Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after the Roman god of war, Mars. It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the highest known mountain within the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, the largest canyon. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature.
Until the first flyby of Mars occurred in 1965, by Mariner 4, many speculated about the presence of liquid water on the planet's surface. This was based on observed periodic variations in light and dark patches, particularly in the polar latitudes, which appeared to be seas and continents; long, dark striations were interpreted by some as irrigation channels for liquid water. These straight line features were later explained as optical illusions, yet of all the planets in the Solar System other than Earth, Mars is the most likely to harbor liquid water, and thus to harbor life. Geological evidence gathered by unmanned missions suggest that Mars once had large-scale water coverage on its surface, while small geyser-like water flows may have occurred during the past decade. In 2005, radar data revealed the presence of large quantities of water ice at the poles, and at mid-latitudes. The Phoenix lander directly sampled water ice in shallow Martian soil on July 31, 2008.
Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Martian Trojan asteroid. Mars is currently host to three functional orbiting spacecraft: Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. On the surface are the two Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity) and several inert landers and rovers, both successful and unsuccessful. The Phoenix lander completed its mission on the surface in 2008. Observations by NASA's now-defunct Mars Global Surveyor show evidence that parts of the southern polar ice cap have been receding.
Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye. Its apparent magnitude reaches −3.0 a brightness surpassed only by Venus, the Moon, and the Sun.
Mars has approximately half the radius of Earth. It is less dense than Earth, having about 15% of Earth's volume and 11% of the mass. Its surface area is only slightly less than the total area of Earth's dry land. While Mars is larger and more massive than Mercury, Mercury has a higher density. This results in the two planets having a nearly identical gravitational pull at the surface—that of Mars is stronger by less than 1%. Mars is also roughly intermediate in size, mass, and surface gravity between Earth and Earth's Moon (the Moon is about half the diameter of Mars, whereas Earth is twice; the Earth is about nine times more massive than Mars, and the Moon one-ninth as massive). The red-orange appearance of the Martian surface is caused by iron(III) oxide, more commonly known as hematite, or rust
Based on orbital observations and the examination of the Martian meteorite collection, the surface of Mars appears to be composed primarily of basalt. Some evidence suggests that a portion of the Martian surface is more silica-rich than typical basalt, and may be similar to andesitic rocks on Earth; however, these observations may also be explained by silica glass. Much of the surface is deeply covered by finely grained iron(III) oxide dust.
Although Mars has no evidence of a current structured global magnetic field, observations show that parts of the planet's crust have been magnetized, and that alternating polarity reversals of its dipole field have occurred in the past. This paleomagnetism of magnetically susceptible minerals has properties that are very similar to the alternating bands found on the ocean floors of Earth. One theory, published in 1999 and re-examined in October 2005 (with the help of the Mars Global Surveyor), is that these bands demonstrate plate tectonics on Mars four billion years ago, before the planetary dynamo ceased to function and caused the planet's magnetic field to fade away.
Current models of the planet's interior imply a core region about 1,480 km in radius, consisting primarily of iron with about 14–17% sulfur. This iron sulfide core is partially fluid, and has twice the concentration of the lighter elements than exist at Earth's core. The core is surrounded by a silicate mantle that formed many of the tectonic and volcanic features on the planet, but now appears to be inactive. The average thickness of the planet's crust is about 50 km, with a maximum thickness of 125 km. Earth's crust, averaging 40 km, is only one third as thick as Mars’ crust, relative to the sizes of the two planets.
During the Solar system formation, Mars was created out of the protoplanetary disk that orbited the Sun as the result of a stochastic process of run-away accretion. Mars has many distinctive chemical features caused by its position in the Solar System. Elements with comparatively low boiling points such as chlorine, phosphorus and sulphur are much more common on Mars than Earth; these elements were probably removed from areas closer to the Sun by the young Sun's powerful solar wind.
After the formation of the planets, all were subjected to the "Late Heavy Bombardment". About 60% of the surface of Mars shows an impact record from that era. Much of the rest of the surface of Mars is probably underlain by immense impact basins that date from this time—there is evidence of an enormous impact basin in the northern hemisphere of Mars, spanning 10,600 km by 8,500 km, or roughly four times larger than the Moon's South Pole-Aitken basin, the largest impact basin yet discovered. This theory suggests that Mars was struck by a Pluto-sized body about four billion years ago. The event, thought to be the cause of the Martian hemispheric dichotomy, created the smooth Borealis basin that covers 40% of the planet.
The geological history of Mars can be split into many epochs, but the following are the three primary epochs:
Noachian epoch (named after Noachis Terra): Formation of the oldest extant surfaces of Mars, 4.5 billion years ago to 3.5 billion years ago. Noachian age surfaces are scarred by many large impact craters. The Tharsis bulge, a volcanic upland, is thought to have formed during this period, with extensive flooding by liquid water late in the epoch.
Hesperian epoch (named after Hesperia Planum): 3.5 billion years ago to 2.9–3.3 billion years ago. The Hesperian epoch is marked by the formation of extensive lava plains.
Amazonian epoch (named after Amazonis Planitia): 2.9–3.3 Gyr ago billion years ago to present. Amazonian regions have few meteorite impact craters, but are otherwise quite varied. Olympus Mons formed during this period, along with lava flows elsewhere on Mars.
Some geological activity is still taking place on Mars. The Athabasca Valles is home to sheet-like lava flows up to about 200 Mya. Water flows in the grabens called the Cerberus Fossae occurred less than 20 Mya, indicating equally recent volcanic intrusions. On February 19, 2008, images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter showed evidence of an avalanche from a 700 m high cliff
Although better remembered for mapping the Moon, Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer were the first "areographers". They began by establishing that most of Mars’ surface features were permanent, and more precisely determining the planet's rotation period. In 1840, Mädler combined ten years of observations and drew the first map of Mars. Rather than giving names to the various markings, Beer and Mädler simply designated them with letters; Meridian Bay (Sinus Meridiani) was thus feature "a."
Today, features on Mars are named from a number of sources. Large albedo features retain many of the older names, but are often updated to reflect new knowledge of the nature of the features. For example, Nix Olympica (the snows of Olympus) has become Olympus Mons (Mount Olympus). The surface of Mars as seen from Earth is divided into two kinds of areas, with differing albedo. The paler plains covered with dust and sand rich in reddish iron oxides were once thought of as Martian 'continents' and given names like Arabia Terra (land of Arabia) or Amazonis Planitia (Amazonian plain). The dark features were thought to be seas, hence their names Mare Erythraeum, Mare Sirenum and Aurorae Sinus. The largest dark feature seen from Earth is Syrtis Major. The permanent northern polar ice cap is named Planum Boreum, while the southern cap is called Planum Australe.
Mars’ equator is defined by its rotation, but the location of its Prime Meridian was specified, as was Earth's (at Greenwich), by choice of an arbitrary point; Mädler and Beer selected a line in 1830 for their first maps of Mars. After the spacecraft Mariner 9 provided extensive imagery of Mars in 1972, a small crater (later called Airy-0), located in the Sinus Meridiani ("Middle Bay" or "Meridian Bay"), was chosen for the definition of 0.0° longitude to coincide with the original selection.
Since Mars has no oceans and hence no 'sea level', a zero-elevation surface or mean gravity surface also had to be selected. Zero altitude is defined by the height at which there is 610.5 Pa (6.105 mbar) of atmospheric pressure. This pressure corresponds to the triple point of water, and is about 0.6% of the sea level surface pressure on Earth (0.006 atm).
Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to its low atmospheric pressure, except at the lowest elevations for short periods. However, the two polar ice caps appear to be made largely of water. The volume of water ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted, would be sufficient to cover the entire planetary surface to a depth of 11 meters. A permafrost mantle stretches from the pole to latitudes of about 60°.
Large quantities of water ice are thought to be trapped underneath the thick cryosphere of Mars. Radar data from Mars Express and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show large quantities of water ice both at the poles (July 2005) and at mid-latitudes (November 2008). The Phoenix lander directly sampled water ice in shallow Martian soil on July 31, 2008.
A large release of liquid water is thought to have occurred when the Valles Marineris formed early in the history of Mars, forming massive outflow channels. A smaller outflow may have occurred when the Cerberus Fossae chasm opened about 5 million years ago, leaving a supposed sea of frozen ice still visible on the Elysium Planitia, centered at Cerberus Palus. However, the morphology of this region may correspond to the pooling of lava flows, causing a superficial morphology similar to ice flows, which probably draped the terrain established by earlier massive floods of Athabasca Valles. The rough surface texture at decimeter (dm) scales, a thermal inertia comparable to that of the Gusev plains, and the presence of hydrovolcanic cones, are consistent with the lava flow hypothesis. Furthermore, the stoichiometric mass fraction of water in this area, to tens of centimeter depths, is only about 4%, which is easily attributable to hydrated minerals, and inconsistent with the presence of near-surface ice.
The high resolution Mars Orbiter Camera on the Mars Global Surveyor has taken pictures which give much more detail about the history of liquid water on the surface of Mars. Despite the many giant flood channels and associated tree-like network of tributaries found on Mars, there are no smaller scale structures that would indicate the origin of the flood waters. Weathering processes may have denuded these, indicating that the river valleys are old features. High resolution observations from spacecraft show thousands of features along crater and canyon walls that appear similar to terrestrial gullies. The gullies tend to be in the highlands of the southern hemisphere and to face the Equator; all are poleward of 30° latitude. No partially degraded gullies have formed by weathering and no superimposed impact craters have been observed, indicating that these are very young features.
Two photographs, taken six years apart, show a gully on Mars with what appears to be new deposits of sediment. Michael Meyer, the lead scientist for NASA's Mars Exploration Program, argues that only the flow of material with a high liquid water content could produce such a debris pattern and colouring. Whether the water results from precipitation, underground or another source remains an open question. However, alternative scenarios have been suggested, including the possibility of the deposits being caused by carbon dioxide frost or by the movement of dust on the Martian surface.
Further evidence that liquid water once existed on the surface of Mars comes from the detection of specific minerals such as hematite and goethite, both of which sometimes form in the presence of water. Some of the evidence believed to indicate ancient water basins and flows has been negated by higher resolution studies taken at resolution about 30 cm by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. However, in 2004, Opportunity detected the presence of the mineral jarosite on "El Capitan", a rock on the outcrop of Opportunity Ledge. Jarosite forms only in the presence of acidic water, and the presence of jarosite is seen as proof that water once existed on Mars.
Mars lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago, so the solar wind interacts directly with the Martian ionosphere, lowering the atmospheric density by stripping away atoms from the outer layer. Both Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Express have detected these ionised atmospheric particles trailing off into space behind Mars. Compared to Earth, the atmosphere of Mars is quite rarefied. Atmospheric pressure on the surface ranges from a low of 30 Pa (0.030 kPa) on Olympus Mons to over 1,155 Pa (1.155 kPa) in the Hellas Planitia, with a mean pressure at the surface level of 600 Pa (0.60 kPa). The surface pressure of Mars is equal to the pressure found 35 km above the Earth's surface. This is less than 1% of the Earth's surface pressure (101.3 kPa). The scale height of the atmosphere is about 10.8 km, which is higher than Earth's (6 km) because the surface gravity of Mars is only about 38% of Earth's, an effect offset by both the lower temperature and 50% higher average molecular weight of the atmosphere of Mars.
The atmosphere on Mars consists of 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon and contains traces of oxygen and water. The atmosphere is quite dusty, containing particulates about 1.5 µm in diameter which give the Martian sky a tawny color when seen from the surface.
Methane has been detected in the Martian atmosphere with a concentration of about 30 ppb by volume; it occurs in extended plumes, and the profiles imply that the methane was released from discrete regions. In northern midsummer, the principal plume contained 19,000 metric tons of methane, with an estimated source strength of 0.6 kilogram per second. The profiles suggest that there may be two local source regions, the first centered near 30° N, 260° W and the second near 0°, 310° W. It is estimated that Mars must produce 270 ton/year of methane.
The implied methane destruction lifetime may be as long as about 4 Earth years and as short as about 0.6 Earth years. This rapid turnover would indicate an active source of the gas on the planet. Volcanic activity, cometary impacts, and the presence of methanogenic microbial life forms are among possible sources. Methane could also be produced by a non-biological process called serpentinization[b] involving water, carbon dioxide, and the mineral olivine, which is known to be common on Mars
Of all the planets in the Solar System, the seasons of Mars are the most Earth-like, due to the similar tilts of the two planets' rotational axes. However, the lengths of the Martian seasons are about twice those of Earth's, as Mars’ greater distance from the Sun leads to the Martian year being about two Earth years long. Martian surface temperatures vary from lows of about -87 °C during the polar winters to highs of up to -5 °C in summers. The wide range in temperatures is due to the thin atmosphere which cannot store much solar heat, the low atmospheric pressure, and the low thermal inertia of Martian soil. The planet is also 1.52 times as far from the sun as Earth, resulting in just 43% of the amount of sunlight.
If Mars had an Earth-like orbit, its seasons would be similar to Earth's because its axial tilt is similar to Earth's. However, the comparatively large eccentricity of the Martian orbit has a significant effect. Mars is near perihelion when it is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the north, and near aphelion when it is winter in the southern hemisphere and summer in the north. As a result, the seasons in the southern hemisphere are more extreme and the seasons in the northern are milder than would otherwise be the case. The summer temperatures in the south can reach up to 30 °C warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north.


Welcome to the 59. Winter School of Theoretical Physics and third COST Action CA18108 Training School
"Gravity -- Classical, Quantum and Phenomenology"
Videos of the lectures:
This COST Action CA18108 training school is held jointly with the 59th edition of the Winter School of Theoretical Physics. The event is organized by the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the University of Wroclaw, Poland.
The European COST Action CA18108 - “Quantum Gravity Phenomenology in the Multi-Messenger Approach”(https://qg-mm.unizar.es/), is an initiative funded by the COST Association (https://www.cost.eu/), whose goal is to investigate possible signatures predicted by quantum gravity models in the observation of different cosmic messengers, such as gamma rays, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves.
The success of this endeavor requires the close collaboration of scientists from very different backgrounds, ranging from experimentalists specialized in data collection and analyses for specific cosmic messengers, to theorists working on different quantum gravity models.
A fundamental ingredient to make such cooperation effective is to share a common language and be familiar with the tools used by the different communities. This is where the role of this school comes in as fundamental: its goal is to start training a generation of young scientists in the interdisciplinary expertise on quantum gravity theories and models and on experimental and theoretical approaches to multi-messenger astroparticle physics.
As such, the different editions of the Training School will offer lectures from experts on different facets of the scientific gear the students will acquire, including data analysis and interpretation for individual sources, the creation and analysis of joint datasets of different cosmic messengers, the interplay between quantum gravity theory modeling and phenomenological predictions.
The school is aimed at Master and PhD students, as well as early-career postdocs.
The school is generously subsidized from the state budget funds within the programme of Polish Ministry of Education and Science titled "Doskonała Nauka", project number DNK/SP/548521/2022, and by the COST Action CA18108. It is organized also under the auspices of the Polish Society on Relativity.
December 31: Registration deadline
January 08: Confirmation of participation approval and of financial support
February 12: Arrival day and beginning of the school (in the afternoon)
February 21: Departure day (in the morning)
- Giovanni Amelino-Camelia:
"Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of multi-messenger astronomy"
- Sami Caroff:
"Search for Lorentz Invariance Violation with time-lag on gamma-ray
Cherenkov Telescope data : From the data to the time lag contraints"
- Luca Ciambelli:
"Cornering quantum gravity"
- Andrea Maselli:
"Astrophysical black holes: theory and observations"
- Emmanuel Saridakis:
"Modified gravity theories"
- Benjamin Wandelt:
The schedule for the student talks can be found by clicking on the student presentation sessions of the timetables
Telegram group for last-minute announcements: https://t.me/+Zm5TCJ3DkSYwMjc0


There are 30 fifteen-minute programs and 1 four-minute program.
Text & MP3 Files
The History of Space Exploration
- The X-15: How a Plane Put NASA on the Path to Manned Space Flight
- Project Mercury: The US Space Program Begins
- In Race to Space, the Winner Was a Russian
- Race to the Moon: The Days of Project Gemini
- Race to the Moon: Gemini 6 and 7 Meet High Above Earth in 1965
- Race to the Moon: NASA and the Early Apollo Flights of the 1960s
- 'That's One Small Step for Man': The Apollo 11 Moon Landing
- The Story of Apollo 13: 'Houston, We've Had a Problem Here'
- NASA's Final Apollo Missions: The Last Footsteps on the Moon
- 'Mercury 13' Women Followed a Dream but Could Never Live It
- Teacher in Space Answers Questions From Students (4:00)
- America's Space Agency Turns 50
- Space Station Remains a Work in Progress, One Great Big Piece at a Time
- It's a Zoo Up There in Space. Make That a Galaxy Zoo
- A Direct Look at Five Planets Far From Our Solar System
- New Telescope to Search for Life Beyond Earth
- Part-Time Astronomer Makes a Rare Discovery Looking at Jupiter
- Sounds of the Solar System Are Music to the Ears (of Space Scientists)
- Criticism Weighs Heavy on New Solar System
- Messenger Visits One of the Least Known Places in the Solar System: Mercury
- Space 2009: Water on the Moon, Methane Gas on Mars and the Ares Program
- New Plan for NASA Aims Beyond the Moon (2010-04-27)
- Among 1,200 Possible Planets, Some Seem Like Our Own (2011-02-08)
- Space Shuttle Program Nears an End (2011-03-28)
- The Evolution of Spacesuits (2011-04-05)
- Test of Big Space Rocket Set for Late 2012 (2011-04-10)
- Is NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope a Time Machine? (2011-05-22)
- Deep Space Is Next Aim for NASA After Shuttles (2011-07-17)
- After 30 Years, the Space Shuttle Program Retires (2011-07-26)
- Astronomers Still Look to Hubble Space Telescope (2011-08-28)
- Space Junk Threatens Earth’s Orbital Environment (2011-09-19)
Also Read These "Stories About People"
- These are good for people studying English because it is possible to read along while listening.
- These are in VOA's Special English.
- These will print very cleanly (without printing the MP3 player and menu.)
- The source of the original pre-edited material is http://voanews.com/specialenglish/.
- "All text, audio and video material produced exclusively by the Voice of America
is public domain. However, some images and graphics are licensed for use and
covered by all applicable copyright laws."
- Though the source material was in the public domain, I have done some editing. If you need the public domain version of any of these stories, please visit http://voanews.com/specialenglish/.
Other VOA Material on This Web Site
This page is part of Interesting Things for ESL Students.


Do You Have Good Karma? Try The Karma Quiz Now!! One very popular form of astrology is Quaoar astrology.
Quaoar, the astrology of generations, including the Indigo children
It is very helpful for anybody and everybody who wants to have more introspective information about him or herself. This is considered to be a very unconventional form of astrology. This method of astrology owes its name to Tongva people who reside in Southern California. There are many tools available online that help the people in getting a Quaoar astrology analysis done. However, most of these tools and calculators are difficult to use and their analysis reports are somewhat difficult to understand and there is no guarantee of the veracity of their analysis.
What Color Matches Your Personality? Try The Quiz Now!! The astrology calculator presented over here is easy to use and the veracity of its analysis could be judged from the reviews of the past users. Test Now! Free Quaoar Astrology Name: Date of Birth: January February March April May June July August September October November December 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 If the details entered are correct then based on an analysis a detailed report comes up which contains the location of Quaoar asteroid and the meaning and interpretation of this location.
The report also contains the solution to certain problems. Thus everybody must get a Quaoar astrology analysis done for themselves and for their loved ones. Tags asteroid. Your email address will not be published. Share Facebook Twitter Pinterest. Quaoar was discovered by astronomer Chad Trujillo on 5 June , when he identified it in images acquired by the Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar Observatory the night before.
Its discovery was formally announced at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society on 7 October The earliest prediscovery image of Quaoar was found on a photographic plate imaged on 25 May from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. Quaoar is named for the Tongva creator god , following the International Astronomical Union IAU naming convention for non-resonant Kuiper belt objects after creator deities.
Quaoar's albedo or reflectivity could be as low as 0. This may indicate that fresh ice has disappeared from Quaoar's surface. Larger Kuiper belt objects are often much brighter because they are covered in more fresh ice and have a higher albedo, and thus they present a neutral color. The presence of methane and other volatiles on Quaoar's surface suggest that it may support a tenuous atmosphere produced from the sublimation of volatiles. Because Quaoar is a binary object, the mass of the system can be calculated from the orbit of the secondary.
Quaoar's estimated density of around 2. Planetary scientist Erik Asphaug has suggested that Quaoar may have collided with a much larger body, stripping the lower-density mantle from Quaoar, and leaving behind the denser core. Quaoar was the first trans-Neptunian object to be measured directly from Hubble Space Telescope images, using a method comparing images with the Hubble point spread function PSF. At the time of its discovery in , Quaoar was the largest object found in the Solar System since the discovery of Pluto.
Why Eris? Why not Sedna or Quaoar?
The uncorrected Hubble estimates only marginally agree with the infrared measurements by the Spitzer Space Telescope that suggest a higher albedo 0. Some have theorized that a barrage of mini- meteors may have raised the temperature, but the most discussed theory speculates that cryovolcanism may be occurring, spurred by the decay of radioactive elements within Quaoar's core. Both models and observations suggest that only a few larger bodies Pluto , Eris , and Makemake can retain the volatile ices whereas the dominant population of small TNOs lost them.
Quaoar, with only small amounts of methane, appears to be in an intermediary category. Quaoar orbits at about Quaoar is not significantly perturbed by Neptune  unlike Pluto, which is in orbital resonance with Neptune Pluto orbits the Sun twice for every three orbits completed by Neptune.
Quaoar is the largest body that is classified as a cubewano , or classical Kuiper belt object, by both the Minor Planet Center  and the Deep Ecliptic Survey although the dwarf planet Makemake, which is larger, is also classified as a cubewano. Quaoar has one known moon, Weywot full designation Quaoar I Weywot. Discovered by Michael Brown and T. Brown left the choice of a name up to the Tongva whose creator god Quaoar had been named after , who chose the sky god Weywot , son of Quaoar.
Two possible orbits for Weywot have been determined from the observations: the first is a prograde orbit with an orbital inclination of 14 degrees, the second a retrograde orbit with an orbital inclination of 30 degrees degrees ; the other parameters are very similar between the two orbits. It was calculated that a flyby mission to Quaoar could take Quaoar would be 41 to 43 AU from the Sun when the spacecraft arrives. Brandt at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory and his colleagues have studied an interstellar probe that would potentially fly by Quaoar in the s before continuing to the interstellar medium.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Cold classical Kuiper belt object. For the Tongva god after which the plutino is named, see Chinigchinix. Not to be confused with Quasar. Quaoar imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in Alternative designations. Semi-major axis. Orbital period.
Mean anomaly. Mean motion.
Mean density. Equatorial escape velocity. Rotation period. Geometric albedo. Spectral type. Apparent magnitude. Polar and ecliptic view of Quaoar's orbit compared to Pluto and various other cubewanos. Quaoar's orbit is colored yellow in the left image and blue in the right image.
- 50000 Quaoar.
- hare in the moon horoscope.
- sagittarius weekly tarot february 12 2020;
For the Tongva god, see Weywot mythology. Alternative names. Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 30 November Dictionary of Minor Planet Names — Quaoar. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Retrieved 27 February Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. International Astronomical Union Circular. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams.bbmpay.veritrans.co.id/donde-conocer-mujeres-en-salou.php
File:Quaoar symbol proposal.svg
Bibcode : IAUC. Archived from the original on 19 July August The Astrophysical Journal. Bibcode : ApJ


Wednesday, September 26, 2007
Tardigrades are back on Earth!
This morning, at 9:58 CEST (Central European Summer Time), the FOTON-M3 capsule carrying the TARDIS hardware landed as expected in Kazakhstan, near the Russian border. Apparently, everything went as planned, and I hope this goes also for the TARDIS. More about this latest news from ESA can be read at http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMFVO6H07F_index_0.html. The launch of the rocket carrying the FOTON capsule can now also be viewed at http://www.esa.int/esaHS/SEMVIOK5P6F_research_0.html.


The universe may have existed forever, according to a new model that applies quantum correction terms to complement Einstein’s theory of general relativity. The model may also account for dark matter and dark energy, resolving multiple problems at once. (Ah, Occam’s Razor at work!)
“The Big Bang singularity is the most serious problem of general relativity because the laws of physics appear to break down there,” Ahmed Farag Ali at Benha University and the Zewail City of Science and Technology, both in Egypt, told Phys.org.
The laws of physics can’t “break down”, because if they do then they aren’t laws at all (hey, Chief Justice Roberts is really a physicist!).
In all seriousness, this spells the end of many of the problems that physicists wrangle with. No dark matter. No dark energy. No Star Trek: Into Darkness…well, I and other nerds wish for that, but it’s too late.
Ali and coauthor Saurya Das at the University of Lethbridge in Alberta, Canada, have shown in a paper published in Physics Letters B that the Big Bang singularity can be resolved by their new model in which the universe has no beginning and no end.
No beginning and no end. Now where have I heard that before?
“I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.” – Revelation 1:8 and Revelation 22:13


You Remember 90s Era when someone was telling you that we can do Video Calls and you laughed on him and even some of you called that stuff crazziness.
Yes but now you are use to do video calls to your friend and family.
According to Nypost.com A five star Hotel is going to open in Space by 2027 and people can stay and live there as a normal guests.
Read the report of nypost.com below.
An out-of-this-world hotel is just a few years away from becoming a reality.
This decade will see the start and completion of construction on humanity’s first ever hotel in outer space, according to the group behind it, Orbital Assembly.
The 3-year-old company plans to begin building Voyager Station in low Earth orbit in 2025, and believes its interstellar resort may be operational as soon as 2027, the Daily Mail reported.
Renderings of the celestial hotel are cosmic-chic: Individual pods are attached to a rotating wheel, with tubes connecting the different areas forming an X, as if the wheel’s axle.
Guests won’t be paying only for the novelty of the setting — there will be a slew of onboard amenities, including themed restaurants, a health spa, a cinema, gyms, libraries, concert venues, Earth-viewing lounges and bars, in addition to rooms for 400 people. Necessities including crew quarters, air, water and power will also take up a portion of the spaceship.
Orbital Assembly hopes to also sell portions of the hotel to permanent stakeholders, including government agencies looking to use the space as a training center or landlords looking to create a villa aboard the craft.
It will reportedly circle the globe every 90 minutes, and the circle’s rotation will generate artificial gravity similar to that on the moon. No construction costs have been revealed.
“This will be the next industrial revolution,” said John Blincow, the founder of Gateway Foundation, which will run some of the Voyager’s pods, according to the Daily Mail. The rotation aspect is “vital,” he added. Without gravity, people cannot viably be on a space station for a prolonged time; Orbital aims to make multimonth stays on the Voyager a possibility.
“People need gravity so their bodies won’t fall apart,” Blincow explained.
A robot by the name of STAR (Structure Trust Assembly Robot) is set to build the Voyager’s frame in orbit once the company completes some gravity-related testing.


A Note To Parents: We make every effort for Roxanne's blog to be a SAFE site for children. Whenever possible, activities are in pdf format or link to safe sites for children. Please feel free to use the information in these posts for homeschool studies! All rights reserved by author and nature photographer, Virginia Parker Staat.
Tuesday, April 27, 2010
Hubble, the Time Machine
In many ways, the Hubble telescope is a time machine. Amazingly, because light travels at a constant speed, Hubble has bee able to look back in time.
Because of the Hubble telescope, scientists have learned that special stars die at a certain rate of speed. Scientists programmed Hubble to take photos of these special stars in 18 different galaxies. Using the information, scientists now believe that our universe began 13.7 billion years ago.
The Hubble has helped us to see how the universe looked millions of years ago. Hubble's discoveries have allowed us to see how stars are born. We have also learned how stars die.
To learn more about Hubble's deep space images, go to http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/print/lithos/hudf_litho.pdf
See Hubble images here http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/
This photo of a star being born is courtesy NASA.


There is a total solar eclipse happening soon! So Eclipse art print is coming out of retirement for the month of August.
Eclipse is an archival 8" x 8" art print of an original pen and marker drawing. The image measures 5.75" x 4.75". The print is signed by me on front.
All my prints are custom printed and hand-trimmed in my home studio. I use a premium eco-friendly paper made from bamboo, cotton fibers, and pure spring water.
Prints are shipped in protective sleeves and rigid mailers.


Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Classroom & Lab Building
The two-story, 50,000-SF lab building will provide specialized labs, general classrooms and a planetarium. Technical labs are designed for physics, biology, mechanical, 3-D photo, and robotic learning. A two-story central atrium will provide a collaborative learning environment for casual meetings while also providing a central light shaft through the building.
The new planetarium will be used to encourage the community to utilize the campus. The main lobby will be a multi-purpose space for public lectures, fundraising events, and community events.
At a glance50,000 SF


NASA said that the launch event and launch of the Space Launch System, which is planned to be the most powerful rocket in the world due to a malfunctioning engine computer, will not take place in February 2022 as planned. It was shared that the problem occurred in the computer located in one of the four RS-25 engines that went back to the space shuttle. Things are failing at NASA
Orion, officially known as the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, is the largest and state-of-the-art vehicle designed by NASA for multi-purpose space travel, weighing 74,000 pounds (33.5 metric tons). This shuttle is intended to carry a crew of four astronauts to targets beyond low Earth orbit (LEO).
Developed by NASA to launch the Space Launch System, Orion’s primary mission is to facilitate exploration of Mars, asteroids and human beings. Of course, it can be used to transport the crew or supplies of the International Space Station when necessary.
It is currently undergoing integrated tests inside the vehicle assembly building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. If successful, it would set the stage for a real launch to be used in Artemis 1’s mission to and from the Moon. NASA plans to use the 332-foot-tall (101-meter) rocket for upcoming Moon missions. However, the error encountered in the last test has delayed the date when we will see the real-life functioning of this project. However, it is said that the wait will not be too long.
It is said to be the most powerful rocket in the world when completed. But it’s likely SpaceX will take that feat away from NASA, with Starship scheduled to launch for the first time next year. However, the space agency will once again be able to write its name in history with this rocket. As NASA conducts the integrated test, it ensures that the core stage, Orion, and the two booster rockets are properly communicating with ground systems. During a recent power test of this stage, engineers identified a problem with the RS-25 engine flight controller. The agency described this problem as follows:
The flight controller works as the brain for each RS-25 engine. It communicates with the SLS rocket to provide precise control of the engine as well as internal health diagnostics. Each controller is equipped with two channels. Thus, in case of a problem in one of the channels during take-off or exit, it has a backup. In the final test, the controller’s B channel on the fourth motor failed to supply power continuously.
In fact, the Aerojet Rocketdyne RS-25 engines were borrowed from the space shuttle program. However, some improvements have been made on it to provide additional power. After the engineers identified the problem, they made investigations and started the fix. However, they eventually decided to replace the problematic motor controller.
Upon this, NASA said that the rocket became fully functional. But engineers will try to work on the problem part and figure out its source. The space agency is now reviewing launch days in March and April. If the timelines announced in October by Artemis 1 task manager Mike Sarafin remain valid, they will be performed at the specified time.


Amid a universe of gaming titles, a significant 10 million explorers have dove into the vast reaches of No Man’s Sky, showcasing the enormous appetite for space exploration games.
For those who’ve thirsted for more than just a sip from the cosmic ocean, the quest for games like No Man’s Sky continues to surge.
Driven by procedural generation games and a renewed interest in sandbox and multiplayer adventures, fans chart courses to alternative virtual worlds offering depths of discovery akin to Hello Games’ expansive title.
Gamers seeking the thrills of exploration games flung across star-studded galaxies have ample reasons to rejoice.
From the comfort of their gaming chairs, they can leap into cosmic settings rife with uncharted planets, engage in survival exploits beneath alien skies, and flex their creativity through intricate base building and customization—all key aspects that have propelled No Man’s Sky to the pinnacle of space exploration titles.
- Space exploration games remain a high-demand genre, with No Man’s Sky setting a benchmark for player engagement.
- Procedural generation games are at the forefront, offering gamers endless variation in cosmos exploration.
- Sandbox games invite players to sow their creative oats, constructing and managing elaborate bases and ecosystems.
- Multiplayer games add a social dimension to the vastness of space, allowing for shared interstellar adventures.
- Games like No Man’s Sky cater to players who prize freedom and variety in their gaming experiences.
Immerse Yourself in Engaging Space Exploration Games
For those with a passion for space exploration games, there’s a universe of open-world games that offer a chance to embark on extraordinary sci-fi adventures. Diving into these titles, gamers experience intergalactic discovery, creative crafting, and the thrill of charting the unknown. Offering scalable universes and customizable ships, each game invites players to tailor their journey to their tastes—be it through careful base management or venturing into uncharted alien ecosystems.
Astroneer: Crafting and Colonization in a Vibrant Universe
In the 25th-century world of Astroneer, players harness their survival instincts and crafting skills after crash-landing on a foreign planet. This sandbox game boasts a colorful palette and a vast intergalactic sandbox ripe for colonization. With an impressive update, the game has unfolded new solar systems, challenging players to expand their territory and make stunning new discoveries.
Elite Dangerous: Commanding Your Ship Through a Living Galaxy
Elite Dangerous, a contender among space exploration games, presents a living galaxy with a faithfully recreated Milky Way. Its seamless space-faring through a grand-scale open universe sets the stage for multiplayer combat, trading, and a deep customizable ship experience. It’s a testament to the power of indie games to craft expansive, player-driven narratives.
Starbound: Planet Hopping with a 2D Twist
An indie darling, Starbound takes gamers on a 2D pixelated adventure, combining crafting and building with a compelling sandbox experience. Alien encounters are commonplace in this space exploration odyssey as players hop from one procedurally-generated planet to another, enjoying the freedom to shape their stories.
Subnautica: Discover the Secrets of Alien Underwater Worlds
Steering away from the typical, Subnautica submerges you deep into underwater exploration within an alien ecosystem. With survival challenges lurking beneath the waves, players manage their oxygen, fight off predators, and explore a visually arresting world that speaks to the allure of discovering what lies beyond.
Rodina: A Single Developer’s Vision of Omnipresent Exploration
Marked by its indie game roots, Rodina extends the frontiers of exploration games. It showcases a procedural solar system where the calm of duty-free space-faring contrasts with tense encounters against AI adversaries on distant planets. The game’s developer captures the essence of intergalactic discovery through a scalable universe that feels personal and boundless.
|Planetary and interstellar
|Creative crafting, base building
|Open universe space travel
|400 billion star systems, customizable ships
|Yes (with solo mode)
|2D pixelated universe, expansive crafting
|Underwater alien world
|Base management, survival
|Seamless solar system
|Extensive ship customization
Games Like No Man’s Sky Offering Unique Adventures
With a multitude of options available for space enthusiasts, several games stand out for delivering distinctive escapades that resonate with the spirit of adventure and interplanetary travel. Kerbal Space Program challenges players with intricate space sim mechanisms and realistic physics, making ship construction and exploration a deeply rewarding experience. For fans of narrative-driven exploration, The Outer Worlds entices with its wit and profound corporate satire set amidst star-hopping escapades.
Diving into the realm of action-orientated exploration, Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order presents a galactic quest infused with the rich tapestry of Star Wars mythology. Similarly, Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy mixes humor and camaraderie with pulse-pounding expeditions across the cosmos. Those seeking a darker narrative can immerse themselves in the mysterious landscapes of Death Stranding, which merges otherworldly environments with profound speculative fiction.
For players drawn to looping mysteries and alien environments, Returnal offers a haunting sojourn laden with time paradoxes and cryptic lore. Meanwhile, Destiny 2 offers a communal spacefaring voyage where strategy and combat intertwine, delivering a multiplayer experience unlike any other. Outer Wilds strips down to the purity of exploration, presenting an ever-evolving puzzle that unwraps the enigmas of a solar system caught in an eternal time loop.
- Kerbal Space Program – Mastering the craft of spaceflight with realistic physics.
- Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order – Embarking on an adventure steeped in iconic galactic lore.
- Returnal – Facing the unknown in a cycle of rebirth and discovery.
- The Outer Worlds – Deciphering a corporate-dominated space frontier.
- Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy – Combining humor with interstellar camaraderie.
- Death Stranding – Unraveling the profound mysteries of an apocalyptic realm.
- Destiny 2 – Weaving together strategy and social play on a cosmic scale.
- Outer Wilds – Piecing together the universe’s deepest secrets through exploration.
These titles represent the vanguard of space exploration gaming, each manifesting a piece of the grand puzzle that taps into our collective desire for cosmic discovery and action-oriented adventures. Players can traverse from the Kerbal’s carefully crafted rockets to the Guardians’ quippy spaceship banter, carving out their own legends in these expansive universes.
Also Read: Top Survival Games Like Raft
The cosmos has always captured the imagination of humanity, and this enduring fascination is evident in the ongoing love affair with games like No Man’s Sky. These games satisfy the longing for infinite exploration and the thrill of embarking on interstellar journeys, mirroring the boundless nature of the universe itself. Spanning virtual cosmos, they enchant players with endless possibilities and continually evolving narratives that resonate with the unpredictability of the stars.
Beyond the Infinite: The Everlasting Appeal of Space Exploration Games
Space exploration games tap into the essence of humanity’s quest for knowledge and the unquenchable thirst to discover what lies beyond the horizon. With endless galaxies to circumnavigate, each game in this genre offers fresh perspectives and diverse playgrounds that promise revelations of exploration. From crafting on distant planets to the tactical command of a spaceship, each title ignites wonder and fuels our collective imagination, pushing the digital frontier ever outward into the virtual cosmos. The appeal of these games is timeless, as they continually offer players an escape into fantastical worlds where the next discovery is just a warp jump away.
Towards New Horizons: What These Games Teach Us About Adventure
Embarking upon adventures in games akin to No Man’s Sky requires more than just a love for the stars; it demands an understanding of adventure itself. Players learn the importance of skills amplification as they engage in complex base-building, resourceful crafting, and strategic endeavors. These games celebrate the spirit of curiosity and the rewards of diligence. Alongside personal triumphs, players often find themselves part of a larger narrative, making collaborative discoveries and sharing their experiences with others. As they navigate through these expansive, procedurally generated universes, gamers are not just passing time—they’re acquiring life lessons on bravely navigating the unknown, both in the virtual sky and in their earthly endeavors.
What are some games like No Man’s Sky for space exploration enthusiasts?
Space exploration fans can enjoy titles such as Elite Dangerous, Starbound, Astroneer, and Subnautica, as well as Kerbal Space Program, Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, Returnal, The Outer Worlds, Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy, Destiny 2, and Outer Wilds, among others.
Can I find games with a focus on crafting and colonization like in No Man’s Sky?
Yes, games such as Astroneer with its vibrant universe offer creative crafting and colonization elements. Starbound and Subnautica also provide solid crafting and building gameplay set in space and underwater worlds, respectively.
Are there open-world games that also feature procedural generation and customizable ships?
Rodina is an indie game that features a procedural solar system with open-world elements and customizable ships. Elite Dangerous also offers a massive open universe with ship customization options.
Do any space exploration games offer multiplayer gameplay?
Yes, many space exploration games like Elite Dangerous, Starbound, and Destiny 2 have strong multiplayer components, allowing players to venture and discover the cosmos together.
Are there games that combine space exploration with survival game mechanics?
Subnautica is an excellent example of space exploration mixed with survival mechanics, placing the player in an alien underwater setting with the need to manage resources and survive. Astroneer and Elite Dangerous also incorporate survival elements in their gameplay.
What are some sandbox games that allow for unrestricted exploration in space?
Games like Starbound and Astroneer are sandbox games that provide players with the freedom to explore, craft, and build in unrestricted alien worlds.
Can I explore sci-fi themes and intergalactic discovery in games other than No Man’s Sky?
Absolutely, The Outer Worlds, Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, and Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy are games rich with sci-fi themes and offer intergalactic adventures and discovery.
Are there exploration games that also include intricate narratives and character development?
The Outer Worlds and Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order are narrative-rich exploration games with deep character development and decision-making that impact the game world.
Is there a game similar to No Man’s Sky where I can immerse myself in underwater exploration?
Yes, Subnautica is the go-to game for an experience similar to No Man’s Sky but with a focus on exploring the depths of an alien ocean, complete with base management and survival challenges.
Are there any indie games that offer a space exploration experience akin to No Man’s Sky?
Rodina is an indie title that delivers vast space exploration with a procedurally generated solar system. The game offers a remarkable exploration experience with the freedom to roam planets and asteroid fields, while also allowing you to customize your ship’s interior.
What games offer an action-orientated exploration experience with space themes?
Returnal combines action-oriented gameplay with a sci-fi space theme, alongside a mysterious narrative involving time loops and alien environments. Destiny 2 also provides action-packed space exploration with cooperative and competitive multiplayer modes.
How do exploration games like No Man’s Sky contribute to skills amplification and learning?
Games like No Man’s Sky offer lessons in resource management, strategic planning, problem-solving, and encourage creativity. They often require the skills of perseverance and innovation, as players navigate survival situations, engage in base-building, and partake in collaborative in-game communities.


WELCOME TO THE ASTRONOMY INSTITUTE OF MAINE!
(Updated 1 11 2013)
Note: We recommend Safari and Firefox for best navigation.
Our mission is to provide programs, facilities, and resources to schools, teachers and the public, to promote astronomy as a stimulating educational and cultural activity for people of all ages.
Maine retains some of the last naturally dark skies on the East Coast. Maine's star-filled nights offer a universe of inspiration.
Natural curiosity and pristine nights turn people of all ages into space explorers. The Institute is currently focused on three outreach programs:
The annual Maine Starlight Festival is dedicated to preserving the nighttime environment as a valuable natural and educational resource, through grass-roots scientific management. Light pollution fills the sky close to the ground with glowing domes that hide distant starlight. As light pollution grows, the reach of human vision shrinks—a view of nearly 6,000 stars, stretching millions of light years into the past, dwindles to a mere handful. Science, poetry, art, and music are some of the ways we've learned to express the wonder of a star-filled sky.
The spectacle of a pristine sky is now reserved for the last undeveloped corners of our country. We work within communities to help them make informed results based decisions about the future of their night sky.
Our current efforts are focused on the state-of-the-art Nightscape Survey capabilities that we aquired with the technical assistance of the National Park Service through a 5 year collaborative effort that concluded in 2011. The measurement effort was initiated in 2007, and in 2008 we completed the first community inventory to take advantage of the NPS technology for the Acadia All American Road and concluded with the acquisition of AIM's independently owned and operated system in 2011. Our next steps include research into the field of light pollution science, geospatial mapping, and improvements in our presentation of spatially demanding information.
Educating Maine's Starlit Communities Since 2004
© Astronomy Institute of Maine All Rights Reserved
P. O. 249
Bernard, ME 04612


Slooh offers college students and lecturers entry to dwell feeds from actual telescopes at among the high viewing places on the earth. This contains places within the Canary Islands and Chile in addition to a brand new telescope in Australia slated to return on-line in early 2024.
I discovered actual worth in Slooh’s academic assets, that are aligned with Subsequent Era Science Requirements (NGSS). I additionally favored the energetic group of consultants and citizen science astronomers who helped me perceive and do actual astronomy in addition to take part in dwell occasions. Whereas doing my evaluation I participated in “Quests” and “Star Events.”
With the total solar eclipse coming in April, having a device similar to Slooh will help help pupil curiosity in astronomy and STEM matters.
Slooh: Getting Began
I discovered getting began with Slooh straightforward. As soon as logged in to my account, I used to be dropped at my dashboard. The dashboard is the hub from which I can contribute to the group, share and consider observations, schedule new or view previous Missions, in addition to be part of Quests and Slooh particular occasions. A spot to view my saved images and people shared by the group can also be obtainable.
Slooh has a considerable amount of astronomy content material and I used to be a bit overwhelmed at first, however the introductory video in addition to their high quality assets and help flattened the training curve fairly shortly. As an educator, I appreciated that Slooh will not be about simulations, however permits college students hands-on management of actual telescopes. Additionally, the gamified studying options will additional encourage college students to proceed their information.
I can assign college students Quests to show about house and the universe in an actual tangible approach that goes past simulations and textbooks. Quests are NGSS-aligned guided actions designed to assist college students use their telescopes to discover house. The gamification of Quests permits college students to earn Gravity Factors and Badges for motivation and engagement.
Missions are 5- or 10-minute classes on a telescope scheduled for a specific date and time when college students or lecturers can management one in all their telescopes to discover and seize pictures of a specific object within the universe. Pre-set missions are additionally obtainable that I may be part of as a part of the group. All the pictures taken are saved in your account.
Slooh: Greatest Options
- Slooh “Missions” that give dwell management of actual telescopes in world-class places to look at the universe in real-time.
- The “Workspaces” characteristic integrates with Google Classroom and offers me with entry and management of NGSS-aligned “Quests” that I can assign to college students. In addition to giving college students the instruments to create posters and animations to point out understanding and share information.
- Gamification of studying to have interaction and encourage college students to proceed their studying independently.
- The net group is a vibrant group of consultants and passionate astronomy amateurs who share their experience and reply questions.
Pricing varies relying on the plan chosen and if you would like a single, multiple-classroom license or one in your constructing or district. A complicated telescope management license for highschool astronomy programs can also be obtainable.
To see extra information or request a quote you’ll be able to go to Slooh’s pricing page.
Slooh: Key Takeaways
Slooh offers college students and lecturers entry to high-quality dwell telescopes and up-to-date knowledge and imaging to carry the science of astronomy to life. I discovered it refreshing that I wasn’t simply studying alone, or with classmates if I used to be a pupil, however with a group that helps each other and shares assets.
In the end, Slooh provides lecturers and college students learning house STEM enjoyable and real-life science experiences that can encourage them to discover the universe much more.


Just a quick observation on (space opera) science fiction these days. For so many of us, if the science fiction takes place extraterrestrially, then it must be outside our solar system. But in recent years I’m seeing a lot more science fiction that takes place entirely within the confines of our solar system, and yet still successfully makes the mark as a space opera. Not the first example of this, sure, but Leviathan Wakes comes to mind as the first book that made me aware of this subgenre. I know its been around a lot longer – if I stop to think of it, books by Ben Bova and others come to mind with some effort – but why is it that we so often ignore our own backyard in operatic science fiction? Why do we have to go to places so far away to have a little adventure?


Nasa experiment will pave the new wave in live streaming NASA astronauts Christina Koch, Jessica Meir, and Andrew Morgan appeared live from the...
Nasa experiment will pave the new wave in live streaming
NASA astronauts Christina Koch, Jessica Meir, and Andrew Morgan appeared live from the International Space Station today at the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) 2019 conference in Los Angeles in a proof-of-concept test that could pave the way for using the cloud to stream video live from the Moon and Mars.
The interactive exchange between space and Earth expanded on a workflow first established for the first-ever live 4K stream from space in 2017, and represented the first use of cloud resources for data storage and video origination for streaming from space.
NASA is seeking innovative ways to reduce the cost and complexity of live streaming from space as it prepares to send the first woman and next man to the lunar face by 2024 through its Artemis architecture.


ALMA-NA prototype antenna
at Socorro, NM
Click to view the enlarged photo
on VLBI group at ASIAA
With the addition of new staff members, a new effort has been launched to perform frontier Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) studies. VLBI has been dedicated in pursuit of high angular resolution. Our group, collabrating with international partners, is conducting the exciting projects, which will achieve the resolution of tens of micro arcseconds: Submillimeter VLBI. By direct imaging toward the super massive black holes (SMBHs) at center of the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) with this extremely high angular resolution, we will investigate the physics at ultimate state under the relativity. Tentative goals of this group would be to (1) image the shadow of SMBH itself and (2) image the inner most part of the jet and accretion disk. The former would be a direct proof of the existence of SMBH, and essential to determine the mass and spin parameter of SMBH. The latter would be important to investigate the launching mechanisms of the ultra-relativistic jet.


Marlborough Dark Skies Fest
Stargazing, sketching workshops, storytelling, exhibitions, talks and tours are all on offer during the very first Marlborough Dark Skies Fest in October. The beautiful and mysterious Museum of the Moon by Luke Jerram will also be on display in the Marlborough College Chapel from Monday 25th October. A jam-packed programme of events is scheduled from Friday 29th - Sunday 31st October, including a talk by Professor Chris Lintott (BBC Sky at Night) about how the Universe began… and is there anyone out there?
Brought to you by North Wessex Downs AONB, Marlborough Town Council and Marlborough College, the festival combines art and science in a celebration of our beautiful dark skies here in the North Wessex Downs. Most events are free - including visiting the Museum of the Moon. For the full festival programme and to book tickets please visit: https://thelittleboxoffice.com/mdsf/
Read the Festival poster.


High precise, and reliable mirrors are intended for working in optical devices of various application in static or dynamic conditions.
The mirrors can work efficiently in non-stationary conditions on ground, aerial and space transport facilities.
They can be used in astronomy, meteorology, geophysics, geodesy, cartography, for natural resources prospecting, ecology.
Based on light aluminum alloys we can manufacture a deeply-cooled objective for imaging in IR spectrum operating at a temperature of 4...293 K.
|Reflectivity, %||»96.0 (λ=10.6 µm)|
|Optical surface shape||flat, spherical, aspherical, of the 2-nd and higher orders|
|Materials||silicon, Al alloys|
|Dimensions, mm||up to 500|
|Operating temperatures range, K||up to 10|
|Temperature stability||no worse 0,02 λk/grade (λk=0,6328 µm)|
|Mass, kg||no more then 10|
The RMS provides diffractional resolution in operating spectral range.
The mirrors can be developed with consideration of customer's specific requirements. It is possible to deliver the mirrors as the complete module combining the mirror itself and multifunctional unit fitting applied for attaching, unloading, and precise stationing.
Engineering information:E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org


Every 238 years, the orbits of Neptune and Pluto change making Neptune at times the farthest planet from the sun.
The common pond frog is ready to breed when it is only three years old.
In February 1878, the first telephone book was published in New Haven, Connecticut. The book was one page long and had fifty names in it.
Yes, this domain is AVAILABLE for purchase!
Domain Brokers Sweden is an authorized sales agent for this premium domain.
Please click HERE to enquire about this domain
(or contact us directly at email@example.com)


Kerbal Space Program: Enhanced Edition Now on Consoles
Late last week announced that Kerbal Space Program: History and Parts Pack is now available on the Xbox One. Kerbal Space Program: History and Parts Pack is the first downloadable content for Kerbal Space Program: Enhanced Edition, the console version of the space flight simulation.
The DLC pack adds a variety of new content to the game, including 10 missions inspired by humankind’s most daring historical events, new parts to experiment with from the historic Space Race, and a fresh suit to enhance your Kerbal’s style. In addition, also included are new launch sites, including a Mun Launch Site currently only available in the console version of the game.
Kerbal Space Program: History and Parts Pack features a variety of missions based upon humankind’s own space exploration. From spacewalking to crash landing on the Mun and everything in between, players can attempt to recreate iconic moments, but with a unique Kerbal twist. Kerbal Space Program: History and Parts Pack also includes a number of new parts and astronaut suits inspired by the Space Race that players can use throughout Kerbal Space Program.
Source: Press Release/YouTube


The Yachats Library participates in the nationwide summer reading program.
Each summer program follows a theme, and the books and activities reflect the theme. In honor of the 50th anniversary of Neil Armstrong's walk on the Moon, this years theme is "A Universe of Stories". Click here to see this year's schedule.
Each child receives a t-shirt, and decides on a summer reading goal. We track the child’s goals weekly, and all efforts are celebrated at the end of the program with a Pizza Party, prizes and entertainment!
Final Week Michael Bradley performs
39 children received their governor awards for meeting their reading program goals! All the kids received a gift bag donated by the Yachats Ladies Club and a free take home book donated by Friends of the Library.
Week 4 Caption Cosmos Teaches us about Astronauts and Space Suits


2 edition of Advanced solar polarimetry found in the catalog.
Advanced solar polarimetry
National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak. Summer Workshop
Includes bibliographical references and index.
|Other titles||Proceedings of the 20th Sacramento Peak summer workshop, Proceedings of the twentieth Sacramento Peak summer workshop|
|Statement||edited by Michael Sigwarth.|
|Series||Astronomical Society of the Pacific conference series -- v. 236|
|Contributions||Sigwarth, Michael., National Solar Observatory (U.S.), Sacramento Peak Observatory.|
|LC Classifications||QB539.M23 N76 2000|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xviii, 615 p. :|
|Number of Pages||615|
## Weather Radar Polarimetry ## Uploaded By Laura Basuki, this is a unified treatment of weather radar and polarimetric radar these two areas are closely related but often treated separately this book treats these two areas from a unified point of view and in addition it has some new ideas such as array radar polarimetry the book will be.
Illustrations of the floras of the Malayan Archipelago and of tropical Africa
Balm of Gilead 1/4 Ounce Anointing Oil
agricultural geography of Great Britain
Criminal justice systems in Europe and North America.
secretion of milk.
Posters and poster-designing in England.
issue of literary criticism
On the design of contracts and remedies for breach
Now is the time
Advanced Solar Polarimetry; Theory, Observation, and Instrumentation; Proceedings. Hardcover – January 1, by NM) Ed. by Michael Sigwar Workshop on Advanced Solar Polarimetry ( Sunspot (Author) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions.
Price New from Used from Author: NM) Ed. by Michael Sigwar Workshop on Advanced Solar Polarimetry ( Sunspot.
Advanced Solar Polarimetry -- Theory, Observation, and Instrumentation: 20th NSO/SAC Summer Workshop Volume: Year: View this Volume on ADS: Editors: Sigwarth, Michael ISBN: eISBN: Electronic access to books and articles is now available to purchase.
Volume eAccess: $ The advances in solar, planetary, and extrasolar science employing polarimetric tools are far-reaching, and the pace of discovery is accelerating rapidly.
In the last three decades, the emphasis of solar polarimetry has been to achieve simultaneously high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution for all four Stokes parameters.
ADVANCED SOLAR POLARIMETRY THEORY, OBSERVATION, AND Advanced solar polarimetry book Proceedings of the 20th Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop held at National Solar Observatory, Sacramento Peak, Sunspot, New Mexico, USA September Edited by Michael Sigwarth. Stellar Polarimetry. Author(s): Dr.
David Clarke; Another project has been the determination of the orbits of dust particles in the Solar System comprising the Zodiacal Light. An experienced astronomer and Advanced solar polarimetry book, he has published over Papers and three books, one of which now in 4th edition.
Table of Contents. GO TO PART. Free Access. Advanced Solar Polarimetry -- Theory, Observation, and Instrumentation -- 20TH NSO/Sac Summer Workshop. Polarimetry is the measurement of the polarization state of light.
It can be used to measure the polarizing properties of materials, optical components and systems such as retardance, diattenuation and depolarization. To measure these properties, there have been many different polarimeter designs. Advanced Solar Polarimetry-Theory, Observation, and Instrumentation: The 20th NSO/Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop Sigwarth, Michael; Abstract.
Conference was held in Sunspot, New Mexico, in September. Proceedings will be edited by Michael. Bonnie J. Buratti, Peter C. Thomas, in Encyclopedia of the Solar System (Third Edition), Polarimetry. Polarimetry is the measurement of the degree of polarization of radiation reflected from a satellite's surface.
The polarization characteristics depend on the shape, size, and optical properties of the surface particles. Novel instruments Advanced solar polarimetry book high-precision imaging polarimetry have opened new possibilities, not only for diagnostics of magnetic fields, but also for exploring effects in radiative scattering, atomic physics, spectral line formation and radiative transfer.
The observational advances have stimulated various theoretical developments, for instance in vector radiative transfer and techniques for. Part of the Astrophysics and Space Science Library book series (ASSL, volume ) Abstract The aim of solar polarimetry is to measure the Stokes vector I (the four Stokes parameters I, Q, U, and V) with the highest possible polarimetric accuracy, spectral, spatial, and.
solar polarimeters • with rotating (continuous or stepped) wave plate: – Advanced Stokes Polarimeter (Lites et al. ) – Hinode (Solar B) spectropolarimeter (Lites (Schmidt et al.
) ) – POLIS – IRSOL polarimeter (Bianda et al. ) – THEMIS (Paletou (Qu. The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) will be the premier facility for ground-based solar polarimetry from to 28 µm at an angular resolution as high as 0. in the visible part of. Imaging vector polarimetry at the 10^-5 level in the optical and near UV part of the solar spectrum Author(s): Achim M.
Gandorfer Show Abstract. This paper addresses the issue of calibrating the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope for high-precision polarimetry, in particular of the optical train above the Gregorian station (where suitable calibration optics will be placed).
Conventional techniques would not be adequate for this telescope given its large aperture. A brief description of the new meter solar telescope GREGOR located at the Observatorio del Teide in Tenerife will be given.
GREGOR will provide a spatial resolution of about 75 km on the Sun, and with its light collecting capability we will be able to study the. PDF | OnCarine Briand published Proceeding of the 20th International Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop "Advanced Solar Polarimetry" | Find, read and cite all the research you need on.
Polarimetry allows for enhancing the contracts between the very bright light of a star (which light can be assumed to be unpolarized) and the very dim light reflected of an exoplanet (which often is very strongly linearly polarized) [,].
From: Chiral Analysis (Second Edition), Novel instruments for high-precision imaging polarimetry have opened new possibilities, not only for diagnostics of magnetic fields, but also for exploring effects in radiative scattering, atomic physics, spectral line formation and radiative transfer.
The observational advances have stimulated. – Advanced Stokes Polarimeter (Lites et al. ) – Hinode (Solar B) spectropolarimeter (Lites ) – POLIS (Schmidt et al. ) – IRSOL polarimeter (Bianda et al. ) – THEMIS (Paletou et al. ) – Yunnan S3T telescope (Qu et al. High precision polarimetry with the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope High precision polarimetry with the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope Socas-Navarro, Hector ; Keller, Christoph U.; Seagraves, Paul H.; Warner, Mark ; Kuhn, Jeffrey R.
This paper addresses the issue of calibrating the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope for high-precision polarimetry. Part of the NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry book series (NAII, volume ) Abstract.
We present a historical review of polarimetric observations of planetary atmospheres, comets, atmosphereless solar system bodies, and terrestrial materials. () Polarimetry and Physics of Solar System Bodies.
In: Videen G. Solar Polarimetry • “If the Sun weren’t polarized, then it would be as dull as most nighttime astronomers think it is.” Paraphrasing Robert Leighton, Time Magazine, July 3, • Polarimetry is vital to understanding the Sun • Progress is closely linked to the development of physics and technology.
This volume, arising from IAU Symposiumis devoted to sharing advances in science, data analysis, modeling, and instrumentation between solar and non-solar polarimetry communities. addition the book also covers other forms of solar en-ergy, in particular Solar Thermal applications and Solar Fuels.
Many of the topics that are discussed in this book are also covered in the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Solar Energy (DelftX, ETTU) that is given by Arno Smets on the edX platform and starts on 1 September Solar optical polarimetry is concerned primarily with measuring solar magnetic fields, a quest which began with Hale’s () observation of Zeeman splitting in a sunspot.
Today a wide range of optical polarimeters is used for solar research (see Bauer () for a comprehensive review). For example, a standard magnetograph (Babcock Major outstanding problems in solar physics relate to solar magnetism.
Spectropolarimetry offers the best, and sometimes only, method of obtaining accurate measurements of the Sun’s magnetic field. New –2 m class telescopes with adaptive optics have come on line, and the Daniel K. Inouye 4 m Solar Telescope (DKIST) will begin observing.
The Fast Solar Polarimeter (FSP) is a novel ground-based solar imaging polarimeter. The develoment is funded by the Max Planck Society, and by the European Commission ().It is based on fast, low-noise image sensors and ferro-electric liquid crystals (FLCs) for polarization modulation. Polarization is a basic property of light and is fundamentally linked to the internal geometry of a source of radiation.
Polarimetry complements photometric, spectroscopic, and imaging analyses of sources of radiation and has made possible multiple astrophysical discoveries. In this article I review (i) the physical basics of polarization: electromagnetic waves, photons, and parameterizations.
The book begins with basics of synthetic aperture radar to provide the basis for understanding how polarimetric SAR images are formed and gives an introduction to the fundamentals of radar polarimetry.
It goes on to discuss more advanced polarimetric concepts that allow one to infer more information about the terrain being imaged. While the human eye can practically cope only with two aspects of light, brightness and colour, for many animals polarization is a further source of visual information.
This fascinating phenomenon of polarization sensitivity is comprehensively treated by Horvath and Varju. Starting with a short introduction into imaging polarimetry - an efficient technique for measuring light polarization 3/5(1).
Principles of Polarimetry. Polarimetry measures the rotation of polarized light as it passes through an optically active fluid. The measured rotation can be used to calculate the value of solution concentrations; especially substances such as sugars, peptides and volatile oils.
A polarimeter consists of a polarized light source, an analyzer, a graduated circle to measure the rotation angle.
Astronomical Polarimetry. [Jaap Tinbergen] Advanced Search Find a Library. COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) this is an excellent book of immense value to those working in polarimetry or developing instrumentation for astronomy.'. Get this from a library.
Polarimetry of stars and planetary systems. [Ludmilla Kolokolova; James Hough; Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd] -- "Summarizing the striking advances of the last two decades, this reliable introduction to modern astronomical polarimetry provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art techniques, models and.
“The polarization study of celestial objects is a valuable part of optical astronomy, and the author has done exceptionally well in bringing together contributions treating all aspects of the polarimetry field The first section contains a fine introduction and an excellent and definitive history of the subject.
Looking for an examination copy. If you are interested in the title for your course we can consider offering an examination copy. To register your interest please contact [email protected] providing details of the course you are teaching. The advances in solar, planetary, and extrasolar.
Polarimetry is a crucial method to investigate solar magnetic fields. From the viewpoint of space weather, the magnetic field in solar filaments, which occasionally erupt and develop into interplanetary flux ropes, is of particular interest.
To measure the magnetic field in filaments, high-performance polarimetry in the near-infrared wavelengths employing a high-speed, large-format detector is. Dear Colleagues, Radar has been widely used for remote sensing of weather, climate, hydrology, and the environment.
Over the past 30 years, numerous radar techniques and algorithms have been developed for measuring, modeling, simulating and forecasting the Earth’s atmosphere particular, polarization diversity has great potential to characterize precipitation microphysics and. Full Text; PDF ( K) PDF-Plus ( K) Citing articles; Atomic physics and solar polarimetry 1.
To find out more, see our Privacy and Cookies policy. Polarimetry, in analytic chemistry, measurement of the angle of rotation of the plane of polarized light (that is, a beam of light in which the vibrations of the electromagnetic waves are confined to one plane) that results upon its passage through certain transparent materials.
Polarimetry is of interest to the chemist because the ability of a substance to affect polarized light in this way. The book is a complete treatise on renewable energy sources and also includes issues relating to biofuels.
It aims to serve as a text for undergraduate and postgraduate students in relevant disciplines and a reference for all the professionals in the related fields.Polarimeter Samples Cells that are easy to clean.
Another advantage over fused end cells is that screw caps, washers, and end plates are easily removed for cleaning the glass ends, sample cell interiors, or for replacement of the washers and end glass.


The universe is not a homogenous spread of billions of galaxies. Rather, it consists of random clusters of galaxies, concealing dark matter within. It appears like vast voids separating the gigantic filaments. Around three decades back, astronomers from Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) discovered and architecturally mapped the large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe around three decades back.
Astronomers have united LSS maps, concepts regarding the inflationary big bang, and findings from CMBR (the cosmic microwave background radiation) to generate a notably consistent image of the universe, revealing its origin and evolution. However, the information regarding the dark matter was not up to the mark. Dark matter has been expected to gather in LSS. CfA astronomers made use of tracer galaxies’ photons to explore the LSS in depth.
As these photons reach at the observation, particularly on Earth, their directions are altered by the gravitational forces of the LSS, along with the effects of gravitational lensing. The appropriate location of young galaxies based on the projections and their statistical arrangements are sensitive to the existing and the emerging structure as well as the geometry of matter in the universe.
On a similar note, a different team of astronomers has discovered that the universe is expanding at a faster pace than expected.
Researchers have discovered a new theoretical calculation to measure the rate of expansion of the universe. The new theory contradicts the existing model of the universe, on which researchers have relied on for so long.
The recently derived theory is based on the information gathered by the Hubble Space Telescope. The theory reveals that the universe is expanding at the pace of just below 43 miles per seconds per megaparsec (1 megaparsec=3.26 million light-years)
Earlier, the expansion rate was calculated by taking the measurements using ESA’s Planck satellite, which revealed that the universe is expanding at the rate of 41.6 miles per second per megaparsec.


The galaxy is an incredible place – way up there in space. The planets, moon,
and stars making up the sky. Space is an incredible subject to learn about. It’s
so far away, full of things we can’t always see, and that mystery about it adds
to it’s excitement. And thats why we love these 11 Galaxy crafts!
Let the kids dig in and play with play dough that’s colored like the night sky and even has silver glitter in it to represent the stars. The Galaxy Shoes will help the kids picture themselves walking among the cosmos! And the galaxy oobleck is swirled with blues and purples and it’s slimy nature will prove to be a hit with the kids!
I even included a tutorial on how to make galaxy shirts. Imagine
having the kids help create shirts painted with galaxies – they would be a
really cute keepsakes for the entire family!
- Fun a Day – Glowing Galaxy Water Bin
- Inner Child Fun – Grape Scent Galaxy Dough
- Kids Activities Blog – The Galaxy in a Bottle
- Two Daloo – Galaxy Oobleck
- Milk and Cuddles – Galaxy Shoes DIY
- Love and Marriage Blog – Galaxy Rocks
- Crafty Morning – DIY Galaxy Jars
- Kids Activities Blog – Printable Galaxy Game
- Milk and Cuddles – DIY Galaxy Shirt
- Hodgepodge Craft – Watercolour Galaxy Craft
- Punk Projects – DIY Galaxy Lights
We hope your family enjoys these Galaxy Crafts as much as our family does!


This is animator, director Ward Kimball. The Disney artist has put aside his zany demeanor to adopt a more serious persona as he begins a lecture on space exploration. Kimball’s “office” is actually on a sound stage on the Walt Disney Studio lot and this is the first season of the ABC television program Disneyland. As you can imagine, I was in geek heaven back then. I was able to indulge two of my passions. Disney filmmaking and space exploration. For this Disney geek it doesn’t get much better than this.
You might be surprise to know how much the Walt Disney Studio was into space travel back in the fifties. Long before NASA, Walt Disney decided to set up a unit that would deal with space travel and extraterrestrial life. Walt also knew that the quirky artist, Ward Kimball would be uniquely qualified to helm the unit. This is the multi-stage rocket ship that was featured in Walt Disney’s first science television show, “Man in Space.” The show was such a success that other space epics would follow. The shows would utilize both animation and live-action and some of the most advanced special effects for its day. In fact, visual effects expert, Con Pederson would later leave to work for Stanley Kubrick on "2001." If you were lucky enough to score a visit to the second floor Space Unit in the Animation Building you were in for a surprise. Ward Kimball’s unit had more the appearance of a top government scientific development facility than a cartoon studio. Storyboards, graphs and scientific schematics filled the hallways and even the President of the United States, Dwight Eisenhower requested a viewing of Disney’s film.
It’s not difficult to notice how close Walt Disney was to the creation of what we now know as the Space Shuttle Program. As always, Walt Disney was out there ahead of everyone else, and that even includes the government of the United States. Had Walt Disney not been taken from us in 1966 one can only imagine what the Old Maestro might have accomplished.


3 edition of High-energy astrophysics, American and Soviet perspectives found in the catalog.
High-energy astrophysics, American and Soviet perspectives
by National Academy Press, [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Technical Information Service, distributor] in [Washington, D.C.], Springfield, Va
Written in English
|Other titles||High energy astrophysics, American and Soviet perspectives.|
|Statement||edited by Walter H.G. Lewin ... [et al.].|
|Series||NASA contractor report -- NASA CR-186558.|
|Contributions||Lewin, Walter H. G., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.|
|The Physical Object|
Data from a previous investigation on the angle chi between the axis of rotation and the magnetic dipole axis, determined from polarization observations, provides a complete catalog which makes it possible to carry out a detailed comparison of the theoretical results of this present investigation with the observed distribution of radio pulsars over the angel chi. Before such a comparison is. High-Energy Astrophysics: American and Soviet Perspectives, by U.S.-USSR Workshop on High-Energy Astrophysics (page images at NAP) Filed under: Imaging systems in astronomy -- Congresses Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems III, ed. by Dennis R. Crabtree, R. J. Hanisch, and Jeannette V. Barnes (HTML in Canada).
Georgie White Clark is the author of Georgie Clark ( avg rating, 5 ratings, 1 review, published ), Clark ( avg rating, 0 ratings, 0 reviews), /5(1). High-energy astrophysics studies the Universe at the extreme. Black holes, neutron stars, exploding supernovae, and relativistically moving jets continually challenge our understanding of the behavior of matter at extreme densities and temperatures, high velocities, enormous magnetic fields, and strong gravity. Understanding these extreme environments is key to interpreting.
Book Description: Institute of Physics Publishing (GB), Condition: Very Good. pp., Hardcover, previous owner's name and handstamp to front free endpaper, else very good in a very good dust jacket. High energy astrophysics: American and Soviet perspectives ; proceedings from the US USSR Workshop on High Energy Astrophysics, June 18 - July 1, by Walter H. G Lewin () 1 edition published in in English and held by 1, WorldCat member libraries worldwide.
The Gentle Art of a Servants Heart
Report of the Fourth Meeting of the Deans of Medical Schools
Holy Spirit and the church
107-1 Committee Print: Rules of Procedure of The Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, S. Prt. 107-37, September 2001.
Malaysian Constitutional Law
Formulas for bookbinders
W.W.S.C. womens handbook.
Institution-wide languages programme
Factory accounts, their principles and practice
Letters on the most common, as well as important, occasions in life
The ape woman story
Buy High-Energy Astrophysics: American and Soviet Perspectives/Proceedings from the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Workshop on High-Energy Astrophysics on FREE SHIPPING on. Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading American and Soviet perspectives book as a PDF.
Visit to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Title: High-energy astrophysics.
American and Soviet perspectives. Proceedings. Authors: Lewin, W. G.; Clark, G. W.; Sunyaev, R. A.; Trivers, K. K.; Abramson, D. Book Review: High energy astrophysics: American and Soviet perspectives. edited by W. LEWIN, G. CLARK, R. SUNYAER with K. TRIVERS and D. by: 8. Proceedings: Proceedings published by American and Soviet perspectives book National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies.
The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies. Title: Book-Review - High-Energy Astrophysics - American and Soviet Perspectives: Authors: Lewin, W.
G.; Clark, G. W.; Sunyaev, R. Publication: Science, Vol Not Available adshelp[at] The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX16AC86AAuthor: Walter H.
Lewin, George W. Clark, Rashid A. Sunyaev, Kathleen Kearney Trivers, David M. Abramson. The proceedings of the American-Soviet high energy astrophysics workshop, which was held at the Institute for Space Research in Moscow and the Abastumani Laboratory and Observatory in the republic of Georgia from June 18 to July 1,is presented.
Topics discussed at the workshop include the inflationary universe; the large scale structure of the universe, the diffuse x-ray background. High-Energy Astrophysics: American and Soviet Perspectives - Proceedings from the U.S.-U.S.S.R.
Workshop on High-Energy Astrophysics by National Academy of. "The third edition of Malcolm Longair's High Energy Astrophysics is a remarkable gem.
It is written in the clear, lucid style that characterizes Professor Longair's monographs and displays an admirable balance between breadth and s: 6.
High-energy astrophysics involves the study of exceedingly dynamic and energetic phenomena occurring near the most extreme celestial objects known to exist, such as black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, and supernova s: 7.
High-Energy American Astrophysics and Soviet Perspectives Edited by Walter H.G. Lewin George W. Clark Rashid A. Sunyaev with Kathleen David Proceedings Kearney Trivers M. Abramson the U.S.-USSR Workshop on High-Energy Astrophysics June 18 - July 1, Academy National from.
High energy astrophysics Longair M.S. Providing students with an in-depth account of the astrophysics of high energy phenomena in the Universe, the third edition of this well-established textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in high energy astrophysics. Cluster research with X ray observations: Authors: Giacconi, Riccardo; Burg, Richard: High-Energy Astrophysics.
American and Soviet Perspectives p (SEE N ) Publication Date: 00/ Category: Astronomy: Origin: STI: NASA/STI Keywords: Physics: arXiv e-prints. COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.
Get this from a library. High-energy astrophysics: American and Soviet perspectives: proceedings from the U.S.-USSR Workshop on High-Energy Astrophysics, June July 1, [Walter H G Lewin; George W Clark; R A Si︠u︡ni︠a︡ev; Kathleen Kearney Trivers; David M Abramson; Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR.; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.);].
High-energy astrophysics has unveiled a Universe very different from that only known from optical observations. It has revealed many types of objects in which typical variability timescales are as short as years, months, days, and hours (in quasars, X-ray binaries, etc), and even down to milli-seconds in gamma ray bursts.
Title: Cosmic gamma-ray bursts: Authors: Hurley, K. Affiliation: AA(California Univ., Berkeley.) Publication: In NAS-NRC, High-Energy Astrophysics. American and Soviet Perspectives p (SEE N ). The origin of cylindrically symmetric supernova remnants (SNR's) is discussed.
The results of numerical simulations of two most distinguished barrel-like SNR's SN and G+ are presented. Considerations are presented of telescopes and spectrometers planned to be designed and made by the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory of the Georgian SSR Academy of Science.
The purpose of this topic is to clarify actual scientific problems which are to be solved by using telescopes. The experiments will begin in. For the Love of Physics: From the End of the Rainbow to the Edge Of Time - A Journey Through the Wonders of Physics by Walter Lewin () by Walter.
Lewin | Jan 1, The large-scale surface brightness distribution of the X ray background: Authors: Mushotzky, Richard: Affiliation: AA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.) Publication: In NAS-NRC, High-Energy Astrophysics. American and Soviet Perspectives p (SEE N ) Publication Date: High energy astrophysics: American and Soviet perspectives ; proceedings from the US USSR Workshop on High Energy Astrophysics, June 18 - July 1, by Walter H.
G Lewin () 12 editions published between and in English and held by 1, WorldCat member libraries worldwide.


First, take a really long tube that extends into space, bend it around a space station, have it come back to earth and form a circle with the start of the tube. Next, shoot a gun up the tube really fast. The bullet’s momentum will lift the tube and you can also bleed some of the energy from the bullet and store. Once the bullet hits the bend at the top it will also “lift” the spaces station which keeps it in orbit. Then just do the opposite for the bullet on the way down.
Maybe an oversimplification but pretty much that’s the gist.