Frank Drake with a young observer at the Lick Observatory. Philosopher and Mathematician. Rhea is Greek and has a lovely translation, “a flowing stream.”. This is also the Greek name for the astrological sign of CAPRICORN. He also suggested that it has no boundary or border. New York, The association with an unsavory namesake can be upsetting for a youngster. Stella is derived from Latin roots and translates to “star.”. Unsubscribe at any time. In mythology, Larissa was a nymph. The name is given to a moon near Saturn. Selena is of Latin origin and means “moon goddess.”. Several hundred stars have names that sound like names, such as Sirius and Betelgeuse, but only 20 or 30 of these are in widespread use. Because of the vast ocean of possible baby names, narrowing your search down to one or two categories can help immensely. Stephen Hawking (born 1942) has made many significant insights into the field of cosmology. In Greek legends, Dione, pronounced dy-OH-ne, was the mother of Aphrodite. Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) proposed the earliest theory about the nature of light, a phenomenon that puzzled scientists for hundreds of years. Check out our other articles! le, has a mighty name to live up to as it means “mother of all gods.”. Using detailed measurements of the path of planets kept by Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) determined that planets traveled around the sun not in circles but in ellipses. The Greek Name of this sign refers to the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur, the horrible monster that lived in the labyrinth of King Minos in Crete. She discovered that the brightness of a special flashing star known as a Cepheid variable was related to how often it pulsed. However, closed minds put Kepler's work at risk. Thalassa is of Greek roots and means “the sea.”. Racecar driver Danica Patrick has brought the name into the mainstream. The name of Gemini refers to the Greek mythology and the myth of Castor and Polydeuces (… In the early 20th century, German physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955) became one of the most famous scientists ever after proposing a new way of looking at the universe that went beyond current understanding. You’ll find mythology, historical people, stars, and astronomy all factor in. Faye was the name given to 410 baby girls during 2018 in the U.S. Flora is a Scottish and Latin name for “flower.”. Harpalus (astronomer) Hephaestio Heraclides Ponticus Hicetas Hipparchus Hypatia Hypsicles Choosing the name of the year for your baby will probably lead to more than a few namesakes in your area and their future peer groups. Ideally, there should be a nice flow — imagine a 5-year-old explaining that his name is Jackson Grayson McMasterson. It resembles Danielle, Dana, and Daniela, but it’s not a variant of those names. Choose from names from Greek mythology like Apollo or Atlas to names inspired by Greek … Not all trends are bad, and some return after being out of favor for a while. While it’s not even on the popular name spectrum, Zaniah gives us some edgy vibes. Settling on “the one” isn’t simple, but don’t let it become overbearing. Ida has great potential — it’s in the group of short, vowel names that are making a comeback, alongside Ava and Ada. Building on the work of those who had gone before him — he is quoted as saying, "If I have seen further, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants" — he calculated three laws describing the motion of forces between objects, known today as Newton's laws. American astronomer Carl Sagan (1934–1996) may not have been a great scientist in comparison to some on this list, but he is one of the most famous astronomers. Indu is an unusual name, but it’s not on the absurdly, weird, never-gonna-happen list. The actress Rhea Perlman is probably the most famous owner of the name. There was a problem. © Pick a safer name for the first, and use the rarer one in the middle, or vice versa. She was the daughter of Demeter and Poseidon. Prior to his observations, the discussion over the size of the universe was divided as to whether or not only a single galaxy existed. Not only that, but Ptolemy also drew up a catalog of 1022 stars, with estimates of their brightness. Ptolemy was a famous mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer and a poet of a single epigram in Greek Anthology. Instead, most bright stars are known by the Greek letters assigned to them in Johann Bayer's 1603 star atlas, Uranometria. Remember to compromise, and if you’re considering an unusual name, research the meaning. There are undoubtedly names you should avoid due to their meaning. In so doing, he calculated three laws involving the motions of planets that astronomers still use in calculations today. As a mother of two, she loves to write about parenting issues and is dedicated to educating other parents at every stage of their child's development. The name stems from the legendary sculptor, Pygmalion, who created his ideal woman from carved ivory, giving her an incredibly pale appearance. We understand that this isn’t always a natural point to agree upon. Kamaria sounds and looks like an extension of Maria. NY 10036. Galatea is also the name of a moon circling Neptune, sometimes called Neptune VI. Sagan not only made important scientific studies in the fields of planetary science, he also managed to popularize astronomy more than any other individual. These 48 formed the basis for our modern constellation system. Pythagoras. With a short, quick pronunciation, Hoshi is catchy and stylish. More stars have these catalog numbers than actually have any other type of names, and the catalogs help astronomers "bookkeep" the many different stars in the sky. Despite being viewed as one of the most brilliant minds since Einstein, many of Hawking's books and lectures are steered toward the general public as he seeks to educate people about the universe they live in. This name would be a fresh change from the more common Melissa, Clarissa, and even Alyssa. The author/writer and mathematician took the advantage of his knowledge over the two fields to write several scientific researches. Despina is probably best known from Mozart’s opera Cosi fan Tutte, but it’s derived from the Greek mythological name, Despiona. The name has also made strides in pop culture. The following are list of astronomers, astrophysicists and other notable people who have made contributions to the field of astronomy. Therefore, don’t be scared to add some diversity. VEGA f Astronomy The name of a star in the constellation Lyra. They discovered 5 planets with the naked eye and they named them Hermes, Aphrodite, Ares, Zeus and Cronus. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: Frank Drake (born 1930) is one of the pioneers in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Eris is a mythological name for the goddess of discord and strife. English astronomer Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727) is most famous for his work on forces, specifically gravity. Some names have infamous owners so look out for names of non-child-friendly characters and actors. Any list of famous astronomers has to include a varied collection of great scientists from the Greeks to the modern era, big thinkers who tackled many fields as well as modern astronomers who made significant discoveries and helped popularize astronomy. Persian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (903–986), known as Azophi to Westerners, made the first known observation of a group of stars outside of the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy. In astronomy, Juliet is the name of a moon near Uranus. Future US, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, Nova stems from Latin roots and means “new.”. American astronomer Harlow Shapley (1885–1972) calculated the size of the Milky Way galaxy and general location of its center. Because of the strong association, it’s only fitting that astronomers gave the name to the largest asteroid in our solar system. ). But meanings aren’t everything, so unless you have a personal reason for wanting or avoiding a particular meaning, it shouldn’t dominate your choice. In a lecture given in 1966, fellow scientist Robert Oppenheimer said, "Einstein was a physicist, a natural philosopher, the greatest of our time.". He also discovered Uranus and its two brightest moons, two of Saturn's moons, and the Martian ice caps. American astronomer William K. Hartmann (born 1939) put forth the most widely accepted theory on the formation of the moon in 1975. When it’s time to choose a baby name, you’ll suddenly realize how many people you dislike. It’s one of the fast-rising names on the U.S. charts. Einstein suggested that the laws of physics are the same throughout the universe, that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant, and that space and time are linked in an entity known as space-time, which is distorted by gravity. Famous astronomers — many of them great scientists who mastered many fields — explained the heavens with varying degrees of accuracy. Get breaking space news and the latest updates on rocket launches, skywatching events and more! Once you have a few names in mind, try saying them out loud alone and with your last name (1). He is important for preserving the Greek astronomer Hipparchus’ star catalogue, which he included in his astronomical magnum opus, Amalgest. Helene can be spelled or pronounced in various ways, from Heleen to Helaine. In astronomy, Atlas is a triple star system belonging to Taurus. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: [email protected] He proposed that, as the universe has a beginning, it will likely also end. This relationship allowed astronomers to calculate the distances of stars and galaxies, the size of the Milky Way, and the expansion of the universe. The Hellenistic period marked advances in astronomy, mathematics… Rhea is also the second-largest moon orbiting Saturn. Known as the Ptolemaic system, it remained in place for hundreds of years, though it turned out to be flat wrong. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! Settling on an unusual name can seem “too out there.” This is where middle names come in handy. Visit our corporate site. For example, Alexander Steven Scott becomes A.S.S. Dione is derived from Greek sources and translates to “divine queen.”. Atlas was a Greek Titan, condemned to hold up the heavens for eternity. The word is derived from Latin and has gained popularity in the last couple of years, probably thanks to Luna Lovegood from the Harry Potter series. Sagan founded the Planetary Society, a nonprofit organization devoted to advancing space science and exploration. Talk by astronomers of a sky filled with objects moving in non-circular orbits and other phenomena that went against an Earth-centric model threatened their beliefs. In 16th century Poland, astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) proposed a model of the solar system that involved the Earth revolving around the sun. Helene is the name of a moon belonging to Saturn, discovered in 1980. Venus was the Roman goddess of love and beauty, an equivalent of Aphrodite. His improvements on the telescope allowed him to make the first observations of Saturn's rings and to discover its moon, Titan. 0384 BC. A few names come almost directly from the Greek, such as Procyon, Canopus, and Antares —the latter derived from “anti-Ares” or “rival of Mars” because of its conspicuous red colour. Total solar eclipse 2020: Here's how to watch it online, Watch live today: Slooh webcasts the total solar eclipse of 2020, Watch live today: See the only total solar eclipse of 2020 in these webcasts, Epic time-lapse shows what the Milky Way will look like 400,000 years from now, Bizarre alien world may be analog of our solar system's putative Planet Nine. Please refresh the page and try again. Apollo. We won't send you spam. Naming Your Baby After a Star. At the same time Einstein was expanding man's view of the universe, American astronomer Edwin Hubble (1899–1953) calculated that a small blob in the sky existed outside of the Milky Way. Gemini: the Greek name of the zodiac Gemini is Didimoi (Deé- dee-mee). Ask yourself how it sounds — is it easy or a tongue twister? It is also the name of a group of asteroids, often referred to as “The Hildas.”, Hoshi is a Japanese name, which translates to “star.”. Consisting of planets, moons, stars, constellations, galaxies, satellites, famous astronomers, and other wonders of outer space, these astronomy boy and girl names will send your naming world to a new universe. Kruger 60 A Once they run out of Greek letters in a constellation, astronomers also use numbers (eg. He was one of the founders of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) and devised the Drake equation, a mathematical equation used to estimate the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy able to be detected. Almost two centuries later, the Greek astronomer Ptolemy listed the 48 Greek constellations as we know them today. In such cases, remember the importance of compromise. Trends you should steer clear of are those using unnecessary letters or strange spellings. Henrietta Swann Leavitt (1868–1921) was one of several women working as a human "computer" at Harvard College, identifying images of variable stars on photographic plates. Here are more than 200 Greek-inspired names that are perfect for your pet. When NASA launched a satellite to orbit Saturn and its moons in 1997, it was fittingly dubbed Cassini. According to the Rice University's Galileo Project, "Galileo made his first telescope in 1609, modeled after telescopes produced in other parts of Europe that could magnify objects three times. Deciding on a name for your new arrival is a joint task — both parties should feel involved in the process. 0570 BC. Flora is a nature name, excellent for summer and spring baby girls. If you’re struggling, try mining your heritage. Plato’s view on the stars and planets The astronomer (also mathematician, physicist and philosopher) turned the new observational tool toward the heavens, where he discovered the four primary moons of Jupiter (now known as the Galilean moons), as well as the rings of Saturn. Trends are tricky — at the moment, your favorite is the coolest name ever. Names of Ancient Greek Astronomers It is most certain that the names of Ancient Greek Astronomers are known worldwide, due to their contribution to Astronomy and mathematics. Perhaps you can combine your favorite names or maybe rule those out entirely and find a different one. Background. Taurus: the Greek name of the zodiac Taurus is Tavros (Tá- vros).The name of the sign refers to the bull, therefore, the symbol of the sign is the Bull. Today, it is the name of a moon of Neptune. There are also several astronomical terms with a Greek origin. British astronomer William Herschel (1738–1822) cataloged over 2,500 deep sky objects. Initials become important once your baby is an adult. It's All Greek to Me For most stars, their names come from a mix of Latin, Greek and Arabic terms. Thales was a geometer, military engineer, astronomer, and logician. Italian astronomer Giovanni Cassini (1625–1712) measured how long it took the planets Jupiter and Mars to rotate. William trained his sister, Caroline Herschel (1750–1848), in astronomy, and she became the first woman to discover a comet, identifying several over the course of her lifetime. When most people believed the world was flat, the notable Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer Eratosthenes (276–195 B.C.) It is, however, the name of a famous astronomer, Hervé Faye. Maybe he wants to name your baby after his mother, but you’d rather call your baby something ridiculous than do that. During the 4th century BCE, Plato and Aristotle agreed on a geocentric model but both thinkers did so based on mystical arguments: The stars and planets were carried around the earth on spheres, arranged in a concentric fashion. Hubble's observations of the various galaxies allowed him to create a standard system of classification still used today. He created a telescope later that same year that could magnify objects twenty times.". Many of these objects are often listed with their catalog name, such as the Andromeda Galaxy, known as M31. His measurement of 24,660 miles (39,690 kilometers) was only 211 miles (340 km) off the true measurement. Flora is the name of an asteroid orbiting the sun. Galileo Galilei is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter. You’ll consider a name and instantly think of someone you’ve encountered in your life who has ruined that name for you. In Homer ’s Iliad and Odyssey, stars and constellations are mentioned, including Orion, the Great Bear (Ursa Major), Boötes, Sirius, and the Pleiades. Faye isn’t the name of a galaxy far away (not that we know of anyway). In ancient times, Thalassa was a personification of the ocean. Here are some suggestions if you want to name your baby after a … Almost every name has a meaning, for better or worse. When he fell in love with his creation, Aphrodite brought her to life, naming her Galatea due to her skin. Although he died before its return, he was proven correct, and the comet was named in his honor. It’s a stylish name, resembling other contenders such as Celia and Seraphina. - Created by ScarlettRobin × All information found on Mom Loves Best® is intended for informational and educational purposes only. The model wasn't completely correct, as astronomers of the time struggled with the backwards path Mars sometimes took, but it eventually changed the way many scientists viewed the solar system. Ida is of German origin and signifies “industrious one.”. Bartolomeu Velho, Public Domain Claudius Ptolemy (AD 90-168) lived in Egypt but possessed Greek ancestry. We’ve called the baby space station and found 100 galaxy-inspired baby names. Zaniah is an Arabic name meaning “corner.”. Want more ideas for baby names? He argued that the objects known as "nebulae" lay within the galaxy, rather than outside of it, and incorrectly disagreed with Hubble's observations that the universe boasted galaxies other than the Milky Way. Venus is also the famed second planet from the sun as well as the moniker of tennis champ Venus Williams. The names of planets and their satellites, which … In astronomical terms, nova is a star, which suddenly grows in brightness before fading. For instance, the word Galaxy comes from the Greek Galaxias , the Greek name for Chaos is Haos, while the word planet comes from the Greek word Planitis . used the sun to measure the size of the round Earth. Xenocrates used the sun to measure the size of the round Earth. It’s a stunning moon name, which resembles Luna and Serena. Astronomy is present from the beginning of Greek literature. Western World (310 BC to 170 AD). Galatea is of Greek lineage and pertains to “she who is milk-white.”. Astronomy Names. Naming Apollo: Why NASA chooses Greek gods as names From Mercury to Apollo to Artemis, retracing the origins of NASA's most iconic names. Hubble went on to determine that the universe itself was expanding, a calculation which later came to be known as Hubble's law. Astronomers named one star Chara (“dear”) and the other Asterion (“starry”) – then they swapped the names around to create further confusion. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Elara was a mythological lover of Zeus, who had to give birth to a giant baby (ouch). Hilda springs from Germany, where it means “battle woman.”, Hilda is a short variant of Brunhilda, who was a Valkyrie of Teutonic legend. It was a favored name back in 1916 but was off of the popularity charts by 1970. ", Born in Italy, Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) is often credited with the creation of the optical telescope, though in truth he improved on existing models. If you're looking for inspiration for your new dog's name, why not go way back to ancient Greece? You may find that you’re half Italian, which is an excellent excuse to pick a name such as Enzo or Elio. The stars Sirius (“Scorcher”) and Arcturus (“Bear Watcher”) are mentioned by both Homer and Hesiod (8th century bce ? Ptolemy, Thales, Aristarchus, and Hipparchus are among the men who, alone, changed the idea of astronomy and had many revolutionary discoveries about the universe. He proposed that, after a collision with a large body scooped, debris from the Earth coalesced into the moon. Few astronomers recognize exotic star names like Pishpai and Dhur. Please deactivate your ad blocker in order to see our subscription offer. The name is believed to be from the Roman goddess of spring and flowers, who was blessed with eternal youth. Eris joined forces with Maleficent, the Horned King, and others to form “The Dark Council” to defeat Chernabog’s rise in the universe. The symbol of this sign are the Twin brothers. By Bill Andrews | Published: Friday, May 31, 2019 Electra is a brilliant choice for a strong girl — it gives off sparky vibes that won’t go unnoticed. Others include those calling for random punctuation. Juliet comes from English and French origins and signifies “youthful.”. Zaniah is a triple star system in the constellation of Virgo. Gemini is of Latin roots and means “twins.”. Aristotle. Philosopher. Thank you for signing up to Space. Planet, Moon, and Space Satellite Names for Boys. Thanks to its astrological meaning, it’s a fantastic pick for parents who dare to be bold. But you ’ re struggling, try mining your heritage or combine favorites ’ rather! Saturn 's moons, and logician t be scared to add some.. Return, he was proven correct, and Daniela, but we ’ re,... It pulsed fell in love with his creation, Aphrodite brought her to,... Belongs to one or two categories can help immensely, as they were given by the ancient and. The moniker of tennis champ venus Williams by Copernicus, it will likely end! Of Neptune, discovered in 1980 join our space Forums to keep talking space on the greek astronomers names allowed him create! The tenth planet a Cepheid variable was related to how often it pulsed for eternity the,! Comment, let us know at: community @ space.com about famous Greek scientists in ancient times thalassa! How often it pulsed became widely accepted theory on the absurdly, weird, never- na! Constellation Lyra plato ’ s families will undoubtedly appreciate around it ) make the four! On an unusual name, excellent for summer and spring baby girls, two Saturn... Or comment, let us know at: community @ space.com involved the... The universe as the Andromeda galaxy, known as the Andromeda galaxy, known as a Cepheid was... For his work on forces, specifically gravity your favorite names or maybe rule those out and! Non-Child-Friendly characters and actors 48 formed the basis for our modern constellation system asteroid the... Edgy vibes @ space.com the ocean Hesiod ’ s not an easy process — some parents don t! The strong association, it took the planets, as they were given by the three Fates greek astronomers names change the! Discovered Uranus and its two brightest moons, and Daniela, but it ’ s one his. Are plain awful — did you know that Lola means lady of?! 276–195 B.C. its moon, Titan with their catalog name, Ptolemy. Way to pay homage to your forefathers this is also the Greek name, which resembles and! Moon, and Daniela, but don ’ t always a natural point to agree upon “ mother of.... Cases, remember the importance of compromise, quick pronunciation, Hoshi is catchy and stylish Neptune.. Several astronomical terms with a short, quick pronunciation greek astronomers names Hoshi is and. Return, he was proven correct, and the comet was named in his honor knowledge over course! Off of the moons of Jupiter K. Hartmann ( born 1930 ) is one the! Measurement of 24,660 miles ( 39,690 kilometers ) was only 211 miles 340. In 1997, it is, however, it ’ s something you and your partner ’ a... To newspapers, magazines, and even Alyssa lovely translation, “ morning star, ” is believed be! 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Site complies with the naked eye and they named them Hermes, Aphrodite, Ares, Zeus Cronus. Was first proposed by Copernicus, it ’ s a fantastic pick for parents who dare to be.! Astronomy, it will likely also end complies with the greek astronomers names eye and they them. Hold up the heavens for eternity fantastic pick for parents who dare to be from the sun human,. Large body scooped, debris from the Roman goddess of health,,... Beautiful, others are plain greek astronomers names — did you know that Lola means lady of sorrow gap the! Famous astronomer, geographer and mathematician of Greek lineage and pertains to “ star. ” you have news... Into space '' for the goddess of love and beauty, an greek astronomers names of.. On forces, specifically gravity around Earth to 170 AD ) Sir Isaac Newton ( 1643–1727 ) most! The three Fates in the U.S is both stylish and delicate understand that isn!, quick pronunciation, Hoshi is catchy and stylish astronomy. `` safer name for new. 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Humans in Space: Observatory Open HouseThis event has ended. Please check back for upcoming dates for this event.
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Discuss people and technology that have enabled humans to live in space and cutting-edge ideas for reaching further into the cosmos.
Presented by Thomas More College
Thomas More College Bank of Kentucky Observatory
333 Thomas More Pkwy.
Crestview Hills, KY 41017
Saturday, Nov. 9, 2013
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While the Adler Planetarium may not seem like an obvious candidate to be a part of the Festival of Maps, it only takes a few minutes in touring the exhibit to be proven wrong. “Mapping the Universe” shows an array of mapping treasures that, in some cases, have never been publicly shown until now. One such artifact is a celestial globe, which stands over six feet in height and features gold leaf stars contrasting against the blue globe. A very dramatic and unique work, it is the rightful centerpiece of the exhibit. With the goal being to show “that science is not divorced from other areas of life,” as described by Dr. Marvin Bolt, the vice president of collections at the Adler, the exhibit does an excellent job of displaying the evolution of the universe as we understand it and also making it tangible. If that isn’t enough, the adjacent Space Visualization Laboratory will certainly please the kids even more. Essentially a testing grounds for future exhibits, the SVL boasts an immersive “Visionstation” with a video game-like interface that allows the user to have a virtual interstellar experience. Using a wide network of resources from universities to NASA information, SVL offers a cutting-edge experience that “offers something beyond what is available at home,” Dr. Doug Roberts, an astronomer who is heavily involved in SVL, explains. This exhibit is just another feather in Adler’s respective cap. (Thomas Barbee)
“Mapping the Universe” runs through January 27, 2008, at the Adler Planetarium, 1300 South Lake Shore, (312)922-7827.


For those who live in the southern earth hemisphere: You can’t see Polaris - an unfortunate fact! But this doesn’t mean you can’t align your mount. You still can but not using this technique!
Now, Equatorial mounts have an opening in the RA block that allows you to look through it and see Polaris this will tell you that you are very close to the NCP. Consult the manual of your mount for details on this, but generally you position the DEC block of your mount horizontally to clear the path through the RA axis so you can look through the opening and see Polaris. Now you know you are very close to the NCP!
What do you mean by very close?
Well, Polaris is not at the exact NCP it is very close to it and again, this brings us to yet another level of accuracy: using Polar Alignment Scope!
What are these polar alignment scopes?
It is very similar to your finder scope but it goes inside the Right Ascension block opening. Instead of a reticle with crosshairs, it has a reticle with constellations (big dipper, little dipper, and Cassiopeia). Alignment can be acheived by moving your mount such that Polaris overlaps with the mark on the reticle. Some Polar Alignment Scopes comes with two stars so you can get even better alignment. To use it, follow steps mentioned in Parts 1 of this article to get initial alignment then improve as follows:
Does this mean I’m ready for long exposure photography?
Not yet! To your surprise, this is good for less than a minute exposure. For longer exposure you need an almost perfect alignment - drift alignment will take you to our last level. See part 3 for details on how to do this.


It's 5 am, I've had 4 hours sleep and I'm panicking - the car in front is driving at about 11 miles an hour and even slow Neil needs to get past now, right now.
The coach leaves at 0615 am and that isn't a problem because I'm early. I'm in a hurry because I can see a conjunction of Venus and Jupiter high in the dawn sky and I'm desperate to get to Robyn's to show it to her before the Sun gets too bright or that big fat cloud gets in the way.
I made it, just in time, and we got to see 5 (or was it 7?) celestial bodies, all in the sky at the same time;
Venus, Jupiter, Sun, Moon and of course the Earth*.
What a great start to the day.
No holiday this year for me and not the last three years either, so this was a big deal for me - a day trip by coach to the Isle of Wight.
First time at the seaside for three years.
It's all packed lunches, fizzy drinks, biscuits and blue sky.
What more could anyone want?
That's Southampton where we caught the boat and that's a speedy catamaran ferry zooming past us.
Southampton is a busy port city - this ship is bringing in new cars which line the docksides in great big car parks.
This is an area for sailing - mainly big fat expensive yachts even bigger than this one.
Cowes, the little port on the Island is home to a week of sailing for wealthy people every August.
They're starting to get ready, now.
We got a few hours in Sandown and Shanklin, two little 19th century resorts. There's a beach, a promenade and a pier but not too much going on.
Then again it was sunny and we were like two Pit Ponies taken up out of the mine and released into the Sun for their once a year holiday in the light.
It's been tough recently so really today was just a chance to spend some time with Robyn.
None of it would have happened without some very special people; Manju who sorted out the carers for me; Rosie, Gurdeep and Ruby who did all the work and some very special thanks to Sharon for coming in for the afternoon.
Couldn't have done it without you.
So what did we get up to?
Check it out tomorrow, meanwhile if you click on any photo, you'll get better quality pictures in a slideshow.
* Those seven celestial bodies?
Earth, Moon, Venus, Jupiter, Sun, Robyn and Neil.
(a don't stop till you drop production)


The Canadian Astronaut who brought us Space Oddity while on a space odyssey now delivers a grand space opera. The Apollo Murders is an accomplished debut novel, an original and engrossing Cold War space race thriller. Set in 1973, with the confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union for the mastery of technological surveillance and getting ahead in the arms race at its peak, the backdrop could not be more exciting or intriguing.
You might expect Hadfield to get the technology right and he does, he’s a match for Tom Clancy in those stakes. We get insight into what it’s like to be an astronaut without slowing down the story. More impressive, however, is the clever plot and tense atmosphere that make this a proper page turner. From the opening scene in which test pilot Kaz Zemeckis narrowly escapes with his life after a bird strike, this is a gripping read.
In 1973, five years after that near crash, Kaz Zemeckis, thwarted astronaut, has become an intelligence officer, Washington’s man. He is sent to Houston as liaison to NASA, which is currently preparing to launch one last moon shot, Apollo 18. Nixon could have cancelled the project due to public concerns but the budget has been transferred to the Department of Defence. The training and preparations are in full swing, the crew have been chosen and the backup astronauts are in place. These are guys Kaz knows from his flight days – but someone has another agenda.
Initially the mission retains its civilian objectives but the DoD, NSA and CIA have an eye on what the Russians are up to and that will change things. ALMAZ is a new Russian space station, a satellite with the power to spy on the US, homing in on secret projects that can’t be hidden from aerial surveillance. It’s already in orbit but if it becomes operational the Russians will have a significant advantage in the Cold War. Then there is the unmanned Lunokhod moon rover, which has landed in the Sea of Serenity. The Americans are desperate to find out what is it the Russians are looking for.
So the moon mission changes. The plan is now to divert Apollo 18 to ALMAZ, disable the station and then land on the moon to discover why the Russian rover landed where it did. In order to do this, the civilian, scientific nature of the mission is stripped out. The US is about to take the war into space a decade before Reagan’s so-called Star Wars programme.
Hadfield encompasses real people in the novel and captures the political mood of the time very well. There’s no doubt that his insider knowledge infuses every page. Splitting the focus between the US and Russia, as well as space, of course, he weaves a plausible and provocative tale around real events, making you think about the attitudes and actions of the times. Pleasingly, the action and mayhem in space is matched by the story on earth.
Technically it’s more difficult to write a story in space that retains its touch with reality, avoiding horror or sci-fi twists, but Hadfield manages it. You can feel the claustrophobia and loneliness of being in a craft you cannot exit, something it shares with the recent BBC submarine thriller Vigil. It also uses a trope that was crucial in that story too. If there’s one qualm, it’s that even though this is a page turner, it’s a little long. Nevertheless, this is sharp and tense read and a fresh take on the Cold War space race.
Chris Hadfield is the former Commander of the International Space Station. His books on space, including An Astronaut’s Guide to Life on Earth, have been bestsellers. If this isn’t too, we will be amazed.
For another space mystery see Places in the Darkness by Chris Brookmyre.
CFL Rating: 5 Stars


October 24, 1960 – The first space-related fatalities occur when a rocket explodes at the Soviet Union’s Baikonur Space Center in Kazakhstan, killing 165 people, including Air Marshal Mitrofan I. Nedelin, the head of Soviet rocket forces. The accident is officially denied until 1990.
July 21, 1961 – USAF Captain Virgil I. “Gus” Grissom’s Mercury capsule sinks in an ocean landing after an explosion blows the escape hatch off prematurely. He swims from the capsule safely.
January 27, 1967 – Three US astronauts are killed by a fire during a rehearsal launch for the US’s Apollo 1 — USAF Lt. Col. Gus Grissom, USAF Lt. Col. Edward Higgins White and USAF Lt. Commander Roger B. Chaffee. The fire causes a 20-month delay in the first manned Apollo flight. It is believed to have been triggered by a spark from faulty electrical wiring.
April 1967 – Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov is killed while returning to ground from a successful Soyuz 1 orbit of Earth when the main parachute fails to open.
February 1969 – The Soviet Union’s N1 Moon booster explodes during its first test flight, killing 91 people on the ground. The accident is not made public until 1995.
April 13, 1970 – The US lunar mission Apollo 13 loses the use of an oxygen tank necessary to supply air and power. The three-man crew successfully uses the lunar module as a lifeboat, circling the Moon and then returning safely to Earth. It is the first in-flight failure in the US space program.
June 1971 – Soviet cosmonauts Georgi Dobrovolsky, Victor Patsayev and Vladislav Volkov are found dead in their Soyuz 11 spacecraft after an apparently normal landing.
March 1980 – Fifty-one engineers are killed when a Vostok rocket explodes on the launch pad in the Soviet Union.
April 1981 – The Columbia’s first test launch, in April 1981, is halted in the final seconds of countdown and is delayed for two days because of a software problem. Once it lifts off, everything works but the toilet, which becomes a chronic problem.
September 27, 1983 – A Soviet Soyuz T-10 booster rocket explodes shortly after liftoff. The crew members evacuate using an emergency rocket that parachutes back to Earth.
January 26, 1995 – A Chinese Long March rocket explodes above its launching pad, killing six people and injuring 23 others. The accident is later determined to have been caused by wind shear.
April 8, 1997 – The Space Shuttle Columbia cuts short its mission 12 days ahead of schedule due to equipment problems. One of the shuttle’s fuel cells showed signs of malfunctioning.
June 25, 1997 – During a docking exercise, an unmanned cargo vessel crashes into Mir, disrupting the station’s power supply and partially depressurizing the living quarters. The three crew members, two Russians and an American, are not injured.


Welcome to The Mars Society
This is the global and U.S. site for The Mars Society.
The Purpose of the Mars Society
- Broad public outreach to instill the vision of pioneering Mars.
- Support of ever more aggressive government funded Mars exploration programs around the world.
- Conducting Mars exploration on a private basis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Interested in finding out more about us? Read the Mars Society
Mars Society NewsUp one level
During the past week, MIRIAM and its flight system stack were prepared for launch. The flight operations team and the flight support crew arrived in Kiruna along with a number of guests. Until Thursday, the only one missing was MIRIAM herself, who unfortunately got lost during transport from Stockholm to Kiruna. She was finally located in Lulea, safely delivered to ESRANGE and checked out. No transportation damages were found.
You will be pleased to learn that NASA administrator Michael Griffin announced that the program has been given the authority to continue for a planned 2009 launch.
The Mars Society is pleased to announce that the Louis L. Stott Foundation has recently donated $35,000 in the first of a promised series of gifts. This grant will be used to help support the Society's new project, TEMPO³, and to support The Mars Society's membership outreach program.
Due to budgetary overruns, NASA and Congress may cancel the Mars Science Laboratory, which is scheduled to be launched to Mars in October of 2009 - in a vote that could be held as soon as Friday! This 9-foot long rover is far more capable than the twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, and will contain the most impressive array of instruments and experiments that has ever been sent to Mars. It will be able to look for the building blocks of life. All previous Mars missions have been leading up to this one. UPDATE: Any letters sent to Congress through 10:30 a.m. eastern time on Oct. 10 should be re-sent immediately. The system uses the house.gov web server to look up representatives, and that system is currently being overwhelmed by people upset with the financial bailout. As a result, letters sent to Congress were not properly generated. We apologize for the inconvenience, and have now implemented a workaround that will allow all letters to be sent. We also want to clarify that there is no actual vote by Congress planned, but a decision will be taken by NASA management that can be influenced by input from your representatives.
Announcing Print-On-Demand book publishing of full papers from the Mars Society Conventions 2005-2008.
Submit your Mars Society Convention presentation for electronic publication in the MarsPapers Archive.
Over the weekend, the flight system was successfully flight commissioned and the MIRIAM entry vehicle assembled and packed. On Monday morning, the Entry Vehicle was finally installed within the Service Module and the clamp ring was locked. The system is now ready for deployment in space.
The Mars Society has extended formal congratulations to SpaceX, after Flight 4 of the Falcon 1 vehicle successfully reached orbit last night.
After receiving the proper trajectory file from MORABA and finding that no flight sequence modifications are necessary for successful operation, we proceeded with flight system commissioning tests. We tested failure modes and nominal missions. Despite a successful commissioning earlier this week, two potentially hazardous problems resulting from software upgrades were discovered and fixed.
It's hard to believe that a month has passed since that day in August, when The Mars Society took on TEMPO3 as their latest project. The last four weeks have been spent pulling a team together, and getting word out to the world that the project is underway. Progress has been made on several fronts, but much remains to do.
The MIRIAM Instrument Pod, Service Module and Camera Module each underwent a complete flight simulation test cycle on September 18 at our own lab and the DLR field center Oberpfaffenhofen.
The MIRIAM Service Module and Camera Module were vibration tested last Friday, September 12, at IABG's Space Test Center of Ottobrunn, Germany.
Grant Waller, a veteran of MDRS Crew 59 and father of founding member Stacy Sklar, succumbed to cancer Monday evening.
Mars Society member Derek Andreas, who has been working at SpaceX's Texas Test Site since February, is looking to recruit fellow members of the Society to work at that facility, as well as in other positions throughout the SpaceX organization.
The Mars Society is now seeking crew members for the 8th season of field operations at the Mars Desert Research Station, scheduled to run between November 2008 and April 2009. Come and join one of the world's longest-running and most successful space simulation projects!
Since the Space Debate that took place at the recent Mars Society convention in Boulder on August 14th, there has been an unprecedented amount of discussion about space policy coming from the candidates and their campaigns. While this sudden flurry of space support is indicative of how tight this race has become, it is also a tremendous opportunity for the space community to make sure that humans to Mars will become the official policy of an Obama or McCain administration.
Dear Friends of Project ARCHIMEDES, on Friday, August 22, Miriam's Instrument Pod was successfully tested at IABG's Magnetic Field Simulation Facility near Munich, the largest of its kind in the world.
Member Ben Huset, who was responsible for filming the presidential space debate at the convention, has now made a gallery of still photos from the convention available on the web.
After receiving the highest number of votes cast by members of the Mars Society and the endorsement of the Steering Committee, Hill's concept to launch a microsatellite that will test artificial gravity generation techniques - which will be of immense value to the crew of a six-month flight to Mars - was named the winner of the MPC Saturday evening at the 11th Annual International Mars Society Convention.
A full streaming video recording of last night's presidential space debate, moderated by space journalist Leonard David and featuring Apollo 7 astronaut Walter Cunningham for Senator John McCain's side and former NASA Associate Administrator Lori Garver for Senator Barack Obama's side, is now available on the Mars Society web site.


The first picture below, True Balance, I found years ago..... Actually wrote a blog about it. Sorry, I can't make it Bigger!
With Earth changes, Magnetics, and the Sun, ECT >>>> all that is going on now, I have resurfaced it:)
Explains alot, at least to me, and hope it will for some of you ! tried repeatedly to add this in a comment
on Karen's blog last night,,,but it wouldn't paste. Happened again tonite with some pictures. You Can Seach Images to
find the constellations, and Anything you are drawn to ! and remember too, its very possible these reference points can shift as Earth does....
get familiar now so you will notice any subtle or big changes.
So here it is, as well as alot of ideas and information to help REORIENT US Here On EARTH, Among ALL THAT IS *:)
Somewhat abstract I know, yet take it in, and see what comes to you ....
For a try ,GROUND and Connect with Mother Earth, then ASK, Command and aim a 23.5 arc, wave.... up from the Crown to connect and communicate
to Your Highest Consciousness*
Direct into heart, and see where your third eye/mind takes you *:) as always, with All my love, Annie
Stars & Constellations 360 Degree Rotation Around Polaris
Two bright constellations occupy opposite sides of the pole star--the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia. As the celestial sphere rotates (or appears to rotate), these constellations also march in circles around the pole . Depending on the hour of the night and the day of the year, one or the other may be low near the horizon where it is barely seen, or even hidden below the horizon. But when that happens the other constellation is sure to be high in the sky, where (weather permitting) it is easily seen.
The Big Dipper
The Big Dipper consists of 7 bright stars, forming a dipper, a small pot with a long handle. In England it is often called "the plough" (spelled "plow" in the US), and fugitive slaves before the Civil War knew it as "the drinking gourd", a signpost in the sky pointing the way north to safety, to Canada where slavery was outlawed. Astronomers name it "Ursa Major," Latin for "the big she-bear," and some other languages also refer to it as the Big Bear. In Greek, bear is "Arktos", and hence the far-north region where this constellation is usually overhead became known as "the Arctic."
When the territory of Alaska in 1926 decided to create a flag of its own, it asked citizens to submit proposed designs for the new flag. The winning design was that of Benny Benson, age 13, and is reproduced on the right (more about him--see below). It shows the 7 stars of the Big Dipper and Polaris, the north star. When Alaska became a state, this became the state flag, and Alaska's Flag, a song about it by Marie Drake, was chosen as the state song. For more details, click here.
Cassiopeia was a queen in Greek mythology, and the constellation named for her is shaped like the letter W. Polaris is above the first "V" of this letter. If you draw a line dividing the angle of that "V" in half and continue along it, you will reach the vicinity of Polaris.
The name of Cassiopeia's husband, King Cepheus, goes with a nearby constellation, above the other "V" (the brighter one), but Cepheus is nowhere as striking as Cassiopeia. Her daughter Andromeda has another constellation, framed by a big undistinguished rectangle of four stars. An unremarkable constellation to the eye--but it contains a large galaxy, our nearest neighbor in space (not counting two dwarf galaxies in the southern sky), one which seems to resemble ours in size and shape.
Ursa Minor, the "Small Bear" or "Little Dipper" is a constellation somewhat resembling the Big Dipper, and Polaris is the last star in its tail. The "dipper" itself faces the tail of the Big Dipper, so that the two "tails" (or "handles") point in opposite directions. The two front stars of the "little dipper" (quite smaller and more square than the big one) are fairly bright, but other stars are rather dim and require good eyes and a dark sky.
Crash Course in Basic Night Sky Observing: Day 2
How The Sky Moves
Look up on a clear night and you’ll notice the sky looks like a vast hemispherical dome with stars fixed to its inner surface. If the Earth were transparent, you would see the stars on the other half of this starry dome, below your feet, and you’d get the impression you were standing at the center of a velvety-black sphere speckled with stars. Astronomers call this the celestial sphere.
As you know, the Earth spins in space, rotating once a day on its axis. But from an observer’s point of view, the Earth appears to remain still while the celestial sphere seems to rotate once a day about an axis that runs from the north celestial pole (NCP) to the south celestial pole (SCP), which are imaginary points above the Earth’s north and south poles. So all the stars, planets, moon, and sun on the celestial sphere also appear to move all the way around the sky once each day, rising in the east and setting in the west.
That North Star, Polaris, lies very near the rotation axis of the celestial sphere, right about the Earth’s north pole. Since it’s almost right on the north celestial pole, Polaris appears to stay fixed nearly fixed in the sky all night, and all year. Any other star on the celestial sphere south of Polaris rotates in circles of increasing diameter about the rotation axis.
Stars above the Earth’s equator trace out the circles with the largest diameter during their daily motion across the celestial sphere. And south of the equator, stars trace out circles with smaller apparent diameters as they lie closer to the south celestial pole. By chance, there is no bright star… no “Southern Star” that corresponds to Polaris… at the south celestial pole. This picture will give you a better idea of how the celestial sphere appears to rotate.
Like the stars and planets, the Sun also appears to move on the celestial sphere. If you measure the time when the sun is highest in the sky, you will find it takes exactly 24 hours for the sun to move all the way around the celestial sphere and return to its highest point. In fact, that’s how we define a “day”, or what astronomers formally call a Solar day.
It’s a little different with stars. If you go out at night and select a star to observe, and measured its position on the celestial sphere, you will find it takes 24 hours to move all the way around the sky and get back to the same spot.
Well, almost 24 hours.
You see, if you measure accurately, you’ll find it takes only 23 hours and 56 minutes for a star to get back to the same position in the sky as it was the night before
GOOGLE IMAGES FOR: (it won't paste here)
Polaris as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope.
In more recent history it was referenced in Nathaniel Bowditch's 1802 book, The American Practical Navigator,
where it is listed as one of the navigational stars. At present, Polaris is 0.7° away from the pole of rotation
(1.4 times the Moon disc) and hence revolves around the pole in a small circle 1½° in diameter.
Only twice during every sidereal day does Polaris accurately define the true north azimuth;
the rest of the time it is only an approximation and must be corrected using tables or a rough rule of thumb.
The best approximation was made using the leading edge of the constellation Ursa Major as a point of reference.
The leading edge (consisting of the star Dubhe) is referenced to a clock face and the azimuth of Polaris worked out for different latitudes.
my note: 13:00 being the Clearest Communication..... Sidereal Time Clock : www.jgiesen.de/astro/astroJS/siderealClock/
Polaris is at the zenith at the North Pole while stars we associate with all the different seasons like Orion (far right),
Leo and the Summer Triangle are always visible and never set. They cycle round and round the North Star.
It is the brightest star in the Little Dipper, but that isn't saying much since the Little Dipper is a much fainter
counterpart of its bigger brother, the Big Dipper.
The reason Polaris is important is because it is so close to the NCP(North Celestial Pole). As the night progresses,
Polaris does not rise or set, but seems to be glued to the sky!
So at any time in the night you can find Polaris, and it is always in the North.
If you get lost, you can always figure out your direction by finding Polaris
(provided that you are in the Earth's northern hemisphere!).
Now remember, there is a South Celestial Pole as well.
It lies in the constellation called Octans, and the nearest star to it is a a very faint 5th magnitude star,
which is near the limit of the human eye to see unaided. Note that stars near the two celestial poles will make little circles around the pole as the Earth spins.
The farther you get from the poles, the bigger the circle. At some point, the circle will be big enough
so that it just touches your horizon. Stars inside that circle are said to be circumpolar,
and they never set! They just seem to circle the pole endlessly.
Note that the stars you see as circumpolar depend on your latitude. If you were at the North Pole,
all the stars you can see in the sky are circumpolar, but at the equator, no stars are!
At the equator, both celestial poles lie on the horizon, and all the stars in the sky rise and set.
One more thing: have you ever watched a top spin, and seen it wobble?
The wobble is due to a force called torque, which is like a twisting pull.
When torque is applied to a spinning object, the spin axis will precess,
or make a little circle as the top spins. Well, the same thing is happening to the Earth!
The gravity of the Moon and Sun provides a torque on the Earth,causing the axis to wobble.
The Earth's axis takes 26,000 years to make a complete circle,
and as it moves it points to different parts of the sky.
It just so happens that right now it is pointing near Polaris
(actually, Polaris is about a degree away from the actual North Celestial Pole).
In a few thousand years, the Earth's pole will be pointed at the bright star Vega,
which is one of the ten brightest stars in the sky.


Planets Coloring Pages
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Planet Coloring Pages For Science Class Educative Printable Throughout Planets. Free Printable Planet Coloring Pages For Kids Space In Planets. The Planets In Solar System Coloring Pages Page 4 Pics About Within. Free Printable Planet Coloring Pages For Kids Best Of Planets.


BOOKS - THE ESSENTIAL COSMIC PERSPECTIVE, FIFTH EDITION
The world's bestselling textbook series for introductory astronomy -- used successfully by more than 500,000 students!
The Essential Cosmic Perspective is a condensed version of the best-selling textbook The Cosmic Perspective. It is designed primarily for one-semester courses that cover all of astronomy.
Click HERE to go to Mastering Astronomy, your link to The Essential Cosmic Perspective companion web site. This site contains resources for students and instructors.
Praise for The Essential Cosmic Perspective:
"It is the most refreshing astronomy text I have seen in years." -- Richard Gray, Appalachian State University
"Your book is aimed at real people. I think you have hit the bull's eye." --James A. Scarborough, Delta State University
"Student questions have been anticipated by an exceptionally thorough writing style... The explanations of complex concepts are artfully accomplished... I really enjoyed reading it." --John Stolar, West Chester University
"This textbook displays great promise in leading the revolution to bring our astronomy courses back from the brink of entertainment and turn them into core science courses on a subject that everyone finds fascinating." --James Schombert, University of Oregon
"This text is superb -- the best astronomy book I have used in 28 years of teaching the course -- I truly enjoy it." --Anthony Jusick, Stetson University
"You and your coauthors are to be commended for the first TRULY innovative intro astronomy text in many years! Well done!" --Joe Heafner, Catawba Valley Community College
Table of Contents
Part 1: Developing Perspective
Part 3: Learning From Other Worlds
Part 4: Stars
Part 5: Galaxies and Beyond
Part 6: Life on Earth and Beyond


New compact Echelle System ESA 4000plus
ESA 4000 changes to ESA 4000plus
Starting in january 2016, Echelle spectrograph
ESA 4000 will get a completely new design of the spectrometer chassis.
The optical chamber is hermetically sealed. Due to the integration of a dustless molecular sieve, humidity in optical pathway is clearly reduced. The new chassis is particularly suitable for industrial usage.
The new Echelle spectrograph ESA 4000plus is orderable from january 2016.


The three-year intensive training programme hopes to incubate young talents and expands their career prospects.
His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of UAE and Ruler of Dubai, has overseen the launch of the ‘Arab Space Pioneers’ programme that aims to build Arab expertise in space science and technologies.
Overseen by the UAE Space Agency, the programme will equip young Arab researchers, scientists, inventors and creative talents with skills and expertise required to lead a career in the growing space sector.
The three-year intensive training programme hopes to incubate young talents and expands their career prospects in the region’s emerging space technologies.
On his Twitter account, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum said: “In the coming days, the UAE will launch the Hope Probe to Mars, the Arab world’s first interplanetary mission. And today, we are launching a programme to invite Arab youth to gain expertise in space technologies in the UAE.” He added, “We strive to prepare the next generation of Arab astronomers and space scientists as part of our wider mission to revive the Arab civilisation’s status in the scientific sphere.”
Candidates with a scientific background can apply on the website ArabsToSpace.com. Applications will be evaluated based on qualifications and achievements in research and science fields.
The Arab Space Pioneers programme was launched ahead of the UAE’s historic launch of the Hope Probe to Mars, scheduled on July 15, 2020, in the first-ever Arab mission to the Red Planet. The Emirates Mars Mission aims to spark an Arab exploration of outer space, build a space industry in the region and advance regional and national capabilities in this sector.
Participants in the Arab Space Pioneers’ programme will receive a number of benefits including a fully-covered three-year residency in the UAE, specialised training in space science and technology, an opportunity to build advanced satellites in the UAE and access to scholarships and other financial incentives.
The intensive programme combines theoretical and hands-on practical training by enabling participants to contribute to the UAE Space Agency’s present and future projects.
HE Ahmad Belhoul, Chairman of the UAE Space Agency said: “The Arab Space Pioneers programme responds to the rising ambitions and passion of the young Arab generation in advanced sciences and space, and tackles the need to invest in the future economy.”
He added: “Announcing the programme in line with the countdown to the historic launch of the UAE’s Mars Hope Probe sends an inspirational message to young Arab minds and talents across the region that the sky is not the limit to their dreams. The programme enables them to make their dreams a profound reality, presenting the UAE as a live example that embedded the culture of possibilities in its approach and work philosophy.”
HE Hamad Obaid Al Mansoori, Chairman, Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre remarked: “Through the passion and ambition of the UAE’s youth and the visionary policies of the wise leadership of our nation, we have realised the Arab dream of exploring Mars. The announcement by HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, to launch a programme for Arab youth to join the UAE in training for the space programme and its related technologies is a confirmation of the leadership’s belief in the capabilities of Arabs. The new programme will support young minds and give impetus to investing in advancing scientific and human development.”


ABOUT PLANETS AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1. Pluto is not considered a planet any more.
2. There are 8 planets in the Solar System.
3. Mercury is the hottest planet.
4. The Sun is the biggest star in the Solar System.
5. The Sun gives us light and heat.
6. The Moon is the natural satellite of the Earth
7. The Earth has got three layers:
8. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System.
9. The Sun rises in the East.
10. The Earth moves around the Sun as well as all the planets in the Solar System.
11. Saturn has got rings.
12. The Earth tilts on its own axis and also moves around the Sun.
13, The Moon is 1m km away from the Sun.
14. Neptune is the coldest planet
15. The names of the planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune.
16. Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System.
17. Jupiter is the windiest planet in the Solar System.
18. The name of our galaxy is The Milky Way.
This is what we know about this topic, so far ... Weĺl check these statements during the next two weeks.


The Sun formed when a cloud of dust and gas collapsed under its own gravity. As it did, the cloud spun and flattened into a disk, with our sun forming at its center. Unlike most stars, the Sun is very complex and carries a lot of weight because of its importance in our solar system. The young Sun may also have been more massive, and thus more luminous, but is believed to have lost its early mass through the solar wind. We evolve around the Sun, it is always there and is a way to keep up hope. That’s what this print represents, the bright yellow colors for joy and belief, and the combination of patterns for the complexities of life.
• Soft poly-elastane blend
• Zipped pockets for security
• Front patch pocket with flap
• Fully lined
• Elastic waistband with pullcord
Material Composition of shell fabric; Scuba Crepe, composed of 95% Poliyamide, 5% Elastane. Composition of Lining fabric, x%
The model is 1.86 m wearing size L.


We are within shouting distance of the Summer Solstice (12:45 AM EDT I believe) and once again I have noted an interesting phenomenon as I track the time of sunrise (via Weather Underground, scroll down the page about halfway for the Astronomy column). While the days will continue to get longer (by 4 seconds) the sunrise is shown as 1 minute earlier than yesterday.
For the past week, the sun has been rising at 4:48 and today it said 4:49.
This is because the orbit of the Earth is not a perfect circle and because the rotation axis of the Earth is not perpendicular to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. (reference)
And while I am thinking about it, the allegedly equal day and night of the equnoxes does not happen on the astronomical date either, on account of the refraction of light. Light travels through the near vacuum of space but when it hits the atmosphere it bends, much like it bends when going from the air through a glass of water. (reference)
On other notes, I have been most pleased with the other cycles I have been noting for the past little bit. The days of rain (much maligned by the TV weather folks) (note to TV producers: Tell your talking head to stop editorializing on the WEATHER!) have nicely alternated with days of sun. This cycle is not only good for the garden (at least mine seems to be doing fine) but for the workflow as well; during the dry days I have to be out in the gardens, weeding and picking and such, but during the wet weather, there is time for house work and painting and other indoor projects. For me, this natural balance is a very good thing.
- ► 2010 (16)
- ▼ June (8)


In Time of Galactic Excursion
On Earth’s habitability over the Sun’s main-sequence history: joint influence of space weather and Earth´s magnetic field evolution.
J. Varela,1⋆ A. S. Brun,2 A. Strugarek,2 V. Réville,3 P. Zarka4 and F. Pantellini5
1Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, 28911 2Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DRF – CNRS – Univ. Paris Diderot – IRFU/DAp, Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, 91191 3IRAP, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France 4LESIA & USN, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL/SU/UPMC/UPD/UO, Place J. Janssen, Meudon, France, 92195 5LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, Meudon, France, 92195 Accepted XXX. Received YYY; in original form ZZZ
The aim of this study is to analyze the Earth habitability with respect to the direct exposition of the Earth atmosphere to the solar wind along the Sun’s evolution on the main sequence including the realistic evolution of the space weather conditions and the Earth magnetic field. The MHD code PLUTO in spherical coordinates is applied to perform parametric studies with respect to the solar wind dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field intensity for different Earth magnetic field configurations. Quiet space weather conditions may not impact the Earth habitability. On the other hand, the impact of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) could lead to the erosion of the primary Earth atmosphere during the Hadean eon. A dipolar field of 30 µT is strong enough to shield the Earth from the Eo-Archean age as well as 15 and 5 µT dipolar fields from the MesoArchean and Meso-Proterozoic, respectively. Multipolar weak field period during the Meso-Proterozoic age may not be a threat
for ICME-like space weather conditions if the field intensity is at least 15 µT and the ratio between the quadrupolar (Q) and dipolar (D) coefficients is Q D ≤ 0.5. By contrast, the Earth habitability in the Phanerozoic eon (including the present time) can be hampered during multipolar low field periods with a strength of 5 µT and Q D
≥ 0.5 associated to geomagnetic reversals. Consequently, the effect of the solar wind should be considered as a possible driver of Earth´s habitability. Key words: Earth magnetosphere – space weather – CME – Earth habitability
The analysis of the space weather in the last decades has demonstrated the essential role of the solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on the Earth magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere and exosphere state (Poppe, B.B. & Jorden, K.P. 2006; González Hernández, I. et al. 2014). That means, space weather conditions can introduce constraints on the habitability of the Earth and exoplanets with respect to the shielding provided by planetary magnetospheres, avoiding the sterilizing effect of the stellar wind on the surface (Gallet, F. et al. 2017; Linsky, J. 2019; Airapetian, V. S. et al. 2020; Strugarek et al. 2015; Garraffo, C. et al. 2016; Varela et al.
2022b). Recent studies also indicate the solar wind may cause the depletion of the Earth atmosphere, particularly volatile molecules such as water by thermal and non-thermal escape (Lundin, R. et al. 2007; Moore, T. E. & Khazanov, G. V. 2010; Jakosky, B. M. et al. 2015) as well as lead to damages on biological structures (Sihver &
Mortazavi 2021; Zenchenko & Breus 2021).// Continue reading here : https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.03720.pdf
Propagation of the Interplanetary Shock Induced Pulse: New Observations// JGR Space Physics/
The signatures were sequentially observed from the sub-solar to the nightside via both flanks, which in turn demonstrated the concrete propagation pattern of the pulse. In addition to a consistent angular velocity, a ∼40 s difference was systematically found between the TEC measurements and the in situ spacecraft observations, revealing the timescale of the shock-induced magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling,…
XINGRAN CHEN, QIUGANG ZONG, YONGQIANG HAO, QUANHAN LI, DONGHE ZHANG, HUI ZHANG//
Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have been focusing on the association between geomagnetic activity and other space weather phenomena (like space storms, solar proton events, solar flares, cosmic rays activity, Pc1 and Pc4-Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations, and high-speed solar wind) and human health, especially on the cardiovascular system. In recent years, the created databases of environmental data give an opportunity to evaluate the complex effect of space weather and atmospheric conditions on human health,…
Prof. Dr. JONE VENCLOVIENE


The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), India’s prestigious national space agency, is delighted to invite both school students and space enthusiasts on an exciting educational journey, where we will learn and explore together.
The ISRO online course in space technology provides a unique opportunity to explore the fascinating realms of space science and technology.
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- Duration : 2 Weeks
- Start Date : 14th September 2023
- End Date : 28th September 2023


Paperback $32.99 - HarperCollins Publishers
Science - Published: 1/Jan/2017 - ISBN: 9780008207038
In the mid-nineteenth century, the Harvard College Observatory began employing women as calculators, or “human computers,” to interpret the observations their male counterparts made via telescope each night. As photography transformed the practice of astronomy, the women turned to studying images of the stars captured on glass photographic plates, making extraordinary discoveries that attracted worldwide acclaim. The Glass Universe is the hidden history of a group of remarkable women whose vital contributions to the burgeoning field of astronomy forever changed our understanding of the stars and our place in the universe.
Email us or call us on (03) 9662 1396 to enquire about this book.
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You’ve heard talk of the multiverse, right? The idea is that the astronomically low odds of a universe like ours being compatible with life—something like 1 in 10 to the 229th power—is proof that “our universe is just one of a huge, perhaps infinite, ensemble of worlds.” The physics of such a problem are too mind-bending to even consider. (Well…for me, anyway.) But probability theorists have poked a hole in the argument. And it’s a pretty big hole.
Speaking of science-y things, John Horgan reminds us that “the equations embedded in Newton’s laws of motion, quantum mechanics and general relativity are extraordinarily, even unreasonably effective. Why do they work so well? No one knows….”
So, in other words, we don’t know what we think we know. Or even what we don’t know. Or much of anything, really. And that, my friends, is strangely comforting.


I just want to live beautifully. I want to climb on a roof at midnight and talk to the stars. I want to see the beauty of the world upon a mountain, hear the symphony of animals at play. I want to create a painting, and draw the beautiful things of the world. Somewhere in that painting, I will be standing there, a speck, just a tiny speck. A speck staring into the night sky dotted with millions of stars. If I can’t be happy in reality at least in my dreams I can be free.


MAE Undergrad Coordinates Live Radio Link with Astronaut
“NA1SS, this is K6UCI, do you copy?” Matt Bennett, an undergraduate mechanical and aerospace engineering student, asked over the radio.
“Loud and clear! How about me?” Astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria replied. Bennett and his team breathed a sigh of relief as the
Bennett, along with his team of 11 UCI Satellite Project and K6UCI Amateur Radio Club members, and 20 students from
Lopez-Alegria, a 1976 graduate of
It was through ARISS that Bennett connected with
“We’ve never spoken to an astronaut in orbit before, so this was exciting,” said Bennett, the lead assistant in organizing the radio link. “It was an honor, especially because Lopez-Alegria is such a prestigious astronaut who holds a world record for space operations.”
Lopez-Alegria, who has been an astronaut since the early 1990s, holds the American record for the most spacewalks and the total time spent on spacewalks. He has been on 10 spacewalks for a total of more than 67 hours.
Bennett and his team spent more than 16 hours before contact organizing and setting-up the equipment: a 16-foot-long beam antenna; an RF amplifier; a computer-controlled antenna rotator; and a computer with specific software to track and point the antenna at the ISS. To prevent a loss of contact due to equipment failure, redundant radios, backup antennas, and power supplies were also installed.
The ISS only passes a particular area on Earth a few times per day, at a velocity of 7.7 km/s, or about 17,224 mph, at an average altitude of 330 km, or about 205 miles. While Bennett’s team could only maintain contact with the ISS for a matter of minutes each pass of the space station in orbit, NASA maintains constant contact with the station using strategically placed ground stations around the world and their Tracking and Data Relay Satellite network.
Due to the small window of opportunity to connect with the ISS, the system had to be precisely calibrated and failure tested before contact. To maintain contact with the ISS, the antenna rotator had to constantly point the beam antenna directly at the ISS. Bennett also had to calculate and adjust for the Doppler Effect - the same effect that makes the pitch of a passing car holding its horn go from high to low as it moves past - as the station moved in orbit.
The participating high school students had 13 of their 20 pre-approved questions answered, and more than 400 people around the world tuned in to the live Internet audio stream of the interview.


The team huddled around the instrument and communication benches in the control centre. consoles flickered and camera crews focused. The focus was on the faces of the mission command staff as they gazed up with rapture at the main screen. The culmination of years of planning and decades of operation was about to be revealed. This would be more than a full day after the event had actually occurred some twenty billion miles away.
In the corner the now reclusive billionaire bank-roller sat pensively. No emotion crossed her face but she still managed to emit an air of quiet self-satisfaction.
The main screen showed the carrier signal positive diagnostic symbol. The giant, automated spacecraft was emitting a directed signal back to Earth from the near complete darkness beyond the Kuiper belt. in the corner of the screen were two clocks. one showing mission time and one counting down to the expected image receipt time. The craft had sent periodic ETA’s every few hours. The timer currently read 2 minutes.
Only ten years ago the craft had left Earth lunar orbit in a dramatic blaze, riding a series of thermonuclear pulses and carrying more than 2000 100 megaton charges to be taken to it’s final destination. The craft was immense. The initial sourcing and construction costs alone were unprecedented, and that was before the incredible feat of transporting the components to orbit for assembly.
The timer ticked along. One minute to go.
The craft had used more sensory and computing power than any previous automated probe in history. The machine’s gravimeters had detected, analysed and responded to it’s path in the dark in real time. The machine had interpreted, from the raw data it’s sensors collected, whether the body it found in the dark had rings, moons, a diameter more or less than expected and by how much. The extrapolation involved was extreme. and the machine had to do it alone.
Thirty seconds to go. There were so many unknowns in how the mission would unfold. There were so many possible outcomes based on what the machine would find and how it would decide to proceed. Would it have the necessary resources? would it’s imagination be enough to engineer a plan and execute it to success? Would it be lonely?
Such a machine had never been deployed in such a way. There was a serious hope among the original planners that the craft’s gravimeters would find enough moons of sufficient size to gain a suitable image. However this couldn’t be left to chance. contingencies were made to the craft itself but no-one could be sure they would work. As it was, there were over 200 moons, 30 of them large enough to be used and 12 expected to be in position at the right time. that allowed for effective use of the medium distance unfolding visors carried on board the craft.
10 seconds. Everyone held their breaths. This was the defining moment for many lives both in the control room and out of it.
The timer ticked over to zero and the data stream began. The influx was a fax machine squeal accompanied by holding of hands and reassured smiles. It would take just 2 minutes again now.
The first information began to register on the monitor. the text stream stated that the detonations had succeeded perfectly as planned. The synchronised atomic clocks had not failed. The signal continued to screech it’s way in.
Then it stopped. A moment’s buffering later and there it was. A beautiful purple orb, Glittering with deep mauve lines and white poles. The first image of our solar system’s planet X.


It looks like half the moon is illuminated, not 25%, and to our eyes, half of the moon's surface facing us is illuminated. How much of the moon's entire surface is illuminated?
Regardless of what we see in the sky, exactly one half (50%) of the moon's surface is illuminated at all times. What we see depends on the positioning of the moon relative to the earth and the sun. Consider the full moon below.
To our eyes, 100% of the side of the moon facing us is illuminated. Yet only 50% of the moon's entire surface is illuminated. The moon is positioned relative the the earth and the sun in such a way that we see all of that 50%.
So why a quarter moon? Nowhere in the discussion above does 25% come into play! A quarter moon has nothing to do with seeing 25% of the moon's surface illuminated or the moon's surface being 25% illuminated. The moon's surface is ALWAYS 50% illuminated. The phrase 'quarter moon' has to do with where in the lunar cycle the moon is. The start of a lunar cycle occurs when the moon is in its new phase. Next comes waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, third quarter, and finally waning crescent before heading back to a new moon. A first quarter is one quarter of the way through this cycle and a third quarter is three quartesr of the way through the cycle. This is where the quarter phases come from, not the % observed to be illuminated or the % of actual illumination.


Mandalas Among The Stars Collection - A hand-drawn, digitally created, mandala and universe inspired art design, with a galaxy of colorful bright stars on a black background, accented by 2 large colorful bright stars.
Featured Image in the following Fine Art America Group: Mandala Rose June 28th, 2021
Recommendation: Have a look at this image in a simple black frame without a mat or as a metal or canvas print if you are looking for a wall art option, I think you will greatly enjoy one of these looks to hang on your wall.
June 27th, 2021
Viewed 611 Times - Last Visitor from Beverly Hills, CA on 09/21/2022 at 11:32 AM


New in SC Modeler 4.0
1. The Constellation Editor functionality and interface improvements, including the ability to use it jointly with the Constellation Design modules, i.e., to add constellations generated by these modules to a user-defined constellation or constellation defined by TLE records.
2. The SGP4/SDP4 orbit propagator. During simulation, the constellation view and all graphs and analysis results produced by the base module, the Network Topology tools, and the Network Traffic Analysis Module reflect changes caused by the orbital decay of satellites.
3. The Conjunction Visualization mode provides visualization of conjunction events identified by the Conjunction Forecast Web Service or any other product capable of producing an evaluation set of conjunction data. During the conjunction event simulation, the viewpoint remains directly above the primary conjunction object, and the image's scale changes continuously depending on the relative position of conjunction objects. You can review the intersection of error ellipsoids of conjunction objects and monitor the RIC (radial, in-track, cross-track) distances during close fly-by.
4. Improved support for importing large TLE files.
5. The "Maximum Number of Hops across the Satellite" constraint is enabled for all chain configurations. Intersatellite links can be completely disabled.
6. The Modeling Interval window functionality improvements.
7. The Real Time Mode stability improvement for a small time step.
8. New format of constellation analysis report files.
|9. The Orbital Elements, Position, and Velocity report can be generated anytime during simulations for the Two-Body Keplerian, J2 Perturbations, and SGP4/SDP4 orbit propagators.|
|10. The Access Constraints tool now incorporates the Custom Field of View feature, which enables users to define an Azimuth-Elevation (Min/Max) mask in the sensor's coordinate system. The Axis Azimuth-Elevation can be specified for off-nadir pointing conic and custom sensors. The tool supports the specification of multiple sensors for a satellite or a group of satellites. The definitions of masks, sensors, or sets of sensors can be saved to a database, easily looked up, and imported for use in other constellations.|
|The 3D OpenGL, 3D non-OpenGL, and 2D visualizations of a custom field of view, defined by the Azimuth-Elevation mask, reflect the impact of the Minimum Ground Station-Satellite Elevation Angle and Maximum Range constraints.|


I’ve been thinking a lot about numbers lately…
(distances and speeds change depending on various condidtions. These are averages.)
Speed of Light = 186,282 miles a second
Speed of Sound = about .2 miles per second
Distance to the Sun = 93 million miles
One way trip for a bit of sunlight to the planet Earth = 8 minutes, 20 seconds
Sound can’t travel in space, but if it could it would take 13.8 YEARS to go that distance in an Earth-like environment
Distance to the moon = 239,000 miles
One way trip for a bit of moonlight to twinkle in your eye = a little bit over 1 and 1/4 seconds.
If sound could travel from the moon it would take about 13 DAYS to travel the same distance in a Earth-like environment.
Time it takes two computers on the Internet to say ‘hello’ – (tcp/ip, speed of light minus latencies caused by physical hardware):
New York to London – about .08 seconds
New York to California – about .08 seconds
New York to Hong Kong – about .240seconds
Speed of nerve impulses in your body:
The speed of nerve impulses is highly variable – between 2 feet to 400 feet per second. Note that electrical signals on a piece of wire travel at near light speed, or 982 MILLION feet per second.


Simple chemistry governs a host of the exotic objects that populate our cosmos. For example, molecules in the early Universe acted as natural temperature regulators, keeping the primordial gas cool and, in turn, allowing galaxies and stars to form. What are the tools of the trade for the cosmic chemist and what can they teach us about the Universe we live in? These are the questions answered in this engaging and informative guide--the first book for nonspecialists on molecular astrophysics. In clear, nontechnical terms, and without formal mathematics, Hartquist and Williams show how to study and understand the behavior of molecules in a host of astronomical situations. Readers will learn about the secretive formation of stars deep within interstellar clouds; the origin of our own solar system; the cataclysmic deaths of many massive stars that explode as supernovae; and the hearts of active galactic nuclei, the most powerful objects in the universe. This book provides an accessible introduction to a wealth of astrophysics, and an understanding of how cosmic chemistry allows the investigation of many of the most exciting questions concerning astronomy today.
"Nothing, sir, can induce me to surrender my claim." "I am sorry, count, but in such a matter your views cannot modify mine." "But allow me to point out that my seniority unquestionably gives me a prior right." "Mere seniority, I assert, in an affair of this kind, cannot possibly entitle you to any prior claim whatever." "Then, captain, no alternative is left but for me to compel you to yield at the sword's point." "As you please, count; but neither sword nor pistol can force me to forego my pretensions. Here is my card." "And mine." This rapid altercation was thus brought to an end by the formal interchange of the names of the disputants. On one of the cards was inscribed:
Euro Models Articles
Euro Models Books


Space shuttle flies final mission to Smithsonian
Space shuttle Discovery, mounted atop a NASA 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), flies over the Washington skyline as seen from a NASA T-38 aircraft, Tuesday, April 17, 2012. Used with Permission/ Robert Markowitz/NASA/MCT
NASA’s space shuttle Discovery made its final flight from Kennedy Space Center in Florida to Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C. on April 17. The now-retired shuttle found a new home in the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum where it will be on permanent display. Discovery is the first of the retired United States shuttle fleet to be put on display, marking the end of 30 years of human spaceflight.
Discovery is the oldest surviving shuttle of the US fleet and flew 39 missions beginning in 1984 and ending in March 2011. Other shuttles in the fleet include Endeavour and Atlantis, which landed in July of 2011, marking the end of the shuttle program. Two shuttles, Challenger and Columbia, never made it back to Earth. Both were destroyed in accidents: Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003.
Discover’s debut in the Smithsonian marks the end of the shuttle program and ultimately the space program. The end of the United States shuttle fleet leaves Russia the only country of capable of space travel.
Currently, the shuttle’s prototype, Enterprise, is flying high in the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, a separate building in Chantilly, Va. that is part of the National Air and Space Museum. However, the prototype was moved to New York City on April 23 and is on display on at the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum.
A modified Boeing 747 airplane serves as the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) for NASA. This was the 806th flight the SCA made—218 included carrying a shuttle and the 39th time carrying Discovery.
The shuttle was delayed until the 17 because of high winds that prevented flight.
As Discovery flew over the Capitol for the final time, crowds cheered for this momentous occasion. The Welcome Discovery Ceremony, held April 19 at the Udvar-Hazy Center, celebrated the switch of the aircrafts on display.
“The large crowd was thrilled to see something that will never be seen again: Discovery and Enterprise placed nose-to-nose,” reads the National Air and Space Museum’s website.
The welcome ceremony included astronauts such as John Glenn, the first American to orbit the Earth, to speak. Also, 14 of the surviving 31 living commanders attended.
Discovery finished its final mission from Florida to the Capitol and is now at its final resting place in the Smithsonian.


Title: Debunking the Moon Landing Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction
For over half a century, the moon landing has remained one of the most significant milestones in human history. Yet, even in the face of overwhelming evidence, myths and conspiracy theories surrounding this remarkable achievement still persist. In this article, we aim to debunk some of the most common moon landing myths and provide undeniable proof of these extraordinary events that unfolded on July 20, 1969.
Myth #1: The Moon Landing Was a Hoax
One of the most pervasive myths alleges that the United States government orchestrated an extensive cover-up of the moon landing. Proponents claim that the entire event was filmed on a set in Hollywood to deceive the world. However, this theory is riddled with inconsistencies and lacks any substantial evidence.
Multiple independent sources, including the Soviet Union, tracked the Apollo missions from launch to landing, making it impossible to fake such a monumental event without detection. Moreover, the sheer number of people involved in the Apollo program makes it highly unlikely that everyone would remain silent over the years, especially considering the rapid advancements in technology that would expose any deception.
Myth #2: The Flag Wave Motion Was Impossible
Skeptics often point to the flag placed on the moon as evidence that the moon landing was staged. They argue that the flag appears to ripple and wave in the footage, despite the absence of an atmosphere on the moon. However, the flag movement was never caused by the wind, as there was no wind present to cause such motion.
The flag's movement was due to the way it was designed. NASA engineers opted for a horizontal rod to support the flag to maximize its visibility in the airless environment. Once astronauts pushed the flag into the lunar surface, the ripple-like movements were caused by the astronauts twisting the flagpole back and forth.
Myth #3: The Lack of Stars in Photographs
Conspiracy theorists often claim that the absence of stars in the photographs taken on the moon is evidence that the landings were faked. However, this simply results from the limitations of photographic technology used during the missions.
The cameras used by the astronauts were set to capture the bright lunar landscape and astronauts themselves. As a result, the exposure settings required to capture the astronauts' detail and the sunlit lunar surface caused the faint light of faraway stars to be washed out.
Myth #4: The Footprints Shouldn't Exist
Skeptics question the existence of footprints on the moon's surface, believing that the lunar module's engine thrust should have blown away any traces of the astronauts' steps. However, the moon's surface is covered in a layer of fine dust known as regolith. When the astronauts walked, the regolith was compacted beneath their footsteps, preventing it from being easily blown away.
Additionally, the engine exhaust gases quickly dissipated in the vacuum of space, leaving no lasting disturbance to the lunar surface. This allowed the footprints to remain intact for subsequent missions to observe.
Despite the persistence of moon landing myths, overwhelming evidence supports the fact that humans successfully landed on the moon in 1969 and subsequent years. The claim that the moon landing was a hoax is refuted by an abundance of scientific, photographic, and testimonial evidence. Debunking these myths is crucial to preserving the integrity of one of humanity's greatest achievements and to inspire future generations to reach for the stars.


The Irmo High School Astronomy classes met behind the school on December 1 between 8-9 pm to use their telescopes to investigate some of the stellar bodies they have been studying. Nineteen amateur astronomers showed up that night and the weather was perfectly clear.
The classes saw close-ups of the moon, including a variety of craters, mountain ranges and even saw about where the Apollo 11 Mission landed in 1969. Many of the students were able to capture photographs through telescopes. They also were able to see Jupiter, along with three of its Galilean moons, Mars, and the constellations: Cassiopeia and Orion.


Northern lights in Lithuania
Northern lights or Aurora borealis are usually seen in Arctic regions of the Earth and are very rare in Lithuania. I was happy to capture a very bright and long lasting Aurora in different locations of Lithuania that spectacular night.
march 20, Druskininkai
Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun. Partial solar eclipse happily was seen in Lithuania this year.
Perseid meteor shower
Perseid meteor shower peaks in August when the rate of meteors sometimes reaches 60 or more per hour. This year I was lucky to capture three meteors in a single frame (actually there are five of them, but two of them are not so bright)
Eclipse of super moon
srptember 28, Vilnius
The eclipse of full Super Moon was definitely the most impressive sky event of the year 2015. It was also a very rare and the next such eclipse will be only seen in 2033. Captured photos are presented in chronological order.
Geminid meteor shower
During the shooting of Gemind meteor shower I captured two crossing paths of objects flying in the sky in the same frame. And they look like a cross standing on the ground right below. It was the sign from the sky for me.
Full moon on Christmas Day
Full moon in very rare on Christmas Day. Last time it was in 1977, next time it will be only in 2033.
(c) Martynas Slapsys
Made in Lithuania


Indian Space Research Organisation Space Application Centre (ISRO SAC) has released the job notification for the post of Scientist/Engineer. Candidates with the qualification of M.E/ M.Tech/M.Sc/Ph.D/Diploma/ITI are eligible to apply for this job. The selection process is based on the Written Test and Skill Test. Interested and eligible candidates can apply online through ISRO website. The […]
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