Space weather predictions
Particle flux from the Sun interacts with the Earth's magnetic field and causes short term variations of it. These variations cause the Aurora.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States (NOAA) operates several satellites that monitor the Sun and particle fluxes heading for Earth. These include satellites that observe both the front and back side of the Sun in visible light and various wavelengths of light outside the visible spectrum. The satellites also include sensors for particle fluxes from the Sun. This data is combined with numerical simulations to predict particle fluxes to Earth.
The aurora forecasts of the Icelandic Meteorological Office are expressed on the Kp-index. The Kp-index is a numerical scale from 0 to 9 which describes 3 hr variations of the Earth's magnetic field. The lowest numbers of the Kp-index are frequent: The Kp-index is 0-4 about 90% of the time and the highest values are very rare, 7-9 only appear about 1% of the time.
Seen from Earth the Sun rotates about its axis in about 27 days, and therefore some disturbances in the solar wind are repeated every 27 days. Changes in the Sun on such timescales may vary this. The particles of the solar wind are mainly protons and electrons travelling from the Sun at speeds of several hundred kilometers per second. At this speed it takes about 1-3 days to reach Earth if the particles are heading our way. Because of this it is usually possible to predict major geomagnetic storms.
Figure 1 shows the Sun earlier today: 1a shows the Sun in visible light, and 1b is a thermal image of extreme ultraviolet light where material in the solar corona needs to be at about 2 million °C to shine at these low wavelengths.
Space weather prediction graphs
Figures 2-4 show space weather prediction graphs with variable range, from a few hours to two weeks. The left part of the graphs shows measured variations of the Earth's magnetic field (blue), while the right part shows the predictions (red). The variations are all shown on the scale of the Kp-index, 0-9 which describes 3 hr variations of the Earth's magnetic field.
Figure 2 shows 1-4 hr space weather predictions. Vertical gray line indicates the time of prediction (now). This forecast shows both 1 hr (red line with dots) and 4 hr (orange line). The shorter forecast is considered more reliable because it is based on measurements of particle flux from the Sun at the ACE-satellite. Previous 1 hr forecasts are also shown (pink). The particle flux hits the satellite about 1 hr before it hits Earth.
Figure 3 shows a three day space weather prediction. A vertical gray line is set at last midnight, the time of the forecast. The left part of the figure shows measurements of Earth's magnetic field variations (blue) and predictions for today and next two days (red). The 1 day forecasts of the previous four days is also shown (pink). The activity is expressed as Kp-index which describes magnetic field variations.
Figure 4 shows the space weather outlook for the next two weeks. The horizontal time-axis shows 22 days where the date is written under middle of each day. The graph shows measurements of the magnetic field variations during the past one week (blue), the 3 day prediction (red) and the two week outlook (orange). Also the 1 day forecasts of the past week are shown (pink).


Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, landed safely back on Earth after a three-day mission on orbit.
Tereshkova was born in central Russia in 1937 to so-called ‘proletarian’ parents, and out of school worked at a textile factory. She developed a passion for skydiving during this period, and this skill brought her to the attention of Sergey Korolyov, the head of the Soviet cosmonaut program. In 1961, Tereshkova was one of five (out of 400) women applicants selected and immediately began a rigorous training regime that included pilot training, spacecraft engineering, weightless simulation, and, Tereshkova’s specialty, parachute jumps. Four of the five candidates graduated from the training in late 1962 and were commissioned in the Soviet Air Force. Tereshkova and two of her fellow female cosmonauts, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Ponomaryova, were immediately selected for a joint Vostok 5-6 mission that would take place in March or April of 1963.
Last-minute changes to the spacecraft and crew makeup meant that a male cosmonaut, Valery Bykovsky launched aboard the Vostok 5 on June 14 while Tereshkova watched from mission control. Two days later, she was strapped into the Vostok 6 and launched into orbit at 9:30 a.m UTC. Despite nausea and physical discomfort for nearly the entire 3-day mission, Tereshkova still managed to conduct her flight duties, data collection, photography, and testing of the spacecraft’s capabilities and systems. (Decades later it was revealed that during the first day on orbit, Tereshkova discovered a potentially deadly flaw in the craft’s control program that would have sent her flying off further into space, rather than returning to Earth when attempting to descend. Engineers on the ground corrected the fault, and provided Tereshkova a patch to get her safely back to the ground.)
Tereshkova’s mission as the first female in space was not duplicated until 19 years later when Svetlana Savitskaya became the second woman to go into orbit aboard the Soyuz T-7.


Many of you know that McHenry County Board member Andrew Gasser writes a blog called, “Tea Party in Space.”
That Gasser has some effect on the national legislative process is evidenced in the following press release from U.S. Senator Ted Cruz:
Space Community Applauds Cruz-Nelson Commercial Space Launch Act
Authorizes ISS through 2024 and supports growth in the commercial space industry
WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) released the following statement regarding S. 1297, the Commercial Space Launch Act of 2015 (CSLA), that he filed with U.S. Sens. Bill Nelson (D-Fla.), Gary Peters (D-Mich.), Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), and Cory Gardner (R-Colo.) that extends the International Space Station (ISS) until 2024 and ensures stability for the continued development and growth of the U.S. commercial space sector, among other initiatives.
“In 1984, President Reagan ushered in a new era of space exploration when he signed the first Commercial Space Launch Act, which recognized the vital role the private sector plays, along with NASA, that will contribute to continued American leadership in space,” said Sen. Cruz. “The 2015 Commercial Space Launch Act builds on that legacy, keeps the ISS operational through 2024, and encourages dynamic growth of the commercial space industry both here in Texas and across the country.”
The U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Space, Science, and Competitiveness introduced the bill yesterday and complete bill text can be found here.
Various leaders within the space industry have voiced their support for Sen. Cruz’s legislation, including the following:
Eric Anderson, Co-Founder, Planetary Resources:
“Planetary Resources fully supports the CSLA bill and the leadership of Sens. Cruz, Nelson, Peters, Rubio and Gardner. We thank the committee and its members in moving quickly to address this critical issue and we look forward to continuing this productive relationship.”
Howard Bloom, Founder and Chair, and John Strickland, Chief Analyst, Space Development Steering Committee:
“…The bottom line is this. The CSLA is crucial to the next stage of American economic growth, to American technological leadership, and to the American psyche. We deeply believe that it is the human mission to garden the solar system and green the galaxy. And that to maintain leadership on Earth, America must lead. America must be the nation that brings space to life by bringing life to space.
“We appreciate any and all support you can give to the achievement of this goal.”
John Conafay, Executive Director, and Andrew Newman, Board Member-at-Large, Students for the Exploration and Development of Space:
“We applaud the steps you’ve taken with this bill to support an innovative and growing industry, and inspire America’s next generation of scientists and engineers.”
Frank DiBello, President and CEO, Space Florida:
“As President of Space Florida, I want to offer my strong thanks to Chairman Cruz and of course our own senators Bill Nelson and Marco Rubio for introducing this thoughtful, measured, and significant legislation updating the Commercial Space Launch Act. I particularly want to thank Sen. Nelson and his staff for their bipartisan support of a five-year extension of the commercial human spaceflight learning period, as well as the formal endorsement of operating the International Space Station through 2024 and for streamlining the protection of public safety at federal launch ranges.”
Jeff Feige, Chairman of the Board, Space Frontier Foundation:
“We are writing to congratulate and thank you for your hard work towards reauthorizing the Commercial Space Launch Act. This piece of legislation has many important provisions that are needed to help advance the United States’ commercial space enterprise.”
Andrew Gasser, President, TEA Party in Space:
“The crushing force of regulation is one thing that surely kills innovation, burdens job creators, and stifles the growth of America.
“Fortunately, the Senate Committee for Commerce, Science, and Transportation will soon markup bipartisan legislation sponsored by Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Nelson, and Sen. Rubio that will remove this threat from commercial spaceflight.
“These senators understand that it’s better for federal agencies to work with industry to use real world data to determine safety, rather than allow the bureaucracy to speculate about what might be safe based on theory and analysis.
“That is why TEA Party in Space strongly supports the reasonable approach of extending the commercial human spaceflight regulatory learning period, and applauds the Senate for advancing this legislation.”
Jeff Greason, Chief Technical Officer and Chairman of the Board, XCOR Aerospace:
“I’m very pleased that with the myriad of issues Congress has to deal with, they recognize that continuing the regulatory approach which has placed the United States firmly in the lead in the development of commercial space transportation is worth their time and attention. I want to thank Sen. Cruz for his leadership on this issue.”
Taber MacCallum, Chief Technology Officer, World View Enterprises:
“World View Enterprises appreciates the collaborative and thoughtful approach taken to work with industry as part of the reauthorization of the Commercial Space Launch Act. Industry input is an important part of the legislative process and we appreciate the opportunity to participate. The bill provides a balanced approach to strengthening America’s competitiveness in commercial spaceflight.
Jeffrey Manber, CEO, NanoRacks:
“I am writing in strong support of U.S. Commercial Space Launch Act, especially its inclusion of a formal extension of ISS operations through 2024. The ISS is not only America’s first beachhead in space, but it has developed into a marketplace with commercial cargo delivery, cutting edge research services, and innovative satellite deployment that is providing US leadership to a growing number of American companies in the critical markets of environmental monitoring and navigation. Thank you again for your bipartisan leadership in introducing this legislation.”
Rob Meyerson, President, Blue Origin:
“Blue Origin supports the Commercial Space Launch Act, which provides a firm foundation from which the U.S. commercial human spaceflight industry can continue to grow. The bill extends key legal provisions, streamlines regulatory requirements, and maintains a focus on safety. While there is still work ahead to ensure we realize the opportunities that will enable safe and successful commercial space activities, this important legislation offers a wide range of improvements on many issues that face this promising industry. We commend Chairman Cruz, Ranking Members Nelson and Peters, and Sens. Rubio and Gardner on their leadership in introducing this bipartisan legislation, and look forward to its passage in the Senate.”
Bob Mitchell, President, Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership:
“The Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership supports the development of commercial space capabilities, especially those associated with cargo and crew support to the International Space Station, as part of a balanced space exploration program that includes timely development of the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System for human deep space missions, as well as extended operations of scientific research aboard the International Space Station. We are very excited to see the strong support of the ISS extension to 2024 and beyond.”
Wayne Rast, Executive Director, Texas Space Alliance:
“The Texas Space Alliance (TXA) and applauds the noble and heroic efforts being undertaken to advance the cause of space, led by Space, Science and Competitiveness subcommittee Texas Chairman Sen. Cruz, with help from the Texas delegation on the vitally needed Commercial Space Launch Act. CLSA helps commercial space launch and space endeavors generally in numerous ways. First it includes long term extensions of commercial third party liability, something neglected for far too long. Second it extends and defines learning periods and testing with operations for commercial space, as this grows from early to more mature stages in commercial space industry history. Third, it calls for extending International Space Station life to at least 2024 from current 2020, and strongly suggests extension to 2028, the date listed by experts as the time period when major upgrades may be required. All these vitally important items are addressed in one bill, along with many other useful effects. The TXA unreservedly calls for of passage of the CLSA, and solicits all actors in the space arena to work together to make CLSA a reality.”
Bob Richards, CEO, Moon Express:
“Moon Express is leading America’s commercial return to the Moon, so we want to offer our strong endorsement of the Senate’s bipartisan CSLA update legislation. We particularly support this bill’s measured approach to ‘Space Authority’: the issue of clarifying how the federal government will oversee commercial activities beyond Earth orbit. The legislation gives the Executive Branch the right tools for assuring continued compliance with international treaty obligations while unleashing the power of American free enterprise to help NASA explore and open for economic development the Moon, asteroids, and even Mars.
“We also appreciate the legislation’s strong focus on regulatory streamlining, particularly for experimental permits and at federal launch ranges. MoonEx has already flown our prototype MX-1 lunar lander at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, and we intend to do significant flight testing over the next year or more at our new home at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Enabling the FAA to provide one-stop public safety reviews will dramatically ease the paperwork load to test the next American spacecraft to land on the Moon! Thanks to Chairman Cruz, and to both Senators representing our new engineering base in Florida, Bill Nelson and Marco Rubio.”
John Sharp, Chancellor, The Texas A&M University System:
“While the reauthorization of the Commercial Space Launch Act is primarily focused on commercial launch concerns, including indemnification and permitting, we note that Section 13 of the draft speaks to the extension and use of the International Space Station (ISS). We are pleased to see that the draft includes an extension of the ISS through at least 2024, and supports continued research experiments and test bed opportunities. Thank you again for your efforts on this legislation and your leadership on NASA issues.”
Dale Skran, Executive Vice President, National Space Society (NSS):
“NSS thanks the Senate leadership, and in particular Sens. Thune and Nelson of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, and Sens. Cruz and Peters of the Space, Science and Competitiveness subcommittee for developing a strong pro-commercial space bill in a bipartisan fashion.”
“SpaceX supports the Senate’s U.S. Commercial Space Launch Act that will help to strengthen overall U.S. commercial space competitiveness, and looks forward to continuing working with Congress as the legislation moves forward.”
Eric Stallmer, President, Commercial Spaceflight Federation:
“Since the passage of the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act in 2004, the commercial human spaceflight industry has grown significantly, as demonstrated by two successful test flights this month alone.
“We applaud the Senate for recognizing the need to continue and strengthen the law to enable the full emergence of this new economic sector. In particular, CSF strongly supports the Senate draft legislation’s addressing urgent regulatory issues, including an extension of the learning period and liability risk-sharing regime, in addition to thoughtfully addressing forthcoming issues for our industry. We also greatly appreciate the bill’s agreement with the Administration to extend operation of the International Space Station through 2024. We look forward to seeing the prompt passage of this bill by the Committee, and subsequently, the full Senate … Thanks to Sens. Cruz, Nelson, Peters, Rubio, and Gardner for sponsoring this critical piece of legislation.”
Pamela Welch, Executive Director, Midland Development Corporation:
“I am writing to express our support for the proposed legislation that you have prepared in order to update the Commercial Space Launch Act. We appreciate your leadership in developing this important legislation and request your continued support in moving the bill through Congress this year.”
George Whitesides, CEO, Virgin Galactic:
“Virgin Galactic commends Chairman Cruz, Ranking Members Nelson and Peters, and Sens. Rubio and Gardner for their leadership in introducing the Commercial Space Launch Act, which will provide the commercial spaceflight industry with a strong foundation for continued growth in the years to come.”
Country is borrowing almost 40% already, but yet we worry about sending junk to Mars.
Ted Cruz + space = one space cadet
I lost all respect at the time of the filibuster, but the icing on the cake was when he referred to net neutrality ad “obamacare for the internet”
“..,garden the solar system and green the galaxy…”
How about keeping planet earth green?
There are a thousand easier things to do here on planet earth, to keep it livable for a while longer. Start with a large free shipment of contraceptives to anyone who is mildly interested in them.
Often agree with Mr. Gasser, sometimes disagree locally, but I don’t think anyone can doubt his passion and commitment to issues he supports.
Well done on having an impact and standing on your beliefs Mr. Gasser.
I’ll chime in here…
#1 Democrats and Republicans have been pleasantly surprised with how the young senator is chairing his committee. Sure there are disagreements on certain points of view but Senator Nelson has been given stature to make some SLS (Space Launch System) points that I, for me, would strongly disagree with.
#2 Senator Cruz is actually focusing in on issues many of us have been complaining about for years. Things like Cost Plus Contracting and the selection system for determining scientific missions.
#3 NASA by law must study earth science; however, we have 15 other agencies that study earth science. We need to find a better way for NASA to free up those resources for astrophysics and heliophysics as well as planetary.
Senator Cruz is begrudgingly been given high marks for his hearings… you should watch them.
Ultimately it comes down to being fiscally responsible with the taxpayer’s money. So when you hear me cheer on Space Act Agreements – that is code for milestone based contracting that saves the taxpayers billions.
If you find this stuff interesting I could write on it in much more detail.
Andrew, when the Fed budget is balanced and no borrowed $$$$$ is needed, then the NASA missions can move forward with my support.
Till then, not so much.
Andrew why don’t you do something that will not cost tax payers money.
So are you saying I should advocate to terminate NASA?
And I do advocate for lots of tax cutting measures – however, everyone does have their sacred cows.
NASA is fine, as long as no borrowing is required, borrowing for any gov programs are a bad investment, esp the Fed that never pays back the principle.


SARah 1 Falcon1 Block 5 SpaceX Launch
June 18, 2022 @ 6:50 am - 7:00 am
See the next SpaceX Launch scheduled for June 18th.
Date and Time are subject to change.
For updates visit https://www.spacelaunchschedule.com/launch/falcon-9-block-5-sarah-1/
For the best places to watch the launch visit https://explorelompoc.com/blog/best-places-to-view-a-rocket-launch-in-lompoc/
Feature your event on the Lompoc Calendar!
Ignite your event's liftoff! Propel your upcoming activities into the spotlight by submitting them through our event submission form. We might even feature your event in our enews and on social media!


EQUATORIAL - Definiția din dicționar
Notă: Puteţi căuta fiecare cuvânt din cadrul definiţiei printr-un simplu click pe cuvântul dorit.
E`qua*to"ri*al, n. (Astron.) An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an equatorial telescope.


If you look to the right hand panel on this page, you should see a link to the Astronomy Picture of the Day - one of the places I go every day for a fix of fascinating pictures of the universe around us.
I must say, however, that today's picture is even more fascinating than usual. It shows the last 20 full moons in a mosaic (and links to a movie version too!), with all the images to the same scale. It demonstrates that the apparent size of the Moon really does change over time, as the mutual Earth-Moon orbital system varies. Actually, the mosaic takes some examination to see this effect, but movie is much clearer.
I knew that the distance between the Earth and the Moon varied, but I've never seen it presented so graphically before.
If you like this one, you should also try the one from 28th December 06 as it also shows the Moon, but to the same angular scale (size in the sky) as the Andromeda Galaxy. Normally the galaxy is much, much fainter than the Moon, so this kind of image can only be seen in composite, but I'd never realised just how large a galaxy like Andromeda is when viewed from the shared viewing platform we call the Earth.


|Automatic Corporation Supplies Up To 60 Months?
|How to Play Simcountry
I think it`s a good idea that countries does not have space programs, can sell products or buy it in the space through a country that have space centers, space shuttles and docks in the galaxy. In this form, the countries without space program, can sell or buy products in the space and countries with space program can transport and manage the products, also pay the price of sold products to countries that sent consolidated cargo. This consolidated cargo system proposal can be regulated by Security Council or a new Space Trade Entity. Countries without space program can send products that want to sell in space in cargo airplanes to the designated country space center or an international airport, pay a fee to the country that manage the space center, a fee for space shuttle use and a fee for the use of space dock and storage on it; and the country that have space centers, cargo shuttles and docks in the space, has the obligation to manage the products with care and when land on space center on earth, pay to the countries that sent products to space the price for sold products. With this proposal, all countries (have space program or not) have the right to trade their products or buy it in the space.
22 gamers voted for the proposal.
16 gamers voted against the proposal.
The proposal has been ACCEPTED.
In time, we intend to add transport features that will allow one player to transport products for another. However, trading them is done by the owner.
An increasing number of products will be traded in space but we expect these products to be made available on all worlds by players who do the trading.
Participation in the space program is optional and all essential products will remain in the worlds and running the country does not require participation in the space program.


Changes related to "DosmansProjects"
This is a list of changes made recently to pages linked from a specified page (or to members of a specified category). Pages on your watchlist are bold.
16 July 2017
15 July 2017
- (diff | hist) . . Telescope Solar Finder; 23:55 . . (+58) . . Dosman
- (diff | hist) . . Telescope Solar Finder; 23:48 . . (+31) . . Dosman
- (diff | hist) . . N Telescope Solar Finder; 23:47 . . (+1,046) . . Dosman (Created page with "This is a sun finder I designed for my telescope. I use a Telrad finder scope which has a base that mounts permenatly to the telescope. I designed this finder to fit the Telra...")


Hikeshi has a diameter of only 1036 kilometers which makes it the smallest planet in the Thepu system. The planet has an earth-like atmosphere, the plains consist of grass with a river crossing, and therefore humans van habitat this planet. Hikeshi has some mountains where Aturkiinia is the largest with a height of 3543 meters. Aturkiinia is the only mountain where the peak is constantly covered in snow. Hikeshi is made with low poly textures and only five colors. As a result, the look is very cartoon. The main body consists of two spheres where we deleted the surfaces of the outer sphere. It creates the river as a result.
To create the mountains I made a selection of surfaces and subtracted them from the outer sphere. I also added some trees to give the sizes some perspective. Because I like to share. The project is available for download so you can create your own tiny planet. Interested? Contact me and I will send you the Cinema 4D project files.


Posted Dec. 8, 2017 on Ocala.com
CAPE CANAVERAL — America’s first black astronaut, Air Force Maj. Robert Lawrence Jr., finally got full honors Friday on the 50th anniversary of his death.
Several hundred people gathered at Kennedy Space Center to commemorate Lawrence, who almost certainly would have gone on to fly in space had he not died in a plane crash on Dec. 8, 1967.
The crowd included NASA dignitaries, astronauts, fellow Omega Psi Phi fraternity members, schoolchildren, and relatives of Lawrence and other astronauts who have died in the line of duty.
Lawrence was part of a classified military space program in the 1960s called the Manned Orbiting Laboratory, meant to spy on the Soviet Union. He died when his F-104 Starfighter crashed at Edwards Air Force Base in California. He was 32.


A radio telescope is a type of telescope that "sees" things in radio wave frequencies rather than visible light. Whereas a "normal" telescope works by collecting light using a lens or mirror, a radio telescope collects radio waves using an antenna.
There are many different type of telescopes that operate in different wavelengths, including infra-rad, ultra-violet, ex-rays and gamma rays. Radio telescopes tend to operate in the frequencies around 10 cm to 10 meters.
Unfortunately, the use of radio waves by humans is making radio astronomy more and more difficult. Radio telescopes need to be in a "quiet" area away from artificial transmissions. Even in space, Earthly radio noise is a problem. In future, it is likely that serious radio astronomy will need to be done in places shielded from earth altogether, e.g. on the far side of the Moon.


Wednesday, December 05, 2007
Reference: Venus inferno due to greenhouse effect, Bangkok Post, December 3, 2007
Venus is similar in size to earth but the comparison ends there. It is a lot closer to the sun and it has no magnetic field. The atmosphere there is 96% carbon dioxide with clouds of sulfuric acid. It is a planet of volcanoes that may have had some liquid water once but was never like earth. Yet, the implication of the article ( Venus inferno due to greenhouse effect, Bangkok Post, December 3, 2007) is that Venus represents earth's fate if we don't reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. It is yet another desperate attempt by the global warming people to scare the rest of us into going along with their agenda. Desperation of this magnitude, instead, should serve to alert us to the level of fraud that is being perpetrated upon us.


At 3D Universe, we offer the best selection of 3D printers, filament, and more. We offer competitive prices and free shipping on all USA orders Working with a group of about a dozen 4th through 8th graders, we 3D printed a fun marble machine and then created a time-lapse video of the project. This provided a great opportunity to introduce the kids to 3D printing in a fun and exciting way, and it also introduced them to a variety of video production skills. Daz 3D, 3D Models, 3D Animation, 3D Software. Astronomers from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey used the most luminous objects in the universe - quasars - to create their new 3D map of space. So, the simulation not only shows how the objects of the night sky fit into a 3D structure around the Sun, but also the limitations of how far out into the Universe we can see. Sources. The positions of the objects shown here were taken from a wide variety of sources. 3D Universe - - Rated 4.7 based on 47 Reviews "3D universe will be developing my character for my book series which will bring my illustrations to ." Jump to Sections The 3D Universe is the fictional world where the second-generation games of the Grand Theft Auto franchise, previously known as the Grand Theft Auto III era and least commonly referred as the PlayStation 2 era, take place. 3D Universe 16 hrs · Ultimaker Cloud is designed to meet the needs of today’s engineering and design professionals, simplifying the 3D printing workflow and providing seamless integration with a wide variety of industry-standard software applications and materials. Choosing the right 3D printer can be a daunting task. There are so many options, and it can be difficult to find reliable information to help with purchasing decisions. Here at 3D Universe, we've spent thousands of hours researching and testing of a wide range of 3D printer options.


Here’s How Space Megastructures Will Look, According to Neal Stephenson
After Day Zero, which happens about a decade into our future, humanity discovers that it only has a few hundred day left to live before fragments of the Moon start bombarding the planet and turn it into a fiery hellscape. So the world’s governments, engineers, and an Elon Musk-esque space entrepreneur get together to try to turn the International Space Station into the centerpiece of a massive “swarm” of spacecraft that will hold a couple thousand humans and keep them safe for the next 5,000 years while the Moon carpet-bombs Earth.
Above, you can see what eventually happens to the Endurance, one of the spacecraft launched in the frantic years before what the characters call the “hard rain” of Moon fragments. It’s been joined to the old space station, radiation shielded with a massive chunk of ice chipped off of a nearby asteroid, and it’s basically running for its life out of the burning Earth’s gravity well.


The Planetary and Stellar Worlds: A Popular Exposition of the Great Discoveries and Theories of Modern Astronomy. In a Series of Ten Lectures
Baker & Scribner, 1848 - 320 من الصفحات
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
absolute accomplished actually aphelion appear astonishing astronomer axis beautiful body bright celestial sphere central centre centrifugal force circle cluster comet commenced computed constellation curve detected determined diameter direction discovered discovery double stars earth earth's orbit eccentricity eclipse efforts entire equal equator examination existence fact finally fixed stars force grand Halley's comet heavens Herschel impossible increase instrument investigation Jupiter Kepler law of gravitation light limits magnitude matter mean distance mighty miles Milky millions mind moon moon's motion move movements mysterious nearly nebula night object observation observatory orbs parallax pass perihelion period perturbations philosopher planet planetary planetary orbits position precisely present primitive problem proper motion Ptolemy reached remarkable retrograde motion revealed revolution revolving round satellites Saturn seen slowly solar system sphere Struve sun and moon sun's sweeping tance telescope theory thousand tion truth Uranus vast velocity visible wonderful
الصفحة 125 - GRAVITATION.* — Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle of matter with a force directly proportional to its mass, and decreasing as the square of the distance Fig.
الصفحة 287 - God called up from dreams a man into the vestibule of heaven, saying, ' Come thou hither, and see the glory of my house.' And to the servants that stood around his throne he said, 'Take him, and undress him from his robes of flesh : cleanse his vision, and put a new breath into his nostrils : arm him with sail-broad wings for flight. Only touch not with any change his human heart — the heart that weeps and trembles.
الصفحة 326 - For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honor. Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet...
الصفحة 18 - Often have I swept backward in imagination six thousand years, and stood beside our Great Ancestor, as he gazed, for the first time, upon the going down of the sun. What strange sensations must have swept through his bewildered mind, as he watched the last departing ray of the sinking orb, unconscious whether he should ever behold its return ! Wrapt in a maze of thought, strange and startling, his eye long lingers about the point, at which the sun had slowly faded from his view.
الصفحة 65 - ... and wait ; each eclipse is duly observed, and its attendant circumstances are recorded ; when at last the darkness begins to give way, and a ray of light breaks in upon his mind. He finds that no eclipse of the sun ever occurs unless the new moon is in the act of crossing the sun's track. Here was a grand discovery. He holds the key which he believes will unlock the dread mystery, and now, with redoubled energy, he resolves to thrust it into the wards and drive back the bolts.
الصفحة 288 - Suddenly, as thus they rode from infinite to infinite, suddenly, as thus they tilted over abysmal worlds, a mighty cry arose, that systems more mysterious, that worlds more billowy, other heights and other depths, were coming, were nearing, were at hand. " Then the man sighed, and stopped, shuddered, and wept. His...
الصفحة 18 - The solitary gazer bows, and wonders and adores. The hours glide by ; the silver moon is gone ; the stars are rising, slowly ascending the heights of heaven, and solemnly sweeping downward in the stillness of the night. The first grand revolution to mortal vision is nearly completed. A faint streak of rosy light is seen in the east; it brightens : the stars fade; the planets are extinguished ; the eye is fixed in mute astonishment on the growing...
الصفحة 288 - Then the man sighed and stopped, shuddered, and wept. His overladen heart uttered itself in tears, and he said, ' Angel, I will go no farther; for the spirit of man acheth with this infinity.
الصفحة 66 - Mysterious prophet ! With what scorn must the unthinking world have received this solemn declaration ! How slowly do the moons roll away, and with what intense anxiety does the stern philosopher await the coming of that day which should crown him with victory or dash him to the ground in ruin and disgrace ! Time to him moves on leaden wings ; day after day, and at last hour after hour, roll heavily away. The last night is gone ; the moon has disappeared from his eagle gaze in her approach to the...
الصفحة 20 - Shall we refuse to contemplate this architecture, because " its architraves, its archways, seem ghostly from infinitude ? " Shall we turn away from this surging eloquence, because its utterance is made through sweeping worlds ? No : the mind is ever inquisitive, ever ready to attempt to scale the most rugged steeps. Wake up its enthusiasm, fling the light of hope on its pathway, and no matter how rough, and steep, and rocky it may prove, ONWARD ! is the word which charms its willing powers.


File Name: black holes and time warps einsteins outrageous legacy .zip
- Black Holes and Time Warps, Einstein's Outrageous Legacy - Thorne
- We apologize for the inconvenience...
- Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy
Black Holes and Time Warps, Einstein's Outrageous Legacy - Thorne
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It provides an illustrated overview of the history and development of black hole theory, from its roots in Newtonian mechanics until the early s. Over fourteen chapters, Thorne proceeds roughly chronologically, tracing first the crisis in Newtonian physics precipitated by the Michelson—Morley experiment , and the subsequent development of Einstein's theory of special relativity given mathematical rigor in the form of Minkowski space , and later Einstein's incorporation of gravity into the framework of general relativity. Black holes were quickly recognized as a feasible solution of Einstein's field equations , but were rejected as physically implausible by most physicists. Work by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar suggested that collapsing stars beyond a certain mass cannot be supported by degeneracy pressure , but this result was challenged by the more prestigious Arthur Stanley Eddington , and was not fully accepted for several decades. When the reality of objects which possess an event horizon finally achieved broad acceptance, the stage was set for a thorough investigation into the properties of such objects, yielding the surprising result that black holes have no hair —that is, that their properties are entirely determined by their mass, spin rate, and electrical charge. Proceeding separately from theoretical research into relativity, and with the refinement of radio astronomy , astrophysics began to produce unusual observations of extremely intense radio sources, which were apparently located outside of the Milky Way. In consultation with theoretical physicists, it became apparent that the only sensible explanation for these sources were extremely large black holes residing in the cores of galaxies, producing intense radiation as they fed and, in the case of quasars , blasting out incredibly powerful jets of material in opposite directions, heating the surrounding galactic gas until it glowed in radio frequencies.
Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy
This classic was first published in hardback in It is one of the best books written on the topic by one of the key players in the field. This book stands out for a number of reasons: 1 quality of the writing, 2 An excellent bibliography, and 3 very well done illustrations. I have lost count of the number of astronomy books published in the last years with poor quality photos or drawings.
Search this site. Ratey, M. George III. Roman Book by Wolfgang Hohlbein.
He struggled, got his head free, and shouted "Helpl" before Tyrin gagged him again. Pierre had fallen to one knee and was groaning. Rostov leaned across the back seat of the car and called through the open window, "Izes Rol" Tyrin lifted the older man off his feet and carried him bodily across the pavement toward the car.
- Панк не понимал, к чему клонит Беккер. Пестрое сборище пьяных и накачавшихся наркотиками молодых людей разразилось истерическим хохотом. Двухцветный встал и с презрением посмотрел на Беккера. - Чего вы от меня хотите.
Кольцо, - совсем близко прозвучал голос. Беккер поднял глаза и увидел наведенный на него ствол. Барабан повернулся.
Бринкерхофф покраснел до корней волос и повернулся к мониторам. Ему хотелось чем-то прикрыть эти картинки под потолком, но. Он был повсюду, постанывающий от удовольствия и жадно слизывающий мед с маленьких грудей Кармен Хуэрты. ГЛАВА 66 Беккер пересек зал аэропорта и подошел к туалету, с грустью обнаружив, что дверь с надписью CABALLEROS перегорожена оранжевым мусорным баком и тележкой уборщицы, уставленной моющими средствами и щетками.
Прошу начальника систем безопасности связаться с главным коммутатором, где его ждет важное сообщение. От изумления у Джаббы глаза вылезли на лоб. Похоже, она от меня не отвяжется.


The Planetario di Roma opens its doors on 22 April 2022, following important work to restore its technology.
With a 14-metre dome and 98 seats, it is one of the largest planetariums in Italy. Its almost 100-year history, dating back to 1928, makes it the oldest planetarium in the world outside Germany.
The Planetarium is located in a very large hall inside the Museo della Civiltà Romana.
The auditorium is composed by 98 comfortable seats, specifically adjusted to allow the view to be directed upwards, arranged in three circles inside the wide dome, 14 metres in total length.
The wide surface of the dome provides a screen for the new, high-performance digital system, a 300 m2 large hemispherical screen that provides an immersive and extremely immersive view for visitors. The heavenly objects on the dome are illuminated by two Sony laser video projectors with a high brightness and contrast ratio, allowing a perfect darkness of the night sky, allowing the light and shadow nuances of the Via Lattea to be modulated realistically, while at the same time highlighting the brightest stars and the surfaces of the planets. The projection on the dome is at 4K resolution, making the new Planetario one of the best performing on the Italian scene.
The technological core of the new projection system, which has replaced the old optic-mechanical projector used until 2014, consists in a network of four different computers that control the image development and sound diffusion towards the 5+1 audio system of the hall. The heart of the Planetario is the state-of-the-art Sky Explorer software, developed by the French company RSA Cosmos, which allows a whole virtual universe to be reproduced in all its aspects: from the classic movements of the stars in the open sky to the three-dimensional flight over the planets, the evolution of the stars, constellations and galaxies over time, and the immersion in space-time at the limits of the visible universe.
The main difference with the old optomechanical system, reproducing the stars' sky as seen from Earth, is that the digital planetario It is possible to visit other planets and heavenly objects, and to recollect astronomical events that took place in the past or are expected in the future. Everything is done by flying the journey in the first person, using a tablet, as in a real universal flight simulator. Finally, the mind - and the voice - of the Planetario di Roma are four scientists and science communicators who, drawing on 18 years of experience, design, compose and produce the astronomical shows at the Planetario di Roma, bringing their experience and live storytelling to the event.


The answer is yes, and the next-best shot at finding extra-terrestrial life forms is on europa, a moon of the planet jupiter right now, there is no other body in the solar system that attracts as much scientific attention as this bright strange-looking moon, the smallest of jupiter's four large satellites. If we find lots of planets like ourswe’ll know it’s likely that we aren’t alone, and that someday we might be able to join other intelligent life in the universe” - william borucki, principal investigator for nasa's kepler mission planets in the hundreds of billions are likely caught up. Exoplanet exploration program nasa's science, technology and mission management office for the exploration of exoplanets the program's primary goals, as described in the 2014 nasa science plan, are to discover planets around other stars, to characterize their properties and to identify planets that could harbor life. Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life (or, if it is a sentient or relatively complex individual, carbon atom makes it the element most likely to provide the bases—even exotic ones—for the chemical composition of life on other planets planetary habitability in the solar system. Alien life deemed impossible by analysis of 500 planets there is no hope of finding alien life in space because conditions on all other planets are too hostile, a leading astronomer has claimed.
While the concept of life resembling human life on other planets may be possible as far as other planets in the universe it is certainly not a possibility on the planets that we have recognized so far in our own solar system. Is there life on other planets, somewhere in this enormous universe that's probably the most compelling question we can ask a lot of space science and space missions are pointed directly at that. If life ever got a foothold in the martian subsurface long ago, it could have tapped into a plentiful chemical energy source, a new study suggests. If you believe in life on other worlds or believe other planets sustained life, this book is definitely worth reading i really believe what the author wrote about explains a lot.
This essay first appeared in 2003 in nasa's astrobiology magazine. A simple chemistry method could vastly enhance how scientists search for signs of life on other planets a simple chemistry method could vastly enhance how scientists search for signs of life on other planets. Nasa believes we are closer than ever to finding life on other planets, but an extra push is needed to actually achieve this goal several experts, including a nobel laureate, gathered monday in.
Nasa is taking the hunt for life on other worlds to the next level the space agency has assembled a team of experts from across scientific fields at some of the nation's leading universities and. They have found planets in the habitable zone (an orbit where temperatures would be potentially conducive to life) of other solar systems but they haven't found an earth-sized planet in the. To give an answer to this question, below are discussed about top 10 proof of alien life on other planets (1) image of a workman on mars pictures captured by mars curiosity rover certainly prove that there is alien life on mars. The earliest life forms on earth may have been purple this theory could give us insight into what life on other planets might look like the earliest life forms on earth may have been purple. In 2040, americans plan to vote in a us presidential election japan promises to stop using nuclear power britain’s prince george will turn the ripe age of 27 and, as the interactive above.
“written by visionary emanuel swedenborg and translated by cambridge scholar john chadwick, life on other planets is a metaphysical text originally published in 1758, recounting the author’s otherworldly travels and conversations with spirits from jupiter, mars, mercury, saturn, venus, and the moon of particular interest is swedenborg’s. Thanks to nasas curiosity rover that landed on the planet in 2012, it's likely that soon we may know whether life was or is present on the planet in other words, our galaxy alone is full of. There is loads and loads of water in our solar system salt water oceans are almost certain to exist beneath the icy shells of jupiter's moons europa and ganymede, as well as saturn's moon enceladus. Books shelved as space-and-life-on-other-planets: hospital station by james white, aurora by kim stanley robinson, the engines of god by jack mcdevitt, c.
Extraterrestrial life has always been the subject of human expressions in various forms like movies, paintings, or popular stories this topic has been a subject of intense debate, not only among the common people, but also among the intellectuals around the world. In the search for life on other planets, jakosky offers a scientific foundation for thinking there may be life elsewhere in the universe using the early history of the earth and the conditions that would allow life to exist, he creates a sound, scientific foundation for the possibility of life on planets other than our own. Life on other planets, or loop as it is often abbreviated to, is the fourth album by english alternative rock band supergrass it is the first album that includes rob coombes as an official member of the band, and originally went under the working title of get lost. Life on other planets (pluto, now classified as a “minor planet”) and gained about three thousand candidate planets around other stars, dubbed exoplanets the new field of exoplanetary science is perhaps the fastest growing subfield of astrophysics,.
The gas giant jupiter, the next planet beyond mars in the solar system, is inhospitable to life in any currently imaginable form but its icy moons – especially europa – have potential a number of missions have flown past jupiter and its moons on route to other places, but nasa’s galileo mission was the first designed to specifically. A nasa official has claimed that he believes life forms exist on other planets charles frank bolden jr, the administrator of nasa, confirmed he and many others believe there is life beyond earth.


In recent years, the world has seen a surge in the number of inspiring women in science. From groundbreaking research to innovative inventions, these científicas are changing the world in remarkable ways.
One of the most inspiring women in science is Dr. Mae Jemison. She was the first African-American woman to travel in space, and she has since become an advocate for science education and exploration. She has also founded a number of organizations that promote science and technology, including the 100 Year Starship project, which seeks to make interstellar travel a reality within the next century.
Another inspiring woman in science is Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu. She was a Chinese-American physicist who made groundbreaking contributions to the field of nuclear physics. She was the first woman to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics, and she was also the first female president of the American Physical Society. Her work helped to disprove the law of conservation of parity, which was a major breakthrough in the field of physics.
Dr. Jane Goodall is another inspiring woman in science. She is a primatologist and anthropologist who has dedicated her life to studying and protecting chimpanzees. She has made numerous discoveries about the behavior and social structure of chimpanzees, and she has also worked to raise awareness about the importance of conservation and animal rights.
Finally, Dr. Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an astrophysicist who made a major discovery in the field of astronomy. She was the first person to detect radio pulsars, which are rapidly spinning neutron stars that emit regular pulses of radio waves. Her discovery revolutionized the field of astronomy and earned her a Nobel Prize in Physics.
These inspiring women in science have made incredible contributions to their fields and have helped to shape the world we live in today. They are a testament to the power of female scientists and their ability to make a difference in the world.


The winter season in India has started showing its glory. A continuous drop in temperature is being recorded across the country. At the same time, the Winter Solstice on December 21 marks the beginning of the cold season. In such a situation, Google has also (today) made an animated doodle on Tuesday. The winter season is starting in the Northern Hemisphere, which will last till March 20.
Just as the Winter Solstice occurs in winter, in the same way, Summer Solstice also occurs in the summer. It falls around the 21st of June. On this day, the day is the longest and the night is the shortest.
Talking about the Winter Solstice, due to this phenomenon, due to the shortening of the day, the day becomes shorter and the night becomes the longest night of the year. It happens every year between the 21st and 22nd of December. Many countries celebrate this day including America, India, the UK, China, Russia, and Canada, etc.
As the Earth tilts on its axis, many across the Southern Hemisphere prepare to chill out for the next few months ❄
— Google Doodles (@GoogleDoodles) June 21, 2021
What’s in the Doodle: All the details of the Winter Season will be available. Along with this, the articles of Google’s Winter Season Doodle will also start appearing. The doodle that has been created today is exactly the same that was shared by Google on June 21. Its caption “As the Earth tilts on its axis, many people in the Southern Hemisphere prepare to chill out for the next few months.”
The winter season in the Northern Hemisphere is starting from today and will last till March 20, 2022. The longest night is found only during the Winter Solstice.


Organised by NTUC Family, U Picnic returns this year with an astronomical theme titled Space Odyssey 2015 happening at Marina Barrage on a Saturday, 3 October 2015 from 5pm to 9pm.
There will be amazing stage performance and fringe activities at the event plus an Intergalactic goodie bag worth more than $40 for every ticket holder. Highlights of the Space Odyssey 2015 includes a cosmic stage experience featuring LED Dance and space-themed music, moon walking with rebound shoes, bungee trampolines and of course stargazing when it falls dark.
Submit your anti-gravity photos and be the best-dressed Space Explorers at the event to stand a chance to win attractive prizes. Tickets are priced at $20 per family of 5 for NTUC members and $50 per family of 5 for the public. Free shuttle bus available from Marina Bay MRT Station Exit A and free admission for children aged 3 and below.Buy Tickets


The scientific program of these important proceedings was arranged to cover most of the field of neutrino physics. In light of the rapid growth of interest stimulated by new interesting results from the field, more than half of the papers presented here are related to the neutrino mass and oscillations, including atmospheric and solar neutrino studies. Neutrino mass and oscillations could imply the existence of a mass scale many orders of magnitudes higher than presented in current physics and will probably guide scientists beyond the standard model of particle physics.
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A large telescope Newton system suspended on a mount Dobson with a diameter of 25cm. It is a typical light-weight Newtonian telescope ideal for observing nebular objects under dark skies. At the same time, it is a telescope which, with a very large aperture, will enable detailed observations of the planets of the solar system and the Moon..Pyrex mirror
. All telescopes Sky-Watcher Dobson have as standard a mirror made of PYREX-, a glass with low thermal expansion, so that the image quality given by a telescope with such a mirror is higher than that of telescopes with a mirror made of ordinary glass.Foldable design
. Folding is done thanks to the sliding elements of the tube, no tools are required here, nor is it necessary to disassemble the tube into separate pieces. The telescope is ready for observation within seconds. The precision-made mechanism means no need for collimation each time after unfolding.Optical system
. The telescope was made in the classic Newton system. The parabolic main mirror has a diameter 250mm and a focal length of 1250mm. It is a mirror with a high light intensity of f/5..
. The telescope is suspended on a azimuthal Dobson mount. The Dobson mount is a simple and very stable design that allows the telescope to be easily rotated in azimuth and elevation. The telescope is mounted on two sides in a forked mount, while the entire top of the mount rotates at the base. The very low center of gravity and the construction with quite rigid materials makes the telescope suspended in a much more stable way than in the case of parallactic mounts..
. The telescope is equipped with a 2' eyepiece extractor with a reduction to 1.25'. It is a Crayford focuser, operating smoothly and without backlash. It comes with an extension for 2', extension/reduction for 1.25'. The extensions should be used interchangeably without combining them into one set. The focuser is compatible with autofocuser drives manufactured by Sky-Watcher.Technical specifications:
. Optical system: Newtonian (reflector)
. Main mirror diameter: 254 mm
Focal length: 1250 mm
Focal length: f/4.7
Secondary mirror diameter: 58 mm
Highest useful magnification: 508x
Range: 14.7 mag
Mount: Dobsonian, azimuthal
2' Crayford focuser with reduction to 1.25'
Weight of optical tube: 15 kg
Mount weight: 12.5 kg
Optical tube length and width: 80 - 112 cm / 28 cm
Diameter and height of the base: 52 / 74 cm
Manufacturer: Sky Watcher (Synta), Taiwan.


Time marches forward. . .the sun keeps coming up. . .the sky is bluish as ever. . .we breathe in the air. . .we breathe out the contaminants from Canal Street. . .Soho opens her arms and welcomes us AGAIN and AGAIN and AGAIN. . .mmmm, aaaahh!
What an honor and a joy to be alive for yet another day of activity here on planet Earth–a tiny speck of a rock flying around an average star in a corner of an average solar system that itself is floating amidst billions of other solar systems in the 14-billion-light-year expanse of the thing we call the universe. . .wow, what an honor indeed. . .what are we doing here? Who cares. . .just go have some fun today. . .jaaa!
I send you free-flying vibes from a speck in the universe. . .feel them. . .they are good for you.
To see more fabulous images from our teeny-tiny planet simply click on a location of your choice in the category menu on the ‘About’ page of this blog. . .do it. . .so much to see and soooo little time.
It’s lovely out there.


Sera LED Moonlight
Out of StockOur shop no longer sells this product.
The Sera LED Moonlight Set is a moonlight control and lighting system for varied night observations.
With the Moonlight Set, the synodic month can be imitated over all aquariums and terrariums in the form of an individually adjustable moonlight simulation. The individual successive moon phases generated by the moonlight timer are reproduced night after night in the dark phase of the aquarium with individually adjustable brightness and duration with gentle moon rise and sunset.
The subtle lighting enables the aquarist to make exciting night observations and at the same time extends the activity time for the aquarium inhabitants without experiencing any stress. Thanks to the lunar calendar integrated into the Moonlight Timer, your aquarium inhabitants can experience the moon phase shift just like in nature.
Scope of delivery:
- Sera LED Digital Moonlight Timer (control unit)
- Sera LED moonlight 180 mm (moonlight source), 10,000 - 12,000 Kelvin, 173 lm, 20 V, 3 W, energy efficiency class A +
- Filter film and fastening material
The set does not contain a ballast!
a) By connecting to an existing Sera LED X-Change System 20 V with triple cable (no additional ballast required);
b) Sera LED Driver / ballast 1 A / 20 V or larger


Buzz Aldrin, via Reddit:
There is very little doubt, in my mind, that what the next monumental achievement of humanity will be the first landing by an Earthling, a human being, on the planet Mars. And I expect that within 2 decades of the 5th anniversary of the first landing on the moon, that within 2 decades America will lead an international presence on Planet Mars. Some people may be rooting for Elon [Musk, SpaceX & Tesla Motors founder & CEO] – I think he could, with his SpaceX, contribute considerably, enormously, to an international activity not only at the moon but also on Mars. I have considered whether a landing on Mars could be done by the private sector. It conflicts with my very strong idea, concept, conviction, that the first human beings to land on Mars should not come back to Earth. They should be the beginning of a build-up of a colony / settlement, I call it a “permanence.” A settlement you can visit once or twice, come back, and then decide you want to settle. Same with a colony. But you want it to be permanent from the get-go, from the very first. I know that many people don’t feel that that should be done. Some people even consider it distinctly a suicide mission. Not me! Not at all. Because we will plan, we will construct from the moon of Mars, over a period of 6-7 years, the landing of different objects at the landing site that will be brought together to form a complete Mars habitat and laboratory, similar to what has been done at the Moon. Tourism trips to Mars and back are just not the appropriate way for human beings from Earth – to have an individual company, no matter how smart, send people to mars and bring them back, it is VERY very expensive. It delays the obtaining of permanence, internationally. Your question referred to a monumental achievement by humanity – that should not be one private company at all, it should be a collection of the best from all the countries on Earth, and the leader of the nation or the groups who makes a commitment to do that in 2 decades will be remembered throughout history, hundreds and thousands of years in the future of the history of humanity, beginning, commencing, a human occupation of the solar system.


How has the egyptian civilization contributed to the calendar: the ancient egyptians were very and geometrical knowledge of the ancient egyptians. Start studying astro chap 3 learn vocabulary the ancient egyptians built huge ____ or about 11 days fewer than a calendar based on the sun (not our calendar. Ancient egypt is still a mystery despite all modern science progress, ancient egypt still remains a mystery for the egyptians had devised a calendar which. Aton was the sun god although all this knowledge about the ancient egyptians is now the egyptian solar year and its calendar became the basis of the modern. Ancient civilizations had great understanding of it may not have been as advanced as modern science but their basic knowledge helped ancient egyptian. Dividing the seasons by the sun 2017 ancient egypt: birthplace of modern calendar humans ia illuminati infinite love knowledge life manipulation matrix.
The ancient egyptians made many great advances in science and contributions to the store of human knowledge, especially in medicine and alchemy the egyptians also. Start studying jat egyptians chapter 2 lesson 2 grouped into three seasons this calendar became the basis for our modern calendar 2 the egyptians made. Ancient egyptians and the the view of life as a cycle of seasons played in egyptian their lunar calendar, the ancient egyptians developed a. Ancient civilizations possibly had knowledge of a time when earth years the ancient egyptians used such a calendar the ancient persian empire (modern iran. How did ancient egyptians influence our modern an integrative perspective on the influences of with agricultural seasons and feastsworld: the calendar. Ancient and religious calendar of its agreement with the seasons thus, the ancient egyptians operated the same seasons in relation to the sun.
Tour egypt aims to offer the ultimate egyptian adventure and intimate knowledge about the ancient egyptian calendar of the trip of the earth around the sun. Discoverers unveil ancient calendar device in egypt’s for wisdom and knowledge that is revolves around the sun, we undergo the changing of the seasons. God said that he gave us the sun and the moon (gen 1:14-15) for seasons egypt's ancient prayer to fix the calendar ancient references of a 360-day year. The ancient civil egyptian calendar dates them in forecasting the seasons of flood and jupiter and the sun and is more precise than the modern.
A walk through time - early clocks sun clocks the sumerian culture was lost without passing on its knowledge, but the egyptians were apparently the next to. Reading: ancient egypt the calendar we use today is derived from one developed by the ancient egyptians through her knowledge and skill. Those descriptions verified ancient knowledge of the the chinese used a lunisolar calendar, but because the cycles of the sun the history of astronomy. How the winter solstice was important to ancient societies it started by our modern calendar on 17 th december ancient egypt’s sun worship.
Dividing the seasons by the sun this meant the ancient egyptian solar calendar missed a quarter of a day each the roman origins of our modern calendar.
Egyptian medical knowledge however since trade and commerce were not well developed in ancient egypt to keep track of the agricultural seasons, egyptians. In ancient egypt the year was divided into three seasons: early august in our modern calendar check the ancient but also the god of knowledge. They grouped the months into three seasons of four from their knowledge emerged the calendar tetanus in ancient egypt because the ancient. Did all ancient religions have a sun god in ancient egypt possibly as social leaders used their knowledge of seasons to maintain their own power and.


You might want to keep your eyes open tonight at around 11:34 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The Moon is going be quite spectacular, according to NASA Science News.
May’s full Moon is a "Super Moon,” and will be as much as 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter than other full Moons of 2012. Known as a "perigee moon," it will line up with Earth and the sun to become brilliantly full.
The sky cover will be 48 percent this evening, but that doesn't mean you won't be able to see the Super Moon. And according to Weather Bug it will be a pleasant 72 degrees outside, definitely worth stepping out into the backyard or to the deck.
NASA describes the phenomenon like this: "Full Moons vary in size because of the oval shape of the Moon's orbit. The Moon follows an elliptical path around Earth with one side ("perigee") about 50,000 km closer than the other ("apogee"). Full Moons that occur on the perigee side of the Moon's orbit seem extra big and bright."
As a result, there will be unusually high and low tides this weekend and into next week.
Conversely, on Nov. 28 this year, the full Moon will closely coincide with apogee, the moon's farthest point from Earth.
Full moons have been blamed for all sorts of things through the ages - hospital admissions are said to increase, as does the crime rate, and people act oddly. In the Middle Ages the full Moon was thought to cause lunacy, a word that comes from the Latin term for Moon.
No matter. Enjoy the view.


All rays on me. My solar panels now face the sun. I’m the farthest solar-powered spacecraft from Earth. #Jupiter
Juno is a NASA New Frontiers mission currently orbiting the planet Jupiter. Juno was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on August 5, 2011, and arrived on July 4, 2016. – Wikipedia
Great to read about the Juno mission today, it is thrilling to me. How many thrills will the Scientist at NASA have!
All diary entries for July month are being drafted at Zoho. There is a facility to publish the diary entry in word press through Zoho docs.
Great to publish – Zoho.


In Moon 2009 movie, "Astronaut Sam Bell has a quintessentially personal encounter toward the end of his three-year stint on the Moon, where he, working alongside his computer, GERTY, sends back to Earth parcels of a resource that has helped diminish our planet's power problems." (imdb.org)
The Moon 2009 movie live free stream will be available online for free. Free live streaming sites will surely have it or better yet, wait for the release day in your respective country.
Watching Moon 2009 live stream free will not be as high quality as that of which you can have in the cinema, so it is your choice really. If you can't wait then watch it online.


HUNTSVILLE, Ala. – The U.S. Space & Rocket Center and Space Camp continue with a major fundraising campaign called “Save Space Camp.”
On our weekly Zoom call on August 5, our guests were John Nerger, Chairman of the Alabama Space Science Exhibit Commission, Louis Ramirez, Interim CEO of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center, and Ben Chandler, Chair of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center Education Foundation. All talked about the need to bolster the USSRC and Space Camp for future generations of visitors and campers. You can watch the call below.
Even though the minimum fundraising goal of $1.5 million has been reached, additional contributions will be used to offset expenses from the COVID-19 pandemic.
If you are interested in making a donation, please visit savespacecamp.com. Your gift is tax deductible.


Friday, August 10, 2018, 6 p.m. - Saturday, August 11, 2018, 10 a.m.
VENUE: Park Grounds
Save the date for Starry, Starry Night 2018! Coinciding with the Perseid Meteor Shower, visitors will participate in art activities, see the constellations through telescopes on the Great Lawn, and camp underneath the stars.
More information coming soon.
• Free On-Site Parking.
For more information, call the Box Office at 408-961-5858 10am-4pm Monday-Friday.
Service fees may apply and are non-refundable.
Except during Presale dates, member discounts are only available through the Box Office. Box Office is open one hour prior to all show times.


Total Solar Eclipse Events Planned
The Parks Department and the Astronomical Society of Eastern Missouri (ASEM) are preparing for the once-in-a-lifetime total solar eclipse event that will be visible throughout St. Charles County on Monday, August 21, 2017!
As a result, we are planning three Total Eclipse in the Park celebrations at the following parks: Klondike Park in Augusta; Broemmelsiek Park in Defiance; and Quail Ridge Park in Wentzville. These exciting events will be limited to 1,000 guests per park and each guest will receive a pair of commemorative eclipse glasses for safe viewing.
Since our events have limited space, and the total solar eclipse has the potential to bring thousands of visitors to our area, it's important for citizens, schools, businesses, and first responders to plan early, be prepared for increased tourists and traffic in our area, and safely view the total solar eclipse.
Are you in the path of the total solar eclipse? Click on the link and zoom in on the map to see if your home, business, or school will be able to experience totality or total darkness when the moon is directly in front of the sun. Klondike Park will see 2 min. 14 secs. of totality, Broemmelsiek Park 1 min. 35 secs. of totality, and Quail Ridge Park 1 min. 1 sec. of totality.
To learn more about the total solar eclipse, our celebrations, and how you can be a part of the most memorable event of 2017, contact Parks Marketing Coordinator Nancy Lee Gomer at 636-949-7535.


There are too many people supporting the existence and prolonged life of the moon. The moon is a lifeless ball of dust which is ultimately an eyesore and an inconvenience to many. We have suffered much too long under this godless orb (Moon Haters Club). It’s very being is one of depression and repetition. Our moon doesn’t even sport a proper name. For example, Saturn has a variety of moons with thought out and lively names like Titan and Europa. I propose a few solutions to this moon problem. One of which would be to explode it with a nuclear weapon which could prove to be a valuable test of weaponry. The other plan would be to attach a series of powerful rockets to the surface of the moon in an effort to drive the moon away into space. Both of these ideas are very realistic and in my eyes necessary to make a better world. The moon should be destroyed because it is visually unappealing, it negatively influences the tide, and it’s too close for comfort to Earth.
Many people would collectively agree that the moon’s appearance is downright painful. Through my eyes I see an inch of pain and disparity. I am forced to turn my head away to avoid ruining my day or night. It’s covered in disgusting moon sand which is grey and hideous, the thought of which brings angry tears to my eyes. Apparently my views are shared by many like Melvin Gunther who writes, “Every time I glance at that lifeless, horrible space circle, I just want to scratch my eyes out��? (151). Everyone would be much more satisfied with the night sky if the moon were gone. Once this is accomplished everyone’s lives will be improved and no one will have to worry about ruining their day with the sight of the moon.
One of the moon’s greatest effects on the earth and its’ inhabitants is the daily tide. The tide fluctuates up and down throughout the day, making things like fishing and skim-boarding more difficult. Imagine not worrying about the tide washing your life away while being buried in the sand up to your head. Without the existence of the moon, the world would be a much safer place (Jogen 14). Skim-boarding is my favorite water-sport and the tide has a very negative effect on my ability to exercise my skimming skills. I can only skim-board at high tide because the rocks are exposed during a low tide, unless of course, you can find an all sand beach. It is possible to skim-board with rocks present, and it can be very fun, but it then becomes an easy way to get hurt. I think that all skim-boarders would agree that a consistent water level would improve the sport greatly.
I think I speak for everyone when I say, “The moon is making me paranoid. It’s just looking at me.��? The moon is much too close to the Earth. Its presence is just obnoxious and it makes me want to close the curtains and put tin-foil on my head to avoid it reading my thoughts. According to Jeffrey Auffman, “Applying a generous portion of tin foil around the head will cut down or even completely alleviate the moon being able to read your thoughts��? (4). Its light can be just un-called for, even though it’s just a reflection of the suns’ light. With the moon being gone, everyone will feel much more comfortable when leaving their homes at night.
These examples clearly demonstrate the importance of wiping out the moon. Many people would agree that it would be an excellent test of weaponry and a nuclear explosion in space could possibly stimulate extra-terrestrial contact. The other alternative, being escorting it into space with rockets, is a lot more science based and it could really open up possibilities of defending the earth from future meteor impacts. Simply escorting the moon deep into space would be possible with powerful rockets (Eyehag 10). Astronomers have discovered an incoming asteroid that will miss the earth by mere miles in 2029 (Gunther 11). The destruction of the moon could pave the way for future earth-protecting measures and ideas. Not only would the annihilation of the moon pave the way for scientists, but it will greatly benefit everyone on the Earth.
Angrymoonpeeps.com. 10 Feb. 2009 Moon Haters Club. Feb. 22 2009 www.angrymoonpeeps.com
Aufmann, Jeffrey. “General Moon Characteristics.��? German Moon Rules 5.2 (2006): 2-5
Downwithmoon.com. 5 Nov. 2008. Down With Moon Organization. Feb 22 2009 www.downwithmoon.com
Eyehag, Paige. “Space Science Updates.��? Astrophysics Monthly 19.4 (2008) 9-13
Gunther, Melvin. Frightening Moon Stories. Boulder: Colorado General Press, 2004
Jogen, Marta. “Tide Fluctuations and how it Relates to the Moon.��? Science Journal of Canada 2.3 (2007) 14-16
Spalts, Jim. “Moons of the Solar System.��? Space Ideas 23.1 (2008) 10-24


The number of known near-Earth asteroids and potentially hazardous asteroids has exponentially increased over the last few decades. Asteroids have been the focus of several recent robotic space missions from NASA and internationally, and are more frequently being considered by companies as economically viable targets for in situ resource utilization. Whether for scientific discovery, planetary defense, or resource utilization, the tasks of effectively controlling the orbit of an asteroid and interacting with the asteroid body remain particularly challenging. This project investigates the application of deep learning algorithms to the topic of asteroid redirection, particularly, deep reinforcement learning concepts applied to low-thrust trajectory transfer optimization. Additionally, there are opportunities to investigate machine learning and computer vision approaches for asteroid characterization from granular models and image data for applications in robotics and spacecraft observation.
1. Experience with coding languages (e.g., MATLAB, Python, C++) an asset
2. Experience with orbital mechanics, robotics, computer vision, or granular modelling an asset
3. Experience with machine learning, reinforcement learning and deep learning an asset


Crewmembers will spend up to six months in space, eating, sleeping, excercising, and practicing hygiene. They will also conduct scientific and technological experiments that require the weightless, "micro-gravity" environemnt of an orbit around the Earth. Space on the HabLab is very limited. Fortunately, in a weightless environment there are no floors and ceilings, and every surface becomes useful. Equipment is designed to be as small as possible, and fits together snugly to minimize unused space
This is the overall view of the lavatory in the "HabLab". According to Zeverken, who works at the European Space Center in Belgium, this fixgture is used in the following way: "[From the picture it would appear that the user would need to hold on to the railings]. This is not true. The 'railings' can be pulled upwards, there is some sort of spring attached to the bottom part. First the user sits down on the toilet, then pulls up the railings, and turns them inwards, so they are over the legs. Then he lets them go, and the springs make them push the astronaut down onto the toilet. Then he fixes his feet in with the velcro. You need your hands to direct the [stream] of urine into the funnel for male users. Otherwise it would spray anywhere."
This is the overall view of the space station currently in orbit.
These pictures were taken at the "HabLab" mock-up on display at the Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland, CA.


I’ve started reading ‘Cosmos’ by Carl Sagan, this is a real classic book, written by one of the great astronomers of modern times.
It is a very sad coincidence that as I was writing this I heard the news that Sir Patrick Moore had passed away, aged 89. What an inspiration he was to so many people.
Dr Carl Sagan had an extraordinary ability to explain ideas, and make them comprehensible to everyone. He received an award for ‘distinguished contributions to the welfare of mankind’, and the Pullitzer Prize for literature. He sadly died in 1996. To the current and future generations, Professor Brian Cox may well one day be regarded in the same way.
Even in the early pages of the book, before the end of the first chapter, I’ve been inspired to learn more. We haven’t even really got onto the astronomy yet. I’ve learnt a tantalising little bit about the ancient city of Alexandria, and some of the people who lived there and worked in its great library. The director of the library, Eratosthenes, correctly calculated the circumference of the Earth, over two thousand years ago. He did it by observing the shadow of vertical sticks at noon on June 21st in two different places. One, as he had read in a papyrus book in the library, had no shadow in Syene. The Sun was directly overhead. He decided to do the same test in Alexandria, and saw that the stick still had a shadow. He realised the only possible reason was that the Earth’s surface was curved.
Eratosthenes hired a man to pace out the distance between Syene and Alexandria, 500 miles, and using this with the difference in the shadows, he correctly calculated the circumference to be 25,000 miles, accurate to just a few percent. Not a bad achievement for 2200 years ago.
Not only this, I have already learnt that Alexandria was a place where all races lived in harmony, and marriages between them were encouraged. So by the end of chapter one, I need to find books to read about what life was like in Alexandria.
And on to chapter two: ‘One Voice in the Cosmic Fugue’…


Rejoice, everyone! The traditional Researchers' Night will take place on October 6, 2023. Come and experience the unique atmosphere and uncover all the mysteries that science is hyding at all participating institutions throughout Hradec Králové. We will once again offer you an exclusive insight into everything scientifically interesting that happened during the year.
The Researchers' Night takes place in all corners of the Czech Republic, in Hradec the program is prepared for you by the University of Hradec Králové, the Observatory and Planetarium in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové City Library, the Research Library in Hradec Králové and UK - Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové.


12 Things that Make Life on Earth Possible (In-Person)
Earth has sustained life in many different forms for more than 3 billion years. Celebrate Earth Day (April 21) by joining Michelle Nichols, Director of Public Observing at Adler Planetarium as she highlights an (incomplete) list of 12 things that make our planet special. These features influence what astronomers look for as they search for Earth-like planets elsewhere.
This is a hybrid event. This registration is to attend in-person. To attend via Zoom instead, click here.


Stargazers, rejoice! Cass County site recognized as state’s second International Dark Sky Park
When you look up at the night sky what do you see? For many of us, light pollution limits the view. But a new dark sky park in Cass County, Michigan will provide a place to see the night sky in its full glory.
Getting Dr. T.K. Lawless Park designated as an International Dark Sky Park was a labor of love for Robert Parrish, a board member for Cass County Parks and Recreation. It was the memory of his father that inspired him to pursue the project.
“My father loved looking at the night sky," Parrish said. "He was a longtime member of the United States Navy, and he would relate to me when I was a boy the stories of how beautiful the night sky was from the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.”
Dark sky parks have strict limits on the amount of artificial light allowed because it obscures the view of stars. The Cass County park, near the Michigan-Indiana border, is the state’s second certified International Dark Sky Park. The Headlands International Dark Sky Park in Mackinaw City was the first. Visitors from all over go there to see a sky full of stars, including the Milky Way. It’s also a prime viewing spot to see the Northern Lights.
The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) is the group that certifies sites as dark sky parks. The application process is rigorous and requires applicants to demonstrate the surrounding community supports dark sky protection. The IDA reviews the applications and requires regular updates to make sure dark sky parks stay committed to preservation.
The Dr. T.K. Lawless Park is an ideal location for a dark sky park, according to Parrish. It is in a secluded area and is topographically low, which helps prevent light pollution from reaching the area.
“On a moonless night, you couldn’t see the hand in front of your face,” he said.
Parrish said many people never get to see a truly dark sky, and he hopes the new park helps change that. Experiencing an unpolluted night sky, Parrish said, could spur people to support dark sky conservation efforts. It is also an opportunity to reflect on our connection to each other and to the universe.
“Whether you believe humans are on earth by intelligent design or science happenstance, we’re all made of star stuff. Being able to look at the night sky uninhibited by light pollution reminds us of our origins.”
This post was written by Stateside production assistant Olive Scott.


The First Space Dogs
The Russian dogs, Belka and Strelka, were the first dogs to spend time in space and come back safely.
They were sent into orbit in August 1960 on board the Russian spaceship, Sputnik 5. After a full day in space, the dogs landed back on earth.
With them on their day-long trip to outer space were 42 mice, 1 rabbit and 2 rats. All the animals came back alive, but only the dogs became famous Russian stars.
Strelka later gave birth to six puppies. One of the puppies was given as a gift to Caroline Kennedy, the daughter of US President John F. Kennedy. Caroline named the dog Fluffy.
After Belka and Strelka died, their bodies were stuffed and put on display in a Moscow Space Museum. Their pictures were used on postage stamps, and their story became the very popular Russian cartoon, Belka and Strelka - Star Dogs.
When did Belka and Strelka go into space?
1960, 1980, 2010
On what spacecraft did the dogs orbit the earth?
Soyuz 3, Sputnik 5, Voyager 2
How long were the dogs in space?
one day, one week, one month
What other animals went into space with the dogs?
monkeys, cats and frogs, mice and a rabbit
mice and a rabbit
Who was Fluffy?
another space dog, Strelka's puppy given to Caroline Kennedy, a Russian cartoon character
Strelka's puppy given to Caroline Kennedy
What is a sign that Belka and Strelka became stars?
Their pictures were on stamps., They got medals of honor., Both of these are correct.
Their pictures were on stamps.
What was the name of the cartoon made about Belka and Strelka?
Belka and Strelka - Space Dogs, Belka and Strelka - Soviet Space Dogs, Belka and Strelka - Star Dogs
Belka and Strelka - Star Dogs
You might like these other 3rd Grade Animal Stories:
Driving Has Gone to the Dogs
Want to go for a walk? Not these dogs.
How to Train Your Dog to Play Basketball
Make your dog a star!
What is an Aye-Aye?
Beware of the aye-aye's middle finger!
How the Zebra Got its Stripes
Find out by reading this tale from Uganda.
Full List of Reading Comprehension Animal Stories
Reading Comprehension Funny Stories
More 3rd Grade Reading Comprehension Stories
©Courseware Solutions Inc.


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Researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of USC will lead a study, to be conducted on board the upcoming Polaris Dawn mission, to test the potential of X-ray diagnostics on long space flights.
Spaceflights typically last a few days to a few months, so onboard medical treatment is mostly limited to first aid. Longer missions are on the docket, however, such as a 21-month roundtrip to and from Mars. As a result, in-flight space medicine is becoming critical for maintaining astronauts’ health.
This includes a need to upgrade diagnostic capabilities from ultrasound — the current standard — to X-rays, which will provide more accurate pictures of injuries and causes of illness. The latter has previously been avoided due to size and electricity requirements, so exploring ways to use the ambient radiation in space to collect X-ray images with minimal equipment.
To read the full story, click here.


Visit the Renovated Arlington’s David M. Brown Planetarium
Posted On: May 1
Arlington’s David M. Brown Planetarium is a beloved local institution. Thanks to bountiful community support, it was completely renovated and reopened with new projectors and exhibits in 2012, and the positive reviews are still rolling in.
You can take the whole family to a Stars Tonight show in the dome that explains what the night sky will look like in the coming days and weeks, and allows you to learn what constellations you should look for at this time of year. The prices here are very low ($5 for adults and $3 for kids), which means this planetarium can be a good choice when you want to enjoy a fun family outing without emptying your wallet. Insider tip: this planetarium is associated with the Arlington School District, and during school hours the facilities are reserved for school groups only, so be sure you plan your own visits for the weekend or evening.