Awe-inspiring science reporting, technology news, and diy projects skunks to space robots, primates to climates that's popular science, 145 years strong. Science news and science articles from new scientist. Latest science news europe and south america are rewarded with a spectacular sight as they watch the sun, earth and moon line up perfectly in the heavens bagasse: 'turning trash to treasure . The sun grows and contracts a little over cycles lasting around 11 years, new data show changes in the strength of its magnetic fields may help explain this an active sun is a somewhat smaller sun | science news for students. Latest technology and science news new technology, scientific breakthroughs, discoveries and research from the sun.
Home forums ancient history science in the news coursework layout – 787071 this topic contains 0 replies,. Get the latest news, articles and videos on space news, astronomy, space exploration, nasa, our solar system and the universe. Science news in brief: south pole maps and omnivorous sharks science the parker probe hurtles towards the sun science science news in brief: the insects that eat each other alive.
Science news asian games 2018: india's medal tally science nasa counts down to launch of first spacecraft to ‘touch sun’ science in a first, who recommends quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Latest science news, comment and analysis from the guardian, the world's leading liberal voice berkeley’s online science of happiness course this is what i learned nasa launches first . Scientists say that a huge hole has opened up in the sun's corona, with auroras set to cover swathes of north america and the uk fast moving solar winds are created where the star’s magnetic field opens up into space, captured as vast black regions in satellite imagery.
For nearly five billion years, the sun has been ready for its close-up—and nasa is now at last on its way to reach out and brush the face of our home star after a few delays, the parker solar . It’s part of the science news media group, which has published its flagship magazine since 1922 sns is a program of the society for science & the public , a nonprofit 501(c)(3) membership organization dedicated to public engagement in scientific research and education. Science news online features daily news, blogs, feature stories, reviews and more in all disciplines of science, as well as science news magazine archives back to 1924. The effects of space weather on aviation oct 25, science questions what causes the sun to vary science news [email protected] press releases . It's an outrage that turkey is ditching darwin from science textbooks evolution is being dropped from school biology texts in turkey in hungary, academic freedoms are increasingly threatened.
Science builds on science know the previous studies that matter so you can paint a fuller picture if your story is about chimps in guinea using cleavers and anvils, you might mention the different tools that chimps in the republic of congo use for termite fishing 5 interview the authors write from the paper alone and your news story will be dull. Is the sun disintegrating nasa spots monster hole open up on our star nasa has revealed that a massive hole, measuring more than ten per cent of the sun's surface area, has opened up on our star. Crystals trapped in meteorites reveal the sun’s violent past bbc focus newsnow aims to be the world's most accurate and comprehensive science news .
News science speed of nasa’s newest machine will melt your brain – london to nyc in 28 seconds speed of nasa’s newest machine will melt your brain – london to nyc in 28 seconds . With exclusives, opinion, pictures and videos from the sun jump directly to the content news corp is a network of leading companies in the worlds of diversified media, news, education, and . Breaking science and technology news from around the world exclusive stories and expert analysis on space, technology, health, physics, life and earth new scientist live 2018. Eurekalert offers a one-stop science news distribution service you can trust learn more eurekalert is a service of the american association for the advancement of science.
Going green could make the sahara desertgo green the world’s largest hot desert — with a scant population, strong winds and unobstructed exposure to the sun — is an idyllic landscape for generating renewable energy, according to new research. Science news online features daily news, blogs, feature stories, reviews and more in all disciplines of science, as well as science news magazine archives back to 1924 student science | daily news articles, blogs and biweekly magazine covering all areas of science. Spacecom is your source for the latest astronomy news and space discoveries, live coverage of space flights and the science of space travel. Physorg provides the latest news on science, fossils, archaeology, chemistry, mathematics, biology and science technology home other sciences.


May 25, 2022 – Today, we are excited to announce that Tastylicious has acquired the bakein.space website.
About Bake In Space
Bake In Space was a startup that sought to "address the scientific and technical challenges relating to the production of fresh food in space in order to improve the wellbeing and comfort of humans travelling beyond Low Earth Orbit."
Their mission is below:
In order to improve astronauts’ well being on long-duration missions such as on a Moon base or on a mission to Mars, food plays an essential key role. Besides a source for nutrition, fresh food evokes through all the senses of smell, touch and taste memories of general happiness and home.
Our initial goal is to conduct a series of technology demonstrations related to the production of fresh bread aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This entails recreating the value chain from growing grain to baking bread in micro-gravity. The experiment is split up into 5 phases, which will be realised on future astronaut missions to the ISS in order to advance our goal of food self-sustainability in space. Bake in Space will generate commercialisable spin-offs that will benefit us here on Earth.


This Saturday 6/20 as of 5:44 pm, the Sun will move from the air sign of Gemini into the highly sensitive sign of Cancer.
Expect the next 6-8 weeks to feel extra emotional, hyper sensitive and energetically charged as we navigate these waters.
Not long after at 2:41 am est, the Moon will join up with the Sun which will mark the New Moon at 0 degrees of Cancer.
A New Moon marks the beginning of the lunar cycle, the movement of the moon through its different phases.
New Moons are a time of new beginnings. The beginning of a new cycle, a time to initiate plans and projects, get things moving, a fresh start.
Abundance surrounds this energy.
New Moons are auspicious times filled with promise and opportunity.
The Sun aligns with the Moon in the sky when it’s a New Moon meaning that they are in the same sign –Cancer and on the first day of Cancer, it is even more impactful.
This is not just an ordinary New Moon though, it is an Annual Solar Eclipse.
The second of three eclipses (6/5 we had a Lunar Eclipse/Full Moon, 6/21 is this Solar Eclipse, and 7/5 is another Lunar/Full Moon Eclipse) this one is by far the most impactful.
Sitting at 0 degrees of Cancer, this Moon is at its most tender and critical point. It is most auspicious yes, but it can also be suspicious.
Everything and anything can happen!
For better or worse fireworks can occur personally, collectively, all of the above or none of the above during Eclipse season.
Eclipses are fated gateways of time.
Surrounding this Solar Eclipse is a lot of charged planetary activity creating imbalance above and below.
Wednesday 6/18 Mercury the planet of the mind, the planet that rules all communication, travel and technology- will station retrograde until 7/12.
This by itself creates a bit of confusion and muddled waters, but when in the emotional sign of Cancer the Crab? It will feel/be extra confusing and emotional so really watch those words!
You may have the desire to go inward, to hibernate- honor that.
Be kind, be compassionate as everyone is fighting a battle we may know nothing of.
Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto and Venus are all currently retrograde at the moment….so adding Mercury to the planetary retrograde pack? Need I elaborate?
Neptune, the planet of illusion, delusion, and confusion – also stations retrograde on 6/23.
This can give us a lot of psychic ‘advice’, but it can also produce paranoia and deceit so we need to remain extra conscious of what is going on, stay extra mindful of what you are being told!
Fact check and get second opinions where necessary.
Venus will also station direct on 6/25.
All of the starting, stopping and reversing direction of these planets can and will produce physical happenings for us.
The planets motion produces e-motion!
Drink your water, eat the right foods, ground, meditate, pray- it will all be ok.
Don’t forget to set New Moon intentions at this one, as we are at a turbocharged New Moon. At the initiation of Summer, this one is potent.
Ask yourself: Who do I want to be? Where would I like to go? What is stopping me?
The sky truly is the limit and during these times, we need to cling to our faith above all else.
Much more on this energy, video below.
If you would like to see what these planets are setting off in your personal horoscope schedule a session here.


The Planet Mars
The fourth planet from the sun that we all commonly refer to as the Red Planet. It's name......deprived form the Greek God of War, Ares, and it has the month March named after it too. Oh what is such a wonderful planet called? Why Mars of course! The Planet Mars was a website created for an Online Earth Science class project by four students, each adding something new to the table about the Red Planet. But, if your thirst for knowledge cannot be quenced by this site then we have left a works cited page at at the end and a blog so you can comment and surf other places. That.....and googling it helps too^.^
Welcome to our Site!
Welcome to our site called The Planet Mars! This site was created by a LaShonia Burns, Chris Bomhan, Ashley Baggett, and Shamara Thompson. If you've come here to learn about the our the planet Mars then you've come to the right place! Here we well explain the just the tip of the iceburg on what Mars is all about, from the depths deep within the planet to see what makes it tick to the atmosphere and the moons that surrounds the small red planet. So sick back, get a snack, and enjoy surfing our site to see what it has to offer for you. We hope you enjoy your time here!


Some interesting facts about Neptune that you may not have heard before: Discovery of Neptune:
As Neptune is dim and invisible to normal human eye the first observation of Neptune happened only after the invention of telescope. Galileo first observed Neptune in 1612 and then again in 1613 – this is evident from his drawings. But he mistook Neptune for a fixed star as Galileo was not able to notice the motion of the planet through his telescope. Apparently, he doesn’t hold the credit for the discovery of the planet.
Neptune was the first planet to have discovered through mathematical predication rather than astronomical observation. Neptune was discovered on September 23, 1846 by the French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier and the English mathematician John Couch Adams. Actually speaking both the mathematicians predicted the discovery, but it was actually found by the astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle. There were conversies between French and English on who really made the discovery, but the credit has been given to all three and it’s not a controversy anymore.
As the International Astronomical Union in 2006 decided that Pluto isn’t a planet any more Neptune is the farthest planet from Sun. Neptune is 4,503,443,661 km from the Sun – that is 4.5 billion km or 2.8 billion miles approximately.
NASA’s Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to visit Neptune and it took about 12 years for the spacecraft to reach Neptune. During Voyager 2’s flyby, it studied Neptune’s atmosphere, magnetosphere, rings and Neptune’s moons.
Moons of Neptune:
Neptune has about 13 moons and it’s more likely that there are many undiscovered moons in Neptune, since most of the 13 moons were discovered in the past few decades. Triton is the largest moon in Neptune and it was discovered just in 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Triton is the seventh largest moon in the Solar System.
Symbol of Neptune:
The symbol for Neptune is a trident – a weapon associated with the Roman god Neptune.
Diameter of Neptune:
The diameter of Neptune is approximately 49,500 km or 30,447 miles which would make it the 4th largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus.
Temperature of Neptune:
The outer atmosphere of Neptune is one of the coldest places on the Solar System and it can go down to -218 °C. Temperature at the core of the planet can go up to 5,000 °C.
Mass of Neptune:
The mass of Neptune is 1.02 x 1026 kg which equivalent of 17.1 times of Earth’s mass.
Neptune’s fun facts:
Unlike the other moons in the Solar System, Neptune’s moon Triton and Nereid orbit in the opposite direction.
Neptune is bright azure blue in color
The diameter of Neptune is about 3.9 times the diameter of the Earth.
Wonderful news from New England Journal of Medicine: Staring at women’s breasts is good for men’s health and can add extra years to life. Dr. Karen Weatherby and her colleagues conducted a research at a hospital in Frankfurt, Germany correlating life expectancy and breast watching. The researchers instructed half the participants to watch breasts for few minutes every day and instructed the remaining participants to refrain from breast watching. At the end of the study, the researchers noted that the men who ogled at the breasts of females on a regular basis exhibited lower blood pressure, slower resting pulse rates and lesser episodes of coronary artery disease.
Sexual desire leads to better blood circulation:
The researchers declared that sexual desire gives rise to better blood circulation that signifies an overall improved health. Dr.Weatherby explained, “Sexual excitement gets the heart pumping and improves blood circulation. There’s no question: Gazing at breasts makes men healthy.”
This story began circulating back in late 90’s and was posted in many tabloids. In fact, slight variations of this story are posted even now. Unfortunately, there is no Dr.Weatherby and no such research was ever done – it was just another hoax in the internet. So if you want to keep your blood pressure and pulse rate normal, you have to hit the gym – staring at breasts don’t work.
Haiti has one of highest violence rate against women and rape has been used as a political weapon to threaten them. Rape was not even a crime until 2005. Before that, victims were paid money for rape — not everybody was given money though. In spite of the law in place, penalty for rape is still not severe when compared to United States or any other developed nation.
Let’s hope the penalty for such offences are made severe and women in Haiti stop living in fear of being raped.


When you are planning to visit Los Angeles and one of your itineraries is Mt. Hollywood, then you might want to drop by at Griffith Observatory. It is known to be a landmark in the city which sits on the southern slope of Mt. Hollywood. The observatory gained popularity because of its extensive range of science and space-related displays that can entice the interest of not only the kids, but of the adults as well.
Through the planetarium, people can learn from the different scientific displays that they can explore. The location of the observatory welcomes visitors for in the dazzling views of Los Angeles wild and expansive civilization that pushes through the Pacific Ocean.
You don’t have to think about the expenses because entering the observatory is free except for those exhibit shows that ask minimal price for the tickets. It is open for five days where people can spend a day just roaming around the observatory and enjoying every minute seeing beautiful sights.
In the year 2002, it was temporarily closed to give way to the observatory’s renovation. It paved the way for an extended space for its displays and has opened several areas where visitors can sit back and purchase some items.
On its reopening in November 2006, the expanded place opened a wider space of exhibit with its underground area, gift shop, café and a new Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon Theater. With the many developments and exhibits in store, you should never miss Griffith Observatory in your tour in Los Angeles.
Wed - Fri: 12:00 pm - 10:00 pm
Sat - Sun: 10:00 am - 10:00 pm
Closed Mondays and most Tuesdays
|Address/Map:||2800 E Observatory Ave Los Angeles, CA 90027|
Admission to the Observatory building and grounds is FREE.
There is a nominal charge to see shows in the Samuel Oschin Planetarium.


This is a list of a number of speculative evolution projects and scenarios that exist on the wiki, so if yours it not present, feel free to add to the list (along with a description). For more details, see
Alternative Evolution [ edit source ]
Dinosaurs of the Ice Age
Dinosaurs of the Ice Age is about a major glaciation stemming from the relatively minor Tithonian-Berriasian glaciation, putting an end to many dinosaurs on Earth.
Eocene Split is a Palaeogene split in which the Grande Coupure (also known as the Eocene-Oligocene extinction) never happened.
Frozen in Time
Frozen in Time explores the possibilities of a world in which the Cryogenian glaciations lasted until the Triassic of our timeline.
Silent Skies details the evolution of life on Earth and Theia if Theia never collided with the Earth.
Triassic Divergence is an alter evo in which the Triassic-Jurassic extinction never occurs.
What if the Asteroid Missed?
What if the Asteroid Missed? asks the classic question of what would happen if the six mile wide asteroid creating the Chicxulub crater never hit.
Xenarthra Australia poses the question on what would occur if species in the superorder Xenarthra migrated towards Australia instead of South America and colonized a land without fewer sources of competition.
Animula is an alien planet which supports life, including animal-like creatures, plant-like creatures, and the strange Motoplantae, all amazingly different from life on earth.
Terra Chordata is about a planet named Auster in the Epsilon Eridani system which has been seeded with life by humans; this life includes many chordates.
Thalassa is a habitable moon that harbors multicelluar, carbon-based organisms. It is a beautiful and stunning satellite that is beyond human imagination.
Future of The World
Future of The World is about the next era of Earth's history, the Basilozoic era, during which a mammalian domination is eventually replaced by a reptilian one.
New Pleistocene is a future evolution project creating a more plausible reality of the 5 million years section of
The Future is Wild.
The Ornithocene is a dive into the possibilities of a future where a WWIII extinction event destroys almost all terrestrial mammal life, with birds rushing to fill the evolutionary gap.
Lord of Sealand
While We're Gone: The Future of Planet Earth
In a gradual look into the world after us, humans have decided to jump Spaceship Earth, and colonize elsewhere. At the same time, they release various highly-powerful satellites to monitor life and how it progresses.


Google Maps Update – Explore the World and Beyond
Google has added satellite images from around the world on Google Maps for everyone to learn and admire. Now, Google Maps also has an interactive map of the Solar System. Al those interested can zoom in and checkout planets and moon as well as learning important things about our universe. Some of the most interesting places to visit with Google Maps are:
Apart from planet Earth there are other planets in our solar system and people can now explore with Google Maps some of them. The list includes Mars, Pluto, Venus, Mercury and Pluto.
Mars’s map is the one with the most details on it. Space enthusiasts can explore decades of images from satellites. The Martian landscape is no longer a mystery.
Pluto made its famous high-speed flyby back in July two years ago and now Google Maps also offers images of the plant which can help those interested explores different craters on the surface.
Ceres, a dwarf planet studies by NASA is the largest object in the Asteroid Belt discovered so far.
Apart from planets, the Google app offers zooming out on moons such as Earth’s Moon, Saturn’s sixth moon and more.
Enceladus is Saturn’s sixth largest moon and by using the app we can see images from NASA with the moon tiger striping on the South Pole. The moon is made of warm and salty water.
Earth’s moon can be studied watching several images taken from NASA and ESA.
The International Space Station
Space enthusiasts can also explore the International Space Station. Their journey begins inside the Cupola module and then by clicking Node 3, explorers will arrive to the Waste and Hygiene Compartment. The latter is the place where astronauts’ bodily fluids and breath are recollected and recycled into fresh drinking water.


Because the first within the new weekly number of spectacular images in the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, the Hubble Picture each week, ESA/Hubble presents a sensational picture of a new star cluster.
This wealthy assortment of scattered stars, referred to as Messier 72, appears like a town seen from your plane window during the night, as small glints of sunshine from suburban homes us dot the borders from the vibrant city center. Messier 72 is really a globular cluster, an old spherical assortment of old stars packed much closer together at its center, like structures in the middle of a town when compared with less cities. In addition to huge figures of stars within the cluster itself the image also captures the pictures of numerous a lot more distant galaxies seen between and round the cluster stars.
French astronomer Pierre Méchain discovered this wealthy cluster in August of 1780, but we take Messier 72’s most typical name from Méchain’s friend Charles Messier, who recorded it as being the 72nd entry in the famous catalogue of comet-like objects just two several weeks later. This globular cluster is based on the constellation of Aquarius (water Bearer) about 50 000 light-years from Earth.
This striking image was taken using the Wide Field Funnel from the Advanced Camera for Surveys around the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The look was produced from pictures taken through yellow and near-infrared filters (F606W and F814W). The exposure occasions were about 10 mins per filter and the concept of view is all about 3.4 arcminutes across.


The Rosetta spacecraft is nearing the end of its historic, 12-year comet chase, slowly falling towards the surface of the dusty, icy body in a mission that has provided insight into the early days of the solar system and captured the public’s imagination.
The spacecraft has stalked comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko across more than 6 billion km (3.7 billion miles) of space, collecting a treasure trove of information on comets that will keep scientists busy for the next decade.
On Friday morning, the European Space Agency said the “collision manoeuvre” started last night was on track and the point of no return had been reached, putting Rosetta on course to crash into the comet at 1138 British time. Confirmation will be received on Earth about 40 minutes later.
“We want to go out at the peak of capability. We don’t want a comeback tour that’s rubbish. We will end in a very rock-and-roll fashion,” project scientist Matt Taylor said ahead of the final descent.
Rosetta’s instruments and camera are currently relaying back data and images, giving scientists insight into the structure of the comet before the spacecraft is permanently shut down.
The descent will reveal information on the side walls of the comet, crucial to understanding how comets formed, plus on large 100-metre (109-yard) wide pits, which scientists believe are key to how the comet releases gas and dust as it is warmed by the sun.
The mission has managed several historic firsts, such as getting a spacecraft into orbit around a comet and the unprecedented landing of a probe on the surface of a comet. A handful of previous spacecraft snapped pictures and collected data as they flew past their targets.
Daniel Brown, an astronomy expert at Nottingham Trent University, said the images sent back from the Rosetta mission were “as powerful as Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the Moon”.
Data collected by Rosetta and lander Philae, which reached the surface in November 2014, is already helping scientists better understand how the Earth and other planets formed.
For example, scientists now believe that asteroids, not comets were primarily responsible for delivering water to Earth and other planets in the inner solar system, possibly setting the stage for life.
“We’ve just scratched the surface of the science. We’re ending the mission, but the science will continue for many years,” Taylor said.
Rosetta will free-fall into the comet at the speed of a sedate walk, but it is not designed to withstand the impact.
The European Space Agency is ending the mission because 67P is racing toward the outer solar system, out of range for the solar-powered spacecraft.
Rosetta also has been subjected to the harsh radiation and extreme temperatures of space since launching in March 2004 and is unlikely to last too much longer


Waterfall, Lava Cave and Stargazing + Photos
Volcano and Mauna Kea Stargazing Tour
Enjoy scenic mountain views, picturesque waterfalls, current volcanic eruptions and stars like you’ve never seen them before!
- 7 Passengers Max
- Waterfalls, Lava Cave, Black Lava Fields
- Mauna Kea Stargazing
- Waive the online booking fees by calling us directly
- Led by Photographer/Guide
- Green Laser Constellation Show
- Look at Galaxies, Nebulas and Star clusters through an Astro-Cam.
What You Can Expect
See the best of the island without having to take a tour bus all day long. We take you to massive lava fields, waterfalls, Hilo town, a lava cave and stargazing above the clouds. Not your average tour, we only take luxury SUV’s while having a maximum of 7 guests on each adventure. Lucky for you, our guides are also Astro-Photographers who take complementary photos of you throughout the trip and most especially at night with the stars.
We will start by driving up the volcanic mountains of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea. Our first stop will be at a special spot where two of the largest volcanoes on the planet overlap. Then we will drive down the other side of the volcanoes into the lush rainforests of Hilo. Visiting a couple beautiful waterfalls and picturesque tree forests as well as explore in a 100 year old lava tube cave.
When the sun goes down, we will head to WikiFresh, a locally sourced restaurant in Hilo. After dinner, If lava is flowing, we will do our best to go check it out!
Finally, we drive up to around 9000 feet on Mauna Kea for the best stargazing of your life! Enjoy a private laser-guided star show, look at galaxies, nebula and star clusters from an astro-camera and get your picture taken with the stars. After you’re completely full with excitement, we will make our way back down to mountain to the MKRA for drop-off.
Contact us directly if you need a ride to the MKRA, we will try to help!
Want to see recent high-quality images from this experience? Click Here
Who can go?
- Ages 5 and above!
Why go with us?
- We are the only small group tour company that takes guests stargazing ( 7 Guests Max)
- This tour combines two tours into one, saving you an extra day to actually relax on your holiday!
- Each of our guides are Astro-Photographers, that takes photos of you with the night sky
- We give the digital photos to our guests, complimentary. Larger files/prints are available for purchase
- Private Tour options available as well
- All of the pictures seen in the descriptions were taken by our guides
What we provide
- Locally sourced Hilo dinner
- Comfy Parka Jackets that have pockets and a hood
- Waterfall, Lava Tube Cave and Stargazing Photos of your group
- Any entrance fees
What you should wear
- Comfortable walking shoes are recommended
- Short-sleeve shirt and bring an optional light or winter jacket


"Your mistakes are too numerous to discuss individually; we will need several hours to do that!
But your basic mistake is straightforward: You're looking at only one side of a two-sided state-of-being. Try thinking about what existed before the Big Bang. How did our "something" come into existence out of "nothing"? When you get a handle on that question you'll have a better understanding of what happens next."
So, I thought it might be useful to share with our readers a few of the lines of thinking about what existed before the Big Bang. There are many, but here are three I recently came across.
Just trying to be helpful here.
The Birth of Time: Quantum Loops Describe the Evolution of the Universe
ScienceDaily (Dec. 17, 2010) — What was the Big Bang and what happened before it? Scientists from the Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw have attempted to answer the question. Within the framework of loop quantum gravity they have put forward a new theoretical model, which might prove useful for validating hypotheses about events prior to the Big Bang. This achievement is one of the few models describing the full Einstein's theory and not merely its greatly simplified version.
Physicists from the Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw have put forward -- on the pages of Physical Review D -- a new theoretical model of quantum gravity describing the emergence of space-time from the structures of quantum theory. It is not only one of the few models describing the full general theory of relativity advanced by Einstein, but it is also completely mathematically consistent. "The solutions applied allow to trace the evolution of the Universe in a more physically acceptable manner than in the case of previous cosmological models," explains Prof. Jerzy Lewandowski from the Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (FUW).
While the general theory of relativity is applied to describe the Universe on a cosmological scale, quantum mechanics is applied to describe reality on an atomic scale. Both theories were developed in the early 20th century. Their validity has since been confirmed by highly sophisticated experiments and observations. The problem lies in the fact that the theories are mutually exclusive.
According to the general theory of relativity, reality is always uniquely determined (as in classical mechanics). However, time and space play an active role in the events and are themselves subject to Einstein's equations. According to quantum physics, on the other hand, one may only gain a rough understanding of nature. A prediction can only be made with a probability; its precision being limited by inherent properties. But the laws of the prevailing quantum theories do not apply to time and space. Such contradictions are irrelevant under standard conditions -- galaxies are not subject to quantum phenomena and quantum gravity plays a minor role in the world of atoms and particles. Nonetheless, gravity and quantum effects need to merge under conditions close to the Big Bang.
Traditional cosmological models describe the evolution of the Universe within the framework of the general theory of relativity itself. The equations at the core of the theory suggest that the Universe is a dynamic, constantly expanding creation. When theorists attempt to discover what the Universe was like in times gone by, they reach the stage where density and temperature in the model become infinite -- in other words, they lose their physical sense. Thus, the infinities may only be indicative of the weaknesses of the former theory and the moment of the Big Bang does not have to signify the birth of the Universe.
In order to gain at least some knowledge of quantum gravity, scientists construct simplified quantum models, known as quantum cosmological models, in which space-time and matter are expressed in a single value or a few values alone. For example, the model developed by Ashtekar, Bojowald, Lewandowski, Pawłowski and Singh predicts that quantum gravity prevents the increase of matter energy density from exceeding a certain critical value (of the order of the Planck density). Consequently, there must have been a contracting universe prior to the Big Bang. When matter density had reached the critical value, there followed a rapid expansion -- the Big Bang, known as the Big Bounce. However, the model is a highly simplified toy model.
The real answer to the mystery of the Big Bang lies in a unified quantum theory of matter and gravity. One attempt at developing such a theory is loop quantum gravity (LQG). The theory holds that space is weaved from one-dimensional threads. "It is just like in the case of a fabric -- although it is seemingly smooth from a distance, it becomes evident at close quarters that it consists of a network of fibres," describes Wojciech Kamiński, MSc from FUW. Such space would constitute a fine fabric -- an area of a square centimetre would consists of 1066 threads.
Physicists Marcin Domagała, Wojciech Kamiński and Jerzy Lewandowski, together with Kristina Giesel from the Louisiana State University (guest), developed their model within the framework of loop quantum gravity. The starting points for the model are two fields, one of which is a gravitational field. "Thanks to the general theory of relativity we know that gravity is the very geometry of space-time. We may, therefore, say that our point of departure is three-dimensional space," explains Marcin Domagała, PhD (FUW).
The second starting point is a scalar field -- a mathematical object in which a particular value is attributed to every point in space. In the proposed model, scalar fields are interpreted as the simplest form of matter. Scalar fields have been known in physics for years, they are applied, among others, to describe temperature and pressure distribution in space. "We have opted for a scalar field as it is the typical feature of contemporary cosmological models and our aim is to develop a model that would constitute another step forward in quantum gravity research," observes Prof. Lewandowski.
In the model developed by physicists from Warsaw, time emerges as the relation between the gravitational field (space) and the scalar field -- a moment in time is given by the value of the scalar field. "We pose the question about the shape of space at a given value of the scalar field and Einstein's quantum equations provide the answer," explains Prof. Lewandowski. Thus, the phenomenon of the passage of time emerges as the property of the state of the gravitational and scalar fields and the appearance of such a state corresponds to the birth of the well-known space-time. "It is worthy of note that time is nonexistent at the beginning of the model. Nothing happens. Action and dynamics appear as the interrelation between the fields when we begin to pose questions about how one object relates to another," explains Prof. Lewandowski.
Physicist from FUW have made it possible to provide a more accurate description of the evolution of the Universe. Whereas models based on the general theory of relativity are simplified and assume the gravitational field at every point of the Universe to be identical or subject to minor changes, the gravitational field in the proposed model may differ at different points in space.
The proposed theoretical construction is the first such highly advanced model characterized by internal mathematical consistency. It comes as the natural continuation of research into quantization of gravity, where each new theory is derived from classical theories. To that end, physicists apply certain algorithms, known as quantizations. "Unfortunately for physicists, the algorithms are far from precise. For example, it may follow from an algorithm that a Hilbert space needs to be constructed, but no details are provided," explains Marcin Domagała, MSc. "We have succeeded in performing a full quantization and obtained one of the possible models."
There is still a long way to go, according to Prof. Lewandowski: "We have developed a certain theoretical machinery. We may begin to ply it with questions and it will provide the answers." Theorists from FUW intend, among others, to inquire whether the Big Bounce actually occurs in their model. "In the future, we will try to include in the model further fields of the Standard Model of elementary particles. We are curious ourselves to find out what will happen," says Prof. Lewandowski.
What happened before the Big Bang?
For the most part, I try to keep these columns as by-the-numbers as possible. I generally want to focus on the consensus view of physics, and only like to veer off into the realm of crackpot science and speculation every so often.
But sometimes people have burning questions that they need answered that physics doesn't have an authoritative answer to. Discussion section, here's your lucky day! Step into your time cube and consider a question put to me by Dave Ranautta and several others. They ask:
What was there before the big bang? I appreciate that there are no facts concerning what existed prior (if anything) but are there popular theories?
Standard Answer: Nothing. So please don't ask.
I've talked a lot about the expanding universe in this column. The standard picture comes from general relativity, which describes a sort of stretching of space-time. The normal analogy is to think of us as ants on a balloon. In the past, the universe (aka "the balloon") was smaller than it is now, and, taken far enough back, the universe, presumably, was a single point. That was the moment of the big bang.
In the normal general relativity picture of things, the moment of creation produced not only space, but time; the two are incredibly intermixed, after all. To Einstein, talking about what happened before the Big Bang is just as nonsensical as asking what happens if you travel north of the North Pole. There just isn't just a place, or consequently such a time.
This is likely to make people squeamish. After all, if there was no time before the Big Bang (or no space, for that matter) where did we come from? Shouldn't there be something resembling causality in the universe?
What are our options?
We have some wiggle room, however. As I've discussed previously (and far less speculatively) not only don't we know what happened before the Big Bang, we don't even know what happened in the instant immediately following the Big Bang.
Our knowledge of physics in the first 10^-44 seconds after the beginning (which, admittedly, is a pretty damn short time) is virtually non-existent. This instant is known as the Planck Time, and since we don't know what happened before the Planck time with anything even remotely resembling certainty, we absolutely don't know what happened before the Big Bang. Regardless, logic dictates that we're left with one of two possibilities:
§ The universe had some sort of beginning, in which case we're left with the very unsettling problem of what caused the universe in the first place.
§ The universe has been around forever, in which case there's literally an infinite amount of history, both before and after us.
Neither of these is satisfying. Take the Old Testament view, for instance. We're to understand that God created the world. In that case our universe has a definite beginning. However, God himself is supposed to be eternal. What was he doing before he created our universe? It's no more satisfying to assert that the universe has been here all along. Is there literally an infinite amount of history? That doesn't make sense.
As a particularly clever cheat (or theory, if you prefer), in 1982 Alex Vilenkin of Tufts University showed how what we've learned from quantum mechanics might shed light on the how the universe popped into being.
Model #1: The Universe out of Nothing
Vilenkin noted that if we were to somehow start with a small bubble of a universe, two things could happen. If it were large enough, it would undergo exponential growth — just like our universe did in the first instants. If it were small, it would collapse.
Here's where things get weird. Quantum mechanics predicts all sorts of strange things, including half-dead/half-alive cats, or the possibility of teleportation. It also predicts the possibility that apparently impossible things are really just improbable. Image by CottonIJoe/Flickr.
For instance, it's possible (but brain-bendingly unlikely) that you could spontaneously find yourself teleported to Alpha Centauri (readers: please insert obligatory Hitchiker's reference here). More commonly radioactive decay can be thought of as a small piece of an atomic nucleus that shouldn't really be able to escape from the rest somehow randomly tunneling away. The universe is just like that sometimes.
In the same way, a small universe can randomly tunnel into a larger one. The amazing thing about Vilenkin's model is that even if you make the "little" universe as small as you like, this tunneling still can occur. It even works if the little universe has no size at all. You know what we call something with no size?
Prior to the Big Bang, the state of the universe was something that possessed (no fooling) zero size and for which time was essentially undefined. The universe then tunneled out of nothing into the expanding universe we know and love.
The problem is that the "nothing" that the universe popped out of wasn't really nothing. It had to know about quantum mechanics somehow, and we've always been taught to think that the physics is a property of the universe. It's troubling to think that the physics existed before the universe did, or, for that matter, before time did.
Of course, this is the basic problem with any definite origin for the universe. Somehow all of the complexity had to be created from nothing, and it's difficult to reconcile that.
The other possibility seems equally troubling. The universe might literally be eternal — or at least have an infinite history. While it's not clear what the theological implications of an infinite universe, we can at least try to figure out how an infinite universe might work.
Model #2: The Universe gave birth to itself
In 1998, J. Richard Gott and Li Xin Li, both then at Princeton, proposed a model in which the universe arose from what can only be described as a time machine. Gott and Li showed that it was possible to solve Einstein's equations of general relativity in such a way that a universe started off going around and around in a continuous loop, and that that loop could serve as the "trunk" of a tree that sprouted, giving rise to our own universe. Since a picture says a thousand words, let's illustrate with their own figure.Credit J.R. Gott and L.-X. Li
The way to read this image is that for the most part, time travels from bottom to top, and that everything begins with the little loop at the bottom. That is the origin of the universe. This means that the universe has no beginning, since the loop goes around and around infinitely.
We can talk about the "time after the Big Bang" as the time after the loop sprouted off into the future and a universe was born. You'll also notice that there isn't just a single horn coming out of the initial time loop, but many. This is totally consistent with the concept of a multiverse, just to add another level of speculative awesomeness to the discussion.
Model #3: This Is Not the First Universe
For a long time, cosmologists played around with the idea that the universe might ultimately collapse on itself. Then, in 1998, two teams discovered that the universe was accelerating, essentially demonstrating that we were way off base. You may also recall that these folks won the Nobel prize this year for their discovery.
Even though on the surface it doesn't look as though our universe will ultimately collapse under its own weight, there is still a great deal of allure to this picture. If the universe were somehow to end in a big crunch, then maybe what's really happening is that we'll eternally undergo a series of expansions and contractions, on and on for infinity. Our universe, in this case, is just one in an infinite series.
The problem with this (besides the fact that there is too little stuff in our universe to make it collapse again) is one of disorder. As we've discussed previously, the universe loves disorder. If you've ever stacked soda cans, there's only one way to stack them, and that's straight up. But if you knock them over, they go everywhere. There are more ways to destroy a soda can tower then there are to build one, and as time goes on, the universe finds ways of destroying all other forms of order, too.
If our universe was the result of a series of expansions and collapses, then our Big Bang occurred billions or trillions of years after some beginning (and what caused that?), so it would have had a very long time to get disordered. But it isn't. Looking back, our universe was very smooth, and in a very high state of order. This wouldn't solve the problem at all.
But in recent years, there have been a number of new cyclic models that allow an eternal universe to exist. In 2002, Paul Steinhardt, of Princeton University, and Neil Turok, of Cambridge, devised a model that exploits the extra dimensions found in string theory. String theory supposes that our universe might not be three-dimensional at all, but might have as many as ten spatial dimensions. Our own universe might simply live on a three-dimensional membrane (or "brane" for short) that is floating through the universe, barely interacting with the other universes.
However, the different branes (universes) could interact gravitationally. In this model, the dark energy that accelerates the universe isn't a real thing at all, but just a remnant of the gravitational attraction between branes, and the dark matter is just ordinary matter on the other, nearby brane. Occasionally the branes collide with one another, which would set off "Big Bangs" within the different branes and then everything would proceed as we've already seen.
These models are extremely elegant and deal with the whole "increase of disorder" problem in a really novel way. In cycle after cycle, the branes get more and more stretchy, which means that the disorder gets spread out over a larger and larger volume. The local patch that we call our universe, however, is just a small patch of the brane, so we seem to start nearly from scratch at each go-round. It sounds great, but a big problem is that these models require string theory to be correct, and on that the jury is definitely still out.
And there are even more models, some including extra dimensions, some include concepts like "loop quantum gravity," some infinite in time, and some with a definite duration. At the end of the day, the Big Bang theory has the same basic problem as evolutionary theory. Both do a nearly perfect job in explaining how the universe (or life) changed when it first came about, but neither can explain how things really got started in the first place.
This column was adapted from parts of Chapter 7 of A User's Guide to the Universe.
Dave Goldberg is the author, with Jeff Blomquist, of "A User's Guide to the Universe." (follow us on twitter, facebook, twitter or our blog.) He is an Associate Professor of Physics at Drexel University and is currently working on "The Universe in the Rearview Mirror," a new book all about symmetry that will be published by Dutton in 2013. Please send email to firstname.lastname@example.org with any questions about the universe.
Now, for those of you who like to obtain "all the news that's fit to print" from our very own NY Times, here is their interpretation of the question.
What Happened Before the Big Bang?
By DENNIS OVERBYE
Published: November 11, 2003
Published: November 11, 2003
Like baseball, in which three strikes make an out, three outs on a side make an inning, nine innings make a regular game, the universe makes its own time. There is no outside timekeeper. Space and time are part of the universe, not the other way around, thinkers since Augustine have said, and that is one of the central and haunting lessons of Einstein's general theory of relativity.
In explaining gravity as the ''bending'' of space-time geometry, Einstein's theory predicted the expansion of the universe, the primal fact of 20th-century astronomy. By imagining the expansion going backward, like a film in reverse, cosmologists have traced the history of the universe credibly back to a millionth of a second after the Big Bang that began it all.
But to ask what happened before the Big Bang is a little bit like asking who was on base before the first pitch was thrown out in a game, say between the Yankees and the Red Sox. There was no ''then'' then.
Still, this has not stopped some theorists with infinity in their eyes from trying to imagine how the universe made its ''quantum leap from eternity into time,'' as the physicist Dr. Sidney Coleman of Harvard once put it.
Some physicists speculate that on the other side of the looking glass of Time Zero is another universe going backward in time. Others suggest that creation as we know it is punctuated by an eternal dance of clashing island universes.
In their so-called quantum cosmology, Dr. Stephen Hawking, the Cambridge University physicist and author, and his collaborators envision the universe as a kind of self-contained entity, a crystalline melt of all possibilities existing in ''imaginary time.''
All these will remain just fancy ideas until physicists have married Einstein's gravity to the paradoxical quantum laws that describe behavior of subatomic particles. Such a theory of quantum gravity, scientists agree, is needed to describe the universe when it was so small and dense that even space and time become fuzzy and discontinuous. ''Our clocks and our rulers break,'' as Dr. Andrei Linde, a Stanford cosmologist likes to put it.
At the moment there are two pretenders to the throne of that ultimate theory. One is string theory, the putative ''theory of everything,'' which posits that the ultimate constituents of nature are tiny vibrating strings rather than points. String theorists have scored some striking successes in the study of black holes, in which matter has been compressed to catastrophic densities similar to the Big Bang, but they have made little progress with the Big Bang itself.
String's lesser-known rival, called loop quantum gravity, is the result of applying quantum strictures directly to Einstein's equations. This theory makes no pretensions to explaining anything but gravity and space-time. But recently Dr. Martin Bojowald of the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Golm, Germany, found that using the theory he could follow the evolution of the universe back past the alleged beginning point. Instead of having a ''zero moment'' of infinite density -- a so-called singularity -- the universe instead behaved as if it were contracting from an earlier phase, according to the theory, he said. As if the Big Bang were a big bounce.
Oh, there's one minor problem I have noted in all of the material I have read on Quantum Physics. None of it seems to shed any light on what happens to us after our filament burns out and we go dark. Maybe we need to consult one of our Quantum Physicists about that minor omission in their papers. Dr. Hawking . . .??? Dr. Einstein . . .Hello??? Anyone there???


Florida has a number of tourist attractions and has something to offer for any kind of traveler. Of the various things to do, you can check out the launch site of the United States called The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC).
The center once served as a base for all NASA human space flights and still runs rocket launch facilities for the civilian space program of the US government. KSC is situated on Merritt Island in Florida. Sprawling over 219 square miles, the center is 34 miles long and approximately 6 miles wide. Today, this facility happens to be one of the most popular tourist spots of the USA, attracting thousands of visitors from around USA and the rest of the world.
Today, KSC is one of the main holiday destinations in central Florida and is nearly one hour drive away from the Orlando area. You can go to Visitor Complex for a guided tour to the center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. You will have to follow the travel guide who will take you to the tour. A larger part of this facility has restricted access and only 9% of the land is open to visitors. The tour also includes a visit to a wildlife sanctuary.
Most of KSC‘s facilities are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its support facilities are situated in the KSC industrial area, which is 8 km (5 miles) south of LC-39. This area is dotted with the Operations and Checkout Building, the Headquarters Building, and the Central Instrumentation Facility. The center also includes a major radio communications and spacecraft tracking complex called the Merritt Island Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network station (MILA). Today, this center runs its individual short-line railroad.
Daily: 09:00 - 18:00
Florida 32899, United States
Phone: +1 321-867-5000
28° 31′ 26.61″ N,
80° 39′ 3.06″ W
Regular price: From $50.00


17/07/2019 · Asteroid 2006 QV89 was discovered during a close pass to Earth in August 2006. During the 10 days it was visible, scientists plotted its course and found that it had a one in 7,000 chance of hitting Earth 13 years later – on September 9, 2019. After that, the asteroid disappeared into the inky blackness of space and hasn't been seen since. 10/06/2019 · There's only a 1 in 7000 chance an asteroid will hit the Earth in September. "Urgent Priority Follow-Up Asteroid Approaching Earth!" If you ever see that headline,. There's only a 1 in 7000 chance an asteroid will hit the Earth in September 2019. A newly discovered asteroid designated 2019 OK is expected to flyby Earth at a distance of just 0.19 LD / 0.00048 AU 71 806 km / 44 618 miles at 01:22 UTC on July 25, 2019. This object is slightly bigger than today's 2019 OD, making it the larg. 04/09/2019 · Asteroid 2019 GT3 boasts a 1,214ft 370m diameter, making the space rock taller than the Eiffel Tower. Given the asteroid’s massive size and speed, 2019 GT3 could be capable of creating a 3 mile-wide crater should it collides with Earth. This makes the asteroid powerful enough to destroy an entire city during an impact event. While NASA classified it as a near-Earth object, but it will be at the closest point at 3 am at about 4.6 million miles. By default, if the asteroid collides with Earth, it could lead to massive destruction, Newsweek explained, which could cause an entire city to be obliterated.
Affermazione: NASA issued a warning that Earth could be hit by an asteroid around Christmas 2019. An asteroid big enough to kill millions of people is on its way to Earth but is expected to brush past, missing by a mere 25 million kilometers – a narrow distance by space standards, NASA said. The celestial object, called Asteroid 86666 2000 FL10, was first observed 16 years ago.
06/03/2019 · NASA is always keeping an eye on space rocks that get anywhere near Earth, and 2019 has been a relatively calm year in terms of close passes. A recently discovered asteroid is going to make a not-super-close pass of Earth later this week, and while it. And now, another such asteroid, named, Asteroid 2019 MT2, has been detected by NASA’s Center For Near Earth Object Studies CNEOS to be dangerously approaching towards Earth, and might even manage to hit our Earth. Asteroid 2019 MT2 Was Approaching Towards Earth. An Asteroid Hitting Earth, A Representation Image From YouTube. Asteroid 2019 MT2, created the same fear on the last day as it was nearing earth and expected to hit earth on 8th July, at 1:15 PM ST. What happens with it is still unknown. Washington-SANA. NASA expects two large asteroids to approach Earth simultaneously on September 14. Sputnik quoted NASA as saying: “One asteroid QW 7/2000 is between 290 and 650 meters in diameter, while the other asteroid CO 1/2010 is between 120 and 260 meters in diameter and will approach Earth at a distance of 5.3 million. 18/11/2019 · Since the asteroid follows an Earth-crossing orbit, 2019 UR2 has been categorized by NASA as a near-Earth object. This means that the asteroid is capable of approaching Earth at close distances. Because of this, it has been added to CNEOS' watch list, which monitors thousands of near-Earth asteroids that pose a threat to the planet.
18/07/2019 · Asteroid 2019 NJ2 was first observed on June 29 this year. CNEOS data says that the asteroid’s first recorded close approach happened in 1952 when the space rock flew near Venus. The CNEOS predicted that the asteroid 2019 NJ2 is expected to return to Earth. 27/11/2019 · There have been many asteroid sightings this year, these sightings reveal the asteroids that seem to be approaching the Earth. NASA recently spotted an asteroid traveling at a fast rate towards Earth with an expected approach sometime after the Christmas season. Express reports that NASA’s. Research teams in Brazil and the United States didn’t discover that 2019 OK was approaching until less than a week before it passed by. Astronomers didn’t release information about how big the asteroid was or where it was heading until mere hours before it flew by Earth. Are there ways to save Earth from an incoming asteroid? 18/03/2019 · “NASA” warns of a large asteroid approaching Earth. March 18, 2019. Share on Facebook. Tweet on Twitter. Photo: JAXA. UNITED STATES VOP TODAY NEWS — The giant asteroid “EA2” will pass closer to the Earth at a distance less than that between Earth and the moon, the US space agency NASA said on its Web site.
More than one asteroid per year may be listed if its geocentric distance is within a tenth of the lunar distance, or 0.10 LD. For comparison, since a satellite in a geostationary orbit has an altitude of about 36,000 km 22,000 mi, then its geocentric distance is 0.11 LD approximately three times the width of the Earth. 13/10/2019 · NASA’s asteroid tracker has detected a space rock that’s currently headed towards Earth. According to the space agency’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies CNEOS, the asteroid is approaching Earth at a speed of almost 24,000 miles per hour. The approaching asteroid has been identified by CNEOS as 2019 TA7.
Asteroid AG3 missed the Earth by more than three million miles 4.9 million km, 12.86 times the distance from Earth to the moon, which may be considered a narrow miss on the cosmic scale, especially given the speed of space rocks.A giant asteroid dubbed Asteroid 2019 AG3, a massive space rock, flew past Earth on Monday Jan 14, 2019, in the. A “potentially dangerous” asteroid that is larger than the Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Cheops Pyramid, will approach the Earth at the end of August, NASA data show this. The diameter of the asteroid 2019 OU1 is 160 meters, which is 20 meters more than the most famous Egyptian pyramid. Asteroids zooming past Earth at rapid speeds are no more rare phenomena as before. Just last week, a huge space rock named Asteroid 2006 QQ23 which was categorised ''potentially hazardous'', flew by Earth at a speed of 10,400 miles per hour and now another asteroid called 2019 OU1 is expected to perform a flyby this month. One of the biggest space rocks will make its close approach to Earth on May 25, 2019. Classified as a potentially hazardous object, this asteroid is expected to flyby our planet at a speed of 21.5 km/s. Observers will have a great opportunity to see an oblate shaped object.
The approaching asteroid 162082 belongs to the Apollo group, which knows more than five thousand objects. An asteroid measuring between 400 meters and one kilometer is flying towards Earth, according to NASA's Center for near-Earth Object Research. It is noted that the celestial body will approach the planet as much as possible on October 25. Asteroid FT3, will pass by our planet on October 3, 2019. The risk of its collision with the Earth is estimated as low, but if the asteroid deviates from the course, it will go straight to Earth and then the results can be catastrophic.
24/09/2019 · An asteroid Space rock identified as 1998 HL1 is dangerously approaching close to Earth on October 25, 2019. The space rock measures about 3,248-feet. NASA’s CNEOS has classified asteroid 1998 HL1 as ‘potentially hazardous’ space rock. Asteroid Bigger Than the Eiffel Tower Approaching Earth at 20 Times the Speed of Sound from Sputnik News The object, which was discovered in 2006, intersects Earth’s orbit twice a year and is described as “potentially hazardous” due to its. Giant asteroid approaching Earth August 10 NASA’s Near-Earth Objects Study Center revealed CNEOS, said a large asteroid larger than the Empire State Building in New York would approach Earth later thi KUWAIT. 11/10/2019 · Four asteroids are approaching Earth on Saturday. This has been an asteroid-filled week with seven more are set to approach Earth over the weekend, and four of them are confirmed to have a close-approach on Saturday. These asteroids are named 2019 TN1, 2019 SK8, 2019 SV9, and 2019 SE2. 19/07/2019 · A possible threat is approaching the Earth today. According to NASA, an asteroid named '2019 NJ2' is expected to come very close to the earth. If reports are to be believed, the asteroid is bigger than Italy's Leaning Tower of Pisa. Read further to know more.
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The artistic production of Belgian composer Elizabeth Anderson (b. 1960) comprises acousmatic, mixed, and radiophonic works as well as works for multimedia and sound installations, and has been performed in international venues for over thirty years. It is the fascination with space, whether on the scale of the universe (macrocosm) or cellular life (microcosm), and the expression of this realm through sound, that is among her primary motivations for choosing to compose with electroacoustic techniques. She sees in this medium a rich and powerful way not only to convey to the listener these opposite realms and their strong complementarities, but also to share with the audience her imaginary world which she translates and develops through her music. Elizabeth Anderson’s music has been honored in international competitions: ASCAP-SEAMUS (USA, 2001), Bourges (France, 1994), CIMESP(Brazil, 1995, ’01, ’03, and ’07), Città di Udine (Italy, 2004), Métamorphoses (Belgium, 2004), Musica Nova (Czech Republic, 2008, and ’15), Noroit-Léonce Petitot (France, 1998), Stockholm Electronic Arts Award (Sweden, 1994), IREM (2002), and Pierre Schaeffer Competition of Electronic Music (Italy, 2007). She has received commissions from the Groupe de recherches musicales (GRM, France), Musiques & Recherches (Belgium), La chambre d’écoute (Belgium), as well as from the Dutch photographer Zjuul Devens.
Solar Winds (2012) incorporates acoustic translations of electromagnetic phenomena that are produced by the Earth as well as other astronomical phenomena. According to the composer, the idea for the work “sprang from a desire to honor the astronomers of the ancient Mayan culture and their worship of the Sun at a time that marks the completion of one Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and the beginning of another. After an initial examination of several astronomical events, my interest centered on the relationship that solar winds, streams of charged particles emanating from the Sun, might have with the Earth’s magnetosphere. According to James Dungey’s open magnetosphere model, interplanetary field lines, which emanate from the Sun and are carried by solar winds, connect indeed with Earth’s magnetic field lines when they strike the Earth’s magnetosphere. I found this model to offer an intriguing starting point for the sonorization of these non-sounding events via the acousmatic medium. Solar Winds incorporates acoustic translations of electromagnetic phenomena that are produced by the Earth as well as other astronomical phenomena, and constitutes an imaginary celestial aural journey from the perspective of the listener who is Earth.”


New App for iOS and Android - Sun to Moon Sleep Clock
Posted in Technology on Friday, 25th October 2013 at 3:28PM
Sun to Moon Sleep Clock is an interactive Childrens night clock that I developed to use with our own children in an attempt to make bedtime more fun and consistent. With a star countdown, visualised sunrise, collectable snooze coins and sleep rewards, the idea is to make it easier for kids to understand how far through the night they are and to create an incentive for them to stay in bed till morning.
In its simplest form you just set the wake-up time and click the 'Good night' button to switch the clock to night mode, but there are options for setting sleep sounds, alarm sounds, dimming, reading time etc.. depending on your requirements. You can also customise the Sun and Moon artwork by collecting Snooze Coins which can be exchanged in the Sun and Moon shops for hairstyles, accessories, face paint and lots more.
All the artwork used in the app is custom made by me in a style that has evolved from my painting style and I will continue to create more items whenever I get time, so feel free to email me with suggestions!
Sun to Moon Sleep Clock is available for Android, Amazon and iOS devices. Full details can be found at msibley.com/sleep-clock or you can download it using the links below:


Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson gave the Mount Union community just a sneak-peek of his wisdom at the Schooler Lecture on March 24.
In his speech, “10 Things You Should Know About the Universe,” Tyson recited some of the facts that he finds most important about not just the world, not just the galaxy, but about everything in space.
10 ) The Universe has a shipload of stars.
Tyson tried to illustrate the number of stars in the universe for the audience. The number one-sextillion is hard to imagine, but Tyson’s explanation painted a picture in everyone’s minds.
9) The Universe is bad for your ego.
Some people fail to realize the size of the universe. He explained the earth’s size in comparison to sun spots, the solar system, the universe and he went as far as to describe the “multiverse” it is all a part of.
8) The universe is like a time machine.
“The farther away you look,” stated Tyson, “the farther back in time you see.” He then elaborated to let the crowd understand that the speed of light travel affects when the eye can see it.
7) The Universe is big; molecules are small.
It is hard to imagine the true size of the universe. Tyson’s breakdown of the universe gave the audience a glimpse of the reality of everything’s true size.
6) Earth wants to kill you; The Universe wants to kill you.
After shocking the audience with this point, he calmed everyone down by explaining that there are always going to be natural disasters. Luckily, mankind has learned how to cope with these happenings and technology is only helping.
5) Earth might not be the origin of life.
As more and more research is being conducted, scientists are finding other means of life to add on to the question, “where did we come from?”
4) Carbon: life as we know it; life as we don’t know it.
Contrary to the common belief that oxygen is the most important element, Tyson reassured the audience that carbon comes first. The earth has carbon-based life, for it is the most fertile element of them all.
3) Life is of The Universe.
2) The Universe is of life.
Two of the points Tyson made went hand in hand with each other. The elements on earth, such as carbon and oxygen, are just as important as the elements in the universe.
1) The Universe is alive within us.
Tyson ended with a strong point where he explained that the universe is indeed everywhere.
His friendly personality and sense of humor fit alongside perfectly with his knowledge of the universe. While some facts may have been hard to comprehend at first, Tyson’s witty comments made each subject entertaining and easy to understand.
The standing ovation Tyson received following the lecture proved that the audience found the evening to be an incredible experience.


American astronomer Maria Mitchell is celebrated in today's Google Doodle. Born 195 years ago today, she discovered a new comet in 1847, which later became known as Miss Mitchell's Comet.
The Doodle primarily depicts Mitchell the night she discovered the new comet bearing her name. Google's special logo forgoes the usual thick lettering for a thinner version of the Google font, in slightly faded colors.
Mitchell is shown on a rooftop, which partially eclipses the G and the two Google Os. She's peering into a telescope, representing the L in Google.
An observatory dome can be seen to the right of the house, slightly covering the Google E. A starry night with trails of comets appears throughout the background.
Mitchell periodically went up on her roof with the family's 2-inch telescope to "sweep the heavens," according to her journal entries. On October 1, 1847, she discovered a streak in her telescope. She continued to monitor its movement and two days later, its discovery was recorded to in a letter to Cambridge University.
While others around the world had observed the comet as well, her journal entries and tracking showed she was the first to notice it. Her journaling would later lead to determining the orbit of the comet.
At the time, only a handful of comets were known to mankind. But King Frederick VI of Denmark offered a prize every time a new comet was discovered. Her discovery earned her a gold medal from the king of Denmark and immediate international attention.
Mitchell marveled at the colors of the night sky. In a journal entry dated February 1855, she noted: "I amused myself with noticing the varieties of color. I wonder that I have so long been insensible to this charm in the skies, the tints of the different stars are so delicate in their variety.... What a pity that some of our manufacturers shouldn't be able to steal the secret of dyestuffs from the stars."
In 1865, Mitchell was appointed the Vassar College faculty, making her the first female astronomy professor in the United States and the first person ever appointed to their faculty. Additionally, she was appointed director of the Vassar College Observatory.
Throughout her career, she observed numerous sunspots, comets, nebulae, stars, and the moons for both Saturn and Jupiter. Believing observation was most important aspect of learning, she took her students across the U.S. to Colorado in 1878 to observe a total solar eclipse.
After realizing her pay was less than that of her male counterparts, she successfully demanded an increase in her salary. She co-founded the American Association for the Advancement of Women and was an avid protestor for the women's suffrage movement and anti-slavery movement. In 1994, she was posthumously inducted to the National Women's Hall of Fame.
In 1908, The Maria Mitchell Observatory was founded and named in her honor in her hometown of Nantucket. The Mitchell Crater on the moon is also named in her honor. Her telescope is on display at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History.
Article Post @ Search Engine Watch


We come across a triple 8 in today’s numerology, as 2015 adds up to 8. This is the sign of a breach that allows us to move from one cycle into another. It is time for endings, beginnings, and fortune reversals. Clashes might occur, but only in order to break apart what has been stale for a while. We have a trigger point today which will propel changes and adjustments that will unfold throughout the month. As the door opens up for new beginnings, expand your mind into endless possibilities. Rely on beauty, step into faith and the power of belief, and sing your dreams into reality.
It is conspicuous that we are having a Blood Moon or Red Moon today and the Color of the Day is True Red. Total lunar eclipses are called Blood Moon because the Moon is not completely obscured by the Earth, rather some rays of the Sun are able to reach it and they give it a reddish tone. This is the 3rd one in a Tetrad, that is, a series of 4 consecutive total lunar eclipses. A significant window opens up today until the last eclipse of the Tetrad on September 28. Use it as a time frame for a project or a deadline for the ending of a cycle and beginning of another, as it will provide opportunity for a major turning point.
The number 4 (Tetrad) is also very present on the date today – 4/4/2015 (=8=4+4). It relates to the color red as they are both very grounding and stabilizing. When we have different elements coming together in unison like today, it makes the energy particularly special and important, for they comprise a cohesive theme as they amplify each other.
The energy can get very intense and emotional around lunar eclipses, so make good use of the color red and the number 4 to keep yourself centered and grounded as you harvest the eclipse’s energy.
Check also the Astrology and Tarot readings for today’s Lunar Eclipse.
Intuitive take on “Color of the Day – Colorstrology by Michele Bernhardt”


Don’t let the title of this blog fool you! While we may consider our Houston moving company team all-stars, this party is for the real thing. Stars, as in massive, luminous spheres of plasma held together by gravity, are an incredible sight to behold on a clear, spring night, especially deep in the heart of Texas (we couldn’t resist). Stargazing from a pasture is a common cow pastime, that many herds enjoy; however, sometimes humans forget to go outside and look up!
The Star Party will take place at, appropriately enough, Lone Star College-Montgomery. Astronomy professor Dr. Aaron Clevenson will give a special family-friendly presentation on “Things that Go Bump in the Night-Cosmic Calamities” on Wednesday, April 17 at 7 PM. An outdoor viewing of the nighttime sky from the college’s soccer field will follow. Children and adults can participate in a treasure hunt for stars, star clusters, stellar evolution, constellations, and supernovas. Everyone who completes the treasure hunt will be eligible for door prizes! This is a great opportunity to take advantage of a free astronomy lecture and attend a kid-friendly event. Tell us what you find in the star treasure hunt on our FaceBook page!
For more information:http://www.thewoodlands.net/newspub_com/story.cfm?ID=8336


KATHMANDU: NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California has received a message from Mars. The message was sent by NASA’s Ingenuity helicopter to Mars.
The helicopter is currently in the Jejero Crater at 18.38 77 N 77.58 according to the 30 available map series of Mars, the Syrtis Major Quadrangle. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrology Research Program has a map of Mars with longitudes 270 ° to 315 ° west and latitudes 0 ° to 30 ° north.
‘Jejero’ means lake in Bosnian. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a small town called Jejero. Scientists believe that there used to be a river in this part of Mars. Later, the river dried up and became a lake, and this area of Mars became a delta.
The name of this place on Mars is Jezero Crater, the word used for the lake in the Bosnian language. The Jejero Crater has a diameter of 49 km. NASA had scheduled the 2020 landing site of its Mars mission in 2018.
This time, NASA planned to land its state-of-the-art rover Perseverance in the Jezero crater on Mars. NASA planned to launch the rover to Mars on July 30, 2020, and the rover traveled nearly 200 days to reach Jezero Crater on February 18, 2021.
Helicopter Ingenity sent a message to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory about its health and said it was ready for the next mission. Within a few days, Ingenuity set a record by flying. If the Ingenuity flight is successful, it will be the first such event on the surface of any celestial body other than Earth.
To date, there have been no attempts to fly helicopters anywhere other than on Earth. No attempt has been made to fly a helicopter to the moon, which has been reached by humans six times.
Ingenuity said in the message that it and Rover Perseverance were working on their base station plan. This helicopter will be ‘attached’ to the rover for 30 days. The Rover Perseverance has an electrical box that secures the communication between the helicopter Ingenuity and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as well as ensures the helicopter’s route and landing.
Mission Control, 200 million km from California, tries to protect the helicopter from the extreme cold of Mars. The daytime temperature on Mars is 20 degrees Celsius, but the nights here are very cold minus 87 degrees Celsius. And, again, Mars, like Earth, has 24,622 hours (23 hours 56 minutes a day on Earth). Night comes in 12 hours. Scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory have to turn on the heater in the helicopter as the temperature rises.
Batteries are attached to the helicopter to operate the heater. The battery should also be charged. Helicopters are currently being powered by Rover Perseverance. But once the helicopter exits the rover’s base station on its flight, it recharges its energy from the sun.
For this, solar panels are connected in it. After the flight, it lands and returns to the base station to rest. This time NASA’s ‘Rover Perseverance’ is a machine powered by ‘nuclear power’. For the first time, nuclear power is being used anywhere other than on Earth in this American Mars mission.
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory plans to fly the helicopter 30 days after Mars, or 30 days after Sol Day or Martian Day. A day on Mars is a few minutes longer than Earth, that is, 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35.244 seconds (about 43 minutes longer than Earth).
For 30 days on Mars, Ingenity stays in the electrical box at the helicopter base station, Rover Perseverance, to prepare for the first flight. According to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, if the helicopter could take off and fly in the skies of Mars for a few minutes, they would consider it 90 percent successful. And, if the helicopter can take off, fly and spend a few minutes in the sky of Mars and successfully land at the base station, four other flights will also be operated.
The helicopter is equipped with a number of cameras, microphones and other scientific instruments to record sound. The helicopter can also interact with scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For the first time, scientists are going to fly a helicopter to a place other than Earth. Scientists are getting very excited and excited about this. It is not known whether the helicopter can fly under atmospheric pressure above the surface of Mars.
Of course, before this American Mars mission, the United States has already landed its four rovers ‘Sojourner’, ‘Opportunity’, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Curiosity’ on Mars. The first American expedition, the Viking 1, landed on Mars on July 20, 1976. Launched on August 20, 1975, Viking 1 took 11 months to reach Mars.
Shortly afterwards, Viking 2 landed on Mars on September 3, 1976. All the failed American attempts before this and all the successful American after this


Our homeschooling group organized some visits to a local school who had the Cosmodome show running. I’d never heard of it before, and there was a HUGE response.
We went on Thursday last week – it was a dreary afternoon, chilly and drizzly, so the kids made the most of the mostly empty hall to hoon around in and play games before we got started. It was a great way to burn off some energy before heading into the dome and sitting down for a chunk of time.
I wasn’t really sure what to expect, but I was super excited! We all piled in through the squishy door and sat down. The dome was surprisingly spacious on the inside and there was plenty of room. We started off by singing twinkle twinkle little star, and as we sang, the stars came up in the sky. It was pretty cool!
I didn’t take photos inside, so you’ll just have to trust me. I was more interested in having the experience myself, and sharing it with my kids. Ivy lay on the floor for most of it, while Natalie moved back and forth between me and one of her favourite adults. Lauren rested her head on my leg for chunks of it, and danced for other parts (they played Daft Funks ‘Around the World’ on our trip back to earth from the far reaches of the universe).
Natalie’s favourite part was when the dome was covered with constellations with the images of them overlaying (so, a scorpio, and Orion, etc), while Lauren and Ivy both liked the simulations best. I was really impressed by how well it was done – it really did feel like we were floating in zero gravity. Very cool. The kids are looking forward to visiting the observatory on a clear night now, and Ivy was creating her own constellations yesterday and flicking through the star book I got a few months ago. We’re planning on making our solar system at some point, and doing some star art.


On September 15, 2017 the NASA and ESA Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn ended when the probe was incinerated in the gas giant’s atmosphere. RT.com looks back at Cassini’s epic Grand Finale plunge prior to its fiery death.
Cassini blasted off from Earth on October 15, 1997. After a near-seven-year journey, it arrived at its destination, some 93 million miles from home. Yet it wasn’t until April 2017 that it began its final descent into Saturn. The Grand Finale began on April 26, when the intrepid probe went where nothing from Earth had gone before, dramatically diving between the planet and its vast ring system a total of 22 times.
Using its dish-shaped antenna as a shield against potentially-damaging space particles Cassini plunged through the gap.
As Cassini crossed Saturn’s ring plane it collected data using its Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument which is so sensitive it can detect the impact of minute dust particles touching off the spacecraft.
On April 27, NASA released stunning images of a giant hurricane on Saturn and the closest-ever photos of the planet’s atmosphere.
Then in early May, the space agency released an incredible movie of the probe’s first dive. It depicts the observations made as the spacecraft passed southward over Saturn on April 26.
The dive presented scientists with some interesting data, namely that the region appears to be relatively dust-free. It also marked the closest a spacecraft has ever been to Saturn. The footage shows Cassini’s journey, beginning with a swirling vortex at the planet’s north pole before moving past the outer boundary of the hexagon-shaped jet stream and beyond.
Cassini’s altitude above the clouds dropped from 45,000 to 4,200 miles (72,400 to 6,700km) as the movie frames were captured, decreasing the smallest resolvable features in the atmosphere from 5.4 miles (8.7km) per pixel to 0.5 miles (810 meters) per pixel.
But it wasn’t just images Cassini sent back, the spacecraft also beamed back an eerie empty recording of the space between Saturn’s rings. The recording, which was made on April 26, consists of mainly static with some erratic pings, signalling to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory that the area between Saturn’s rings consists of much less space dust than previously believed.
On May 7, Cassini’s two onboard cameras captured stunning images showing methane gas clouds swirling over the lakes and seas of the moon, Titan. The snap was taken from 316,000 miles (508,500km) above the moon’s surface. The dark regions in the images depict Titan’s hydrocarbon sea and smaller pockets of liquid methane.
Throughout the Grand Finale the probe continued to surprise scientists with new information. In July, with Cassini in it’s 15th of 22 orbits, data sent back caused scientists to rethink their understanding of magnetic fields after observations revealed that the one belonging to Saturn has no discernable tilt.
Until then scientists held the belief that for planets to generate magnetic fields, there must be a tilt between its rotation axis and its magnetic field axis. This was considered necessary to sustain currents flowing through the liquid metal deep inside the planets – which in Saturn's case is thought to be liquid metallic hydrogen.
Without the tilt, it was understood that the currents would eventually subside and the field would disappear (exposing the planet to a host of threats). This new finding from Cassini's magnetometer instrument is directly at odds with this theoretical analysis, however data indicated that Saturn’s magnetic field is surprisingly well-aligned with the planet’s rotation axis.
On August 14, Cassini entered its endgame when completing the first of five close flybys of Saturn and, in the process, becoming “the first Saturn atmospheric probe.” As it continued its terminal descent, at the end of August, it sent back information – this time revealing that Saturn’s rings may be far younger than previously thought.
On September 14, the day before its fiery death, NASA released some of Cassini’s final images. The spacecraft made its last mission photo at 12:58pm on Thursday September 14 – an observation of where the spacecraft would enter Saturn’s atmosphere.
Three days previously it captured a photo of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon, named Goodbye Kiss, during its last, distant flyby.
Cassini began its final descent into the dark heart of the solar system’s second biggest planet on Friday, September 15. At about 07:55 EDT (11:55 GMT) the probe dove into the planet’s atmosphere, sending back information up until the last moment before eventually burning up in the atmosphere.
The gifts kept coming, however. On October 30, NASA released this amazing picture of Saturn’s northern hemisphere, taken by Cassini on April 25. The spacecraft had been waiting 13 years to catch Saturn’s north pole illuminated in all its glory – as it neared the summer solstice.
By the end of its life Cassini had observed almost half of a Saturn year, which is equivalent to 29 Earth years. The findings of the most distant planetary orbiter ever launched have revolutionized humans’ understanding of the eerily beautiful Saturnian system, and will continue to do so for years to come as scientists unpack more of the secrets learned by Cassini.
The post How Cassini's haunting Grand Finale unlocked Saturn’s secrets (VIDEOS) appeared first on News Wire Now.


The Jantar Mantar situated at Sansad Marg between Connaught Place and
Rashtrapati Bhavan New Delhi, Jantar Mantar is one of the five
observatories built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler and
founder of Jaipur, in India. Smaller than the one at Jaipur, it is
still astonishing because of its capability to make accurate
calculations of many astronomical movements. Constructed in 1724, the
giant abstract masonry instruments of Jantar Mantar are the evident of
the technological genius of the times in the field of astronomy. Jai
Singh was a keen astronomer and a noble in the Mughal court.
Vast red and white sloping stone structures hover over palm trees and
neat flower beds – The giant sundials are vast red and white sloping
stone structures hover over palm trees and neat flower beds. They cast
the shadows, which were formerly used to calculate time, lunar and
solar calendars, time as wells astrological movements, all with an
incredible degree of accuracy.
He was dissatisfied by the brass and metal astronomical instruments
and decided to correct and update the astronomical records with more
accurate instruments. He built five Jantar Mantars in India,
Delhi was built with a view to help the practicing astronomers in
observing the movements of the Sun, Moon and all other planets. The
relevance of this science would then be introduced to the general
The Sun dial here dominates the par and is also known as the Samrat
Yantra or Brihat Samrat yantra – the huge sundial. A striking
structure in yellow on the right side, it has a 27m high arm adjusted
at an angle of 27 degrees. The other yantras in this observatory are
used to observe the various stars and planets. The Mishra Yantra helps
to determine the longest and shortest days in the year. In December,
one pillar overshadows the other and in June, it does not cast any
shadow at all.
When compared to others, this observatory is the largest and the best
preserved today. But, after its erection in 1724, it remained
functional only for seven years. Observations made each day were noted
down and later a chart called Zij Muhammad Shahi was prepared. This
was then dedicated to the reigning monarch. Many experts in this field
are of the view that these observatories fell into disuse, because of
lack of thought on the part of the king. The original name Yantra
(instrument) mantra (formula) has been corrupted to Jantar Mantar.
Jantar Mantar is one of the top attractions of Delhi. It draws a
stream of visitors all round the year. With hotels of Delhi you can
have the glimpse of the astronomical advancement India had made in
The famous 18th century astronomer king and the founder of the Pink
city of Jaipur, Sawai Jai Singh, built the first of his five
astronomical observatories across India.
The observatories are known as Jantar Mantar which derives it name
from the corruptions of the words ‘yantra’ (instrument) ‘mantra’
(formula) over the period.


Every 11 years the Sun goes through a period of intense solar activity when its north and south magnetic poles switch places. During this time of high solar activity, enormous amounts of energy are released in the form of solar eruptions that can interfere with satellites and GPS, affect radio communications, and, more positively, result in magnificent displays of Northern Lights in the sky. In fact, we’re going through one of these active periods right now. No one knows exactly why the Sun does this, and it’s a mystery that scientists like Dr Laura Hayes at the European Space Agency (ESA) would like to unravel.
Laura is a Research Fellow at ESA, and says one of the great benefits of having an ESA fellowship is that you “write a proposal and have full ownership of the project, which really gives you an excellent opportunity to grow as a scientist.” She’s working on the Solar Orbiter mission, a spacecraft specially designed to withstand extreme temperatures that’s flying around the Sun as you read this. Solar Orbiter was launched in February 2020 and has 10 instruments on board which send data and images back to Earth. It’s taking images of the atmosphere of the Sun and probing the solar wind, which consists of electrically charged gas (called plasma), and the heliosphere near the Sun. The solar wind fills the heliosphere, a kind of magnetic bubble enveloping our solar system, which is caused by the Sun’s magnetic field. Laura explains, “Solar Orbiter is actually going in an orbit very close to the Sun, within the orbit of Mercury, so we’re getting the closest images of the Sun ever to date.” In March this year, Solar Orbiter made its closest pass yet, coming within 48 million kilometres of the Sun (the Earth is 150 million kilometres away), venturing into uncharted territory.
Laura is particularly interested in data from Solar Orbiter related to solar flares – massive explosions in the Sun’s atmosphere. She says, “When you have these solar flares, they’re often accompanied by an ejection of plasma and magnetic field away from the Sun, known as a solar eruption. When a solar flare occurs, a big burst of radiation is emitted from the Sun across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves all the way up to X-rays. This happens over 10 minutes to an hour or so.” As an observational solar physicist, she uses data from both ground- and space-based observatories across multiple wavelengths to understand the physics of what’s happening in these solar flares. A Solar Orbiter instrument called STIX gives her data on X-rays which are emitted during solar flares. Laura’s particularly interested in timing analysis, looking for oscillations and timing signatures in the flare sites as these give information about the type of energy release that’s occurred.
This summer, Laura and another research fellow are planning to extend this research to stellar flares from stars other than the Sun and take on an intern to work on the project. She’s appreciative that she can attend mentor training sessions in preparation for her new supervisory role. This project arose because ESA places a strong emphasis on networking and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, not only internally, but also externally with colleagues around the world. She feels that there’s a lot more interdisciplinary communication at ESA compared with other places she’s worked. She says “I work with people who study Mars or focus on extragalactic things, and I’m in seminars with those colleagues. ESA really makes an effort to create a network for all the research fellows.”
Another thing Laura values is that there’s a real emphasis on career development and developing new skills at ESA. As part of this, fellows can choose to spend up to 20 percent of their time away from their research on other ESA science-related activities like getting involved in planning and operations of projects, citizen science, communications, or testing data archives. ESA is keen for external scientists to explore their data and has a policy of making all of its research and patents available to European citizens.
Laura joined ESA at the end of last year and has only positive things to say about working there. “It’s an exciting place to be. Everyone is very nice, and it’s great being in such an international environment. A good work-life balance is really encouraged, which I think is so important in academia. And I like the way you can get involved if you want to learn more about something that’s not really in your research area. You can also help out with organising seminars and have a hands-on role in staff associations and things like that, so you really do feel part of the ESA community as a fellow.”
Dr. Laura Hayes is a Research Fellow at the European Space Agency (ESA). Her project will take advantage of the new and unique observations from ESA’s Solar Orbiter. Laura will use these to make new discoveries about the true nature and underpinning physical mechanisms of time-dependent signatures in solar flare emission.


Maybe tomorrow we can talk about the stars,
and how they slipped from my fingers
when I traced my hand across the sky.
We’ll measure the distance between
Jupitar and Mars,
determining how far it is between
my heart and yours.
We’ll fill a cup with the nebulous reasons
the stars are falling from the sky,
package them in rainbows, and
shuttle them to another galaxy.
Maybe life on another planet will
reassemble my heart before it turns
into a supernova.
Maybe you won’t see it from where
you are, the dust particles blocking your view.
It may be your attention will be too focused
on a new star formation to notice.
Perhaps we’ll drift and one day meet
at the Great Attractor.
Or, if I’m lucky, I’ll be swallowed
by a black hole.


We’ll experience the November new moon in Scorpio (11:02 a.m. EST, Nov. 7) through a misty lens as the luminaries align with dreamy Neptune, god of the sea. With Jupiter ready to leave the still water sign, Scorpio, we’re presented with a profound moment to pause, take stock, review and gain closure for the events of 2018. The water element aligns us with the emotional realms, but we can also leverage earthy practicality (thanks to Pluto in Capricorn), affirming what the future holds.
On the 8th, lucky Jupiter moves into Sagittarius (the Archer’s sign) for a 13-month cycle, but with Mercury retrograde from Saturday the 17th, we’re not ready to fully engage the stick shift and commit to a gear change. Note, however, in the last week of the month, the sun will highlight the overarching sentiments of the year ahead with a spotlight on the Centaur’s arrows.
The full moon peaks awkwardly on Nov. 23 (12:39 a.m. EST) — conversations could feel extra challenging on this bristling day.
Originally posted on StyleCaster.


Do you remember the thrill you experienced the first time you saw Jupiter or Saturn through a telescope? If so, Gas Giants is a must for your iOS library! Gas Giants lets you peer through a simulated telescope to observe Jupiter and Saturn and…..
Rated 4/5 based on 3 customer reviews.
A nice app!
Robert Garner write:
I totally agree with the previous post...a very useful app as it is not easy knowing which moon(s) are actually visible through your telescope. The ability to change the viewing time, and thereby determine when Jupiter's Great Red Spot is visible, is very nice. The info page could be vastly improved by providing physical details and interesting facts/space mission info about each planet. Thus, 4 stars and not 5.
Works as advertised
Not much to this simple, but useful app. It's accuracy and ease of use is what we have come to expect from Software Bisque - and they did not disappoint. Want to know how to plan your viewing session so that you will get a chance at seeing Jupiter's Great Red Spot; or do you want to know which moon is transiting the planet at this very moment - or at anytime during your planned observing session? Then this app is for you. It allows customization so that the screen view can simulate, to a point, views seen though your eyepiece. It's a little gem from a fine company.
Jupiter in your pocket
This app does the job and shows details that are difficult to achieve within the more complex planetarium programs where the planets are an afterthought. Perfect for those public outreach events where viewers ask "What moon is that?". Also useful to quickly visualize an entire evening's events for shadow transits and eclipses.
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