Could they pass through the Van Allen Belt to the Moon | Or Not?
Van Allen Radiation Belt is a double torch formed of particles of energy (plasma) around Earth, retained by its magnetic field. Under the action of Lorentz electromagnetic forces, these particles describe the spiral trajectories between the two magnetic poles of the Earth. The role of a magnetic trap played by the geomagnetic field has been intrigued since 1907 by Carl Størmer, who also provided the spiral motion of the electrified particles.
The actual discovery of the radiation straps is due to James Van Allen. This, by processing the data transmitted by some of the first Artificial Earth satellites, Explorer 2 and 4, has established the existence of two radiation areas at different altitudes (1958). Of these, the internal radiation belt stretches between 1,000 and 6,000 km altitude and is composed mainly of high energy protons (10-200 megaelectronvolts) and the external radiation belt stretches between 15,000 and 25,000 km and is composed mainly of high energy electrons. Besides these two belts, in 1963, a third radiation belt was discovered, composed mainly of electrons and located at altitudes over 7,000 km.
The study of the radiation belts and the subsequent exploration of the magnetosphere – a region of the peritoneal space in which the action of the geomagnetic field is predominantly – allowed for the theoretical interpretation of their origin and the investigation of the phenomena from the high atmosphere (such as, for example, polar auras). At the same time, the danger of irradiating space crews could be avoided by properly making the shell of the spacecraft.
Some sceptics, who claim that man has never reached the moon, say that man can not pass this belt because of the strong, fatal radiation for him. But there are some answers given by scientists. They claim that Apollo passed through this belt fast, astronauts being exposed for only a while to radiation. They have not received a dose considered dangerous, at least in comparison with other risks of space missions. According to the conspiracy theory followers, the United States was at the point where they had to demonstrate at all costs that they possessed superior technology to the Soviet one, and the only way they could do it was to send a man to the moon, the prize missing from showcase The Soviet Union.
But did the Americans have the technology needed to transport a human crew to the moon? The answer is one that is disputed even today. Apollo 11 was the first mission whose purpose was to send people and land. Apollo 11 was launched on July 16, 1969. Commander Neil Alden Armstrong, Michael Collins, commander of the pilot module, and Edwin Eugen Aldrin, commander of the module, were on board. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first people to step on the Moon’s surface.
Mass media has a strong impact on the influence of the population. Various theories have been released, even books have been written that suggest Americans have not reached the moon in that Apollo 11 mission, or even people have never reached the moon, claiming that images and movies have been tampered with in some laboratories. Some sceptics say that the whole moon program was falsified due to the technology that was too advanced because of the radiation from the Van Allen belt, solar wind, cosmic radiation, and so on. Others claim that the moon arrived, only the moonlighting and images on the Moon were tampered with. Some of the reasons why the US would have falsified the landing would have been: The Cold War, the money, the risk the astronauts were undergoing, and the promise of President Kennedy through his famous speech.
The original recording of the Apollo 11 mission
The transmitted signal was incompatible with commercial TVs, so a regular camera turned to the monitor that was broadcast live on the Big Moon event. What people saw, were the pictures filmed by that room.
Despite some technical difficulties, black-and-white images of the first human step on the moon were transmitted. The images have seen over 600 million people on Earth. But the original recordings are missing. this has created many suspicions among people. After describing the surface “fine as the powder,” Armstrong stepped on the lunar surface and entered history as the first man to reach the moon, saying “a small step for man, a huge step for mankind.” We will present some of the questions that have raised suspicions and some answers that will solve the enigmas to some extent.
Why does the flag move like a wind blow?
“Not being the atmosphere and not being gravity, this should not have happened,” say those who believe that filming was made on the ground. The support column of the flag was shaken, which followed, was a continuation of the oscillation, not the friction with the air as it happens on Earth to dampen the movement. The flag argument does not prove the falsification of the mission. A Newton theory says, “A moving body tends to remain in motion as long as no force is exerted on it.”
Why did not there be any stars in the sky?
The devices at that time were not of the quality of the present ones. The exposure was adjusted for the soil, and for the stars, it would take another exposure period. This is one of the simple answers that can be found in this quote. there was no atmosphere, the sunlight was very intense and covered everything that came from “outside”. NASA officials have argued that sunlight, extremely strong on the surface of the Moon, is capable of obstructing any image of the stars. the same thing happens, American scientists say, when you try to photograph the sky at night in a brightly lit city. The only possibility that the stars become visible on the Moon would be that an astronaut would take pictures on the dark side of the Moon.
Why did not the sand dust rise to the Moon?
Experiments on a single grain of dust help us to understand some of the strange but also complex properties of the lunar dust. The astronauts who went on the moon between 1969 and 1972 were surprised to find out how “sticky” is the lunar dust. Sticking to their costumes and gears, it was a real problem, astronauts said. Many researchers claim that the monthly dust is charged electrically. During a lunar day, intense ultraviolet rays (UV) from the sun hit electrons. The dust grains on the surface of the Moon during a day become positively charged. Eventually, rejection charges become so strong that grains are thrown miles over the Moon until gravity will make them fall back.
But why do lunar sand particles become positively charged when illuminated by ultraviolet rays? If so, which are the most affected, the small or the big ones? And what happens to the dust of the moon when it is charged?
The most harmful to the human body is the effect of radiation. The space agency has analyzed the data gathered by the Curiosity rover on its flight to the Red Planetand concluded that interplanetary space is a very hostile environment. Space is empty but saturated with charged particles. some come from massive coronal ejections or from solar storms and others are produced by supernovae and are called galactic cosmic radiation. They have different effects on the human body. An astronaut would feel very bad if he hit a wave of solar particles and would not wear a special suit.
Inside the spacecraft, the risk that these particles will affect people is greatly reduced. Galactic cosmic rays, being the result of a star’s explosion, strike much larger energy and penetrate the metal shields of the ship. They are almost impossible to stop. the effects of interplanetary radiation on the human body are not yet well known. Until recently, scientists had little information about how much radiation can pass over the ship’s shell during a journey.
The Curiosity rover changed that. The 2-ton machine is equipped with a huge number of sensors, and for 235 days, as long as the road to Mars, has recorded the level of radiation. The ship in which the rover flew to the Red Planet is similar to the one that will be built for human passenger missions. On average, a radiation level of 1.8 milliseconds per day was recorded. On Terra, the human body is subjected to only 3 milliseconds in a year. In a round trip to Mars, the astronauts would spend almost 360 days on the ship. According to this scientist, the human body would have undergone 662 milliseconds of radiation during this period. Some space agencies allow astronauts to expose to 1,000 milliseconds throughout their careers. NASA’s standards vary by individual, and limits are imposed by age and gender. The American Agency does not increase the risk of cancer by more than 3%.
The level of radiation humans would be exposed to on a journey to Mars would not be lethal. Cancer induction and central nervous system damage are the greatest risks, said Cary Zeitlin, a doctor at the Southwest Research Institute in Colorado.
Developing more efficient anti-radiation shields would help, but only up to a point. water and other hydrogen-containing materials protect against radiation, but “even the best shields would improve the problem by 20-25%,” Zeitler said. So not only the Van Allen belt is problematic, but even the space beyond it. Of course, Mars is farther than the Moon, but the questions remain: how did the Belt cosmonauts and how they resisted in space without being affected in any way if the protection they were receiving was minimal?
One of the greatest puzzles of the world is the torque that forms energy particles around the Earth, also called the Van Allen belts. Since their discovery in 1958, astronomers from all over the world have been trying to understand the source of these particles and what makes them so accelerating. Some particles reach a speed very close to that of light. The inner part of the radiation belt is quite stable, instead, the external part changes shape, dimensions and even composition
In 1963, a third radiation band, composed mainly of electrons, was first observed by scientists. After a few weeks, the belt disappears until 2013 when NASA’s Van Allen particle detection tools detected it again. This third Van Allen belt was observed for only four weeks after which it disappeared again, inexplicably. Radiation belts are at an altitude of 1,000-60,000 km, and the particles are formed inside them and do not come from outside, as originally thought. Data from the Van Allen probes show that the velocities the particles are touching are caused by some electromagnetic waves called “Whistler”.
Many of the telecommunication services are affected by the radiation from Van Allen belts, especially when these electromagnetic waves are formed.
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23 Sep SPRING STAR FINDER EXPERIMENTSet your star finders to 9 PM o
SPRING STAR FINDER EXPERIMENTSet your star finders to 9 PM on April 9, facing south.1. a) What is the sidereal time (right ascension of the meridian)?________b) Name five constellations that are located on the meridian.22.214.171.124.5.2. What is the right ascension and declination where the ecliptic intersects the celestial equator?R.A. ____ Dec _____3. a) What star is at the following coordinates? R.A. Dec _________________13h 30’ -12ob) What constellation is it in?________________4. Name two constellations rising in the east__________________________5. Name two constellations setting in the west__________________________6. Locate the following stars and give their approximate coordinates and constellations.Star R.A. Dec ConstellationRegulusSiriusProcyon2Now, keeping your date the same, look north.7. a) What star is at the following coordinates? R.A. Dec 5h 30′ +460_________________b) What constellation is it in?________________c) What star is at the following coordinates? R.A. Dec 14h 20′ +200_________________d) What constellation is it in?_________8. What constellation is located between Polaris and the north point of your horizon?_____________________Now, set your star finders to 2 AM on April 9 facing south.9. Locate the following stars and give their approximate coordinates and constellations.Star R.A. Dec ConstellationAntaresAltair10. Locate the constellation Centaurus. Within it is an object that has w next to it. What kind of object is this? _____________________________11. Suppose you want to view the following stars on the meridian. What time would this occur, on April 9?Star TimeSpicaRegulusAntares312. Keep the date on April 9 at 2 AM, looking south and locate the following objects. Using the Objects for Binoculars on the planisphere, indicate what kind of objects they are. Using your Sky Atlas, look on the Nebula Numbers page on p. 154 and locate these same objects. Write down the map number, constellation, and write what notes are written about them. Object Map # What is it? ConstellationM 22Notes from Sky AtlasObject Map # What is it? ConstellationM 8Notes from Sky AtlasObject Map # What is it? Constellationw CentauriNotes from Sky AtlasObject Map # What is it? ConstellationM 5Notes from Sky AtlasObject Map # What is it? Constellation4M7Notes from Sky AtlasObject Map # What is it? ConstellationM6Notes from Sky Atlas13. Determine the rise and set times for bright stars, tonight, March 17.Remember, that stars rise in the east and set in the west. A star rises/sets when it just peeks over the eastern/western horizon. For the following stars, indicate the time they rise & the time they set. You will find some that rise and/or set before 7 PM and after 5 AM. Just write Daytime for those stars.Star Rise time Set Time a) Antares (Scorpius)b) Altair (Aquila)c) Regulus14. This last part uses your Sky Atlas. Go to the Calendar page, p. 152, and do the following:a) On what date in September of 2015, was there a full moon?b) On that date, what type of eclipse occurred?c) On what date will Saturn be in opposition this year? (That means opposite the sun) d) In what constellation, will this opposition occur?e) What was the first date this year, when Mercury reached eastern elongation? (farthest east of the sun and it would be visible at sunset)f) What was the first date this year, when Mercury reached western elongation? (farthest west of the sun and it would be visible at sunrise)What did you learn in today’s experiment?5
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A SOLITARY SUN WAITS IN THE COLD DARKNESS OF SPACE FOR ITS SOLAR SYSTEM
Imagine in the cold, lonely depths of space there’s a sun waiting for the mysterious forces of the cosmos to bring it a solar system. In the new mobile game, Lonely Sun, you have that celestial power of planetary genesis. In fact, you are the guiding hand of gravity. All that stands between you and the fulfillment of a distant sun’s destiny are five unique levels – one for each of the five planets. Every world (Nuriona, Ametho, Neryssa, Isoley and Siroccee) has its own strange landscapes, distinct dangers, and gravitational forces to surmount on your way to building a complete star system.
As a fledgling planet, your main goal is to guide it carefully through the dark recesses of space, collect planet cores from all level stages to gradually grow large enough to orbit the lonely sun at the center of the solar system. However, the odds of new worlds coalescing in the cold danger of space are slim and take time. Be sure to avoid anything that appears dangerous or threatening.
METAPHOR FOR LIFE
Lonely Sun was initially imagined as a metaphor for life, a simplified version of life’s complicated nature, tribulations and hurdles.
Overcoming dangers, navigating through strange worlds, remembering what you’ve gone through, learning as you go… all these are meant to make you resilient. The inevitable nature of failure gives you two choices: pick yourself up and try again or let the memory of your existence fade away.
Accomplishing goals takes time. The cosmic powers of planetary genesis that create the vastness and mystery of space follow the same rules: patience. Patience is the key to creating something beautiful, something worth living for.
One thing you’ll realize: “No checkpoints?” Our response: “Does life have checkpoints?”
WHAT THEY SAY
“A Blindingly Great Experience” – 4.5/5 | iFanzine
“The first thing you’ll notice about Lonely Sun is that it looks like a million dollars.” – FeedMyApp
“The graphics and storyline offered in Lonely Sun are both fresh and exciting.” – 4.5/5 | The iPhone App Review
“Lonely Sun is like no other that I have played before.” – 8.4/10 | Apps and Applications
“If you’re into minimalism, you’ll like the looks and sound, and if you’re into physics games that rely on skill and precision more than puzzles, you’ll love the gameplay.” – 9/10 | KeenGamer
“LONELY SUN is an immensely good looking platformer game (which is also annoyingly difficult) that would look amazing on the vibrant new display of your flashy new iPhone 7.” – A Rank | Edamame Reviews
“It’s games like Lonely Sun that make games apps able to compete with other handheld devices and platforms.” – Fan Appic
“… if you like a healthy dollop of challenge, garnished with delicious sound design and served on a warm plate of top notch design.” – SnappZilla


On Monday it will be possible to observe the supermoon
On Monday, November 14, it will be possible to see an unusual full moon, the so-called. Supermoon. On this day, Earth’s natural satellite will be both full and passing through the closest point to our planet in its orbit.
„Supermoon” or „super moon” is a colloquial term popularized in recent years by the media for a situation when there is a full Moon combined with the presence of our natural satellite at perigee, i.e. at the point of the orbit closest to the Earth (the formal name is not very popular and reads: syzygy perigee orbit, then the Moon-Earth-Sun are aligned). It causes its angular size to be larger and brighter than at normal full moons. Sam term "Supermoon" has no astronomical origin, and was invented in 1979 by an astrologer, Richard Nolle’a, in an article for one of the astrological journals.
Astronomers estimate that the nearest supermoon will be visible on November 14. On that day, the moment of full moon coincides with. 14.42 and the moment it passes through the perigee of its orbit at. 12.21. The distance between the Moon and the Earth at perigee will be 356514.9 km. The supermoon will be visible in the evening sky, as long as the cloud cover is not total and allows us to see the moon.
The supermoon on 14 November will be unique: the Earth’s natural satellite will be the closest to us not only in 2016, but since the beginning of the 21st century. It will be by 14 percent. higher and by 30 percent. brighter than a full moon, whichóThis occurs when the Moon is at the furthest point in its orbit. According to NASA, the next time the Moon will be this close to Earth during a full moon will not be until November 25, 2034.
Where does the zr come from?óniversification between the fullnesses? The Moon’s orbit wokóOur planet’s arc is not circular, but elliptical. The average distance between the Moon and the Earth is 384400 km, where the perigee (closest point of the orbit) can range from 356400 to 370400 km and the apogee (farthest point of the orbit) from 404000 to 406700 km. RóThe difference between the minimum and maximum distance is about 50 thousand kilometersów. In addition, the period between the two full moons is about 29.5 days, more than two days longer than the period of the Moon’s wokóEarth. That is why a full moon can occur in situations withóThe distance of the Moon from our planet.
It is worth mentioning that about two weeks after the Supermoon, on November 27 (two days before the new moon), we will have the greatest distance between the Moon and the Earth this year, at a distance of 406560.9 km.
The supermoon should not be confused with another phenomenon, the so called “new moon”. lunar illusion. When the Moon is low over the horizon, it seems larger to us than when it is high in the sky. This is an apparent effect resulting from the interpretation by our móThe moon will be the closest natural satellite to us not just in 2016, but since the beginning of the 21st centuryówhether the objectóThis is an apparent effect resulting from our interpretation of the. Ponzo illusions.


An astronaut took this photograph of a full Moon rising over a frigid Hudson Bay in northern Canada. Looking north from the International Space Station, Earth’s horizon gradually fades into the darkness of polar night.
The winter scene reveals icy shorelines and frozen landscapes under thin, wrinkled clouds. The small villages and towns along these shores in Manitoba Province receive just 6 to 7 hours of sunlight each day in December. A bit farther north, the Sun will not rise above the horizon again until January. This photo, taken around 1 p.m. local time, shows just how little sunlight reaches northern Canada during a winter day.
In October 2019, ice began to form as it usually does on northern Hudson Bay. As seasonal temperatures dropped and the hours of sunlight decreased, fast ice attached to the western shores of Hudson Bay and began spreading further south. Once frozen, Hudson Bay becomes a key habitat for migrating polar bears, which spend much of their time on the ice until it starts to melt again around June.
Astronaut photograph ISS061-E-77729 was acquired on December 12, 2019, with a Nikon D5 digital camera using a 50 millimeter lens and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 61 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by Andrea Meado, Jacobs Technology, JETS Contract at NASA-JSC.


Solar radiation, often dubbed the solar resource or just sunlight, is a general term for the electromagnetic radiation emitted through the sun. Solar radiation deserve to be captured and turned into useful forms that inter-base.net, such together heat and electricity, using a variety of technologies. However, the technological feasibility and also economical operation of these technologies at a details location depends on the available solar resource.
You are watching: Sunlight is a form of energy called _____
Every location on earth receives sunlight at least component of the year. The quantity of solar radiation the reaches any one point out on the Earth"s surface ar varies follow to:Geographic locationTime of daySeasonLocal landscapeLocal weather.
Because the earth is round, the sunlight strikes the surface ar at different angles, ranging from 0° (just above the horizon) to 90° (directly overhead). When the sun"s rays are vertical, the Earth"s surface gets every the inter-base.net possible. The an ext slanted the sun"s beam are, the longer they travel through the atmosphere, becoming much more scattered and diffuse. Due to the fact that the earth is round, the frigid polar areas never gain a high sun, and also because the the tilted axis of rotation, these locations receive no sun at every during component of the year.
The planet revolves roughly the sunlight in one elliptical orbit and also is closer come the sun during part of the year. When the sun is nearer the Earth, the Earth"s surface receives a little much more solar inter-base.net. The planet is nearer the sun when it is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the north hemisphere. However, the existence of large oceans moderates the name is summers and colder winters one would intend to check out in the southern hemisphere together a result of this difference.
The 23.5° tilt in the Earth"s axis of rotation is a more far-reaching factor in determining the quantity of sunshine striking the planet at a specific location. Tilting outcomes in longer days in the northern hemisphere from the feather (vernal) equinox to the autumn (autumnal) equinox and also longer work in the southern hemisphere during the other 6 months. Days and nights room both exactly 12 hrs long ~ above the equinoxes, i beg your pardon occur annually on or approximately March 23 and also September 22.
Countries such as the joined States, which lie in the center latitudes, receive an ext solar inter-base.net in the summer no only since days space longer, but likewise because the sun is practically overhead. The sun"s rays are far an ext slanted throughout the shorter days the the winter months. Cities such together Denver, Colorado, (near 40° latitude) receive practically three times an ext solar inter-base.net in June than they execute in December.
The rotation of the planet is also responsible for hourly variations in sunlight. In the beforehand morning and late afternoon, the sun is low in the sky. Its beam travel more through the environment than in ~ noon, as soon as the sunlight is at its highest possible point. On a clean day, the best amount of solar inter-base.net reaches a solar collector roughly solar noon.Diffuse and Direct Solar Radiation
As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, some of it is absorbed, scattered, and reflected by:Air moleculesWater vaporCloudsDustPollutantsForest firesVolcanoes.
This is called diffuse solar radiation. The solar radiation the reaches the Earth"s surface ar without being diffused is called direct beam solar radiation. The amount of the diffuse and also direct solar radiation is called global solar radiation. Atmospheric conditions can reduce direct beam radiation by 10% top top clear, dried days and also by 100% during thick, cloudy days.Measurement
Scientists measure up the quantity of sunlight falling on specific locations at various times of the year. Lock then calculation the lot of sunlight falling on areas at the same latitude with comparable climates. Dimensions of solar inter-base.net are frequently expressed as full radiation on a horizontal surface,or as total radiation on a surface ar tracking the sun.
Radiation data for solar electric (photovoltaic) systems are frequently represented together kilowatt-hours every square meter (kWh/m2). Straight estimates that solar inter-base.net may likewise be to express as watt per square meter (W/m2).
Radiation data because that solar water heating and space heating systems space usually stood for in brother thermal systems per square foot (Btu/ft2).Distribution
The solar source across the United claims is ample because that photovoltaic (PV) systems due to the fact that they use both direct and scattered sunlight. Other technologies might be more limited. However, the amount of power produced by any type of solar an innovation at a certain site relies on how much the the sun"s inter-base.net get it. Thus, solar technologies role most properly in the southwestern unified States, i m sorry receives the biggest amount the solar inter-base.net.
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View solar resource maps for both PV and also concentrating solar-thermal power.Additional Information
Learn more about just how solar works and also the solar office"s photovoltaics and concentrating solar-thermal power programs.


The nation celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 lunar landing this month, Seventy-nine-year-old Al Ybarra has special pride in that mission. He and his fellow UAW members at Local 887 built the rocket engines that propelled the ship to the moon and back and constructed the module compartment where the pilots sat. Ybarra started working on research and development of the ship’s F1 and J2 engines in 1961 at Rocketdyne when he hired into North American Rockwell in California. Eventually, Rockwell’s other divisions, along with Rocketdyne, finished testing and constructing the five F1’s, five J2’s, one module engine and the crew capsule in 1969 in time for the launch.
It was a massive undertaking by the nearly 30,000 Local 887 members. Once the equipment was ready, it was delivered by ship and special planes to the launch site. The rest is history.
“We put manifolds and heat exchangers on the engines that were 30 to 40 feet high, would put parts on and take them off, redo them. All of us that worked on it felt confident. Many of us were from the military and had discipline, dedication and a lot of pride in what we do,” said Ybarra, who went on to hold many leadership positions in Local 887, state union organizations and as an International Representative for the UAW.
“The Apollo 11 mission was an amazing feat,” he added. “Even though some people said it wouldn’t happen, I knew better.”
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Ancient Aliens LIVE™: Project Earth is a live, in-person experience celebrating the long-running program Ancient Aliens™ on The HISTORY® Channel. Join this ninety-minute interactive conversation featuring Ancient Astronaut Theorist Giorgio A. Tsoukalos, author David Childress, and investigative mythologist, William Henry as they discuss thought-provoking extraterrestrial theories on fan-favorite topics from Ancient Egypt to the moon, and paves for us the long road to Disclosure. This event will explore questions as old as the planet itself: have extraterrestrials visited our planet, are they here now, and when will they reveal themselves?
A limited number of POST-SHOW VIP photo opportunities will be available will be available as an add-on. Patrons will be escorted to the VIP experience post-show where they will have a photo taken by a professional photographer (no personal cameras or smart phones will be allowed). Your photo will be ready to download within three business days of the event. Instructions on how to get your photo will be handed to you during the VIP Post-show event. Please note that autographs will not be available. IMPORTANT: Please note that guests who have purchased a VIP upgrade must wear a proper face-covering at all times during the VIP event including in line, during the photo opportunity, and exiting the VIP experience. This policy is enforced for all patrons, regardless of vaccination status-- there will be no exceptions
There is an (8) ticket per customer limit for this event


I am thrilled to be leading two remarkable photography tours during 2019. The first tour (featured in today’s post) will be offered from Jun. 27 through Jul. 10, 2019 and features a comprehensive photographic itinerary through Chile and Easter Island, including the opportunity to observe and capture images of a total solar eclipse, one of the most spectacular natural events visible on Earth. Learn more and book your space here: Chile Eclipse Photography Tour.
Tomorrow’s post will explore the second of my tours in 2019, an exciting adventure through Mongolia that will be offered from Sep. 13 through Oct. 1, 2019.
From Jun. 27 through Jul. 10, 2019, join our small group of photography enthusiasts and experience the thrill of shooting a total solar eclipse as well as capturing the full range of Chile’s spectacular beauty including a visit to fabled Easter Island. Chile is a dream destination for travel photographers, offering breathtaking scenery, unique wildlife, unparalleled astrophotography, and fascinating cultural encounters. We’ve planned this unique itinerary to provide ample opportunities to capture unforgettable images that you won’t find in travel brochures and on postcards.
Our extraordinary photographic journey will take us from the historic and vibrant capital city of Santiago and colorful Valparaiso, to La Serena and Isla Damas for in-depth workshops on eclipse photography in preparation for capturing extraordinary images of the total solar eclipse in this region, then on to the stark otherworldly beauty of the Atacama Desert with the darkest skies on Earth that are perfect for astrophotography, and finally to mystical Easter Island where we’ll have the opportunity to meet and photograph the native Rapa Nui people in exclusive photo shoots we have customized to capture a strong sense of the people and the place.
Award-winning professional travel photographer Kyle Adler will be shooting alongside tour participants and will provide personalized in-the-field instruction. During our optional informal workshops, we’ll review our recent images, plan our shot list for upcoming locations, and cover techniques to make the best images possible. Topics will be tailored to the group’s interests and may cover any aspects of travel photography from shot planning to capture technique, and on to post-processing and image sharing. Unlike most photography tours, we will place a special emphasis on learning to use the camera as a bridge to enhanced understanding of the land and people we visit. Photographers of any level will see their images improve, and non-photographer friends and family are also most welcome to join this tour. You can make memorable images using whatever camera gear you wish to bring; it is not necessary to invest in specialized gear.
To learn more or to book this tour, please visit Eclipse Photography Tour in Chile.


Astronomy stars essay
Astronomy influence on civilization
Many times a year, they may write letters to NASA asking for money to pay their salary, along with money for grants and research. We all know how night sky looks like, but what is beyond it nobody exactly knows. The following will discuss nearly every aspect of the planet from its history, to the general composition of the planet, and everything in between. Astronomy may be the oldest recorded science. These are all very tangible examples of the effect astronomy has had on our everyday lives, but astronomy also plays an important role in our culture. Space telescopes gave access, for the first time in history, to the entire electromagnetic spectrum including rays that had been blocked by the atmosphere. Yes, there's the lack of air to consider. There are many books and magazines about astronomy for non-astronomers. Counting phases of the moon or observing the annual variations of day length could, after many years' collection of observations, serve as vital indicators for planting and harvesting times, safe or stormy season for sailing, or time to bring the flocks from winter to summer pastures A low-energy X-ray scanner developed by NASA is currently used for outpatient surgery, sports injuries, and in third-world clinics. Only a few people thought it was right. Astronomy consist of a lot of things that make up our solar system such as: the nine planets, asteroids, meteorites, the moon and the sun. Traveling through the forest or venturing out at sea would have been impossible if people had not realized that the stars stay relatively constant in position above them. Some other examples of technology transfer between astronomy and industry are listed below National Research Council, : The company General Motors uses the astronomy programming language Interactive Data Language IDL to analyse data from car crashes.
There was not a transitional period of a species evolving into a new creature I will argue that Ptolemy was the most integral part of the history of Greek astronomy Medicine struggles with similar issues: to see things that are obscured within the human body.
More than 32, thousand years ago there was no clocks but people know how to measure time. During the renaissance a priest named Nicolaus Copernicus thought, from looking at the way the planets moved, that the Earth was not the center of everything.
More specifically, when ancient human realized to observe stars by naked eyes, they all thought the stars and sky are holy; during the ancient time, surviving is…. From all this observation spawned mathematics because people desired to quantify what they saw in the sky.
They have created collectors up to 16 metres in diameter, which is only possible with the use of a graphite composite material developed for an orbiting telescope array. The fruits of scientific and technological development in astronomy, especially in areas such as optics and electronics, have become essential to our day-to-day life, with applications such as personal computers, communication satellites, mobile phones, Global Positioning Systemssolar panels and Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI scanners.
Perhaps the most commonly used astronomy-derived invention is the wireless local area network WLAN. When Copernicus claimed that Earth was not the centre of the Universe, it triggered a revolution.
While at night there is a natural satellite that is changeable and allows the earth to cool Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were created inside the cores of stars. Astronomy led to the creation of statistics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, engineering, geometry, and arithmetic.
based on 118 review


Under the auspices of Prof. Dr. Mahmoud El-Metini, President of Ain Shams University, and Prof. Dr. Abdel Fattah Saoud, Vice President for Education and Student Affairs, and Prof. Dr. Omar Al-Husseini, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Prof. Dr. Mostafa Refaat, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Engineering for Education and Student Affairs, the Egyptian Space Agency witnessed the closing ceremony of the summer training activities for students of the Egyptian Universities Moon Project on Wednesday, 3/11/2021, in the presence of the CEO of the Egyptian Space Agency.
325 male and female students in various Egyptian universities participated in the training, divided into 49 groups, specifically from 30 Egyptian universities. It is worth mentioning that centers for space technology are currently being established in Egyptian universities, led by Ain Shams University, which signed with the agency the first protocol for cooperation with the academic sector.
Many outputs were achieved during the training period, through which the students succeeded in addressing many aspects in the fields of space science and technology, operating stations, software and studies in the space field. The CEO of the Egyptian Space Agency, Dr. Muhammad Al-Qousi to the success in coordination and cooperation with universities, which resulted in the manufacture of the first satellite for Egyptian universities, entirely in Egyptian hands, which is scheduled to be launched next year, God willing.
It is worth noting that the top ten students were honored, and they won first place (Ain Shams University Engineering) for the Department of Power Mechanics and Mechatronics in the fourth year, and they are:
Muhammad Yahya Abu Bakr
Muhamed Ragab Hamad
Mustafa Mohamed Badawi
Zeyad Mamdouh Abbas
Sondos Fathi Abdullah
On the sidelines of the exhibition, outstanding student projects were presented, which were praised by everyone for their uniqueness and uniqueness.
It is noteworthy that the Egyptian Space Agency aims to create and transfer space technology sciences, to localize and develop them, and to possess self-capacity for building and launching satellites from Egyptian territory.


Students will know that the chemical elements from hydrogen to iron can be formed in stars through stellar fusion.
Supernovae and nucleosynthesis
Hydrogen and helium and some lithium, boron, and beryllium were created when the universe was created. This section does not cite any sources. It would also be necessary for the deuterium to be swept away before it reoccurs. By mass, about a quarter of the nuclei in the universe should be helium Taking into account a wealth of nuclear reactions similar to the ones pictured above, one can then apply general statistical formula which govern the relative abundances of the different matter constituents. An overview of the results is shown in the following diagram more detailed plots can be found in the spotlight text Elements of the past : [Adapted from an image by E. This can then form oxygen, neon, and heavier elements via the alpha process.
Synthesis of these elements occurred either by nuclear fusion including both rapid and slow multiple neutron capture or to a lesser degree by nuclear fission followed by beta decay. The modeling of the production of helium and the hydrogen-helium ratio also makes predictions about other nuclear species, particularly 7Li, 2H deuterium and 3He.
Elements formed in stars
Vangioni, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris] On the horizontal axis, we have the parameter eta. The denser the initial universe was, the more deuterium would be converted to helium-4 before time ran out, and the less deuterium would remain. More massive stars ignite helium in their cores without a flash and execute a blue loop before reaching the asymptotic giant branch. The presence of another neutrino species, and thus another round of leptons would give a higher helium abundance by about a percent. Theory and observation Big Bang Nucleosynthesis was incapable to produce heavier atomic nuclei such as those necessary to build human bodies or a planet like the earth. During the late stages of stellar evolution , massive stars burn helium to carbon, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, and iron. This phase is called Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
Helium fusion first begins when a star leaves the red giant branch after accumulating sufficient helium in its core to ignite it. The material is presented in the context of stars, as all chemical elements are formed in stars and supernova explosions.
While, in observing far-away objects, we always look back in time, it is impossible to look back directly to the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis since until a much later cosmic time ofyears, the early universe was completely opaque.
Heavier elements can be assembled within stars by a neutron capture process known as the s-process or in explosive environments, such as supernovae and neutron star mergersby a number of other processes.
Hence observations about deuterium abundance suggest that the universe is not infinitely old, which is in accordance with the Big Bang theory.
based on 16 review


Doktorandseminarium: Constraint equations in General Relativity
- Plats: Ångströmlaboratoriet 64119
- Föreläsare: David Lundberg
- Kontaktperson: Volodymyr Mazorchuk
The year 1915 Albert Einstein presented General Relativity (GR). The predicted black holes have been indirectly observed, the predicted gravitational waves have been recently directly observed, and the theory has been very useful in understanding Cosmology (citation needed). The Theory stands uncontested as the best description of Gravitation a full century later.
But the theory is also very interesting from the mathematical point of view.
The governing equations in GR are called the Einstein Field Equations (EFE) and are notoriously difficult to solve. Although some analytical solutions were discovered early on, it remained an open problem how to solve the EFE in full generality. In 1952 it was shown that one could tackle them as a Cauchy problem where the initial data is "a space of constant time" that is evolved in time to a full space-time solution. The initial data can not be completely arbitrary, but has to satisfy a certain "constraint"-condition, and the question then is in general to find such initial data.
In the talk I will discuss the above in some more detail and then discuss how one can solve this "constraint", which is to say to solve the so-called "constraint equations" under various circumstances.


Ione Parkin is a painter and printmaker based in Bath, UK. She has exhibited nationally and internationally for over twenty years and her work is in numerous private and corporate collections. She is an elected member of the Royal West of England Academy (RWA).
“My work celebrates the beauty of the raw elements of nature – contemplations on primal energy, chemical fusion, the birth and death of star systems. I seek inspiration from varied sources - from visions of the expanding universe to satellite macro-imagery of Earth’s surface. I aim to make abstract paintings which enable a synthesis to evolve from this diversity.
In the process of making these paintings I seek a fluid and restless sense of balance – between form and space, movement and stillness, substance and illusion. These paintings appear freeze-framed at a specific point in their evolution – poised between the contrasting states of resolution and quest. They are a fragment of a wider reality and I have a sense that each image could continue far beyond the confines of the canvas itself.
I aim to make paintings which inspire a sense of connection with the natural world and which engage the viewer actively in the non-verbal experience – the transformational experience - of the sustained gaze.”
Current Project: Creativity & Curiosity - a collaboration between Artists and Astronomers
Ione Parkin, Gillian McFarland and Alison Lochhead have developed a body of artwork in connection with astronomers, cosmologists and planetary geologists. They have been exploring the rich imagery of space, engaging in creative dialogue with researchers and gaining new insights into the dynamic forces of the universe. This artist-led project has been supported by funding from the Royal Astronomical Society and the Arts Council England and involves astronomers from the University of Leicester, the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, Imperial College, London, and further afield. The project was launched at the Cambridge Science Festival in March 2017 with an exhibition, talks, panel discussions and workshops. Further exhibitions are scheduled for the Blyth Gallery at Imperial College, Dundee Science Centre and Glasgow Science Centre in 2018. See Astronomy Project page.


Royal Sun Resort’s Life in Space
Hotel in Acantilado de los Gigantes
Life in Space
17 December 2022 - 19 March 2023
This exhibition at the Magma Arts and Conference Centre is aimed at popularising the scientific culture and reaching out to youths by showing the space technology used at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Life in Space: The Exhibition was launched in 2019 by NASA and the U.S. Space & Rocket Center, with the support of the European Space Agency (ESA), the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and other institutions. Since then, this international travelling exhibition has been to 12 countries, drawing more than 4 million visitors.
More than 80 exhibits to delve into the history of human endeavour in space: spacecraft, space stations, pieces and models of satellites, original particles delivered from cosmic space, moon rocks, suits and accessories, and many other items to follow in the footsteps of scientists, technicians and astronauts. The exhibition includes two special attractions: Space Adventure, an interactive area for both the body and the mind, and Space Camp, a simulator where visitors can feel what astronauts feel when coming back from a space mission.
When: From 17 December 2022 to 19 March 2023
Where: Magma Arts and Conference Centre, Costa Adeje
Hours: Check here
General tickets (visitors over 13): €15
Children’s tickets (ages 5 to 12): €11
Family pass (2 adults + 1 child): €37
Family pass (2 adults + 2 children): €47
More information: https://lifeinspace.es/


In the frame of the Future Launchers Preparatory Program (FLPP), embotech carried out a study in 2017 about “On-board Real-Time Trajectory Guidance” (OBRTTG), with a follow-up project planned in 2018. The goal was to assess the feasibility of our approach on two benchmark scenarios:
1. Minimum fuel, minimum time trajectories for rockets, subject to vehicle and path constraints:
- limited available fuel
- max and min thrust
- max thrust vector angle
- glideslope constraint
The following trajectory has been computed in a few milliseconds on flight-representative hardware (ARM 7). The maneuver is similar to the rendering above, a vertical take-off, vertical landing maneuver:
After reaching a trigger altitude the software generates an optimal trajectory on-the-fly to reach the target position allowing for significant fuel savings while satisfying all the constraints encoded in the optimization problem.
2. Minimum fuel, minimum time trajectories for satellites, subject to vehicle and path constraints:
- min and max angular velocity, acceleration and torque
- conic regions to avoid (forbidden zones) and to be inside (mandatory zones)
In this example, we want to reorient a satellite on orbit while keeping a sensitive instrument outside of a conic region that could expose it to damaging radiations. At the same time, we want to keep its antenna pointing at Earth for uninterrupted communications. While the objectives can be satisfied, the flexibility of our approach allows to quickly generate new trajectories for different mandatory/forbidden zones configuration and instrument/antenna placement on the satellite’s body frame.


Stars Printed Crinkled Silk Chiffon - Black / Off-White
Approximately 40.0 yards (36.6 meters) in stock
This is a black crinkled silk chiffon with little stars in a constellation-like pattern printed on it. This chiffon is ideal for a long evening dress, cocktail dress, sheer overlay, or scarf. This fabric has a perfectly matching sister star printed crinkled silk chiffon with the stars slightly larger - SKU #: 7098.
Content: 100% Silk
Color: Black / Off-White
Width: 44 inches
This fabric is from an exclusive limited-quantity production. Once sold out, we are unable to get more.


In-situ erosion test, material samples exposed to different plume regions for an extended time period
EP devices are becoming common spacecraft components, and none more so than Hall thrusters. Hall thrusters produce azimuthally symmetric plumes with typical divergence angles of between 20 to 30 degrees. Most EP powered satellites are designed such that all surfaces are outside of this region. However, Hall thrusters produce significant current densities outside of the primary plume. The high energy ions from the exhaust plume bombard surfaces of the spacecraft causing erosion. This has a potential to cause problems for the future of EP, as even surfaces exposed to low ion flux can be damaged over the long periods of time expected on an EP powered mission. There is then a pressing and growing need in the EP community to predict the extent of the erosion and potentially mitigate its impact.


Learning By Inspiring Success
Welcome to the team, taught by Mrs Wigston and Mrs Pettifer
Welcome to a new school year in Year 1!
We have had such a lovely time since September getting to each other and learning together. We have begun to investigate our new topic "Reach for the Stars" and our learning has so far taken us all around our solar system, onto the moon and into the International Space Station. Please have a look HERE to see our overview which will give you some idea of the range of things we will be discovering and learning about. Please also click HERE to see our Autumn Newsletter for a few important messages including PE days for each class.
We have been finding out about two famous astronauts - Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, and Tim Peake, a british army colonel who worked aboard the ISS for six months. Did you know that Neil Armstrong was part of the team that investigated the Challenger shuttle disaster? We have used lots of different art media to portray the planets and to make ourselves into astronauts around the moon!
In Literacy we have been working hard on handwriting and phonics which has been good fun whilst in maths we have been examining greater than and less than, how to use part whole models to add and finding out about different ways to make numbers such as 10. And that's just the start! The children have worked so hard and really seem to have enjoyed their lessons.
Green Class have also had their first 5 Forest School session (Yellow it'll be your turn after half term!) and have loved playing, making and learning in the outdoors. We got very lucky with the weather and it has been sunny for every session so far!
Have a look below at some photos of a few of the things we have been up to!


Solar Eclipse or Surya Grahan 2020: The Annual Solar Eclipse 2020 will take place tomorrow on 21st June 2020 and few astrologers and report depicts it will be the end of the world. Many says, it will bring end of the world and there would be lots of suffering post eclipse.
Will the world end on June 21 Eclipse?
No, there is no such facts or valid report that world will end on this Surya Grahan 2020. Even the NASA report stated that there no such evident of asteroid colliding to earth any times in next few years, hence the rumours of World end on 21st June 2020 is totally fake.
What is Solar Eclipse ?
A Solar Eclipse is an event wherein Moon Passes between the Planet Earth and SUN. During the Eclipse – Surya Grahan the Image of the SURYA is Partially or Totally uncleared and dubious.
In Surya Grahan the diameter of the Moon is much smaller then of SUN. This event mostly block the sun image looking more like a RING.
Types of Solar Eclipse
Solar Eclipse is divided into 3 part or rather i will says , 3 categories
- Total : This Eclipse occurs when Moon passes between Earth and SUN
- Partial : This Event happen when Moon covers the part of the SUN and left the SUN partially visible hence known as Partial Eclipse.
- Annual: This Event happen when Moon try to cober the whole SUN but due to the size of the Moon which is relatively smaller than SUN , the outer ring of the SUN is visible and it is known to us as Annual Solar Eclipse.
Solar Eclipse 2020: Where will this Surya Grahan Visible ?
The Eclipse of 21st June 2020 will be Annual Solar Eclipse and will be visible at magnitude of 0.99 hence it would be not complete or Poorna Surya Grahan as the shadow of Chandrama ( Moon ) will cover only 99 percent but still then also this eclipse would of great important as moon will cover the centre of the sun to form a complete ring covering the sun.
The longest duration of covering the ring would not more than 0.38 Secs.
Location of Surya Grahan: This Solar Eclipse live will be visible from many nations like INDIA, Bhutan, Nepal , Pakistan, United Arabic Emirates, and Central African Republic also cover under this grahan.
Is the solar eclipse visible in India?
Yes, it is visible in india and it is partially visible in few indian cities which i have listed below.
Indian Cities where Surya Grahan visible on Partial Mode
It is visible in Chandigardh, New Delhi, Kolkata,Hyderbad, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Lucknow, Chennai and Shimla.
Indian Cities where Annual Eclispe will be Visible
Dehradun, Sirsa and Tehri in Northern India are places where Poorna Surya Grahan is visible.
Solar Eclipse Live : Partial Solar Eclipse in INDIA
Eclipse Start Time – 10:20 AM
Maximum Eclipse Time – 12:02 PM
Eclipse End Time – 01:49 PM
Partial Eclipse Duration – 03 Hours 28 Mins 36 Secs
Solar Eclipse Timing in INDIA
Date and Time of Solar Eclipse 2020
|City||Start||End||Duration of Eclipse|
|Mumbai||10:01 am||13:49 pm||03 Hours, 27 Mins|
|New Delhi||10:20 am||13:49 pm||03 Hours, 28 Mins|
|Hyderabad||10:15 am||13:44 pm||03 Hours, 29 Mins|
|Bengaluru||10:13 am||13:32 pm||03 Hours, 18 Mins|
|Chennai||10:22 am||13:42 pm||03 Hours, 19 Mins|
|Kolkata||10:46 am||14:17 pm||03 Hours, 30 Mins|
|Ahmedabad||10:04 am||13:32 pm||03 Hours, 28 Mins|
|Surat||10:03 am||13:31 pm||03 Hours, 28 Mins|
|Jaipur||10:15 am||13:44 pm||03 Hours, 29 Mins|
|Pune||10:03 am||13:31 pm||03 Hours, 27 Mins|
|Thane||10:01 am||13:29 pm||03 Hours, 27 Mins|
|Bhopal||10:15 am||13:47 pm||03 Hours, 32 Mins|
|Patna||10:37 am||14:10 pm||03 Hours, 32 Mins|
|Lucknow||10:27 am||13:59 pm||03 Hours, 32 Mins|
|Kanpur||10:25 am||13:57 pm||03 Hours, 32 Mins|
|Nagpur||10:18 am||13:51 pm||03 Hours, 33 Mins|
|Indore||10:11 am||13:42 pm||03 Hours, 31 Mins|
|Patna||10:37 am||14:10 pm||03 Hours, 32 Mins|
|Ludhiana||10:21 am||13:45 pm||03 Hours, 24 Mins|
|Agra||10:20 am||13:51 pm||03 Hours, 30 Mins|
|Dehradun||10:24 am||13:51 pm||03 Hours, 26 Mins|
|Shimla||10:23 am||13:48 pm||03 Hours, 24 Mins|
|Tehri||10:25 am||13:52 pm||03 Hours, 26 Mins|
Any other Solar Eclipse in 2020?
Yes, there is another Solar Eclipse in 2020 in end of the year December 14.
What to do in Solar Eclipse? Or Can we eat during solar eclipse?
It is always advisable not consume any food or liquid during eclipse time. Also ancient astrology and scholars and occult practitioner advise not to indulge in worldly activities rather go to meditation or Mantra Jaapa or chanting of your Ishta Dev or Ishta devi ( Demi God)
Can a pregnant lady sleep during solar eclipse?
As far as Surya Grahan is considered, we occult Science practitioner advise not to sleep or consume food during eclipse as it may harm to baby in the womb.
Also, it is suggested to those pregnant lady to cover their window/door with curtain so that no rays of sun in solar eclipse comes to your house during this grahan kaal.
Can we take bath during eclipse?
One is advisable to avoid all the act in eclipse except meditation and mantra chanting. Few, Scholar says that taking bath during is equivalent to Ganges Bathe.
What will the effect of this Solar Eclipse 2020 worldwide?
The Eclipse no matter it is Partial or Annual eclipse it bring big transformation not only on one nations but as a whole world, hence this eclipse will bring a big transformation , specially Covid-19 effect as a pandemic will start its dulled effect after 20th Sept 2020.
As the eclipse it always show its effect for 180 days i.e pre and post the event , therefore we can see the effect even on Asian countries the effect of Covid-19 comes into effect from 1st week of March 2020 , now considering the this Solar Eclipse 2020 of 21st June – as a midpoint , the hazardous effect will slow down after 20th Sept 2020 and things will start working in INDIAN soil in last weekend of Sept 2020.
Let me know,how did you find this blog on “Solar Eclipse 2020 on June 21: सूर्य ग्रहण – २१ जून २०२०”


The Space Helix was amongst the second tranche of Helix communities launched by Crowdhelix in mid-2014, and is currently managed by the Crowdhelix Community Management team. We are, however, seeking expressions of interest from high-profile researchers in the field to take a leadership role for this Helix from 2021 onwards.
Closely related to the activities of the Climate and Digital Helixes, the Space Helix provides an Open Innovation community for experts seeking international collaborators to carry out space-related research and innovation in the following areas:
- In-space propulsion
- In-orbit validation & demonstration
- Satellite communication
- Space robotics
- Near Earth Objects
- Space weather & heliophysics
Horizon Europe Cluster 4 (“Digital, Industry & Space”) sets out a number of interrelated objectives for space research & innovation in the EU, and estimates that the value generated from related activities is between €46 to €54, billion per annum. In addition, the capacity to access and use space is considered a strategic asset globally, and one that opens up many business opportunities for early-stage and high-tech companies, especially in combination with digital technologies and diverse sources of data.
EU-funded space research is also expected to contribute to critical technologies, space science and missions, and to outreach and education activities. Synergies with non-space sectors should also be promoted, as well as ensuring downstream exploitation. Crowdhelix intends to align its own activities in support of this endeavour by helping to provide the widest possible access to collaborators across the many sectors and industries involved in the space innovation ecosystem.


By Dr. Jessie Mercay
posted by Ganesh
The scientific knowledge of Mamuni Mayan extended from the innermost, smallest particle of the unmanifest to the outermost largest conglomeration of particles in the manifest world. Within that entire range, Mayan was able to note the size of what scientists today call the atom. He accurately predicted and measured the size of the earth’s mantle. In addition he noted the movement of the planets and constellations including the qualities and characteristics of what are called nakshatras (27 celestial bodies that have frequency and numerical equivalence). He was an expert at understanding vibration and frequency.
Mayan discovered that the earth is a spinning structure that mirrors the spinning of the micro cube and 9×9 grid. Just as the nature of the 9×9 grid is to be composed of an energy grid, the earth also has as its nature an energy grid.
Because the grid lines of the earth energetically mirror the grid lines of the 9×9 and subsequently the 8×8, they resonate with the frequency of the cosmos. Mayan discovered that if built space is placed directionally on the earth’s grid, then the space will also vibrantly resonate with the frequency of the cosmos. The following are the principles of Vaastu Science that apply to the grid.
The Earth Grid
- The earth has a flow of energy that is called “the grid.”
- This flow of energy is related to the earth’s rotation at the equator.
- It flows North and South in alignment with true north rather than magnetic north.
- When a house or structure is aligned precisely with “The Grid” the effects of Vastu are realized.
- Another value of using the grid is that solar energy flows east to west as the sun moves across the sky.
- When a home is properly aligned with the north/ south grid it is automatically aligned with the east west grid.
- Grid lines in a built space are carriers of energy values and qualities.
Mayan also applied his understanding of the effect of mathematical values creating varying frequencies and qualities in any given built space. He formulated specific calculations – Ayadi calculations – that are applied to the perimeter of a built space called a mother wall.
Fabric of The Universe: The Origins, Implications, and Applications of Vastu Science By Jessie J. Mercay. Text and diagrams, with permission, from Dr. Jessie Mercay, Fabric of the Universe, aumscience.com/wordpress. For any questions please visit http://www.aumscience.com.


Filled with detail from mythology and symbolism from the 16th century, this tapestry shows the sun and planets and their relationship with the Earth. Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance astronomer, mathematician and artist who originated the revolutionary idea that the Earth was not the center of the universe and that the sun did not revolve around the Earth. Through his persistent observations of the movements of the stars and planets, Copernicus, despite the disbelief of his contemporaries, postulated his theory of "heliocentrism". The Copernicus system, described in his book "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres", details his conclusions about the nature of the Earth's orbit. Here in this tapestry we see the sun, with it's symbolic beaming face representing the giving of life, rightly in the center of the model, with the Earth's four seasons caused by its orbit, surrounded beyond by the astrological signs and decorated with mythical beings in the heavens including angels and cherubs. The detailed border completes this tapestry. This tapestry is backed with a lining and has a tunnel for easy hanging.
Tapestry rod and tassels (pictured) not included.


Are you searching for the best indoor garden ideas? Just because you don’t have enough outdoor space for a garden, doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy… Read More »Awesome Indoor Garden Ideas For Your Home
By the age of 10, Katherine Johnson was in high school. In 1961, she calculated the trajectory of NASA’s first trip into space. She was… Read More »NASA asked her to check their computers
Components of our universe. 25% Dark Matter. 69% Dark Energy. 5% Normal Matter. 0.01% Radiation. 0.1% Neutrinos. 0.001% Black Holes.


On Saturday, Dec. 21, nations in the Northern Hemisphere will mark the winter solstice – the shortest day and longest night of the year. For thousands of years people have marked this event with rituals and celebrations to signal the rebirth of the sun and its victory over darkness.
In James Howard Kunstler’s view, public spaces should be inspired centers of civic life and the physical manifestation of the common good. Instead, he argues, what we have in America … Continue reading →
Spewing carbon dioxide, generating masses of waste, and consuming alarming quantities of energy and water, our cities place a heavy burden on both the global environment and the local ecosystem. … Continue reading →


View this video to understand the process of recording an audio book and see the wonderful author, cosmologist and astrophysicist Martin Rees in action for Princeton University Press.
Martin Rees is Astronomer Royal, and has been Master of Trinity College and Director of the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge University. As a member of the UK’s House of Lords and former President of the Royal Society, he is much involved in international science and issues of technological risk. His books include Our Cosmic Habitat (Princeton), Just Six Numbers, and Our Final Hour (published in the UK as Our Final Century). He lives in Cambridge, UK.


Travelling the world in 12 minutesThe great Gottorf Globe in Schleswig
The Gottorf Globe in the Friedrichsburg
In the 17th century, during the reign of Duke Frederick III, Gottorf Castle experienced a scientific and cultural golden age. The Gottorf Globe , designed from 1650 onwards by Adam Olearius and constructed by Andreas Bosch upon the Duke’s command, is eloquent testimony to that time.
This marvel of the engineer’s and cartographer’s art depicted the surface of the Earth on its exterior surface, and contained the world’s first planetarium inside. It was displayed in the Neuwerk Garden’s Friedrichsburg, where it remained until the defeat of the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp in the Great Northern War between Scandinavia and Russia in 1713.
Today, you can find a three metre high replica of the Gottorf Globe inside the Globushaus in Schleswig's baroque garden which has been painstakingly modelled in its structure, painting, and function on that of Duke Frederick III. In it, visitors can embark on their own astronomical voyages of discovery – a trip around the world in 12 minutes.
A circular wooden bench inside the globe holds enough space for 12 people. You travel through a sky of fixed stars and the signs of zodiac.
Stellar constellations with Latin names, as their origin lies in antiquity, have already mesmerised people back then with its stories.


Classes » ASTR 210, Summer 2016
Exploring the Universe: The Solar System
A survey of discoveries about the planets and other objects in the solar sytem, without the use of advanced mathematics. The solar system, the existence of planets around other stars, and the search for life.
Pre-requisites: Math 12 and Physics 11 (or equivalent courses) are recommended
- Tuesdays, 13:30 to 16:30, Rm 101
- Thursdays, 13:30 to 18:30, Rm 101
This tuition applies to domestic full-time students. Tuitions for international, senior, and auditing students may vary.


Space travel and tourism are achievable dreams for the near future, and PayPal aims to reach the final frontier before its rivals do.
The eBay unit's PayPal Galactic initiative brings together minds from the SETI Institute and the Space Tourism Society as well as legendary astronaut Buzz Aldrin, to figure out what the commerce ecosystem in space will be.
PayPal can really start thinking from a blank sheet of paper, says David Marcus, president of PayPal, in a June 27 press briefing.
As part of this initiative, PayPal launched the Curiosity Movement, a crowdfunding system to support research at the SETI Institute.
Many questions arise when looking into space payments and commerce, says Marcus. What currency would be used? What about risk, compliance and security? How will the banking system adapt? What government will have authority or sovereignty in space? How will customer support need to adapt?
The first space tourism flights will take place in December. Although a flight costs thousands of dollars today, Marcus says, Futurists expect space travel to follow what happened with air travel.
Only a couple of decades ago, flights from Los Angeles to New York were more than $4,000. The same flight today costs approximately $300.
A space hotel is set to open in the next three years, Marcus says. Plus space sports could become a popular pastime as well, especially after National Geographic reported that Mars, with its sandy terrain and dry ice formations, could be a destination for extreme snowboarders.
While some may think PayPal has its head in the clouds, the company is laying its claim to be the leading provider in space.
That said, the initiative wont take away from PayPals earthbound customers. Were very, very focused day in and day out on building products for this planet and our customers here this is not a distraction, Marcus says.
The SETI Institute has found many other planets in our solar system and is still looking for extraterrestrial life, which means the opportunities for space commerce are endless, says Dr. Frank Drake, chairman emeritus of the SETI Institute, at the press briefing.


2007 Rex Procession
“The Lunar Realm”
"The Lunar Realm," the title of the 2007 Rex Procession, featured more than twenty floats depicting myths, legends, poems, stories, and songs inspired by the moon. From beloved nursery rhyme subjects to images of moon gods and goddesses associated with ancient cultures, the 2007 Rex Parade brought to life the many inhabitants of "The Lunar Realm." The float honoring New Orleans, the "Crescent City," was the lead theme float, paying tribute to all of those who have helped our city as it continues to rebuild after Katrina.


Gartnavel Hospital, Glasgow
Designed by Jephson Robb, the Sun-Moon sculpture is made up of a 2.5 Metre Convex diameter circle comprising of two different sides to represent the contrast between the Sun and the Moon.
The blasted stainless steel side features the welded and highly polished dished sections which have been created to reflect the shapes and the craters on the Moon. The opposite side is made of a highly reflective, polished mirror to represent the brightness of the Sun.
The skill level required to fabricate this unique sculpture with two contrasts is reflected in the welding of the dished ends, as they were highly engineered to achieve the final result.
Located outside the Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow the Sun-Moon sculpture draws its inspiration from the hospital motto ‘Let there be Light Again’ and reflects the experiences and journeys, past and present of those using its mental health services.


|Sponsored by||Okanagan Science Centre|
|Date||Saturday, February 15, 2020 at 1:00pm - 2:00pm|
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~Secret Knowledge~(Page One)
THE SOLAR AKASHA
"ORDER OF THE AGES"
The information contained in the "Solar Akasha" is verifiable by anyone willing to master the language of light. (The Akasha is a cinematic like record written in time. The "Akashic records" is usually a reference to the Planetary Akasha, and not the Solar Akasha.) I am convinced that Stellar bodies may communicate in the language of light. This form of communication might seem a bit primitive compared to our modern day systems, but its impact upon our understanding of creation and our place in it, is astounding. Our Star has a particular “code” it sends out in the form of light with which it quite possibly “communicates” with other Stars. Once this code is understood, all the information about the Star and its Solar system can also be easily understood. For example, that our Star has nine planets in its immediate solar system, and that sentient forms of life are found on the third Planet, is one such piece of information.
Think what we could learn from the light sent from other Stars throughout our Galaxy if we could similarly decode their messages.
Early in my studies of the Solar Akasha I was dismayed to find a huge discrepancy between what I was finding, and what was currently believed about the "Order of the Ages" as they occur in the Earths’ 26,000 year cycle. At first I believed that somehow I was misinterpreting what I was learning from the Solar Akasha. After checking and rechecking my results, it gradually began to dawn on me that a gross misunderstanding of the order of the Ages may have slipped into the system. If this were true, it was most likely done by the Greeks under Ptolemy (AD c.100). Of the 88 currently recognized constellations, 48 have come from the listing of this ancient astronomer. The remainder were added by subsequent astronomers to fill in the areas omitted by the Greeks. I began to realize that the order of the Ages might have to be corrected to reflect the linear (stair-step) order we find in the spectrum of white light. I set to work to revise the "order of the Ages", more as an exercise to see where it led, rather than as a major correction. It was frightening, (and a bit embarrassing), to believe that I alone had stumbled upon such a glaring mistake. I almost wished that I was wrong so as not to be burdened with such a monster.
As my studies expanded I became more and more excited. What had been a confusing jumble was all suddenly falling into place. Each piece of the puzzle fit exactly into its proper notch. Although it may not be clear to you why these changes were necessary or important, they are of vital importance to understanding the synchronisity of our nature in relation to (at least) our solar system, and perhaps to the Universe itself.
Below is a chart showing the revised, "Order of the Ages", compared to the existing order. (This chart is the key to understanding the necessary changes that were made. Please note this page for future reference.) What the chart shows is the order of the 12 "Ages" as is currently believed. Next to each Age is the actual Age I believe it to be. For example, at the top of the chart we see "Taurus" under the "Current" list. Across from Taurus we see "Aries" under the "Revised" list. Look down the Current list until you see "Aquarius". This is the name of the Age we are supposed to be just entering. Across from Aquarius we see "Capricorn". This means that if the information contained here is correct, then we have just entered the Age of Capricorn rather than the Age of Aquarius.
When I substituted the revised version of the Zodiacal names of the Ages, using the Age of Virgo to replace the Age of Pisces, I found that the Age occurring just before the Age of Virgo, (in the revised order), was the Age of Taurus (circa 2000 BC). I researched as much of the history as I could find of these remote ages, looking for any hint to back up my theory. The clues were admittedly sparse, but I have listed some of what seem like possible connections.
According to my findings, substituting the revised order in place of the old order, The age of Taurus, (formerly Aries), marked, what I perceived to be, the beginning of the "Dark Ages". The Age before that was the Age of Aries, (circa 4000 BC), (formerly the age of Taurus). Aries was, in Egypt, apparently an Age of Sun worship. In our present day understanding of the Signs of the Zodiac, Aries is a dynamic and fiery "Sun" sign, whereas Taurus is known as a more plodding and staid "Earth" sign. It follows that Aries would more likely represent an Age of Sun worship, whereas Taurus represents the most "earth bound" of the Earth signs, and consequently, a much denser Age than that of Aries. In Egypt the Sun was represented by a circle with a dot in the middle. This stood for Ra, the Sun-God, which was worshiped as the principal God of that time. I believe this to be a valid clue, strongly indicating that Aries would be the more likely candidate over Taurus.
Conversely, by substituting the 'Age of Taurus' for the 'Age of Aries', we find a similar correspondence. The original Age of Aries, in Egypt, was represented by moses, (who was most likely the Avatar of that Age), and the worship, (by the people), of golden calf's, which would, (to my mind at least), more befit Taurus, whose animal representation is, in fact, the Bull.
It is interesting, if not chillingly uncanny, to note how we, as Human Beings, seem to be psychically influenced by the physical characteristics of the Ages, without consciously knowing what those characteristics should be.
I eventually had to take time to review what I had found, and was staggered by the shear amount of correlated information that was being revealed to me. As a long time metaphysician, I was able to put together what I was seeing with what I had learned over the years of previous study. What I saw confirmed what many had surmised but could not prove. I was beginning to see identical duplicate patterns in the Solar system, and in the "Ages" of Earth, as well as in the human psyche. It seemed that everything was somehow intimately interrelated and consequently in resolute conjunction with the same laws of creation that formed our solar system. I eagerly set out to correlate as much of the information as I possibly could.


Norio Nakagawa is scientist II for the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation and an adjunct professor of aerospace engineering at Iowa State University. In this post, he talks about the global effort involved in the recent discovery of gravitational waves and shares his experience with a related project.
The Center for Nondestructive Evaluation is a National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. The Center focuses on the research and development of new theories and techniques for use in quantitative NDE.
Disclaimers Copyright 2015 Center for NDE Iowa State University All rights reserved


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Ethics could impact Musk’s Mars colonization plan
Lately, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has publicized his plans on Mars colonization. As per him, the one-way ticket to Mars would cost as less as $200,000 given the fact that Mars travel becomes a common thing.
There are a number of uncertainties with regard to Mars colonization plan, including whether or not humans would be able to survive the six-month trip through space and if SpaceX would ever be able to build the rocket needed to take humans to the Red Planet.
Even if Musk is able to sort out all these limitations of science, technology, and financing, there remains one thing that can damage Musk’s plans and that is ethics and may be space law. Any colonization demands a source of water.
But as per the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, no such activity is allowed as it can lead to harmful contamination of celestial bodies with life from earth. Microbe is one thing that can be found in every part of Mars.
All the spacecrafts that land on Mars need to be sterilized, but for now it is not known that whether or not bacterial life can form self-sustaining colonies on Mars. Also, all the missions aimed at other planets are bounded by planetary protection protocols.
It is under these protocols it is decided that on which areas a mission can land and where it cannot and also, the exploration limits are decided under these protocols only. Musk wants to send humans on Mars that are considered to be full of microbes meaning that there are high chances that the Red Planet would be contaminated with terrestrial life. Experts think that the medicine rule should be followed to explore Mars and that is no harm should be suffered to anyone.


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Asteroids might not look like much on the outside, but you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. Underneath the surface of some asteroids is a treasure trove of a type of mineral, called platinum, that is rare on Earth but extremely lucrative – 1,000 cubic centimetres of platinum is worth close to $US1 million. And asteroids have a lot more than that.
One of these platinum-loaded asteroids will be flying by Earth on Sunday, July 19. And this particular one, called asteroid 2011 UW-158, is thought to harbour an estimated $US5.4 trillion worth of platinum.
Although asteroid mining is a goal for near-future for space exploration, we don’t have the technology right now to mine one. What’s more, even at it’s closest approach, the asteroid will still be 2.4 million km (1.5 million miles) from Earth – that’s about six times farther than the Moon.
At a size of roughly 457-metres (1,500-feet) wide, spotting this asteroid will be like trying to see an object one hundredth of an inch wide from a mile away. You won’t be able to see it with the naked eye. Luckily, the online observatory, Slooh, will be using their team of telescopes in the Canary Islands to spot the asteroid as it flies by, and they will be broadcasting the views online. Source: A rock worth $5.4 trillion is flying by Earth this weekend


Looks like "Game Of Thrones" author George R.R. Martin is taking his writing into space. Syfy Channel is set to premiere the horror sci-fi series "Nightflyers" this fall, written by the GoT author.
From Dark Horizons:
The story follows eight maverick scientists and a powerful telepath who embark on an expedition to the edge of our solar system aboard the stellar ship The Nightflyer with the hope of making contact with alien life. CLICK HERE for more
This aught to be interesting...but c'mon man, finish up the Game Of Thrones books first, wouldja?
Check out the official trailer below:


Time is a measurement of motion; as such, it is a type of relationship. Time applies only within the universe, when you define a standard — such as the motion of the earth around the sun. If you take that as a unit, you can say: “This person has a certain relationship to that motion; he has existed for three revolutions; he is three years old.” But when you get to the universe as a whole, obviously no standard is applicable. You cannot get outside the universe. The universe is eternal in the literal sense: non-temporal, out of time.


During the entire space race, the soviet union and the united states were wrapped up in the cold war the importance of rocketry grew immensely in the field of warfare although. Here are 25 facts about the space race that will enlighten and intrigue you at the same time during the cold war the united states and the soviet union engaged a competition. With the end of world war ii, both the allies and the soviet union accquired rocket technology from the german v-2 program political and military tensions between the us and soviet union. 8 quotes have been tagged as space-race: john f kennedy: ‘we choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy. In other words, although one scientific group or another might discover some new and important scientific fact, the discovery was more nearly a credit to the individual than to nationalistic. The cold war and the early space race, an article on cold war history by dr matthew godwin history in focus the guide to historical resources • issue 10: the cold war recent.
Eisenhower's sputnik moment to him, and he misjudged the importance of space in the cold war’s prestige race by contrast, kennedy capitalized on the issue in the 1960 election, and. The cold war space race - facts for kids the space race was of critical importance to both the ussr and the usa both nations wanted to prove to the world that which country had the best. Learn about the space race that occurred during the 1960s between the united states and the ussr that resulted on the moon landing in 1969. The space race moved quickly in those days just four months after the americans sent explorer 1 into space, the soviets launched their biggest and most scientifically important satellite.
A list of 6 key events of the space race between the united states and the soviet union for superiority in space exploration and technology. A competition between bitter cold war rivals, the soviet union and the united states, the space race involved the fight for supremacy to put the first craft into space.
Us pee suit in a race to space, america was quick to send its first astronaut just after russia - alan shepard interestingly, the first american in space wore a pee-soaked suit no, it was. Importance of space race this essay importance of space race and other 63,000+ term papers, college essay examples and free essays are available now on reviewessayscom. Fifty-five years ago today, the space race was kicked into gear by a silver basketball flying through the sky sputnik 1, the soviet probe that became the first manmade object to reach. -president during end of space race-made promise to reach the moon by the end of the decade (1970.
American history: the space race september 28, 2011 astronaut edwin buzz aldrin walks by the footpad of the apollo 11 lunar module in july 1969 sputnik was an important propaganda. Free space race papers, essays, and research papers my account search results free essays good essays better essays why the space race so important to the us and the ussr and the. Learn about the beginning of the space race when the soviet union launches sputnik includes links to learn about other important times in space history, with photos, teacher's guide, and.
The multistage rocket went on to become one of the most important inventions of space exploration robert goddard (pictured) began america had entered the space race, but there was much. Free college essay importance of space race the space race was important to us history because of the significance of the battle between democratic society and. Assessments: venn diagram- space race history vs bradbury story writing assessment options- teacher can pick one or students can have an option. The new space race who will take the lead by jeffrey r ambrose the race is on for who can become the most prominent space power learn the why behind the headlines why is staying.
The nuclear arms race between ussr and usa intensified during the cold war where both countries devoted many resources to developing nuclear weapons. On november 8th, 1960, john f kennedy is elected president of the united states jfk was one of the biggest influence on the space race national air and space museum. The importance of the space race essays: over 180,000 the importance of the space race essays, the importance of the space race term papers, the importance of the space race research paper. Race to the moon: major events of the space race between the us and the soviet union, a timeline made with timetoast's free interactive timeline making software. A transcript of a 1962 meeting at the white house reveals that politics, more than science, may have fueled the american space race with the soviets. Launching satellites was obviously a feat of great technical importance and a milestone for all of human civilization bitter antagonism and political posturing fueled the space race. Space: the final frontier an infinite supply of knowledge and resources await us, just outside our.