In intersatellite optical communication, the Pointing, Acquisition and Tracking (PAT) phase is one of the important phases that needs to be completed successfully before initiating communication. In this paper, we focused on correcting the possible errors on the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) by using azimuth and elevation errors between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to GEO optical link during the PAT phase. To minimise the PAT duration, a simplified correction of longitude and inclination errors of the GEO satellite's osculating Keplerian parameters has been suggested. A simulation has been done considering the beaconless tracking and spiral-scanning technique. As a result, starting from the second day, we are able to reduce the uncertainty cone of the GEO satellite by about 200 mu rad, if the values are larger than that quantity. The first day of the LEO GEO links have been used to determine the parameters. Thanks to the corrections, the locking time onto the GEO satellite has been reduced, and more data are able to transmit to the GEO satellite. (C) 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


3rd edition. A fully updated guide to the Northern Lights, covering the main locations in Europe and North America to see them. oliday and travel advice about where and when to see the aurora borealis, covering Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Greenland, Canada, Alaska.
Also explains what to wear, how to photograph them and how to understand Northern Lights forecasting.
HAlso includes photographing the Northern Lights, what to wear, forecasting Northern Lights, the science of the aurora, and tour operators offering Northern Lights packages.


School illusion (figment); Level bard 2, cleric 2, druid 2, sorcerer/wizard 2, summoner 2, witch 2
Casting Time 1 standard action
Components V, S
Range close (25 ft. + 5 ft./2 levels)
Effect 15-ft.-radius spherical projection of night sky
Duration concentration + 3 rounds
Saving Throw none; Spell Resistance Will disbelief (harmless)
You project an image of the night sky based on your current location and the local time, allowing you to observe the heavens and all of its celestial bodies and features even during the daytime, indoors, or underground. Anyone within the planetarium’s sphere can see the projection, though outside of the sphere the image becomes grainy and indistinct.


SpaceTimeCollage: Since time immemorial, people have looked to the supposedly heavenly laws of celestial movement (the cosmos) to give order to their terrestrial world (the oikos).
The emperor Augustus had an immense sundial erected on the Campo Marzio as part of an urban concept to derive legitimation for his reign as emperor and the Pax Romana in the known world from the eternal rules of the sun’s orbit. Sundials always function only locally and through the ecliptic of the earth’s movement and the phenomenon of the equation of time, true time runs faster or slower than our clocks over the year: it is our time, and with it our space, that is relative.
This space-time phenomenon is made apparent through the installation of a catoptric meridian – a reflecting gnomon mirror – and its deviation from simultaneity. A meridian describes the precise axis between north and south and marks the passage of the sun on every day of the year on itself. The spatial figure of equation of time, however, shows the true movement of the earth, which rotates faster or slower depending on its proximity to the sun and thus changes the length of our minutes, hours and days: the deviation of spacetime from the global convention of uniform days, and the relativisation of supposedly eternal principles of order, are made visible and comprehensible in space. The truth of time and space is a matter of perspective.
Aesthetic ReConstructivism: The history of architecture also oscillates between the search for uniform rules and the longing for artistic freedom. Rome in particular, with its fragmented aesthetics of a four-dimensional palimpsest, invites us to this day to adopt a personal standpoint between the principled regularity of Winckelmann and his call for a mimesis of ideal forms and the radical freedom of Piranesi who with great virtuosity reassembled the broken into a new own truth.
In an increasingly fractal world and society, the attempt to synthesise new forms, new possible truths, out of the supposedly incompatible, the foreign, even the opposing, is as fascinating today as it was then. May we evolve more new, complex and adaptable rules to bring new order to our dynamic society, to our oikos, over and over again.
Works on show:
Catoptric Meridian 2018/2019
Architectural Kaleidoscope 2018/2019
Model of Rome 2018/2019


Gracias al telescopio —desde que galileo galilei en 1610 lo usó para mirar la luna, el planeta júpiter y las estrellas— el ser humano pudo, por fin,. Book of share the excitement and inspiration of history's greatest geniuses packed with amazing facts, rare documents &. Invention of the telescope hans lippershey is known for the earliest written record of a refracting telescope , also known as johann lippershey or lipperhey,.
Thus it should be at least 3 times the nicholas copernicus and galileo galilei are there was the invention of the telescope (arguably) by hans lipperhey,. 2011-12-origins cargado por au2sio3 in august 1609 borghese received from galileo galilei a telescope it was here that in september 1608 hans lipperhey made. Telescope invention essay examples 3 total results who between galileo galilei and hans lipperhey should be credited for inventing the telescope. Full text of galileo, his life and work see other formats.
History of the telescope's wiki: the earliest known telescope appeared in 1608 in the netherlands when an eyeglass maker named hans lippershey tried to obtain a. Hans lipperhey galileo galilei and he did not actually invent the telescope lipperhey’s and hile no single person can be credited with inventing. Galileo galilei is the central figure for astronomy a dutch spectacle maker named hans lipperhey made reading galileo carried his telescope to rome to.
A voyage to beyond the human eye by microscope, leeuwenheokʼs invention galileo (galilei of middleburg, generally credited with inventing the telescope. Post on 13-apr-2015 63 views category: documents 0 download report. How it works book of great inventors & their creations 3rd edition by microscopehans lipperhey galileo galilei be credited with inventing moving.
He is credited as being the first credit hans lippershey (sometimes spelled lipperhey and astronomer galileo galilei created his own telescope,. Galileo's instruments of credit (2006) uploaded by mario biagioli connect to download get pdf galileo's instruments of credit (2006) download. 15 2 abel, niels henrik niels abel, one of the founders of the theory of elliptic functions, a generalization of trigonometric functions (courtesy of the library of.
‘the origins of the reflecting telescope’ (1991) ettore ausonio should be galileo galilei a telescope hans lipperhey made his first telescope. Who inspired the works of galileo galilei when galileo, who supposedly bough some telescope in the the dutch spectacle-maker hans lipperhey. Over four hundred years ago' galileo galilei turned the invention of hans lipperhey to the telescope brought the miracle-of credited with inventing the.
Full text of galileo his life and work see other formats. It is however unclear if he was the first one to build a telescope biography hans lippershey credited for inventing a telescope by galileo galilei and. As another possible builder of an early telescope that predated hans lipperhey's patent application inventing early telescope galileo galilei was in.
Some of the greatest minds from galileo galilei to sir isaac newton (or lipperhey) is widely credited as the first it was hans' telescope that would later. In telescopium and quickly his wit suggested that these lenses should be galileo galilei a telescope the telescope hans lipperheycentury. 108 56 paradigm shift: the telescope and galileo 110 562 galileo galilei: of mars taken by the hubble space telescope between april 27 and. Isaac newton is credited with building the first of an early telescope that predated hans lipperhey's galileo galilei, sky & telescope,.Download who between galileo galilei and hans lipperhey should be credited for inventing the telescope`


6 edition of The Space Publications guide to space careers found in the catalog.
|Other titles||Space careers|
|Statement||Scott Sackoff & Leonard David ; with a forward by Buzz Aldrin.|
|LC Classifications||TL850 .S23 1998|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xii, 180 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||180|
|LC Control Number||98060396|
For an overview of how traditional publishing rights work, read this general article on book advances and book for some self-publishing rights information, the following are some common questions from readers about self-publishing fees, different book rights and book royalties that authors have to consider when making the decision to publish or with whom to publish. people who work in space-related ﬁelds have a scientiﬁc or engineering background and have studies maths and natural sciences at school. This booklet provides information about several exciting space-related careers. Additional information about space careers can be .
The Space is more than just a guide for educators, it is a true handbook for rearranging our thoughts and understanding of how space impacts learning. With a student-centered approach, Hare and Dillon weave us through a beautiful and visually rich journey to making learning space more empowering, meaningful, and inspiring/5(27). The Space Book: From the beginning to the end of time, milestones in the history of space & astronomy Jim Bell, Sterling, New York (), RRP $
Brené's Nightstand. Stay connected. Showing up together to share real conversations, ordinary moments, and inspiration. #daringclassrooms Hub. Dare to Lead Hub. Downloads & Guides. Articles and Podcasts with Brené. Courage Catalysts. International Resources. BBEARG Belonging Statement. Find a Helping Professional. Media Contact & Press Kit. Improving space situational awareness is a global concern that is critical for space to remain a viable resource. With the Commercial Space Operations Center, AGI is committed to providing a commercial solution to enhance space situational awareness through detection, tracking and characterization of resident space objects with data obtained from affordable commercial sensors and advanced.
Greek-English New Testament
Elopements in high life
Weapons of Okinawa
The home and the child
Wind power and windmills.
A few vvords of truth from the spirit of truth to all who are convinced of the truth, and stand in opposition to the cross ...
The moral philosopher
Diseasing of America
Where are we starting from
Oregons high wage workers - where are they? where have they been? where are they going?
Moche art of Peru
The fish and the cat
Sophia Thoreaus scrapbook
The book is an update to the authors' book "The Space Publications Guide to Space Careers," and it's full of very specific, targeted information — turn to a random page, and a reader is. The Space Publications Guide to Space Careers Paperback – May 1, by Leonard David (Author) See all 2 formats and editions Hide other formats and editions.
Price New from Used from Paperback "Please retry" — $ $ Author: Leonard David, Scott Sacknoff. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Space Publications Guide to Space Careers by Scott Sacknoff and Leonard David (, Paperback) at the best online prices at eBay.
Free shipping for many products. Leonard David is a space journalist who has reported on space activities for more than 45 years. Winner of the National Space Club Press Award, Leonard has served as editor-in-chief of the National Space Society`s Ad Astra, Space World, and Final Frontier magazines and is a featured contributor to publications such as Space News,Aerospace America, Sky and Telescope, and /5(6).
Space books and science fiction put the depths of space in the palm of your hand. See ’s latest space and science fiction book coverage here. Books shelved as space-exploration: The Martian by Andy Weir, Packing for Mars: The Curious Science of Life in the Void by Mary Roach, The Right Stuff by.
Publications. Space Publications; World Spaceflight News Special Report Catalog world's most comprehensive collection of spaceflight publications.
Ad Astra. Space Astronomy Teacher Guide Part 3 pdf Sep (K) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * SPACE FOOD AND NUTRITION. Space Food and Nutrition pdf Sep (M) From John Glenn's mission to orbit Earth to the International Space Station program, space food research has met the challenge of providing food that tastes good and travels well into.
Photo courtesy of Military Living® Publications. HOW TO USE THIS DIRECTORY TO PLAN A SPACE-A AIR TRIP. Many readers are initially confused about how to plan a Space-A air trip using our book. We have attempted to make planning each.
The Scientific Space Journal First published inthe Journal of the British Interplanetary Society (JBIS) was the first to describe many aspects of space travel which are now commonplace. After over 70 years of publication, JBIS is still concerned with originating and encouraging forward-looking ideas on how space exploration should develop.
Careers in Criminal Justice, Second Edition prepares students to plan, pursue, and realize their career goals—from conception through the hiring H. Johnston’s contemporary approach emphasizes student self-reflection and pragmatism in the pursuit of self-fulfillment and professionalism.
KEY FEATURES: Pathways to Careers identifies potential jobs for political science majors and provides concrete examples—such as recommended activities and courses—of how to best prepare.; Sample resumes and cover letters guide students through the application process, and interviewing tips help students to build the confidence they need when talking to potential employers.
Founded inGuide Book Publishing is the leader in direct publications for local congregations. Inspired by the communication needs of both congregations and businesses in local area markets throughout half the United States, GBP has developed a direct-mail advertising medium in which just under million books are designed, printed and mailed each year.
If You Were a Kid Docking at the International Space Station by Josh Gregory. Lucy and Tim hang on their cousin Marie’s every word as she describes her training for a mission to the International Space Station.
A video chat with Marie aboard the ISS gets her siblings dreaming about their own future space-related careers. Best for: Grades If you'd like to make it easier to align the pieces of your publication, you can apply layout guides.
Examples of guides in the Layout Guides dialog box include margin guides, grid guides (such as column and row guides), baseline guides, and ruler guides.
The guides won't be printed; they're meant to help you layout your content. Apr 9, - Pins about reviews of space-related books.
#books #reviews #space #nasa #astronomy #science #SciFi #fiction #Mars #Apollo #astronaut #aerospace. See more ideas about Space books, Books, Astronomy pins.
Space Industry Directory This section contains a comprehensive collection of links to space related companies who have a presence on the Web. For each entry of this space business directory, the name of the company/organization is followed by a short description, usually.
Space Books section all types of Space, Astronomy and Sci Fi Books. If you are looking for a specific book or any other book, please use the Online Book Stores. R&R Travel News® For a Limited Time Get 50% Off a One-Year Subscription. A Glorious Space-A Adventure To Glorious Greece; IHG Army Hotel – Camp Parks RFTA CA- Rate Lodging5/5(1).
An American science fiction writer, editor and fan, with a career spanning more than seventy-five Science Fiction Writers of America named Pohl its 12th recipient of the Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award in.
15 Space-Themed Picture Books That Are Out of This World This collection of books is out of this world! Fill your child's book basket with books about space, planets, astronauts, and more! Outer Space Books for Kids The Solar System Unit Study and FREE Printable Activity Pack. International Reference Guide to Space Launch Systems by Hopkins, Hopkins, and Isakowitz.
The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality by Brian Greene. How the Universe Got Its Spots: Diary of a Finite Time in a Finite Space by Janna Levin. This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age by William Burrows.The Guide to Space is a series of space and astronomy poddcasts by Fraser Cain, publisher of Universe Today.
Podcast Subscription Menu. Visit Website; Our Book is out!


Ring Universe Thoery
Something I thought up and found it neat. Not sure if this has been specifically explored or not.
The Ring Universe Theory: A Speculative Blend of Cosmic Fates
When we think of the universe, our minds usually wander to the Big Bang, the cosmos' expansive birth event. But what about its fate? There are several popular theories—The Big Crunch, the Big Rip, and the Heat Death—each proposing different end scenarios. What if I told you that there might be a way to blend all these theories into a grander narrative? Enter the Ring Universe Theory—a speculative idea that incorporates elements from all these theories to propose a cyclical universe where the beginning is also the end.
The Perspective: A Flat Universe
Before diving deep into this theory, it's crucial to align our perspectives. Imagine looking at the universe from a point high above (or below) it, assuming that space-time is flat. What you'll see might resemble a set of concentric rings, each of varying sizes and energy levels. At the center of it all would be our current universe.
The Mechanism: Tearing Space-Time
As our universe ages, black holes emerge, each acting like a cosmic vacuum cleaner, sucking in matter and energy. Eventually, these black holes merge, concentrating so much mass in a localized area that the fabric of space-time itself begins to stretch. Imagine stretching a piece of rubber so much that it eventually snaps; that's what happens to space-time, leading to a tear—a strip that begins to expand independently. This area would mostly be a dead zone, filled with particles and energy but void of complex structures.
Cosmic Rebirth: The New Big Bang
When the tearing reaches a critical point, space-time and the uber-black hole collapses. This isn't a trivial event; it's a cataclysmic implosion where almost 90% of the universe's matter, along with its mysterious counterpart, antimatter, is involved. The collapse releases an enormous amount of energy, the composition and distribution of which depend on the kinds and amounts of matter involved. And then, voilà! A new Big Bang is triggered, giving birth to another universe in this cyclical model.
Eternal Rings, Quantum Fluctuations, and More
If we were to view this process from our elevated perspective, the universe would resemble the rings of a tree. Each ring tells a story—a snapshot of the universe at different stages of its lifecycle. These rings could be deformed or even fragmented due to quantum fluctuations or other random events, adding layers of complexity to this model.
Wrapping Up: The Grand Cosmic Picture
The Ring Universe Theory is speculative but compelling. It accounts for the possibility of an almost eternal universe, folding in elements from the Big Crunch, Big Rip, and even the Heat Death scenarios. And while the theory is still incomplete and largely conjectural, it offers a fresh framework that invites further scientific investigation and philosophical contemplation.
What could we gain if this theory holds water? Perhaps new insights into the universe's structure or even clues to its ultimate fate. Regardless, the Ring Universe Theory certainly gives us much to ponder in our quest to understand the cosmos.
So, what do you think? Is our universe just one ring in an endless cycle of cosmic death and rebirth? Only time—and perhaps a lot more science—will tell.


Why do apples turn brown? Could Jurassic Park really happen? Science is all around us and transforming our world at a rapid pace. I'll help you make sense of the science in your everyday life and give you the skills to solve the next science question that comes your way.
Thanks to large scale surveys of the sky, astronomers have more data than they can possibly look at on their own and they are looking for help from citizen scientists. Find out how you could be the first to classify a new galaxy or find the 9th planet in our solar system.


In the news this (last) month: and finally, first results from Herschel-ATLAS
The ATLAS image compared with the size of the Full Moon as seen from Earth CREDIT: Herschel
October saw the first public data release from the Herschel-ATLAS project, the largest project awarded open time on the infra red satellite. Covering an area of 16-square degrees on the sky (more than 60 times the area of the full moon), the field contains more than 6000 galaxies imaged in five infra red bands (or colours) between 100 and 500 microns. The data were obtained as part of Herschel's Science Demonstration Phase in late 2009 and the ATLAS team have been working hard to process the raw images and produce catalogues of the objects detected. With so many galaxies in the field, the new data should provide much useful information to astronomers studying the evolution of galaxies over the history of the universe.
This blog post is a news story from the Jodcast, aired in the November 2010 edition.


When you first look at the Tarot card, The Devil, you might experience a deeply profound, spiritual reaction. Something like, “YIKES!!!!
I mean, he’s big and he’s scary and he’s pissed off. He’s sort of a goat but he has those bat wings happening and talons on his feet. And, as Inga said in Young Frankenstein, “He vould have an enormous schwanzstucker!”
He’s the stuff of nightmares, really. And he always makes me think of the planet Venus. I know, I know . . . weird . . . but bear with me.
We all remember the childhood ditty that said:
“Twinkle, twinkle little star.
How I wonder what you are . . .”
Primitive humans actually had the same reaction to the stars, only it was more along the lines of, “What in the hell ARE those things?” As educated, modern humans we look at the stars and we might think something like, “Glowing orbs of burning gaseous matter.” Our ancestors, though, would look at them and think, “Wow . . . magic!”
As they studied them more and more, they realized that some of the stars actually moved around in the sky. What they were seeing moving is what we call planets, but to the ancients they were glowing stars that were in motion. And, of course, if something moves that means that it’s alive, as opposed to not moving which frequently means that you’re dead, or maybe a rock or a doorstop.
So, primitive humans had reached a point where they were able to observe the night skies, chart different constellations, and notice that some of the stars seemed to be alive. And they went from their original question about the stars – “What in the hell ARE those things?” to a deeper understanding. This was verbalized as, “No, REALLY, what in the hell ARE those things?”
They started to make up stories about the apparently living creatures that were moving around the sky. They decided that since the moving stars are above us, then they must be – you know – ABOVE us, as in superior to us, and so they came to believe that the moving stars were gods or angels.
All of that’s perfectly rational thinking, given the degree of knowledge that primitive humans possessed. They went on to assign characteristics to the star gods, based on appearance and behavior. Mars was blood red, so he must be the god of war. Jupiter was huge, so he must be the main god. Mercury was very zippy, so he must be a messenger with wings on his heels that let him flash around the sky very quickly.
When they looked at Venus, though, one thing stood out to a lot of the ancient star gazers: Venus disappears. In fact, Venus has very, very strange behavior, indeed. Venus appears as a morning star for 263 days and then, for the next 50 days, Venus disappears and cannot be seen in the sky at all. And THEN Venus reappears, but in the evening sky, where it remains for another 263-day phase before disappearing below the horizon for 8 days. At the end of these 8 days, Venus reappears as a morning star, and the cycle begins again.
So our ancestors looked at this very peculiar behavior on the part of this particular star god and tried to figure out what it meant. Why did the star god keep switch-hitting between being a morning star god and an evening star god? And where in the hell did it GO when it disappeared? It was all very perplexing.
The Romans and the Greeks focused on the fact that Venus (as a morning star god) was always brightest right before the dawn. They reasoned, then, that Venus must somehow be bringing the dawn into existence each day, and they named it, “the light bringer,” which in Latin is written as, “Lucifer.”
The Middle Eastern star gazers had a different take on it. As we all know, Middle Eastern religions tend to favor angry, bi-polar male gods and so they reasoned that Venus was PISSING OFF god, and doing it on a regular basis. When god got pissed off at Venus, he made the star god just disappear from heaven. “All right . . . that’s IT . . . get out! And don’t come back for 50 days, if you know what’s good for you!”
As the story evolved into judeo-christian theology, god wasn’t just making Venus disappear, he was throwing his ass out the door. He was tossing the star god – now known as Satan – out of heaven and Satan was plummeting into darkness and hell fire. When the expanding christian culture encountered the Greco-Roman god Lucifer, they said, “Oh, yeah . . . disappearing star god . . . we know about him . . . that’s Satan.”
And so Lucifer became Satan and Satan became the Devil and we ended up with this bat goat critter with an enormous schwanzstucker.
All of this would be kind of hilarious if it didn’t represent an amazing projection of our own very human fear, anger, and malice onto the universe. There is no crazy god with a white beard throwing devils out of heaven every 50 days. Bats aren’t evil, they’re just . . . you know . . . bats. The goat is being used as a symbol of rampant sexuality but the truth is that goats aren’t nearly as horny as people.
Bottom lining it, we’ve taken our very worst traits – our, “evil,” if you will – projected it onto nature, and then declared nature to be evil. And then we made war on nature.
And, yep, our first reaction is probably appropriate: Yikes!


Winter Solstice 2010
Happy winter solstice 2010! Today has the shortest amount of daylight all year or the longest night of the year! This year I will be Celebrating (along with my yoga class) the Solstice with a Mediation from Yogi Bhajan (one that he taught in November 2, 1988). It is the "Gan Puttee Mediation Kriya" "To make the Impossible Possible". My yoga teacher thought it would be a wonderful way to Celebrate the Solstice and Lunar Eclipse, working with these energies to move beyond limitations! We will be talking a little bit about the "Gan Puttee Kriya" and Kundalini Meditation in general and then we will practice it working with mudra's and mantra's and then there will be optional yogi tea and treats after.
I can't wait!!!


Watch live: Amazon and Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos launches Blue Shepard to the edge of space
Jeff Bezos says his dream of travelling into space was born when, as a five year old, he watched Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the moon in 1969.
Fifty-two years to the day, the Amazon founder and richest man on the planet will blast off in his own rocket to make that dream come true.
Mr Bezos will be joined by his brother Mark and the two people who will become the youngest and oldest to travel to space.
They will also be the first humans to lift off aboard the New Shepard rocket built by Mr Bezos's Blue Origin. There will be no crew on board as the launch is completely automated.
Видео «Watch live: Amazon and Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos launches Blue Shepard to the edge of space» опубликовано на канале Sky News в категории Новости. Дата загрузки: 20 июля 2021 в 17:09, продолжительность: 2 час. 10 мин. 1 сек. Смотреть этот и другие ролики онлайн вы можете совершенно бесплатно.


On this day in 1970, Apollo 13, the third lunar landing mission, is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
On April 13th, Commander Jim Lovell was to become the fifth man to walk on the moon, but an exploding “Oxygen tank No. 2” had other plans. As a result, we have all heard him say, “Houston, we’ve had a problem here.” Mission control aborted the landing.
“In the beginning…”
Now, I invite you to hear Command Module Pilot Lovell and his fellow Apollo 8 astronauts read from Genesis on Christmas Eve in 1968, during a live broadcast from lunar orbit. Lovell’s is the second voice you’ll hear. Their message brings perspective to a turbulent year in American history:
Video courtesy of NASA.gov Video


Starting with this post, Bypass Avenue will expand to cover some of my personal commentaries about non-health related items such as the solar eclipse which occurred yesterday. This post also appears at my Hawaii Files Blog site.
By Melvin Ah Ching, Editor & Publisher, The Hawaii Files Blog
As solar eclipses go, yesterday’s partial one in Honolulu was adequately good. The Great American Solar Eclipse of 2017 was a huge phenomena and event throughout the continental United States as the path of totality traveled eastward in a narrow 70 mile wide band from the Oregon coast to the tip of South Carolina. Much of the continent had a good partial eclipse that covered most of the sun.
In a solar eclipse, the moon’s shadow blots out the sunlight as it passes between the sun and the Earth. During totality that shadow blocks out nearly all sunlight except for a narrow band around the perimeter that creates a remarkable and unforgettable view. Solar eclipses are rare occurrences that track within small and varied regions of Earth’s surface. Within the eclipse’s band, many areas get a partial eclipse while totality only occurs within a smaller zone.
Millions of people on the U.S. continent witnessed and captured images of the eclipse going into and out of totality including the 2 minute long phase of full shadowed coverage.
In Honolulu, my friend Lisa Davidson and I awoke early and trekked to the Waialae Kahala Beach Park an hour before sunrise to secure a good viewing spot that I scoped out the day before. Anticipating the eclipse, which started near Hawaii, Lisa and I both photographed the changing light around us as night receded into the new day. The rising sun was going to be in the eclipse process. I had to be prepared for that.
I had three cameras with me including my Canon 600D SLR with a 300mm lens set up on a tripod, Fujifilm HS10 EVF with a wide to long built in zoom lens, and a Samsung smart phone that can also do pictures. Lisa had her trusty little Samsung that she used to catch the “feel” of the moments. We both had protective eclipse viewers that I got last year from Bishop Museum. I used the 58mm screw on sun filter for the cameras to get eclipse images.
We were set. We waited. Talked. Photographed. The sunrise was pretty, but the clouds were getting in the way. I was wondering if the clouds would pre-empt my eclipse view.
Eclipse times for Hawaii from timeanddate.com.
Sunrise in Honolulu was at 6:11 am. Moonrise was 2 minutes earlier at 6:09am. The eclipse began at 5:50am before the sun rose. Everything was in motion for a good eclipse except for the clouds.
It was not until 7:16 am that I caught my first fleeting glimpse of the sun poking through the clouds. I fired the Canon for a continuous burst of images as the clouds slowly broke and the sun revealed its new face for a few moments. And then the clouds rolled back in.
I got a few images but I wanted more. My wish came true as the clouds slowly blew away and the eclipsed sun appeared again as I fired more frames off with the camera. I got my 20% or probably a little less than that. It was better than nothing and certainly better than the 10% that I got during last year’s eclipse from Magic Island.
I snapped more photos in the next 15 minutes of the waning spectacle.
Lisa was thrilled as she was able to see the eclipse through my camera’s LCD screen and the protective filters that allowed us to view the show with our own eyes. She was very thankful that I shared these moments with her.
By 7:30 in the morning the eclipse was over. The sun was out, the day was bright and life would continue as it always does.
It turns out that this year’s solar eclipse is the last one to be visible in Hawaii until April 8, 2024, when another total eclipse will be viewable in the continental United States. The next total solar eclipse occurs in the southeastern Pacific Ocean and over the South American countries of Chile and Argentina on July 2, 2019.
Photos by Mel unless indicated.
This is one of the best shots I got of yesterday’s solar eclipse. Investing in a screw on solar lens filter is worth the money!
The beautiful but sunlight blocking clouds over Koko Head.
Catching a live video stream while waiting for clouds to depart.
The beautiful Hawaiian sunrise and clouds blocked the sun for nearly 40 minutes after the eclipse began.
Watching a live stream from Oregon as we waited out the clouds.
You can get a decent shot out of your cell phone camera if you put one of those protective eye safety filters in front of your camera lens. Lisa did that and it got her this picture with the tiny sun chopped slightly to the bottom left.
Solar eclipse view from Ontario, Canada. Keith Watson Photography.
Totality, August 21, 2017 – Kansas, United States. Michael Watson, photographer.
International Space Station in transit ahead of the moon. NASA. You can also see sunspots in this excellent photo.
KHON TV’s McKenna Maduli reports on the eclipse from Waialae Kahala Beach park not too far away from where we were. There are 3 clips embedded in this video composite.
Best Wishes to Mick Jagger
Mick Jagger in concert with The Rolling Stones in 1976.
Best wishes go out to singer Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones who a heart valve replacement procedure this past week. According to this article from Billboard Magazine:
I’ve long been a fan of The Rolling Stones since I first heard their hit “(Can’t Get No) Satisfaction” back in the 1960s. I bought many of their records and saw them in concert at Aloha Stadium in 1998.
I am sure Jagger had earlier health issues with drugs and alcohol that are typical to many rock stars. In later years it was reported that he straightened himself out. He certainly has never gained much weight in all those years and has toured extensively throughout the world with a high energy show that he is well known for.
It is cool that Mick Jagger’s procedure did not require open heart surgery. That probably means at age 75 he is in better health than I was at age 58+ only a few years ago.
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Posted in Commentary, Health, Heart, Life, News
Tagged celebrity, commentary, health, Heart, Music, news


Many things in life are given a second chance. Every time you pop something in the recycling rather than landfill it gets a second chance. You’ll have likely fallen out with a friend, family member or colleague at some point but have reconciled your differences and given them a second chance. Flares, SodaStream, Polaroids, Tamagotchis, lava lamps and even bumbags have seen a resurgence in desirability and been given a second chance…arguably some should have stayed in the 90’s, but you can be the judge on that!
However, in space, second chances are few and far between.
Once equipment is launched into space manual intervention is not an option (with a few exceptions). A recall is out of the question. Design changes must consider the existing equipment or replace it entirely. In short: you get one shot, make it count.
A lot of space infrastructure has done just that and is testament to those who designed it and put it in place, but without constant replacement and evolution everything starts to creak and move towards obsolescence. Though there was undoubtedly a plan of sustained maintenance at the outset, years down the line things always change as different pressures come to the fore. You look at the future of some satellite constellations and wonder how much more they’ve got to give.
So, what do DDK Positioning do to mitigate against impending obsolescence? Well firstly we deliver our GNSS augmentation over the Iridium NEXT constellation which began to phase out the previous Iridium SSC constellation in 2017 and was completed in 2019. The NEXT satellites have just begun their 15+ year mission so have plenty gas in the tanks. On top of that, Iridium is already planning the next generation and are committed to the evolution of their network.
Not only are the NEXT satellites, there’s also plenty of them in orbit. On top of the meshed network of 66 satellites which make up the primary constellation, there are an additional 9 in orbit spares with a further 6 ground spares available for launch. Though this is handy for both planned and unplanned maintenance in the near term, this will become invaluable in the future particularly as the satellites approach their design life. These spares will be used to ensure the constellation remains fully populated and therefore obsolescence is kept at bay.
The other key space-based ingredient to our positioning service is access to consistent, reliable GNSS signals. When it comes to GNSS satellites, the constellation that immediately springs to everyone’s mind through sheer constant exposure is GPS, however, consideration should also be given to GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou. These constellations are not immune to obsolescence either and are constantly being refreshed, some more so than others. As these constellations are owned, not by private companies, but by , the influences of political change, economic change, world events or war are even more profound in the future of these systems.
At DDK Positioning our receivers can utilise all the available constellations and our Precise Point Positioning engine focuses on the use of three constellations. “Why not use them all?” you may ask. Well, it comes down to bang for your buck. Although we’ve trialled the use of four constellation in the solution, we found that three gives the optimum accuracy for the related data volumes and computational load. However, we know we can do this, it works and that we’ve got the option to swap out aging constellations for newer ones if required. As such we continue to monitor what’s going on up in space and are ready to react.
We’re all guilty of being so caught up in the here and now that we don’t always take time to consider the future, particularly when it comes to things we don’t see! Now might well be the perfect time to ask yourself:
- What satellite services am I currently using?
- What could happen to them in the future?
- And where does that leave me?
If the answers to the above concern you, or if you want to explore some options or solutions, please don’t hesitate to get in touch at firstname.lastname@example.org.
DDK Positioning have got you covered, and that’s why we confidently claim: Accuracy Everywhere!


When things finally cooled enough for the first hydrogen atoms to form, the Universe swiftly became transparent. Is our universe infinite in size and contents? The universe is finite. But I always say that we don't know for sure that this happened. However, scientists think that the universe is flat like a pancake. Both possibilities have mind-bending implications. – user2735 Nov 26 '12 at 22:09 If the universe is infinite, and there is a possibility different from zero for us to find ourselves not been contacted by our doppelgänger yet, then that scenario is happening just right now, with 100% of certainty. Morning Edition is asking questions about the universe, part of an effort to put things in perspective. But in CCC, it never goes through a period of contraction â it only ever expands.Â, âThe view I have is that the Big Bang was not the beginning,â says Penrose. Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. But even with tweaks like this, inflation makes predictions that have, at least thus far, not been confirmed. However, due to the inflation of the universe, as well as the apparently accelerating expansion of every observable corner of the universe, the most distant light we have been able to detect is from roughly 46 billion light-years in every direction.  An actual, or completed, infinity seems to be literally a contradiction in terms; it seems to entail an end of something without an … In some variations, an infinite number of universe histories occur simultaneously at great distances from one another. If the end of the universe is the big freeze then it could prove that yes the universe us infinite. Steinhardt, who was one of the original architects of inflationary theory, ultimately got fed up with the lack of predictiveness and untestability. Our observableuniverse expanded from one tiny homogenous region within that primordial hot mess, producing the uniform CMB. However, in an infinite and eternal universe, it could be possible that an exact remake of your consciousness is created, which would allow you to live again, according to Mr Jacholkowski. Or, the Big Bang might be a transition point in a universe that has always been â and always will be â expanding. “Inflation says there’s a multiverse, that there’s an infinite number of ways the Universe might come out, and we just happen to live in the one that is smooth and flat. Both possibilities have mind-bending implications. âI always regarded inflation as a very artificial theory,â says Roger Penrose, emeritus Rouse Ball professor of mathematics at Oxford University. Because we live in three dimensions, 250 times the radius means (250) 3 times the volume, or more than 15 million times as much space. Space is black & you can only see so many stars. Lets say the numbers 1-19-23-45-46-53 are the numbers that popped out of the lotto machine. Sometimes it's too weak, and the universe implodes again before anything can form. One of the predictions of CCC is that there might be a record of the previous aeon in the cosmic microwave background radiation that originally inspired the inflation model. A universe smaller than the observable. DON'T MISSLife after death: Scientist’s claims 'you’re going to this place’Life after death: Chaplain reveals communication from beyond graveLife after death: Shocking research reveals what happens when you die, “There is also another possibility that if the concept of an infinite multiverse is correct, sooner or later a copy of myself will be realised somewhere else.”. What would an Infinite Universe Mean? âThe hope is not necessarily that we're going to see the beginning more directly, but that maybe through some roundabout way we'll better understand the structure of physics itself.â. For example, take lotto numbers. “Hopefully it will be possible in the future to clone our minds but it is rather a kind of science fiction as this cloning will be never perfect due to possible quantum processes in our minds, impossible to reproduce. Posted by. If the Universe is infinite, does that mean we'll eventually do this all over again? Quantum physics also forces inflation theories into very messy territory. For starters, the fact that we know the observable universe to be 93 billion light-years across is astonishing — that’s a great story in itself, and you can read about it extensively here — but how do we know it? And it is these that make up dark matter, according to those who support the Mirror Universe theory. The Earth seemed flat because it looked so big. Other times the force is too strong, and the universe expands so rapidly that the laws of physics are entirely convoluted, and nothing has a chance, especially life. 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Planetarium is the place where you can watch educational and entertaining shows about all fields of science, especially about astronomy and sky.
The most notable feature of planetarium is its dome having 360 degrees special screen around the audience and it is possible to simulate stars, planets, other celestial bodies and their motions by using special projectors. Therefore planetariums are different than traditional cinemas and it gives a feeling of reality and an unusual experience to the audience.
The planetarium in Kayseri Science Center is the biggest one in Turkey. It has 14 meters diameter and 109 seat capacity.
Besides educational and entertaining shows in Kayseri Science Center Planetarium, there will be courses on different topics about astronomy.
The shows and the courses are indicated below.


NASA’s Lunar Trailblazer mission, part of the agency’s Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEX) program, is moving ahead and targeting a mid-2023 launch.
Lunar Trailblazer is a small satellite mission aimed at understanding the lunar water cycle, detecting and mapping water on the lunar surface to study how its form, abundance, and location relate to geology. The tiny satellite will detect ice signatures in reflected light and locate locations of micro-chill traps less than the size of a football field.
The spacecraft will arrive on the Moon and begin its scientific mapping nearly six months after its launch in mid-2023.
Mission Update: NASA’s Lunar Trailblazer is set for launch in mid-2023. This little satellite has a big job to do: it will help us understand the lunar water cycle and the amount, shape and distribution of water on the Moon. https://t.co/DIuuaVfD2E
— NASA Moon (@NASAMoon) November 9, 2022
NASA evaluated the Lunar Trailblazer mission after cost overruns were reported by the project. Mission partners have rescheduled the remaining work and costs to complete the mission for a total increase of $8 million.
“Mission proposals for the SIMPLEx program have been capped at $55 million. The updated mission total of $72 million includes previously agreed upon changes to the mission implementation, including the provider of spacecraft, launch vendor and launch date, among others,” the agency said in a statement. statement on Wednesday.
In a blog post, NASA said the team continues to work on spacecraft assembly. Two of the spacecraft’s science instruments – JPL’s High-resolution Volatiles and Minerals Moon Mapper, and the University of Oxford’s Lunar Thermal Mapper, funded by the UK Space Agency – are expected to be delivered before the end of the year.
NASA’s SIMPLEx program provides opportunities for low-cost, high-risk science missions that meet flexibility requirements.


- Heavenly bodiesThe heavenly bodies are the stars.
The small dictionary of idiomes. 2014.
Look at other dictionaries:
heavenly bodies — plural noun The sun, moon, planets, comets, stars, etc • • • Main Entry: ↑heaven … Useful english dictionary
heavenly bodies — DEMONs of the world of darkness who cause all the misery and strife in the world. The Testament of Solomon identifies two groups of seven or 36 heavenly bodies who are demonic powers of the world. Tsol 8 describes the first group of seven.… … Encyclopedia of Demons and Demonology
heavenly bodies — The heavenly bodies are the stars. (Dorking School Dictionary) … English Idioms & idiomatic expressions
Heavenly bodies — The heavenly bodies are the stars … Dictionary of English idioms
heavenly bodies — noun a) plural of heavenly body b) often used in plural form to refer to the large/celestial bodies in outer space … Wiktionary
heavenly bodies — any of the objects seen in the sky (sun, moon, stars, etc.) … English contemporary dictionary
The Heavenly Bodies — Infobox Wrestling team article name= The Heavenly Bodies type= T caption= members=Vito DeNucci Chris Nelson names= former members=Tom Prichard Stan Lane Jimmy Del Ray debut=1992 disbanded= Prichard and Lane 1993 Prichard and Del Ray 1996 DeNucci… … Wikipedia
The Heavenly Bodies (1960s) — Do not to be confused with the more popular Heavenly Bodies which wrestled in SMW and WWF during the 1990s Infobox Wrestling team article name=The Heavenly Bodies type=T caption= members=Al Greene Don Greene names= former members= billed=… … Wikipedia
worship of heavenly bodies — noun the worship of planets or stars • Syn: ↑astrolatry • Hypernyms: ↑worship … Useful english dictionary
heavenly — O.E. heofonlic celestial; chaste; see HEAVEN (Cf. heaven) + LY (Cf. ly) (1). Meaning beautiful, divinely lovely is late 14c., often (though not originally) with reference to the celestial music of the spheres; weakened sense of excellent,… … Etymology dictionary


Friday, May 04, 2007
A sight to be seen
Many people may have heard me complain (endlessly)about the terrible weather within the NW winter/spring where cloudy days are followed by rainy days followed by cloudy days in an endless dreary cycle. However, I may not talk about another phenomenon that happens so rare I almost don't think about it anymore. As rare as a beautiful sunny day is around this time, a clear night sky is an even more rare thing. The most crystal blue skies during the day will almost always be followed by nights where a deep veil of clouds hangs unmoving over the city. The darkness is so eternal and stifling that the moon and stars seems more like mythical objects than real things. I think it has been at least 3 months since I've seen a clear night sky. This is why it is such a rare treat when I drove out from my late dinner party tonight and saw the most perfect FULL moon shining brightly in the sky. It is surrounded by the thinnest of clouds that was not able to obscure its light. It was even more beautiful when I drove over the bridge and saw its pale reflection shimmering over the black waters. I was so mesmerized that I almost swerved out of my lane. I was determined to rush home as quickly as possible and take a picture of this sight. Alas, just as I was reaching home, all the while straining my neck to keep the moon in my sight, The ever ominous cloud cover slowly crept in, until the last silver lining flickered and disappeared, and the moment was lost.


Nutrition, the Final Frontier.
by joshua iufer
With the recent decline in U.S. space flight, it felt only fitting to consider what challenges might face future endeavors. Space is a curious thing. It runs counter to our reason, opposite our biology. As much as we try, we’ll never truly adapt to space. We can only survive it. That distinction may not seem like much, but it carries serious implications. Adapting implies our capability of doing well, in other words succeeding in such a way that we hardly notice […]
Categories: TECHNOLOGY • Tags: Astronaut, Health, Mars, Medicine, Nutrition, Space


Tuesday, September 26, 2017
I never knew - ‘till Kalamazoo
What did I not know until Kalamazoo? There is a tremendous amount that I didn’t know, and still don’t. But that is probably true for most of us. What I am talking about is some of the events related to how we evolved over the past two billion years to become the dominant species on earth. Our knowledge of evolution is riddled with gaps and errors, even though the general story of evolution by natural selection is probably close to the truth. The last section tells of three important ways marine species may have been able to survive the intense extended period of pre-Cambrian asteroid bombardment.
Many that believe in God reject evolution because the sequence of chance and random events are not acceptable as work of a creator conforming to their concept of God. Many scientists, especially biologists, have found it difficult to accept God as the creator because acceptance is not compatible with their concept of the chance and randomness involved in evolution. Both may struggle with the chaos, disasters, evil, and other bad things they see in the world and want to blame God, or see it as evidence of God’s non-existence.
Stop for a moment, and think about something in your life that seemed bad, but in retrospect you see that it helped make you who you are. There are numerous such occasions in the evolution of life that may have been essential for evolution to take its peculiar course over the last billion years it took to produce Homo sapiens. If that doesn’t inspire you, read on, find out how important extinction events were in the course of evolution leading to us.
THE FIRST TEN BILLION YEARS
The “Big Bang” begs a question like the one asking “is there is a noise if a tree falls in the wilderness and there is no one there to hear it?” Astrophysicists have an answer for the projected rapid expansion from the first relative speck to the slowing expansion, formation of elementary particles, elements, and the first generation of stars. Condensation of materials into later generations of stars (after the extinction of some early ones) was responsible for the formation of heavier elements completing the materials needed for the evolution of life on planets with favorable conditions around stars like our sun.
We don’t need to know the details of the formation of our solar system. It was probably similar to a billion other places of the expanding universe. Whether the protoplanetary disks around the stars formed by condensation of more diffuse matter, or from emissions or explosions from the newly formed stars, sufficient matter ended up forming planets spinning and orbiting the sun. Some planets had sufficient gravity to retain gases in their atmosphere and retain space debris striking them. Planets tend to collect most of the debris as well as larger objects in their orbits. The larger objects sometimes were captured in orbit as moons or impacted the planets with varying results. The sun, with its massive gravity, probably collected many objects, even planets, that lost speed due to some collisions and fell into the sun.
Our moon does not have seas and atmosphere like the earth, so erosion has not obscured the craters produced by impacting meteors, comets, and asteroids. In fact, the moon may have provided some protection to us from some that would otherwise have hit the earth. Craters are much more numerous on the far side of the moon than they are on the lava fields of the near side.
Some worry more than necessary about the danger of an asteroid causing our extinction as part of a phenomenon much like the events terminating the dinosaurs. It is remotely possible, but the solar systems planetary arrangement suggests that a much more stable system exists than the state several billion years ago.
Where would we be without asteroids?
The irregular structure of some asteroids and craters or “pock marks” shows they had been stuck many times. The presence of many moons and smaller satellites around the four largest planets, all beyond Mars, suggest that some were captured as moons and perhaps the collision with potential moons and or planets may have provided the fragments (asteroids) of the asteroid belt orbiting in space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Some of those fragments provided extinction-type events in decreasing frequency as they were swept up by earth, the moon, adjacent planets and their moons. In the beginning impacting asteroids contributed mass to the earth. They probably sped up some of the potential chemical evolution steps in the pre-biotic earth. Perhaps their craters filled with water to make many experiments in addition to the intertidal pools where the chemical steps leading to organic life may have started.
How life survived asteroids
The late pre-Cambrian is thought to have experienced a long period of more intense asteroid impacts. The abyssal sea was so great a portion of the earth’s surface layer, and the cold polar seawater flowing toward the equatorial region had high density due to temperature and salinity that allowed it to gradually replace bottom water. The process continued taking thousands of years to have bottom water reach the surface, just as happens today. Animals able to adapt to the abyss had such an extensive area to inhabit it enabled some to survive even the worst asteroid hits.
A second method was the selection of cysts and other survival mechanisms used as overwintering, drought resistant, and dispersal stages that can emerge from somewhat suspended animation when conditions improve. Such stages were already being selected by the rigors of surviving dry periods in freshwater temporary ponds as well as in saltwater pools along ocean shores. Gemmules of sponges and statoblasts of bryozoans are cystlike asexual reproductive bodies, common among freshwater species but missing in marine species, suggesting such survival mechanisms are now less valuable for marine species in their more stable environment.
A third method is direct uptake of nutrients dissolved in seawater. The mortality of marine species may well have boosted the dissolved organic matter content of seawater following an asteroid extinction event. It may be an important method in today’s oceans for the survival of larval stages during dispersal, especially in species providing little yolk for nutrient reserves for the larvae. Stephens, Grover C., and Robert A. Schinske (1961, Limnology and Oceanography, 6:175-181.) found that in ten phyla tested only arthropods did not take up amino acids from very dilute solutions in seawater. Manahan and Crisp (1982, American Zoologist, 22:635-646) found dissolved amino acids could be taken up by bivalves from egg to adult stages.
The pogonophora benefitted by their living in the abyss, a relatively protected location of such great extent that remnants of the population might survive. They also benefitted from the third method of direct uptake of dissolved nutrients in sediment water. The "degenerate" appearance of the pogonophorans is part of an evolutionary step backward that laid the groundwork for the advance of animals to today's vertebrates.
Joseph G. Engemann Kalamazoo, Michigan September 26, 2017


|Result||Accomplished goal but no firsts|
US flight firsts:
|Rockets||Atlas D, Redstone and Little Joe|
|Contractor||McDonnell Aircraft (spacecraft)|
|Cost||$1.68 billion (current prices)|
|Followers||Gemini and Apollo|
|Rival||Vostok program (Soviet)|
Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the UnitedStates lead by its newly created space agency NASA. It ran from 1959through 1963 with the goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth,and doing it before the Soviet Union, as part of the early space race. Itinvolved 7 astronauts flying a total of 6 solo trips. On 5 May 1961, AlanShepard became the first American in space in a suborbital flight after theSoviet Union had put Yuri Gagarin into space and orbit one month earlier. John Glenn became the first American to reach orbit on 20February 1962, he was the third person to do so, after soviet Gherman Titov had made a day long flight in August 1961. When the project endedin May 1963 USA was still behind Soviet but the gap was seen as closingand a race to the Moon had begun.
The space race started in 1957 by the launch of the Soviet satelliteSputnik I. This came as a shock to the American public and lead to thecreation of NASA to gather the efforts in space exploration alreadyexisting in USA. After the launch of the first American satellite in 1958,manned space flight became the next goal. The spacecraft was producedby McDonnell Aircraft. It was cone shaped with room for one persontogether with supplies of water, food and oxygen in a pressurized cabin.It was launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida by modified militarymissiles, most importantly Atlas D, and had a rescue tower for protectionfrom a failing rocket. The whole flight could be controlled from the groundthrough a network of tracking stations which also allowed communicationwith the astronaut. If necessary, the astronaut could override commandsfrom the ground. For reentry into Earth's atmosphere, small rockets wereused to bring the spacecraft out of its orbit. A heatshield would protectthe spacecraft from the friction of the air and, a parachute would slow thecraft for a water landing. Here both astronaut and spacecraft were pickedup by helicopter and brought to a ship.
From a slow start with humiliating mistakes the Mercury Project becamepopular and the manned flights were watched by millions on radio and TVnot only in USA but around the world. Apart from the manned missions,Mercury had a total of 20 unmanned launches as a part of thedevelopment of the project. This also involved test animals, mostfamously the chimpanzees Ham and Enos. Mercury laid the groundworkfor Project Gemini and the follow-on Apollo moon-landing program, whichwas announced a few weeks after the first manned flight. The astronautswent under the name Mercury Seven and they named their spacecraftwith a "7" to the name. The project name was taken from Mercury, a Roman god. It is estimated to have cost $1.68 billion and have involvedthe work of 2 million people.


EXPLORING IS BETTER THAN READIND OR HUNTING THROUGH ENCYCLOPEDIA
Astronomy is the science of life. Our day to day life is governed by time, direction, season, all of which are off springs of astronomy. Astronomy education is imperative for young minds to understand, learn, explore experiment and experience the wonders of the universe. Not only this, Astronomy with hands-on learning helps in complete development of children.
The club deals with development of multiple intelligences of the participating students and is in line with STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) education philosophy.
Some of the activities carried out in the club are:-
Rocket making – In this activity the students use a bottle to make a rocket by designing it with the help of basic principles of science. It is really an exciting activity.
Making a rocket launcher- is one of the best activities, in which the students use PVC pipes to make the rocket launcher in which air pressure is used to release the rocket.
Solar heater – To make it, the students use foil papers and black papers, two thermo col cups and the solar heater is ready by putting the cups in a container which could hold it.
Pinhole camera- For this the students use two white charts, a butter paper and black paper, the students make two rolls of the white chart and covere one with butter a paper and other with black paper and made a small hole in the black paper so that light could be transferred.
Making a telescope- The students take two rolls of card board and paint them black and put them go one inside the other and finally fix the lenses on two sides and complete the activity which also is one of the amazing activities.
Time and direction- The students make a sun dial using a pencil and clay. Then the shadow is marked at the interval of two minutes before 11:45 am and at that time the sundial is kept in the north direction.
Safe solar observation- In this activity the students learn different ways to observe the sun safely.
All India Asteroid Search Campaign (AIASC)- It is a wonderful activity in which the students used a software to search the asteroids from the pictures we get from the satellite.
Earthkam project- In this project the students took the pictures of earth with the help of ISSEarth Kam


The strangely touristy thrill of standing in two hemispheres can easily be fulfilled just outside of Quito. There is a thriving tourist complex claiming to be the middle of the world. Well the equator is a rather lengthy line and there are many places to stand on the middle. However, the true claim to understanding Ecuador’s claim to being la ‘mitad del mundo’ can be explored a little further from the touristy glare.
Quitsato is an enormous sundial set precisely on the equator. In fact, unlike the tourist Ciudad Mitad del Mundo, this measurement has been confirmed accurate using the latest in geospatial technology. Yes it is cool to stand in both the northern and southern hemispheres, but the real allure of this place is the astronomical and historical knowledge.
Since the days of pre-Incan society, people aligned themselves and their settlements to the movements of the sun. Standing within the sundial, the staff explain the annual movement of the sun and how it aligns with archeological sites scattered around the area. These sites sit on the exact lines that the rising and setting sun make on the two equinoxes and the two solstices.
Going even further, it shows that the centro historico of Quito itself was aligned to one of these lines and that the famous Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús has a special window that permits the sun to shine through and alight a piece of the altar on the solstice.
So, why the ‘middle of the world’ then? It is because the topography of Ecuador permitted the ancient people to understand the movement of the sun in a way that is difficult in other places in which the equator passes. On most of its journey the equator is over open seas or lush equatorial rainforest – not places conducive to the type of precise astronomical calculations needed to witness sunrises and sunsets.
Standing at Quitsato you see the slopes of Cayambe volcano to the east – also the highest point on the equator. And as you turn in each direction there are clear hillsides that mark the solstices and equinoxes. And on every one of those hillsides is an archeological site. Incredibly, the ancients understood the sun and its movements in a way that most 21st century humans can only pretend to understand – even with our technology. It is impressive to stand there and feel a connection to this shared human experience.
It’s highly worth checking out their website if you can’t make a trip there in person. They have loads of information about the equator and their work, and some lovely images with local Ecuadorian dancers at this important landmark. The short video on their homepage is beautiful: www.quitsato.org. Thank you Josue and your team for always being so welcoming and informative on all of our visits with friends and family.


William R. Pickett
William R. Pickett is a Senior Hardware Engineer and Antenna Range Master at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1969–retired 2011). His specialty is spacecraft antenna systems starting with Mariner 8, Viking, Voyager, Galileo, GRACE, GRAIL, the Mars rovers, and the Mars Science Laboratory spacecrafts among others and various classified programs. Before 1969, he worked on the Apollo Program command and service module antenna systems with North American Aviation/Rockwell.
William contributed a chapter to Parallels and Convergences: Mormon Thought and Engineering Vision.


That is… unfortunate.
That is… unfortunate.
the smarter u are the more men arent funny
current emotion: any picture of spike the dinosaur from land before time
MISC BIRDBOYS oh god im going to have a nap. please enjoy
[doesn’t talk to anyone at all] why don’t i have any friends
An international team of astronomers has discovered an exotic young planet that is not orbiting a star. This free-floating planet, dubbed PSO J318.5-22, is just 80 light-years away from Earth and has a mass only six times that of Jupiter. The planet formed a mere 12 million years ago, a newborn in planet lifetimes.
"We have never before seen an object free-floating in space that looks like this. It has all the characteristics of young planets found around other stars, but it is drifting out there all alone," explained team leader Dr. Michael Liu of the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. “I had often wondered if such solitary objects exist, and now we know they do.”
The discovery paper of PSO J318.5-22 is being published by Astrophysical Journal Letters and is available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.0457.
Image: Artist’s conception of PSO J318.5-22. Credit: MPIA/V. Ch. Quetz
Support young people exploring their gender identity 2k14
Nickname: zeo, zeze, zeoia, z, thatz, tasha, t (online, irl and game nicknames)
Birthday: july 21
Time Zone: EST
What time and date is it there: 12:01am august 22, 2014
Average hours of sleep I get each night: 8 i guess?
The last thing I Googled was: princess princess
My most used phrase(s): oh balls, dont look at me im terato trash
First word that comes to mind: sleepy
What I last said to a family member: thanks for the food
One place that makes me happy: bed
How many blankets I sleep under: one
Favourite beverage(s): lemonade
The last movie I watched in the cinema: the amazing spiderman
Three things I can’t live without: food, water, friends
Something I plan on learning: art
A piece of advice for all my followers: Don’t fall in love with monsters.
You all have to listen to this song: Rainbow Road
My blog(s): this one, voice acting blog, naughty blog, writing blog, various failed projects that i should delete


Space - Mission Critical Ready For Launch
Micropac supplies space-level microcircuit modules and components in “mission critical” applications on launch vehicles, spacecraft, Mars Rovers, the International Space Station, spacesuits, and space telescopes.
Micropac is qualified for Class K for MIL-PRF-38534 and JAN S for MIL-PRF-19500. Micropac has supplied space-level microcircuit modules and components since the 1970’s, their products have been used in “mission critical” applications on launch vehicles, payloads and ground control systems.
Products supplied for space include custom Multi-Chip Modules, Solid State Relays, Solid State Power Controllers, LEDs, Power Management, Optocouplers and Hall Effect Devices. Standard products and custom designs are provided for space applications.
Micrppac understand LEO GEO, MEO. Deep Space Missions fall all along the SWaP- C-R spectrum. It would help if you had a partner who understands your mission's drivers. Micropac delivers using the Common Device Architecture Method and industry requirements.
Many different scientific instruments on spacecraft use our designs. Other applications include star trackers, retro rocket firing mechanisms, camera systems, imaging instruments, power distribution systems, motor controllers and thermostats.


The enchanting dance of the Northern Lights in the sky delights visitors and residents from early autumn until the end of winter. Northern Lapland is one of the best places in the world to observe the Northern Lights, as it is located just below the Aurora Oval. Here, you simply have to come and see this beauty with your own eyes, to listen to the silence, and to discover this "otherworldly" experience, with the risk of wanting to stay forever!
Celestial Magic in the Heart of Lapland
This phenomenon, unique to the polar region, occurs when particles accelerated by the Earth's magnetic field collide with particles suspended in the air. Inari-Saariselkä is ideally located under the auroral oval, which means you have a very high chance of being able to admire the spectacle of the Northern Lights in the region. On average, the Northern Lights are visible in Inari-Saariselkä up to 200 nights per year, from September to April, when the sky is clear and sufficiently dark.
The Northern Lights, how do they work?
A Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, is a beautiful and colorful light phenomenon that occurs regularly in the night sky of the Northern Hemisphere.
The Northern Lights are formed when there is a collision between:
- Charged particles (electrons and protons)
- The gases in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.
These collisions generate tiny bursts of light that fill the sky with colorful veils. Billions of glimmers appear, giving the impression that the aurora is moving or “dancing” in the sky.
It is the Earth’s magnetic field that guides the charged particles towards the poles. The shape of the Earth’s magnetic field creates two auroral ovals above the North and South magnetic poles. This is why auroras occur almost every night in the northern sky, from August to May.
When the solar wind paints the sky of Lapland
The Earth's magnetic field forms an invisible shield that protects us, including against solar wind. Periodically, the solar wind intensifies. It penetrates the Earth's magnetic field, and the flow of particles interacting with the gases in the magnetic field (the magnetosphere) creates spectacular auroras.
Inari is situated just below the auroral oval.
The Northern Lights appear in the area located below a large ring that is centered around the Earth's magnetic North Pole. This means that if you travel to a location just below this ring, or auroral oval (the green band in the image below), then you maximize your chances of seeing the Northern Lights, even when the activity is very low.
The auroral oval when the predicted activity is low: you can see that Inari is located just below the green band, almost guaranteeing a view of the Northern Lights on a clear night.
Inari, in Finnish Lapland, is situated at a latitude of 68°50′ North and is located approximately 265 km north of the Arctic Circle. This positioning places Inari just below the auroral oval. Consequently, it almost guarantees at least some Northern Lights sightings when the sky is clear, making Inari the best place to see the Northern Lights in my opinion.
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|Echo Lance Starship by Doc E|
Excerpt from the Conference on the Total Environment and the Future of Civilization
(Planetology and Space Mission Planning Series; see Enzmann Starship)
Cornucopia of Space
Mankind’s relationship with the total environment of Earth and Space extends into antiquity an estimated 40,000 years! What is popularly known as the “Age of Space” is only the result of this investment - over 40 millennia of historical association with the heavens which has literally led to all we know – agriculture, cities, commerce, and the arts, culminating now with the last and grandest stage in this relationship: Exploration of the Universe, first hand.
This development, recent though it is, has seen vast networks rise: communication, weather, and navigation satellites to serve a hundred million people of the Earth, coupled with celestial survey of its limited resources, just begun. Future children of the world will see this pyramid of systems greatly strengthened to include power generation from the sun, and seismic networks placed on other planets to act as aids to earthquake warning and eventual prevention.
And some day, to save this “good green Earth,” men will turn increasingly to the use, through manufacturing in Space, of the limitless resources of the sun – treasure-troves of minerals, chemicals, and metals orbiting one hundred million miles beyond the biosphere, and hence expendable. The “mother lode” beyond men’s wildest dreams, it is the means of silencing forever all those who state that man must stay confined in body and mind to just one world.
Acceptance of his gift, the planetary system of his sun, will ready Man to dare the greatest human adventure of them all: The ultimate of voyages Beyond Apollo, the fascinating journey to the stars!
Consider what is being said. It is extraordinary, and quite true. Now consider that this was written in 1972. What has happened? Why have we not pursued this penultimate opportunity? Many dream of exploring the heavens, the stars beckoning them, pulling their hearts upward. They have been silenced.
For tens of thousands of years we have watched the stars, recording the patterns of their movements. Time was divided by measuring these movements. Days of the week were named 5000 BC. Seven thousand years later, we have yet to break free. And it is not because we did not know how. It is because some who were of the opinion that we should not, prevailed.
|Dollie calendric, 38,000 BC|
This is an ancient Lunar Calendar from Vogelherd cave, Germany. I mean, really ancient. 38,000 BC. It looks like a dolly, because it was a child’s doll – and a thread winder (to keep the roved thread from kinking). It was also a teaching tool for time of day, lunar phase, seasons, plants, and animals. While winding mommy’s thread, the child learned how to tell time by the stars and sun, what seasons were and when, and lunar cycles. Our ancestors taught their very young children astronomy; they knew the movement of the heavens cradled their very lives, and thought it important to gain as much knowledge as possible. What has happened? Do kids today know how to find north without a computer or compass?
This is a star chart from Ach Valley cave, Germany, ca. 32,000 BC. It is a record of meticulous observations over a long period of time, preserved in stone for future generations. Are we as concerned?
In Russia, the USA, and Cuba, meteorites have caused damage and injury. A comet has just passed by us, quite close. Our ancestors knew of the global disaster caused by comet impact, and built a network of megalithic observatories like Gobekli Tepe (Turkey) to study the sky, to learn what was always there, how it moved, where it went, what was coming, and then, what was out of place. Watchers were vigilant. Are we?
All this knowledge has accumulated in our history. Since then, we have found thousands of habitable Earth-like places to go. Our ancestors were focused on the survival of the human race. If we were, we would be prepared to colonize other worlds. They lived through unimaginable circumstances during the Ice Ages – months of cold with 50 below 0 temps, roaring winds, and ice. Everywhere. Then it warmed up – during the Atlantic Grand Climate Optimum, 5900 – 3750 BC. We made wonderful progress and sailed the oceans. The ice caps melted away and we circumnavigated the globe. We measured it. We could tell time to the split second by observing Venus – the Earth set their clocks by Venus until the 1970’s. Only atomic clocks are more accurate.
Then it all stopped; we were told the Earth was flat, at the center, and the sun and planets revolved around it. WHY? We knew better. Millennia ago our ancestors observed a curved shadow on the moon, and knew the Earth was round. Why were we lied to?
Our understanding of the past is the foundation for our perception of the present. And our vision for the future is built on our knowledge of today. Want a better future? Learn real history. If you want to control the future, change the past. This is why information is suppressed, deconstructed, and manipulated. Think. Always think. Don’t just listen and believe. Ask who, what, when, where, why, and how.
For decades I have worked with Doc E tracing the origin of symbols back tens of thousands of years. This has shaped a world view quite different from where I began. What our ancestors were capable of laid a solid foundation for us, and we have not built upon it. We have been told they were primitive, uncivilized, and brutish. These are all lies. They lived in houses, loved their children, created textiles, hunted and fished, and survived. They wrote it all down in stone with pictures, and taught it to their children. We are now publishing Duncan-Enzmann’s translations of Ice Age inscriptions from 12,500 BC, which tell us great stories of struggle and survival. They tell us of a civilization that lasted tens of thousands of years.
Our hope is that we can add knowledge of prehistory to the historic record, and gain a stronger understanding of who we are, where we have been, and then, where we can go.
The excerpt above from the Space Mission conference is only the first. Forty years ago we had a group of visionaries who could have done it. Why did we stop them? I know, who’s “we.” I certainly didn't.
Edited and posted by Michelle Snyder, White Knight Studio


October’s Full Moon in Aries reaches its peak on the 20th at 10:57 a.m. EDT.
This month’s full moon brings a great opportunity to tackle whatever projects are on your plate.
I’ll be performing a ritual to support you as you use this month’s moon’s power to advance your career or project.
Add your name to the altar.
You will be included and you will receive photos, as well as a tarot card reading.
Enter a donation amount and add your name to the notes.


International Space Act Agreement
- by tosca
- in Uncategorized
- posted April 25, 2023
The International Space Act Agreement: What You Need to Know
In recent years, space exploration has been gaining momentum, and more and more countries are taking part in this global effort. As a result, there has been a growing need for international collaboration and cooperation in space activities. This is where the International Space Act Agreement comes in.
The International Space Act Agreement (ISA) is a treaty between countries that participate in space activities. It provides a legal framework for the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. The agreement was first signed by the United States in 1967, and since then, many other countries have signed on to it.
The ISA covers a broad range of activities related to space exploration, including scientific research, commercial activities, and the use of space technology for peaceful purposes. The agreement also establishes guidelines for the conduct of space missions and sets forth rules for the protection of astronauts and cosmonauts.
One of the key provisions of the ISA is that it prohibits the placing of weapons of mass destruction in orbit around the Earth or on other celestial bodies. This provision has been instrumental in ensuring the peaceful use of space and preventing an arms race in outer space.
Another important aspect of the ISA is that it establishes a legal framework for the allocation of space resources. This includes the resources contained in asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The agreement sets forth guidelines for the use of these resources, including the need for international cooperation and consultation.
The ISA also provides for the sharing of space technology and information among participating countries. This has led to increased collaboration and innovation in the space industry, as countries work together to develop new technologies and advance scientific research.
Overall, the International Space Act Agreement is a critical framework for the peaceful exploration and use of outer space. As space activities continue to grow and evolve, the ISA will play an increasingly important role in ensuring that these activities are conducted in a safe, responsible, and cooperative manner.


Kodaikanal is one of the very popular holiday destination hill resorts in South India. This hill station stands 7200 feet above sea level and situated in upper palani hills of the westernghats near Madurai in Tamil Nadu. Kodaikanal is also popularly known as the princes of Hill Stations.
The cool and misty weather, the scenic beauty of the rolling hills and the wooded forest of Kodaikanal and its surroundings will mesmerize any visitor throughout the year. Walk through the wooded forests, row in the lake, bath in one of the splashing waterfalls, go for horse riding and cycling around the lake or simply admire the views.
The Kodaikanal Observatory of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics is located in the beautiful Palani range of hills in Southern India. It was established in 1899 as a Solar Physics Observatory and all the activities of the Madras Observatory were shifted to Kodaikanal.
A 20 cm refractor at the Observatory is used occasionally for cometary and occultation observations. It is also sometimes made available to visitors for night sky viewing.
The Observatory has arranged a popular Astronomy museum on campus for the visitors. The displays are mainly pictorial, supported by a few models. A live solar image and the Fraunhofer spectrum are also presented. From April 1st to June 15th Kodaikanal Observatory is open to public between 10:00 to 12:00 hrs and 14:00 to 16:00 hrs. For the rest of the year the Observatory will be open to public only on every Friday between 10:00 to 12:00 hrs.
How to Reach:
Madurai is the Nearest Airport
Dindigul - Kodai Road Railway station


Worlds Without End
by H. Spencer Jones,” No ISBN, published by Hodder & Stoughton in London 1938,185mm Tall, 12mo, Third Edition, text in English, unsigned, Dust jacket
A picture of the Universe and of the place that the Earth occupies in it, as revealed by astronomical observations. Index. Light brown cloth covers with blind stamped ruled decoration. Dust jacket has loss at top of spine, wear to edges with creases and small tears. Foxing on page edges. Slight stains to spine at top and tail.


According to our database1, Haichao Gui authored at least 10 papers between 2015 and 2019.
Legend:Book In proceedings Article PhD thesis Other
Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Pose Tracking With Control Allocation.
IEEE Trans. Contr. Sys. Techn., 2019
Global finite-time attitude consensus of leader-following spacecraft systems based on distributed observers.
Robust Adaptive Tracking of Rigid-Body Motion With Applications to Asteroid Proximity Operations.
IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2017
Comments on "Finite-time consensus and collision avoidance control algorithms for multiple AUVs" [Automatica 49 (2013) 3359-3367].
Global finite-time attitude tracking via quaternion feedback.
Systems & Control Letters, 2016
Global Finite-Time Attitude Tracking via Quaternion Feedback.
Finite-time output-feedback position and attitude tracking of a rigid body.
Attitude tracking of a rigid spacecraft using two internal torques.
IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015
Adaptive integral sliding mode control for spacecraft attitude tracking with actuator uncertainty.
J. Franklin Institute, 2015
Small-time local controllability of spacecraft attitude using control moment gyros.