6 edition of Space telescope cost, schedule, and performance found in the catalog.
|LC Classifications||KF27 .S3995 1983|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||iii, 288 p. :|
|Number of Pages||288|
|LC Control Number||83603387|
The Agency completed a replan of the JWST cost and schedule baseline on Septem , and sent the revised cost and schedule requirements, along with the analysis of alternatives, to Congress on Octo , in a breach report pursuant to Section of the NASA Authorization Act of (P.L. ): Baselines and Cost Controls. The Hubble Space Telescope, designed to cost $ million, finally tallied out at $ billion. Only after launch did researchers find it had reached orbit with a faulty mirror that needed correcting.
Components of the James Webb Space Telescope at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The agency announced Wednesday that it will not be ready for launch until A House hearing on the reasons for cost and schedule problems with major NASA programs pointed blame at a wide variety of sources, from the tools used to track programs to the agency's mindset to Author: Jeff Foust.
The observatory will now fly no earlier than ; until last fall, it was on the books for a launch. The telescope's overall cost is now expected to reach nearly $10 billion. Reports on the Status of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and Commercial Astronaut Crew Program for Space Station Transport - Continued Problems, Challenges, and Schedule Strain with Cost Implications. The e-book format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference book that is as convenient.
Microgravity Fluid Management Symposium
guide to improving the national education data system
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Lilio De Medicina/Includes Microfiches (Spanish Series, No. 31)
Spanish military dictionary: English-Spanish; Spanish-English.
Subsidy and subsidy-effect programs of the U.S. Government: materials prepared for the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States.
Democracy and the arts
Root-bound, and other sketches
Additional Physical Format: Online version: Space telescope cost, schedule, and performance review, Washington: U.S.G.P.O., (OCoLC) On May 22the Subcommittee held oversight hearings to review the cost, schedule, and performance of the Space Telescope program.
These hearings coincided with a particularly crucial time in the Space Telescope program. The manufacturing phase was drawing to a close and the assembly and integration phase was scheduled to begin in November Space telescope cost, schedule, and performance: hearings before the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S.
House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, J 16, by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and : Posted: pm ET | Last Updated: pm ET | Find out about GAO's somber assessment of NASA's cost and schedule performance on its major programs -- those with a life-cycle cost of more than $ million.
It concludes the situation continues to deteriorate. The news comes just as NASA is trying to win support for its Artemis. JWST and SLS drive up cost and schedule growth on NASA programs by Jeff Foust — June 3, The spacecraft element of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope being prepared for thermal vacuum testing.
Full text of "Space telescope cost, schedule, and performance: hearings before the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress. Space telescope cost, schedule, and performance review, report / Committee on Science and Technology.
Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications. Abstract. Item A-1, A-2 (microfiche)"Serial JJ.""October "Distributed to some depository libraries in head of title: Committee of access. Page 2 GAO James Webb Space Telescope. sustained key improvements to performance and oversight undertaken since To assess the extent to which the project is executing within its revised cost and schedule targets, we examined the status of the project’s schedule, cost, and technical risks.
Specifically, we analyzed monthly. NASA’s Historic Challenges to Meeting Cost, Schedule, and Performance Goals NASAs storied history evidences a unique agency with spectacular accomplishments.
For example, since its launch in the Hubble Space Telescope (Hubble) has helped scientists determine the age of the universe, identify quasars, and prove the existence of dark Size: KB.
For JWST, the Hubble Space Telescope's successor, these areas include cost, schedule, technical, and business management and are established in the contract's performance evaluation plans. Get this from a library. Space telescope cost, schedule, and performance: hearings before the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S.
House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, J 16, [United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology.
The latest upgrades on the telescope cost about $ million. After the current round of repairs, the telescope is expected to function until While this may seem like a lot, it is actually cheaper than building a new telescope.
Whatever the costs of the Hubble Space Telescope, its contribution to astronomy and science will endure. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) project is generally executing to its September revised cost and schedule baseline; however, several challenges remain that could affect continued progress.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has requested funding that is in line with the rebaseline and the project is maintaining 14 months of schedule. SLS and JWST are identified as having deteriorating cost and schedule performance due to risky decisions involving technology.
GAO found the commercial crew contractors continue to have. WASHINGTON — As NASA commits to performing another cost and schedule estimate for the James Webb Space Telescope, the chairman of an independent review board said he’s concerned about its.
A variety of risks and benefits are associated with on-orbit servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). There are risks to human safety, as well as several types of programmatic risks, including not meeting cost requirements, not meeting schedule.
James Webb Space Telescope Schedule Reserve Remaining in and a. Inthe ISIM and OTE elements were in separate integration efforts. Inthey were Our approach included an examination of the schedule, technical, and cost performance of the project since our last report in December —.
The James Webb Space Telescope (sometimes called Webb or JWST) is a large infrared telescope with a meter primary mirror. Webb will be the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide.
Webb’s launch delayed to at an extra cost of nearly $1 billion detailing Webb’s new schedule and cost estimates. the James Webb Space Telescope will be worth the cost of. launch date with adequate cost and schedule margin, consistent with the ICRP recommendation. PROJECT PURPOSE JWST is a large, deployable, space-based infrared astronomical observatory.
The mission is the scientific and technological successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, extending Hubble's discoveries by looking into the infrared spectrum. The telescope for WFIRST has successfully passed its preliminary design review, a major milestone for the mission.
This means the telescope has met the performance, schedule, and budget Author: Ashley Balzer. Now estimated to cost $ billion, the project's costs have increased by 95 percent and its launch date has been delayed by over years since its cost and schedule baselines were established.James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Program Status and Replan Astrophysics Subcommittee Julyfor conducting in- depth analysis and projections of monthly JWST Project cost and schedule performance.
DONE. Improve communications between the JWST Project and both GSFC management and NASA Space Telescope. File Size: 2MB.


The Atmospheres of Exoplanets: Windows Into Formation History and Habitability
Le LATMOS a le plaisir d’accueillir le Pr Kevin Heng, directeur du centre spatial et d’habitabilité de l’Université de Bern (spécialiste de l’analyse des données spatiales pour l’étude des atmosphères exoplanétaires).
Exoplanet science is in an age of revolution. Building on the basic measurement of masses and radii of exoplanets, astronomers have now developed techniques for measuring spectra of their atmospheres. Interpreting these spectra using state-of-the-art Bayesian techniques yields posterior distributions of the chemical abundances and other atmospheric properties.
For gas-giant exoplanets, the inferred chemistry of their primary (inherited from the primordial nebula), hydrogen-dominated atmospheres offers hints on their formation history. For terrestrial exoplanets with secondary, outgassed atmospheres, atmospheric spectra offer a crucial window into their habitability and geochemical conditions.
In this talk, I will provide an overview of the use of traditional Bayesian (nested sampling) and machine learning (random forest) methods to interpret spectra from both ground- and space-based data. I will explain the classical machine learning method of the random forest as a type of Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) method, and elucidate how it may be used to perform information content analysis of spectra from the upcoming (2021) James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). When analyzing ground-based, high-resolution spectra, traditional Bayesian methods are infeasible and carry idealised assumptions; I will describe a recently developed method that combines cross correlations with machine learning.
I will end by sketching the Big Picture questions for the future study of exoplanetary atmospheres, including elucidating the nature of mini-Neptunes (which have atmospheres that are neither solely primary nor secondary), the role of geochemical cycles in sculpting the secondary atmospheres of rocky exoplanets (and influencing the existence of a habitable zone) and the path towards discovering extraterrestrial life via the remote detection of biosignature gases. Understanding geochemistry is critical as it is a source of false positives for biosignatures; whether a gas is a biosignature is strongly dependent on the background atmosphere.
En présentiel dans l’amphithéâtre Gérard Mégie (OVSQ – 11 bd d’Alembert – 78 Guyancourt)


How to reach us from...Mars
Well, never mind: it’s not a very long journey and we’ll guide you.
Board your spaceship and use Martian teleporting to reach the top of Olympus Mons, whence you shall start your
journey. Set a speed of 340,798,557 m/s: if you’re in luck and the traffic isn’t too heavy you can expect to get here
in three hours and a half or so.
As soon as you leave Mars‘s atmosphere turn left (for turning right you’d be heading for Jupiter) and continue for
about 80 million km. At a certain point you might come across one or more of the six Martian satellites equipped
with a speed camera: slow down to 290,798,557 m/s or less.
Keep flying SW until you find planet ET. Remember to fill up because you won’t find another service station for
about 47 million km—where fuel comes at exorbitant prices only.
Leave the atmosphere of ET, fly directly towards the Chewbacca star cluster, overtake it, keep on flying till you
reach the Dart Vader black hole, then turn left. Another 35 million km will see you at the interstellar customs
house, where you will be asked: “How can a space miner eke out a living after he’s been laid off?” You may
reply, “He can try to scrape out an existence”.
As you clear the customs you can either continue through the Spock nebula or proceed forward for some 10
million km until the Solar Fields. Visibility within the nebula is poor, but you’ll have a safe journey; by choosing to
go through the Solar Fields you may save about half an hour, but you will also risk bumping into some sort of
space debris. Indeed, this belt is haunted by the progeny of Laika the dog, a fact recently reported to the Galactic
Police owing to the dilapidated hovels in which they live.
Once you are through either the Spock nebula or the Solar Fields, keep flying straight ahead for another 2 million
km and you’ll get to Gavirate, 40 via Rovera, exactly where we are. Ring the bell and leave your spaceship in the
cark park within: we will be pleased to welcome you with a steaming cup of coffee, to us earthlings one of the
most popular beverages !
Testo di Valeria Galbiati


A SPACE TO CALL HOME
Ready for immediate occupancy, move-in condition: Four-room mobile home with no bath, no kitchen, no beds, and the world's most spectacular view.
In fact, the world is the view.
Last week, when the space shuttle Discovery pulled away from the $60 billion International Space Station, it left behind the three astronauts who will inaugurate the scientific mission of mankind's most sophisticated home in space. Though still far from finished, the ISS is now officially the largest structure ever placed into orbit, with computers and lab equipment that would have been the envy of the crews on any of the world's previous space stations.
And yet, in its present form, the ISS has limitations that may leave its multinational crews hankering for the good old days of earlier space stations like Mir, the 15-year-old Russian station that met its fiery end last week.
There is no real kitchen yet, so the astronauts will eat canned or freeze-dried food. (There is a freezer, but it's being used for blood and urine samples). There is no shower, so they'll have to rely on sponge baths. And while the total amount of enclosed space is greater than previous stations, there is no single area as roomy as the huge interior of Skylab, the US station of the 1970s whose round main cabin was big enough for astronauts to mimic ''jogging'' around the outside wall.
And no part of the ISS is a refuge from politics. Many of the station's current limitations, intended as temporary, could end up being permanent if cutbacks proposed in the Bush administration's new budget are implemented. Among other things, that would eliminate the planned ''habitation'' module, with its kitchen, sleeping quarters and shower. And some research facilities also could face the chopping block.
But now, at least, there is enough equipment in place so that the ISS can begin its job as a laboratory. The scientific mission of the station - much of which concerns how the human body reacts to weightlessness - is a prerequisite for eventual human missions to Mars and beyond. But for now, most of the work is considerably less glamorous: Ensuring survival of the craft and its crew.
The high life
The new mission began two weeks ago, when the crew of Captain Yury Usachev and Americans James Voss and Susan Helms pulled themselves through a 3-foot-wide hatch and entered an interior that counts as relatively roomy, by space standards.
To its occupants, the station resembles a series of hallways meeting at right angles, like four big panel trucks parked close together with hatchways connecting them. There are few windows, a constant hum of mechanical equipment, and almost every surface is covered with racks of electronic equipment - not just the walls, but the ''floors'' and ''ceilings'' as well.
The structure is a series of large modules connected through ''nodes,'' smaller cylinders with six hatches. The first node, called Unity, was attached last fall, and the US laboratory module was added to one end of Unity last month. In the coming years, new modules and nodes will be attached one at a time, adding labs and living space.
Some aspects of space-station architecture have changed little since the former Soviet Union launched the first space station in 1971. The ISS core module, launched in 1999, is a modified version of the core of Mir, which itself was adapted from the seven Salyut stations that preceded it.
The ISS computers, thanks to the long testing period before a new system can be approved for launch, are actually a few years behind what you can buy at Staples. Most of the station's functions can be controlled from IBM laptops running Windows 95. Its laboratory equipment is mostly standard devices that can be shared by a variety of different research projects, unlike the custom-built equipment needed for earlier experiments. And its huge solar panels will ultimately provide more than twice the power of those on Mir, where astronauts frequently had to turn off some equipment to conserve power.
It will take more than 30 space flights over the next five years to finish building the station. When - and if - the station is fully complete as planned, in 2006, the ISS will have as much cabin space as two 747 jumbo jets, and weigh a million pounds.
For all the extra room afforded by the ISS, even the most basic functions of daily life are made complex in space. Lights and the drone of pumps and fans are constant, so astronauts need earplugs and eyeshades to catch any sleep. And without gravity, astronauts can strap themselves down, but the floating sensation never ceases.
Dizziness, disorientation and nausea are the most obvious biological effects of living in weightlessness, and the first ones that astronauts experience when they arrive. Sometimes they can even cause further hazards - for example, as the ISS was being constructed last year, one astronaut assigned to mount an emergency exit sign became disoriented in the symmetrical central node and put the sign on the wrong hatch. (The mistake was quickly corrected.)
But disorientation is far from the most serious long-term effect of living in space. Other problems are immune-system suppression, whose cause is not yet understood, and possible radiation damage. But many of the most crippling effects are caused by the simple absence of gravity.
On Earth, the constant pull of gravity means we're essentially getting constant exercise - everything we move, including our bodies, is affected by gravity's tug. This helps keep muscles strong and bone mass high.
In space, without that resistance, muscle and bone mass start to deteriorate. Norman Thagard, an astronaut who is also a medical doctor, experienced the effects firsthand as the first US astronaut to visit Mir, where he spent 41/2 months. In spite of twice-daily exercise on the station's stationary bicycle and treadmill, ''I lost 12 percent of my bone mass,'' he said. ''That's a problem - we don't know when the bone loss stops.''
On a future mission to Mars, which according to most proposed mission plans could involve at least two years in space, astronauts could emerge with muscles so weak they would be unable to stand up in a planet's gravity - or with bones that fracture on impact.
Increasingly, specialists in space medicine wonder whether the ''artificial gravity'' produced by a spinning space station may be the most effective way of maintaining the crew's strength. Perhaps the most famous space station of all was the huge wheel in ''2001: A Space Odyssey.'' Based on real designs by rocket pioneer Werner von Braun, the huge spinning station with its hotel and roomy lounges made it possible for people to walk around just as if they were on Earth, held down by centrifugal force that exactly mimicked Earth's gravity.
But a spinning spacecraft could pose its own problems. Experiments at Brandeis University, which has a 20-foot-diameter spinning room at its Graybiel Laboratory, suggest centrifugal ''gravity'' could have debilitating effects. If someone in the spinning room attempts to touch his fingertip to his nose, for instance, the effect is comically similar to someone failing a sobriety test. A ball thrown straight ahead swerves dramatically to the side. Any head movement is an invitation to instant sickness.
So far, however, centrifuges have been tested only on Earth. The idea of a space-station centrifuge big enough to house animals has ''been under discussion since the '70s,'' said Lawrence Young, Apollo professor of astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and director of the Space Biomedical Research Institute. ''It's been the top recommendation'' of every group that has ever evaluated proposed life-sciences research equipment for space missions, he said.
One such centrifuge, about a yard in diameter, is part of the plan for a Japanese research module to be added to the space station in about two years. Another, 8 feet in diameter, is being designed in California for launch in 2006, but is potentially threatened by proposed budget cuts.
Even before the latest budget proposal, the smaller centrifuge was threatened by escalating costs, Young said. ''There's been a lot of talk about scaling back, which really cuts the legs out of basic biology experiments,'' Young said.
Most space policy analysts expect that, in the end, such crucial cuts to the space station are unlikely to prevail. For one thing, it calls for reducing the crew from seven to three - the minimum number required to run the basic functions of the station. Space policy analyst John Pike calls this shortsighted: ''Like having a school with janitors but no teachers.''
For the next few months, NASA estimates, the crew will be spending most of its time on maintenance and construction, with only about 10 hours per week for research. But, as more lab equipment is installed - and if the cutbacks don't decimate the plans - the role of research will gradually increase.
If the budget cuts
really are implemented, MIT astronautics professor Charles Oman said, the station
could end up becoming ''a Potemkin village for science'' - all show and little
substance. But if enough of the scientific capability is retained, he said,
its power as a research facility will be unmatched. For the first time in the
Space Age, he said, ''it's a station built for science.''


The current time (as reported by your browser) is:
- Unix time, Unix epoch
- The number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970 (midnight UTC/GMT), not counting leap seconds (in ISO 8601: 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)
- Julian Day
- A continuous count of days and fractions since noon Universal Time on January 1, 4713 BCE (on the Julian calendar). Julian dates are widely used as time variables within astronomical software. Typically, a 64-bit floating point (double precision) variable can represent an epoch expressed as a Julian date to about 1 millisecond precision. Note that the time scale that is the basis for Julian dates is Universal Time, and that 0h UT corresponds to a Julian date fraction of 0.5.
- Modified Julian Date
- An abbreviated version of the old Julian Day (JD) introduced by space scientists in the late 1950's. It is defined as:
MJD = JD - 2400000.5Its the continuous count of days and fractions since midnight Universal Time on November 17, 1858 and is sometimes used as the number's are smaller than JD, especially on older software


A satellite is a celestial body that revolves around a planet. Moon is the earth’s satellite. Saturn has 82 satellites. Humans also have made artificial satellites. The purpose of these artificial satellites is to the orbit around the planet, gather information, and send the information in visual form back to the earth. Scientists then analyze and study the information to understand the planet better.
The Beginnings of Space Exploration
- In October 1957, the Russians (their country known then as the U.S.S.R. or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into space.
- Determined not to be outdone or left behind, the USA or the United States of America launched its first satellite, Explorer 1, in January 1958.
It was the Americans who discovered the Van Allen radiation belts, two concentric rings of energetic particles surrounding Earth. The inner belt is composed of protons, and the outer belt is composed of electrons. James Van Allen was the scientist who supervised not only the design of the instruments which collected the data, but the study of the radiation data which was gathered. In 2018, NASA celebrated the 60th Anniversary of the launching of Explorer 1.
January 1958 was a historic month and year in the history of space exploration but it was in July 1969 when American astronaut Neil A. Armstong became the first human to set foot on the moon.
The Progress of Space Exploration
Star Trek is Fiction
Since the 1950s, those who have engaged in space exploration set out to accomplish many goals. The popular television series, Star Trek, which made its debut September 1966, may have led many to believe that the goal was “To boldly go where no one has gone before!” and “to explore strange new worlds.” But the reality is that from the late 1950s to the present day 2020, human life or humanoid life or any life form on other planets have never been found and likely never will be. None of the other planets – Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, or Pluto ~ are suitable for sustaining human life. These are the conclusions reached by scientists who have thoroughly investigated information and data collected by means of satellites, and also acquired as a result of numerous lunar and planetary missions, using both manned and unmanned spacecraft.
Space Research Yields Facts
In fact, the myriad goals of space exploration, right from the very start, were primarily for the purpose of improving our life ON planet Earth. Although there are some scientists who are committed to researching whether or not certain planets can be colonized, or at minimum, whether the soil on other planets can be used to grow food for we earthlings.
Their commitment, while it may be futile (my opinion), is understandable. After all, the cries and warnings of the environmentalists and the preservationists are not being heeded. The resources of the Earth are not unlimited. They paint a bleak picture of the future of life on Earth. That’s why there are so many books and movies depicting what life would be like for humans living in a post-apocalyptic world. Those committed scientists have reasoned and rightly so, that it doesn’t really take much to keep us alive. All we need is nonpoisonous food, breathable air, and drinkable water. How hard can it be to truly create a Class-M planet? To quote George Bernard Shaw: “Imagination is the beginning of creation.” So? I guess. If you can imagine it; it can become a reality. Right?
But so far, none of the other places in the universe that have been explored have the air and water that we need. So some scientists reason that perhaps these planets have dirt! There are edible plants that do not require a lot of oxygen or sunlight to grow. It could be worth further examination.
The Benefits of Space Exploration
Even though there are those who are still waiting in anticipation and hoping that one day we will make “first contact” with “new worlds”, many of the scientific endeavors related to space exploration have yielded numerous benefits for the world we live in.
- Communication satellites were used to enable remotely located or isolated communities to listen to the radio and watch television, and learn about the world, albeit on the same planet, beyond their borders.
- Space-based sensors help predict the weather and forecast hurricanes and the movement of other storms, warning people ahead of time so that they can gather a few survival essentials and seek shelter.
- High-intensity flashlights which were originally developed for use on spacecraft to imitate sunlight are also used for search-and-rescue missions and even by campers to spend the night in the woods.
Space exploration has provided valuable information and helped us develop a knowledge and understanding of the natural processes that regularly occur on Earth. The application of space technology has improved our daily everyday life in so many ways.


I am interested in understanding the constituents of the universe and the principles that govern their interactions at the most fundamental level. Standard Model (SM) of the particle physics describes the universe in terms of quarks and leptons (spin=1/2), force carriers (photon, $W/Z$ and gluons, spin=1) and Higgs boson, a scalar particle. Higgs boson plays a special role in this model. Quarks and leptons acquire mass through their interaction with Higgs field. All these particles are point particles i.e. they have no internal structure. SM has been tested extensively and has proved to be a very successful "theory of almost everything visible" up to the energies accessible in the laboratories. Discovery of Higgs boson, the last missing piece of the SM, was announced on July 4, 2012 by two experiments working at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, a European particle physics laboratory, Geneva Switzerland. LHC collides two proton beams. The center of mass energy was 7 TeV in 2010, increased to 8 TeV in 2012 and further increased to 13 TeV in 2015. I am member of the CMS collaboration. The properties of this newly discovered particles, to the extend we can tell given current precision of the measurements, are consisted with SM predictions. Regardless of the exceptional success of the SM, we know it is incomplete. It leaves too many questions unanswered. For example it has no candidate for dark matter (DM) particles whose existence has been postulated to explain many cosmological and astrophysical observations. DM is about 80% of the matter content of the universe but has never been observed in the laboratory. There are several extensions of the SM that predict new weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs) that could fit Dark Matter properties. One such model is SuperSymmetry. Current effort at LHC is dominated by search for signatures of these extensions of SM. In addition, the properties of Higgs boson are measured more precisely to detect any deviations from SM based expectations.
Search for Super Symmetry and Dark Matter
At CMS, I searched for new particles predicted by SuperSymmetry, most theoretically studied and experimentally tested extension of SM. It postulates a new space-time symmetry. Supersymmetry predicts that each of the particles in the Standard Model has a partner with a spin that differs by half of a unit that is for every fermion in SM, there exist a boson which has the properties as the SM particle except spin and for every boson in SM there exists a new fermion. Clearly, SuperSymmetry is a broken symmetry and these postulated particles are more massive than the SM particles. However, these particles are expected to be light enough to be produced at LHC. In many versions, the lightest supersymmetric particle is predicted to be stable and electrically neutral and to interact weakly with the particles of the Standard Model. Such a particles is a natural candidate for dark matter particle.
In addition, I also did a generic search for DM particles possibly produced in pp collisions but need not be incorporated in Super Symmetry framework.
I also searched for signatures of Large Extra Dimension. LED models suggest that our universe is not limited to ordinary three space dimensions and one time dimension but there are additional space dimensions. These models are proposed to explain the smallness of gravity interaction strength compared to strength of other forces, namely strong and electro-weak force. Gravity is 10-36 times weaker than the strong force.
Needless to add that so far no deviation from SM has been observed but the search continues.
Discovery of the top quark
I am also member of CDF collaboration at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory IL which discovered the top quark in 1995. The top quark is much more massive than expected, about 175 times heavier than a proton. For comparison, a gold atom has mass equivalent to about mass of 197 protons. One should note that the top quark is a fundamental (point) particle where as gold atom consists of 79 protons and on average 118 neutrons. Both protons and neutrons are made of mainly up and down quarks. Discovery of top quark completed the quark and lepton sectors of the SM. High mass of top quark is intriguing and its better understanding may guide us to better model of fundemental particles.
At CDF, I searched for quark sub-structure (are they really fundamental particles?) by measuring the quark-quark interaction rate. I also searched for new particles decaying into a pair of hadronic jets. A hadronic jet is a signature of a quark or a gluon. Such particles are predicted by many extensions of SM.
Direct Detection of Dark Matter Particle
In June 2018, I joined LUX-Zeppelin (LZ), a two-phase Xe experiment located in Sanford Underground Research Facility at 4850 level in former Homestake Gold Mine, Lead South Dakota. The detector is under construction and is expected to start taking data in 2020. This experiment searches for dark matter particles (WIMPS) through their interaction with ordinary matter, in particular Xenon nuclei. During WIMP-nucleus collision a very small amount of energy is transferred to the Xe nucleus. This energy is released in form of prompt light (S1) and free electrons. These free electrons travel through external electric field, interact with Xe gas above the liquid Xe and produce additional light (S2), delayed with respect to S1 signal. The WIMP-nucleus interactions are normally identified by requiring both S1 and S2 signals. Detection of dark matter particle and measurement of its properties will be a great step in building a more complete model of particles and their interactions.
Low energy electrons-electron interaction can mimic the DM-Xe collision signal. I am working on determining the detector response to electrons using methane where one of the hydrogen atom has been replaced by a tritium atom. Tritium decay produces electron which have energy similar in magnitude to one produced by WIMP-Xe scattering, thus these electrons provide a very good estimate of electron-recoil energy observed in the detector in the region of interest.
Research Program Management at DOE/HEP
I was physicist at the Office of High Energy Physics in U. S. Department of Energy primarily working in Cosmic Frontier from August 2013 to August 2017. Cosmic Frontier portfolio includes dark energy studies, direct and direct and indirect dark matter searches, study of cosmic microwave background radiations and search for new phenomenon by studying cosmic rays and gamma rays. I was program manager of two dark matter experiments 1) Axion Dark Matter experiment (ADMX), an axion search experiment using microwave cavities in strong magnetic field at ultra cold temperature (100 mK), 2) PICO-60, an experiment at SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada which identifies WIMP-nucleon interactions by detecting the bubbles formed in a super-heated C3F8. This experiment has unique sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions. In addition, I managed DM R&D program and was HEP contact person of DM Cosmic Vision group. This group was setup to enable two-way communication between office of High Energy Physics and the community working on the dark matter searches.
I was program manager of SPT-3G experiment, a cosmic microwave background experiment situated at South Pole. I was also program manager of the Fermi-Gamma Ray Space Telescope, Pierre Auger Observatory near Malargue, Argentina, High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) located on the flanks of the Sierra Negra volcano near Puebla, Mexico and Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) located at Fred Lawrence Whipple S Observatory in southern Arizona. FGST, PAO, HAWC are VERITAS are international collaborations. NASA is partner for FGST and NSF is partner for PAO, HAWC and VERITAS. There were regular meetings between officials of the funding agencies and project managers to monitor the operations of these experiments where I represented U. S. Department of Energy.
I also managed many university grants covering research using pp collisions (CMS and ATLAS at LHC), e+e- interactions, neutrino properties, precision muon measurements, dark energy studies, dark matter searches, study of cosmic and gamma rays and theoretical particle physics. In addition, I worked in managing CMS and ATLAS detector operations.
Physics 174: Physics Laboratory Introduction
Fall 2018: Physics 174 is an introductory physics laboratory course. This course is designed to teach a few basic ideas and tools which students need for later labs, in particular understanding experimental errors, use of computer spreadsheets to analyze, plot and fit data, and working with simple electrical circuits and use of electrical measuring equipment. This course is intended for, but not limited to, students who are interested in majoring in Physics.
Physics 107: Light, Perception, Photography & Visual Phenomena Laboratory
Spring 2019: Physics 107 is a laboratory to accompany PHYS106. Laboratory experiments include geometrical optics (lenses, cameras, eye), optical instruments (telescope, binoculars), photography, perception, color phenomena, and wave phenomena.
Physics 275: Experimental Physics I
Spring 2019: Physics 275, introductory Physics lab course, is intended for physics majors and also for science and engineering students who desire a more rigorous introduction to experimental science. Experiments are mainly chosen in the general area of mechanics. Focus of the course is to understand the sources of uncertainties in experimental measurements, and how to determine their magniutude, and how to communicate the measurements and the derived results in presense of these uncertainties.


Previously: Astronomers have known for a while (since 2002-ish) that there was water on Mars – but only in the form of ice, located on the polar caps of the planet.
Now: Why is liquid water such a big deal? It was previously thought that due to several factors (like the freezing temperatures and the thin, practically nonexistent atmosphere), that there would be no way for liquid water to exist on Mars. This discovery changes that!
What: The evidence for water is indirect evidence, which is to say that no one has yet to see the water itself. What has been found is a sort of stain that flows down the cliffs and craters. These stains are composed of hydrated salts, which can’t really exist without water. Visual and infrared data show that in the warmer periods these stains appear, grow, and flow downwards; in the colder periods they disappear again.
How: The environmental factors on Mars did not suddenly change, so how is there now liquid water when it previously was thought to be impossible? There are currently a couple of different theories floating around. One is that the ground is porous, and the water remains frozen in ground during the winter and in the warmer summer months melts out of the ground. Another strong possibility is that the salts found on the surface of Mars absorb water until they contain enough to run downhill. This explains the hydrated salt stains nicely. It’s a process that can be seen in deserts on Earth and the process itself is known as deliquescence. The salts themselves are actually the reason why it may be possible for liquid water to exist at all. Water on its own would not be able to exist in its liquid form on Mars, however a high salt content prevents the water from freezing except at extremely low temperatures – this is why roads get salted in the winter.
Future: Apparently the biggest problem of getting to the water will be trying not to contaminate it with bacteria from Earth, as earth contains a wide variety of bacteria that doesn’t require oxygen, or warm temperatures, and could happily flourish with a bit of damp soil.
Source: GIF from Nasa, info from The Guardian, The Atlantic, IFL Science, and Gawker.


Tony Stark is misplaced in house. He has no meals, no water and he’ll finally run out of oxygen. He wants our assist, and that’s why NASA and Elon Musk agreed on constructing a brand new spaceship that may journey at 69% of the pace of sunshine as a way to carry him again house.
“Our engineers are at present working to search out him the huge vacancy of the universe”, NASA director Gary Cockburn mentioned. “We haven’t been capable of finding him, however as soon as we do, he’ll come again house”.
“I’m going to purchase all house firms on the planet and make them work collectively to construct a spaceship that may journey at 69% the pace of sunshine.”, Elon Musk acknowledged in a press convention. “Every time NASA finds our man, he’ll be again in a snap”.
Each NASA representatives and Elon Musk agree that it is a downside by which humanity should come collectively to search out Tony Stark and convey him again.


James Stevenson (Clancy group) presents invited talk at KISS conference and plenary session at CalTech
James Stevenson (CBE Ph.D. candidate) presented a talk at the Keck Institute for Space Sciences (KISS) at CalTech this summer based on work published in 2015 with his advisor, Paulette Clancy, and astronomer Jonathan Lunine in Science Advances.
His work discussed the potential to form liposome-like analogs (azotosomes) in the methane-rich seas on Saturn’s moon, Titan. Based on his talk, he was invited to participate in the plenary session the following day for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory audience. These interactive KISS workshops “develop revolutionary concepts and technology for future space missions… as a ‘think and do tank.’ “


We joined a conference on the subject of space technologies
Our team of experts joined a 3 day event on the subject of space technologies which wa organised by SPIRIT Slovenia from 18-20th April 2018. The main event was a conference entitled 'Space Technologies for Digital Economy' which was held on 19th April 2018 in Centre for Space Technologies Herman Potocnik Noordung in Vitanje.
The development of space technologies can have a big impact on the economy as the number of start-up companies working in this field is steadily growing around the world. The conference included presentations from various companies and institutions working in the field.


Description: STS-114 launch reflection.jpg
Date: 26 July 2005 (2005-07-26).
Permission (reusing this file): PD-USGOV-NASA:
This image or video was catalogued by one of the centers of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: STS114-S-024.
Licensing: This file is in the public domain because it was created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.)
Warnings: Use of NASA logos, insignia and emblems are restricted per US law 14 CFR 1221.
2006-03-30 16:49 Kingstonjr 3008×2000×8 (331387 bytes) http://www.nasa.gov/lb/returntoflight/multimedia/launchday2_gallery.html The silvery surface of this pond near NASA Kennedy Space Center?s Launch Pad 39B reflects the glowing clouds of smoke and steam from the launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on Retur.
Direct contact: email@example.com


Tuesday, July 24, 2007
Aelita (1922) by A.N. Tolstoy, one of the first Soviet science fiction novels. It describes a Soviet expedition to Mars headed by the engineer Loss. Loss falls in love with the beautiful Aelita, daughter of the Martian Supreme Ruler, while Loss' companion is trying to organise a communist revolution which is supposed to bring happiness and progress to the ancient and stagnating civilization. This was the source for the 1924 movie Aelita.
The Russian propaganda is really naive but I really liked this movie that is one of the best russian movies I have seen.
I watched it over the weekend and That is my recommendation of the week!
Have a great day!!


Celebrate 60 years of ‘The Dish’!
60 Years of the Parkes radio telescope – Junior Design Challenge
October 31, 2021, marks the 60th Anniversary of the opening of the CSIRO Parkes Radio Telescope. Affectionately known as ‘The Dish’, the Telescope has played an important role in our understanding of the universe, space exploration and significant events, such as the 1969 Moon landing. To celebrate 60 years of ‘The Dish’ the Parkes Shire Library Marramarra Makerspace, in collaboration with the CSIRO Parkes Radio Telescope team, is hosting a Design Challenge!
Using the CSIRO Parkes Radio Telescope as inspiration, entrants are invited to design their own Radio Telescope. It could be baked goods, garden art, a sculpture, a Dish made from recyclable things – get your thinking caps on!
You will be judged on your idea, planning and the work itself. You can enter as an individual or a team.
When: Monday 20 September – Friday 15 October.
Who: Ages 5-15
First prize – STEM Pack and a $50 Shop Parkes Gift Card.
Runner-up – $50 Shop Parkes Gift Card.
Honourable Mentions – ‘Dish’ merchandise awarded by CSIRO staff.
Entry Form – https://bit.ly/3CxyAYW
Entries must be submitted digitally by emailing email@example.com.
ENTRIES CLOSE FRIDAY 15 OCTOBER 2021 AT 5PM.
September 20 (Monday) 9:00 am - October 15 (Friday) 5:00 pm


· Head Baconator
You guys see this?
IT HAS been heralded as a monumental creation that will reveal the fundamental nature of the universe, but also as a doomsday machine that could destroy the planet.
The world's biggest instrument - a $9 billion atom-smasher that will recreate conditions not seen since a split second after the big bang 14 billion years ago - will be switched on tomorrow.
Holding their breath will be Australian scientists who have helped design and construct one of the huge detectors in the device that will search for an elusive subatomic particle, dubbed the "God particle".
A physicist from the University of Sydney, Kevin Varvell, said he was excited that after 20 years of planning, the instrument - called the large hadron collider - would begin operation to expore the nature of matter.
"At last we can test some of our ideas about what we are made of. It will help answer some big and deep questions," he said.
Built 100 metres below the Swiss countryside by CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, the collider will fire two beams of particles in opposite directions around a 27-kilometre ring at almost the speed of light.
When the beams collide head on, they will create fireballs and showers of subatomic debris never witnessed before.
Dr Varvell said the impacts could produce man-made mini black holes, reveal that the universe has extra dimensions that are normally curled up, and throw light on the nature of the mysterious dark matter which makes up most of the cosmos.
It should also reveal whether the Higgs boson, or God particle, exists or not.
According to the standard theory of matter, the boson gives everything its mass, and the Australian team helped design the 7000-tonne ATLAS detector in one of the cathedral-sized caverns that will look for it.
Dr Varvell said if the boson was not spotted,"that would tell us something very profound as well".
New theories about the underlying physics of the universe would have to be developed, he said.
Dr Varvell will give a lecture on the collider with Dr Karl Kruszelnicki at the University of Sydney on Wednesday.


RCS Views the Total Solar Eclipse
Submitted by Alyssa Kiefer in RCS Highlights on August 21, 2017
On Monday, August 21, Redwood students – elementary through high school – took time to view the wonder of the solar eclipse. One student even brought his own “viewing box” to witness the event.
As clouds and proximity to the eclipse path challenged our “live” ability to see the eclipse perfectly, students still gathered for their piece of the 1h 33m 16.8s eclipse, and all enjoyed the chance to see the rare event. For example, elementary students gathered for a school-wide assembly to watch the eclipse via NASA satellite. Middle and high school students gathered at the soccer field to view the eclipse as it occurred in San Lorenzo using safety glasses with solar filters. The educational opportunities will continue in classrooms as sixth grade students make Eclipse Flipbooks and high school students spend a science unit on eclipses (including a field trip to the Chabot Space and Science center).
Why We Are Excited.
While eclipses happen worldwide every 18 months, this was the United State’s first coast-to-coast total eclipse since June 8, 1918. The “totality zone” scientists describe is a line where the moon completely blocks the sun, shading a part of the sea and a path line through the United States, similar-looking to a premature evening. In some areas of the country, the eclipse lasted close to three minutes, and in others only seconds. Either way, it created a rare and awesome learning opportunity!
Middle and high school students were excited as the sun’s image appeared in their glasses. Observations such as the color, the brightness, and the duration of the eclipse were discussed. A middle school student shares, “It looks like a red fluorescent fingernail,” as he described what he was seeing as the eclipse was happening through his glasses.
Total solar eclipses are extraordinary opportunities to study both the Earth’s intimate relationship with the sun and to marvel at the intricate design God used to create the universe. While we will have wait for scientists to collect observations and hard data from today’s eclipse to understand the technical discoveries gleaned from today’s events, students will be able to continue to be active learners in their study of the details of orbit, the rarity of an eclipse, and the beauty of God’s design.


is a field intimately connected with astronomy in general and stars in particular. A discussion of them is thus a fitting way to begin to detail the differences between Chinese and Western astrology
. And, it is one of the big ones, as people of the these two, great cultures see a very different sky when they look to the heavens.
Their constellations have little in common. In fact Pleiades is the only Western constellation used in Chinese astrology
. The West uses 12 constellations for their sun signs while Chinese 28 for their lunar mansions and four more to provide a greater division of the night sky. None of the Chinese constellations (except Pleiades) are to be found in Western charts.
More important than the difference in numbers is that the former are associated with the passage of the sun while the latter the moon. The resulting Western signs are effectively month signs while the Chinese are daily ones. This is because the 12 Western signs each rule for a month while the Chinese ones a day.
There is, however, one star critical to Chinese astrology
that is also very familiar to people in the West, it is Polaris of the North Star. It is the starting point for Zi Wei Dou Shou
, or Purple Star astrology
. It signifies the emperor and is a prime determinant of Ming or fate. No single star plays such a prominent role in Western astrology.The Big Dipper,
although not one of the 28 Chinese Astrology constellations, is significant in
Chinese but not Western Astrology. Its stars provide seven of the nine used in
Flying Star Feng Shui. They can be beneficial or harmful depending on their
location in the sky and appearance in a Feng Shui diagram called a Bagua.


PLANETS AND STARS
The University Games Glow-In-The-Dark Stars and Planets will transform your room in to a universe complete with glowing galaxies and dazzling constellations. They'll light up the room and make your child feel like they're right in space looking at the planets. The plastic glow in the dark stars come with adhesive putty and are easy to place wherever you want them, on the ceiling, walls, closet doors and more to feel like you're laying on the ground looking up at the sky. Add this fun and exciting University Games Glow-in-the-Dark Stars and Planets to your child's bedroom, play room or any room you want to feel like space.
- The Great Explorations 3-D Planets in a Tube from University Games glow longer and brighter
- Transform your room into a glowing universe!
- Package contains 30 Colorful Planets Glowing Stars, Adhesive Putty
- For ages 5 and up


Kaile Cosmic Universe Convertible Dress
The elements that make up all living things in nature (including us!) are the same building blocks that also make up the universe and all its suns, moons, stars, and planets. Our Kaile dress with our "Cosmic Universe" print is an homage to this. We are but a small part of a vast, amazing phenomenon. And this dress is equally out-of-this-world! It transforms into a maxi dress, midi-, or knee-length, with adjustable straps and a smocked back to custom-fit your body comfortably. The bottom ruffles zip on-and-off, so you can have as much of the galaxy or less of it as you wish. How cute is the astronaut floating around among the planets, suns and stars?
• Maxi/midi/knee-length convertible sundress with adjustable spaghetti straps, smocked back, detachable ruffles, belt, and bonus brooch
• 100% rayon crepe
• Reclaimed fabric
• Made in China
• Professional wet clean (more eco-friendly) or dry-clean


Argentina Solar Eclipse 2020: Lakes & Patagonia - Eclipse
About the Argentina Solar Eclipse 2020: Lakes & Patagonia . Where better to view the Total Solar Eclipse in 2020 than in Argentina? Join us on this 9-day tour, starting in the vibrant, cosmopolitan city of Buenos Aires before flying south to Northern Patagonian town of San Carlos de Bariloche.
Actived: Saturday Jan 11, 2020


Are you looking for the best space gift for someone special? You have come to the right place! In this guide of Best Gift Ideas for Space Lover, we will tell you about the best gifts for a space lover that you can buy on an affordable budget.
Generally, every child from childhood is excited to know about everything related to space travel, NASA, astronomy, astrology, and extraterrestrial life. Because I have also been a space lover and I am sure you too must have been in your childhood.
We are sure that you still have never forgotten the magic of knowing more about this universe that you used to experience in your childhood. If some memories have faded away, these space gifts will surely help you remember them.
While making this list of Best Gift Ideas for Space Lovers, we have kept in mind people of all age groups who are true space lovers.
Best Gift Ideas for Space Lover
If you are looking for a gift for a space lover on amazon or any other website related to space themes to present on a birthday, Christmas, or any other special occasion, then there is a lot of difficulty in choosing the best and most relevant gift. But after our list of Best Gift Ideas for Space Lover, you will get rid of this problem.
Here you will find millennial gag gifts (for kids), glow-in-the-dark constellation blankets, a beautiful light-up crystal galaxy globe, a moon lava lamp, moon phase lollipops, and many more unique gifts to gift a space lover will.
Let’s get started!
- Laser Star Projector
- The Nasa Archives
- An Astronaut Space Pen
- Rustic Wall Art
- LEGO NASA Apollo Build Kit
- Moon Lamp
- Space Wall Tapestry
- NASA Backpack
- Heat-Changing Constellation Mug
- LEGO Space Station
- Astronaut USB Light
- Space Novelty Socks
- 50 Things To See In The Sky
- Vintage NASA T-Shirt
- Planetary Necklace
- Mars Dust Globe
- Cosmo Knife Set
- Voyager Golden Record
- Space Bandages
- Women In Space Book
- Space Stickers Set
- Spaceteam Card Game
- Astronaut Duvet Cover
- Astronaut Gloves
- Moon Phase Yoga Mat
- Enamel Space Pins
- SmartWatch Band
- A Piece Of Meteorite
FAQ about Best Gift Ideas for Space Lover
What gift would you give to an astronomy lover?
Some great gift ideas for an astronomy lover include a telescope, astronomy books or magazines, star charts, a planisphere, astronomy-themed jewelry or clothing, a planetarium mug or glassware, or a stargazing app. Membership is included.
What to buy for space?
If you want to buy something related to space, a model rocket kit, a telescope, astronaut ice cream, a space-themed board game or puzzle, a book about space exploration, a NASA or space-themed T-shirt, etc. Can consider a t-shirt. Also, a good idea is to have a 3D-printed planet or moon model or a subscription to a space magazine.
Who is called a space lover?
In common parlance, a person who loves space is often referred to as a “space enthusiast,” “space enthusiast,” “space lover,” or “astronomy enthusiast.” They may also be referred to as “space geeks” or “space nerds”, although these terms are more colloquial and can be considered slightly derogatory in some contexts.
What to do for a kid who loves space?
To develop a child’s love for space, visit a planetarium or observatory, read books and documentaries about space, build model rockets, use a telescope to observe celestial objects, space- Create themed art, visit science museums or attend science festivals, join a space camp or astronomy club, and play space-themed games.
Conclusion: Best Gift Ideas for Space Lover
Our list of Best Gift Ideas for Space Lover has tons of great gifts for space lovers that are sure to help nurture the recipient’s passion for space exploration and astronomy.
From telescopes to books, models, and clothing, this list has many thoughtful and creative gifts to show your appreciation for their interest in the universe. Whether it’s for a special occasion or just out of support, giving a space-themed gift can be a great way to encourage and inspire the space lover in your life.


Photographs by Matthew T. Russell
Home | Nebulae | Galaxies | Star Clusters | Solar System | About Me | My Equipment | Astronomy Links | Order Prints | Copyright Notice
Distance from Earth:
2.51 Astronomical Units
Black Forest, CO
16" RCOS Ritchey-Chretien
Bisque Paramount ME
AstroDon Series I Filter Set
6 minutes total
Red: 1 x 120 sec
Grn: 1 x 120 sec
Blu: 1 x 120 sec
Adobe Photoshop CS2
Discovered 1892 by Edwin Holmes.
The entire orbit of this comet is 6.9 years. Occassionally, this comet has an outburst of gas as shown in this photograph. This current outburst started on October 24th, 2007.
Normally, this comet is extremely dim and can only be seen through long exposure photography, not the unaided eye. Over the course of the last month, the brightness has gone through almost a 1 million increase.
Copyright © 2007, Matthew T. Russell. All rights reserved.


An Ariane-5 rocket has launched Europe’s €1.6bn Juice spacecraft on an eight-year voyage to Jupiter and its icy moons, which it will investigate for signs that liquid oceans beneath their frozen surfaces might support life.
The successful launch was greeted with jubilation by scientists, astronauts and officials gathered in the control room at the European Spaceport in French Guiana on Friday. Teams led by the European Space Agency had worked for months testing for flaws and potential problems. The launch was postponed from Thursday because of bad weather.
“What a great satellite, what a great mission, congratulations to everybody involved,” said Bruno Texeira de Sousa, an ESA operations manager. “We have a fantastic mission ongoing.”
Nearly an hour after lift-off the first signals were received from the spacecraft. They were captured by antennas at the New Norcia ground station in Western Australia. A second key milestone was reached when Juice’s solar rays were deployed, enabling the satellite to produce its own electricity.
ESA’s director-general Josef Aschbacher added: “This is an international partnership, but it’s also a moment of pride for Europe . . . I’m just so relieved.”
Juice — short for Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer — is the most complex planetary space mission ever attempted. Although Juice will provide a wealth of information about the atmosphere and magnetic environment of Jupiter, most public attention will focus on what it discovers about what lies beneath the moons’ icy surfaces.
Michele Dougherty, head of physics at Imperial College London, helped to develop a magnetometer which will be used to measure electrical currents in the underground oceans of Jupiter’s moons.
“We’re looking for the ingredients for life — liquid water, a heat source and organic material,” said Dougherty. “Once we confirm that is there, then we’ll be able to essentially say that the moons of Jupiter are a place where life could form.”
Even the most powerful rockets available could not give the six-tonne spacecraft enough energy to head straight to Jupiter. So instead its 6.6bn-kilometre route involves four “slingshot” gravity assists around Earth and Venus — the last one in 2029 — before reaching Jupiter, the solar system’s biggest planet, in 2031.
Juice will then orbit Jupiter, fly past the Europa and Callisto moons and then orbit a third, Ganymede, enabling its 10 scientific instruments to examine the complex physical and chemical environment of the Jovian system. The mission is due to end with Juice crashing into Ganymede in late 2035, unless discoveries show that this might risk unacceptable contamination of the moon’s surface.
“Juice provides a means of probing inside potentially habitable ocean worlds of our solar system for the first time, down into the deep, dark, hidden oceans that might be the most suitable abodes for life beyond Earth,” said Leigh Fletcher, professor of planetary science at Leicester university in the UK who has been involved in planning the mission since 2008.
“If Juice can reveal that these distant icy worlds provide genuinely habitable environments, then it has profound implications for the continued search for life [elsewhere in the universe],” he said.
British astronaut Tim Peake, who is not directly involved in Juice, said: “This is such an exciting mission, with the power to inspire the next generation of scientists and explorers. What could be more inspirational than the search for extraterrestrial life?”
Dougherty highlighted the need for patience as the spacecraft searches for signs of life on Jupiter’s moons. “I first started working on this back in 2007 . . . in some ways we’re halfway through the mission, because by the time we get there and we take in all the data it will probably [take] another 15 years,” she said.


Sun's Tidal EffectEven though the Sun is 391 times as far away from the Earth as the Moon, its force on the Earth is about 175 times as large. Yet its tidal effect is smaller than that of the Moon because tides are caused by the difference in gravity field across the Earth. The Earth's diameter is such a small fraction of the Sun-Earth distance that the gravity field changes by only a factor of 1.00017 across the Earth. The actual force differential across the Earth is 0.00017 x 174.5 = 0.03 times the Moon's force, compared to 0.068 difference across the Earth for the Moon's force. The actual tidal influence then is then 44% of that of the Moon.


Parashat Re’eh, Mevarchim Elul 5777
Friday, August 18th
7:00 am: Shacharit
6:45 pm: Mincha
7:28 pm: Candles
Shabbat, August 19th
9:00 am: Shacharit
Rabbi Hyman is away, the D’var Torah will be delivered by Dov Horowitz.
5:55 pm: Shabbat afternoon class
6:20 pm: Mincha followed by Seudah Shlishit and Ma’ariv
8:297 pm: Havdalah
Kiddush is sponsored by the shul.
Shul calendars for 2017-2018 (5778) can still be ordered for $25 apiece. You will be notified in August when the calendars are available; if you wish to have it mailed to you please include $2 toward mailing costs.
August 26, 2017: Bar Mitzvah of Zachary Schulman followed by a luncheon; everyone welcome. Please RSVP to email@example.com
Monday, August 21 is the date of the Total Solar Eclipse coming to the USA. The total eclipse will only be visible in a narrow band from the northwest to the southeast, (where the full shadow of the moon hits the earth) but we can enjoy it vicariously through the several shul members who are traveling to view it. However, a 70% partial eclipse will be visible in New Haven. Make sure to view it only through certified eclipse glasses or through a pinhole camera (https://tinyurl.com/y86bmb6v). The eclipse will start at 1:25 pm and end at 4:00 pm. The maximum eclipse, when the moon will cover around 70% of the sun, will be at 2:45 pm.
The Westville Synagogue Shabbat afternoon Family Gathering this week is hosted by Sharon & Ron Salem at 40 Mumford Road, from 4:30-6:00 PM (rain or shine).Shul calendars for 2017-2018 (5778) can still be ordered for $25 apiece. You will be notified in August when the calendars are available; if you wish to have it mailed to you please include $2 toward mailing costs.
Westville University, September 12th
An exciting 2017-2018 series is planned for Westville University, kicking off with Rabbi Hyman. This season will feature presentations by Zalman Alpert, Michal BarAsher, Nadav Berman Shifman, Jeremy Bruce, Steven Fraade, Allyson Ganzalez, Rebecca Koenigsberg, Sharon Naveh, Mati Pawlak, Steven Wilf, Liran Yagdar and our movie series. Don’t miss it!
October 27-29, Parashat Lech Lecha:
BEKI, B’nai Jacob, and the Westville Synagogue will again sponsor a Scholar-in-Residence weekend, featuring Noam Zion a senior research fellow at the Shalom Hartman Institute. We plan to have a catered Shabbat dinner at Westville (by reservation), followed by an address from Mr. Zion. He will speak again on Shabbat following a kiddush luncheon at BEKI, as well as Sunday morning at B’nai Jacob in Woodbridge. Anyone interested in helping to plan this exciting event or to help sponsor it should please contact Barbara Zalesch.
Monday, August 28, 10:30 am:
JFS invites you to its first I Want to do a JFS Mitzvah event. Please join us for a chance to get involved with a vital JFS Mitzvah project. Please help us as we prepare the mailing for our Friends Campaign, while having a cup of coffee, a bite to eat, and learning about other upcoming volunteer opportunities, such as Food Pantry, Shalom Group events for adults with disabilities, Packing and delivering bags for the Food4Kids program, Visits to the elderly or home-bound, Mitzvah projects, and assembling bags for the homeless. Please come to 1440 Whalley Ave for this fun and informative event. For more information, please contact Mara Ginsberg at firstname.lastname@example.org


https://thepangaia.com/products/kids-organic-cotton-long-shorts-ultra-violet6542886142001Kids Northern Lights Long Shorts—ultra violet42//cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0035/1309/0115/products/Kids-Organic-Cotton-Long-Shorts-Ultra-Violet-1.jpg?v=1627987004//cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0035/1309/0115/products/Kids-Organic-Cotton-Long-Shorts-Ultra-Violet-1_large.jpg?v=1627987004USDInStockClothingAllZero Rated
Nature is our biggest inspiration and where better to look than the greatest light show on Earth? The Northern Lights capsule is an ode to one of the 7 natural wonders of the world and its awe-inspiring beauty.
The Kids Long Shorts are made from 100% organic cotton. They’re a medium weight fabric, with a loop back texture inside and a finishing that provides extra softness.
The Ultra Violet color was inspired by the natural phenomena caused by charged cosmic particles entering Earth’s atmosphere.
Rubey is 111cm / 3’7, she is wearing a size 5-6YR.


Some scholars have associated the Liahona with the Masonic globes of Enoch, quoting the following from Thomas Smith Web’s The Freemason’s Montor (1818):
They are the noblest instruments for improving the mind, and giving it the most distinct idea of any problem or proposition, as well as enabling it to solve the same. Contemplating these bodies, we are inspired with a due reverence for the Deity and his works, and are induced to encourage the studies of astronomy, geography, navigation, and the arts dependent on them.
With all due respect to these scholars, I am of the opinion that this connection quickly unravels when the quote’s entire context is considered. Unlike the Book of Mormon narrative’s description of the Liahona, there is nothing in Web’s description to suggest that the globes had mechanical “spindles” to “point the way.” Web instead describes the globes in this way:
These globes are two artificial spherical bodies, on the convex surfaces of which are represented the countries, seas, and various parts of the earth, the face of the heavens, the planetary revolutions, and other important particulars. The sphere with the parts of the earth delineated on its surface is called the terrestrial globe, and that with the constellations and other heavenly bodies, the celestial globe.
A compass used for treasure digging!! Is this the answer? Could it be that the Smith family assumed mineral compasses could communicate the will of God, like divining rods could? Had they even heard of mineral compasses? Unfortunately, the advertisement was dated fifty years too late, so I then looked for earlier sources and finally ended my search (of all places!) at an Encyclopedia Britannica (1824) entry under Bletonism—“a faculty of perceiving and indicating subterraneous springs and currents by sensation.” Under this entry the following is found:


News & Views
- 08/12/16, 4:52pm
We live in a time of unprecedented possibilities. Every day new discoveries are helping each of us live longer, healthier and happier. Discoveries from space exploration can be found in everything from cell phones, to medicines, to inspiring stories. Space is romantic, dramatic, beautiful, mysterious, hostile, exotic and erotic all at the same time. It has been called everything from the ‘edge of heaven’ to the ‘new frontier’ to the ‘inverted sea’read more
- 03/19/16, 8:10pm
As I continue my foray into camera trapping some amazing creatures on planet Earth, I was recently thrilled to discover this magnificent mountain lion living on the edge of civilization peacefully co-existing with people in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. She could possibly be the same lion I encountered in person one special winter afternoon in January 2013.
- 09/14/15, 8:43pm
This visionary movie about a lone astronaut stranded on Mars opens in theaters on October 2, 2015. “The Martian” is an engaging, emotional and eye-opening motion picture that showcases the aspiration of our singular human race – our common destiny in space.read more


We are just a speck upon a speck in the cosmos. The sun could swallow the earth and it would not feel a thing. In spite of this, our place in the universe is secure.
Our planetary system is one of many in the Milky Way. We can barely even see their stars in the night sky. Still, there is one thing that makes us stand out.
There are stars that dwarf our own. And some systems contain more than one. Yet, something infinitely precious resides here.
Some regions of space contain clusters of stars. Their light is beyond blinding. But we have the one thing without which nothing else matters.
The universe is made up of countless galaxies filled with celestial bodies. It is wondrous to behold, with beauty nigh impossible to fathom. Yet, that is what sets us apart: we can appreciate it.
One person that cares, is worth more than all the stars in the sky. What does it matter if they all went out, if there was no one around to enjoy them? For the night holds no fear, if there are none to greet the day.


On July 23, 1999, the Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched, carried by the Space Shuttle Columbia from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. After Chandra Grahan, you should take a bath and donate food to the needy. चांद्रयान 2 वर एकूण 13 भारतीय वैज्ञानिक उपकरणे असून, नासाच्या एका उपकरणाचाही या मोहिमेत समावेश करण्यात आला आहे. X-ray photons hitting the camera are detected individually and their position, energy and arrival time recorded. NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is a telescope specially designed to detect X-ray emission from very hot regions of the Universe such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and matter around black holes. "shining" or "moon") is a lunar deity and is also one of the nine planets in Hinduism.His chief consort is Rohini.Chandra is synonymous to Soma.Other names include Indu ("bright drop"), Atrisuta ("son of Atri"), Sachihna ("marked by hare"), TÄrÄdhipa ("lord of stars") and Nishakara ("the night maker"). NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is a super powerful telescope named after the Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. The Chandra X-ray Observatorys operating orbit takes it 200-times higher than the Hubble Space Telescope. Users can listen to data from this region, roughly 400 light years across, either as "solos" from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope, and Spitzer Space Telescope, or together as an ensemble in which each telescope plays a different instrument. Researchers combined data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope, and Spitzer Space Telescope to identify these possible black hole seeds. We additionally manage to pay for variant types and as well as type of the books to browse. Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope, enabled by the high angular resolution of its mirrors. Chandra Links Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter, Chandra X-ray Center, Operated for NASA by, Quick Look: Data Sonification: Sounds from Around the Milky Way, Tour: Data Sonification: Sounds from Around the Milky Way, Tour: NASA's Chandra Opens Treasure Trove of Cosmic Delights, A Quick Look at Chandra Celebrates Its 20th Anniversary, A Tour of Chandra Celebrates Its 20th Anniversary, Chandra Communications & Public Engagement Program & Impact, Chandra provides a multifaceted Communications & Public Engagement program encompassing press relations, public outreach and education that reaches a large and diverse audience of national and international scope. Chandra has observed the region around the supermassive black hole in the center of our Milky Way, and found black holes across the Universe. चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागावर अलगद यान उतरवणारा भारत जगातील चौथा देश ठरेल. à¤à¤¾à¤à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤¯à¤¾à¤¨ 2 à¤¬à¤¦à¥à¤¦à¤² à¤®à¤¾à¤¹à¤¿à¤¤à¥ Chandrayan 2 informathion in marathi Because X-rays are absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, Chandra must orbit above it, up to an altitude of 139,000 km (86,500 mi) in space. The Smithsonian's Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, MA, hosts the Chandra X-ray Center which operates the satellite, processes the data, and distributes it to scientists around the world for analysis. Recent memos: Update on ACIS contaminant, Jan 8 2010. As its mission continues, Chandra will continue to discover startling new science about our high-energy Universe. He was 82.He was the founder Editor of Avaliya, a Marathi â¦ सहा चाकांची ही छोटी रोबोटिक गाडी असून, ती चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागावर साधारण ५०० मीटर पर्यंत संचार करू शकेल. These special objects -- known as "ultraluminous X-ray sources" (ULXs) -- have been found using data from NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Like. Perched at almost 15,000 feet, the Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle (in Ladakh) has always made Indian scientists proud. 18-19 November 2021 Chandra Grahan The Chandra X-ray Observatorys resolving power is 0.5 arc-seconds -- equal to the ability to read the letters of a stop sign at a distance of 12 miles. During each orbit of the Earth, Chandra travels one-third of the way to the Moon. Chandra Shekhar Azad Biography Marathi By sonu@007 On September 6, 2020 September 7, 2020 In Biography of Historians Person Tagged Chandra Shekhar Azad Biography Marathi , Chandra Shekhar Azad Chi Mahiti 1 Comment या मोहिमेतून फक्त भारतच नाही, तर चंद्राविषयी संपूर्ण मानव जातीला असणारे ज्ञान वृद्धिंगत करण्याचा प्रयत्न करण्यात येणार आहे. Chandra Grahan 2021. Chandrayaan 2 - 'चांद्रयान 2' ची संपूर्ण माहिती, वाक्याचे प्रकार Types of sentences in marathi, चंद्राच्या दक्षिण ध्रुवावर जाणारी जगातील पहिली अवकाश मोहीम. Learn more about our. Chandra has traced the separation of dark matter from normal matter in the collision of galaxies in a cluster and is contributing to both dark matter and dark energy studies. Depending on which detector is used, very detailed images or spectra of the cosmic source can be made and analyzed. What is âChandraâ? The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space telescope launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Chandra Grahan 2019 - Get latest News Information, à¤¤à¤¾à¤à¥à¤¯à¤¾ à¤¬à¤¾à¤¤à¤®à¥à¤¯à¤¾, Articles & Updates on Chandra Grahan 2019 with exclusive Pictures, photos & videos in Marathi on Chandra â¦ NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is a telescope specially designed to detect X-ray emission from very hot regions of the Universe such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and matter around black holes. प्रग्यानवर सोलार पॅनल बसवण्यात आले असून, ही गाडी फक्त विक्रम लॅण्डरशी संपर्क करु शकते. It â¦ NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is a telescope specially designed to detect X-ray emission from very hot regions of the Universe such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and matter around black holes. Located at a height of 4500 metres, this is the worldâs highest observatory and has the 2 m class Chandra telescope. Chandra Grahan In India - Get latest News Information, à¤¤à¤¾à¤à¥à¤¯à¤¾ à¤¬à¤¾à¤¤à¤®à¥à¤¯à¤¾, Articles & Updates on Chandra Grahan In India with exclusive Pictures, photos & videos in Marathi on Chandra Grahan In India at à¤²à¥à¤à¥à¤¸à¥à¤à¤²à¥ 26 May 2021 Chandra Grahan. The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, by using glass lenses. Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) was an Indian scientist who made significant contributions to many areas of science. He was born in Bikrampur (now in â¦ The Chandra telescope on display in the gallery is a 1/5th-scale model on loan from TRW. A telescope is an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects, or various devices used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Subhash chandra bose with hitler picture Gallery . In addition, Bappu was the spirit behind developing a small village in Tamil nadu, Kavalur, into the Vainu Bappu observatory â so named in his honour â which houses an indigenously made 2.3 metre telescope. à¤à¤à¤¦à¥à¤° à¤¬à¥à¤¸ à¤¯à¤¾à¤à¤à¤¾ à¤à¤¨à¥à¤® à¥¨à¥© à¤à¤¾à¤¨à¥à¤µà¤¾à¤°à¥ à¥§à¥®à¥¯à¥ à¤°à¥à¤à¥ à¤à¤¡à¤¿à¤¶à¤¾à¤à¥à¤¯à¤¾ à¤à¤à¤ à¤¶à¤¹à¤°à¤¾à¤¤ à¤¹à¤¿à¤à¤¦à¥ à¤à¤¾à¤¯à¤¸à¥à¤¥ à¤à¥à¤à¥à¤à¤¬à¤¾à¤¤ à¤à¤¾à¤²à¤¾. 13. चांद्रयान 2 या भारतीय अवकाश मोहिमेंतर्गत चंद्राच्या दक्षिण गोलार्धात प्रथमच कोणत्याही देशाकडून प्रत्यक्ष यान उतरवण्यात येणार आहे. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Like Love Haha Wow Sad Angry. Recognizing the quirk ways to acquire this books jagadish chandra bose information in marathi is additionally useful. Source : Marathi Unlimited. चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागाचा वेध घेणारे पहिले भारतीय पूर्णपणे स्वदेशी यान. à¤à¥à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥à¤°à¥ à¤¬à¥à¤¶à¥, à¤à¤¨à¥à¤®: 23 à¤à¤¨à¤µà¤°à¥ 1897, à¤®à¥à¤¤à¥à¤¯à¥: 18 à¤ à¤à¤¸à¥à¤¤ 1945) à¤à¥ â¦ The energetic X-rays strike the insides of the hollow shells and are focussed onto electronic detectors at the end of the 9.2- m (30-ft.) optical bench. ESO 137-001 isn't exactly close to Earth, even though it's similar in â¦ 799 7 1 2. About a month later, on Aug. 26, 1999, the first powerful images from Chandra were provided to the public. The Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) is an X-ray imager. The Chandra X-Ray Observatory is a NASA telescope that looks at black holes, quasars, supernovas, and the like â all sources of high energy in the universe. Chandra (Sanskrit: à¤à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥à¤°, IAST: Candra, lit. The Chandra team has its own mock-up of the telescope's insides, just like Hubble has VEST, where scientists can train to interact with the real Chandra systems. Read Free Jagadish Chandra Bose Information In Marathi Jagadish Chandra Bose Information In Marathi Right here, we have countless books jagadish chandra bose information in marathi and collections to check out. Its highly elliptical path takes it up to 83,000 miles away. Chandra carries four very sensitive mirrors nested inside each other. Because X-rays are absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, Chandra must orbit above it, up to an altitude of 139,000 km (86,500 mi) in space. The Hubble telescope is still functioning and is useful in making some important discoveries. acquire the jagadish chandra bose information in marathi join that we pay for here and check out the link. Because X-rays are absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, Chandra must orbit above it, up to an altitude of 139,000 km (86,500 mi) in space. Related. They discuss their findings in a paper that will appear in an upcoming issue of the Monthly Notices of â¦ Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. The Chandra telescope was launched by the space shuttle Columbia in 1999 and is today operated by the Chandra X-Ray Center at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. स्वदेशी तंत्रज्ञानाच्या जोरावर विकसित केलेले पहिले भारतीय यान, जे दुसऱ्या ग्रहावर उतरवण्यात येईल. Ashok Yalagi, senior journalist, Marathi writer, theatre person and cultural personality, died in Belagavi on Thursday. While telescopes offer glimpses of outer space by translating digital data into stunning images, NASAâs Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) has gone a step further by unveiling a new âsonificationâ project that transforms data from astronomical images into audio. The Total Lunar will happen on May 26, 2020, which will be seen in South/East Asia, Australia, South America, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and Antarctica. Chandra has imaged the spectacular, glowing remains of exploded stars, and taken spectra showing the dispersal of elements. Remotely operated by the astronomers from Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) in Bangalore, it is the second-highest observatory in the world and has the 2m class Chandra telescope. Answer: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration introduced to space an X-ray telescope named Chandra in 1999. You have remained in right site to start getting this info. #News: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has captured the first image ever of an event horizon, the boundary between what can and cannot escape a black hole.Famed black hole hunter, @NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, also observed the black hole during #EHT's observations. The "jellyfish" was first observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2014. Chandra completes one orbit around Earth roughly every two and a half days. भूस्थिर उपग्रह प्रक्षेपक मार्क 3 - जिओ सिंक्रोनस सॅटेलाईट लाँच वेहिकल मार्क 3 (जीएसएलव्ही मार्क 3), पहिला भाग- एस 200 - घन इंधनाचा समावेश असणारे दोन रॉकेट बूस्टर, दुसरा भाग - एल 110 - द्रवरूप इंधनाचा टप्पा, तिसरा भाग - सी 25 - सर्वात वरचा, क्रायोजेनिक इंजिनाचा टप्पा (या भागामध्ये यान बसवण्यात आलेले असते). get full biography. The Center maintains an extensive public web site about the science results and an education program. Since its launch on July 23, 1999, the ChandraX-ray Observatory has been NASA's flagshipmission for X-ray astronomy, taking its place inthe fleet of "Great Observatories.". Download File PDF Jagadish Chandra Bose Information In Marathi Jagadish Chandra Bose Jagdish Chandra Bose invented âCrescographâ Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was a prominent Bengali physicist during the British Raj in India. Subhash Chandra Bose essay in Marathi, Marathi essay collection for students, get essay on Subhash Chandra Bose. This X-ray telescope was used to study the X-rays that are coming from heavenly objects.
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The Vatican’s Dicastery for Communication teams up with the Italian Space Agency to launch Pope Francis’ message of peace and hope into orbit aboard the Spei Satelles, or ‘Guardian of Hope’, satellite.
By Devin Watkins
Pope Francis’ message of hope and peace for our troubled world is about to lift off into space.
The Spei Satelles, or “Guardian of Hope” satellite will carry a record of the Pope’s Statio Orbis of 27 March 2020 – held at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic – into orbit around the earth.
The SpeiSat 3U CubeSat will launch on 10 June 2023 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in the US state of California aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which will place it in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 525km.
The satellite—about the size of an American football—will house a “nanobook” version of Pope Francis’ Why Are You Afraid? Have You No Faith?, a book containing images and words from the Statio Orbis.
The nanobook was created by the Polytechnic University of Turin, is about the size of the tip of a pen, and can only be read by highly-advanced nanotechnology reading devices.
Yet, anyone with an amateur UHF-band radio can pick up a broadcast beamed from the satellite on 437.5 MHz to hear excerpts from the Pope’s book as it passes overhead.
Hope and action
The initiative also offers an invitation for people to get involved, and live out the Gospel message of hope in their own lives.
According to a press release, the website www.speisatelles.org gives people the chance to follow the mission’s progress, and have their name inscribed in a dedicated memory chip aboard SpeiSat.
“In order to obtain a virtual boarding pass, those interested will be asked to pledge to do a work of mercy on behalf of peace and hope,” read the statement. “Each person involved can thus become a concrete seed of hope in their daily lives.”
The satellite could potentially stay in orbit for up to 12 years, but the radio transmitter will continue to broadcast for only 6 months to a year due to battery-induced limitations.
Representation of the nanobook
Prophetic icon of hope
The headquarters of Vatican News – Vatican Radio hosted a press conference on Monday to present the initiative, exactly three years after the momentous papal prayer was held in St. Peter’s Square.
The Vatican’s Dicastery for Communication—the parent organization of Vatican News—is promoting the initiative in collaboration with the Italian Space Agency, the National Research Council, the Polytechnic University of Turin, the Instituto para el Diálogo Global y la Cultura del Encuentro – IDGCE, the Salesian University Institute Venice – IUSVE, and the Digital Apostolate of the Archdiocese of Turin.
Fr. Luca Peyron, who leads the Digital Apostolate of Turin, told reporters that the SpeiSat carries a prophetic message of hope, spread through the marvels of advanced technology.
“Even though the nanobook cannot be read with the naked eye,” he said, “it will be there, orbiting our planet. It thus becomes a sign and an icon, just like Pope Francis as he stood alone in that empty St. Peter’s Square.”


Puerto Vallarta, Mexico - Stargazers in the Northern Hemisphere are hoping to catch a glimpse of Comet NEOWISE as it zips through the inner solar system before it speeds away into the depths of space.
Discovered on March 27, 2020 by NASA's Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) mission, Comet NEOWISE has been visible low on the horizon in the early morning sky since early July, but has transitioned into an evening comet and is now putting on a dazzling nighttime display.
Once it disappears from view, Comet NEOWISE will not be visible in Earth's skies for another 6,800 years, according to NASA.
For those hoping to catch a glimpse of NEOWISE before it's gone, there are several opportunities over the next couple of days when it will become increasingly visible as the skies darken. About an hour after the sun sets, look for the Big Dipper constellation in the northwestern sky. Just below it, you'll see the comet.
If you're looking at the sky with the naked eye, Comet NEOWISE will likely look like a fuzzy star with a bit of a tail, but with a pair of binoculars or a small telescope the comet will be more clear and the tail will be easier to spot.
The celestial guest will make its closest approach to Earth on Thursday, July 23 at a distance of 64 million miles - about equal to Mercury's average distance from Earth. The comet will appear all night under the Big Dipper constellation.
For those hoping to see Comet NEOWISE, NASA recommends that you:
• Find a spot away from city lights with an unobstructed view of the sky
• Just after sunset, look below the Big Dipper in the northwest sky
• If you have them, bring binoculars or a small telescope to get the best views
While comets are unpredictable and can disappear from view at any time, astronomers predict that we should be able to see it for the rest of the month.
Sources: NASA • CNN


The Omega Speedmaster is unquestionably one of the most famous watches ever made. The legendary timepiece popularly nicknamed the ‘Moonwatch’ reached stardom for participating in all six lunar missions.
The Omega Speedmaster is unquestionably one of the most famous watches ever made. The legendary timepiece popularly nicknamed the ‘Moonwatch’ reached stardom for participating in all six lunar missions. Furthermore, its reliability and durability was awarded the Silver Snoopy Award — the most prestigious award given by NASA to its employees and partners, following Omega’s crucial role in saving the crew of the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission in 1970.
The Silver Snoopy Award was first introduced in 1968, arising from NASA employees’ frequent jokes and references to the Peanuts comic strip by Charles Schultz. Ever since, there has been a strong connection between Snoopy and the US space programme.
Launched at the rather unfortunate 13:13, on the 11th of April 1970, the mission was going according to plan for 56 hours since take-off. Its fate suddenly took a turn for the worse when oxygen tank Nr. 2 exploded, causing a series of other complications. This included a leak in the coinciding oxygen tank Nr. 1, and a subsequent loss in supply of electricity, light and water. In addition, flashing lights signalled the loss of two of three fuel cells, placing the crew at risk of disaster 200,000 miles from Earth.
At 9:08 p.m. on April 13th, the Apollo Mission Control Centre saw a warning light, followed by the famous message: ‘Houston, we’ve had a problem here.’
After developing and analysing emergency strategies in order to ensure the astronauts return home safely, ground control instructed the crew to use the modest supplies in the lunar module to survive and bring the craft back to Earth.
With only 15 minutes of power left in the Command Module, the crew made their way into the Lunar Module lifeboat. The LM was built for only a 45-hour lifetime, yet in time of emergency it needed to be extended to 90. Although the oxygen backup in the module would suffice, the crew was cramped in the small space, suffering from extremely low temperatures, dehydration, and exhaustion. They knew this was their only chance of making it home safe. The only question was how.
This is where their Speedmasters played a pivotal role. As the LM navigation system was designed for lunar landings in mind, and did not automatically support such extensive manoeuvres, the astronauts had to burn the engines for exactly the right amount of time in order to adjust their trajectory and hit the Earth’s atmosphere at the correct angle. In need of total accuracy, Swigert relied on his Omega Speedmaster wristwatch to measure the exacts lengths of engine burns. As the crew began the descent, they timed the first burn lasting 14 seconds. It was so precise that only two slight further adjustments were necessary.
On April 17th, the LM made a splash into the South Pacific, and Lovell, Swigert, and Haise were immediately pulled out of the water by the rescue team.
The disaster was avoided thanks to NASA staff’s ingenuity and composure at a testing moment of near-death experience. Furthermore, the crew’s successful return to Earth was facilitated by the timely precision supplied by their purpose-built Speedmasters, which despite extreme temperature and pressure changes continued to measure time perfectly.
In celebration of Omega’s contribution to the Apollo 13 mission, in 2015, 45 years after the event, the brand released a commemorative Speedmaster Apollo 13 Silver Snoopy Award Edition.
The watch features a miniature sleeping Snoopy on one of the sub-dials, with a thought bubble above his head with the words: ‘Failure is not an option’ – a quote from the 1995 movie adaptation of the space mission. Across from the miniature is a small inscription on the dial between zero and fourteen seconds asking: ‘What would you do in 14 seconds?’ This, of course, is a reference to the length of time the crew burned the engine before re-entering to Earth’s atmosphere.
On the back of the watch is a beautifully executed, handmade engraving of Snoopy in space in sterling silver mounted on a plate of the same material, surrounded by dark blue enamel.
All in all, the Speedmaster Apollo 13 Silver Snoopy Award pays tribute to all those involved in allowing the crew of Apollo 13 to return safely to Earth. Moreover, the timepiece demonstrates the important role the original Speedmaster Professionals played in space exploration.


Lon Hood's research currently focuses on gas-grain interactions in the early solar nebula, geophysical studies of the Moon and Mars, and satellite data studies of the Earth's stratosphere. The stratospheric work consists of analysis and interpretation of satellite remote sensing data relevant to long-term variability. The relative importance of dynamics and chemistry in producing observed ozone trends at northern midlatitudes is a major topic of current research. Effects of solar variability (mainly at ultraviolet wavelengths which photodissociate molecular oxygen to produce ozone in the upper stratosphere) are also of special interest.
PhD, University of California, Los Angeles, 1979


Watch the James Webb telescope drift through the abyss
On Christmas Eve, it wasn’t just Santa Claus who was about to take off on a very important flight. No, engineers from NASA, the Canadian Space Agency and the European Space Agency (ESA) were preparing to launch the $ 10 billion James Webb Space Telescope into the cosmos.
The day of Christmas launch considering the new generation space telescope, already neatly folded and charge in an Ariane 5 rocket, take off from ESA launch pad near Kourou, French Guiana.
It was one of the most long-awaited moments of the telescope’s 33-year journey from its creation until the moment when it collects its first images of the cosmos.
And soon after being put into orbit aboard the Ariane 5 rocket, JWST was released into the void of space to undertake most of its journey on its own.
Now ESA has released a slightly hypnotic video of the telescope’s first foray into space. And while it marks the craft’s first steps under its own might, it’s also the last time we’ll see the craft as it embarks on its 10-year mission.
The video shows when the multibillion-dollar space telescope separated from the rocket. It also shows the solar panel deploying as the telescope sparkles in the sunlight.
These on-board solar panels will help propel the space telescope to its destination, a million kilometers from Earth.
As Webb glistens in the sun, the images offer one last majestic glimpse of the craft, which was created to examine the beginnings of the universe.
And, while it’s all very big and deep, I can’t help but think how comfortable that shot would be in a Chris Nolan movie or a Portishead clip. Take a look at it above and let me know if you’re ok with it.
But the JWST has come a long way since this video was taken. It is now approaching its final destination in space and engineers have begun to deploy various elements of the craft.
This week, scientists are on edge like JWST tennis court sized sun shades have been deployed. The shields were designed to protect the telescope’s mirrors and cameras from heat, glare, and radiation from the sun and other planets.
Once successfully deployed, the engineers then began to deploy the secondary mirrors of the observatory, which will focus the light on its cameras. Next, space agencies began working to deploy the craft’s huge primary mirror.
The primary mirror of the JWST consists of three parts, including two wings on each side of the main body. Each of the two wings is made up of three mirror segments that must be unfolded to create the 6.5 meter mirror.
This stage of the JWST deployment is expected to be completed today.
After that, all the delicate, complex The stages of Webb’s deployment will be complete and it will be a question of refining each element and the position of the craft in space before the telescope can begin its research.
Once ready to begin its mission, JWST will capture images of distant planets and galaxies, some of which may offer glimpses of the origins of the universe.