between established and "new space" organizations. Started in 2002, SpaceX further fueled the emerging industry, demonstrating commercial funding for colonizing Mars via disrupting the space launch market. "Commercial Space" was established as a viable funding platform, but a specific opportunity was still needed to build an architecture reaching beyond Low Earth Orbit. After joining SpaceX in 2010 to work in mission operations during Dragon's first flight to the International Space Station, frustration triggered another insight. The government's TDRSS communications relay used by Dragon was both ripe for disruption and a potential billion dollar ticket. What was needed now, was the business expertise to leverage that opportunity.
Following a stint of experiential learning as a freshly-minted corporate executive, Dr. Ewig entered Stanford's Sloan Program for experienced leaders (MSx) and set out to form a team in "The Startup Garage". The vision of a commercial building block for a sustained human space presence was contagious: "Team #48" rapidly grew to 7 graduate students from Stanford's engineering and business schools. The next step was to determine market fit and value. Leveraging strong industry networks, the team interviewed many spacecraft operators. Driven by the swelling wave of commercial space entrants ranging from startups to industry giants, the team identified a desperate need for space-based commercial spacecraft communications. However, the high capital investment required a substantial revenue potential; could the business scale? In the second quarter of the "Startup Garage" class sequence the team completed the design, capable of generating billions in annual revenue at current market pricing. As designed, Audacy is positioned to become a permanent building block that opens all of Earth-Moon space to commercial operation.


One of the most exciting areas of astrophysical research
today is the
search for and study of planets around other stars. There
are several techniques which utilize the increasing ability
of CCD detectors and spectrometers and a few hundred exoplanets have been discovered so far. I am interested
specifically in the radial velocity and transit techniques.
We will be utilizing the new GCC observatory for our own
studies and are interested in collaborating with other
groups from several universities. Opportunities are
available for undergraduate research in this emerging field.
Ph.D., Astronomy, Univ. of Washington, 9/93
B.S., Astronomy & Physics, Univ. of Arizona, 6/87
post-doc, Univ. of Texas, Austin
post-doc, Univ. of Washington
assistant professor, Iowa State Univ.
Interests and Hobbies:


Collins Gem: Stars
A brand-new edition of this bestselling book, Collins Gem: Stars features individual charts for all 88 constellations, a star atlas of the entire night sky and details of the brightest stars and objects of interest which can be seen with the naked eye, binoculars and small telescopes.
Collins Gem Stars provides details of all 88 constellations of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, complete with star charts and a star atlas of the entire sky, ideal for practical observation of the stars throughout the world all year round.
- Publisher: Collins (1 Mar 2004)
- ISBN: 9780007178582
- Dimensions: 8.26 x 1.91 x 11.43 cm
- 192 pages


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the celestial collection
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keep your jewellery sparkling
our blog is full of tips to help you clean your gold-plated jewellery and keep it look its best!


By: Defined Desk |
September 16, 2020 4:07:04 pm
Lately, scientists have developed a brand new mannequin that may efficiently predict seven of the Solar’s largest flares from the final photo voltaic cycle, out of a set of 9 with the assistance of NASA’s Photo voltaic Dynamics Observatory. (Supply: Twitter/@NASA)
On Tuesday, scientists from NASA and the Nationwide Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) introduced their predictions in regards to the new photo voltaic cycle, referred to as Photo voltaic Cycle 25, which they imagine has begun. Photo voltaic cycles have implications for all times and expertise on Earth in addition to astronauts in house.
What’s a photo voltaic cycle?
Because the Solar’s floor is a really lively house, electrically charged gases on its floor generate areas of highly effective magnetic forces, that are referred to as magnetic fields. Because the gases on the Solar’s floor are always transferring, these magnetic fields can get stretched, twisted and tangled creating movement on the floor, which is known as photo voltaic exercise. Photo voltaic exercise diverse with the levels of the photo voltaic cycle, which lasts on common for a interval of 11 years.
How do scientists monitor photo voltaic exercise?
Scientists monitor a photo voltaic cycle through the use of sunspots, that are the darkish blotches on the Solar which are related to photo voltaic exercise. Sunspots are related because the origins for large explosions comparable to photo voltaic flares that may spew gentle, vitality and photo voltaic materials into house.
What are sunspots?
A Sunspot is an space on the Solar that seems darkish on the floor and is comparatively cooler than the encircling components. These spots, some as giant as 50,000 km in diameter, are the seen markers of the Solar’s magnetic subject, which kinds a blanket that protects the photo voltaic system from dangerous cosmic radiation. When a Sunspot reaches as much as 50,000 km in diameter, it might launch an enormous quantity of vitality that may result in photo voltaic flares.
The start of a photo voltaic cycle is usually characterised by just a few sunspots and is subsequently known as a photo voltaic minimal. On Tuesday, the specialists introduced that the photo voltaic minimal for Photo voltaic Cycle 25 occurred in December 2019. It took time for them to announce this due to the variability of the Solar.
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Scientists predict a photo voltaic most (center of the photo voltaic cycle) will probably be reached by July 2025 and that this photo voltaic cycle will probably be as sturdy because the final photo voltaic cycle, which was a “below-average cycle” however not with out dangers.
Why do scientists monitor photo voltaic exercise?
Scientists monitor photo voltaic exercise as a result of it may possibly have an affect on Earth. For instance, when charged particles from coronal mass ejections (CMEs) attain areas close to the Earth, they’ll set off intense lightning within the skies known as auroras. When CMEs are significantly sturdy, they’ll additionally intervene with the facility grids, which might trigger electrical energy shortages and energy outages. NASA notes that photo voltaic flares and CMEs are essentially the most highly effective explosions in our photo voltaic system.
Additional, photo voltaic flares can have a significant impact on radio communications, International Positioning Techniques (GPS) connectivity, energy grids, and satellites. Final month, spaceweather.com reported observing an enormous Sunspot group, AR2770, which emitted a couple of minor photo voltaic flares
In 1967, a significant photo voltaic flare virtually led to a nuclear warfare in the course of the Chilly Battle, as per an area.com report. In Could that yr, the US Air Pressure’s Ballistic Missile Early Warning System radar websites in Alaska, Greenland and the UK received jammed because of the flare, inflicting US officers to mistakenly maintain the Soviet Union liable for the radar failures. It was solely after scientists on the North American Aerospace Protection Command (NORAD) knowledgeable US leaders of the photo voltaic flare that the matter deescalated.
Lately, scientists have developed a brand new mannequin that may efficiently predict seven of the Solar’s largest flares from the final photo voltaic cycle, out of a set of 9 with the assistance of NASA’s Photo voltaic Dynamics Observatory.
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All Astronautical Evolution posts in 2016:
The Way Forward (May)
Manned Spaceflight Statistics (April)
Back to 2015:
New in 2020:
2021: New space company Planetopolis…
2020: Cruising in Space…
2019: The Doomsday Fallacy, SpaceX successes…
2018: I, Starship, atheism versus religion, the Copernican principle…
2017: Mars, Supercivilisations, METI…
2016: Stragegic goal for manned spaceflight…
2015: The Pluto Controversy, Mars, SETI…
2014: Skylon, the Great Space Debate, exponential growth, the Fermi “paradox”…
2013: Manned spaceflight, sustainability, the Singularity, Voyager 1, philosophy, ET…
2012: Bulgakov vs. Clarke, starships, the Doomsday Argument…
2011: Manned spaceflight, evolution, worldships, battle for the future…
2010: Views on progress, the Great Sociology Dust-Up…
Index to essays – including:
The Great Sociology Debate (2011)
Building Selenopolis (2008)
|Site home||Chronological index||About AE|
Creating a self-sustaining desert civilisation: Aridopolis
Inspiring talk about Mars – but what will the strategy be?
The National Geographic Channel has announced a new TV series dramatising the first manned flight to Mars in 2033. The six-parter is due to be launched this November.
As well as all the usual space action, dramatic music, etc., the trailer offers some inspiring statements:
The very first flight is supposed to lay the groundwork for a permanent human settlement on the Red Planet. In order to manage and operate that and subsequent flights, the film-makers have teamed up two fictional organisations: the International Mars Science Foundation and the commercial Mars Mission Corporation (see sneak preview of a press release on this page – due for official release in May 2033, assuming all goes well…).
The government–commercial partnership is a promising sign. But I am keen to see what their strategy will be. I hope they are not simply assuming that an Apollo-style dash for Mars will lead to anything but disappointment and cancellation?
Building civilisation in the desert
SF author Charlie Stross blogged in 2007:
“Mars is … well, the phrase ‘tourist resort’ springs to mind, and is promptly filed in the same corner as ‘Gobi desert’. As Bruce Sterling has put it: ‘I’ll believe in people settling Mars at about the same time I see people settling the Gobi Desert. The Gobi Desert is about a thousand times as hospitable as Mars and five hundred times cheaper and easier to reach. Nobody ever writes “Gobi Desert Opera” because, well, it’s just kind of plonkingly obvious that there’s no good reason to go there and live. It’s ugly, it’s inhospitable and there’s no way to make it pay. Mars is just the same, really. We just romanticize it because it’s so hard to reach.’ In other words, going there to explore is fine and dandy – our robots are all over it already. But as a desirable residential neighbourhood it has some shortcomings, starting with the slight lack of breathable air and the sub-Antarctic nighttime temperatures and the Mach 0.5 dust storms, and working down from there.”
A good challenge which anyone seeking to settle Mars needs to answer.
And the answer is obvious: it is first to produce a successful desert settlement on Earth using the same approaches as one would need to live on Mars. Let’s call this place Aridopolis – aridity being the chief environmental factor defining a desert, and hinting at its ultimate daughter colony at Areopolis (i.e. on Mars).
Key demonstrations to be carried out at Aridopolis would include:
Where might such a settlement be located? In his book The Millennial Project, Marshall Savage advocated creating such settlements on floating islands on the surfaces of the tropical oceans. This is probably a viable longer-term prospect, and in the long run presumably necessary for full political independence. But in the near term it would be better to start off with at least some solid ground under one’s feet. Here are the 24 largest terrestrial deserts (data from geology.com). Pick your desert and start building your city of the future…
|Rank||Name||Type||Area (sq km)||Location|
|2||Arctic||Polar||13,900,000||Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia|
|5||Gobi||Cold Winter||1,300,000||China, Mongolia|
|8||Kalahari||Subtropical||570,000||South Africa, Botswana, Namibia|
|9||Great Basin||Cold Winter||490,000||United States|
|10||Syrian||Subtropical||490,000||Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia|
|13||Kara-Kum||Cold Winter||350,000||Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan|
|14||Colorado Plateau||Cold Winter||340,000||United States|
|16||Sonoran||Subtropical||310,000||United States, Mexico|
|17||Kyzyl-Kum||Cold Winter||300,000||Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan|
|24||Namib||Cool Coastal||34,000||Angola, Namibia, South Africa|
Now we can begin to talk about “a new hope for humanity”! For if people can live sustainably in the Great Victoria Desert or the Kara-Kum, then they can live equally so, and with equally little dependence upon global supply routes and global pollution sinks, in London or Rio de Janeiro.
In other words, Aridopolis would be the prototype of a kind of self-sufficient city which would be the key to sustainable living both on Earth and off it.
It will be interesting to see whether National Geographic’s new epic will reflect this in any way, or whether they are simply relying on the by now rather tired theme in which sending a few people to live on Mars is supposed to transform the lives of everybody left on Earth without actually making much difference to those lives…
Please send in comments by e-mail.
Interesting and relevant comments will be added to this page.
|Site home||Chronological index||About AE|


If you’ve ever fancied yourself as an armchair astronaut, a couch bound cosmonaut or a sitting room spaceman then turn your telescopes to our new site www.o2galaxy.co.uk. We’ve created a 360 degree scrollable picture of space – off of the Hubble Telescope, don’t you know – for your space exploration pleasure.
As well as being able to boldly go around the galaxy without having to boldly go out the room, the O2 Galaxy is packed with clickable stars, alien transmissions and even a few hidden Samsung Galaxy S5 freebies.
Yes, that’s right – we made the O2 Galaxy to celebrate the launch of Samsung’s new mega mobile the Samsung Galaxy S5 (available now!) and they’re out there among the stars just waiting for you to discover them. Plus, share the game on Twitter or Facebook and you get another chance of netting yourself a Galaxy S5 too.
Best of luck, brave space cadets!


Buzz Aldrin is a well-known astronaut and engineer in the United States. He rose to fame as the second person to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. As one of the pioneering figures in space exploration, his contributions to NASA and the field of astronautics continue to inspire people of all ages. In this post, we will take a look at who Buzz Aldrin is, his age, parents, children, wife and net worth. Keep reading for more.
Buzz Aldrin Biography
Aldrin was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey in 1930 and graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1951. He later earned a Doctor of Science in Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
His career as an astronaut began in 1963 when he was selected as a member of NASA’s third group of astronauts. In 1966, he served as the pilot of the Gemini 12 mission, which was a precursor to the Apollo missions.
In 1969, Aldrin, along with Neil Armstrong and Michael Collins, flew to the Moon aboard the Apollo 11 spacecraft. On July 20, 1969, Aldrin made history by becoming the second human to step onto the lunar surface, following Armstrong.
He also served as the Command Module pilot for the Apollo 12 mission. After 1971, he retired from NASA and the Air Force.
Aldrin is also known for his work in promoting space exploration and education. He has written several books on the subject and has been a strong advocate for a manned mission to Mars.
He is the founder of the ShareSpace Foundation, a nonprofit organization that promotes space education and exploration.
How Old Is Buzz Aldrin?
Buzz Aldrin was born on 20th January 1930 in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, U.S. He is currently 93 years old.
Who Are Buzz Aldrin’s Parents?
Buzz Aldrin was born to Edwin Eugene Aldrin Sr. (father) and Marion Aldrin (mother). His father was an Army aviator during World War I. After leaving the army in 1928, his father became an executive at Standard Oil.
Who Is Buzz Aldrin’s Wife?
Buzz Aldrin has been married 4 times. He was first married to Joan Archer, with whom he had three children: James, Janice, and Andrew. His second marriage was to Beverly Zile, and his third marriage was to Lois Driggs Cannon. He does not have any children from his second or third marriages.
Buzz remarried again on 20th January 2023 to his 63-year-old companion, Anca Faur. He broke the news while celebrating his birthday.
What Is Buzz Aldrin’s Net Worth?
According to celebrity net worth, Buzz Aldrin’s net worth is currently estimated at around $12 million.


Lunar alignments in Mesoamerican architecture
Systematic archaeoastronomical research recently conducted in several regions of Mesoamerica has revealed the existence of architectural orientations corresponding to major and minor extremes of the Moon (also known as standstill positions) on the horizon. Particularly indicative are the results of quantitative analyses of alignment data from the Maya Lowlands, disclosing a prominent group of orientations that can be convincingly related to the major lunar extremes. The astronomically-motivated intentionality of these alignments is additionally supported by contextual evidence, particularly significant being the fact that most of them are concentrated along the northeast coast of the Yucatán peninsula, where the lunar cult is known to have been important. Since the lunar orientations are regularly associated with those corresponding to the solstitial positions of the Sun, it is very likely that particular attention was paid to the full Moon extremes. This contribution also presents some independent evidence that sheds light on the cultural significance of lunar orientations.


Every Tuesday starting 8th October 2019, until 24th March 2020, we are hosting our ‘Astronomy under the Stars’ evenings in the back garden of our local, award winning pub, The Chequers Inn. The Inn is situated just under a mile away at Rookley. Registration is at 6.45 pm, with observing between 7.00 pm and approximately 8pm. Join us to observe the night time wonders. These are public events costing only £3 per adult, or £10 for a family of 4, with children aged 5 and under FREE! These events are WEATHER DEPENDANT, so please check the local forecast to avoid disappointment. Booking is not required – please simply pay John on the night.
Why not have a meal beforehand or afterwards at the Chequers Inn and make an unforgettable evening of it? We can recommend the menu very highly, and judging by the enthusiastic reviews left in our guest book, so can our previous guests.
At Stargazers Cottage we have everything you need to start observing the sky, or to start taking beautiful pictures.
We can provide you with telescopes, mounts, powerpacks and pretty much everything you would need.
You are also welcome to bring your own equipment and set up in our garden. We have mains power dotted around the grounds and a dedicated area complete with an observatory pier that can take a Skywatcher EQ5/6 at the time of writing.
We are always around to offer help and guidance and we love to talk astro!
We also offer personal one to one tuition under the stars on a hourly basis and can also offer lessons on astronomical image processing – please call or email us for more details at the time of your booking
In our visual observatory we have plenty of room for our signature scope, an 8″ achromatic refractor, complete with Moonlight focuser, cooling vents and Telrad finder. This was constructed by myself in late 2018 and, because of its F9 focal ratio, performs superbly on the planets, double stars, globular clusters and brighter deep sky objects.
Beside this we also have a 6″ solarscope, also made by myself in 2015. It uses a Lunt PS60 etalon in its construction, as well as an internal ERF filter. The views of the Sun using this instrument are simply jawdropping when the conditions are optimum!
This set up is all mounted on my Mesu 200 equatorial mount. This has a 100 kg payload capacity and has a friction drive – no backlash here!
The mount can be controlled via our observatory computer, or if you prefer, the basic hand controller. We are always here if you need any advice.
The construction of our substantial twin observatory set up began in March 2018.
The plans were designed by Neil Phillipson, owner of the observatory company Outsidology, and a great personal friend of mine.
We erected the initial main structure within a week. I then went on to finish the observatories, which included the decorations, the installation of the astronomy equipment, the installation of the internet, the furnishings, etc by the autumn.
The timber decking, plus a comfortable seating area to the side of the observatories, completes the professional look.
Our garden mount, available for our guests to use, fitted out with our wide angle set up of William Optics FLT98
Our Garden mount, available for our guests to use, fitted out with our Skylight AR101 F15 refractor
In the background you can also see our log cabin gamesroom which can also used as a warm room whilst imaging and observing.


Solar Explorer Play Panel
The Solar Explorer Play Panel is a really fun moving parts panel, not only does it have t-slot channels to navigate the Explorer discs around the panel, it also has 4x rotating planets that the Explorer discs slide into (visiting the planet) and then rotate the disc around to line up with another destination and visit more planets.
- HDPE panel construction
- T-slot slider channels
- Sliding counters
- Multi-coloured, rotating planets
- Recycled plastic posts also available
Product Information Sheet
PDF available upon request
Product Order Code
Black/White main panel, with multi-coloured, contrasting planets and sliding discs
- PAHS-0016 - 800x595mm Solar Explorer Play Panel
- PAHS-0058 - 1200x800mm Solar Explorer Play Panel
Custom colours, sizes, shapes and designs available to your specification, please contact our office for more details.
IMPORTANT: you must specify the colour option you require at the time of order if it is different from the standard colour listed with the order code (above), otherwise you will receive the standard colour.
Please Note: All customers' requirements are subject to availability at the time of order


One Hundred Aspects of the Moon - Considered his masterwork, Yoshitoshi's series One Hundred Aspects of the Moon features one hundred oban size woodblocks, published between 1885 and 1892. These quiet and reflective prints, beautifully composed and drawn, feature subjects from traditional Japanese and Chinese history and legend, rendered with great sensitivity and emotion. The moon appears in all but a few prints, providing a unifying motif for the series.
Yoshitoshi's innovative designs for the Moon series are often elegantly spare, with simple backgrounds that focus attention on the human figure. He combines the western influences of realism and perspective with qualities from traditional Japanese and Chinese painting, such as the emphasis on calligraphic brushstroke. The figures are carefully drawn with beautiful linework, conveying a real sense of individual character, gesture, and emotion. Special printing techniques such as embossing and burnishing add a sumptuous touch where appropriate, but simple subjects are conveyed in a likewise manner, no less carefully observed.
Prints from the series were released singly or in groups every few months, with the final image completed shortly before Yoshitoshi's death. The series proved tremendously popular, with patrons lining up to purchase the new releases as soon as they became available. Today, One Hundred Aspects of the Moon remains Yoshitoshi's most well-known work, characterized by his artistry, compassion, and sensitivity in portraying the human experience.
Chang E Flees to the Moon - This print depicts the ancient myth of Chang E, the queen of the moon. Having stolen an elixir of life and fleeing into the night sky, she then took reign over the moon. An early explanation of lunar eclipses includes the story that Chang E attempts to swallow the moon; later on, the idea of swallowing the moon alludes to the Daoist metaphor for the unattainable. This is a beautiful print with rich and bright colors, the expressive face of Chang E and the billowing clouds and moon create a sense of movement.
Artist - Yoshitoshi (1839 - 1892)
Image Size - 13" x 8 3/4" + margins as shown
Condition - With excellent color and detail as shown. Backed with paper. Some soiling.


utorak, 15. listopad 2019., 19:35
What expects the planet Earth and the Solar System in the near and long term future? What are the prospects of our galaxy and how will the Universe end? What is the future of mankind? How can we face climate changes, artificial intelligence, globalization, and technological progress? What kind of future do we want for ourselves?
All this and much more will be answered on the invited lecture, and will be a base for further contemplation and discussion.


I decided to learn more about it. Did you know that most astronomers believe the Big Bang Theory explains it? The theory is that everything that made up space was in a little ball called a singularity? Well, nobody knows why but the theory is that singularity exploded. It sent time and matter everywhere. That is the theory of how the universe started.
It was extremely hot- about ten thousand million, million degrees! After it cooled down,the planets,stars,and galaxies started to form. It is still expanding to this day. An example of this concept is found in baking. As you bake raisin bread, it is cooking the raisins. They start to spread out in all different directions. Think of the raisins as the stars and galaxies expanding after the singularity exploded. The evidence shows that it actually exploded 13.7 billion years ago!
The Big Bang was not always wildly accepted. It was first introduced by a Belgian priest and astronomer named Georges Lamaitre. Later,an American astronamer named Edwin Hubble got more proof that the big bang happened and not only did the stars and galaxies expand, but all matter has taken the same amount of time to get to where it is today, starting from a single point. Over time, people have found more proof that the Big Bang really did occur. In fact, one telescope was able to see so far that it found leftovers of the radiation that made the Big Bang.


CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield has handed over command of the International Space Station has he prepares to return to Earth.
He wrapped up a five-month visit to the giant laboratory, saying it’s time to turn over the reins to Pavel Vinogradov, a Russian cosmonaut.
Hadfield, the first Canadian to command the station, says he’s achieved the goals he set out for himself before making the journey in late December and is leaving both ship and crew “in good shape.
He tweeted this morning that it’s “time to rev up the Soyuz” for the trip home.
WATCH: Canada’s Chris Hadfield hands over command of the ISS
Plans call for Hadfield and two other crewmembers to leave the station Monday just after 7 p.m. E-T aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
They’re due to land in Kazakhstan about three and-a-half hours later.
A helicopter will take them…
View original post 57 more words


For Dreamers Who Dream BigLaura Ann Miller
This post is dedicated to the big dream dreamers–
For the men and women who looked up at the sky, beyond the clouds and beyond the stars, and imagined it was possible to live in the heavens.
This month, December 2013, marked the 15th anniversary of the International Space Station.
Today’s book is perfect for such a celebration.
A Book of Satellites For You by Franklyn M. Branley | Illustrated by Leonard Kessler
Copyright 1958 | A 1962 edition of the Weekly Reader Children’s Book Club
The cover on this book is in delicate condition, but what’s on the inside is pretty great.
A Book of Satellites For You shares the launch of the first four satellites to orbit the earth, Sputnik I, Sputnik II, Explorer I, and Vanguard I.
My kids and I love the illustration of the little dog inside the top of Sputnik II. Laika the dog was the first space traveler. Just imagine! She was launched into space on Sputnik II, but died a few days later. Poor puppy.
The launch of Explorer I, January 31, 1958, was the first satellite launched by the U.S.
“We do not know how long Explorer I will stay up. But we expect it to circle the earth for three or four years because it is so far away. The farther a satellite is from the earth, the longer it stays up.”
This is why I find this book truly amazing. A Book of Satellites For You was published in 1958. One year after Sputnik I was launched and the same year the U.S. began to launch their very first satellites. It was all brand new and truly awe-inspiring. What guessing and dreaming!
From the history of Explorer I from NASA:
“Explorer 1 made its final transmission on May 23, 1958. It entered Earth’s atmosphere and burned up on March 31, 1970, after more than 58,000 orbits.”
Amazing! Instead of three or four years, Explorer I stayed in outer space for almost 12 years.
My favorite part of the book is the prediction of men and women in space travel. Isn’t it amazing that this travel was dreamed up and accomplished? Wouldn’t it be grand if we could all travel to space?
“A few years from now satellites will have men inside them. Then satellites will look quite different… Satellites of the future will take off from a space station circling the earth.
Men who live in space stations will put together other satellites… Men will continue to use satellites to study outer space. There are many worlds to be explored.”
Illustrations from 1958 on what the space stations may look like.
The International Space Station became a reality 40 years later in 1998. The first crew began living aboard the ISS on November 2, 2000.
Views from the ISS -The images in this video gave me goosebumps.
Our world is a beautiful place.


When: Tue., March 6, 7-9 p.m. 2018
Join us for an end of winter open house at Protohaven! Come meet our members and directors, experience equipment and project demonstrations, and find out more about our upcoming equipment and space expansion program. We will be running a membership drive during the event. The first 25 people who sign up will receive a made-at-Protohaven gift. We will have light refreshment at the event. Everyone is welcome, minors must be accompanied by an adult.


All My Stars Yellow Gold StudUnder the Rose 8292
For your shooting star…
Part of our best-selling You are My Sun, My Moon and All of My Stars Collection, these enchanting Yellow Gold Star Earrings will elevate any look. Handmade and beautifully presented in one of our signature gift boxes, it features a stunning star shaped charm engraved with dazzling star detailing.
Inspired by the expression, ‘I love you more than all the stars in the sky’ the All My Stars Silver Earrings is the perfect mother/daughter gift, and a popular gift choice for friends. Also available with coordinating matching bracelet or necklace, for a stunning jewellery set with star quality.
Sterling Silver Plated in 24ct Yellow Gold
Star Stud H11 x W12 x 1.5m
Product ID: 8292


Yesterday night was just beautiful. Did you see the moon? Funny story:
My brother and I were driving home from college at night and to our right we saw a bright light coming out from the mountains. (Yes, Arizona has mountains, but I believe the apt term is dirt hills) It looked like an orange torch, so pretty, and this is what he said:
It looks like an atomic bomb. (He said ever so gravely.)
He really thought it was a mushroom cloud. He got legitimately scared, which put me on edge, and it was just an awful time. I told him it was the moon but he didn't believe me. Crazy kid! But yeah, that was our stupid act of the day.
But lately I have been obsessed with the stars! I guess the whole horoscope change really got me into it. But the constellations in the winter are beautiful. Tonight, make an effort to look outside at the stars! Even with streetlights, it's pretty magnificent. I especially love that the cosmic prints are trending now.
What makes this trend so popular? I think it's our inner nerddom. These images exist in our lives, and that's kind of amazing. AND who wouldn't want the Polaris and Orion's Belt on your legs?! Science- get excited people!
Pictures are: one two three and four five


The moon before the shadow of the earth is covering part of it. Photo 1: 19h 36 min (GMT+2); Iso 100, f 22, 1/250 s., 340 mm.
The sky is covered with smoke of fireworks. You can see shadow of the earth under the moon. Photo 2: 21h 44 min (GMT+2); Iso 100, f 9 1/320 s., 340 mm
Happy New Year 2010! Photo 3: 23h 57 min (GMT+2); Iso 100, f 20, 2,5 s., 70 mm
sunnuntai 10. tammikuuta 2010
The banner of this page is made of a moon photo on 31.12.2009. The full moon was partly covered by shadow of earth. Last time situation was same 1990. Look more photos of Finland and the moon on New Year's eve.


Discover Northern Lights Facts and myths on one of our unforgettable Aurora breaks and put your knowledge to the test as you go in search for the breathtaking natural phenomenon. Search for the Lights by land or sea with our range of holidays, and learn the science behind the magic! One of the best ways to learn about Northern Lights Facts is on our Astronomy Voyage which includes on board lectures by renowned experts such as Dr John Mason who has featured on the BBC’s The Sky at Night show. This cruise will take you to some of the most beautiful regions along the rugged Norwegian coast, including the Lofoten Islands, North Cape and ancient Trondheim. Not only this, our range of voyages will take you to areas that are extremely far north like Kirkenes as well as some of Norway's most remote settlements.
Northern Lights Facts
A Fantastic Range
Whether you already know plenty of Northern Lights Facts and would love to catch a glimpse of them as well, or you are just beginning to delve into the mysteries surrounding the Aurora, you are sure to be inspired by our range of holidays. From relaxing cruises along Norway’s coast and impressive tours around the fascinating island of Iceland to thrilling adventure breaks in Finnish Lapland, we have a variety of holidays that give you the chance to look for the breathtaking Northern Lights. Why not make your discovery of the Northern Lights Facts something really special by choosing a break to one of our ice and snow hotels? There's no better way to witness the Aurora than from one of these incredible structures.
Speak to Us Today
If you are thinking of booking a holiday but would like more Northern Lights Facts before doing so, such as when they are most likely to appear and where you'll have the best chance of seeing them, speak to one of our friendly travel advisers. Our team are happy to answer any questions you might have about the Aurora to help get your adventure underway.


Better start preparing. According to information gathered from the Hubble telescope, NASA has calculated that the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are heading toward each other slowly but surely, and will crash in a direct hit.
Of course, that’s 4 billion years from now, and we might all look like flying toads or something by then.
Even then, the two galaxies are so vast that it’s unlikely the sun or the Earth will be impacted, but we’ll have a much better view at night. Whew! I was worried there for a minute.
Here’s the full article.


Summer solstice 2022: Early sunrise, late sunset. On the off chance that you’ve been partaking in these enchantingly lengthy, brilliant days, Tuesday is a day to enjoy. June 21 is the late spring solstice, the longest day and most brief evening of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
The 2022 summer solstice shows up at 5:14 a.m. Eastern time. At this exact second the sun shows up straight over the Tropic of Cancer — as far north as it shows up overhead throughout the year. Around the solstice, the sun’s toward the north development overhead seems to stop momentarily prior to switching bearing for the following a half year.
The sun follows its longest and most noteworthy way through the sky, and you can notice dawn and nightfall at its northernmost focuses along the skyline.
What causes the late spring solstice?
Solstices, equinoxes and seasons happen on the grounds that the Earth doesn’t circle the sun totally upstanding. All things considered, Earth’s pivot is shifted by around 23.5 degrees, which makes every half of the globe get various measures of daylight consistently.
“The Earth’s hub generally focuses a similar bearing, so as the planet advances around the sun, every side of the equator sees fluctuating measures of daylight,” Capital Weather Gang’s Jeremy Deaton made sense of in a 2019 article.
In June, the Northern Hemisphere is leaned toward the sun, bringing us more straightforward daylight and hotter temperatures. In the mean time, in the Southern Hemisphere, June 21 denotes the primary day of winter and the briefest day of the year.
How much sunshine do we see on the solstice?
Light hours on the mid year solstice rely upon scope: The nearer you push northward, the additional time the sun spends over the skyline. The sun is awake for 16 hours in Seattle, yet just 13 hours and 45 minutes
For what reason do we commend the solstice?
People over the entire course of time have commended the solstices with customs, for example, huge fires and stylized moves to stamp the section of the seasons. A few old societies, for example, the Maya or the Aztecs, even fabricated exceptional landmarks to stamp the sun’s changing way overhead.
Stonehenge, which was constructed over quite a while back in current England, is maybe the most popular of these ancient tourist spots. A few history specialists think the enormous circle of unsupported stones was once a sun oriented schedule used to follow the seasons. That is on the grounds that on the late spring solstice, the rising sun adjusts impeccably with the construction’s Heel Stone, situated external the design’s fundamental circle.
Today, thousands accumulate at Stonehenge every year to commend the solstices and equinoxes and the changing of the seasons.
When does summer really start?
Many individuals think about the mid year solstice as the principal day of summer, yet there is no authority definition for the beginning and end dates of the time. Meteorologists and climatologists characterize summer as the hottest three months of the year, from June 1 to Aug. 31.
Summerlike heat frequently shows up before the solstice, as we’ve previously seen over a huge piece of the Lower 48 and portions of Europe this month. In any case, the most sizzling day of the year regularly doesn’t show up until the final part of July for a significant part of the United States, as per the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
This occasional slack happens in light of the fact that how much sun oriented energy showing up at the ground is more noteworthy than the sum leaving the Earth for quite some time after the solstice. It’s generally determined by the seas, which take more time than land to heat up and chill off, and discharge heat gradually over the long run.
In any case, despite the fact that the hottest times of the year of summer are still upon us, the solstice flags a defining moment toward more limited days and longer evenings throughout the next few months.
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Experts in the Field of Astronomy
Sibbernsen, lecturer of astronomy at UNL, formerly served as space and technology coordinator at the Strategic Air & Space Museum near Ashland and was the outreach coordinator for the NASA Nebraska Space Grant office in Omaha. He has traveled throughout Nebraska performing hundreds of high-energy, hands-on science demonstrations for students of all ages. He has appeared on national television and was a regular fixture as "the science guy" on the Morning Blend, a TV talk show in Omaha. From 2011 to 2014, he was a lead instructor for Nebraska BLAST!, a NASA-funded program that trains teachers about robotics, rocketry, aviation and space science. His section, "Cosmic Connections," focused on astronomy and space science. Sibbernsen runs the NASA Nebraska High Altitude Ballooning Program, launching scientific payloads into space, and he is the CEO for the public Branched Oak Observatory northwest of Lincoln.


My company, Abator has entered it’s GetDiversityCertified.com (“GDC”) product in the Mission Main Street Grants competition being sponsored by Chase and Google. We are getting the word out that we need some assistance to gain final consideration in the competition – a minimum of 250 votes for our tool by or before the deadline for voting which is November 19th, 2013. Would you be willing to cast your vote on our behalf? It will only take a few seconds of your time. To vote for Abator/GDC, please:
1) Open the www.abator.com main page
2) Look for the Mission Main Street Grants logo in the upper right hand corner of your computer of mobile device screen.
3) Click on the button or the Chase Logo.
4) You will be redirected to the competition’s listing of Abator/GDC
5) Click on the Vote Now button.
Please note that the competition does have a tie into Facebook. In order to vote, you will need a Facebook presence.
For more information about the Mission Main Street Grants program, please visit https://www.missionmainstreetgrants.com/#.
Thanks for your time & consideration on this matter. We appreciate your vote!
Have a nice day!
The Northern Cygnus Nebula is an H II region associated with the North America Nebula in the constellation Cygnus. The gaseous contortions of this emission nebula bear a resemblance to a pelican, giving rise to its name. The Pelican Nebula is located nearby first magnitude star Deneb, and is divided from its more prominent neighbour, the North America Nebula, by a molecular cloud filled with dark dust.
Part Of the Northern Cygnus Nebula by claudio stillo
(Source: EarthDaily, via msdanvers)


This a fun and interactive workshop to share our cutting edge research findings on star formation undertaken at the University of Leeds. Using 3D holograms we tell the story of star formation, with students able to watch a cluster form and evolve over millions of years before their very eyes, in a matter of minutes. Students also make their own smart phone-sized hologram projector which can be used in conjunction with our App to evolve clusters at home.
The aims of this workshop are to teach young people and members of the public about astronomy, in particular star formation, and to promote the awareness and disseminate the importance of research and collaboration in the field.
To book this one-hour workshop in your school, please get in touch firstname.lastname@example.org.
This workshop is funded by the Science & Technology Facilities Public Engagement Spark Award and led by Dr Anne Buckner and Professor Stuart Lumsden. To learn more about star formation, please visit our Astrophysics at Leeds web pages.
What astrophysics research is done at Leeds?
How interstellar molecular clouds collapse and form new stars is a key question in astrophysics. At the University of Leeds, we are particularly interested in the birth of the most massive stars. These play an important role in the evolution of galaxies by injecting large amounts of enriched material and energy back into the interstellar medium and powering spectacular phenomena such as H II regions, stellar winds and supernovae.
Why study star formation?
Individually these clusters of stars act as laboratories, demonstrating how stellar systems comprised of various masses work and interact as member stars share similar properties. Collectively clusters provide insight into the chemical and structural evolution of the Galaxy. In this way, Star Clusters are arguably one of the most fundamentally important astronomical objects, being tracers of both stellar and Galactic evolution.
How do you research star formation?
We use observational techniques to see how stars form using a variety of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum including optical, infrared and millimetre through to the radio waves. The telescopes we use are able to form very detailed images of stars that are a very long way away. These images are so small that we work with Theoretical Physicists to build models about star formation, using computer programs and simulations to learn more about how these stars form.
Why do you use 3D holograms?
Astronomical topics are intrinsically abstract and typically only 2D telescope images are available as visual aids to explain complex 3D ideas. Consequently, it can be very difficult for students to grasp a good understanding of these objects. For example, Star Clusters are the building blocks of the Galaxy, with the majority of stars being formed within them.
For this reason we created an innovative schools workshop program which not only projects astronomical objects as giant 3D holograms, but allows the participants to watch astrophysical processes happen right in front of their eyes. However as these clusters are huge, very distant, 3D collections of stars, they are quite hard for students to wrap their heads around!
What is the format of the workshop?
Each workshop fits into a 45 to 60 minute science lessons. If you lessons are slightly shorter or longer, please let us know beforehand so the workshops can be altered.


Title: Champagne Supernova in the Sky. Av. do Infante Dom Henrique. Macau.
A supernova is a powerful and luminous stellar explosion. This transient, astronomical event, occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star. The original object, called a ‘progenitor’, either collapses into a neutron star or is completely destroyed.
A nova is a bright star. A supernova is a very bright star. The ‘bosses’ of Puntopia, view their patrons as progenitors and classify them as stars. A file is kept on each and everyone, logged in and out via facial recognition and other biometric means, the punters are classified according to their star power on and off the tables and their brightness.
1. Star Power off the tables: ie. are they a celebrity, cryptocurrency billionaire for example. VIPsTARS rank at the top.
2. Star Power on the Tables: refers to how good are they at their chosen gambling vice. Roulette or Blackjack for example. They are graded as Poor/Average/Excellent. VIPcUNTS rank at the top.
3. Brightness. This has nothing to do with their inner or outer glow. For most punters in Puntopia, are dull and dour creatures, with complexions due to lack of sunlight, that resemble dry bread. No brightness here refers to their ‘mental capacity’. And are graded as Really Stupid/Less Stupid/Stupid. VIPdICKS rank at the top.
The Bottom line is this: A supernova is the cataclysmic explosion of a star at the end of its life. Like stargazers that watch out for signs of this imminent galactic crash and burn, Puntopia’s top brass are patiently waiting for their stars to burn out on a heady mix of greed, stupidity, licentiousness and alcohol, like some great champagne supernova in the sky.
to see more of this series and peruse the fine art giclee prints, please visit the artists website at;
Written by Richard Mark Dobson / The RMD Gallery
The Existential Artist. “There is light and darkness, all and nothingness”


- NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope captures stunning images of Herbig-Haro 211’s star birth.
- Insights into the youth of a binary star system, similar to our sun’s early days.
- How the JWST’s infrared vision revolutionizes stellar astronomy.
- Discover the intriguing differences in stellar ejections between young and old stars.
- Herbig-Haro 211’s place in the ever-evolving cosmos.
In the vast cosmic theater, it becomes evident that some of the most potent celestial phenomena spring forth from the youngest denizens of the universe.
The freshest cosmic spectacle, unveiled by NASA’s formidable James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), showcases torrents of stellar material erupting from the celestial poles of an exceedingly juvenile star, hurtling through the cosmos at supersonic velocities.
These vibrant jets collectively christened Herbig-Haro 211 (HH 211), inhabit a dynamic niche in the cosmos, nestled approximately 1,000 light-years distant from Earth, within the bounds of the Perseus constellation. Within this realm, a protostar voraciously accretes the surrounding nebular matter and particles to augment its mass.
Simultaneously, it emits a continuous stream of matter into the void of space, a phenomenon astronomers term a bipolar outflow. Remarkably, the JWST’s discerning infrared vision has seized these events, portraying them as vivid and resplendent swirls against the backdrop of interstellar space.
The central protostar, concealed from Webb’s gaze, is postulated to exist as a binary star system, offering a glimpse into the past of our own sun when it was but a few tens of millennia old, containing a mere 8% of its present-day mass.
In an announcement released on Thursday (September 14), JWST representatives conveyed the expectation that this burgeoning star will eventually metamorphose into a solar entity akin to our own.
One of the most recent and nearby examples of a newborn star ejecting its material into space, HH 211 serves as a witness to the formation of stars.
It becomes a prime candidate for the JWST’s examination since this instrument pushes the limits of infrared observation.
By allowing astronomers to see through the veiled layers of gas and dust that cover newborn stars, this capacity revolutionizes the study of stellar astronomy by providing information on their chemical makeups and behavioral tendencies.
Scrutinizing the data derived from HH 211, acquired through the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) tool aboard the JWST, researchers have gleaned a revelation: the emanations from youthful stars exhibit a more subdued pace and a higher abundance of compounds like carbon monoxide, silicon monoxide, and molecular hydrogen when juxtaposed with the swifter ejections from their elder counterparts.
According to a recent study detailing the JWST’s observations of HH 211, this phenomenon predominantly arises from the nascent star’s insufficiently potent shock waves, which have not yet achieved the capacity to disintegrate the molecular structure of the ejected jets into individual atoms.
HH 211 finds its place within a cohort of celestial objects recognized for their rapid evolutionary trajectories.
In this dynamic realm, gaseous eddies materialize, only to dissipate within the span of a few terrestrial years, only to be replaced by fresh ones that spontaneously manifest within ostensibly barren pockets of the cosmos.


This shot is far from my favourite aurora shot to glance at but...... this was such a special moment. I had checked the aurora forecasts all week before I went up to Scotland and I was pretty confident that we wasn't going to get to see them. I got this alert through when I was up in Skye so we drove up to the Storr car park got out the car and just WOW! There were a few minutes where she was rippling and dancing so bright! I had no time time to set up for a decent composition but to be honest I was more than happy to just enjoy the show!


WHAT ARE FUTURE SPACE TOURISM ESSENTIAL FACILITIES ? How to design space hotels to let them to live in comfortable space environment and eat the best taste and fresh food quality when the cookers need to cook in the space hotel in the space environment? How to design space swimming pools to let them to swim in safe space environment? How to design space sport centers to let them to run more easily in one space sport warm and safe environment? How to design one space garden to let them to see different species of Earth flowers, or plants? How to design one space farming land to let them to see different species of Earth fruits, vegetables, tomatoes, potatoes etc. fresh foods growth in warm and safe space farming land environment? How to design one space cinema to let them to watch movies in one safe and warm space cinema environment? All these facilities will be any one of future space trip’s’ important and attractive space trip leisure facilities to influence every space traveler to choose to buy the space tourism leisure company’s space trip leisure service. Instead of these space building entertainment facilities, they also need to concern how the space vehicle entertainment tools are provided the entertainment service to satisfy their needs. When the space travelers can sit on the space vehicles to move on any planets’ lands, such as Moon. A number of space vehicle options exist in the market, mainly differing based on the seat capacity as well as the in-flight experience level offered. The typical space vehicle solution is a small, relatively light weight spacecraft taking between 2 to 10 passengers. The number of passengers depends on the service level, amenities and extra offered. The trip typically lasts about 10 hours and of which about 4 hours are spent in space. The main attraction is the weightless time after in space. The main attraction is the weightless time after re-entry has started. It is a rather low-G technology and therefore the medical requirements for participants are nor very high.Consequently, the space vehicles, space leisure building facilities, the space trip reasonable price ticket level, every safe space trip journey arrangement, clean and fresh and good taste space food arrangement, space traveler individual real learning experience etc. these factors will be the main influential factors to raise the space tourism leisure company’s competitive effort and the space traveler consumer individual consumption desire to the space tourism leisure company in the future.


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"When John F. Kennedy became president in January 1961, Americans had the perception that the United States was losing the "space race" with the Soviets. President Kennedy understood the need and had the vision of not only matching the Soviets, but surpassing them. On May 25, 1961, he stood before Congress and proclaimed that “this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth.”On September 12, 1962, President Kennedy delivered a speech describing his goals for the nation’s space effort before a crowd of 35,000 people in the football stadium at Rice University in Houston, Texas". Play the speech above by clicking the 'play' triangle.
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About Charles Lindbergh-
He played a role in the advent of the space program
"Lindbergh was a famous proponent of early air travel, but he also helped sow the seeds of the space program through his work with Robert Goddard, the so-called “father of modern rocketry.” Lindbergh first learned about Goddard’s experiments with liquid-fueled rockets in late-1929, and the two soon struck up a lifelong friendship. Convinced that Goddard’s work might one day facilitate a trip to the moon, Lindbergh became the physicist’s greatest champion and even persuaded philanthropist Daniel Guggenheim to give him $100,000 in funding. Goddard’s breakthroughs would later prove invaluable in the development of early missiles and space travel. When Apollo 8 became the first manned space mission to orbit the moon in 1968, Lindbergh sent the astronauts a message saying, “You have turned into reality the dream of Robert Goddard.” More here...
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