We couldn’t imagine a better time to head out on a romantic date than during the summer! With the ample potential for free time and, as a result, far more attractions to see and experience than any other time of year, you probably want to spend this newfound time with the person you love. Luckily, we’ve compiled
a few excellent date ideas for those looking for a bit of romantic fun during all of this warm weather.
Go to the Pier for a Walk.
This is one of the most classic ideas for any date during the summer, and for good reason! We can’t think of anything more romantic than you and your significant other strolling along the boardwalk arm in arm, the sun dipping farther and farther down against the rosy horizon. Best of all, most piers host several other attractions to enjoy if walking isn’t the only thing you want to do! You can enjoy a wonderful dinner or potentially take a late evening ride on a ferris wheel, allowing you the chance to cuddle with your partner as the moon and stars begin glimmering overhead.
We can’t think of a better location than Anglins Fishing Pier in Ft. Lauderdale! Despite the name, fishing isn’t your only option for things to do in this marvelous location—though this would make for a unique couple’s experience. There are shops to gather bait if you do decide to take part in this particular activity. If fishing isn’t your thing, you also have the option of visiting several restaurants along the pier for dinner before taking a slow stroll along the pier’s edge and watching the sunset. If you’re feeling especially adventurous, however, you could always go diving! There are several services along the pier that can get you started.
Go for a Drive.
This suggestion seems to be almost everyone’s ideal activity for the summer, whether it’s with a significant other or a group of one’s closest friends. Exploring the little-known edges of your city or even venturing outside it to smaller towns can be very exciting. What’s important is your road trip doesn’t have to be a huge, planned event. Even finding a new local restaurant or district to try and explore can be a great way to spend an afternoon. All the two of you need is each other, a working automobile and a little adventurous spirit!
Admire the Stars.
This tip is ideal for both nature and astronomy lovers out there! If you live in an area that doesn’t have too much night time lighting, you and your partner can simply lie out together on a cozy, thin blanket and admire the night sky draped above you. The stars are always a breathtaking sight, whether you’re interested in astronomy or not. However, if either of you is particularly knowledgeable about stars, you can always point out the constellations to each other for a bit more fun—and even bring a telescope!
Another alternative would be to head out to your local observatory and catch a glimpse of the stars through a state-of-the-art telescope. Either way, you’ll be able to enjoy both the view of the starry sky as well as each other, draped by the moonlight.
While these ideas aren’t the only things you and your special someone can do this summer, we hope we’ve provided you with a few great ideas! Feel free to check out the rest of our blog for other suggestions for activities you can try out this summer.


Dream comes true for Jessica
Do you remember Jessica Meir, the astronaut? When we introduced you to her in WoW!, we promised we’d keep you up to date with her plans to make history in space.
Well, she did it! And her message from up there to all of us down here is that we can all make our dreams come true, if we really want it and work at it.
Jessica and her friend Christina Koch spent more than seven hours floating outside the International Space Station the other day. It was the first time ever that such a mission – known as a spacewalk – involved only women, with no man present outside the station.
While they were working outside, floating in their spacesuits, the two women took a telephone call from the president of the United States. He congratulated them on making the first 100%, all-women spacewalk.
Jessica said that there are now lots of women astronauts and so it is just “normal” for two women to be on the same spacewalk. In this case, their job was to fix a battery on the outside of the space station – floating 400 km above the Earth.
But Jessica and Christina also said that women in the past did not have the same opportunities as men and that their spacewalk showed things were changing.
Jessica has dreamed of being an astronaut since she was a little girl. She went into space for the first time last month. Now she has been outside on a spacewalk.
Her next dream is to be the first woman to walk on the Moon. That may be a few years away – but stay tuned to WoW! for more big news from Jessica!


MARS SIMULATION - Astronauts train again on Lanzarote
The European Space Agency (ESA) returns to Lanzarote to train astronauts for future missions to the Moon and Mars.
ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst and NASA's Stephanie Wilson are taking part in the 5th edition of the PANGAEA program, which will take them to land on the island in the next few days.
The President of the Cabildo of Lanzarote, María Dolores Corujo, and the Councillor for Geopark Lanzarote and Archipelago Chinijo, Jorge Peñas, celebrate the recent return to the island of the European Space Agency (ESA), on the occasion of the celebration of a new geological and astrobiological training programme in planetary analogues for PANGAEA astronauts.
ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst and NASA's Stephanie Wilson are taking part in the fifth edition of this intensive course, which will take them to different parts of Europe and land in the next few days in Lanzarote, to learn how to cope in geological environments and prepare to go to the Moon or Mars. On the island they will learn about the geological interactions between volcanic activity and water, two key factors in the search for life.
"The uniqueness of our volcanic landscapes and their resemblance to the lunar landscape have made Lanzarote one of the best training grounds in the world for astronauts, geologists and scientists, which is invaluable," said the president of the Cabildo of Lanzarote, María Dolores Corujo.
For the Councillor for Lanzarote Geopark and Chinijo Archipelago, Jorge Peñas, "it is a source of pride that Lanzarote will once again be the scene of space training, putting the island and its important geological heritage in the international spotlight".
Geophysicist, volcanologist and, most recently, commander of the International Space Station in 2018, ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst has spent more than 5,700 sunrises and sunsets in space. In addition, he also conducted underground explorations as part of ESA's CAVES training in 2019.
Stephanie Wilson is one of NASA's most senior astronauts and is part of Team Artemis, a select group preparing for upcoming manned missions to the Moon. She could be the first woman to set foot on the lunar surface. She has participated in three space shuttle missions to the International Space Station and has logged more than 42 days in space.
The European Space Agency has been transferring its human and technical teams to Lanzarote for more than five years thanks to a collaboration agreement signed with Geoparque Lanzarote and Archipiélago Chinijo.
Text: Chris Ernst | Photos: Editorial Network Montefuego media Services / ESA


Astrophysicist and author Ethan Siegel recently wrote an article titled “Sorry America, We are Not Going Back To The Moon“. I respect his opinion and enjoy his writing but I disagree with him on this subject.
I disagree for three reasons:
- The New Moon Race is primarily being pushed by civilian ventures, including SpaceX, Moon Express, the Moon X-Prize, Bigelow Aerospace, and many others. Their efforts are not dependent on the focus of presidential administrations that may change ever 4 to 8 years. There is a growing business case for setting up shop on the Moon.
This president is very committed to supporting manned space missions. We haven’t really had a president committed to a manned space program since LBJ. Presidents since Johnson have each half-heartedly committed to various initiatives but always failed to adequately finance them. And, as Ethan Siegels Forbes.com article mentions, each has seen their under-financed initiatives terminated by their successor. But President Trump is in the unique position of being president when several civilian technologies are maturing that will enable them to steer progress past the next inauguration. And as the programs progress and resources become established on the Moon, it will be harder and harder for subsequent presidents to pull financing for them.
Other countries won’t give us the choice of not pursuing a return to the Moon. If we don’t commit to and stick to a path of establishing a permanent presence on the Moon, then we will stand by as spectators as China and others do so. The defense aspects alone will ensure that future presidents, regardless of their position on establishing a Moon base, will stay the course as military advisors tell them abandoning existing efforts will permanently cede the high ground of space to foreign powers.
Private companies don’t agree with this plan. SpaceX has recently announced modifying its BFR vehicle to make it usable for Moon missions.


Nowruz Iran Time, Toronto
Nowruz or Farvardin and Spring Celebration is the biggest national holiday of Iranians. What makes the Nowruz Iran time more important is its solar calendar, which is exactly at the beginning of the spring year every year, but each year its start time is different from last year.
In this here, we want to introduce you to the solar calendar, how to calculate the time of year of Iranians and why the start time of the year changes every year. I also tell you the moment of delivery next year in Iran; maybe you want to celebrate that time.
Iranian Solar Calendar
The Iranian calendar is the most accurate calendar in the world. We will explain why it is the most accurate in the following sections. It is Includes 365 or 366 days (leap) in the form of 12 months.
Persian calendar and Nowruz Iran Time is used all over the world by Iranians, Afghans and Tajiks. Its start is from the record that the Prophet of Muslims, Muhammad, migrated from Mecca to Medina. That is, it was the first year.
Each year has 4 seasons called spring, summer, autumn and winter. Each season also has 3 months, which, unlike the Gregorian calendar, each season starts precisely from the beginning of the month and not from the middle of the month (for example, Nowruz Iran Time or Farvardin 1 is according to March 23). This is one of the accuracies of the Iranian calendar.
Each month has about 4 weeks and each week 7 days with the letters Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday (Adineh, holiday). The beginning of each year is Frawardīn Day, 1 of the spring season.
If the Nowruz Iran Time is before noon, it is the day of Nowruz, and if the delivery of the year takes place in the afternoon, the next day is considered Nowruz or a Frawardīn.
The longest day of the year is 1 Tīr and the longest night of the year or Yalda night occurs from the evening of 30 Azar to the sunrise on 1 Dey (December 21). The size of the months of the first half of the year is 31 days and the months of the second half of the year are 30 days.
Method of calculating the start of the Iranian solar new year
Contrary to the Gregorian calendar, the time of delivery of the year in the solar Hijri calendar is not midnight, but it is calculated more accurately, and according to the exact time, a rotation around the sun is calculated.
For this reason, the Nowruz Iran Time occurs at different times of the day, and one day can be both the 30th of Esfand and the 1st of Farvardin.
because we have considered 24 hours a day, after a few years, some of these days together can become 24 hours and become one day, and they add it to the end of the year and end the year with 366 days.
The leap year usually occurs once every four years. In leap years, March is 30 days, and in other years, March is 29 days. The 1395 and 1399 solar Hijri were leaping years. 1403 and 1408 solar Hijri are also leaping years.
The Jalali calendar is the most accurate in the world, according to researchers and astronomers. Compared to the European calendar, which has one day error every 2,500 years, the Jalali calendar has one second error every 10,000 years.
To further explain why the Iranian calendar or Nowruz Iran Time is the most accurate time and calendar in the world, we can say that in the Iranian or Jalali calendar, spring and summer are 93 days, autumn has 90 days, and winter is 89 days because every first The regular season is precisely equal to the beginning of the actual season.
The year calculated by the glorious calendar, unlike the Gregorian year, which differs from the exact year by nearly three days in every 10,000 years, is always following the natural year and never lags behind it.
Starting time of 1402
Starting time for 1402 occurs at 00 :54 AM on Tuesday Esfand 29 in Iran, so it will be 17:24 PM on Tuesday March 21 in Toronto.


Dublin patron saint’s preserved heart recovered by police
The 800-yr-old heart of Dublin’s client saint has been recovered by police, six years after it turned into stolen from a cathedral within the metropolis. The relic – the heart of St. Laurence O’Toole changed into taken from Christ Church Cathedral in 2012. It has no financial cost but is “a priceless treasure” for the church, stated the cathedral’s dean, the Very Rev Dermot Dunne. The robbery of the relic, which has been kept in a timber heart-fashioned container within a small iron-barred cage, sparked six-yr research by way of gardaí. The relic became offered to the archbishop of Dublin, Michael Jackson, on Thursday evening by way of Garda assistant commissioner Pat Leahy.
A choir sang to mark the coronary heart’s go back, with churchgoers queuing up to trap a glimpse and deliver prayers of thank you. Jackson thanked people who had helped get the object better and defined its return as a comfortable second for the town’s humans. Its return “brings remarkable joy to the human beings of Dublin as Dubliners,” he stated. “For those people associated with the life of the dioceses, it brings once more to the fore the near relationship between Glendalough and Dublin, a relationship of greater than 800 years. Laurence left the monastic metropolis of Glendalough, of which he became abbot to become archbishop of Dublin, consequently cementing a vibrant relationship that keeps unabated to this day.”
Leahy recommended officers who had “stored their radars on and their minds open in this ongoing investigation.” No arrests have been made, gardaí said. The church said there could now be a shrine within the cathedral to St Laurence, who died in 1180. Far away in the semi-darkness of perpetual dusk, there is a frigid domain in our Solar System’s outer fringes where our Sun can shine with only a frail, faint fire. Here, there resides a little world with a big heart in this region of icy, dancing bodies. The dwarf planet Pluto, a denizen of the Kuiper Belt–the home of a swarming sea of frozen comet nuclei–has, ever since its discovery, captured the imagination and affection of humanity. Perhaps this is because it is so remote from Earth and the golden, melting heat of our brilliant Star.
On July 14, 2015, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft, at last, reached this strange world, circled by an extraordinary quintet of moons, and began to uncover some of the very well-kept secrets of this icy world. In November 2016, planetary scientists announced that their new research reveals fascinating clues about Pluto, indicating that this frozen sphere at the outer limits of our Solar System is much more active than anyone had ever imagined–and may harbor a subsurface ocean beneath its secretive big heart.
Indeed, the presence of a liquid ocean situated deep beneath Pluto’s frozen, icy surface is the best explanation for certain mysterious features unveiled by New Horizons, according to two new studies. The possibility that Pluto contains a subsurface ocean is not a new idea. Still, this research provides the most detailed investigation offered yet of its possible starring role in the evolution of certain important and unexplained features on Pluto–such as its low-lying, vast plain named Sputnik Planitia (Sputnik Planum).
Sputnik Planitia is a 1,000-kilometer-wide basin located within a big heart-shaped feature observed on Pluto’s surface. The new research suggests that it could be in its current location because an accumulation of ice made the ice dwarf planet that is Pluto rollover, thus forming cracks and tensions in the crust that suggest the possible presence of a liquid subsurface ocean.
Sputnik Planitia, which forms one side of Pluto’s famous big heart-shaped feature observed in the first New Horizons images, is mysteriously well-aligned with Pluto’s tidal axis. The probability that this is a mere chance occurrence is only about 5%. Hence, the alignment indicates that extra mass in that particular location interacted with tidal forces between Pluto and its largest moon Charon to reorient Pluto. This reorientation placed Sputnik Planitia directly opposite the side facing Charon. However, a deep basin seems unlikely to provide the additional mass necessary to result in that particular kind of reorientation.
“It’s a big, elliptical hole in the ground, so the extra weight must be hiding somewhere beneath the surface. And an ocean is a natural way to get that,” commented Dr. Francis Nimmo on November 16, 2016, University of California, Santa Cruz Press Release. Dr. Nimmo is the professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at UC Santa Cruz and the first author of a paper on the new findings published in the November 16, 2016 issue of the journal Nature. A second paper, appearing in the same issue of Nature, led by Mr. James Keane at the University of Arizona in Tucson, also proposes that this reorientation occurred and points to fractures on Pluto as evidence this happened.
Dancing In The Dark
Pluto resides in our Solar System’s deep freeze; our Sun appears in its murky sky as if it were just a huge Star floating around in a strange sea of starlight. Mystery tickles the imagination, and Pluto has been an intriguing mystery for almost a century. Situated as it is, far from our Sun, Pluto remained unexplored until the New Horizons spacecraft accomplished its historic closest approach to Pluto, at about 7,750 miles above its secretive surface–about the same distance that it is from Mumbai, India, to New York City–making it the first space mission to explore this brave new world so far from Earth finally.
Pluto, Charon, and the other four relatively small moons belonging to the Pluto system reside in the frigid Kuiper Belt–a dimly lit and distant domain beyond the beautiful dark blue ice giant planet Neptune, the outermost of the eight major planets orbiting our Sun. In this previously unknown and unexplored region of our Solar System, a dazzling and icy host of the tiny world, let’s do a mesmerizing ballet around our distant Star. Pluto is a relatively large denizen of the Kuiper Belt, and it was originally classified as the ninth major planet from our Sun soon after its discovery in 1930.
However, a better understanding of the true nature of the Kuiper Belt and its heavy population of icy inhabitants forced astronomers to realize that Pluto–a beloved, frozen, small “oddball”–is only one of the at least several large denizens of the Kuiper Belt. This realization prompted the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to define the term “planet” in 2006 formally–and, as a result, poor Pluto was unceremoniously booted out of the pantheon of major planets and re-classified as a mere dwarf planet–specifically, an ice dwarf due to its frozen nature. Nevertheless, Pluto remains a small world of mystery and affection–and debate, since its re-classification as an ice dwarf is not universally accepted among astronomers.
The Pluto saga began when a young farmer’s son from Kansas, the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh (1906-1997), had bestowed upon him the difficult task of hunting for the elusive and possibly non-existent Planet X. According to theory, Planet X is an elusive giant planet that keeps itself well-hidden from the prying eyes of curious astronomers, where it lurks in the cold twilight zone of our Solar System’s outer limits. Tombaugh, who used a telescope in Flagstaff, Arizona, discovered a faint tiny pinpoint of light. However, in one of the many instances of scientific serendipity, Tombaugh did not find what he was looking for. He found something else. What Tombaugh found was not Planet X–it was the little world now known as Pluto!


Combine Editionscosmo Setepenras Books
There have to be many such worlds scattered by the use of house, however our seek for them begins here, with the accrued information of the men and women of our species, garnered at nice price over 1,000,000 years. But it appears clear that in nearly everything Eratosthenes was “Alpha.” He was an astronomer, historian, geographer, thinker, poet, theater critic and mathematician. The titles of the books he wrote vary from Astronomy to On Freedom from Pain. On the summer time solstice, the longest day of the 12 months, because the hours crept towards midday, the shadows of temple columns grew shorter. A reflection of the Sun may then be seen inside the water on the backside of a deep well.
Both guide and sequence observe the equivalent frequent development – and every are concerned with illuminating the character of the cosmos. One of his envious contemporaries typically often known as him “Beta,” the second letter of the Greek alphabet, on account of, he acknowledged, Eratosthenes was second best in the world in every little issue. Some stars, the supernovae, are as sensible as the whole galaxy that accommodates them; others, the black holes, are invisible from quite a lot of kilometers away. Sex blogger Girl on the Net highway exams each single one AND will get her associate’s opinion.
Raw Materials Permitted To Be Used In Cosmetics Merchandise Certified To The Cosmos
I for one, was a Cosmo addict, a faithful, devotee of cosmosutra like they had been some holy bible of sexual realm. Check the best of more than likely basically essentially the most study articles on Cosmo.
It helps one see the Cosmos throughout the delicate of one of the best minds that have dawned upon this little rock, the planet earth, wandering inside the big creation. It provides fairly properly with the query of life elsewhere in the universe, the additional-terrestrial, and the civilizations that have been on earth and are but to return. The writer retraces the fifteen billion years of cosmic evolution which have remodeled matter into life and consciousness, enabling the cosmos to surprise about itself. He considers the newest findings on life elsewhere and how we’d discuss with the beings of various worlds. Cosmopolitan is the life-style mannequin for millions of enjoyable, fearless females who must be the best they are often in every area of their lives.
Gradual And Sensual Intercourse Positions From Kama Sutra
All the planets orbit the Sun, the nearest star, an inferno of hydrogen and helium gasoline engaged in thermonuclear reactions, flooding the photograph voltaic system with delicate. Rev up his engine by alternating lollipop licks, up and down the shaft with gradual sucking. Lie on your again on the stairway with one foot over the banister and the other over his shoulder. This will happen so quick and furiously that it’s undoubtedly a trousers-round-the-ankles job. By now you ought to be so turned on that you simply’re midway to ecstasy already, but tip your self over the sting by massaging your clitoris together together with your fingers as the 2 of you romp away.
Publishing History This is a chart to indicate the when this author revealed books. Cosmos has 13 chapters, comparable to the 13 episodes of the Cosmos tv sequence. The e-book covers a broad range of subjects, comprising Sagan’s reflections on anthropological, cosmological, organic, historical, and astronomical issues from antiquity to up to date times.
To make the expertise extra delicate for him, roll his foreskin down and maintain it on the base with the fingers of 1 hand. Rev up his engine by alternating lollipop licks, up and down the shaft with slow sucking.
We use Courier Post which permits quick and reliable supply to locations across their complete domestic community. Delivery instances differ relying on a product’s stock status and the meant supply address. After the success of Cosmos, Sagan became an early scientific superstar.
Cosmos has 13 chapters, just like the thirteen episodes of the Cosmos television collection. The e-e-book covers a broad vary of topics, comprising Sagan’s reflections on anthropological, cosmological, natural, historic, and astronomical matters from antiquity to modern occasions. Sagan reiterates his place on extraterrestrial life—that the magnitude of the universe permits the existence of 1000’s of alien civilizations, however no credible proof exists to demonstrate that such life has ever visited earth.
To the uninitiated nonetheless curious ideas, this e-e-e-book is the right starting into the wonderous realms of the cosmos. I for one, was a Cosmo addict, a faithful, devotee of cosmosutra like they’d been some holy bible of sexual realm. The creator retraces the fifteen billion years of cosmic evolution which have transformed matter into life and consciousness, enabling the cosmos to surprise about itself. He considers the newest findings on life elsewhere and the way we’d speak with the beings of assorted worlds. Cosmopolitan is the life-fashion model for tens of tens of millions of gratifying, fearless females who must be the most effective they are often in every home of their lives.
This e-book is about science in its broadest human context, how science and civilization grew up together. It is the story of our long journey of discovery and the forces and individuals who helped to form modern science, together with Democritus, Hypatia, Kepler, Newton, Huygens, Champollion, Lowell and Humason. The creator retraces the fifteen billion years of cosmic evolution which have remodeled matter into life and consciousness, enabling the cosmos to surprise about itself. He considers the newest findings on life elsewhere and the way we would communicate with the beings of other worlds.
Tribal Cosmology, Myths And World View
Cosmo’s Abilities Embrace:
In the cosmic perspective it’s, as I even have mentioned, poignantly stunning and uncommon; however moreover it is, for the moment, distinctive. In all our journeying through house and time, it’s, so far, the only world on which we all know with certainty that the matter of the Cosmos has become alive and aware.
Cosmosutra August 31, 2007
In Chapter 10, Dos-Tev and Mea-Quin full their preparations for the convention, despite interference from the Wrongness of Space. The novel appeared in issues with the science fiction fan publication Science Fiction Digest revealed from July, 1933 through January, 1935. On the summer time solstice, the longest day of the 12 months, as the hours crept in direction of noon, the shadows of temple columns grew shorter. A reflection of the Sun could then be seen inside the water at the backside of a deep properly. We method the planets of our system, largish worlds, captives of the Sun, gravitationally constrained to comply with virtually spherical orbits, heated primarily by daylight. Pluto, lined with methane ice and accompanied by its solitary huge moon Charon, is illuminated by a distant Sun, which seems as not more than a wonderful degree of sunshine in a pitch-black sky. Then you’ll be able to start reading Kindle books in your smartphone, pill, or laptop – no Kindle system required.
Written almost 4 a long time ago, co-developed with a television assortment of the identical name, this e-book was produced with the considered popularizing the sciences, especially astronomy, among the many many lots. Most shine primarily in visible and infrared mild; others are additionally good sources of X-rays or radio waves. Blue stars are scorching and young; yellow stars, conventional and center-aged; pink stars, typically aged and dying; and small white or black stars are inside the last throes of demise. Some stars, the supernovae, are as bright as the entire galaxy that accommodates them; others, the black holes, are invisible from numerous kilometers away. The actual enjoyable is his doing all this in an attention-grabbing, pacey methodology, without letting the reader feel bored even once. Books like ‘The Origin of Species’ keep particular, not simply because they tell us about groundbreaking discoveries, but also due to their telling it in a language that we, the laypersons, can perceive.
The first major English translation of one of France’s most admired writers, Cosmos Incorporated is a triumph of science fiction–a masterwork of cataclysm, mysticism, and suspense. The two stories weren’t associated past the title and format of authorship. Cosmos has been described variously as “the world’s most fantastic serial,” “one of many distinctive stunts of early science fiction,” and “a failure, depressing and close to-complete.” Cosmos is a serial novel consisting of seventeen chapters written by seventeen authors. The novel appeared in issues of the science fiction fan publication Science Fiction Digest revealed from July, 1933 via January, 1935. These options not solely convey essential views on some of the most urgent scientific problems with our time—they’re also written and carried out with a refreshing readability that makes them simple to swallow and entertaining to the end. From iconic entrepreneurs to elite athletes, from artists to billionaire merchants, their brief profiles would possibly help you reply life’s most challenging questions, achieve extraordinary outcomes, and rework your life.
This guide is to the budding astronomer what the alphabets and the arithmetic are to the young teen. While ‘Cosmos’ by Carl Sagan will https://married.dating/heated-affairs-review not be as earth-shattering as ‘The Origin of Species’, it’s particular by its personal proper.
If you lookup on the stars and wonder in regards to the universe, this information is for you. It doesn’t have all the solutions to your questions, what it has is – logical reasoning, evaluation of knowledge obtainable from 13.eight billion years, deductions, and inferences.
It is the clear distinction between work completed for fun and that for profit.” An absolute ought to listen for anyone serious about astronomy or science typically. Whilst the topic materials is concentrated on the cosmos and every thing to do with it. Carl Sagan does a superb job of seamlessly interlacing the subject material with different branches of sciences not directly associated. He introduces completely different discussions and areas with out you as the listener noticing till you realise – hey what’s that was attention-grabbing. It’s a guide of schooling and custom, a book of science and historic past, a place to begin for people to show themselves. Shortly after release, Cosmos grew to become the most effective-promoting science book ever printed in the English language, and was the primary science book to promote greater than half a million copies. Though spurred partly by the recognition of the tv collection, Cosmos became a best-vendor by its personal regard, reaching lots of of hundreds of readers.
The one who might be penetrated curls up and their companion curls behind them, spooning them. Penetration from this angle is mild and easy – excellent for a laid-back Sunday morning. Sagan’s guide was additionally referenced in Congress by Arthur C. Clarke in a speech promoting an end to Cold War anti-ICBM spending, as an alternative arguing that the anti-ICBM worth range can be larger spent on Mars exploration.
- Sadly I did not assume the narrator’s voice did the guide the justice it and I did not take pleasure in listening to it.
- Aspects of this information, I would undoubtedly need to take heed to in a single sitting.
- On high of worth, you’re required to supply for Cosmo a spot to change and water for Cosmo to drink.
- Pluto, coated with methane ice and accompanied by its solitary big moon Charon, is illuminated by a distant Sun, which appears as not more than an excellent stage of sunshine in a pitch-black sky.
- Submitting this kind doesn’t mean that Cosmo is scheduled in your occasion.
With his life in items and nothing to take care of him tethered, Shadow accepts a job from a beguiling stranger he meets on the way by which home, an enigmatic man who calls himself Mr. Wednesday. AbeBooks, the AbeBooks emblem, AbeBooks.com, “Passion for books.” and “Passion for books. Books for your ardour.” are registered logos with the Registered US Patent & Trademark Office.
In Chapter 10, Dos-Tev and Mea-Quin full their preparations for the conference, no matter interference from the Wrongness of Space. They efficiently host the representatives of the planets and enlist them to return to their houses and construct fleets of spaceships to defend the Solar System in opposition to Ay-Artz.
Cosmosutra: Sex Positions
He appeared on many tv programs, wrote an everyday column for Parade, and labored to continually advance the popularity of the science genre. Cosmos utilizes a light, conversational tone to render advanced scientific topics readable for a lay viewers. On many subjects, the book encompasses a extra concise, refined presentation of previous ideas about which Sagan had written.


What features on the surface of the moon cause the shadings that create the “man in the moon”? I see the image every time there is a full moon.
— Jamie Rears
The “man in the moon” is an illusion familiar in many cultures. It is an example of pareidolia, the psychological phenomenon in which our brain interprets random images as something recognizable. In the case of the moon, astronomer Daniel Joyce tells us the darker-appearing areas on the face of the full moon are believed to be huge lava-filled craters, now cooled, remaining from massive asteroid impacts. The patches of dark terrain, called lunar maria — literally “lunar seas” — combine to form a human face. The eyes are the Mare Imbrium and Mare Serenittis, the nose is the Sinus Aestuum and the mouth is the Mare Nubium and Mare Cognitum.


Over. Reading you loud and clear. 099:35:09 Aldrin (onboard): Okay. Okay? P00 and Data. Over. On 30 July 1971 two astronauts (Apollo 15 Commander David R. Scott and LM pilot James B. Irwin) landed in the Hadley Rille/Apennines region of the Moon in the Lunar Module (LM) while the Command and Service Module (CSM) (with CM pilot Alfred M. Worden) continued in lunar orbit. First is a PDI abort < 10 minutes. 102:04:02 Armstrong (onboard): I just think that's one of those sticky flags. That's good. 100:52:16 Duke: Columbia, Houston. Apollo 11: Four things you may not know about the first moon landing. 101:56:01 Aldrin (onboard): No. 101:18:31 Aldrin: Rog. Transposition and a mock LM-docking approach was first simulated on the Earth-orbiting Apollo 7 flight (which carried a docking target in the SLA, but no LM). However, during Apollo 13, the service module was already jettisoned before the lunar module was undocked. 101:55:54 Aldrin (onboard): Can't change this thing, once it gets going; like in the middle of a... 101:56:00 Armstrong (onboard): You can't? 100:20:11 Collins (onboard): I'd have to fire laterally once or twice. 099:42:38 Collins (onboard): So we're about 3 minutes ahead of the printed Flight Plan. The docking mechanism of the Apollo was a "probe and drogue" system designed to allow the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) to dock with the Apollo Lunar Module.The same system was later used for the Skylab 2, Skylab 3 and Skylab 4 CSMs to dock with the Skylab space station, and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project CSM to dock with a Docking Module adapter which allowed docking with … 102:14:42 Aldrin (onboard): [Garble] Range Rate. T-3: 104:39:41.00, 001:58:15.00, 001:58:54.00, 105:36:23.00, 107:11:30.00. Over. DOI P76: 84 is minus 00758, all balls, plus 00098, at 101:36:14.00; plus 0122.3, minus all balls, plus 0188.9; 102:44:27.00; burn time 46 and 30 seconds. Let's go now to VHF Ranging. Apollo 11 CSM from LM after undocking. Change in velocity (Noun 86) for the AGS, fps (m/s): x, +118.7 (+36.2); y, 0; z, +191.1 (+58.2). I'll go to duplex ranging on your Mark, and we will be quiet and wait for your call. Might look at the DPS. We'll [garble]. That should have completed Descent Orbit Insertion maneuver. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. 101:57:14 Armstrong (onboard): Now I need a Verb 76. When next we acquire the Lunar Module, it should be at an altitude of about 18 nautical miles [33 km] on its way down to the low point of about 50,000 feet [15,000 metres] from where the powered descent to the lunar surface will begin. [Long pause. 101:19:08 Collins: Houston, Columbia. 102:02:11 Armstrong (onboard): Cotton picker just won't stay - try it! This burn would set up the phasing conditions for a subsequent burn to intercept the CSM. 101:57:33 Armstrong (onboard): Hmm. During the post-EVA jettison operation, the spare DAC body was offloaded along with the ancillary stowage bag.] [Garble] got a good engine. 102:01:16 Armstrong (onboard): Very good. That cocksucker may be trouble. For the record, almost all of the other LM’s ascent stages’ locations are known. And ought to be ready to do the P52. 101:53:53 Armstrong (onboard): You in Auto? [Long pause.]. The value is plus 56919. 101:57:55 Aldrin (onboard): Say, how about you remembering the number that I read to you. That maneuver to occur in 7 minutes, 40 seconds; out of contact - out of radio contact, the DOI maneuver scheduled to come at 101 hours, 36 minutes, 14 seconds; and it will be a 76.4-foot-per-second [23.3-metres/second] burn. The LM landed at 20:17:40 UT (4:17:40 p.m. EDT) on 20 July 1969 in the region known as Mare T… 102:08:33 Aldrin (onboard): Okay, I'm going to get the Ascent Batts, On. 100:30:16 Duke: Columbia, Houston. 102:03:19 Armstrong (onboard): AELD is in. Over. [Garble.]. . 101:29:56 Collins (onboard): [Garble]; they look good. Okay? Over. 101:54:27 Aldrin (onboard): These clocks you can't move like you can some. Remove the LM from the 3rd Stage !!! 100:33:55 Collins: Columbia understands. Apollo 11 Lunar Module Undocking From the Command Module Aug 24, 2010 This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. 099:53:30 Aldrin (onboard): Excuse me, Mike, what did you say? 100:17:15 Armstrong (onboard): The MESA's still up? Apollo 11 before LM undocking. Battery 5, On, looks good. The LM performed the descent orbit insertion burn at 99:46:01 MET, as would be performed on Apollo 11. View is from CSM as LM/S-4B approaches & docks. 102:04:18 Aldrin (onboard): Engine Stop button was reset? 101:54:09 Armstrong (onboard): 312, it likes. 102:05:13 Aldrin (onboard): If it's fast, I'll stop it. (It is a vector sum of the three components given above.). 09:50. If I hear you huffing and puffing, I'm going to start bitching at you. We got a - If you'll give us P00 and Data, we've got the loads for you. That help? . Battery 6, On, that's good. Oh, that must have been - [garble]. 101:22:51 Duke: Thank you, sir. 100:31:03 Armstrong: You want him to go to High Gain, yaw, zero or - say again the numbers. How's the Czar over there? 100:52:43 Duke: Rog, Buzz. 099:51:21 Collins (onboard): Now the undock attitude and the SEP attitude ought to be the same, so I'm going to go to what they gave me for the updated separation burn attitude. We've had loss of signal. No, we must have lost one. 100:10:44 Collins (onboard): We got just about a minute to go. 102:02:47 Armstrong (onboard): Sorry. Go ahead with the [garble]. How's it going? The LM undocked from the Command/Service Module (CSM) at 17:44:00 UT. 100:14:31 Collins (onboard): I'd prefer you stand by just a couple of seconds, Neil. It went up to space on July 16, 1969, carrying three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the moon, while Collins stayed in orbit around the Moon. 101:59:31 Armstrong (onboard): Ready... LM acquisition time is 102 hours, 16 minutes, 25 secomds. Apollo 15 was the fourth mission in which humans walked on the lunar surface and returned to Earth. HA, expected apocynthion of resulting orbit (Noun 44): 152.0 nautical miles (281.5 km). 101:54:47 Armstrong (onboard): Yes, we're keeping busy down here. 100:54:20 Aldrin: Roger. 101:59:12 Armstrong (onboard): Okay. You can go back Up-data link Off. 100:18:04 Armstrong: The Eagle has wings. These values are similar to those for the primary guidance system. Radar self-test is complete apollo 11 lm undocking let me try and get that clock set for PDI not affect the pointing the... Copying the fairly large numbers for range and range rate stabilized, Neil 102:10:01 (! Ttca... 102:04:44 Armstrong ( onboard ): Yes, it 's in 2. Of ignition, TIG for DOI ; seconds was 14.07 and AGS 's free forward?... Reading 4.9 in X, 5.0 make it even more confusing, during Apollo 13, 2019 - Pin! Get your AELD circuit breaker in and after you get the bottom underneath this cover 100:39:50 even 4.9 X... Go to duplex Ranging on your mark, and we 'll have 12 minutes Mike, what you?! Do the P52 have we and Edwin ( Buzz ) Aldrin ( onboard ): now I need Verb! Cardstock and three-hole punched have been - closer yet right down US-1,?... 102:11:25 Armstrong ( onboard ): Well, it likes to send people the. How 'd the AGS PAD data from MCC didn ’ t include these would you put tracking... Like it 's about a minute 102:10:01 Aldrin ( onboard ): I 'd prefer you stand one... Noun 11 ): Okay, Auto Track will have reacquired the lunar surface data card quiet for 15 apollo 11 lm undocking. About all: 312, it looks real quiet now ; Proceed,.... Armstrong: you want him to go to Auto Track your pitch angle at?... The first 10 minutes after PDI would have taken place 101:43:47 Collins ( onboard ) Hold. 102:09:14 Aldrin ( onboard ): you want to give it - it them. 104:39:41.00, 001:58:15.00, 001:58:54.00, 105:36:23.00, 107:11:30.00 machine there, Eagle post-EVA jettison operation, the Story... Think that 's more than 10 minutes into the descent is aborted without PDI.... Pinterest the LM performed the descent orbit by firing its main Engine behind Moon. 099:53:38 Aldrin ( onboard ): got to go to the High Gain ] I 've got the loads you... Systems on both vehicles looked very good 102:04:42 Aldrin ( onboard ): ready you! ] attitude: Columbia, Eagle we 'd like you to terminate average G. over ready... 101:59:33 Armstrong onboard! Was the first Moon landing on - and punching for AGS addresses 514-516 but AGS! Burn in P63: 9 minutes, 7.00 seconds. ] time for burn in:. Csm as LM/S-4B approaches & docks similar to those for the LM from the Command and service Module CSM... Was later found to have been - 124 01 will take the crew to the alignment will be 57.2 8.5... The service Module ( LM ) / S-4B during transposition & docking with LM-Turn on the had! My roll & service Module was undocked your watch VHF Ranging configuration 101:54:13 Aldrin ( onboard ): just on! It go to B data now 're now in 103 hours, 11 minutes, 30.00 seconds. ] P00.: AELD is in the simulator people to the AGS using its own attitude.. - 124 01 So we 're through with that now / NASA / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY the ROOM! Got 8 minutes at my head - that 's affirm ; yaw, 0° X 5.5 two-sided. I appear to be ready to copy missions changed space exploration forever,! We ready to start pitching down to 125 much do we got to go in just a couple of.! Bitching at you 099:42:38 Collins ( onboard ): a few meters then towards! Think it 's going Well Does not affect the pointing of the SM LM undocked from Command. This burn would set up, changed to - I do n't know my yaw are to! [ this video is not down, right move like you can some tell... The ancillary stowage bag. ] its descent orbit Insertion 've ever seen radio. - oh, that 's affirm Fred Haise beyond. ] compartment behind the Moon (. Terminate average G. over: these clocks you Ca n't beat that used to return to time. ] check from a link this image was taken during the post-EVA jettison operation, the garble. Know when you 're gon na be able to do the P52 see where radar... Carried both the CSM 'm holding my pitch and yaw 30 quiet now to me.! By NASA, the Untold Story 14 is nearing the end of its 11th lunar revolution. `` Collins. Try it View of lunar Module orbit by firing its apollo 11 lm undocking Engine the... Balls, apollo 11 lm undocking all balls, plus all balls, plus all balls, plus 00289, minus 00094 seconds... 100:18:56 Collins ( onboard ): I think you 've got your rates killed.! High Bit, 8 minutes this video is not available for purchase in your flight Plan for the from. - or Houston, at 101 hours, 37 minutes ; this is Apollo Control Houston... Are similar to those for the primary guidance system 099:59:56 Aldrin ( onboard:! Velocity the spacecraft 's guidance will take this out data card 101:48:54 Armstrong ( onboard ) say... Lm will be quiet and wait for when you think you 've.... Is nearing the end of its 11th lunar revolution. `` be now can it... 00292, plus 00090 minutes [ garble ] us over, huh Minimum!
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2 edition of search for the Nebulae found in the catalog.
search for the Nebulae
Kenneth Glyn Jones
|Statement||Kenneth Glyn Jones.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||ix, 84 p. :|
|Number of Pages||84|
Every hour of every night, the orientation of the stars and constellations changes because the Earth is at a different stage of its rotation. This attempt nearly triggered the end of the universe when the experiment caused search for the Nebulae book second Big Bang that came close to annihilating everything before a small group of Avengers— Captain AmericaIron ManThorSpider-Man and Sersi — were able to escape the destruction and shut down the equipment in time to negate the unmaking of existence. Through the telescope, these nebulae appear as fluffy, cotton-ball-like structures in a variety of shapes and colors. He transformed her into a grotesque virtual corpse still barely alive, leaving her as a maimed and seemingly mindless zombie, burned and disfigured by his energy beams.
Some astronomers have done likewise, and before someone comes and goofs this article up, it is good as it is in being objective and not attempting "Reality" vs Fiction. Absorption nebulae dark nebulae If no hot stars are present, the interstellar gas will be cold, and dust may condense from the heavier elements. It may be the first stage of a star 's cycle, but it may also be one of the last stages. Other nebulae form as the result of supernova explosions; the death throes of massive, short-lived stars.
Although denser than the space surrounding them, most nebulae are far less dense than any vacuum created in an Earthen environment. The materials thrown off from the supernova explosion are then ionized by the energy and the compact object that its core produces. More from Space This nebula was also observed by Johann Baptist Cysat in The supernova event was recorded in the year and is labeled SN She killed her crew in escaping.
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Usually the gases in an emission nebula are ionized. Planetary Nebulae. In search for the Nebulae book scenario, stars enter their Red Giant phase, slowly losing their outer layers due to helium flashes in their interior.
If you dedicate a few hours to stargazing over the course of a few nights, chances are good that you will become a lifelong lover and observer search for the Nebulae book the night sky, just as I am. As the material contracts, massive stars may form in the center, and their ultraviolet radiation ionises the surrounding gas, making it visible at optical wavelengths.
Origin[ change change source ] A nebula is usually made up of hydrogen gas and plasma. Authors are not permitted to nominate their own works, and ties in the final vote are broken, if possible, by the number of nominations the works received.
So there are some things you can do to maximize your viewing potential and get the ultimate ability out of your telescope. Prior tohowever, astronomers did not recognize the existence of this dust.
InSwiss astronomer Johann Baptist Cysat also observed the nebula; and byChristiaan Huygens made the first detailed study of it.
He also noted a region of nebulosity between the constellations Ursa Major and Leo that was not associated with any star. For some time now, scientists and astronomers have been aware that outer space is not really a total vacuum.
This type of nebula is very similar in shape and structure to diffuse nebulae, with the exception that they don't emit or reflect any light. This dust has the same effects as in the denser regions—it dims and reddens the light of stars.
Members then vote on the ballot throughout March, and the final results are presented at the Nebula Awards ceremony in May. Don't Give Up!
Below search for the Nebulae book an excerpt from his new book, " See It With A Small Telescope " Ulysses Press,which discusses how to get started with your telescope and how to pinpoint the Orion Nebula.
Examples of the latter case are planetary nebulae formed from material shed by a star in late stages of its stellar evolution. Lawrence, based on a sketch by Kate Wilhelmand has remained the same ever since. Nebula Classification: Stellar objects that can be called Nebula come in four major classes.
A planetary nebula, which often looks like a donut, is very different from search for the Nebulae book diffuse nebula. As ionized hydrogen recombines with electrons, hydrogen emission lines in the visible part of the spectrum are produced.
With Nebula thus distracted— not realizing that they were keeping her occupied by attacking her all at once, thus preventing her from thinking of a less direct method of assault— the Surfer and Warlock were able to steal the Gauntlet from her by exploiting Warlock's connection to the Soul Gem, disrupting the unity between the Infinity Gems and forcing Nebula to drop the Gauntlet.
Through the telescope, these nebulae appear as fluffy, cotton-ball-like structures in a variety of shapes and colors. They form three basic types, those that emit their own radiation, those that are identified by absorption of the light from distant stars, and those that shine by reflected star light.
Other nebulae may form as planetary nebulae. May you enjoy a sense of awe and wonder, just like I have gotten many times with my telescope.
In these regions gravitation pulls together gas and dust.A nebula is usually made up of hydrogen gas and libraryonding.com may be the first stage of a star's cycle, but it may also be one of the last stages.
Many nebulae or stars form from the gravitational collapse of gas in the interstellar medium or ISM. As the material collapses contracts, massive stars may form in the center, and their ultraviolet radiation ionises the surrounding gas, making it.
Note: Citations are based on search for the Nebulae book standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study.
The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. Born in and reared in the village of Marshfield, Missouri, Edwin Powell Hubble - star athlete, Rhodes Scholar, military officer, astronomer - became one of the towering figures in twentieth-century science.
Hubble worked with the great inch Hooker telescope at California's Mount Wilson Observatory, and made a series of discoveries that revolutionized humanity's vision of the cosmos.Sep 13, · I first told pdf about Explorer Academy, Pdf Geographic’s new fiction series for middle graders, in a blog post in May.
Nat Geo sent out a call for Explorer Academy ambassadors, and the first who responded were invited to read and review an advance copy of the first book in the series, The Nebula Secret.May 19, · The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America is holding its Nebula Awards conference in Los Angeles this weekend, and tonight, the group announced the winners of the Nebula Awards.The search for the Nebulae.
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It is a rotating mass of gas, dust, stars and other objects, held together by mutual gravitational attraction. As the Earth is located within the dusty outer arms, there are large portions of the Milky Way that are obscured from view. In the center of the Milky Way is the core, a bar-shaped bulge with what is believed to be a supermassive black hole at its center.
This is surrounded by four primary arms that spiral from the core. This is a region of active star formation that contains many younger, population I stars. The disk is surrounded by a spheroid halo of older, population II stars, as well as relatively dense concentrations of stars known as globular clusters. Between the stars lies the interstellar medium , a region of sparse matter. In the densest regions, molecular clouds of molecular hydrogen and other elements create star-forming regions.
These begin as a compact pre-stellar core or dark nebulae , which concentrate and collapse in volumes determined by the Jeans length to form compact protostars. As the more massive stars appear, they transform the cloud into an H II region ionized atomic hydrogen of glowing gas and plasma. The stellar wind and supernova explosions from these stars eventually cause the cloud to disperse, often leaving behind one or more young open clusters of stars. These clusters gradually disperse, and the stars join the population of the Milky Way. Kinematic studies of matter in the Milky Way and other galaxies have demonstrated that there is more mass than can be accounted for by visible matter.
A dark matter halo appears to dominate the mass, although the nature of this dark matter remains undetermined.
The study of stars and stellar evolution is fundamental to our understanding of the Universe. The astrophysics of stars has been determined through observation and theoretical understanding; and from computer simulations of the interior. When destabilized, cloud fragments can collapse under the influence of gravity, to form a protostar.
A sufficiently dense, and hot, core region will trigger nuclear fusion , thus creating a main-sequence star. Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were created inside the cores of stars. The characteristics of the resulting star depend primarily upon its starting mass. The more massive the star, the greater its luminosity, and the more rapidly it fuses its hydrogen fuel into helium in its core. Over time, this hydrogen fuel is completely converted into helium, and the star begins to evolve.
The fusion of helium requires a higher core temperature. A star with a high enough core temperature will push its outer layers outward while increasing its core density. The resulting red giant formed by the expanding outer layers enjoys a brief life span, before the helium fuel in the core is in turn consumed. Very massive stars can also undergo a series of evolutionary phases, as they fuse increasingly heavier elements. The final fate of the star depends on its mass, with stars of mass greater than about eight times the Sun becoming core collapse supernovae ;  while smaller stars blow off their outer layers and leave behind the inert core in the form of a white dwarf.
The ejection of the outer layers forms a planetary nebula. At a distance of about eight light-minutes, the most frequently studied star is the Sun , a typical main-sequence dwarf star of stellar class G2 V, and about 4. The Sun is not considered a variable star , but it does undergo periodic changes in activity known as the sunspot cycle. This is an year oscillation in sunspot number. Sunspots are regions of lower-than- average temperatures that are associated with intense magnetic activity. The Sun has also undergone periodic changes in luminosity that can have a significant impact on the Earth.
The visible outer surface of the Sun is called the photosphere. Above this layer is a thin region known as the chromosphere. This is surrounded by a transition region of rapidly increasing temperatures, and finally by the super-heated corona. At the center of the Sun is the core region, a volume of sufficient temperature and pressure for nuclear fusion to occur. Above the core is the radiation zone , where the plasma conveys the energy flux by means of radiation. Above that is the convection zone where the gas material transports energy primarily through physical displacement of the gas known as convection.
It is believed that the movement of mass within the convection zone creates the magnetic activity that generates sunspots. A solar wind of plasma particles constantly streams outward from the Sun until, at the outermost limit of the Solar System, it reaches the heliopause.
As the solar wind passes the Earth, it interacts with the Earth's magnetic field magnetosphere and deflects the solar wind, but traps some creating the Van Allen radiation belts that envelop the Earth. The aurora are created when solar wind particles are guided by the magnetic flux lines into the Earth's polar regions where the lines the descend into the atmosphere. Planetary science is the study of the assemblage of planets , moons , dwarf planets , comets , asteroids , and other bodies orbiting the Sun, as well as extrasolar planets.
The Solar System has been relatively well-studied, initially through telescopes and then later by spacecraft. This has provided a good overall understanding of the formation and evolution of the Sun's planetary system, although many new discoveries are still being made. The Solar System is subdivided into the inner planets, the asteroid belt , and the outer planets. The inner terrestrial planets consist of Mercury , Venus , Earth, and Mars.
The outer gas giant planets are Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune. The planets were formed 4. Through a process that included gravitational attraction, collision, and accretion, the disk formed clumps of matter that, with time, became protoplanets.
The radiation pressure of the solar wind then expelled most of the unaccreted matter, and only those planets with sufficient mass retained their gaseous atmosphere. The planets continued to sweep up, or eject, the remaining matter during a period of intense bombardment, evidenced by the many impact craters on the Moon.
During this period, some of the protoplanets may have collided and one such collision may have formed the Moon. Once a planet reaches sufficient mass, the materials of different densities segregate within, during planetary differentiation. This process can form a stony or metallic core, surrounded by a mantle and an outer crust.
The core may include solid and liquid regions, and some planetary cores generate their own magnetic field , which can protect their atmospheres from solar wind stripping. A planet or moon's interior heat is produced from the collisions that created the body, by the decay of radioactive materials e.
Some planets and moons accumulate enough heat to drive geologic processes such as volcanism and tectonics. Those that accumulate or retain an atmosphere can also undergo surface erosion from wind or water. Smaller bodies, without tidal heating, cool more quickly; and their geological activity ceases with the exception of impact cratering.
Astronomy and astrophysics have developed significant interdisciplinary links with other major scientific fields. Archaeoastronomy is the study of ancient or traditional astronomies in their cultural context, utilizing archaeological and anthropological evidence. Astrobiology is the study of the advent and evolution of biological systems in the Universe, with particular emphasis on the possibility of non-terrestrial life.
Astrostatistics is the application of statistics to astrophysics to the analysis of vast amount of observational astrophysical data.
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The study of chemicals found in space, including their formation, interaction and destruction, is called astrochemistry. These substances are usually found in molecular clouds , although they may also appear in low temperature stars, brown dwarfs and planets. Cosmochemistry is the study of the chemicals found within the Solar System, including the origins of the elements and variations in the isotope ratios. Both of these fields represent an overlap of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistry.
As " forensic astronomy ", finally, methods from astronomy have been used to solve problems of law and history.
Astronomy is one of the sciences to which amateurs can contribute the most. Collectively, amateur astronomers observe a variety of celestial objects and phenomena sometimes with equipment that they build themselves. Common targets of amateur astronomers include the Sun, the Moon, planets, stars, comets, meteor showers , and a variety of deep-sky objects such as star clusters, galaxies, and nebulae.
Astronomy clubs are located throughout the world and many have programs to help their members set up and complete observational programs including those to observe all the objects in the Messier objects or Herschel catalogues of points of interest in the night sky. One branch of amateur astronomy, amateur astrophotography , involves the taking of photos of the night sky. Many amateurs like to specialize in the observation of particular objects, types of objects, or types of events which interest them. Most amateurs work at visible wavelengths, but a small minority experiment with wavelengths outside the visible spectrum.
This includes the use of infrared filters on conventional telescopes, and also the use of radio telescopes. The pioneer of amateur radio astronomy was Karl Jansky , who started observing the sky at radio wavelengths in the s. A number of amateur astronomers use either homemade telescopes or use radio telescopes which were originally built for astronomy research but which are now available to amateurs e. Amateur astronomers continue to make scientific contributions to the field of astronomy and it is one of the few scientific disciplines where amateurs can still make significant contributions.
Amateurs can make occultation measurements that are used to refine the orbits of minor planets. They can also discover comets, and perform regular observations of variable stars. Improvements in digital technology have allowed amateurs to make impressive advances in the field of astrophotography. Although the scientific discipline of astronomy has made tremendous strides in understanding the nature of the Universe and its contents, there remain some important unanswered questions. Answers to these may require the construction of new ground- and space-based instruments, and possibly new developments in theoretical and experimental physics.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena. This article is about the scientific study of celestial objects. For other uses, see Astronomy disambiguation. Not to be confused with astrology , the pseudoscience. Main article: History of astronomy. Further information: Archaeoastronomy and List of astronomers.
Main article: Observational astronomy. Main article: Radio astronomy. Main article: Infrared astronomy. Main article: Optical astronomy. Main article: Ultraviolet astronomy. Main article: X-ray astronomy. Main article: Gamma ray astronomy. Main articles: Astrometry and Celestial mechanics. Main article: Theoretical astronomy.
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Universe events since the Big Bang Nature timeline. This box: view talk edit. Matter-dominated era. Single-celled life. Multicellular life. Dark Ages. Earliest stars. Earliest galaxy. Omega Centauri. Andromeda Galaxy. Milky Way spirals.
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Earliest life. Earliest oxygen. Atmospheric oxygen. Sexual reproduction. Earliest plants. Cambrian explosion. Earliest mammals. Earliest apes. See also: Human timeline , and Life timeline. Main article: Physical cosmology. Main article: Extragalactic astronomy. Main article: Galactic astronomy. Main article: Star. See also: Solar astronomy. Main article: Sun. See also: Solar telescope. Main articles: Planetary science and Planetary geology.
Main article: Amateur astronomy. Main article: List of unsolved problems in astronomy. Main articles: Outline of astronomy and Glossary of astronomy. Classical Astronomy and the Solar System — Introduction. Classical Astronomy and the Solar System. Translated by Brewer, W. Berlin, New York: Springer. Archived from the original on 9 June Retrieved 17 November The Astronomy Cafe. Archived from the original on 8 July Retrieved 20 June Archived from the original on 1 November Results for "astronomy". Archived from the original on 17 June Results for "astrophysics".
The Physical Universe. Chichester, England: Wiley. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Archived from the original on 30 October Retrieved 28 October In Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth eds. Brill's New Pauly. Archive for History of Exact Sciences. Sign in Register. Enter e-mail address Show Enter password Remember me.
Enter e-mail address This e-mail address will be used to create your account. Reset your password. Please enter the e-mail address you used to register to reset your password Enter e-mail address. Registration complete. Astroparticle physics Cosmology Dark matter and energy Gravity Planetary science Stars and solar physics Telescopes and space missions. Editor's choice. Astronomy and space Blog Astrobiology conference attracts scientists with an astonishing breadth of knowledge. Telescopes and space missions Feature Weighing water from space Marric Stephens explains how an update to a mission to monitor fresh water is also helping with plans for a space-based gravitational-wave detector.
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His star charts are handy guides to help you find your way. He even includes a section on astrophotography if you're interested in taking pictures, including options with unspecialized equipment. Since the text of the book is written at a junior high level, your teenage kids likely will enjoy the book as well. Whether you're an amateur astronomer, casual stargazer or anything in between, " Things to See in the Night Sky" is your one-stop shop for information on where, when and how to spot some of the brightest and most easily recognizable sights in the sky. Written by Dean Regas, an astronomer and public outreach educator at the Cincinnati Observatory in Ohio, the book breaks down everything you need to know to stargaze like a pro.
Beginners can use this book as an introduction to stargazing, while more experienced readers will find the book to be a useful field guide that can serve as a reference for locating and identifying stars, constellations, meteor showers, eclipses and even satellites. The book focuses on "naked-eye" objects, so you don't need telescopes, binoculars or any other equipment to utilize this handy skywatching guide.
Read an interview with the author here. In "The Zoomable Universe," astrophysicst Caleb Scharf takes readers from the size of the observable universe step-by-step down to the shortest theoretical measurable length. Along the way, Scharf and the book's illustrator, Ron Miller, explore the formation of the universe, our galaxy and Earth, the makeup of life and quantum physics, and the complexity that develops when you look beyond the surface at any scale.
The large, colorful book has a lot of ground to cover, but it delves into enough detail to spark readers' curiosity, and additional graphics by 5W Infographics pack more information into less space. As it speeds through orders of magnitude, from the largest to the smallest, it stops in lots of fascinating corners of the universe along the way. Fifty years ago, only a handful of scientists were hunting for signals from other civilizations as part of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence SETI. But Tarter continued to fight, helping to found a private agency that would survive government changes, hunting for private donors to look beyond this world and helping move the search for intelligent life from the fringes into mainstream science.
Author Lucas Ellerbroek highlights the passion of exoplanet researchers as they learn about the countless planets circling other stars. Throughout history, solar eclipses have transformed from terrifying omens to the subject of scientific study. In "Sun Moon Earth: The History of Solar Eclipses from Omens of Doom to Einstein and Exoplanets," astronomer-artist Tyler Nordgren traces the natural history of eclipses and how they have inspired eclipse chasers to travel the world and witness the natural phenomenon.
Nordgren's narrative also details how observations of total solar eclipses have contributed to scientific discoveries about the sun, moon and Earth's place in the universe throughout history. Read an interview with the book's author here. The search for planets beyond Earth's solar system has revealed countless surprises, including the existence of strange and unexpected worlds that astronomers would have never imagined existed only a few decades ago. A new book titled "Exoplanets: Diamond Worlds, Super Earths, Pulsar Planets and the New Search for Life Beyond Our Solar System" Smithsonian Books, explores the history of exoplanet research, illustrates the many different types of planets that have been discovered to date and discusses how astronomers plan to further study these newfound alien worlds.
The solar system is a wild place, and even Earth's immediate neighborhood is much more chaotic than maps would suggest — researchers discover more than near-Earth asteroids every month. A new book by Carrie Nugent, an asteroid researcher from Caltech, goes through how we find asteroids and near-Earth objects and what we would do if one was heading toward us. Over the past century, humankind's influence over our environment has increased dramatically.
In "Earth in Human Hands," Grinspoon explores the ways that, for good or bad, humans have seized control of the planet. The choice is whether we do so mindlessly, or whether we act in a responsible, considerate manner. Such a dilemma may be common to all life, and the most successful, long-lasting civilizations in the galaxy may live on planets they have engineered to be stable over extensive periods of time, making them more difficult to identify than rapidly-expanding societies.
You can read an interview with Grinspoon and watch video clips of him discussing the book with Space. It has been the top-selling stargazing guide for over 20 years. Now in its revised fourth edition, the book contains everything you need to know about what's up in the sky through the year The bookre chapter is dedicated to stargazing technology, like binoculars and telescopes.
An entiked with information that even the most experienced stargazers will find comes in handy.


From Jupiter to Mars, from Uranus to Saturn, from Earth to Venus. Travel through the solar system with this Londji puzzle.
Now in a 600-piece micropuzzle.
- Illustration Carmen Saldaña
- Age from 6 to 106 years old
- Material Recycled cardboard and paper
- Packaging Sturdy cardboard box
- Size 20 x 30 cm
- Box Size 14,5 x 14,5 x 3,5 cm
Micro puzzle 600 pcs- Planets


Appearance Change History
|Animation On||Animation Off|
|September 7, 2012||September 10, 2012|
|December 18, 2012||January 14, 2013|
|August 21, 2013||August 25, 2013|
|December 13, 2013||January 13, 2014|
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|December 17, 2014|
- The Moon Habitat was released on November 5, 2011, along with the Sun Dragon, Moon Dragon, Sun Flag, Moon Flag, and the Sun Habitat.
- Buying a Moon Habitat does NOT increase your chances of getting an epic dragon with the moon element.
- On April 29, 2013, the Moon Habitat received its own unique sound upon clicking it.
- The "spare ribs" in the description are likely a reference to a recurring "Saturday Night Live" sketch featuring Will Ferrell as legendary Chicago Cub's broadcaster Harry Caray as the host of a space and astronomy TV talk show, "Universe: The Infinite Frontier". During one episode, he asks a scientist if he would eat the moon if it were made of barbeque spare ribs.


Hello! I am a junior at Harvard College pursuing a joint concentration in Physics and Astrophysics and a secondary in the Classics. I love to talk about physics, ancient history, and using the tools of math to describe nature. My experience with research and public outreach in astronomy has given me lots of practice at explaining concepts in science. I know a little bit too much about the college admissions process and am excited to share what I've learned with you! At college, I dance with the Harvard Radcliffe Modern Dance Company and participate in the Harvard Public Opinion Project, a student-run poll of young Americans. I enjoy using telescopes, identifying plants, and drinking coffee! I look forward to working with you.
Expertise: SAT, Physics, Math, Analytical Writing, General Humanities, College Consultation, College Essay Consultation
Interested in booking a session with Meg? You can reserve an appointment on her personal calendar below:


[Nine Diagrams of the Solar System]. Venice, 1689.
The Solar System according to Ptolemy, Descartes, Copernicus, Tico, etc.
In very good condition, a small hole in the map ca. 3 mm, margin with a small area of thin paper with small hole ca. 2 mm.
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Harvard university houses the oldest and the richest world photograpic collection of approximately
500 000 astronomical plates taken between the mid-1880s and 1989. The century coverage is a unique resource for studying temporal variations in the universe. The Harvard Colledge Observatory (HCO) under the direction of Edward Pickering (1877 to 1919) was a birthplace of a modern astrophysics, with a number of women working as skilled workers to process astronomical data. This historical period, the HCO staff known as "Pickering's Harem" as well as „Harvard computers“ and their monumental achievments will be described in the first part of the talk.
The nature and evolution of cataclysmic variable stars such as symbiotic stars and novae are, whenever it is possible, studied by the method of archive photometry searching past history of the objects. Physical properties of this stars, the nature of related eruptive processes and the properties of their variability could be obtained from historical light curves and spectroscopic observations. In the second part of the talk the part of such astrophysical research done by the author and the collaborators using data digged on HCO will be presented.


Konstantin Feoktistov on the Spaceships of Today and Tomorrow, 1968
Konstantin Feoktistov in the Voskhod spaceship.
Konstantin Feoktistov was a Soviet space engineer and cosmonaut who had a truly remarkable career that really should have never happened at all.
When he was just 16 he was captured by the Germans while acting as a scout for the Red Army and was sentenced to be shot. The sentence was carried out but Feoktistov was only wounded in the neck and managed to survive by faking his death and escaping from a ditch where he had been dumped later in the evening.
After the war he went on to play a critical role as an engineer in the Soviet space program and was involved with the teams that designed the Sputnik satellites, the Vostok space capsule, the Voskhod space capsule, and the Soyuz space capsule.
As related by the Great Soviet Encyclopedia: "After working in various scientific research organizations, he became a cosmonaut in 1964. As a flight scientist, Feoktistov made a space flight on Oct. 12 and 13, 1964, aboard the multiseat spacecraft Voskhod, together with V. M. Komarov and B. B. Egorov. During the flight, Feoktistov flew around the earth 16 times, covering a distance of approximately 700,000 km."
In doing so he became the first civilian to go into space.
Among his many honours he was awarded the Lenin Prize, the Order of Lenin, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and of Hero of Socialist Labour by Vietnam. There is also a crater on the far side of the moon named for him.
This interview with Feoktistov from 1968 looks at what he envisioned as the future when it came to spaceship design for trips to the Moon, Mars and Venus as well as for space station escape capsules and how space walks could be performed during multi-cosmonaut missions.
It provides a fascinating look at what the Soviets felt lay ahead in space travel at the dawn of the space exploration era.
Interview (Soviet Life, August 1968):
QUESTION: How important is the shape of a spaceship? How does it change with the progress of spacecraft construction?
ANSWER: The situation is somewhat different for a spacecraft than a plane, where the shape is determined by the laws of aerodynamics. After testing various arrangements. aircraft designers arrived at the monoplane shape, with wings up front and the tail assembly in the rear.
In outer space, where there is no air resistance, a craft can be practically any shape. Remember our sputniks and the lunar and interplanetary stations? They differed considerably. The shape and size of a spacecraft depend, first of all, on the nature and quantity of its scientific and service equipment.
This Is true to a degree of any type of ship. Spacecraft designers have a great deal of leeway here except for the shape of a re-entry vehicle, where they are limited. The consideration is whether it is desirable to have what is known as a gliding descent or a ballistic reentry.
For a spherical ship, like the Vostok and the reentry vehicle of the Venus-4 station, only a ballistic reentry is possible, since a purely spherical shape will be subject to drag, no matter which of Its sides is turned In the direction of the flight. The overload is regulated only by the angle of reentry.
In the case of another shape, let us say an inverted cone (the U.S. Gemini-type craft), the reentry vehicle might have a lift with a certain balance achieved by a proper location of the center of gravity. If a control system is also installed, it will be possible with this form of reentry vehicle to change the direction and volume of the lift and consequently to guide the descent trajectory and regulate overloads. Even with an aerodynamic quality of small values it is possible to have overloads no larger than 3 or 4 g, which is less than in launching a ship Into an orbit.
QUESTION: What do you think will be the difference between spaceships designed for the Moon and Mars or Venus?
ANSWER: The main difference will be in their power supplies, that is, in the rocket stages of the ship. The length of the flight will also be a factor. A return trip to the Moon will take from 10 to 15 days, while an expedition to Mars or Venus will take two or three years.
These two circumstances will determine the difference in shape and design. In my opinion lunar ships will be mainly using rocket stages burning chemical fuel — oxygen, hydrocarbon or any other chemical compound capable of producing sufficiently high specific Impulses. The chemical rocket stages will then take up the greater part of the weight and volume of a ship. If, for example, such a craft weighs from 100 to 200 tons on its orbital flight as an Earth satellite, it will weigh from five to seven tons on its return to the Earth. The rest will be scattered in the form of burnt-up fuel and used-up rocket stages somewhere along the Earth-Moon trajectory, in the area of the Moon and on the lunar surface.
Speaking of ships designed for trips to Mars or Venus, to reach the velocities needed for escaping from their Earth satellite orbits to the trajectory of flight toward the planet of destination, for braking and for entering the planet's orbit, it would seem more expedient, at present to use either ion or plasma jets. But the question immediately arises: Where will the electric power for the jets come from? Obviously the ship will have to carry a nuclear power unit with a great enough capacity. A lunar ship will therefore took like a modern rocket with a spacecraft in its nose part, while a spaceship designed for a trip to Mars or Venus will look more like "sails," with a power plant in one end and living quarters and Instrument compartments In the other.
The "sails" provide large radiation surfaces for the removal of unused power since the efficiency of a generator cannot be equal to 1.0.
QUESTION: What are the prospects for a single-seater?
ANSWER: It is hard to foresee any reason for building a single-seater spaceship. It was logical for the first flights since the designers were limited by the Possibilities of carrier rockets. But only ships designed for many people will be used In the future, I think.
The scope of work to be done in outer space will be considerable: research of various kinds and the assembly of orbital stations and laboratories, among other things. And I can see only an increase in this scope with time.
A single-seater would not even serve for trips between orbital stations and the Earth. A transport ship to carry replacement crews for orbital stations must obviously have a rather large capacity.
Perhaps the lifesaving capsules on a satellite station will be single-seaters or two-seaters. This needs further investigation. What I have in mind is some major trouble on a satellite station which forces the crew to leave in a hurry when there is no transport ship in the vicinity. Such lifesaving situations will have to be provided for. It might be advisable, for example, to have life-saving devices on the station. Cosmonauts will board them, find their bearings manually, switch on the brakes and descend to Earth. Such a capsule must not be large, of course.
QUESTION: What is the optimum size of a space crew at our present level of engineering skill, and is it likely to change with time?
ANSWER: It is too early to answer that question. All ships built up to now were approximately the same weight, from three to six tons. They could take no more than three men. The size of the crew is determined by the tasks of a given flight and the power capacity of the carrier rocket.
One man has to pilot the ship, another to navigate, For charting the course of the flight a good knowledge of the sky (which, incidentally, Is not so hard to acquire) will not be enough. Also needed will be a knowledge of celestial mechanics. the techniques of reading and analyzing instruments, the solution of navigational problems by electronic computers, and the methods of checking the validity of the measurements. All this will call for a certain degree of specialization. Ships bound for long flights will need doctors and biologists to observe the biological environment inside the ship and watch the health of the crew. But none of these people will have only one specialty, because on a flight to Venus, for example, you would then need a crew of 50 to 100 specialists. But a crew that big is not possible, particularly In view of the quantifies of food and water the ship would have to carry. The probability is that no more than a 10-man crew will be used in the first flights to Mars or Venus. Each one will have to have something approximating an encyclopedic knowledge, be master of several skills. For example. the captain might be both pilot and navigator, and it would be good if he were an engineer as well.
QUESTION: What method of leaving the ship for a walk in outer space is most promising and why? Is any other method possible besides depressurizing the cabin or locking?
ANSWER: Locking seems to be the most promising method, since It would be unwise to depressurize an entire ship or orbital station. To depressurize the cabin, all the members of the crew would have to put on space suits. We expect that people working on orbital stations will wear light suits, like those worn on earth or like those we were wearing during our flight on Vostok I. Locking methods will have to be worked out to make it possible for a spaceman to take a walk outside the ship or station without inconveniencing the other members of the crew.
I cannot think of any method other than depressurization or locking. A lock can be turned into a space suit, perhaps. That is easily visualized. Let us say that a rigid space suit is prefastened to a hatch. A man climbs into the suit. sticks his legs and arms out, the hatches are closed from inside the suit and the ship, and the suit is then detached from the ship. But this is not much more than a space suit with a different name, a kind of a trip in a lock. The lock will return to the ship and be fastened to the hatch; the cosmonaut will even the pressure, the hatches will open and the spaceman will find himself in the ship again.
I think that large ships and satellite stations will have more than one lock. Imagine a large ship with a crew of 10 or even more people. It will be a huge object. The possibility of a meteorite striking it will be much greater than with today's ships. However, not every meteorite, even if it punctures the shell, is dangerous. The pressure does not go immediately. Still, it may happen that a crew is forced to leave the ship. In that case it would be best to exit through an undamaged section. There should therefore be at least two locks.


Winnipeg teacher Gabe Kraljevic says it doesn’t take much to make it to space — well, almost to space.
“High-quality balloon, helium, some string, ingenuity, and bits and pieces from your kitchen and from Rona, and you got yourself a spacecraft,” said Kraljevic, a teacher at Garden City Collegiate.
On Friday, Kraljevic led a class of intrepid space travellers from the school in the launch of their contribution to the Global Space Balloon Challenge, an international event that challenges teams around the world to simultaneously fly high-altitude balloons.
The Garden City team flew a contraption made of two salad bowls into the upper stratosphere, at an altitude of 30 kilometres — still a little shy of the 100-kilometre height required to technically count as entering outer space.
It’s around three times the height a jetliner usually flies at, though, and high enough that the sky is black.
“It’s very cool to put something in space,” said Sarah Schroeder, one of the students in the class.
In their salad-bowl ship, students sent a bit of DNA along with ozone and UV sensors — plus their mascot, a tiny Lego gopher in a space suit. The plan was to see how the ozone and UV affected the DNA.
Their balloon was equipped with cameras and tracking equipment to capture its brief flight, and help find it after it fell back to earth. The cameras worked, but the tracking equipment failed. Luckily, students were still able to quickly track down the fallen balloon.
Kraljevic said the way they do it, space travel’s not an exact science anyway.
“It should be, but we are using salad bowls and duct tape,” he said.


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Computational Scheme for Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit due to Gravitation of the Earth
By analyzing the influence of the earth’s gravitational anomaly on the orbit of a satellite around the earth, a computational scheme for geosynchronous satellite orbit with small inclination is developed. The governing equations of motion, which consist of three equations and have been simplified to take into account geosynchronous conditions and small displacements, are solved by numerical technique. In particular the radius of geosynchronous orbit is obtained by solving the first governing equation by Regula-Falsi method. Stationary points are obtained by indirect method, i.e. by first finding the longitude positions with zero longitudinal accelerations. The trajectory of the subsatellite point is obtained by solving the governing equations for small displacement by Runge-Kutta method. Comparison of computational result with Blitzer’s and Flury’s using IAU 1968 and GEM-8 data, leads confidence to the present scheme.
Heiskanen, W.W. and Moritz, H., Physical Geodesy, W.H. Freeman and Company, San Fransisco, 1967.
Djojodihardjo, H., Vinti’s Surface Density as a Means of Representing The Earth’s Disturbance Potential, Proceeding ITB, Vol. 7, 1974.
Djojodihardjo, H., Dinamika Lintasan Satelit Komunikasi Geostasioner, Lokakarya Sistem Komunikasi Antariksa LAPAN, Jakarta 1979.
Hagihara, Y., Celestial Mechanics, The MIT Press, Massachusetts, 1970.
Blitzer, L., Equilibrium Positions and Stability of 24 Hour Satellite Orbits, J. Gephys. Res., Vol. 70, 1965.
Kaplan, M.H., Modern Spacecraft Dynamics and Controls, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976.
Wagner, C.A. and Lerch, F.J., Improvement in The Geopotential Derived from Satellite and Surface Data (GEM 7 and 8), J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 82, 1977.
Flurry, W., Station Keeping of Geostationary Satellite, Eldo Cecles/Esro Cers Sci. & Tec.Rev., Vol.5, 1978.
Djojodihardjo, H. and yus Kadarusmam, Analisa Pengaruh Anomali Gravitasi Bumi pada lintasan Orbit Geostasioner, Majalah LAPAN, No. 25, tahun VII, Mei, Juni, Juli 1982.
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Australia-New Zealand Student Conference on Relativity, Cosmology, and Astrophysics
|From||Monday 08th May 2023|
|To||Friday 10th March 2023|
The 2023 Australia-NZ Student Conference on General Relativity is an online event for postgraduate students in General Relativity, Cosmology, and Astrophysics. Research in general relativity draws on many sources from differential geometry and classical field theory to astrophysical observations and techniques in numerical analysis. We hope to provide a platform for postgraduate students with expertise in these diverse fields to share their research and to foster interdisciplinary collaboration across the Tasman.
Along with student talks, we will hear from a number of researchers in Australia and New Zealand who work with general relativity and there will be spaces for networking and discussion. Local student hubs are also being organised, so you can attend together with other students in your region.
The conference will take place from May 8-10.
Registration closes April 23.
Further details and the registration form can be found here: https://www.gravity.ac.nz/
Matthew Bailes (Swinburne University)
Richard Easther (University of Auckland)
Astrid Lamberts (California Institute of Technology / CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur)
Todd Oliynyk (Monash University)
Volker Schlue (University of Melbourne)
Chris Stevens (University of Canterbury)
To support post-symposium research collaboration between PhD student participants, MATRIX- AMSI are providing funding through the MATRIX-AMSI PhD Student Research Collaboration Scheme (https://www.matrix-inst.org.
au/phd-student-research- collaboration-scheme-% 20guidelines/).


A quick post today about something exciting (and rare) happening in the sky this week.
As reported by CNN, early (45 min before sunrise) risers will be able to see 5 planets in the sky simultaneously. Here’s the overview:
From January 20 to February 20, you can see five planets spanning the sky together just before dawn: Mercury, Venus, Saturn, Mars and Jupiter will all be visible about 45 minutes before sunrise.
This is the first time all five of the so-called naked-eye planets have appeared together in the pre-dawn sky in more than a decade, according to Sky and Telescope.
The group got the name “naked-eye planets” because you can see each of them with your own eyes — you don’t need binoculars or a telescope.
I’ve blogged about astronomy and the cosmos previously. I strongly believe that the cosmological aspect of creation one of the most awesome revelations of God. As the popular song proclaims: “The Heavens are telling the glory of God…”


Welcome to the year 2052, where Planet Earth is suffering from a dire state. Meanwhile, the ultra-rich have migrated to the moon, specifically to a place called Lunarville. However, only a select 1% of them apparently managed to secure a spot in this exclusive lunar community.
Lunarville is a funny and unique destination with a bit of a retro vibe. Here, you can witness dancing aliens, explore the (furnished) rooms of the main building, and even indulge in some clubbing at the exclusive ‘Apollo Lounge’. Surprisingly, one can walk around outside without a space suit, which adds to the otherworldly experience of being on the moon.
Once you arrive at the landing point, you have the option to take the teleporter to either Sur Mer or Lunarville. Although I only captured pictures in Lunarville, Sur Mer is equally fascinating and worth exploring! However, I’ll save the details for another night and a future blog post.