In my last post I noted the importance of us talking about the things we don’t talk about. Beginning, well, in the beginning. First let’s set the stage for ourselves a bit though – why should we even be talking about these things? In Acts Chapter 17 we read of Paul waiting in Athens for Silas and Timothy to arrive. While he was waiting he became deeply concerned about the people in a city full of idols. He didn’t just shake his head with concern though. The writer of Acts tells us what he did. He reasoned with the Jews and the God-fearing Greeks. He reasoned day by day with whoever happened to be in the marketplace. He reasoned with the philosophers. He started with the common ground he could find, and from there, he discussed with them the reality of God.
Their common ground was a belief in deity (or in their case, deities). He could certainly have seen it as what separated his belief from theirs – he believed in one true and living God, and they believed in many gods. Instead, he saw what they both believed and began from there. I believe one parallel for us today is that of modern science. We often look at where our conclusions diverge instead of looking at the common ground it gives us to start with. We often argue, or choose not to talk at all, instead of reasoning together.
It’s not hard to find information about the Big Bang Theory. If you Google “The Big Bang scientific theory” you’ll get 1,530,000 hits right away – plenty of material for late night reading. Some sites are admittedly less useful than others, but this information is from a January post by Charles Q. Choi on space.com and gives a pretty good overview from an entirely scientific perspective. I want you to read these excerpts, and then ask yourself if this represents separation between the Bible and science, or amazing common ground:
“The universe was born with the Big Bang as an unimaginably hot, dense point. When the universe was just 10-34 of a second or so old — that is, a hundredth of a billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second in age — it experienced an incredible burst of expansion known as inflation, in which space itself expanded faster than the speed of light. During this period, the universe doubled in size at least 90 times, going from subatomic-sized to golf-ball-sized almost instantaneously.”
When scientists first discovered evidence for an absolute beginning of what we know as time and space, a truly amazing meeting place between modern science and theologians was established – and then instead of reasoning together, most of us just walked out. Interestingly, the following posts from readers were at the bottom of this article on science.com:
One reader posted: “The universe was born with the Big Bang …! then what lead to big bang …!?” He was quickly shouted down by another reader: “Learn physics and you will remove this naïve question.” In other words, “Shut up. If you understood science you’d know your seemingly religious question was naïve and stupid.” The problem is that science, including physics, does not have an answer to this reader’s post. In fact, within the article itself Mr. Choi had actually said:
“Since the universe by its definition encompasses all of space and time as we know it, NASA says it is beyond the model of the Big Bang to say what the universe is expanding into or what gave rise to the Big Bang. Although there are models that speculate about these questions, none of them have made realistically testable predictions as of yet.”
Genesis 1:1 says that in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Not only is this not incompatible with the Big Bang theory, it quite simply picks up where science leaves off. The Bible speaks of a moment, before which there was nothing, when God created everything. In one extraordinary moment, a universe was born. Whether we agree on God as the source, we all agree on the fact of that one beginning moment, and most of us would agree with the importance of seeking together for an answer to what made that moment happen – how is it possible that we are all here?
As I’ve shared before, including in “10 Reasons I Believe,” the first moment in time is not a source of doubt for me. In fact, it’s one of my core sources of faith. I will admit though that some other aspects of the creation account have not in the past seemed to line up with science. For example, in Genesis 1:1 the universe is created. Then later, in verse 3, God says “Let there be light.” Later than that, God creates the sun and the other stars. Why is there light first, and then later the stars as a source of light? Let’s read some more of Mr. Choi’s description of the Big Bang theory:
“During the first three minutes of the universe, the light elements were born during a process known as Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Temperatures cooled from 100 nonillion (1032) Kelvin to 1 billion (109) Kelvin, and protons and neutrons collided to make deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. Most of the deuterium combined to make helium, and trace amounts of lithium were also generated. For the first 380,000 years or so, the universe was essentially too hot for light to shine, according to France’s National Center of Space Research (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales,or CNES). The heat of creation smashed atoms together with enough force to break them up into a dense plasma, an opaque soup of protons, neutrons and electrons that scattered light like fog.”
“Roughly 380,000 years after the Big Bang, matter cooled enough for atoms to form during the era of recombination, resulting in a transparent, electrically neutral gas, according to NASA. This set loose the initial flash of light created during the Big Bang, which is detectable today as cosmic microwave background radiation. However, after this point, the universe was plunged into darkness, since no stars or any other bright objects had formed yet.”
It is science’s point of view that there was creation (whether Divine of not), followed by light, and followed much later by stars that would generate light from that point on. Mr. Choi goes on to say:
“A little after 9 billion years after the Big Bang, our solar system was born.”
Let’s set aside the timeframes for a moment (we will come back to them in a future post), and just focus on the order of events. What are the odds of Biblical writers thousands of years before all of these scientific discoveries describing creation as having light come before the sun and stars that they certainly understood to be the source of light? If you were trying to make up an account of creation at the time, or even just form one from your best understanding of what you could see and experience around you, it seems like an extraordinary blunder to put light showing up before the sun and stars. But if these words really are from God, and God knew what the writer of Genesis couldn’t possibly know – wow!
At the very least you’d have to agree that modern scientists and Christians willing to engage in conversation definitely have some fascinating things to talk about.
If you want to follow the conversation on a regular basis just sign up at the left or at the bottom of this page to follow this blog. I look forward to taking the journey together.


The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on July 14 has successfully conducted the third long-duration hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas Engine for the core L110 liquid stage of the human-rated Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV MkIII) vehicle. India’s space agency successfully conducted the test for a duration of 240 seconds from its engine test facility ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu.
In a press release on July 14, ISRO stated that the objectives and the engine parameters matching with the predictions, hence the performance met the expectations for the entire duration of the test.
GSLV MkIII-M1 had successfully launched the 3840 kg Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft into an earth orbit on July 22, 2019. It was ISRO’s first operational flight of the GSLV Mk III. The recent test was a part of the engine qualification requirements for India’s first-ever crewed space mission ‘Gaganyaan Programme’ which will be the first human spaceflight to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), marking the beginning of an era of sustained Indian human space exploration. Two unmanned missions and one manned mission for the programme have already been approved by the Government of India (GoI). The Gaganyaan space programme will cost an estimated Rs 9023.00 crores. ,basketball-nsw-referee-qualification
indian-football-league-results,“The Gaganyaan Programme is going to be a major National effort. The overall programme coordination, systems engineering and implementation will be carried out by India’s ISRO,” the agency explained.
ugadi-gifts,According to ISRO, the VIKAS Engines (an acronym for Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai) is a family of liquid-fuelled rocket engines which are conceptualized and designed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre beginning in the 1970s. The early productions involved the imported French components, which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents. These engines are deployed for ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) series of expendable launch vehicles for space launch use.
#ISRO on July 14, 2021 has successfully conducted the hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas Engine for the core L110 liquid stage of the human rated GSLV MkIII vehicle, as part of engine qualification requirements for the #Gaganyaan Programme— ISRO (@isro) July 14, 2021
Read More: https://t.co/cqYatVNwsf pic.twitter.com/4MFvHIBgVW
foot-bal,Separately, the Indian space agency ISRO’s other two “new class” of the Vikas engines HTVE (High Thrust VIKAS Engine) and HPVE (High Pressure or Highspeed VIKAS Engine) developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) were tested in 2018 for the duration of 195 seconds from the same ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) located in Mahendragiri. LPSC director Narayanan explained that the next generation Vikas engine gave a significant advantage in terms of enhancing payload capability. ISRO used 5 engines for the highly complex mission Chandrayaan-2, which provided the space agency with a payload gain of around 250 kgs. These engines have taken approximately eight years into the building.
fifa-score-today,[High Thrust Vikas Engine. Credit: ISRO]
ISRO’s Chandrayaan-2 gave India’s space exploration prospects a significant technological leap compared to the previous missions. ISRO chairman K Sivan described the final descent as "15 minutes of terror" and called the mission “98 percent successful, as Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon.,basketball-australia-email


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TRYO SENER Group
Launchers and space vehicles
Within the ATV (Automatic Transfer Vehicle) supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS), we are responsible for the design and production of various types of antennas involved in communications with TDRSS (Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System) satellites and for the proximity link to the station.
We also supply telemetry antennas for the small European launcher VEGA.
In addition, we have actively participated in the IXV (Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle) ESA project for the development of a reusable vehicle capable of supporting atmospheric re-entry.
Geostationary communications satellites
We are a regular supplier for all major platforms of the leading integrators worldwide, providing TT&C and payload equipment in all frequency bands.
Mobile communications satellites
Our contributions to projects such as ICO G1, TerreStar 1, Alphasat Inmarsat XL, EuropaSat, and recently Inmarsat 6, which include hundreds of LNAs (Low Noise Amplifiers) for MSS (Mobile Satellite Services) applications and other passive devices such as filters and diplexers, test our ability to support very demanding schedules with the production of a large number of units.
We are also in charge of the telemetry and tele-command antennas for the Iridium NEXT and Globalstar-2G satellite constellations. In the latter, we additionally supply 24 Power Detection Units in S-band.
Telecommunications satellite constellations in MEO orbit
In TRYO Aerospace we have been responsible for the design and production of all TT&C antennas in Ka-band for the O3b satellite constellation in MEO orbit.
Space exploration missions
More than thirty SSPAs (Solid State Power Amplifiers) in X-band currently aboard the GAIA space observatory are TRYO Aerospace brand.
The Back End Modules (BEM) in Q-band of another European space observatory, PLANCK, are also a product of our capabilities. In addition, the TT&C system for telemetry and tele-command of the main programs for space exploration developed by the European Space Agency are based on our antennas, designed to withstand the harsh operating conditions typical of these types of missions: BEPICOLOMBO, EXOMARS-2016, EXOMARS-2018, GAIA, HERSCHEL, LISA PATHFINDER, PLANCK, ROSETTA, SOLAR ORBITER.
Earth observation missions
In TRYO Aerospace we have designed and produced more than 200 units for a total of 44 satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), for both scientific programs of Earth observation and the intelligence applications of various government entities.
In particular, for the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission of the ESA, we have been responsible for 75 L-band receivers (called LICEF), including patch antennas and integrated filters. This unit functions as the eyes of this mission, dedicated to the study of ocean salinity and soil moisture. Each LICEF unit contains 11 MMICs designed at our location in Barcelona in a total of 6 MHICs, allowing exceptionally good performance in terms of noise figure power consumption and mass.
At TRYO Aerospace we are responsible for supplying various equipment designed for meteorological applications in both European (ESA/EUMETSAT) and American (NASA/NOAA) environments.
Having participated in the first European project in polar orbit, MetOp, with data download antennas, various filters, and the SSPAs (Solid State Power Amplifiers) of the LRPT (Low Rate Picture Transmission) instrument, we extend our contribution to majority of radio frequency instruments that comprise the new Metop Second Generation mission. We design and produce the Back End Modules (BEMS) of the MWS (MicroWave Sounder) radiometers, MWI (MicroWave Imager) and ICI (Ice Cloud Imager). For the ICI, we are also in charge of the Local Oscillators, and for the Radio Occultation (RO) system we are responsible for the Frequency Generation Module (FGM). In addition to these systems, at TRYO Aerospace we design and produce 200 integrated channel filters in different types of BEMS, as well as S-band antennas (SBA) for the satellite platform.
As for meteorological missions in geostationary orbit, we are responsible for the design and manufacture of the Data Collection System (DCS) instrument of the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG), as well as integrating it together with the GEOSAR instrument in its corresponding panel, and for carrying out the environmental testing regimen before delivering it to the customer for later installation on the satellite. The UHF-band global coverage antenna for the new series of American GOES satellites is also a product of our abilities.
Galileo navigation system
The C-band Mission Receiver is one of the most critical devices aboard the Galileo satellites, responsible for receiving integrity data that allow proper synchronization of the atomic clocks on board.
At TRYO Aerospace we are in charge of this unit for all satellites in the constellation, as well as the TT&C antennas.
The Search & Rescue transponders included in the Galileo satellites during their orbit validation phase are designed by TRYO Aerospace. In addition, we are responsible for the design and production of the communications antenna for this payload for all satellites in the constellation.
This system allows the rescue of people in distress anywhere in the world.


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SiriusLight We're all here:) Spinning around at over 1000mph, rotating around the sun at nearly 67,000mph and following the sun on its orbital path at almost 500,000mph, about 150miles per second. I don't know why I shared that. :)


"Perihelion" happens Sunday, Jan 3, 2010.
That means Earth will be in its orbital point closest to our Sun, tomorrow. It may not feel like it to those of us shivering from WINTER weather (LOL) but that's due to the Earth's tilt. Astronomers insist this close proximity to our brightest star is scientifically verifiable!
For more details see: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/01/02/perihelion/


Space exploration ignites curiosity, elevates empathy, and unites us—all of us, regardless of our politics or backgrounds—and through it, we accomplish great things together. But it’s when we come back to Earth that the real work begins.
In the 1960s, the Apollo astronauts set out to discover the Moon but returned to proclaim that their greatest discovery was actually the Earth. Throughout our history as space explorers, a strange phenomenon has been occurring:
Astronauts were leaving Earth as fighter pilots and engineers and returning as artists and humanitarians, desperate to share their new perspective.
This phenomenon, first introduced by space historian Frank White, is called the Overview Effect. It is the experience many astronauts describe after seeing the Earth from space. There, devoid of territory lines and set in the vast backdrop of the universe, this spectacle gives them a new perspective on our need to come together as a global society. For most, it is profoundly life-changing.
What is happening? And, how can we bring this perspective down to Earth?
Lessons from a Professional Rocket Chaser
I’m MaryLiz Bender. As a professional rocket chaser and filmmaker, I get the unique opportunity to talk to people who are profoundly changed by human exploration in space. Now, I’m working to bring their insights to those of us who can only dream of seeing our planet from orbit.
As it turns out, these perspectives from space may be the key to unlocking more empathy in all Earthlings.
Two years ago, I was so inspired by the power of the Overview Effect that I sold my house, all of my possessions, and set out for a minimal life on the road so I could chase down the answers.
Since 2017, I’ve been interviewing astronauts to better understand their transformation. They confirmed what Frank suggests in his writings:
“The experience [of The Overview Effect] begins with liftoff and ends with touchdown but its impact goes far beyond that timeframe.” — Frank White, The Overview Effect
I recently spoke with NASA Astronaut Ron Garan during the announcement of his latest organization, Constellation. He and three other astronauts shared their mission to “use the astronaut perspective from space to inspire people to solve the world’s greatest challenges.” When I asked him about his obligation to share this perspective, he explained:
“When you have a really profound beautiful experience, it makes it deeper and richer if you share it with others… Imagine if 550 people were the only people who ever saw a flower or the Grand Canyon or a sunset over the water… Wouldn’t you feel an obligation—really a call to action—to share that? And not only share the beauty of it but the profound meaning and the profound inspiration you get to make the world a better place for all of us.”
Then, he left me with the most important lesson of all:
“When you approach things from a foundation of awe and wonder it changes everything. Right now, we tend to approach everything from a foundation of fear. But, when we cast off the fear and we embrace awe and wonder, it opens up the mind to accept that another perspective—another point of view—might actually have some value.”
In all of my discussions with astronauts, the common theme is that seeing the Earth from space causes a shift in perspective that elevates empathy. They return more compassionate for our home planet and every living thing inhabiting it.
Launching Cosmic Perspective
As professional rocket chasers, my partner, Ryan, and I travel the U.S. together continuing our shared research. We conduct more interviews with astronauts and share the wonders of the rocket launch experience through story and film. Along the way, we’ve been building a network of artists, musicians, and poets to create awe-inspiring experiences right here on Earth.
This work naturally led to the creation of our own studio, Cosmic Perspective, where we use film and innovative techniques that fuse art and technology to take people on our journey at the forefront of space exploration.
Our work explores the meaning behind our exploration of space.
As we’ve grown Cosmic Perspective together, the astronauts we’ve talked to have provided us with impactful human lessons. The philosophers we met have given us tools for inner transformation. And these were experiences we wanted to share with the world in a way that would allow people to experience something as close to the Overview Effect as possible.
So, we launched a new project called Guidance Internal: Lessons From Astronauts, an immersive augmented reality project that transports you directly to moments of awe and wonder. Check it out:


Gardening by the Moon
Note: Only seeds and plants put directly into the open ground are effected, anything in containers or greenhouse won’t be influenced during this experiment because fundamentally it’s all about the water table in the garden.
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]I’ve always been fascinated by the subject of gardening by the phases of the moon but don’t know anyone who has tried it. This year I’ve going to try growing my food using this methodology. I will grow two rows of everything. One row will be sown/planted in accordance to moon gardening and the other will be sown a few weeks later at the wrong time of the month. Throughout the year I’ll keep track of progress and reports back here, along with photos and videos.
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_video link=”https://youtu.be/zBB0nRSVuSI?t=10m7s” css_animation=”fadeIn” title=”EXPERT VIEW: Astronomer Dhara Patel of the Royal Observatory Greenwich explains how the moon effects our Earth and water.”][/vc_column][/vc_row]


The National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) said on Thursday that there would be a partial Solar eclipse across the country, on Sunday.
Dr Felix Ale, Head of Media and Corporate Communications, made the disclosure in a statement made available, in Abuja.
“A partial solar eclipse will be visible all over the country with different degree of totality to occur on Sunday, Feb. 26,’’ he said.
According to Ale, the highest degree of obscurity in the country during the natural occurrence will be observed in the southern part of Nigeria, particularly Port Harcourt, Uyo and Calabar.
He said these areas were expected to have about 33 per cent obscurity, while the lowest degree obscurity would be about nine per cent in the northern part of Nigeria, particularly in Kebbi.
Ale noted that in the South-West, the level of obscurity would be 23 per cent at about 5.42 p.m. and 6.30 p.m.
He, however, said it would be recording 28 to 30 per cent between 4.45 p.m. and 6.33 p.m. in the South-East.
“Meanwhile, the level of obscurity in Abuja, the Federal Capital City (FCT) will be 20 per cent between 4.54 p.m. and 6.30 p.m.,” he said.
He stressed that the solar eclipse would be observed across the nation, thereby making each part of the country a great site for viewing the eclipse at different degree of obscurity.
According to him, the solar disc will be covered by the moon as seen from the earth and the eclipse will be visible as much as there is clear sky without rain or cloud.
He, however, said there was no cause for alarm or reason to panic as the solar eclipse was a natural occurrence and should be seen as part of the beauties of nature.


Big bang nucleosynthesis the universe's light-element abundance is another important criterion by which the big bang hypothesis is verified it is now known that the elements observed in the universe were created in either of two ways. Big-bang nucleosynthesis (bbn) predictions of the abundances of the light elements, d, 3he, 4he, and 7li, synthesized at the end of the ‘ﬁrst. How the light elements were formed big bang nucleosynthesis gamow, alpher and herman proposed the hot big bang as a means to produce all of the elements. Heavy element nucleosynthesis a summary of the nucleosynthesis of light elements is as follows 4he hydrogen burning 3he incomplete pp chain (h burning). Explosions of type ic supernovae (sne ic) are investigated using a relativistic hydrodynamic code to study the role of their outermost layers of the ejecta in light-element nucleosynthesis through spallation reactions as a possible mechanism of the primary process.
Abundances of the light elements the nucleosynthesis chain begins with the formation of deuterium in 4 20big-bangnucleosynthesis 202 light element. Big bang nucleosynthesis produced no elements heavier than beryllium all of the light element abundances depend on the amount of ordinary matter. A discussion of stellar nucleosynthesis the dispersing element spreads the light out into a proposed rapid primordial nucleosynthesis of elements. Primordial nucleosynthesis in light of wmap / cyburt, richard h fields we discuss the current state of bbn theory and light element observations.
Stellar nucleosynthesis is the collective term for the nuclear reactions taking place in stars to build the nuclei of the heavier elements the processes involved began to be understood early in the twentieth century, when it was first realised that the energy released from nuclear reactions. Here we will concentrate our attention in the nucleosynthesis of the light elements the extremely high temperatures of the early moments of the universe did not allow nuclei to exist at these temperatures, quarks had too much energy to be confined in protons and neutrons (the nuclear wall chart.
Abstract we study the nucleosynthesis of the light elements 7 li and 11 b and the r-process elements in type ii supernovae from the point of view of supernova neutrinos and galactic chemical evolution. The four pillars of the standard cosmology nucleosynthesis of the light elements prior to about one second after the big bang, matter. We present an overview of the standard model of big bang nucleosynthesis (bbn), which describes the production of the light elements in the early universe.
Light element nucleosynthesis encyclopedia of astronomy and strophysics the age at a ﬁxed temperature) will change as well the ‘speed-up’ factor ξ≡ h/h sm may be related to n νby. As seen in the previous chapters, the light elements d, li, be and b are not produced by stellar nucleosynthesis these elements are destroyed by (p, γ) or (p, α) reactions occurring at temperatures. The subsequent nucleosynthesis of the elements (including all carbon, all oxygen, etc) shedding light on the nature of the universe's first.
In fact, only light elements titled “the origin of chemical elements” big bang nucleosynthesis since alpher. 11 nucleosynthesis: the origin of elements in our our own sun which gives us the heat and the light that is emanating and r process nucleosynthesis. Heavy element nucleosynthesis a summary of the nucleosynthesis of light elements is as follows 4he helium burning 3he incomplete pp chain (h burning) 2h, li, be, b non-thermal processes (spallation).
Ochanges the content of the ism oproduces heavy elements onuclear decay of 56co, produced during supernova nucleosynthesis, powers the light from supernova remnants. Lecture 22: the big bang, nucleosynthesis, and the formation of structure if the universe is expanding or the production of light elements. Final remarks at the end of this review devoted to the current status of the nucleosynthesis of the light elements one may try to list the problems which begin. Perform in section 3 a study of the spallogenic nucleosynthesis of light elements in the light of the measured cr spectra in section 4.Download


Japan’s Sumitomo Forestry has teamed up with Kyoto University to develop what they hope will be the world’s first wooden satellite by 2023, in order to reduce space waste.
Sumitomo Forestry said it began researching tree growth and the use of wood materials in space.
The company should start experimenting with different types of wood in harsh environments on Earth.
Space waste has become an increasing problem as more satellites are launched into the atmosphere.
Wooden satellites are supposed to burn up without releasing harmful substances into the atmosphere or sending debris back to Earth.
“We are concerned about the fact that all the satellites that enter the Earth’s atmosphere again burn out and produce tiny alumina particles that have been floating in the upper atmosphere for many years,” said Takao Doi, a professor at Kyoto University and a Japanese astronaut.
The Japanese astronaut added: This affects the Earth’s environment, and the next stage will be the stage of developing the engineering model for the satellite, and then we will make the flight model.
Sumitomo Forestry, part of the Sumitomo Group, which was founded more than 400 years ago, said it is developing hardwood materials that are resistant to changes in temperature and sunlight.
Experts have warned of the increased risk of space waste falling to Earth, as more spacecraft and satellites are launched.
Satellites are increasingly being used for communications, television, navigation, and weather forecasting, and space experts and researchers are looking at various options to remove and reduce space waste.
There are nearly 6,000 satellites orbiting the Earth, according to the World Economic Forum, and about 60 percent of them have become space junk.
Research firm Euroconsult estimates that 990 satellites will be launched each year during this decade, which means that by 2028, there could be 15,000 satellites in orbit.
SpaceX has launched more than 900 satellites for the Starlink project and has plans to deploy thousands of more satellites.
Space trash travels at more than 22,300 miles per hour, so it can cause significant damage to any creatures that collide with it.
In 2006, a small piece of space garbage collides with the International Space Station, ejecting a slice of the heavily reinforced window.


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Lions Roar : May 2008
SHAMBHALA SUN MAY 2008 81 ON A CLEAR SPRING EVENING a couple of months ago, I took my six-year-old son, Skye, to the Chabot Space and Science Center in the Berkeley hills to look at Saturn through a 28-foot telescope. Outer space is Skye’s latest passion. He pores over jumbles of books with titles like One Hundred Things You Should Know About Space, and over a deck of cards bearing images from the Hubble Space Telescope on one side and space trivia on the other: “How is a supernova formed?” “How can scientists tell which direction a galaxy rotates?” Space has never been something I’ve thought much about, so Skye’s books—which he likes me to read aloud to him after dinner—regularly blow my mind. “ ‘Dark matter’ is what scientists call all the stuff in the universe that they know is there but can’t find!” one book informed us cheerfully. “Scientists can guess how much matter is in the universe by measuring how galaxies move. This shows them that stars and planets only make up a small part of the universe. The rest is invisible!” I thought about that one all week, astounded that astronomers aren’t all raving mystics, prostrating in abject awe before their telescopes. “What’s outside the Universe?” we read in the same book a few nights later. “Scientists are still trying to guess, by using clues left Astronomy Lessons Peering through a telescope, Anne Cushman and her son glimpse the vast space where science and Zen ask the same questions. behind from the birth of our Universe. They are pretty sure there would be no time, distance, or things there.” That last sentence sounded like a chant that should be intoned in a Zen temple to the beat of an enormous drum. But instead I was reading it at my kitchen table, while Skye nibbled on a pink egg-shaped cookie that he believed was hidden in our house on Easter morning by a giant magical rabbit. And who could blame him? In a world of big bangs and wormholes to other galaxies, I could almost believe in the Easter Bunny myself. Skye and I went to the Chabot observatory with one of Skye’s best friends, Alex, a bright-eyed, dimpled kindergartener who shares Skye’s passion for science. Alex is fascinated by microbiol- ogy; his favorite toys are his stuffed microbes, cuddly renditions of germs ranging from influenza to anthrax. On Halloween he went trick-or-treating as athlete’s foot. Skye and Alex have been friends since before they could walk, when Alex’s mother, May, and I used to stroll to the neighbor- hood park with the boys in front-packs over our hearts. When Alex was three years old, he was diagnosed with muscular dys- trophy, and he’s now undergoing experimental genetic therapy ILLUSTRATIONBYJESSICAVONHANDORF MAY 80-105.indd 81 MAY 80-105.indd 81 3/6/08 11:36:37 AM 3/6/08 11:36:37 AM


Patrick Moore; Chris North
Collects questions sent in by viewers and fans, answered by Sir Patrick Moore and "Sky at Night" co-presenter Dr Chris North. Featuring sections on the solar system, cosmology, the bizarre...
On a summer's day in June 1761, astronomers all over the world cast their eyes to the sky to witness a rare astronomical event: the transit of Venus across the...
Lawrence M. Krauss
A provocative account of the astounding new answers to the most basic philosophical questions: where did the universe come from and how will it end?
Brian Cox; Andrew Cohen
Professor Brian Cox is back with another insightful and mind-blowing exploration of space. This time he shows us our universe as we've never seen it before.
Brian Cox; Andrew Cohen
What is Life? Where did it come from? Why does it end?
Explores our scientific understanding of the universe, the 'string theory' that might hold the key to unifying nature's laws, and our continuing quest to know more. This book shows, ours...
The mysteries of the universe revealed in 100 groundbreaking discoveries.
The bestselling author of Longitude and Galileo's Daughter tells the story of Nicolaus Copernicus and the revolution in astronomy that changed the world.
Offers an introduction to how to do astronomy in the digital age. This title explains the principles of astronomy as well as the practical techniques to provide both beginners and...
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David A Aguilar; David A Aguilar;...
Patrick Moore; John Mason
The reference book that no stargazer should be without
Royal Observatory, Greenwich; Brian May
All the winning and shortlisted images from the 2013 Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition, which is organized by the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
A surreally entertaining trip into the science of living in space.
Could there be, elsewhere, life as advanced as here on Earth, or are we more likely to find much more primitive life forms, or even no life at all? Can...
A dazzling tour d'horizon of mankind's enduring fascination with, and reliance upon, the extraordinary star at the centre of our solar system.
Terry Hope; N.A.S.A.
Celebrates the perspective of cameras freed from the confines of Earth: looking back at our own colourful planet and charting the activity of satellites and space shuttles. This title explores...


Experts believe a big enough flare could wipe out satellites and power lines, bringing an end to modern civilisation as we know it as electronic devices are rendered useless.
For most people, there’s nothing to worry about as scientists believe most of the harmful rays are absorbed by the Earth’s magnetic field.
But humans at high altitudes – such a those in aeroplanes or space stations – risk exposure to relatively intense cosmic rays.
Astronauts would be first in the firing line as typical spacecraft would provide limited protection from the deadly solar particles.
On their website a spokesperson wrote: “A magnetic filament in the sun’s northern hemisphere erupted on October 8 around 1600 UT.
“The explosion hurled a faint CME – coronal mass ejection – into space.
“NOAA analysts say the storm cloud could deliver a glancing blow to Earth’s magnetic field on October 13.
He said: “The sun’s coronal holes has powerful magnetic fields that reach out through the solar system and directly interact with the planets.“These magnetic fields can directly bypass earth’s protective magnetic field and allow solar particles to freely stream into earth’s electromagnetic system.”
It comes after the US government revealed they are preparing for a catastrophic solar flare which could wipe out power across the world for months.


Salzburger Lungau holds a wealth of hiking routes ranging from easy to challenging in store for hiking fans of all ages.
You can also explore the mountain world of Salzburger Lungau on guided group hikes or accompanied by one of our official hiking guides with expert local knowledge.
As so often in summer, this community hike begins at dusk, shortly after sunset, meeting at the Ludlalm car park. Especially impressive: seeing the sky grow steadily darker above your head and gradually observing the stars emerge in the night sky.
In summertime, this hike gives you a spectacular opportunity to look up into the heart of the Milky Way. You will also be able to marvel at the biggest planet in our solar system, Jupiter.
Wurzi, the forest witch, leads families on a hike that's literally "child's play" through magical Passeggenwald in St. Andrä.
On this journey of the imagination through this forest teeming with witches, the youngsters will learn all about the world of nature spirits. In addition to hearing tales about sorcerers, imps and elves, the youngsters will also have the opportunity to learn and try out a few magic spells!
But beware: Only those who first pass Wurzi's "trial of courage" will be able to set out on this exciting expedition!
Sunrise ride in St. Michael:
July 16 to September 10, 2021
Every Friday - Alternate date due to weather: Sunday
Additional dates: Sunday, July 25 and Sunday, August 15, 2021
Experience the sunrise at the Peterbauerkreuz followed by a sunrise breakfast at the Peterbaueralm.
The hike is accompanied by a hiking guide.


Studying the distant suns that twinkle in the sky is, you will find, a great strain on the imagination.
If you are to get a true picture of the stars, you will have to imagine temperatures so high that the temperature in the center of a furnace fire would be cool beside them. You will have to imagine distances so great that the distance from the earth o our sun seems only a step. You will have to imagine sizes so large that they make the earth seem a mere speck. You will have to imagine, too, periods of time so long that a hundred years seems to be no time at all.


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It is believed that stellar winds from a group of stars are exerting pressure on interstellar clouds to cause compression, followed by star formation in the nebula. This star formation is currently still ongoing.
A survey of the nebula with the Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2001 has revealed the presence of very hot, young stars at the core of the Rosette Nebula. These stars have heated the surrounding gas to a temperature in the order of 6 million kelvins causing them to emit copious amounts of X-rays.


Inspired by the cosmos for an understated glamourous accessory that gives homeage to the stars, these star cluster stud earrings from Lily Charmed are the perfect earring accessory for everyday wear! This stunning celestial ear climber is crafted from 18ct Gold plated sterling Silver with a butterfly clasp. Each earring features three dainty stars that have been faceted with a smooth finish to catch the light and give a delicate shimmer. Symbolising good luck, love and protection these triple star stud earrings are an uplifting accessory no jewellery collection should be without.
- Composition: Recycled 925 Sterling Silver with 18K Gold plating
- Presented in a branded gift box
- Scream Pretty
- Also available in Sterling Silver


NASA launched the Voyager project in 1977. Those spacecraft are the farthest human-made objects from earth. This year they will be 134 and 110 Astronomical Units (AU) away from earth, passing through the Heliosheath, which is the boundary between our sun’s electro-magnetic influence and interstellar space. The expectation is that both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 will soon complete the transition out of our solar system. This Image represents the 39-year story, where all distances are accurately scaled.
This work is made specifically for and accepted into the Long Stories for Perm public art project in Perm, Russia. I created the design by rendering in Maya wireframe images of planets, point cloud image of the sun character, line image of a flocking simulation for the hair, and a bitmap image of a procedural shader for the interstellar space transition. The final composite was assembled in Photoshop and segmented into square images that matched the number of concrete wall sections I was given to work with. I sent these images to project directors who then assigned volunteers of the Long Stories for Perm project to do the final painting.


Moon Themed Bedroom
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for “The End of Hubble?”
STAR LIGHT, STAR BRIGHT gives you the opportunity to really explore the
electromagnetic spectrum and show what you know. The first activity lets
you change and observe wavelength and frequency. Images taken by the Hubble
Space Telescope are available for you to explore what you know about the
color and temperature of stars. Click here
and scroll down to STAR LIGHT, STAR BRIGHT.
Try your hand at
planning a servicing mission. Click here
and select the MISSION MASTERMIND activity.
for an activity to see if you are as “dexterous” as Dextre.


Description – This is the birthplace and early home of Dr. James A. Van Allen, physicist noted for his role in United States space explorations, including the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts. This Italianate home was built by his grandfather in 1862 and remained in the family until 1996. Several of the rooms have been furnished with period furniture—some from the family—and displays have been developed on Dr. Van Allen, his family life and education, and his and other members of the family accomplishments. Information concerning Henry County can also be obtained there.
Admission – None
Directions – four blocks west of the town square, on U. S. Highway 34
Hours – 10:00 a. m. – 3:00 p.m., Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (or by appointment)
Credit Cards – None
Phone – (319) 385-2460 or (800) 421-4282
James A. Van Allen was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, on September 7, 1914. He received his Ph.D. in physics from University of Iowa in 1939 and became a Research Fellow at the Carnegie Institution of Washington’s Department of Terrestrial Magnetism until 1942. A Navy officer during World War II, he worked at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), where he helped develop the proximity fuse, and then sailed with the Pacific Fleet to advise on the use and operation of this important device. After the war, he worked at APL on instrumenting V-2 rockets for scientific research and on various rocket- and balloon-borne instruments for studying cosmic rays at high altitudes and high latitudes. He also headed the development of the first sounding rocket, the Aerobee. In 1951 he returned to the University of Iowa as Head of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, where he has remained an active and respected scientist and teacher.
It was at Van Allen’s home in 1950 that he, Sidney Chapman, Lloyd Berkner, S. Fred Singer, Harry Vestine, and others developed the first plans for an International Geophysical Year (IGY), a coordinated, international, and comprehensive study of Earth for an 18-month period from July 1957 through December 1958. This first integrated study of Earth as a planet ushered in the space age by providing the model for large-scale, government-funded science and because the United States and the Soviet Union included the first satellite launchings in their contributions. Van Allen’s instruments were aboard the first successful American satellites, Explorers 1 and 3, launched in 1958, and provided data for the first space-age scientific discovery: the existence of a doughnut-shaped region of charged particle radiation trapped by Earth’s magnetic field. With various colleagues he sent instruments to the Moon (Explorer 35), Venus (Mariners 2 and 5), Mars (Mariner 4), Jupiter (Pioneers 10 and 11), and Saturn and throughout interplanetary space, serving as principal investigator on more than 25 space science missions. Author of nearly 200 papers, he personally directed the dissertations of most of the scores young scientists receiving Ph.D. degrees in space physics from the University of Iowa.


12 x 5 minute exposure at 800 ISO on October 20, 2007 from Wateren (NL), it was a very clear night. SQM reading 21.1 mag/sq. arcsec.
M78 is the brightest nebula on the right, left of it is NGC2071. The red nebulosity on the left is part of Barnards Loop in Orion.
Lots of dust lanes are visble. Modified Canon 350D, and a 20cm (8") f/2.75 ASA Astrograph.


Imagine the marvel of standing under a clear night sky, gazing up at countless stars twinkling billions of light-years away. The field of astronomy continually strives to unveil the secrets of the universe, relying on advanced technologies to capture and decipher the celestial wonders above. One such technology that has revolutionized the way astronomers collect and analyze data is the PLC splitter. In this blog, we will explore the cosmic impact of PLC splitters in astronomy, shedding light on their significance and the important role they play in unraveling the mysteries of our universe.
Astronomical observations demand high-quality data to study the intricate details of celestial objects. PLC splitters, a key component in optical networks, play a vital role in ensuring the efficient transmission and distribution of data gathered from advanced telescopes and imaging systems. By virtue of their ability to split a single optical signal into multiple paths, PLC splitters enable astronomers to efficiently connect multiple devices, such as cameras, spectrographs, and data recorders, to a single telescope, thus vastly expanding the capacity to capture precise and accurate information about the universe.
Astronomers strive to study distant celestial phenomena, such as supernovae, black holes, and neutron stars, with unmatched precision. PLC splitters, with their low insertion loss and excellent signal fidelity, offer a significant advantage in enhancing observations. By minimizing signal degradation during data transmission, PLC splitters ensure that astronomers can capture highly precise data, even from these incredibly faint and distant cosmic objects. This enables scientists to delve deeper into the mysteries of the universe, providing insights into its evolution and the fundamental laws that govern it.
Interferometry, a technique that combines observations from multiple telescopes to create a virtual telescope with an unprecedented level of detail, has revolutionized our understanding of various astronomical phenomena. PLC splitters have a crucial role in interferometry, allowing for the synchronization of data from multiple telescopes. By ensuring a seamless flow of information between dispersed observatories, PLC splitters empower researchers to capture an extraordinary amount of data and analyze it collaboratively, leading to groundbreaking discoveries and expanding the scale and scope of astronomical research.
In the modern era of astronomy, where international collaborations and remote observations are commonplace, PLC splitters play a fundamental role in network connectivity. By offering efficient optical signal distribution, PLC splitters facilitate real-time data sharing and remote access to telescope control systems. As a result, astronomers around the world can work together seamlessly, combining their expertise and telescopes regardless of geographical boundaries. This global, interconnected network enables rapid data analysis and accelerates scientific progress, ultimately transforming our understanding of the universe.
PLC splitters have become an indispensable tool in contemporary astronomy for acquiring high-quality data, enhancing observations, enabling interferometry, and fostering real-time collaboration. With their ability to split optical signals, PLC splitters facilitate efficient transmission of data, ensuring that astronomers receive the vital information needed to decode the secrets of the cosmos. As the field of astronomy continues to explore new frontiers, PLC splitters will remain a foundational component, guiding our quest for a deeper comprehension of the universe's wonders.


LAS VEGAS — With only two days left before the eclipse is expected to begin, CBS News has the latest information on what you need for the most anticipated eclipse in decades.
We asked people from across the country about what they want to know when the eclipse hits the United States on Sunday, March 14.
Some said they were curious, while others said they didn’t know what they wanted to know.
“It’s going too soon for me, but I’m interested,” said John DeStefano, a 61-year-old accountant from Phoenix, Arizona.
“I’m a big fan of NASA, so I’m excited.”
But, he added, “it’s a bit too soon to know what to expect.”
Other viewers said they wanted more information, as they’re unsure what to think of the possibility of the sun reaching a peak during the eclipse.
“I think it’s going be a great event.
I’m a little skeptical about the amount of people that have already been able to see the eclipse, but that’s just because I’ve been waiting a long time for it to start,” said James Ochoa, a 65-year old retired firefighter from Dallas, Texas.
“This eclipse is not like any other eclipse I’ve seen in my life.”
The eclipse will begin Sunday night, and will last about two hours.
Its duration could be up to 90 minutes.
As of Sunday night — two days before the beginning of totality — the total eclipse will be visible from coast to coast.
The total eclipse is also expected to peak at dusk and go out around 10 p.m.
It will be the largest total eclipse in U.S. history, eclipsing more than 3 million square miles of land.
The moon will pass directly over the Earth, and the sun will be positioned between the Earth and the moon.
“This is the biggest event since the coronavirus pandemic of the 1980s.
I think the only thing I’m worried about is that we don’t know how big the sun is going to get,” said Mark Schmitt, a 58-year resident of Atlanta, Georgia, who has been watching the eclipse since it started.
“We know that the moon is going through a partial eclipse and that the sun doesn’t get completely out of line.
The only way that it can really get dark is if it gets totally out of sight, so we’ve been watching for a long, long time.”
While the eclipse will only be visible for those in the United Kingdom, it will also affect many people in other countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Venezuela.
People in other parts of the world, such as the United Arab Emirates and the United Republic of Tanzania, will be able to watch the eclipse in their own countries.
But, in the U.K., the eclipse won’t be visible until after sunset on Sunday.
People will be reminded of the importance of planning ahead, and that they should prepare for the eclipse as early as possible.
“What we’ve seen so far is quite a lot of people have been anticipating this event,” said Greg Schmitt of the American Meteorological Society, which tracks eclipses and is the leading organization for eclipse watchers.
“There’s a lot more to be done than just being prepared.
We’re seeing a lot in terms of what people are doing and what they’re avoiding.””
We have a really great deal of information to take with us in terms for what to be cautious about,” Schmitt said.”
We know it’s a long way away, but we’re very prepared and ready for it,” said Mike Johnson of the British Meteorological Service.”
The last time we had an eclipse in the UK was in 1918.
It was a very hot day, and there was a lot going on.
The sun wasn’t completely out and there were a lot people out there.
It really was an amazing experience,” he added.”
For people in the western U.D. and U. S., the total solar eclipse will come as a surprise. “
The eclipse is a very, very big event, and we’re looking forward to the whole experience.”
For people in the western U.D. and U. S., the total solar eclipse will come as a surprise.
They are in the southern hemisphere, and are most likely to be the first people to see it.
The U.N. says the eclipse starts at 1:15 p.p.m., but that time will vary based on where you live.
Some areas of the United Sates may get the eclipse at 8 p.s.m.; others may get it at 1 a.m; and some areas in the southwestern U.A.S., Canada and Australia will see it as late as 4 a. m.


I live in town. About 8 blocks from uptown Kingsville on Lake Erie. About 7 blocks from downtown Kingsville. (Actually this is sort of a joke, because I do not know the difference between uptown and downtown ~ maybe I will Google it.) I am about two blocks away from the lake. One block away from our beautiful town park with rolling hills. The hills are very gentle, but in flat Essex County they are a rare commodity.
When I look up into the sky at night, I can see a sliver of the universe. But I do not see the whole sky as there are trees and houses that block my view and streetlights that dim it.
I grew up in the country where the skyline went on forever, uninterrupted. I miss that. A blanket of stars and not just a quilt scrap. More than a glimpse at the moon but the moon in all its reigning glory.
I just read a post on the blog, lakesuperiorspirit by , and it reminded me of my childhood days in the country. Reminded is the key word as my experience was not the same as hers, but the endless sky hit a deep note of nostalgia for me. Check it out–It is called:
“How chickadees sleep at night in winter and other forest tales”.
What is your view of the night universe like? And do you know the difference between downtown and uptown?


Sun,moon, earth and mathematics .
Noooope. Include Mercury and Netpune. And post your numbers and show your math using NASA numbers. You can say whatever you want, show us the proof.
BTW, Venus is 0.723 AU from the sun, so the distance between its orbit and Earth's is, on average (because ellipses, how do they work?) 0.277 AU. Earth to Mars delta is about 0.524 AU, not a doubling of 0.277 and definitely not a doubling of 0.3. The asteroid belt is 2.2 - 3.2 AU away, definitely not a doubling there either.
So, you're wrong. Still. You won't show your work or source data. What's your excuse this time? That differences in millions of miles is quibbling?
oh, and the sun rotates at different rates depending on location. The poles take about 38days, the equator takes 24 to 25, so no, you're wrong on that too.
OC: "--ramblings of someone who desires that to be the outcome.
I know I will leave the formulating better questions to others, but I am quite happy to live in an environment that seems not have only utility for us, but artistic perks, not only in the data, but in our minds
I think this thread needs some pseudo philosophy to make it even more like all the other science v nonsense threads we have had.
It's time to ask what are numbers actually? What do they mean beyond whatever meaning our individual minds ascribe to them? How is a number in my head the same as a number in your head? Numbers used by NASA don't have any more validity than numbers used by me in my head so don't try and tell me I am wrong just because my numbers mean something that you cannot fathom. You don't have a monopoly on the definition of numbers.
There we go. It's all better now.
prologos: I know I will leave the formulating better questions to others, but I am quite happy to live in an environment that seems not have only utility for us, but artistic perks, not only in the data, but in our mindsThat's fine. As long as you know that your mathematical view of the universe is not proof of a deity. It is when those numbers are used as a quasi-justification for the existence of "something beyond" that it becomes problematic
By the way, I find it interesting that you will make rambling, poorly constructed statements most of the time, and then...out of the blue, change your syntax and delivery to a recognizable and understandable form. It reads as tho someone is tag teaming you...I have noticed this strange occurrence on other threads too. Not important...just strange...hmmm...maybe it is an undiscovered pattern...
For those who care: let me sum up my view on this topic like this: Newton said that his discoveries, formulations of natural law where like " finding a particularly well shaped, polished pebble on the beach",-- to me, the ratios embodied in the solar system are that kind of a finely polished find. both are the result of wave action.
OC: "--you will make rambling, poorly constructed statements most of the time, and then...out of the blue, change your syntax and delivery to a recognizable and understandable form.
no, no team , I am a isolated solo performer, Patent examiners always complained of the foreign syntax in my applications, one of them deals vaguely with the questions on hand bsw.
the ratios embodied in the solar system are that kind of a finely polished find. both are the result of wave action.
What ratios? The ones you claimed were there aren't. What is "wave action" in this context? What kind of wave? What medium? What did it do?
(A.U.) Mercury 0.387 4 Venus
0.72 7 +3=10
Earth 1.000 10 +6 =16 Mars
1.524 16 +12=28 asteroids+24 =52
Jupiter 5.203 52 +48=100 Saturn 9.537 100 +96= 196 Uranus 19.191 196 +192 = 388 Neptune 30.069 Pluto 39.482 388
The corresponding theoretical numbers are: 4.7.10, 16*, ceres:28, 52**, 100. 192, 388***
*a deviation of 5%, ** a offset of .05% for 72% of all the planetary mass. ***a deviation of 1.75% between theory and nature.
Venus - Earth, .277 ~ 3 ; Earth - Mars .524 ~ 6 (5.54) ; Mars - Asteroids 1.28 ~12. Ceres to Jupiter 2.403 ~ 24. Jupiter to Saturn 4.334 ~ 48, (-11%), Saturn to Uranus, 9.654 ~ 96, Uranus to Pluto 20,29 ~ 192 (+6%)
V: :--the sun rotates at different rates depending on location. The poles take about 38days, the equator takes 24 to 25, so no, you're wrong on that too.
The poles are small, the equator big. 24:38, when adjusted for rotating mass, it is 28.5,-- period. If you are trying to elevate yourself by unfoundedly , shallowly shouting "wrong!", realize how hard it is to look down on people from below.
Thank you for posting that. Even your own math shows you are making false claims. Attempts at personal insults doesn't change that fact.
And for the record, it wasn't hard to look down at all. I love destroying pseudoscience BS.
Oh, and BTW, since I'm already up here dropping crumbs (and the mic), the only reason you can even pretend you're close is because your math is so bad you had to resort to rounding up and down at each step AND you left out Neptune because including all of the planets shows yet another reason why your hypothesis is wrong (besides, you know, actual math) AND you're still lying about how far away the asteroid belts are. For reference....Located between Mars and Jupiter, the belt ranges from 2.2 to 3.2 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun and is 1 AU thick.
Someone voted me down. At least that's what they thought they did. In my world all numbers mean whatever I want them to mean. Thanks for the glowing endorsement.
Prove that I am wrong with your NASA numbers.


For past few days......i have been curious about sky , space, universe.......or whatever we call it. Its amazing that when one sees at a clear sky at night, with so many stars, planets and other objects, it expands one's consciousness.
So to take a look at the night sky, I bought myself a "Konus - Skyview 60" telescope last week. :-)
Assembling it was easy but i took my own time understanding it. Then excitedly went up my building rooftop hoping to see some space stuff :P.
And then, the big question.........where do i start looking? Which direction do i point my telescope to see Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and all the other planets. Thats when my Galaxy-S android phone came to help. The Google Sky Map application was a beauty in helping me locate what i wanted to see in this infinite neverending sky above me (or rather i would say all around me).
It was 10pm and all that i could see then was Saturn as all the other planets, our Moon were on the other side...meaning, they were near the sun. So they wouldn't be visible at night for some more days now.
So i pointed my telescope up in the sky where my phone said i would find Saturn. And guess what..... i found it exactly where it said it would be. My excitement just grew :-). Technology makes things so easy :P
Now the next part was to adjust the scope and its focal length to see Saturn clearly. I was able to do that and adjust few scope parameters to see Saturn. And WOW !..........it was awesome. Saturn and its rings were clearly visible. Not like a huge image........but could clearly make out its round shape with the rings along its diameter. Looked gorgeous. I had only seen the images on T.V or the internet. But this day.........i was seeing it with my own eyes....Live ! :P
And after a while......a thought dawned in my mind. That was that Saturn there when i saw it? I mean yes it was Saturn.............but was it exactly at that same location when i saw it? We all know the fact that for light to each the earth it takes 8 minutes from Sun. So in this case, the rays of light from Sun, hit Saturn, and then get reflected from its surface towards earth. And that is how we see it. That is how we see all planets.
Saturn is 1 light hour away from Sun. It means it takes an hour for light to reach from Sun to Saturn. And then about 52 mins for few rays of light to reach from Saturn to Earth.
Interesting right ;-)
What that means is...........that Saturn what i was seeing with my telescope was not exactly there at that time. What i was seeing was Saturn that was there an hour back. Do you get my point :-)
So initially for me, the Truth was that what I was seeing was Saturn. But later I realized......that it was just a distortion of Truth, and not the actual truth :-) . (samajh ne waale samajh gaye !!!)
Space is indeed interesting. Reveals a lot just by being in the moment.
Here is the picture i managed to take from my DSLR cam...... to take a clear pic of Saturn, i would need a SLR and an adapter to attach it to the telescope!


The MESSENGER spacecraft will make its first flyby of Mercury today at 2:04:39 pm EST!! This image of Mercury was taken yesterday on January 13 when the spacecraft was at a distance of about 760,000 kilometers (470,000 miles) from Mercury. Mercury is about 4880 kilometers (about 3030 miles) in diameter, and the smallest feature visible in this image is about 20 kilometers (12 miles) across.
MESSENGER will begin to transmit the new data to Earth once all of the scientific measurements are completed, about 22 hours after the spacecraft's closest approach to Mercury. These flyby data will shed light on fundamental scientific questions related to the formation and evolution of the planet Mercury. As scientists analyze the data, the MESSENGER spacecraft will continue on its planned journey, which includes two more encounters of Mercury in October 2008 and September 2009, before entering an orbit around Mercury in March 2011.
Additional information and features from this first flyby will be available online at http://messenger.jhuapl.edu


Mt. Stromlo Public Astronomy Nights
Mount Stromlo Observatory in conjunction with the Canberra Astronomical Society invite the Canberra community to attend their public observing nights of 2017. Come and see the rings of Saturn, the craters of the moon as well as beautiful star clusters and nebulae. On the night attendees will be taken on a ‘tour of the universe’ with talks by astronomers from Mt. Stromlo Observatory and observations on several telescopes.
|When:||Friday 5 May from 7PM - 9PM|
|Where:||Mt. Stromlo Observatory|
|Cost:||Gold coin donation|
“Stercus accidit.” — David Hume.


Then I showed them a picture that I took in 2012 with my zoom lens when we had the supermoon:
My kids think it’s awesome that I took this picture, but they love even more being able to see the moon “up-close” and talking about things they can’t really see when they just look at the moon from their backyard.
The students had to sort the cards into categories – but they had to decide on the categories themselves. You could really see the creativity come out as the students discussed where the words belonged, and what words were related, with VERY limited knowledge (I had not officially begun teaching the moon at this point).
The students wrote the words under their categories they created in their notebooks:
Then I read them The Moon Book by Gail Gibbons.
Gail Gibbons is one of my favorite science mentor text authors, and this is another book that doesn’t disappoint!
It’s a great overview of all things lunar :o) and it has great illustrations!
After we read the book, the students returned to their groups and decided if any of their words needed to be moved to another category, or even if a new category needed to be created.
To assess their understanding of the words, I asked the students to choose one category they created and explain why they put their words in that category. Here are a few examples (typed word-for-word from their paragraphs):
The category I picked is what the moon has. The words are near side, far side, crater, phases, wane, and wax. You might be puzzled as to why I picked wane and wax it’s because the moon has waxing and waning phases. It also has a near side which is the side we always see at night. It has a far side that we could never see unless we went to outer space. The moon has phases and craters too.
My group I will share is causes and in my group are tides, lunar, eclipse, and month. The moon causes high tides and low tides. The moon is the cause of lunar eclipses. It is also the cause of the months because it takes about a month so that’s probably why we have months.
The catockory (hee hee! how great is that spelling??) I chose is what the moon does the words that are in that catockory are moon set, rotate, reflect, revolve, and moon rise. The moon rises and sets in the sky. It rotates and revolves around Earth. It reflects the sun’s light. That is the things the moon does at night.
If you teach the moon, you should definitely try this activity. If you have some low babies in your room, you can always differentiate by giving them the categories instead of having them think of them on their own… or give them fewer cards to sort.
Speaking of writing… that’s our topic for Workshop Wednesday this week!
This week, let’s share how we get students to GET STARTED on their writing piece– what are some strategies you use to get your students to begin writing instead of staring at their paper? (You know the ones I’m talking about!!)
Have a great Sunday!


Thesis defense: 7 days remain
For a conference talk, I pretty much have one point I want to get across, and I have 7 to 15 minutes to do so. If I have anything that requires length, I do a poster and just have to give a short (like 1-2 minutes) and non-technical elevator pitch, and anyone interested will swing by to chat with me about the details. But for a conference talk I have a captive audience ranging from my adviser (who has been following my progress and has probably heard me rehearse) to 'that undergrad who wandered in because rings sounded interesting'.
The audience is a bit similar for a thesis defense, in that, say, a cosmologist might not know much about the rings of Saturn besides 'they look very nice'. Considering I have a cosmologist on my committee*, I need to talk for her as a general 'knows physics and astronomy, but does not know about 35 years of ring research** and does not need to know all of the details'.
But the length means there's a temptation to put all that in, since I'm trying to summarize a 200 page document that took me *cough* years to do. Thankfully, several friends sat me down after the practice talk and said 'you are bogging down in details, cut as much as you can from that and focus on the major points of your research and the background people need to understand that'.
They also suggested labeling the giant picture of Saturn we have in the room I'll be defending in with post-it notes so that people can look at it if I start naming ring regions. Which, hey, if I got it, I might as well use it.
* Rules are you need at least one person outside your field, so I have two planetary scientists, a theorist that models gas disks around stars, and an observational cosmologist. The last two have appointments outside of astronomy as well. (So one is both a Professor of Astronomy and a Professor of Physics, and one is both a Professor of Astronomy and Professor of Applied and Engineering Physics. For that matter, my adviser is the only one who doesn't have a dual appointment -- the other planetary scientist is also a Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Most people get around Cornell's requirement that you have a 'minor member' by a professor with a dual appointment... or an Earth and Atmospheric Science professor if you study rocks or something.
** 1978 is the earliest paper I cite in the dissertation.


- NASA named its new space telescope after Nancy Grace Roman, the “Mother of Hubble.”
- The telescope will have greater capabilities than Hubble and will be specially tuned to hunt for nearby exoplanets.
- Nancy Grace Roman was the first woman to hold an executive position at NASA and is considered to be instrumental in the Hubble program.
- Visit BGR’s homepage for more stories.
We don’t like to admit it, but NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope won’t be around forever. Sure, the joint NASA/ESA partnership that keeps Hubble’s observations going says it could last another decade or maybe longer, but eventually, a successor will be shot skyward to offer new perspectives on the cosmos.
The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope is that successor, and NASA just gave it a very fitting name. The spacecraft, which is still in development, has been named the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, or just Roman Space Telescope for brevity’s sake.
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Thursday is the 40th anniversary of Skylab falling again to Earth. Whereas most individuals realize it as America’s first manned area station, its affect extends a lot additional.
Skylab launched Might 14, 1973 and orbited the Earth 2,249 instances earlier than it fell to the Earth’s floor, touchdown in a distant a part of Australia on July 11, 1979.
“Skylab’s greatest legacy was that it was a instructing instrument,” creator and filmmaker Dwight Steven-Boniecki, who directed the documentary Trying to find Skylab, advised Digital Traits. “It utterly rewrote the e book on photo voltaic physics.”
Boniecki stated he directed the movie “to deliver gentle to the lesser identified achievements of the area station and its lasting legacy for area exploration.
Bonjecki stated that the scope of labor and analysis performed on Skylab formed area analysis endlessly.
The NASA astronauts who occupied Skylab checked out photo voltaic flares for the primary time, noticed a comet that was the very first time a celestial object had been seen from outer area, noticed cyclones and hurricanes to get a greater understanding of find out how to predict them, and took greater than 170,000 photographs of the Solar and 46,000 photographs of the Earth.
Photos taken of the Earth from Skylab have even helped with mineral exploration, resulting in the invention of copper mines.
“[The astronauts] had eagle eyes for these items that we take without any consideration at the moment,” Bonjecki stated.
Once you consider Skylab, although, most individuals assume the station bodily impacting Earth, and never essentially its affect on analysis. Bonjecki stated that because it went into area carefully after the Apollo 11 moon touchdown, most individuals had been already “unimpressed” by area exploration.
“Skylab itself didn’t actually have a hype. It’s a forgotten period as a result of it falls within the shadow of Apollo 11,” he stated. “Within the collective consciousness, in case you evaluate it to strolling on the moon, it’s like, ‘So what?’”
Bonjecki additionally attributes folks’s lack of curiosity in Skylab due to the Watergate scandal that occurred across the identical time. He stated a lot of the media was dedicated to protecting that, moderately than the area station.
However Bonjecki was all the time inquisitive about Skylab’s discoveries and histories.
“I used to be terrified that Skylab was going to hit my home as a younger 10-year-old boy dwelling in Australia since we knew that Australia was within the flight path,” he stated. “Once I awakened the subsequent morning it was everywhere in the information that it had impacted Australia and it had change into a media frenzy everywhere in the world.”
Since then, Bonjecki pored over the analysis, the photographs and the movies that had been captured on Skylab, finally creating his movie. He stated he reviewed 600 plus hours of footage, together with uncommon footage shot on the area station itself.
Bonjecki stated he hopes his movie helps folks get a greater understanding of Skylab the way it’s affect science over the previous 40 years.
“They left no stone unturned with reference to knowledge they may accumulate [on Skylab],” he stated. “The sheer quantity of information that was discovered is astounding.”


NASA plans to launch its next moon rocket on Saturday following the first attempt’s failure due to engine sensor issues and fuel leaks.
The 322-foot rocket’s first flight, scheduled for Monday but delayed late in the countdown, is NASA’s most powerful rocket ever. As managers confirmed their confidence in their plan and weather forecasters predict good weather, the Kennedy Space Center is ready to begin to run again.
For the first time since the Apollo mission 50 years ago, a crew capsule atop the rocket will carry three test dummies on a six-week journey around the moon and back. Before putting humans in the spaceship for the next scheduled trip in two years.
NASA’s deputy manager of exploration ground systems, Jeremy Parsons says, “This is a test flight, right? And so while I feel very good about our procedures, when you look the team in the eye, they’re ready. We can’t control the weather.”
The Space Launch System rocket’s engineers insisted Thursday evening that all four main engines were in good and that a faulty temperature sensor caused them to appear unusually warm on Monday.
At takeoff, the engines must be at or below -420 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 250 degrees Celsius) of the liquid hydrogen fuel to avoid damage and in-flight shutdown.
The launch team will run another engine test, but this time earlier in the countdown, after fueling starts on Saturday morning. According to Honeycutt, even if the sensor indicates that one engine is excessively warm other sensors may be used to verify that everything is operating as it should and to stop the countdown if a problem arises.
Because of fuel leaks, NASA could not do that engine test earlier this year. However, there were further fuel leaks on Monday, and technicians tightened several loose connections.
The test trip, which cost $4.1 billion, is the first step in NASA’s plan to transport astronauts to the moon in 2024 and land them there in 2025. The last moonwalk by astronauts was in 1972.
Presented by CTC News


Less than a decade from now (almost) superpowers, Russia and China, are considering building a nuclear power plant on the moon with the help of robots. Talk about taking the phrase “shoot for the stars” to another level!
The moon would get a whole lot more electrified, like literally. Why on the moon would they want to do that? Well, for one, space exploration is always at the forefront of any technological development, while finding cleaner sources of energy is another factor to go nuclear!
But wait, there’s more! With a nuclear power plant nestled on the lunar surface, we’re not just talking about powering Earth – we’re talking about laying the groundwork for human colonization of the moon! Head of Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, Yuri Borisov said that this advancement could allow for future settlements on the moon. Think moon bases, lunar colonies – maybe even moon vacations! Who needs a tropical beach when you can have low-gravity fun and games on the Sea of Tranquility? Puts the moon in honeymoon for sure!
Of course, building a nuclear power plant on the moon isn’t all sunshine and moonbeams. There are challenges to overcome – technical hurdles, logistical nightmares, and let’s not forget the issue of space radiation. But if anyone can turn a seemingly impossible dream into reality, it’s these daring folks at Roscosmos and CNSA!
There is a whole galaxy of possibilities through China and Russia’s collaboration out there! The future sure looks moon-brighter!
We will stop with the moon puns now! But do keep an eye out for developments on this topic!


SAVE THE DATES! Pack your Cossies!
Sunday 14th – Friday 19th July, 2019
‘Barefoot EoR’: Exploring the first billion years of the Universe
Six years on from ‘Reionization in the Red Centre’ we invite you to join us in Tropical North Queensland where we will convene international experts in simulations, theory and observations of the first billion years of the Universe in a beautiful Great Barrier Reef location.
The past few years have seen continued progress in our ability to observe and characterize the very early universe within the first one billion years of cosmic history before the end of cosmic reionization. The first generations of galaxies are being studied in unprecedented detail using large multi-wavelength datasets from the Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra Space Telescopes, as well as 8-10 m-class ground-based telescopes. ALMA is probing galaxies from the reionization era at millimeter wavelengths, providing revolutionary insights into molecular gas, dust, and dynamics at high redshift. Early galaxy and quasar searches are being pushed into new territory with deep near-infrared surveys covering several square degrees. New advances in computation have led to a new generation of early universe simulations reaching unprecedented mass resolution over large volumes. Future capabilities (JWST; SKA precursors; etc), combined with current ground and space observatories, will greatly enhance our ability to explore the reionization epoch in even greater detail. The goal of this meeting is to bring together a wide community of observers and theorists to discuss both recent progress as well as future perspectives for galaxy studies within the first billion years and for cosmic reionization.
Among the key topics to be explored at this meeting are:
- First Stars and First Galaxies
- Cosmic Reionization of hydrogen
- Galaxies and Quasars at z>6
- Molecular Gas and Dusty Star Formation at High Redshift
- Galaxy Evolution from z~10 to z~5
- High Redshift Star Formation and Feedback
- Implications for Galaxy Buildup at z<5
- Spectroscopy of z>6 Sources
- To see the venue, Fitzroy Island Resort — ‘Where the Rainforest Meets the Reef’ — please go to: http://www.fitzroyisland.com/
- Registration and abstract submission will open in November.
- Please pre-register on the conference here:
- 16th August 2018: First announcement and pre-registration
- 1st November 2018: Abstract submission opens
- 23rd November 2018: Abstract submission closes
- 11th February 2019: Program announced
- 25th March 2019: Registration, accommodation and conference fee payment deadline
Scientific Organising Committee
Stuart Wyithe (co-chair, University of Melbourne)
Cathryn Trott (co-chair, ICRAR/Curtin University)
Benedetta Ciardi (Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)
Xiaohui Fan (University of Arizona)
Steve Finkelstein (University of Texas)
Leon Koopmans (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute)
Emma Ryan-Weber (Swinburne University)
Rachel Webster (University of Melbourne)
Local Organising Committee
Rachel Webster (UMelb)
Kim Dorrell (UMelb)
Michele Trenti (UMelb)
Christian Reichardt (UMelb)
Jack Line (ICRAR/Curtin University)
We look forward to seeing you next year.


I spotted this science post from Darksyde at Kos the other day but it wasn't till about 3AM today that it finally started to work.
SC: Dark energy is completely different -- it's a certain amount of energy density inherent in space itself. Every cubic centimeter of space contains a fixed and immutable amount of dark energy, even if it's completely empty! The dark energy doesn't cluster into galaxies like dark matter, nor does it dilute away as the universe expands. Again, we have multiple independent lines of evidence in favor of this surprising idea -- from precision measurements of the expansion of the universe, to the evolution of large-scale structure, to the overall curvature of space itself. What the dark energy really is, and why it comes in the amount it does, remain a mystery; but there is plenty of evidence that it really is there.
Enlarge Illustration--Recent observations indicate the presence of mysterious Dark Energy which is accelerating the rate at which the universe expands. if this process continues unabated, it could result in The Big Rip: Time and Space, down to the scale of individual atoms, will literally explode.
Now, what keeps trundling through my grey matter is this. If the universe expands at an ever increasing rate until it tears itself apart at a subatomic level, the energy level of the universe at the very last instant is going to be about whatever it was at the beginning.
But the Third law says "The entropy of an isolated system not at equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value." So how does that apply to a Universe where the predominant force is dark energy that ends up driving everything, even atoms, apart at speeds beyond the speed of light?


By: Sarah Copeland
Last night I watched The Martian for the first time. It was a very interesting movie but the whole time I kept thinking: Dang that PR team must have been working REALLY hard. For those of you who haven’t seen the movie, and without me spoiling anything, all you really need to know is that there was a really bad storm on Mars and during the evacuation NASA basically left an astronaut stranded on a desolate planet. That accident is hard to explain to the public because that is one BIG “whoops”.
So NASA basically had to do two things. First, they had to find a way to rescue their abandoned astronaut. Second, they had to handle the press asking a range of question about NASA procedures and missions. Originally NASA and the media thought that the astronaut was dead and therefore NASA was dealing with giving a statement about how awful it was to lose a member of their team but it is a well-known risk of space travel. It became a worse situation when they found out he was alive.
So why was this a crisis? Well, when you accidentally leave an astronaut on another planet with limit resources and no plans to go back to the planet for another four years, you have a big problem. The first best practice of PR I saw was when they found out he was alive. NASA did not try and hide the fact they mistakenly announced the death of their astronaut. Instead, NASA released the information within 24 hours along with a statement. Then they worked on a rescue mission. This shows basic crisis communication stages of identifying a crisis and working out ways to fix the crisis while staying transparent.
I know this is more of a sci-fi film but I honestly think it would be great for PR students who are especially interested in crisis communication. There are plenty of instances where the NASA director didn’t use his best judgement and had to take the fall when it came to informing the public of failures. This movie didn’t always show the backlash from the public but you definitely saw the difficulties NASA went through when deciding how to handle their crisis.
Of course, there are ranges of difficulty when it comes to handling crises. This one just so happened to be massive and in the form of an interesting movie. I couldn’t pass up the opportunity to use a good movie to talk about PR.
Bernstein, J. (2015). The 10 Steps of Crisis Communications | Bernstein Crisis Management. Retrieved March 17, 2016, from http://www.bernsteincrisismanagement.com/the-10-steps-of-crisis-communications/
Clawson Freeo, S. K. (n.d.). Crisis Communication Plan. Retrieved March 17, 2016, from http://www.niu.edu/newsplace/crisis.html
The Martian – Zone 6. (2016). Retrieved March 17, 2016, from http://www.zone-six.net/2016/02/01/the-martian/
What is crisis communications? – SHIFT Communications PR Agency – Boston | New York | San Francisco | Austin. (2013, April 02). Retrieved March 17, 2016, from http://www.shiftcomm.com/blog/what-is-crisis-communications/


You won’t need to be a rocket scientist to construct these DIY kits. These officially licensed NASA building sets are a fun challenge for fans of the space program. The kit includes instructions and an Allen wrench for construction. Recommended for ages 12+. Rocket kit includes 458 pcs; 12” H. Lunar Lander includes 412 pcs; 6” H. Mars rover includes 214 pcs; 5 ½” H. Shuttle includes 134 pcs; 9 ½” H.
Use collapsible tabs for more detailed information that will help customers make a purchasing decision.
Ex: Shipping and return policies, size guides, and other common questions.


Jr. Science Searchers – Completing Kindergarten
From Ocean Depths to Outer Space
Plunge into the mysteries of the ocean. Meet sea animals, large and small, friendly and dangerous. How do their babies live? Make edible aquariums. How is a coral reef like a giant apartment building? Clean up a mini oil spill and find out how we can protect the ocean. Then explore the sun, moon, planets and stars! Develop the surface of the moon; look at its sea, volcanoes and Apollo landings, and build your own miniature ‘moon rover.’ How far can you jump on the moon? Calculate your weight on other planets. Harness the energy of the sun in your solar oven to roast toasty marshmallows.
Ancient Academy – Completing Grades 3-8
Medieval Times: From Castle to Village
Learn the mysteries of a castle keep. Did your ancestor build the keep when he served in the stonemason guild? Join a guild yourself and experience the everyday life of a medieval artisan. Train as an apprentice and master your craft, from architect to armorer to tailor, scribe or actor. Your role as a peasant will have its rewards with a street fair! Celebrate with food, fanfare and frolic! Practice Gothic calligraphy. ‘Relive’ the Canterbury Tales of Everyman play, or tell your own tale of knights in shining armor.
GRC’s Space Academy – Completing Grades 1-5
Beyond the Moon: Sailing into Space
Equip your ‘cislunar outpost’ as a launch site to explore the planets, moons and space-time continuum. Can you use solar sails to propel your spacecraft? Construct scientific instruments to support your work. How do astronomers use the electromagnetic spectrum to explore outer space? Explore the phenomenon of two black holes that crashed into each other and merged, creating gravitational waves. Program your LEGO robotic rover to assist in you experiments. Construct and launch our own rocket.
GRC’s Advanced Space Academy – Completing Grades 6-8
Beyond the Moon: Science of Lunar Launching
What are the scientific implications of building a launch site on the moon? Is it scientifically more viable to build the parts on earth and transport them? How will ion propulsion help? Once you’ve ‘launched’ from the moon, explore potential habitable conditions of other planets. How would space weather affect astronauts traveling to or living on distant planets? How can we recycle carbon dioxide to create energy on another planet? Design, build, launch and evaluate the performance of your own rocket, and use LEGO Mindstorm EV3 materials to design robots for the ‘heavy lifting’ in your day-to-day work. Will you beat the Europa Clipper or the Mars 2020 Rover?
Academy Americana – Completing Grades 1-3
Who (Was) Were…Early 20th Century Stars?
From Amelia Earhart to women in WWII, from Marie Curie to Jackie Robinson, explore the many frontiers of the early 20th century! Build a plane like Earhart’s and compare her flights to those of Charles Lindbergh. Stake a claim and build a shack in Hooverville, then create your own hobo language. Design your own pennant to cheer your hometown teams in the 1944 World Series in St. Louis’ Sportsman Park. Challenge yourself at codes like the WWII “Code Girls.” Want more sugar than your WWII ration book allows? Can peaches! From walking and wagons during the Dust Bowl to high-tech planes and cars: Change IS the frontier!
Academy Themes Connect With Physical Training
An integral part of each Summer Academy experience, our physical training (PT) is no ordinary play time. Activities are directly linked to each Summer Academy. For example, in Math, Marvels & More, enjoy scooterboard math games and cooperative math aerobics. Space cadets will use teamwork in their cooperative games as they prepare for space travel. No matter the era or interest, PT always spells F-U-N!
$490 per 2-week session
For information about GRC Summer Academies or to request a brochure, please call 314.962.5920 or email us at email@example.com


The NASA MAVEN spacecraft, which will gather information on Mars’ past climate, is now undertaking its 10 month mission to Mars after a successful 10:28 a.m. PT launch today.
MAVEN will arrive at Mars in September 2014 and then begin orbiting, ranging in altitude from 78 to more than 3,800 miles above the planet’s surface. It will use its on-board scientific instruments to document the characteristics of each part of Mars’ upper atmosphere and ionosphere. It will also measure how the planet interacts with the sun and its associated particles.
The data will help scientists determine if Mars was ever habitable and what caused its atmosphere to thin and water to disappear. While NASA has been sending crafts to Mars for nearly 50 years now, this is the first time a mission has focused on studying the planet’s upper atmosphere. MAVEN’s work will also complement the Curiosity rover goals and inform the development of future missions.
“After 10 years of working on this, I can’t tell you how excited I am to see this finished spacecraft ready to go,” principal investigator Bruce Jakosky said in a release. “Mars is a complicated system, just as complicated as the Earth in its own way. You can’t hope, with a single spacecraft, to study all aspects and to learn everything there is to know about it. With MAVEN, we’re exploring the single biggest unexplored piece of Mars so far.”
MAVEN is composed of a 5,400 pound cube flanked by wing-like solar panels. Altogether, it is 37 feet long. It will travel to Mars aboard a rocket before being released into orbit.
The MAVEN launch was a key NASA responsibility threatened by the October government shutdown. Beginning today, NASA had a 20 day period when cosmic conditions were acceptable for launch.
“Launch is an important event, but it’s only a step along the way to getting the science measurements,” Jakosky said in a previous release. “We’re excited about the science we’ll be doing, and are anxious now to get to Mars.”


Leo Matiz Espinoza
its 2014 and still no fanfic could top this one
Things I Should Be Doing
- so many
Things I Am Not Currently Doing
- any of that
Her (2013) dir. Spike Jonze
guys this is in Toronto
it’s called Sugar Beach
Have a fabulous day!
@ everyone who graduated last year…how do i deal with this tiredness its literally taken over my life and I’m sick and stressed about colleges what do i do?
Peering deep into the heart of the Milky Way, this image shows a region of the sky in the constellation of Sagittarius. The two knots of stars you see are the globular clusters NGC 6522 (upper right) and NGC 6528 (lower left). There are over 200,000 stars in this image alone which covers a patch of sky just two-thirds as wide as the full moon.
The vastness of the cosmos is staggering.
Photo by Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
Info Credit: Phil Plait, Bad Astronomy