Which way is north? Whether you’re lost in the woods or you’re trying to install a sundial in your yard, you’re bound to want to find true north from time to time, and chances are when the time comes you won’t have a compass.What’s more, even if you do have a compass, it will point to magnetic north, which changes with your location in the world
Method 1 of 8: The Shadow Tip Method
1. Place a stick upright in the ground so that you can see its shadow.
Alternatively, you can use the shadow of a fixed object. Nearly any object will work, but the taller the object is, the easier it will be to see the movement of its shadow, and the narrower the tip of the object is, the more accurate the reading will be. Make sure the shadow is cast on a level, brush-free spot.
2. Mark the tip of the shadow with a small object, such as a pebble, or a distinct scratch in the ground.
Try to make the mark as small as possible so as to pinpoint the shadow’s tip, but make sure you can identify the mark later.
3. Wait 10-15 minutes.
The shadow tip will move mostly from west to east in a curved line.
4.Mark the new position of the shadow’s tip with another small object or scratch. It will likely move only a short distance.
5.Draw a straight line in the ground between the two marks.This is an approximate east-west line.
6.Stand with the first mark (west) on your left, and the other (east) on your right. You are now facing mostly toward true north, regardless of where you are in the world. The illustration shows that the sun and marker at Points 1 is what is happening for Step 2. At Points 2, it shows what is happening for Step 4. This method is based on the fact that the sun moves across the sky from East to West.
Method 2 of 8: Using the Stars: Northern Hemisphere
1.Locate the North Star (Polaris) in the night sky.The North Star is the last star in the handle of the Little Dipper constellation. If you have trouble finding it, find the Big Dipper. The two lowest stars in the Big Dipper (the outermost stars of the cup of the dipper) form a straight line that “points” to the North Star. You may also find the constellation Cassiopeia, which is always opposite the Big Dipper. The North Star is located about midway between the central star of Cassiopeia and the Big Dipper (see figure).
2.Draw an imaginary line straight down from the North Star to the ground. This direction is true north, and if you can find a landmark in the distance at this point, you can use it to guide yourself
Method 3 of 8: Using the Stars: Southern Hemisphere
1.Find the Southern Cross constellation. In the southern hemisphere, the North Star is not visible, and no single star always indicates north or south, but you can use the Southern Cross and the pointer stars as your guide. The Southern Cross constellation is formed by five stars, and the four brightest stars form a cross that is angled to one side.
2.Identify the two stars that make up the long axis of the cross. These stars form a line which “points” to an imaginary point in the sky which is above the South Pole. Follow the imaginary line down from the two stars five times the distance between them.
3.Draw an imaginary line from this point to the ground, and try to identify a corresponding landmark to steer by. Since this is true south, true north is directly opposite it (behind you as you are looking at the point).
Method 4 of 8: Using the Stars: Equator
1.The Orion Constellation is visible from both hemispheres depending on the time of the year.
It is a permanent feature on the equator.
2.Look for Orion’s Belt. Orion has several
prominent stars. The ‘belt’ (3 stars in a row) runs from East to West. Look for that, it has a ‘sword’ attached to it.
3.Project a line From the sword through the middle star of the Belt.
That is the general direction of North.
4.Orion lays across the Equator: the Belt rises & sets at east & West
Method 5 of 8: Alternate Shadow-Tip Method for Increased Accuracy
1.Set up a stick as perpendicular to the level ground as possible and mark the first shadow-tip as above.
For this method, take your first reading in the morning, at least an hour or so before midday.
2.Find an object or length of string, etc.
exactly the same length as the shadow.
3.Continue taking measurements of the shadow’s length every 10-20 minutes.The shadow will shrink before midday and will grow after midday.
4.Measure the shadow length as the shadow grows.
Use the string or object you used to measure the length of the initial shadow. When the shadow grows to exactly the same length as the string (and hence exactly the same length as your first measurement), mark the spot.
5.Draw a line connecting the first and second marks as above.
Once again, this is your east-west line, and if you stand with the first mark on your left and the second on your right, you will be facing true north.
Method 6 of 8: Watch Method: Northern Hemisphere
1.Find an analog watch (the kind with hour and minute hands) that is set accurately. Place it on a level surface, such as the ground, or hold it horizontal in your hand.
2.Bisect (that is, find the centre point of) the angle between the hour hand and the twelve o’clock mark (the number 12 on the watch).The centre of the angle between the hour hand and twelve o’clock mark is the north-south line. If you don’t know which way is north and which south, just remember that no matter where you are, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. In the northern hemisphere the sun is due south at midday. If your watch is set to daylight saving time bisect the angle between the hour hand and the one o’clock mark instead.
Method 7 of 8: Watch Method: Southern Hemisphere
1.Use an analogue watch as above, and point the twelve o’clock mark (the number 12) of the watch toward the sun.
If your watch is set to daylight saving time, point the one o’clock mark toward the sun.
2.Bisect the angle between the twelve o’clock mark (or one o’clock mark if using daylight saving time) and the hour hand to find the north-south line.
If you’re unsure which way is north, remember that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west no matter where you are. In the southern hemisphere, however, the sun is due north at midday.
Method 8 of 8: Estimating the Sun’s Path
1.Understand the path that the sun takes.
Remember that the sun rises in the general east and sets in the general west. In between, the sun will sweep out an arc to the south in the northern hemisphere, and to the north in the southern hemisphere (always towards the equator). This means that in the very early morning (shortly after sunrise), the sun will be generally east, while very late in the evening (shortly before sunset), it will be sun will be generally west.
- The path of the sun can vary quite a bit depending on the season, especially far from the equator. For instance, in the summer, sunrise and sunset will tend to be further from the equator (more northerly in the northern hemisphere, and more southerly in the southern hemisphere), while in the winter, they will tend to be closer to the equator. Only one the spring and fall equinoxes does the sun rise due-east and set due-west.
- For precautionary measures, familiar with the path of the sun for your area or the area where you will be going before you are in a situation where you have to know it. A helpful and free web tool is available athttp://www.sunearthtools.com/dp/tools/pos_sun.php. In particular, try to learn the shape of the path at the two solstices, and the approximate time of sunrise and sunset for these two paths. Knowing this information ahead of time can help you estimate the path for the current day.
2.Find north based on the direction of the sun. If you determine that the sun is in the east (early in the morning), then north will be roughly a quarter turn counterclockwise (for instance, if you’re facing the sun, then you would turn to the left). If the sun is in the west, then north is roughly a quarter turn clockwise. If the sun is in south, then north is directly opposite it.
- Around 12 noon (depending on day light savings time and your position within the timezone), the sun will be pointed due south in the northern hemisphere, and due north in the southern hemisphere.


Contact us @ firstname.lastname@example.org or Twitter @eastlincsastro and on Facebook
Welcome to the East Lincolnshire Astronomy Club. The club was founded in March 2012 to bring together amateur astronomers from all over the county to enjoy the wonderful dark skies we are lucky enough to have in this part of country.
East Lincolnshire Astronomy Club meetings are every month at Scamblesby village hall in the Lincolnshire wolds and are open to anyone with an interest in the night sky, from the complete novice/beginner to the experienced observer.
Hope to see you soon.
Discover the Universe with us...
Next meeting, 21st July. We have Paul Money giving a talk in place of Paul Cotton who is not well. Many Thanks to Paul Money for stepping in on such short notice. Doors open 7pm.


This page lists books that have helped me personally in my studies of astronomy, astrophotography, ccd imaging and image processing. If my websites have sparked your interest in astronomy, please look for any of these titles at your local library or you can order them directly through Amazon.com.
CCD Astronomy and Digital Astrophotography
|Handbook of Astronomical Image Processing -- Richard Berry and Jim Burnell
This is an incredible book and cd combo. In my opinion, Richard Berry transformed amateur astronomy with his early books that allowed amateurs like me to build their first ccd camera. Most of us now use improved commercial cameras but Richard continues his important role with this reference and accompanying software. The cd with AIP4Win software is worth the price alone. This is one of the best available tools for image processing and is continually updated with free downloads. The book is not a manual for the software (that's included in the help section of the software). Instead, the book is an outstanding reference covering the science of image processing. If you can only buy one book on the subject of image processing, this is it!
|Digital SLR Astrophotography -- Michael A. Covington
Mr. Covington has been introducing amateurs to astrophotography for a number of years and follows up with this detailed text for astrophotography with a digital SLR.
|The Ccd Camera Cookbook : How to Build Your Own Ccd Camera/Book
and Disk -- Richard Berry, et al.
This book provides detailed instructions for building your own ccd camera for astronomical imaging. The ccd images on my web pages were obtained with this camera. If you're interested in purchasing or building a ccd camera, buy this book! This book increased my joy for the hobby of astronomy beyond measure.
|A Practical Guide to Ccd Astronomy (Practical Astronomy Handbooks
, No 8) -- Patrick Martinez, et al.
Practical guide to CCD astronomy. Includes a thorough introduction to the CCD and associated electronics, image processing, and applications in astronomy. Excellent text for the more experienced beginner to intermediate CCD amateur.
|The Art and Science of Ccd Astronomy (Practical Astronomy)
-- D. Ratledge(Editor)
Articles from twelve leading amateurs. Provides practical advice and tips from experienced amateur CCD astronomers.
|Ccd Astronomy : Construction and Use of an Astronomical Ccd
Camera -- Christian Buil, Emmanuel Davoast (Translator).
Detailed, intermediate-level, text on CCD electronics, construction, operation and image processing.
|Astrophotography for the Amateur -- Michael Covington
Astrophotography for the Amateur provides a complete guide to taking pictures of stars, galaxies, the Moon, the Sun, comets, meteors and eclipses, using equipment and materials readily available to the hobbyist. Astrophotography for the Amateur is the standard handbook for all amateur astronomers. It will also appeal to photography enthusiasts who can discover how to take spectacular images with only modest equipment.
|The Backyard Astronomer's Guide - Terrence
Outstanding beginner-to-intermediate book covering amateur astronomy and astrophotography. This book will help you find the right equipment, navigate the stars and begin taking beautiful astrophotography images.
|Splendors of the Universe : A Practical Guide to Photographing
the Night Sky -- Terrence Dickinson, Jack Newton
Beautiful images accompanied by practical advice in beginning astrophotography. This book will get you started in photographing the night sky with an inexpensive manual 35mm camera and a tripod. If you're interested in trying your hand at astrophotography, start with this book.
Observational Astronomy Aids / Atlases
|Advanced Amateur Astronomy -- Gerald North
Essential information on telescope optics, the atmosphere, astrophotography, electronic imaging, and telescope hardware. Chapters on photometry, spectroscopy and radio astronomy bring observational astronomy to a level where data of real scientific value can be acquired.
|Burnham's Celestial Handbook (Volume 1, Andromeda through
Cetus) -- Robert Burnham, Jr.
Subtitled: An Observer's Guide to the Universe, this volume along with its two additional companion volumes (see below) are an essential reference for every amateur astronomer. Much of the factual information on my web pages comes from these volumes. These fascinating books can be used as references as they catalog thousands of celestial objects grouped by constellation. I find the books especially unique in that they provide folklore, history and extensive descriptive notes about each object. Add these three volumes to your library before all others.
|Burnham's Celestial Handbook (Volume 2, Chamaeleon through
Orion) -- Robert Burnham, Jr.
|Burnham's Celestial Handbook (Volume 3, Pavo through
Vulpecula) -- Robert Burnham, Jr.
My astronomy-related websites
|CCD Astronomy - CCD camera images of galaxies, nebulae, and star fields.|
|Astrophotography - Color images of comets, the Moon, nebulae, galaxies and the Milky Way. Each image includes a description of the object, links to further information and how the image was taken.|
|Aurora Images - Color images of the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights from Alaska and Maine. Includes a description of the cause of the lights.|
|Astronomy Resources - Extensive list of astronomy resources on the internet, categorized by subject with descriptions of each site.|
Last Updated on May 18, 2008
|Send comments to Jeffrey A. MacQuarrie|
All images copyright © 2007 by Jeffrey A. MacQuarrie and may not be used without permission.


On this day in 1969, humans walked on the moon for the first time. The Apollo 11 spaceflight brought Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the lunar surface on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC.
Michael Collins, the mission’s third member, remained in lunar orbit. All three men returned safely to Earth after an 8-day mission that began with a Saturn V rocket launch from Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida on July 16.
This was the fifth manned mission of NASA’s Apollo program, which ran from 1963 to 1972 and included 6 missions that landed on the moon. These were the first and last times human beings set foot on another world.
NASA has a collection of restored HD videos well worth watching on this historic day.


A rare spectacle of multiple lunar events is happening on January 31 as the second full moon of the calendar month will appear larger, brighter, and display a reddish-orange hue during a total lunar eclipse.
This rare phenomenon occurring after more than 150 years will see the convergence of three lunar events, a lunar eclipse, a supermoon, and a blue moon.
AIPSN has put together different facts about the event on their campaign website, coppermoon18.wordpress.com. Enthusiasts can view information about the equipment required to watch an eclipse, how the eclipse can be experienced best, how to determine the time at which the eclipse will happen at your location, etc. Questions about how and why eclipses happen are also answered on the website. Resource material on the website is available in 11 regional Indian languages.
AIPSN is a national platform of 40 science movements across the country which regularly work towards promotion of scientific temper.
The campaign also encourages people to organis
e local viewings for their neighbourhood, scho
ols, or colleges.
The campaign is being endorsed by International Centre for Theoretical Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Astronomical Society of India, and Bangalore Astronomers’ Association.
3 to 4.5 billion years ago
When the moon may have been formed. The giant impact hypothesis suggests that the moon formed when an object smashed into early earth.
Italian Galileo Galilei is often credited with being the first person to look through a telescope and make drawings of the celestial objects he observed. Actually, Englishman Thomas Harriot made the first drawing of the moon after looking through a telescope months before him in July 1609.
It has been decades since the last men walked on the moon. On Dec 7, astronauts Ron Evans and Eugene Cernan and their travelling companion, astronaut-geologist Harrison Schmitt, became the last men to blast off for the moon. After burning up billions of dollars in expenses, Nasa’s Apollo space programme ended abruptly with the Apollo 17 mission that month.
United States President Donald Trump signed a document which formally directs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa) to focus on returning humans to the moon. CEO of SpaceX Elon Musk – despite having a complex relationship with Mr Trump – approves, tweeting that “we should have a moon base by now”.
“We are going to the moon that is not very far. Man has so much farther to go within himself.”
– French-born novelist Anais Nin.
“We’ll keep a close eye out for the bunny girl.”
– Former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, referring to moon goddess Chang Er of the Chinese legend. This was part of a conversation between “Houston” (Nasa Mission Control Center) and the Apollo 11 crew before the first moon landing in 1969. Houston told them a headline said ‘an ancient legend says a beautiful Chinese girl called Chang-o has been living there for 4,000 years’ with a big bunny.


Venus: Interesting facts you must know
The second planet from the sun and closest planetary neighbor to Earth, Venus, is peculiar in many respects. The scorching, hellish planet revolves backward and may contain life within its impenetrable clouds.
It is frequently referred to as “Earth’s twin” since the two planets are comparable in size and density and are the sixth largest in the solar system. So don’t be deceived; although appearing to be similar, they are drastically dissimilar in practically every other way.
Venus has days that are longer than a year.
Venus takes longer to complete one rotation on its axis than it does to complete one orbit around the Sun. Just 224.7 Earth days are needed to complete an orbit around the Sun, which is the shortest orbital period of any planet in the Solar System at 243 Earth days.
Venus is hotter than Mercury
IMAGE CREDITS: istockphoto.com
Although being further from the Sun than Mercury, 462°C is the mean temperature there. This is due to Venus’ atmosphere having a high carbon dioxide concentration, which has a strong greenhouse effect. The planet’s temperature is substantially higher than its closeness to the Sun would imply due to heat being held in the atmosphere like a blanket.
Venus’ axis rotates in a clockwise direction.
All other planets orbit the Sun in an anticlockwise path and rotate anticlockwise on their axes. Despite having an odd axis rotation due to being upside down after being pushed off its upright posture earlier in its history, Venus also circles the Sun anticlockwise. According to astronomers, Venus was tilted so far from its original position by a collision with another celestial body that it is now upside down. The only other planet that rotates strangely is Uranus, which spins on its side due to an earlier impact that likely caused it.
The bright Venus
After the Moon, Venus is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky. Venus’ atmosphere, which is reflective and shiny due to the Sulphur acid clouds, blocks our view of its surface. Its brightness makes it visible even during the day – if it’s clear and you know where to look.
The earliest discovery
Although Venus is visible to the unaided eye, it is impossible to pinpoint the person who discovered the planet. Venus was the first planet whose motions were mapped across the sky as early as the second millennium BC. The uncommon Venus transit, in which the planet seems to cross in front of the Sun, has also allowed us to track Venus’ travels over the years.
Often, we pronounce Venerian as “Venusian.” According to the standards of Latin, we should use the adjective “venerean” to characterize anything having to do with Venus. The word “venereal” is considered to be too near to this. Despite its awkward derivation, the word “Venusian” is more frequently employed.
The historical Venus
IMAGE CREDITS: Unsplash.com
Venus research dates back to 1600 BCE with the ancient Babylonians. They observed multiple planets and stars as they moved. The earliest known astronomical record is a 21-year-old Venus journal kept in Babylonia. Ancient civilizations like the Mayans and Greeks all had significant representations of Venus in their mythologies. The Roman goddess of love and beauty is where the term “Venus” originates.
The intense pressures on the surface of Venus are just one of many factors that make walking about their intolerable. A pressure created by the atmosphere that is nearly 90 times greater than that on Earth is comparable to the pressure found around 0.6 miles (one kilometer) beneath the surface of the ocean.
Venus is like Earth
Venus is extremely similar to Earth when compared just on the basis of its physical characteristics. They are about the same in size and density, have comparable compositions, and appear to have relatively new surfaces that are encircled by a cloudy atmosphere. But, it’s important to note that the majority of Venus’ clouds contain sulfuric acid, which isn’t something you want falling on you!
Phases of Venus
Venus goes through various phases, just like the moon. Every nine and a half months or so, Venus switches from being a “morning star” to a “evening star” as it revolves around the sun within Earth’s orbit. It fluctuates between various illumination percentages during this time, which is a characteristic that everyone typically associated with the moon.
Rarity of ‘transits’
IMAGE CREDITS: istockphoto.com
One of the two planets that revolve around the sun in Earth’s orbit is Venus. These two planets, together with Mercury, can occasionally pass in front of the sun, casting shadows that occasionally travel across the sun over the course of hours. These trips are called “transits,” and Venus is known to make them in pairs, with more than a century separating them. This makes it an extremely unusual occurrence.
It’s a king-size oven
Venus is the sun’s hottest planet, hotter even than Mercury’s dayside, which reaches temperatures of 801 degrees Fahrenheit (427 degrees Celsius). Venus’ dense, carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere effectively retains the heat, resulting in surface temperatures greater than 880 degrees Fahrenheit (470 degrees C).
In addition to having the most volcanoes on its surface of any planet in the solar system, Venus has a hellish appearance. There are 1,500 active volcanoes known to exist on Earth, while Mars is most renowned for having Olympus Mons, the biggest volcano in the solar system. But even excluding the lesser ones or any that haven’t yet been discovered, Venus has around 1,600 large volcanoes that are known to exist.
Venus has no moon
IMAGE CREDITS: istockphoto.com
Our solar system’s only planets without their own moons are Venus and Mercury. Mercury’s lack of a moon is somewhat more reasonable given that any candidates would be adversely affected by its close proximity to the sun and that it is even smaller than some of the known moons, such as Jupiter’s Ganymede and Saturn’s Titan. The explanation for Venus’ lack of a moon, according to some academics, is more complex.
Know about more Venus:
See predictions in the field of physics:
Universe is quite scary, know more:


There has been a fairly impressive fail in geo-visualization in discussion on digital channels in Germany during the last days i wanted to comment on here.
It is the new banner image of the Twitter account of the conservative party in Germany – the CDU:
Politically it is just a fairly awkward attempt at siphoning support for Fridays for Future and climate change concerns for their own conservative agenda. But the more interesting part is the background image which in several aspects is in blatant conflict with the physical reality.
If you look at the image – use the link to see a larger version – you can find a number of typical beginners’ mistakes when doing whole Earth or large area geo-visualization:
- The atmosphere is completely unrealistic in thickness and density profile. The actual earth atmosphere is relatively thick (meaning optically thick) in its lower part and thins out rapidly in the upper parts. The thick lower part at the full size image would be no more than 3-4 pixels in size at the edge of the earth disk – it would not be the fluffy kind of halo around it as shown in the above image.
- The mountains are so excessively exaggerated in height that the whole thing becomes a caricature of the actual earth shape. This means the whole illustration completely lacks a sense of scale for Earth and the viewer gets the impression of Earth being a kind of toy model of maybe a few dozen kilometers in size.
- The lighting is absolutely ridiculous – sun direction is kind of an early summer morning situation – though probably from a bit further north than physically possible. But this is combined with a nighttime visualization of the earth surface on the right (eastern) side – where the sun seems to come from.
So overall what does it communicate? That the CDU is making politics for an imagined toy planet that renounces the laws of physics.


The blue is taken from a satellite photo of Earth. Blue, because the largest portion of our planet is covered by ocean, and it is neutral, because no continent is emphasised.
The three lines symbolize that our planet is third from the central star, and the green symbolizes life.
The yellow half-circle is the Sun (the colour taken from an actual image of the Sun). Energy flows from it to all planets of the Solar system, which is symbolized by the horizontal line, which comes from its centre.
p.s. If you turn the image by 90 degrees, you see a stylized flower.


Here is some listening practice, together with the tape script below. Click on the link to hear the audio.
Why is the sky blue?
Well, first we need to understand a little bit about how light works. When light travels from the sun, it moves up and down like a wave, similar to the waves you see on the ocean. Some waves are close together and others are further apart. The distance between each bump in a wave is called wavelength, and when all of the different wavelengths travel together, light appears white to our eyes. But if you break up sunlight so that the waves are separated, you will see individual colours. In fact, every colour has its own unique wavelength. Bluish colours have a short wavelength and move up and down more often than a colour like red, which has a longer wavelength.
So if light from the sun contains all of these different colours, why does the sky appear blue? Well, it also has to do with the way these waves interact with the atmosphere. If there were nothing between the sun and our eyes, the sun would look like a white circle in a black sky. But the atmosphere gets in the way and changes the way the light behaves. While the atmosphere may seem like a large empty space, it is actually made up of a whole bunch of tiny little particles like air molecules, water, and dust. Light waves are tiny too, so when they finally reach the atmosphere they have a hard time dodging the small particles in the sky. The shorter wavelengths of light, like blue and violet, move up and down so much they tend to interact with the particles more often than other colours. These colours get bounced around so much they spread through the atmosphere and fill the sky. Even though purple light is also scattered out across the sky, our eyes are more sensitive to blue light, and so the sky appears more of a bluish colour. Red, yellow, and green coloured lightwaves bounce around too, but not as much, and more of this light passes through. When these colours are mixed together, they appear a yellowish-white, which is why the sun looks somewhat yellow to our eyes.
So now you know when you look at a blue sky you are actually looking at a portion of sunlight that has been broken up and scattered by billions of tiny particles.


Picture of the Day
Factory for WW2 bomber nose cones. If we were serious about waging a war, we'd ration resources and employ the citizenry in such activities.
In the News
This is the reason you don't have a presidential line item veto: Bush will either accept a withdrawal timeline or reject generous Iraq funding. The Democrats say they can outvote the veto, which will make the bill into law. That's pretty rare, but then Bush himself has rarely used his veto power.
+ + +
The news that a possible inhabitable planet has been discovered means very little to me. I support deep-space exploration, but we're not employing enough development or budgets to consider it seriously. And by the time we're able to look at this second earth with any reliable technology, we'll see something that throws our theories into chaos. It's inevitable with space research. We're still learning about the sun, and it's literally 1 million times closer to us than the new planet. Our sun is 8 light minutes away; the planet is 20 light years distant. It would take you 20 years to get there if you traveled at the speed of light.


Space travel has changed a lot in the past few years. In the 1960’s we were racing the Russians to the moon. Now, we have billionaire entrepreneurs racing to send their friends into space. Heck, Elon Musk even sent a freaking Tesla into space. These ventures are all possible because of the resources of the rich, but what about the planet’s resources? We looked into the effects that these launches have on the planet and oh boy, Houston, we do have a problem.
SUBSCRIBE FOR THE LATEST VIDEOS
VISIT DIGITAL TRENDS
Video gear we use:
Panasonic GH5 https://amzn.to/2IWEyfc
Lumix 12-60mm Camera Lens https://amzn.to/2IWEJHo
Sony A7iii https://amzn.to/2SNeUJn
Sony E 50mm F1.8 OSS https://amzn.to/2NMDBVj
Konova K3 Camera Slider https://amzn.to/2EEeLCV
Godox SL-60W https://amzn.to/2EEeLCV
Neewer 660 LED Video Light https://amzn.to/2ERDjtw
Benro S6 Video Tripod https://amzn.to/2SOLRVD
Digital Trends may earn a commission when you buy through links on our channels.


3 edition of Infrared telescope found in the catalog.
by University of Alabama in Huntsville, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, National Technical Information Service, distributor in Huntsville, Ala, Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala, [Springfield, Va
Written in English
|Statement||by Gerald R. Karr and John B. Henricks.|
|Series||NASA contractor report -- NASA CR-171392.|
|Contributions||Hendricks, John B., George C. Marshall Space Flight Center.|
|The Physical Object|
brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. The mechanical coolant system will keep the entire telescope (meter mirror, all instruments, and enclosing tube, altogether weighing about kilograms) below 8 K. This is what makes SPICA unique. The major infrared observatories of the past had parts that were kept cold, but not the entire thing.
The infrared Universe. Spitzer is only one of six infrared telescopes that debuted between and (I was lucky enough to have been involved with Author: Michael Rowan-Robinson. An infrared telescope is a telescope that uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies. Infrared light is one of several types of radiation present in the electromagnetic spectrum.. All celestial objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit some form of electromagnetic radiation. In order to study the universe, scientists use several different types of telescopes to detect these.
Achernar is a bright, blue star with about seven times the mass of the Sun. It is a main sequence star with a stellar classification of B6 Vep, but is about 3, times more luminous than the Sun. Infrared observations of the star using an adaptive optics system on the Very Large Telescope show thatConstellation: Eridanus. An infrared telescope is a telescope that detects infrared radiation (heat energy).All objects in the universe that have a temperature above absolute zero give off some form of electromagnetic ed light is one of several types of radiation present in the electromagnetic spectrum.. Astronomers use several different types of telescopes to detect different types of emitted.
Regulation of sundry articles, at the town-meeting at Portsmouth, October 1st, 1779.
school maam looks at money
Clinical Simulations: Pediatric Nursing I
The neat duties, and the draw-back upon exportation, (all discounts and abatements deducted) of all drugs specified in the book of rates
Society, delinquency and delinquent behavior
general features of the moral government of God.
Survey of international affairs, 1939-1946
The Garden of Eden & Other Criminal Delights
Gskyer Telescope, 70mm Aperture mm AZ Mount Astronomical Refracting Infrared telescope book for Kids Beginners - Travel Telescope with Carry Bag, Phone Adapter and Wireless Remote out of 5 stars $ $ 99 $ $ : infrared telescope. Skip to main content. Try Prime All Go Search EN Hello, Sign in Account & Lists Sign in Account & Lists Orders Try Prime.
The Life Story of an Infrared Telescope. Authors: Davies, John K. Written by one of the astronomers who 'lived the dream' of working there this book is a restrospectively expanded diary featuring the 'birth and long life' of what was a truely innovative telescope.
Based on input received from people involved in its planning, building. Webb e-book ( MB pdf) NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has been providing amazing images of the universe since April and has led to remarkable discoveries. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope is the next-generation telescope that will peer.
Infrared telescope book The Aerobee Infrared Telescope rocket was launched into measure the infrared sky background. Ina landmark catalogue was published from observations made with sounding rockets, the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory catalogue (AFGL) by Stephan Price and Russell Walker, with objects (wavelength coverage 4–30 µm).Cited by: 3.
The first I heard of a possible NASA infrared telescope was at a meeting at JPL in which Bill Brunk called to consider its desirability and, given that, how one might define the desirable site qualities, and seek the best place to build it. A primary outcome of that meeting (at which about 30 people were present) was that a site-evaluation.
The first orbital infrared telescope, the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS), launched inincreased the known astronomical catalog by about 70 percent. Terrestrial telescopes have trouble seeing through atmospheric turbulence, and -- most importantly to our subject today -- they also have the crummy luck of having to look through the Earth's atmosphere, which absorbs a lot of the UV and infrared light that space is giving off [source: Melina].Author: Kate Kershner.
Infrared telescope, instrument designed to detect and resolve infrared radiation from sources outside Earth’s atmosphere such as nebulae, young stars, and gas and dust in other galaxies.
Infrared telescopes do not differ significantly from reflecting telescopes designed to observe in the visible region of the electromagnetic main difference between the two types is in the. 14 rows List of largest infrared telescopes, by diameter of entrance aperture, oriented towards large.
Infrared radiation, though invisible to human eyes, can appear in images made by cameras modified to be sensitive to the infrared spectrum. Normal digital cameras shield their sensor with an infrared filter. By removing this filter and attaching your camera to a telescope, you can take photographs of distant objects that cannot normally be seen.
Written by one of the astronomers who 'lived the dream' of working there this book is a restrospectively expanded diary featuring the 'birth and long life' of what was a truely innovative telescope.
Based on input received from people involved in its planning, building, operation, and many scientists who observed with it, the author tells this.
The book "Hubble Space Telescope: Discoveries" takes the reader on a tour of Hubble's most significant science successes, combined with some of the telescope's technology and history.
For more than two decades, Hubble has had a front-row seat for cosmic events: comets bombarding Jupiter, the explosive death of stars, the birth of new solar. This book will serve as an excellent resource for both professionals and amateurs who want to enter the realm of the infrared observer.’ Steven V.
Beckwith - Director, Space Telescope Science Institute. Today, NASA is shutting down the Spitzer Space Telescope, an observatory that’s been wandering through space for 16 years, observing the Universe in infrared.
The decision to turn off the Author: Loren Grush. Stars also emit invisible energies, including radio waves, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma, and X rays. Except for light and radio waves, almost all of this energy is screened out by Earth's atmosphere. Early Space Telescopes The first space telescopes were designed to observe these screened-out invisible energies.
A new view of the famous Horsehead Nebula taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in infrared wavelengths. The nebula, shadowy in optical light, appears transparent and ethereal when seen in the infrared, represented here with visible shades.
Infrared Telescope Carl Sagan Spacecraft Outer Space Looking Back Astronomy Cosmos That Look Universe7 pins. Written by one of the astronomers who 'lived the dream' of working there this book is a restrospectively expanded diary featuring the 'birth and long life' of what was a truely innovative telescope.
Based on input received from people involved in its planning, building, operation, and many scientists who observed with it, the author tells this success story of The United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Brand: Springer International Publishing.
Written by one of the astronomers who 'lived the dream' of working there this book is a restrospectively expanded diary featuring the 'birth and long life' of what was a truely innovative telescope. Based on input received from people involved in its planning, building, operation, and many scientists who observed with it, the author tells this success story of The United Kingdom Infrared.
The differences between the Palomar telescope and the modern Gemini North telescope (to take an example) are easily seen in Figure The Palomar telescope is a massive steel structure designed to hold the ton primary mirror with a 5-meter diameter. In their new book, “More Things in the Heavens: How Astronomy is Expanding our View of the Universe,” JPL senior research scientists Michael Werner and Author: Sara Cardine."More Things in the Heavens reveals how important infrared astronomy has been to increasing our understanding of the cosmos."—Iain Todd, BBC Sky at Night "For serious space fans, this ode to NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope reveals what we’ve learned by looking at the universe through an infrared lens."—Science News.As new systems become operational, such as LSST and a space-based infrared telescope, this will become a more pressing issue.
_____ 7 NRC (National Research Council),Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the DecadeWashington, DC: The National Academies Press, p. S


Galleria Lia Rumma is pleased to announce Dear Urania, a solo exhibition by Victor Burgin, which will open on Sunday, October 16th, 2016 in the Neapolitan gallery space.
Artist and academic, author of fundamental essays on photography and art theory, Burgin is an undisputed master of conceptual art. In the seventies, his work investigated the relationship between image and text (Galleria Lia Rumma, Naples, 1972) and from there he went on to examine the complex area between still and moving images. His work explores the nature of the image, but also picks out the dominant aspects of its representation. His most recent projects are made using software for creating virtual games, a medium that allows him to take the image to a state in which it is essentially virtual. As he has often pointed out, his exhibitions are a response to the places and cities to which he is invited and to the inspiration and mental associations that come from them.
For Dear Urania in particular, the inspiration comes from a short pamphlet called Report on the First Voyage to the Moon Made by a Woman in the Year of Our Lord 2057, written in 1857 by the mathematician and astronomer Ernesto Capocci di Belmonte (1798-1864), director of the newly built Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory in 1833. He was removed from his post in 1850 for having taken part in the 1848 liberal revolution against Bourbon rule. Capocci was restored to office in 1860, when Garibaldi arrived in Naples, and remained director of the observatory until his death in 1864. In the pamphlet – which, it is worth pointing out, predates the highly imaginative and far more famous pages by Jules Verne – the protagonist, Urania, writes a long letter from the Moon to her friend Ernestina on Earth, with “the most bizarre details of this wonderful voyage”.
Dear Urania is a “reaction” to this letter. In an intricately allusive multiplication of space-time, gliding between the past and near future, between Naples and America, and from the Moon to the Earth and back, Burgin does not simply transcribe the content of Ernestina’s letter, but rather imagines the circumstances in which it was written. There are two videos, one showing the various phases of the Moon, and the other Ernestina’s words. These appear in the form of intertitles, alternating with the movement of the camera in an almost empty loft. The videos are accompanied by Pagine dallo Sketchbook di Ernestina Capocci and two series of photographs, (Basilica I and Basilica II), which suggest an analogy between the lunar landscape and that of Pompeii.


We have a 50% full moon here tonight at Studio B and the sky has turned lovely colors. It's a tiny bit chilly and all is still. A perfect night a walk with a camera.
Moon in the crook of the tree. Love this cloud formation! P.S. This is post number 196, I'll celebrate my 200th post with a give away. To be eligible to win, you'll need to be a "follower" of my blog, so click to become a follower today. Thanks!


Masters physics student Gabriel Casabona has received the DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship, a highly-prestigious four-year graduate fellowship awarded to approximately 25 recipients nationwide each year. The fellowship carries a generous stipend of $36,000 annually, paid tuition and fees at any Ph.D. granting-institution in the US, an annual academic allowance for professional development and computer equipment, and a 12-week practicum at a DOE national laboratory. Gabriel studies turbulence-driven detonation of thermonuclear supernovae with CSCVR faculty member Robert Fisher.
Public lecture on black holes and gravity waves
February 21, 2019
CSCVR faculty member, Scott Field, gave an ICERM Public Lecture on Discovering Black Holes and Gravitational Waves: Algorithms and Simulation. The event, which was attended by about 120 people, summarized the 100 years of work leading up to the recent Nobel-prize-winning gravitational wave detection. The talk especially focused on key contributions from mathematicians and computational scientists. The video can be viewed here.


They say time speeds up as you age. Have you noticed how short a day can be now and things that happened a week ago could have been yesterday?
Well, that’s a mind thing. But recently, time actually sped up for the planet Earth.
You probably didn’t notice, but the Earth’s rotation has been slowing down. Until June, that is.
Earth recorded its shortest day on record, on June 29, completing one rotation in 1.59 milliseconds under 24 hours.
That’s not much, but it’s got scientists wondering, perplexed and a little worried. They aren’t exactly sure what is causing the slightly faster rotation but speculate it could be linked to climate change, tides, or even the Earth’s layers.
Irregular rotations create the need for something known as a leap second, a second added to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) that keeps our clocks as close to solar time - the movements of the Sun - as possible.
“If Earth’s fast rotation continues, it could lead to the introduction of the first-ever negative leap second,” a story published on the timeanddate website warned.
A negative leap second is a second taken away from atomic clocks.
“This would be required to keep civil time, which is based on the super-steady beat of atomic clocks, in step with solar time, which is based on the movement of the Sun.
“A negative leap second would mean that our clocks skip one second, which could create potential problems for IT systems,” the timeanddate story said.
Meta said in a blog post late last month that a negative leap second could have a “devastating effect”.
In part, that’s because some technological systems have a baked-in assumption that time moves only forward.
These IT systems are likely to have massive outages if their internal clocks ever need to move back to compensate for an irregularly fast rotation of the Earth.
“The impact of a negative leap second has never been tested on a large scale. It could have a devastating effect on the software relying on timers or schedulers,” Meta said.
“Introducing new leap seconds is a risky practice that does more harm than good. We believe it is time to introduce new technologies to replace it,” the post said.
In 2012, Reddit was inaccessible for up to 40 minutes after an outage caused by a leap second which confused the system’s timer.
“The leap second and the offset it creates cause issues all over the industry,” Meta wrote.
A group of scientists - Leonid Zotov, Christian Bizouard and Nikolay Sidorenkov - believe the irregular rotations are caused by the Chandler Wobble.
The Chandler wobble describes an irregular movement of Earth’s geographical poles across the globe's surface.
The melting and refreezing of ice caps on the world’s tallest mountains could be contributors. The phenomenon can be visualised by imagining a spinning figure skater slowing down when their arms are outstretched and speeding up as their arms are tucked in.
For further reading: 7news.com.au


1062 plays / Created Nov 06, 15
Before we talk about what we believe to be the most remarkable instrument on Earth—the human voice—we’d like to discuss Mars. Specifically, whether we would, given the opportunity, abandon this soul-crushingly beautiful, faltering planet forever to live there. The answer is no. We would not. And the reason why: There are no choirs on Mars. "But Mars could have choirs, once someone gets there, right?" We sincerely hope so. Until there is proof, we cannot commit to never again hearing the goosebump-raising, tear-inducing, awesome, celebratory, desperate, mournful, overwhelming sound of humans raising their voices together, to sing the same song. We’re staying with the people, and music like this.


A man and his dog are enjoying the warm glow of a fire.
But when they go outside and look in the sky, they’ll notice something else that’s almost certainly a cloud.
“It’s an iridesce,” says the dog, who’s referring to a phenomenon where the iridescape of the sky appears to grow or shrink depending on the angle of the sun’s rays.
“We all saw that on TV and we all thought it was a bad sign, but it’s really not.”
The phenomenon was first spotted on the night of August 10th, but the two-year-old dog was the first to witness it.
“I just saw the bright flash of the moon on the horizon,” the dog said.
“And then the sky started to get a little bit brighter.”
“The dog is actually the first person to see the iris,” said Jason Ewing, a spokesperson for the National Geographic Society.
“That’s because the irisescape is actually created by a lens that takes the light from the sun and redirects it towards the retina, where it’s then projected onto the retina to form the iridoscope.”
What makes the iridiscent phenomenon unique is that the irise is actually a cloud of dust that is created when light hits the retina at different angles.
This process is similar to the way a light beam travels through glass, creating a tiny mirror that reflects the light and then reflects back to the eye.
“In the process of being reflected back to you, the light also reflects back through the iristatic lens, which is like a lens and it reflects the same light back,” Ewing explained.
“You can actually see it in real life, but that’s just what you see.”
The iridescope is only the most recent discovery to have been made.
Earlier this year, astronomers discovered a phenomenon that appeared to be a cloud that appeared in the evening sky.
The cloud is also thought to be caused by a chemical called thalassaiolin that is produced by algae.
This chemical is used in some types of cosmetics to keep them looking fresh, bright, and free of fingerprints.
But thalasolin is also used in sunscreens and in the manufacture of eyeglasses, so it’s not surprising that the two are often associated with the phenomenon.
The iris cloud that the dog saw has been dubbed the “diamond iris” and it has also been dubbed “a diamond of the night” by some.
The researchers think that the cloud may have originated from an incident in a meteor shower that was taking place in the northern hemisphere and they believe that it has a similar color to the light coming from the moon.
“If you think about the light bouncing off the sun, it’s like that,” said Ewing.
“So, we know that if you were in the sun for a long time, you’d get a reflection of light off the sky that would be like a diamond, and then you’d see that reflection when you looked at the sky again.
And that’s what’s happening here.”
The study, published in the Journal of Meteorology, is based on a detailed analysis of images taken from a camera mounted on the roof of a house in the suburb of St. Louis.
The team took the images over the course of two nights to study how the light bounced off the corona of the Sun and how it was reflected back.
They then used computer simulations to simulate how the sky looked when it was illuminated with sunlight.
They found that the coronal light bounced back from the sky at different wavelengths depending on how much the sun was shining on it.
The coronal reflection of the light is what allows for the iride of the solar corona to appear to grow.
And this effect was also observed in the daytime when the moon was high in the night sky.
“Our model predicts that the reflected light will be a reddish-brown color, but what it actually looks like is that there will be very little light,” said the team.
“The light will just be completely absorbed by the coronas.
But that is also what makes the coronzon a little redder than a normal red, and so that makes it more apparent.”
The corona, a hot and dense region of space in the solar system, is made up of billions of charged particles, and the coroni are responsible for the brilliant light reflected off the Sun.
But how does this reflect off the iratescope and how does it affect the shape of the iriris?
According to the team, the coroscope appears to be made up mostly of carbon, which gives the sky its golden hue.
But the irissides, or irides that are actually forming, are made up mainly of nitrogen.
“What you see is that they are actually made of a very thin layer of nitrogen,” said Eliza Waddell, a research scientist at the Royal Astronomical Society, who


Freeflirt4me com Serbia cam free
Consequently the planets are at times further from the Sun than at others, and they are then said to be in their aphelion, the opposite point of the orbit where they are nearest to the Sun being called the perihelion.
As far back as the year 2154, we find mention of the great importance attaching to the celestial phenomena in the minds of Chinese rulers.
Uranus completes its orbital revolution in 84 years, Jupiter in 12 years, Mars in about 15 months, Venus in 11 months, and Mercury in 18 weeks.
If you imagine these bodies to be revolving in a plane around the Sun and yourself to be standing within the Sun, the motions of these bodies will appear almost uniform and always in one direction.
It claims for itself a place among the sciences for the sole reason that it is capable of mathematical demonstration, and deals only with the observed positions and motions of the heavenly bodies; and the man who holds to the principia of Newton, the solidarity of the solar system, the interaction of the planetary bodies and their consequent electrostatic effects upon the Earth, cannot, while subject to the air he breathes, deny the foundation principles of astrology.
The application of these principles to the facts of everyday life is solely a matter of prolonged research and tabulation upon an elaborate scale which has been going on for thousands of years in all parts of the world, so that all the reader has to do is to make his own horoscope and put the science to the test of true or false.
Were the orbits of the planets circular and the Sun holding the centre of the circle, their motions would be constant, that is to say, always in the same direction and at the same rate.


What is the surface of Mars like? Why does Venus glow in the dark? How do scientists explore faraway planets? Beginner readers can find answers to these questions and more in this colourful information book. Illustrated with stunning photographs and illustrations accompanied by short, informative text developed with reading experts. Includes carefully selected internet-links to exciting websites about the Solar System.
Key Stage: EYFS/KS1 S
Lexile Measure: 580L
Book Band: Gold
Accelerated Reader level: 4.1 LY
Extent: 32 pages
Dimensions: 204 x 150mm
Author/Editor: Emily Bone
Illustrator: Terry Pastor and Tim Haggerty
“A Great Series”
This was the first of the Beginners Series that we bought for our 6 year old son. He loves looking through the pictures and reading about what different planets are like. We have now bought him several in the series and he enjoys looking at which book he is going to ask for next.


For several tantalizing months last year, NASA's Phoenix Mars spacecraft sent back images from the Martian Arctic of what scientists were pretty sure was ice. Water -- the stuff of life -- frozen in the red soil.
Now, a team of scientists, led by Nilton Renno of the University of Michigan, is making a new splash, if you'll pardon the pun. They have presented a paper saying they think Phoenix saw liquid water -- splashed onto part of its landing gear. If they're right, it's a big deal.
Or maybe not.
Their paper is HERE, and their wording is pretty bold. "We show independent physical and thermodynamical evidence that besides ice, liquid-saline water exists in areas disturbed by the Phoenix lander," they write. A few lines later, "we hypothesize that liquid saline-water is common on Mars. This finding has important implications for the stability of liquid water, weathering, mineralogy, geochemistry, and the habitability of Mars."
Their theory is that the Martian soil around the Phoenix landing site was rich in perchlorate salts, which act as antifreeze when mixed with water in the thin atmosphere. The result, they say, is what you see in the following three images:
These pictures were taken 8, 31 and 44 Martian days after the landing last May. Look at the two highlighted spheroids, and how they appear slowly to merge, a little like droplets on your windshield on a soggy day.
Keep in mind that this was a paper presented at a conference specifically to provoke scientific debate, not a peer-reviewed published paper meant to report a finding. So the debate is on, and other scientists have their doubts.
"It's just water vapor moving around," said Michael Hecht, a Phoenix co-investigator at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab.
"I completely agree with Nilton that the topic deserves attention," he said to me on the phone. "I only disagree with him -- strongly -- on whether there was liquid water on the landing struts. It distracts from some of the more important questions."
Hecht said, "It may just be plain old ice." Ice is very common in the universe -- think of comets, or the moons of Jupiter. Water in gaseous form is too. But liquid water is critical to life as we know it, and so far it seems very rare.
"I suppose sending another ship to get more answers would be nice?" I asked with a laugh.
Hecht answered in the same spirit. "If you know any NASA higher-ups, please let me know."
(Photo credits: NASA/JPL)


Course Number: PHYS 10240-1
Instructor: John LoSecco
An elective course for students planning to major in the arts and letters or business. It is designed to acquaint the non-mathematically inclined student with the most important discoveries in physics of the last few decades and how they have altered our perceptions of the origin and structure of the universe. This course examines such questions as: “Where did the universe come from?” “Why do scientists feel sure that it was born in a cosmic fireball called the Big Bang?” and “Where did the Big Bang itself come from?” This is a reading-intensive course based on popularizations of science written for the curious and intelligent layperson. The emphasis will be on class discussion of the readings. One book report and a term paper are required in addition to examinations. If taken by College of Science students, this course counts as general elective credit.


What is the Moon Illusion? It is often hard for an observer on earth to judge the true size of the Moon. The Moon may look bigger or smaller depending on where in the sky we see it in the sky. Most observers will say the Moon looks bigger when it is close to the horizon, and smaller or normal when it is higher in the sky.
Why? A universally excepted explanation of the phenomenon is still being hotly debated but most agree that the Moon Illusion exists. The distance between the Earth and the Moon changes very little—not enough to cause the effects we see. The Moon does not change size. It’s physical size is constant at 3,476 km. There is not enough atmosphere around the Earth to cause a lens effect, and the illusion is probably not caused by magic. Nevertheless, something does cause the Moon to appear bigger, or smaller depending upon where it is in the sky. The phenomenon is often called the Moon Illusion.
Here is an Interactive Demonstration of the Moon Illusion. Please note that this is not the actual moon illusion. However it is an accurate representation of the actual effect. Our minimum and maximum moon sizes are based on the apparent size differences (± 1.5) as reported by most observers. Here is what the Moon might look like to an observer on the ground.
Read/See More About It To learn more about the Moon Illusion we suggest a visit to Donald E. Simanek’s web page, The Moon Illusion, An Unsolved Mystery. You’ll find an informative article complete with references and links. Here at Sandlot we’ve reprinted a short article from ScienceNews called, The Moon Moon Also Rises—And Assumes New Sizes; Feb 2000.


Step-by-step guide on how to buy a star
Every year is the same story: your girlfriend’s birthday is rapidly approaching and you simply cannot find one thing she does not already have and needs so that you can offer it as a gift. If you want to stand out from the crowd and to truly impress her this year for her birthday, then probably the best option you can resort to is to buy a star gift box for her. It is for sure that the person you most love will highly appreciate this magical gift.
Worth mentioning is the fact that numerous stars that exist in the sky remain nameless, so this is a great opportunity that people can take advantage of in order to impress their loved ones and offer them a certificate that proves a star has been named after them.
The first important aspect one needs to consider in this situation is to have clear idea on how much money they are willing to spend. From one company that provides this name a star service to another, price may vary depending on the type and size of the star.
Another thing you should take into account is the kind of star you want to buy. Keep in mind that there are different types of stars in the sky, from blue giants to red dwarfs, red giants and so on. It is advisable you do some quick research on the Internet and learn a bit about each type of star in order to have a clearer idea on which one would make for the best choice for the gift receiver. If you want to make a great impression, you should try matching the type of star to the qualities the person you intend to buy the star for. For example, in case that person’s favorite color is blue, you can consider buying them a blue giant.
Another way you can determine which star to buy is by taking into account the zodiac sign of that person. Therefore, you can select a star that is located in the constellation attributed to the specific zodiac sign. This will make the receiver think that you are the type of person that pays great attention to small details, which is something they will definitely appreciate.
Selecting a star registry may be challenging considering the fact that nowadays there are numerous star-selling services available, yet if you pay attention to certain important facets, you will end up making the right choice. Star Register is one very good example of official registry of star names. You should know that these registries provide a wide selection of packages that meet nearly every budget, so all you have to do is look for the one that best matches yours. You can choose whatever name you want for your star, as there are no limits or rules to follow when it comes to this aspect.
All things considered, buying a star for someone you love seems to be the best gift idea, as it is not expensive at all and it is a unique and magical gift to offer.


- NASA’s InSight mission to Mars has returned quite a lot of worthwhile data, however considered one of its devices has fallen effectively wanting expectations.
- The self-hammering “mole” tool was presupposed to burrow deep beneath the Martian floor, nevertheless it’s failed miserably.
- After months and months of trial and error, NASA is formally giving up on the mole and has determined to cease messing with it.
NASA has a protracted historical past of overperforming on the Crimson Planet. Its rovers have carried out so effectively that a few of them have lasted for years and even many years longer than they have been designed to. That’s fairly superior, however inevitably there will occasions when issues don’t fairly go the way in which that NASA deliberate.
The Mars InSight mission is a type of occasions. Now, to be completely clear, a lot of what the InSight lander has achieved throughout its time on Mars has been nice. Most of its devices and tools have carried out precisely as supposed. Nevertheless, if you’ve read something about InSight over the previous year or so, it’s in all probability due to considered one of its tools that simply hasn’t done its job: the self-hammering “mole” tool.
The primary indicators of bother started shortly after the lander touched down on Mars. The mole simply didn’t appear to have the ability to dig deeper than just a few inches, when it was supposed to achieve a depth of over 10 ft at a minimal. NASA tried a number of strategies within the following months to attempt to get the mole to dig, however nothing labored.
They tried to reposition the mole so it had a greater shot at digging, they tried to push towards the soil surrounding the mole so it may get a grip and sufficient traction to push itself deeper, and they even tried simply forcing it into the outlet by slamming down on its “butt,” so to talk, however to no avail. It doesn’t matter what NASA’s InSight workforce appeared to do, it didn’t permit the rover to dig for any vital distance, and after losing a lot time attempting to get it to work, the workforce has determined its effort is best spent elsewhere.
“We’ve given it every thing we’ve bought, however Mars and our heroic mole stay incompatible,” Tilman Spohn, the principal investigator working with the instrument, mentioned in an announcement. “Happily, we’ve discovered rather a lot that can profit future missions that try and dig into the subsurface.”
Going ahead, no extra time can be spent attempting to get the probe to work, and its potential to offer subsurface temperature readings and broaden our data of Mars is being deserted. The lander, nonetheless, will proceed to work with the remainder of its instrument suite and return worthwhile data to Earth.
“We’re so happy with our workforce who labored hard to get InSight’s mole deeper into the planet. It was superb to see them troubleshoot from tens of millions of miles away,” NASA’s Thomas Zurbuchen mentioned. “That is why we take dangers at NASA – we need to push the bounds of technology to be taught what works and what doesn’t. In that sense, we’ve been profitable: We’ve discovered rather a lot that can profit future missions to Mars and elsewhere, and we thank our German companions from DLR for offering this instrument and for his or her collaboration.”


You may have heard about MN4, well it seems that this Asteroid may well still hit Earth. We're going to have to wait until 2029 to get more of an idea, because at this point the orbit that it takes may well be impacted by Earth. Once this happens, if the orbit is affected enough then in 2035 it could impact Earth.
Although it would probably not result in the destruction of life as we know it on Earth, it would cause a lot of problems. We're just going to have to wait until we get closer to 2029 to fine out if there is going to be a problem. Check out the current data here.Post ID: 764, posted by jase at 11:15 AM
Thanks for signing in, . Now you can comment. (sign out)(If you haven't left a comment here before, you may need to be approved before your comment will appear.)


On this night, the planet Mars will pass just 34.65 million miles from the earth. To the naked eye it will look like a second moon in the night sky! The next time Mars will be this close to the earth will be in 2287. Share the news with your friends, this is once in…
Tag Archive for Event
This Happens Once Every 823 Years
by Ralph Severson • • 0 Comments
This year, July 2012 has 5 Fridays, 5 Saturdays and 5 Sundays. This happens once every 823 years. If you typically run out of money before month – you’re really screwed come this July!


Solar System Science – PSOL (6 sessions)
Venusian pancake volcanoes, methane snow, and diamond planets all make an appearance in this course exploring the wonders of space! We cover a range of fascinating topics spanning the sun, asteroids, moons, comets and planets.
Subject: Science / STEM
This course is available for enrolment as follows:
1) In the Online, Flexible Timing/Recorded format: enrol and start at any time
(6 sessions – £45)
Further details can be found here, on our FAQs page
If you would like to enrol your child, please use this simple little form below …


This year, Winter Solstice fell on the same day as a powerful, highly anticipated astrological conjunction. The solar system’s two largest planets, Jupiter and Saturn, aligned in the sign of Aquarius, appearing close together in the sky. This rare event only happens every twenty years. It heralds a new age of change. Aquarius is an air sign, and is said to bring an era of creativity, inspiration and new ways of thinking. A time to embrace spontaneity, think outside the box and be innovative.


Solar Eclipse – April 8th, 2024
The partial eclipse begins at 2:12 pm. Totality begins at 3:24 pm. The maximum eclipse is at 3:26 pm.
Watch this once-in-a-lifetime astronomical event and party on the sun deck in the Base Area!
Pink Floyd’s Dark Side of the Moon album will play in the air as this monumental astrological event occurs.
Our ski lifts are planned to close at 2 pm. Anticipate less light and visibility during the eclipse’s totality.
Complimentary safety eclipse glasses will be provided as supplies last.
Remember: Looking directly at the eclipse without proper eye protection is never safe. Eclipse glasses are NOT regular sunglasses; no matter how dark, are not safe for viewing the Sun.
Viewing any part of the bright Sun through a camera lens, binoculars, or a telescope without a special-purpose solar filter secured over the front of the optics will instantly cause severe eye injury.


The lunar calendar for Chinese people has always been and remains basic. Therefore, 3000 years ago and now, the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated when the moon in the sky is the brightest and most beautiful — on the full moon of the eighth month of the lunar calendar. In 2022, this time will fall on September 10-12, according to the Gregorian calendar.
Singapore has become a second home for many people from China, so this holiday is a momentous day here. During these holidays, Singaporeans send unique gifts to family members, friends, business partners, and others to whom they want to express gratitude.


Michael J. Leach is a statistician, epidemiologist, and poet with a passion for combining science and art. He works as a Senior Lecturer at Monash University. Michael’s poems reside in Cordite, Meniscus, the Medical Journal of Australia, the British Journal of Medical Practitioners, Plumwood Mountain, Pangyrus, the Antarctic Poetry Exhibition, Consilience, GRAVITON, and elsewhere. His poetry has been anthologised in One Surviving Poem (ICOE Press, 2019), No News (Recent Work Press, 2020), and Still You (Wolf Ridge Press, 2020). Michael’s debut poetry collection—a science- and health-themed chapbook—is forthcoming from Melbourne Poets Union. He lives in Bendigo, Australia.
A New Kind of Coalescence
the scientific silence.
A split-second signal
has just been detected
by LIGO 1 & Virgo 2.
Four low-frequency ripples
in the far-reaching fabric of spacetime
have successfully traveled
an astronomical distance
of 150 billion trillion km
over seven billion years—half
the age of our universe.
Powerful, primordial gravitational
waves have undulated
from their point of origin—
a place & time
of cosmic cataclysm.
An intermediate-mass black hole
equating 150 solar masses 3
from the fiery fusion
of a couple of black holes
in the forbidden range of masses.
Two radiantly haloed singularities 4
once spiralled into one another
amidst the solitude of space.
1. LIGO is the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. This observatory houses an interferometer—an instrument designed to detect gravitational waves.
2. Virgo is a type of interferometer—an instrument designed to detect gravitational waves.
3. A solar mass is the mass of Earth’s sun—approximately 2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg.
4. A singularity is the centre of a black hole. It contains an extremely high mass of matter within an infinitely small space.


The welcome reception to participants and accompanying persons will take place at the Conference venue, the Palacio de Congresos de Valencia, designed by Sir Norman Foster and chosen as the World’s Best Convention Centre in 2010. The event will include a welcome cocktail reception and a classical Flamenco Dance Performance.
Gravitation is the scientific topic of inspiration of the classical Flamenco Dance Performance. The show will consist on a series of multi-space, open-air performances on various small wooden platforms distributed around the welcome reception area. Several disconnected performances will take place, based and inspired on flamenco and Spanish dancing. A guitar player on one platform, a woman dancer on another one ... interacting in random ways. Meeting participants will be surrounded by several styles of mesmerizing classical flamenco music and performances.
CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF EDDINGTON’S 1919 EXPEDITION. A public performance will celebrate the hundredth anniversary of the Eddington observation of the solar eclipse of May 29 1919 from Príncipe Island in the west coast of Africa. According to Einstein’s General Relativity, light rays from distant stars passing near the Sun would bend because of the curvature of the space-time due to the presence of the Sun. Eddington’s expedition was the first to measure the deflection of light by massive bodies and to prove the correctness of General Relativity.
An open public space as the Plaza de la Virgen in Valencia is the perfect location for a show about Eddington’s expedition of 1919 executed by a number of contemporary-style-dressed performers. The duration of this performance will be around 20 minutes. Before the show itself, professional scientists will explain the experiment to the general public in a simple and understandable manner. Then, in a spontaneous way the performance will start accompanied by music.
Diversity Lunch. The GR22 and Amaldi13 conferences will host a Diversity and Inclusion Lunch. It is intended as a social-peer platform to celebrate diversity, discuss challenges, and collaborate on strategies to bolster diversity and inclusion. Lunch attendees will have the opportunity to share their personal views and life experiences on specific issues. Those include (but are not limited to) race, ethnicity and culture; age and professional experience; gender identity and sexual orientation; (dis)ability and impairments; religious beliefs; work-life-balance and needs of parents. For participation in the Diversity and Inclusion Lunch please contact the Code-of-Conduct Committee.
Round-table discussion about women in the fields of STEM.
Information on the event will be provided shortly.
Gabriela González is a professor of physics and astronomy at Louisiana State University searching for gravitational waves with the LIGO team. She was born in Córdoba, Argentina, studied at the University of Córdoba, and pursued her Ph.D. in Syracuse University, obtained in 1995. She was a staff scientist in the LIGO group at MIT, joined the faculty at Penn State in 1997 and moved to LSU. She received awards from the American Physical Society, the American Astronomical Society and the National Academy of Sciences, and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the US National Academy of Sciences. She has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration since 1997, serving as spokesperson in 2011-2017, and participated in the announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves in 2016. Her group works on LIGO instrument development, reducing noise sources and tuning alignment systems, and data diagnostics.
Conference, will be located at the Santiago Grisolía Auditorium, located at the heart of the Museu de les Ciències Príncep Felipe (how to get there).
Contemporary dance performance inspired by the detection of gravitational waves from binary neutron star merger GW170817. The public talk of Prof. Gabriela González will be followed by a dancing performance in the Santiago Grisolía auditorium. This performance will be inspired by the multi-instrument detection of GW170817, the result of the merger of two neutron stars which took place around 130 million light-years from us. The show will include references to all the processes involved in the merger and to all the important discoveries that followed, through background images linked with the dancing performance itself. The performers will be students of the Conservatorio Superior de Danza de Valencia.
Gala Dinner and Tribute to Stephen Hawking.
Information on the event will be provided shortly.
Libretto by Cary Plotkin with Ted Weiss, based on the composer’s idea.
Archimedes describes the life of the hellenistic polymath (physicist, mathematician and engineer) from his childhood until the end of his life, based on the Greek historian Plutarch’s biography of the Roman general Marcellus.
The selected scenes combine electroacustic music and synchronized video images, vocal soloists and mimes showing physical and mathematical concepts that Archimedes developed and applied to mechanical and pneumatic machines. Dashow adds some artistic licenses towards the end: shortly before dying, Archimedes imagines present-day physics, mathematics and cosmology (Feynman diagrams, string theory, the Big Bang, the multiverse, etc.).
James Dashow (1944, Chicago, USA) is a composer of electroacoustic music, instrumental music and opera.
One of the first composers for digital audio synthesis, he studied with Arthur Berger and Goffredo Petrassi (Fullbright scholarship), and was invited by G.
Tisato to work at the computer center of the University of Padua, where he created the first computer-based compositions. He has lectured at MIT and Princeton University and continues to teach master
classes and concerts in Europe and North America. He has been vice-president of the "International Computer Music Association". He is the author of the MUSIC30 language for digital sound synthesis
and inventor of the Dyad system. For several years, he co-produced a weekly program of contemporary music for RAI in collaboration with Riccardo Bianchini. The most important awards and prizes he
has received include the "Prix Magistere" de Bourges (2000), the Guggenheim Foundation (1989) the Koussevitzky Foundation (1998), and in 2011 the CEMAT Foundation awarded him the prize for his
entire career in recognition for his exceptional contributions to electro-acoustic music.
JAMES DASHOW'S WEBSITE
The Planetarium Opera, will be celebrated at the Hemisfèric (how to get there). Hemisferic, was the first element to be built at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències. The Hemisfèric, opened on April 10th 1998, is a unique and spectacular building designed by Santiago Calatrava and represents a large human eye, surrounded by water to enhance its beauty. It houses the planetarium and the largest IMAX Dome cinema in Spain.


HD Peak of Eternal Light
Peak of Eternal Light, Moon Temple.Created by Jorge Mañes Rubio as artist in residence at the European Space Agency ESA Spatial design & visualisation in collaboration with DITISHOE As we currently dive into a new era of colonisation and exploitation of celestial bodies, the ‘Moon Village’ —a new open collaborative robotic and human presence on the Moon— has been proposed by ESA’s new Director General as the next possible step in space exploration, the International Space Station being eventually decommissioned in 2024 and Mars being a far too distant goal for human spaceflight yet. Our fascination with the Moon dates back to the most ancient and primitive civilisations. A key element in mythologies of every culture, the connection with our closest celestial neighbour has always been a fascinating and mysterious one. The cadence and consistency of the lunar cycles, its delicate light and its changing appearance have hypnotised us for millennia, even after nearly five decades since the first man set foot on the Moon. Oddly enough, when appointed Artist in Residence at the European Space Agency ESA earlier this year, Jorge Mañes Rubio decided to explore a more human, anthropological and even spiritual approach when addressing a potential future human presence of the Moon as part of his current art project ‘Peak of Eternal Light’. Reimagining a future lunar settlement as a great opportunity to represent an infinity of cultures, nations and values, Rubio decided to revisit our past, looking for the traces that make us all human no matter where we come from in space or time.Joining ESA’s Advanced Concepts Team provided Rubio with the raw substance for modelling environments and creating experiences that he couldn’t have imagined before, his first research bringing up more questions than answers: what are the motivations and needs of new space civilizations going to be? What sort of rituals, aesthetics and new cultural artefacts will be created? When someone is born on the Moon, what culture will he grow into and develop? Instead of seeing it as just a potential site for groundbreaking scientific discovery, privileged tourism or the lucrative exploitation of extraterrestrial natural resources, Rubio decided to look at the Moon as a universal and mythical idea. The Moon, unlike Earth, has no boundaries, no divisions, no nations. Do we have a right to change that? And so he decided the best way to symbolize this dilemma was to build a temple on the Moon. A temple to celebrate the Moon as a powerful symbol of unity for mankind.The Moon Temple will be located on the rim of the Shackleton, a gigantic impact crater situated right on the south pole of the Moon. With a diameter of 21km and more than 4200m deep, this imposing location is a potential candidate for a future outpost on the Moon due to its unique lighting conditions. While some of its peaks receive almost continuous sunlight, its interior (one of the coldest and darkest places in the Solar System) may have captured water ice, key for a self-sustainable lunar settlement. The Moon Temple will serve social, cultural and spiritual purposes and will be 3D printed using lunar regolith. Such material and technology will most likely create ‘soft’ structures, resembling the way traditional adobe architecture has been used on our planet for many centuries, again pointing the artist on the direction of primitive civilisations. The design and visualisation has been created in close collaboration with DITISHOE, inspired by the complex celestial mechanics that operate on the south pole of the Moon and by a great number of architectural styles and monumental buildings, from pre-Columbian temples or Sudanese adobe architecture to Rome’s Pantheon and Turrell’s Roden Crater, celebrating the rich and diverse cultural heritage where we come from. Most importantly, Rubio was inspired by Étienne-Louis de Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux’s utopian architecture, too massive to ever be built but nevertheless influencing many architects after them. With 1/6 of Earth’s gravity, what might seem utopian here on Earth could someday be possible to achieve on the Moon. Taking this premise as a main motto for his project, Rubio hopes to see our interplanetary future as some sort of tabula rasa for our civilisation, a unique chance to find ourselves and do things differently. Using universal languages such as science, art and architecture, the Moon Temple encourages us to look at the future of space exploration with a more human, peaceful and embracing perspective.


Jul 23, 2020
In this episode, we interview Brady Pyle is the Deputy Chief Human Capital Officer for NASA. Brady shares his thoughts on leadership and lessons learned in his career.
Brady is responsible for leading Human Resources Services for NASA. Over the past two years, Brady has led the Executive HR Directors for NASA’s ten field Centers. He joined the Executive ranks in March 2016 as HR Director for NASA’s Johnson Space Center—home to NASA’s Astronauts and leaders in human space exploration, including the International Space Station, which recently celebrated 20 years of continuous human presence in space.


[ATTACH=full]121[/ATTACH] \nThese pictures are from:\n[url]http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/[/url]\nNote that first two picture on the list can be used as a stereo pair. However, they are too high a res to be uploaded to this site. \nThe JPL must have millions of pictures that could be used as stereo pairs, I just cannot find them. Basically any two pictures that are very close but not the same can be viewed as 3d pairs. That would include the Moon, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.


|Country:||Moldova, Republic of|
|Published (Last):||26 September 2005|
|PDF File Size:||19.79 Mb|
|ePub File Size:||10.60 Mb|
|Price:||Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]|
Table of Contents I.
Visual chapter summariescalled Summary of Key Concepts, include answers to the Learning Goal questions as well as illustrations and figures from the text that summarize and unify the most important topics. Embeds 0 No embeds. Habitability Outside the Solar System Designed for astrobiology courses but also suitable for introductory astronomy, Life in the Universe captures the imagination of students by exploring fundamental doqnload questions: Websites and online courses.
We do not guarantee that univers techniques will work for you or not. Instructor resource file download The work is protected by local and international copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and life in the universe pdf download student learning.
Life in the Universe, 3rd Edition
Life In The Universe Author: The Science of Life in the Universe 3. SlideShare Explore Search You. His Life and Universe pdf book.
A Journey to the Heart of the Faith.
This product downlload part of the following series. The Big Picture box life in the universe pdf download each chapter with a list of ideas to contemplate, helping students to see how all the pieces fit together and setting the context for the next chapter. We have wrote the katha in 4 major If you’re interested in creating a cost-saving package for your students, contact your Pearson rep.
Einstein: His Life and Universe by Walter Isaacson PDF Book Free Download (551 pages)
Scientific coverage of recent discoveries in the field has been updated. The pdf im a life in the universe pdf download book for dummies who want Is it reasonable to imagine life beyond Earth?
We don’t recognize your username or password. Life the Universe and Everything Binding: He is currently a senior astronomer at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California, where he helps press the search for intelligent cosmic company.
Download Life, the Universe and Everything | Download file
About the Life in the universe pdf download s. The book was published in and contains pag Learning Goals are presented as key questions at the start of each chapter to help students focus on the most important concepts, including material that highlights the process of science.
His Life and Universe pdf book written by Walter Isaacson.
Mass Market Paperback Author: An Introduction to Forensic Science download pdf abundance now pdf free summary of peloponnesian life in the universe pdf download download in pdf howl and other poems pdf A Passion for this Earth unto this last book pdf a suitable boy free download pdf download pdf peloponnesian war smart but scattered pdf.
Illustrated Spanking the Dames Amici: Download Life, the Universe and Doanload Download file 1.
Signed out You have successfully signed out and will be required to sign back in should you need to download more resources. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Jeffrey Bennett holds a B. The Nature of Life on Downooad 6. Published on Feb 12, You can change your ad preferences anytime. Are you sure you want to Yes No.
Description Life in the Universe takes non-science majors on a journey through the solar system and beyond, using a rigorous yet accessible introduction to astronomy, biology, and geology to explain natural phenomena and to explore profound scientific questions about astrobiology. Description this book Title: The Universe Next Door Author: The Learning Goals are also featured as subheads throughout the text and are returned to again in the Summary of Key Concepts at the end of life in the universe pdf download chapter, providing a clear learning path for students to follow.


Today we studied the big yellow ball in the sky. Then we watched Louie Giglio’s “Indescribable” account of the heavens.
We were inspired to create this masterpiece!
God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.” –Genesis 1:16-19


The website SpaceLog [spacelog.org] opens up the original transcripts of early space exploration in an easily readable, searchable and linkable format. The available missions range from Vostok 1, the first human space flight, to Apollo 13, the mission with "a problem". Included with most transcripts are photographs taken both from the ground and by the crew in space, as well as other information about the mission, and any problems that occurred.
The textual content originates from transcripts of radio communications between crews and mission control. Each line starts with a timestamp, in Ground Elapsed Time, which is the time (in days, hours, minutes and seconds) since 'lift-off'. Eventual photographs are shown inline at a suitable place.
The website contains, interestingly enough, a few simple but interactive data graphics, such as visual depictions of the different 'phases' of the space voyage, and a historical timeline revealing the relative communication "activity" over time.