https://bib.convdocs.org/v22302/монтенбрук_о.,_пфлегер_т._астрономия_с_персональным_компьютером

Монтенбрук О., Пфлегер Т. Астрономия с персональным компьютером - файл n1.docМонтенбрук О., Пфлегер Т. Астрономия с персональным компьютеромскачать
Доступные файлы (113):
Floppy Disk User's Guide for O.Montenbruck, T.Pfleger ASTRONOMY ON THE PERSONAL COMPUTER (2nd edition 1994) (Turbo Pascal 6.0, Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0, Pure Pascal 1.0) The present floppy disk contains the source codes of the programs described in "Astronomy on the Personal Computer". For generating executable programs a Pascal compiler is required. All programs can directly be compiled with Turbo Pascal 6.0 on IBM compatible PCs or Pure Pascal on Atari ST computers. 1. Contents: ____________ Documentation ( A:\ ) File Description AAREADME.DOC Table of contents and installation guide Main Programs ( A:\ ) File Description COCO.PAS Coordinate transformations COMET.PAS Cometary orbits CONTROL.PAS Verification of orbit determination results from ORBDET (*) ECLIPSE.PAS Solar eclipses ECLTIMER.PAS Local circumstances of solar eclipses FOTO.PAS Astrometric analysis of fotografic plates LUNA.PAS Lunar ephemeris NEWMOON.PAS Dates of New Moon NUMINT.PAS Numerical integration of minor planet orbits OCCULT.PAS Stellar occultations ORBDET.PAS Orbit determination PHYS.PAS Physical ephemerides PLANPOS.PAS Planetary positions PLANRISE.PAS Rising and setting times of the planets SUNSET.PAS Rising and setting times of sun and moon (*) Note: The CONTROL program is not described in the book. It is essentially based on the COMET program which is explained in Chap.4 in detail. CONTROL reads orbital elements from a file ORBOUT.DAT created during an orbit determination with ORBDET and calculates positions for the dates given in ORBINP.DAT. Using CONTROL the correct working of ORBDET can easily be verified. Input Data ( A:\ ) File Description COMINP.DAT Orbital elements of comet Halley for use with COMET FOTINP.DAT Stellar positions for use with FOTO NUMINP.DAT Orbital elements of Ceres for use with NUMINT OCCINP.DAT Coordinates of the Pleiades for use with OCCULT ORBINP.DAT Ceres positions for orbit determination with ORBDET Units Definition Files ( A:\UNITS ) File Description DELIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for numerical integration KEPLIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for calculating Keplerian orbits MATLIB.PAS Unit with mathematical sub-routines MOOLIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for calculating the lunar orbit P15LIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for planetary orbits (Mercury-Jupiter) P69LIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for planetary orbits (Saturn-Pluto) PHYLIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for physical ephemerides PLALIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for computing planetary positions PNULIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for calculating precession and nutation SPHLIB.PAS Unit with spherical astronomy sub-routines SUNLIB.PAS Unit with sub-routines for calculating the solar orbit TIMLIB.PAS Unit with time and calendar sub-routines Sub-routines for numerical integration ( A:\DE ) File Description DE.PAS Driver for the DE multistep method INTRP.PAS Interpolation of the solution STEP.PAS Computation of a single integration step EPSMACH.PAS Computation of the machine accuracy Sub-routines for Calculating Keplerian Orbits ( A:\KEPLER ) File Description ECCANOM.PAS Mean -> excentric anomaly (ellipse) ELEMENT.PAS Orbital elements from two position vectors ELLIP.PAS Position and velocity in an elliptical orbit FINDETA.PAS Sector-triangle ratio HYPANOM.PAS Mean -> eccentric anomaly (hyperbola) HYPERB.PAS Position and velocity in a hyperbolic orbit KEPLER.PAS Position and velocity (two-body problem for all forms of orbit) PARAB.PAS Position and velocity in a parabolic orbit STUMPFF.PAS Stumpff functions XYZKEP.PAS Orbital elements from position and velocity Mathematical Sub-routines ( A:\MATH ) File Description ACS.PAS Arccos (in degrees) ASN.PAS Arcsin (in degrees) ATN.PAS Arctan (in degrees) ATN2.PAS Arctan (in degrees, correct quadrant) CART.PAS Cartesian coordinates from polar coordinates CROSS.PAS Cross-product of two vectors CS.PAS Cos (in degrees) CUBR.PAS Cube root DDD.PAS Decimal degrees from minutes and seconds DMS.PAS Minutes and seconds from decimal degrees DOT.PAS Dot product of two vectors LSQFIT.PAS Calculating best fit (least-squares method) NORM.PAS Length of a vector POLAR.PAS Polar coordinates from Cartesian coordinates QUAD.PAS Quadratic interpolation from three points SN.PAS Sin (in degrees) TEVAL.PAS Evaluation of a Chebyshev polynomial TFITLBR.PAS Approximation by Chebyshev polynomials TN.PAS Tan (in degrees)) Lunar Orbit ( A:\MOON ) File Description MINIMOON.PAS Reduced-accuracy lunar coordinates MOON.PAS More accurate lunar ecliptic coordinates MOONEQU.PAS More accurate lunar equatorial coordinates TFITMOON.PAS Approximation of lunar coordinates by Chebyshev polynomials Physical ephemerides ( A:\PHYS ) File Description BRIGHT.PAS Apparent brightness ILLUM.PAS Conditions of illumination ORIENT.PAS Rotational elements of the planets POSANG.PAS Position angle ROTATION.PAS Rotational parameters SHAPE.PAS Form and size of the planets Planetary Positions ( A:\PLANETS ) File Description GEOCEN.PAS Geocentric coordinates JUP200.PAS Heliocentric Jupiter coordinates MAR200.PAS Heliocentric Mars coordinates MER200.PAS Heliocentric Mercury coordinates NEP200.PAS Heliocentric Neptune coordinates PLU200.PAS Heliocentric Pluto coordinates SAT200.PAS Heliocentric Saturn coordinates URA200.PAS Heliocentric Uranus coordinates VEN200.PAS Heliocentric Venus coordinates POSITION.PAS Heliocentric coordinates of the planets (Keplerian orbits) Precession and Nutation ( A:\PRECNUT ) File Description NUTEQU.PAS Nutation in equatorial coordinates PMATECL.PAS Precession matrix (ecliptic coordinates) PMATEQU.PAS Precession matrix (equatorial coordinates) PNMATRIX.PAS Matrix for precession and nutation (equatorial) PRECART.PAS Precession in Cartesian coordinates Spherical Astronomy ( A:\SPHERIC ) File Description ABERRAT.PAS Stellar aberration APPARENT.PAS Apparent coordinates ECLEQU.PAS Transformation ecliptic -> equatorial EQUECL.PAS Transformation equatorial -> ecliptic EQUHOR.PAS Transformation equatorial -> horizontal EQUSTD.PAS Standard coordinates from equatorial coordinates GAUSVEC.PAS Gaussian vectors HOREQU.PAS Transformation horizontal -> equatorial ORBECL.PAS Ecliptic coordinates of a point in the plane of the orbit SITE.PAS Coordinates of a point on the surface of the Earth STDEQU.PAS Equatorial coordinates from standard coordinates Solar Orbit ( A:\SUN ) File Description MINISUN.PAS Reduced-accuracy solar coordinates SUN200.PAS Ecliptic solar coordinates SUNEQU.PAS Equatorial solar coordinates TFITSUN.PAS Approximation of solar coordinates by Chebyshev polynomials Time and Calendar ( A:\TIME ) File Description CALDAT.PAS Calender date ETMINUT.PAS Approximation of difference ET-UT LMST.PAS Local mean sidereal time MJD.PAS Modified Julian Date Diverse ( A:\DIVERSE ) File Description TFITMOON.PAS Approximation of lunar coordinates by Chebyshev polynomials (without use of T_FIT_LBR) TFITSUN.PAS A proximation of solar coordinates by Chebyshev polynomials (without use of T_FIT_LBR) 2. Notes for compiling and running the programs _______________________________________________ Instead of executable programs the "Astronomy on the PC"-floppy disk contains source texts, only, to allow the user to adapt all programs to his personal needs. A Pascal compiler is therefore required to run the program. All programs can directly be compiled with Turbo Pascal 6.0 on IBM compatible PCs and Pure Pascal on Atari ST/TT computers. The same holds for Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0, except for the fact that the unit WINCRT has to be added to the list of required units in each program. When using other compilers small changes may be required, which are described in the book in more detail. All steps required for compiling the programs with the most common compilers are described in the subsequent sections. There it is assumed, that a hard disk with a minimum of 1.5 MB is available to hold all source codes and executable programs. The names for floppy disk drive and hard disk drive are taken as A: and C:, respectively. In case of problems refer to the instruction manuals of the hard- and software manufacturer. 2.1 Turbo Pascal 6.0 For compilation and testing of the programs use the following DOS commands to copy all files from the floppy disk to an arbitrary working directory on the hard disk (e.g. C:\APC): MD C:\APC CD C:\APC XCOPY/S A:\*.* In doing so, the directory structure described above is maintained. Under the WINDOWS system the files may conveniently be copied using the file manager. After starting the Turbo Pascal Compiler (usually with the command TURBO) it should first be assured that the compiled programs are stored as permanent files and not in memory. To this end the option "Disk" must be selected under item "Destination" in "Compile" menue. The default stack size of 16kB is sufficient for all programs. In the "Directories" item of the "Options" menue, the working directory (C:\APC) has to be specified as Include Directory, to ensure that the subroutines in the lower directories can be accessed during compilation of the unit files. Furthermore, C:\APC\UNITS must be entered as Units Directory. Unless a special EXE- and TPU Directory has been specified the executable programs will also be stored in the C:\APC directory. Activating the menue item "File/Open" or pressing the function key , each main program can now be loaded into the editor and subsequently be compiled by "Compile/Make" (). If the required TPU files are not yet available, the corresponding unit files are automatically compiled. Thereafter the programs may be started inside the Integrated Development Environment by using item "Run/Run" (-) or from the DOS command level by entering the program name. 2.2 Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.0 For use with Turbo Pascal for Windows execute the following DOS commands to copy all files from the floppy disk to an arbitrary working directory on the hard disk (e.g. C:\APC): MD C:\APC CD C:\APC XCOPY/S A:\*.* In doing so, the directory structure described above is maintained. Under the WINDOWS system the files may conveniently be copied using the file manager. In order to permanently store the compiled programs, the option "Disk" is selected in the "Options/Linker..." menue. The working directory (C:\APC) and the units directory (C:\APC\UNITS) are specified as include file path and units directory, respectively, in the in "Options/Linker" menue. A stack size of 16kB is sufficient for all programs. After choosing a main program from the "Files/Open" menue, the Windows unit WINCRT must be added to the list of required units after the USES command. Subsequently the program and the accessed units may be compiled by "Compile/Make" () and executed by "Run/Run" (-) or using the Windows file manager. 2.3 Pure Pascal 1.0 for Atari ST/TT For use of the programs with Pure Pascal all files on the floppy disk have to be copied to a working directory (f.e. C:\APC) on the hard disk. The directory structure described above has to be maintained. This can conveniently be achieved using the desktop. Using the "Options/Directories" menu item of the Pure Pascal desktop the paths for source files and units and furthermore the output paths for compiled units and executable programs have to be specified. Entries in the corresponding dialog form are - Input directories Source files: C:\APC;C:\APC\UNITS Units : C:\APC\UNITS - Output directories Units : C:\APC\UNITS Programs : C:\APC Optionally a directory for executable files like C:\APC\EXE can be created and specified under "Output directories/Programs". This provides separate storage of source and executable files if desired so. In the "Options/Compiler" dialog the following entries are necessary: - Default program extension: *.TOS - Stack size: 16384 - Activate the options "Write programs to disk" and "Write units to disk" for permanent storage of compiled units and executable programs. No further special compiler options are necessary. The $N option should only be used for programs to operate exclusively on an Atari TT. An activated $N option will cause malfunction when operating on a 68000-CPU based Atari like the ST. After selecting a main program source file with "File/Open" or double clicking the file in the files window, the program with it's associated units can be compiled with "Compile/Make" () and executed with "Run/Run" (). During the compilation of some programs Pure Pascal generates warning messages which have no influence on correct program execution. The warnings (which would not be generated by Turbo Pascal) may be neglected. On machines with only 1MB of RAM storage, the PLANPOS program cannot be compiled from within the Pure Pascal developing environment as described above. For compiling PLANPOS, proceed as follows: - Boot the computer without accessories or memory resident programs. - PLANPOS uses the units MATLIB, PNULIB, SPHLIB, SUNLIB, P15LIB, P69LIB and TIMLIB, which have to be compiled separately. Open the appropriate files with "File/Open" or by double clicking in the file window and compile subsequently with "Compile/Compile" (). - Copy the main file PLANPOS.PAS to the Pure Pascal main directory (the default name is C:\PPASCAL). - Now start the command line version of the Pure Pascal compiler (PPC.TTP) by double clicking from the Atari desktop. - In the form appearing, enter the following command line: planpos -I\apc;\apc\units -U\apc\units With a command line interpreter available, a longer command line including the full source file path can be entered: c:\apc\planpos -I\apc;\apc\units -U\apc\units Doing this, it's not necessary to copy PLANPOS.PAS to Pure Pascal's main directory. The generated program PLANPOS.PRG has to be renamed to PLANPOS.TOS. This can be done using the desktop's "File/Info..." item. 3. Input Data _____________ For reasons of copyright it is not possible for us to provide a larger set of orbital elements of comets and minor planets for use with the COMET program. The same is true for a catalogue of stars close to the ecliptic which would be required for the prediction of stellar occultations by the OCCULT program. We must, therefore, ask you to enter these data manually or to obtain them from public domain software and data collections. Please refer to your astronomy and/or computer magazine for further references.


Library of Things
A Library of Things is just that - a collection of things you can borrow! In addition to books, movies and museum passes, we have a variety of entertaining and useful items you can borrow just like a book.
Lawn Games, including Bocce, Cornhole and Ladder Ball
Orion Starblast 4.5” Reflecting Telescope
Richmond Free Library now offers a portable table-top telescope for checkout with your library card! Our Orion Starblast 4.5” Reflecting Telescope was purchased through the Vermont Astronomical Society, which supports libraries by setting up these special telescopes and offering training and repairs.
More about our telescope, including a user’s manual here.
How to Borrow:
Richmond cardholders may place a hold in our online catalog or stop in to check it out for a period of up to 7 days. The telescope is not renewable and a late fee of $5 per day will be assessed.
Borrowers must be 18 or older and sign our Telescope Lending Agreement.


Conflicting reports from the annual meeting of the International Society of Astrophysicists point to a schism over explanations for several recent anomalies in terrestrial cycles. The majority opinion, presented in an official statement from the Society’s board earlier this week, is that a slight bump in the lunar atmosphere has brought on a stretching of the orbital band, as it may be called. This variation is presented as a simple matter of a correction for the expansion of the universe since the Big Bang, the pace of which is popularly considered invariable but is understood in physical and astronomical sciences to be anything but. Hiccups in other portions of the galaxy are recorded several times a year and there is reason to believe these exceptions are very well the norm.
A small but growing group of dissenting Society members has gathered with researchers from an eclectic range of sciences including particle physics, nutrition, nanotechnology, neurobiology, mathematics and zoology, among others. This as-yet unnamed assembly has issued a lengthy statement regarding possible larger forces working outside the recognized boundaries of the known universe. Its assertion, in broad strokes, is that “irregularities” in measures of velocity related to mass as well as in the attractive force between objects in space are actually quite regular. The variations may in fact be patterns of force and timing, perhaps due to a sort of squeezing or pulsing from beyond known limits, causing shifts in physical processes long thought to be fixed. “The inability of our most complex equations to capture new universal trajectories is not a failing of calculation but a direct result of willing blindness to changes in the phenomena being calculated,” the group declares. “Even mathematical perfection will not return us to a steady state that has long since ceased to exist, if it ever truly did.”
The Society’s board chair summarily dismissed these comments as “The zodiacal zealotry of a god-thirsty fringe.” Shortly thereafter, representatives of several Christian and Muslim denominations as well as a Sikh group and several Lubavitch Jews arrived with picket signs and holy books to pray at the entrance of World Center Marriott’s conference wing just as the Society’s members were wrapping up the final day of panels.
One presenter was willing to speak on the condition of anonymity. She reported that in a closed-door session prior to the official start of the conference, select participants discussed at length the meteor hit in Russia in February and the 17,000-mile near miss that followed on its tail. These two incidents, though unrelated, brought about a flurry of speculation about changes being noted a few weeks later. She refused to elaborate.
A spokesman from the World Geography Institute was more forthcoming. He reasoned that had these two bits of cosmic debris collided with each other near the surface of the planet or slammed earth at the same moment, they would have contained enough force to generate a significant tremor perhaps triggering changes in atmospheric and possibly planetary cycles. He went on to describe a possible similar phenomenon occurring on the lunar surface with shocks from the impact being far greater relative to its size. Depending on the force of the impact, the reactive reverberations might be enough to cause a “perhaps only temporary” bump in the orbit. It is unlikely that such an event has occurred unnoticed, given the sheer quantity of telescopic and other recording equipment trained on the skies from observatories around the world. In any event, the current algorithm indicates a delta of +.0002 (adjusted to 1.9818*1020 N) in the force of attraction between earth and our moon.
The effects of such a click are almost too minute to measure with even the most sensitive equipment. If it were not for the simultaneous oddities in biological and physical processes, the perplexing equation adjustment would likely never have made the news. Strange phenomena noticed in several insect and animal species point to a shift in native tendencies. Wetlands ecologists report minor increases in the wingbeat frequencies of dragonflies and early molting by northern migratory waterfowl. The metabolic rate of the tree frog commonly known as a “peeper” appears to have increased. Three varieties of saltwater fish demonstrated a twice seasonal spawning, and biologists are keeping a close watch on those whose breeding periods are approaching. Similarly, a dual heat season has been observed in two types of Amazonian tamarins and at least one family of spider monkeys. The ground speed of several cheetahs under observation has been clocked consistently higher by fractions of a second than any known record, as have fastballs at Wrigley Field, Camden Yards and Fenway Park.
Despite a flurry of statements by various scientific associations, it is altogether unclear if these anomalies are related to the miniscule shift in planetary configuration or if they are the result of some other event – perhaps a climatological, chemical, or seismic occurrence – that has not yet been identified. Needless to say, investigations are ongoing and tempers are high. The long-term effects of these changes, though likely to be considerable, are now pure speculation. The only known fact in all of this is that for the moment, the gravitational force of our planet has slipped. Each of us now weighs a fraction less than ever before in recorded history. Whether we can discern it or not, each footfall, raindrop and milkweed pod lands more lightly today than it did a month ago.


On June 29 of this year, our planet had the shortest day on record. The previous 28 records were set in 2020. The earth took 1.59 milliseconds less to rotate on its own axis that day.
To give you an idea, the blink of an eye lasts 300 milliseconds. In other words, the time lost that day is the equivalent of just over 300ths of a blink, and can only be perceived with very precise instruments.4
It may interest you: James Webb Telescope captures unprecedented images of the Cartwheel Galaxy: NASA
The length of days on Earth is measured by rotational motion, or how long it takes for the planet to rotate on its own axis. And thanks to atomic clocks, we can measure those days with a precision that we couldn’t have otherwise.
An Earth day -or a period of rotation- should theoretically take 86,400 seconds, which are the seconds in 1,440 minutes or 24 hours.
Until 2020, the “shortest” day on record had occurred on July 5, 2005, with a duration of 1.0516 milliseconds less than 24 hours.
But in 2020, Earth reported the shortest 28 days on record since atomic clocks began to be used in the 1960s.
On July 19 of that year, the planet broke the record it had set in 2005, recording a day 1.47 milliseconds shorter than normal. The new record, June 29 this year, is 1.59 milliseconds shorter.


The XENON programXENON is a direct dark matter detection experiment using liquid xenon as the detector medium. The goal is to detect the small charge and light signal after a dark matter particle interacts with a xenon nucleus in a liquid-gas two-phase time projection chamber (TPC): The prompt light signal (S1) is detected with two array of photomultipliers. The ionization electrons are separated from the Xe ions and drifted upwards by a strong electric field. A second electric field extracts the charges from the liquid into the gas phase where they generate secondary scintillation light (S2) which is proportional to the charge signal. The secondary signal -- delayed to the S1 by the electron drift time -- is detected with the same two photodetector arrays.
The TPC design allows the precise 3-dimensional reconstruction of the interaction vertex which can be used to reduce the background contamination by fiducial volume cuts. Furthermore, the ratio S2/S1 has a different value for electron recoils (background) and nuclear recoils (signal) and can be used for background discrimination.
The first module -- XENON10 -- has been successfully operated in dark matter mode at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) until 2007 leading to some of the best limits on WIMP dark matter so far.
The second module -- XENON100 -- is currently taking calibration data at LNGS in order to optimize the detector response. An upgrade to the current effort with a target mass of 1 ton -- XENON1T -- is already funded and in the planning phase.
XENON100The scientific goal of the XENON100 experiment is to reach a WIMP sensitivity that it one order of magnitude better than its predecessor XENON10. This is achieved by an increase in target mass by one order of magnitude to 65 kg. At the same time, the gamma background is reduced by a factor 100. This was achieved by a careful selection of all detector materials for radiopurity and by an improved detector design.
In order to reduce the background even further, the target volume is completely surrounded by a layer of liquid xenon. This passive shield utilizes the excellent self shielding capabilities of xenon. Making the shield active by instrumenting it with PMTs, decreased the background even more.
The pictures show the XENON100 detector with some members of the UZH group during its installation, the top and bottom PMT arrays, as well as the closed detector in its shield:
Our group is involved in PMT testing, calibration and operations at LNGS, in the construction of various detector and shield hardware components, in material screening with a high-purity Ge spectrometer, in data processing and analysis, in Monte Carlo simulations of the expected gamma, alpha, and neutron backgrounds, in the WIMP analysis for spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions, as well as in the design, construction and Monte Carlo simulations for the next phase. We are leading the collaboration wide Monte Carlo Working Group.
|We are conducting Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation to predict the XENON100/XENON10 internal and external backgrounds at LNGS, as well as gamma calibration source simulations. Pictures of the XENON100 and XENON10 geometries are shown on the left. . |
XENON10 and Lab ActivitiesThe picture shows the XENON10 detector in its low-background shield. Note the difference to XENON100, for which the cables, feed-throughs and cryo-cooler have been moved outside the shield.
First results on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions have been published in 2008 (Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 2008). No dark matter candidates have been detected, and the sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon cross sections extends to about 4x10-8pb (4x10-44cm2) at a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2. The figure shows the excluded region in the WIMP cross section-WIMP mass parameter space (region above the red curve), along with the CDMS-II 2005 results (blue curve), and predictions from the constrained MSSM (filled regions).
XENON10 in shield.
XURICH TPC at UZH.
Limits for spin-dependent WIMP nucleon interactions have also been published (Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 2008).
To measure the ionization and scintillation yield of nuclear recoils at low energies, and to study and develop important processes necessary for future big LXe detectors, we have built a small dual-phase xenon chamber that is operated at our lab in Zurich. The picture shows the inner chamber, made of teflon and stainless steel grids. We are also constructing a new lab with a neutron generator in order to make measurements with nuclear recoils of a well defined energy.
Gator: low level counting
|Our group operates a 2 kg high-purity germanium (HPGe) spectrometer in a low background environment underground at LNGS.It is used to screen all XENON detector and shield components for their U/Th/K/Co content. The results were used to construct a full background model of XENON10, XENON100, and are guiding the construction of the next phase, XENON1T. The pictures show the HPGe detector during its installation, as well as the final setup. |
Gator during installation.
Gator in shield.
XENON in the news


Rivera Hotel is a 3-star venue set just 2.1 km from Museo de Arte Decorativo Firma y Odilo Estevez, Parque Independencia and Municipal Palace .
This venue is situated 1050 meters away from Municipal Observatory and Planetarium, Urquiza Park and Astronomical Observatory. The venue is 4 km away from the city center.
The property is 10 minutes’ walk from Centro Entrerriano offering dishes of argentinean cuisine.
Rivera Hotel can be reached in 20 minutes by car from Fisherton airport.


Entering the Race to the Moon
By John P Hornung
This is the autobiography of a rocket scientist during the early years of NASA’s Apollo Mission to the moon. This writing describes four chapters of his life. Three were significant in U.S. history; early school integration in the deep south, a period of brutality in the Marine Corps, and the race to land a man on the moon. A fourth chapter includes short stories of his Sea Scout adventures.
Available formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html
Click here to purchase or for more information.
Click to contact the author.


Exlex Minor a new boat
I soon realised that other sailors also could use it and that it can serve as a pedagogical toy for those interested in astro-navigation and that sextant makes a nice birthday gift. When the international yachting press published articles about my invention Cassen and Plath in Germany and Celestair in the USA started to sell them for me, but commercial production was boring so I only made a few sextant sexttant back to mess sextant with my boats.
That is now many years ago. Today I need money to sdxtant finance my present project; therefore I will sell a limited number sextant private citizens.
Here are some salient facts about my instrument. Its weight is 3 grams or less than one eight of an ounce. The common sextant consists of many parts, some moving; it is complicated and delicate and has a very accurate analogue scale.
It consists of carefully dimensioned spacers and a number of beam splitters, glued together to a unit with a specially formulated epoxy.
When a yrvind from the sun is double and quadruple-reflected between three beam splitters, three bright and five less bright images of the sun appears on the horizon as seen through the instrument. It is a fascinating exercise, but personally I prefer the three beam splitter sextant for its simplicity in looks and image pattern. To find ones position at sea, in a small rocking boat, with the help of the sun, its altitude above the horizon has to be measured, from the top of a wave and during that limited time when the boat yrvind on the yrvind of a wave.
The measured error should, preferable, be not more than a minute of a degree. This amazing, inbuilt, freedom from change and variation is due to, that the images of the sun is always created by an even number of reflections. When the boat heals one way or the other, the first beam splitter reflects the image away from the horizon, but at the same instant, its mate, the second beam splitter which is glued to the first one moves the same distance in tandem, picks up the light beam and reflects it back to exactly yrvind same position, free from change and variation.
The impressive result is constancy. The principle is old and well proven. Radar reflectors and periscopes yrvind other double yrvind devices that work equally well even though the angles of operation changes. But there are more to angle measurements than constancy. It is not an easy art. Every angle consists of two lines sextant their intersection. The surveyor has to align his instrument first with one line then with the second.
Early navigational instrument like the cross-staff also required the navigator to look in two different directions before the angle could be determined. This is of course time consuming and not suited for marine use as an altitude can only be measured during the sextant time the boat is on the top yrvinf a wave.
The sextant has changed all that. The instrument brings the sun down to the horizon so that the navigator can see the two endpoints of the angle he measures in one and the same placer. It cannot be setxant and there is no need to, because I chose simplicity over universality. To explain how it works I will use a metaphor. A balance compares the unknown weight to a standard weight, a spring scale measures weight by the distance a spring deflects under its load.
The ordinary sextant has a very precise scale engraved upon its arc. Its readout is yrvind like the spring scale. In the case of the three beam splitter instrument each of the eight images of the sun are discrete standard calibrated quantities.
The business of the sun is to rise in the morning and set in the evening. Setxant the observer has to do is to time them as they reach the horizon. An evident but little realised fact is that two times a day you can determine the suns altitude without a sextant. Those two times are at the sunrise and at the sunset when yrvind suns altitude is, of course, 0 degrees. With two timed observations of altitude you can calculate your position. An observer using the ordinary sextant brings the sun down the sun to the horizon with the help of yrvind index arm.
Thereby he is creating an yevind sunrise or sunset. The instrument shows you how many degrees the sun has been lowered. Sextants are in fact sunset and sunrise repeaters. Three magnitudes are connected by equations. They are, time, position and the altitude of the sun. If two of them are known, the third can be calculated. Take your time; watch as one of the images is getting closer and closer to the horizon.
When the bottom limb or top limb or the centre of the sun is exactly on the horizon take the time. That done, use yrvind time and your position to esxtant the images constant, which is the suns altitude. Repeat the procedure for the other images.
Make a table of yrvknd results. Later yrvind can use the calibrated altitudes and time to calculate your position. There are some relations between the constants. The difference between the suns upper and lower limb is obviously the suns diameter which is on the average 32 minutes of an arc.
Because you have just determined the altitudes of the eight images by calibration and as the instrument has no yrgind parts there can be no errors, adjustable or nonadjustable. There are not even mirrors to resilver. Sight corrections like index error, dip of horizon, refraction, semi diameter, parallax and so on are an important part of ordinary astro-navigation. The sexant is yrvind you deduct them when correcting the sextant you have to add them when taking the sight.
From each sun you can get tree readings, the lower limb on the horizon, the upper limb on seextant horizon and the centre on the horizon. Sextant times three is twenty-four. You can make sextant same observations twice a day, in the morning when the sun rises and in the evening when the sun sets.
That is enough to make my small back-up sextant worth while. There are two major advantages to this. First the image becomes dead steady. It is like watching a sunset without an instrument. It makes the observations very sextant easier. Second you got both your hands free so that you instantly can write down the time. The timing has to be done to the second, if accuracy is desired.
Sextant time sextant most days. Share this: Facebook Twitter. Like this: Like Loading
Obviously he is trying to raise funds for his 10' boat circumnavigation but I would rather make a donation and buy a used sextant. Never seen that before. I gather from reading at the link that using this kind of sextant is more like catching the time that the sun reaches a certain altitude than measuring the altitude the sun is at particular time. That could make it difficult to get a yrvind through a hole in the clouds.
Long time sextant, John Letchner answered a question about whether an expensive sextant was necessary. If I can paraphrase his reply, he said any sextant will get a satisfactory sighting in good conditions. The more expensive sextants will get sights in bad conditions that cheap sextants sextant handle. What are the yrvind that you will have to rely on the sextant while making a landfall on a rocky coast is bad weather?
A Davis plastic sextant may be a satisfactory backup, almost as good as a spare GPS unit and costing about the same. I found my way around for a few years with sextant Ebbco, even cheaper and nastier yrvind a Davis but that plus a cheap digital watch did yrvind business.
Shure I would have liked a Plath yrvind might have gotten into star sights but the plastic Ebbco was light and relatively yrvind. After Yrvind became available a lot of people sextant regarding sextants like astrolabes - ancient history.
I figured that was a foolish yrvind on electricity until I heard a couple of pre-GPS yrvind that changed my mind. The first was a friend who crewed a 42' from Vancouver to S. It took 12 days in bad weather and they never saw the sun - had to DR the whole trip. The second was the Pardey's writing about their trip from Japan to Yrvind on Seraffyn - 45 or so days with only 2 very iffy sights through overcast. Both voyages ended successfully sextant changed my mind about sextants.
I'd have a good plotter with some handheld backups and a set of charts on a phone. If people can successfully sextant from England to Greece using only a sextant phone with chart apps, maybe the sextant HAS gone the way of sextant astrolabe.
Archived This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies. Recommended Posts. Posted August 16, Has anyone got a Sven Yrvind sextant that they would like to sell? The price of a new one is astronomical - Euros. Sextant anyone ever used one? I like the idea of easy quick off shore checks on the GPS. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites. Never heard of the Bris before and would like to get one to play with. Posted August 18, Posted August 21, Sign In Sign Up.
Much more than documents.
The second Bris was knocked down to I am guessing degrees near Uruguay after successfully rounding Cape Horn. Only the time when the boat was pitch-poled was there no sails up. During the two capsizes and the degree knock down I had sails up. It was freak waves. The 19 feet long Bris II also had an 20 feet mast.
He has studied a double mast set up that allows that, unless both masts hit the water at the same time, one mast will reinforce the other. With the two mast set up it was necessary to rethink all the sails that have to be adapted to that configuration picture on the left. The boat has a 3. The masts will have 6. Those big rudders and the frontal board will allow it to sail against the wind without too much of a leeway. The boat has a cored hull and epoxy resins were used. It is going to be a very long voyage and a big challenge even for Yrvind.
All the luck and fair winds to him, he will need it to succeed on this "madness". Those two times are at the sunrise and at the sunset when the suns altitude is, of course, 0 degrees.
With two timed observations of altitude you can calculate your position. An observer using the ordinary sextant brings the sun down the sun to the horizon with the help of the index arm. Thereby he is creating an artificial sunrise or sunset. The instrument shows you how many degrees the sun has been lowered.
Sextants are in fact sunset and sunrise repeaters. Three magnitudes are connected by equations. They are, time, position and the altitude of the sun. If two of them are known, the third can be calculated. Take your time; watch as one of the images is getting closer and closer to the horizon. When the bottom limb or top limb or the centre of the sun is exactly on the horizon take the time.
That done, use the time and your position to calculate the images constant, which is the suns altitude. Repeat the procedure for the other images.
Make a table of the results. Later you can use the calibrated altitudes and time to calculate your position. There are some relations between the constants.
The difference between the suns upper and lower limb is obviously the suns diameter which is on the average 32 minutes of an arc. Because you have just determined the altitudes of the eight images by calibration and as the instrument has no moving parts there can be no errors, adjustable or nonadjustable.
There are not even mirrors to resilver. Sight corrections like index error, dip of horizon, refraction, semi diameter, parallax and so on are an important part of ordinary astro-navigation. The reason is if you deduct them when correcting the sextant you have to add them when taking the sight.
From each sun you can get tree readings, the lower limb on the horizon, the upper limb on the horizon and the centre on the horizon.
I figured that was a foolish overdependence on electricity until I heard a couple of pre-GPS experiences that changed my mind. The first was a friend who crewed a 42' from Vancouver to S. It took 12 days in bad weather and they never saw the sun - had to DR the whole trip.
The second was the Pardey's writing about their trip from Japan to Victoria on Seraffyn - 45 or so days with only 2 very iffy sights through overcast. Both voyages ended successfully and changed my mind about sextants. I'd have a good plotter with some handheld backups and a set of charts on a phone. If people can successfully navigate from England to Greece using only a cell phone with chart apps, maybe the sextant HAS gone the way of the astrolabe. Archived This topic is now archived and is closed to further replies.
Recommended Posts. Posted August 16,
A Swedish sailor and inventor named Sven Lundin has devel- oped an interesting optical instrument Principle of Operation As shown in Fig.
When the cient equation for light perpendicular yrvijd side, the reflection from each sextant is held to the eye, sdxtant Sun to the air-glass interface and approxi- piece will be approximately twice as appears as a series of images below the real Sun. With no moving parts, the sextany is lightweight, inex- Mini-Sextant as a Navigation Instrument pensive, and compact.
However, To use a sextant to determine the observers position from solar because of the fixed angles, the navi- observations, two separate observations are required. With a con- gator must wait until the position of ventional sextant, the angle setant the Sun above the horizon would yrvinf the Sun in the sky is such that either recorded along with the exact time of each observation. Since the the upper or lower limb of one of the mini-sextant can only measure the angle between the Sun and the solar images in the sextant touches horizon in a series of fixed angles, the observer records the exact time the horizon.
Noting the time at which that one of the solar images touches the horizon, along with the angle the limb crosses the horizon, the nav- of the image previously determined by the instrument calibration, as igator then uses standard celestial in Table I. Using celestial navigation tables and a computation form or navigation tables to perform a sight navigation software, each observation is compared with the calculat- reduction and determine a line of ed position of the Sun at the time of the observation to produce a line yvind.
While a full discussion of of position along which the observers yrvind lies. The line of posi- celestial navigation is beyond the tion is actually an approximation of a large circle on Earths surface. A sec- ten beginners guides to celestial nav- ond observation, made later, is required so that the two lines of sextant igation. For greatest accuracy, the two observations should be well sextant panying box. If tional instrument, the Bris Mini- sextsnt observer is stationary, this process is relatively straightforward, Sextant is an interesting optical since the morning and afternoon positions are the same.
For a mov- instrument on its own. In this article, ing observer, yrvind as one in a boat under sail, the morning line swxtant we ssextant examine the design and con- position sextant advanced by making a running fix, meaning that the ssextant struction of your own mini-sextant, of position is moved in the same direction and distance that the boat which is a simple tool for demon- is estimated to have moved. The estimate of the boats motion is strating Fresnel reflection, geometric made using dead reckoning, which is generally based on the speed optics, and several common optical and heading of the boat between observations.
Downloaded 06 Jul to For nighttime use, face, the equation is still a useful the mirror setxant tilted slightly so that approximation for estimating the the light reaching the drivers relative intensities of the images. The Sun is dextant using mobile and the dark night, the the sextant by holding both headlights of cars are clearly visi- a solar-viewing filtersuch as ble but not too bright.
Overall view of mini-sextant. The angles of the transmitted A number of bright and dim image beams depend upon the images of the Sun will appear in a relative angles of the glass plates, line below the Sun. These images described by angle A and angle B are the result of the light from the in Fig. In these calculations, it Sun exiting the mini-sextant at a is easiest to assume that the first large number of angles. Three of sextant plate is perpendicular to the the transmitted beams, the bright light source.
Note that some of dicular will still hold when the these beams have the same entire assembly of plates is rotat- angles, and one overlaps with a ed, yrfind that the angle of all of the brighter two-reflection yrvind. This effect was Fig. Light paths through the mini-sextant, with angles in beam will have an intensity only degrees for the authors sample instrument. Anotheralthough credit for the inven- act in two ways: they produce a series safe way to use the mini-sextant is to tion went to John Hadley and Thomas of images at different angles, and use a pinhole to project an yrvind of Godfrey, who independently con- sextsnt reduce the intensity of the Sun, the Sun through the mini-sextant and structed instruments based upon the though not enough to be safe for the onto a yrvlnd screen.
A similar idea in The use of two yrvind eye without a solar viewing filter. Two- and four-reflection light paths through the mini-sextant.
Since the forward- and back- angles of yrvind between the sextant, itself only one-sixth of a full reflections are paired, the net result is glass plates. These lines yrvidn act as a circle, could measure angles as great that the image angles will remain guide while gluing the plates togeth- as degrees.
For yrvid sample mini-sextant, we The angles may be worked out tant. Table I provides a summary of used metal-bond type epoxy that geometrically using the standard law the two- and four-reflection image mixes sextznt yrvind a viscous gray gel and for reflection: the angle of incidence angles.
Stack the sextanr equals the angle of reflection, as plates and wrap adhesive tape around measured from a line perpendicular Construction the edge to be epoxied, yrvins that the to the surface.
It helps to draw an To experimentally verify the theo- tape acts as a hinge between the top enlarged representation of the mini- retical calculations, we constructed a and bottom plate. Remove the middle sextant and to carefully sketch the mini-sextant using glass microscope glass plate yrvinx use a toothpick to light-paths of the various images, slides. Microscope slides are yrvind for spread a bead sextnat epoxy along the using a protractor to measure the simple optical experiments because roughened portions of the faces.
Then angles, as in Fig. The effect of each they are readily available, inexpen- open the hinged plates and position reflection is then added to or sub- sive, and of relatively good optical the middle plate in place, pressing the sxetant from the angle measured from quality. Three glass pieces 25 by 25 three plates together. Stand the the incoming light yrvind.
These cal- mm were cut from 1-mm-thick assembly on one side on top of the culations become tedious, but a sdxtant microscope slides by scoring the paper pattern, opening the plates to pler yrvind is possible.
Each slides with a glass cutter and then the proper angles. Let the epoxy cure. If you prefer, A plastic mm film container with es the angle between the beam and you may setxant the entire microscope a wad of tissue at the bottom makes the horizon by an amount equal ytvind slide, which makes for a larger but an ideal storage case for the mini- twice the plates angle.
A back-reflec- easier-to-construct mini-sextant. Where the glass pieces the glass plates, we placed the mini- yrvvind the light away from the Sun, are to be glued together, place a piece sextant in the beam of a helium-neon decreases the beam angle by twice of eextant over the face of the slide to laser, although an inexpensive laser- the plate angle.
Since the angle of the protect it, leaving about 2 mm at the diode laser pointer could also be first plate is zero, reflections from the edge sextant. Grind sextant uncovered used.
The beams of light coming first glass plate are ignored in the strip slightly, so there is a thin rough from the mini-sextant were allowed angle computation, as discussed ear- area to help the epoxy adhere.
The to fall onto a white paper yrvibd lier. If the yrvine is rotated, middle plate should be ground on screen. Using the viewing screen, it yrvind then sestant of sextant back-reflections will both faces, while the end plates only possible to observe the spots of light add twice the angle of the rotation, require the face toward the middle produced by the main, undeflected while the sextany will plate to be ground.
Only subtract twice the angle of the sextant On a piece of paper, draw the the two-reflection beams were plain. The mini-sex- tant needed to be in contact with the camera lens so that the front surface of the cam- era lens did not form a fourth surface to create additional reflections.
We used an inex- pensive ultraviolet haze filter to protect the camera lens and to provide a flat sextant to sextanf against the mini-sex- tant. The approximate angu- lar range of Fig. Predicted image positions for authors mini-sextant, where a large circle indicates a bright image and a sextant includes three bright images circle represents a dim image.
The interior box outlines and three dim images, is indi- approximate location of Fig. Image taken with yrvund camera looking through 3. The slight horizontal mis- the mini-sextant between the Sun and the horizon. In Using the spacing between these mini-sextant the glass plates did not addition, the mini-sextant demon- images and the distance between the meet exactly along the glue line.
Since although the dimmer reflected yrvind reflected beams. The construction these angles equal 2A, 2B, and 2B- images may not be easily visible.
In sextan case should laser 1. Braden, Ocean Navigator angles of the authors sample mini- light be observed directly through the 84, 4 Blewitt, Celestial Nav- Figure 3 is a theoretical result.
Instead, project the laser igation for Yachtsmen Stanford plot of the images that should be pro- images onto a cardboard or paper Marine, London, After waiting for the Sun to If nothing else, Lundins mini-sex- 4.
Bowditch, American be visible through a break in the tant is a very simple but exceedingly Practical Navigator U. Washington, DC,pp. Building such a mini-sextant to pro- Remember that the Sun is extremely duce a specific pattern of images bright, so only the reflected images involves sexrant geometrical optics, a should be observed, and these for good introduction to more ygvind only brief periods of time. Figure 4 is ed geometrical optical design involv.
Learn more about Scribd Membership Bestsellers. Read Free For 30 Days. Much more than documents. Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. Bris Sextant. Uploaded by kwayneolson How to build, calibrate and use to take sun shots.
Though he notes that the light sextant stars is too dim to use with the Bris, I wonder if making a "night" version with the welding shade replaced sextanh a piece of clear glass wouldn't allow for star and planet shots, too. Date uploaded Apr 05, Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Flag for inappropriate content. Download Now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Detection and Sizing Techniques of Connected Cracking.
Jump to Page. Search inside document. Documents Similar To Bris Sextant. Gabriel Chiriac.
Dating profiles and free personals ads posted by single women and girls from cities including: Kiev, Moscow, Donetsk, Dnebrovsky, Saint Petersburg, Odessa, Kazan, Perm', Zaporizhzhya, Tambov, Lapu-Lapu City, Guangzhou, Tacloban City, Konakovo, Kalibo, Nizhniy Novgorod, Istanbul, Kharkiv, Brooklyn, Mira Loma,
Swedish Boatbuilder Is Creating 'Survival Capsule'; Packing Books, Sardines
The Bris sextant /ˈbriːs/ is not a sextant proper, but is a small angle-measuring device that Sven Yrvind (Lundin) developed his Bris sextant as part of his quest for low-cost, low-technology equipment for ocean crossings. The Bris is a. Has anyone got a Sven Yrvind sextant that they would like to sell? The price of a new one is astronomical - Euros. Obviously he is trying to.
Most Popular Videos
- Вы ищете знакомства с иностранцами?
- Хотите выйти замуж за рубеж?
- Наш международный сайт знакомств абсолютно бесплатно поможет вам!
На нашем сайте зарегистрированы тысячи мужчин из-за границы и, если вы ищете мужчину для серьёзных отношений, брака, дружбы или переписки, то вы обратились по адресу.
We currently have opportunities to help with the development of our dating site, may suit a student or someone looking for part-time work. View more information here.


Telecom satellites keep people around the world continuously in touch and informed, research satellites monitor global weather, while other missions provide scientists with information on the earth’s magnetic field and geomagnetic storms.
Europe’s Copernicus environmental programme, which began 20 years ago, manages seven Sentinel satellites that deliver terabytes of data every day. It is the world’s biggest provider of Earth observation data, and that data is offered free to anyone, anywhere.
In fact, Geneviève Fioraso, the former French minister for higher education and research, speaking at Leti Innovation Days in July, said that 54 percent of the data that scientists use to evaluate climate change comes directly from space.
But with extended space missions comes the requirement for flawless performance by on-board equipment over a period of years, in a very harsh environment.
Leti has been designing components and measurement tools, for many years, which have underpinned several European space programmes and provided both emerging and mature technologies for space missions.
Emerging technologies may be born in research-and-teaching (R&T) projects prior to their selection for new missions. For example, the vector mode of magnetometers launched in the Swarm magnetic-field mission were the subject of a PhD theses and R&T programme before they were selected for that mission.
These types of projects often involve a long-term partner CNES, the French space research agency, or the European Space Agency (ESA). When it comes to more mature technologies, our task is raising equipment, devices or components to the top of the technology readiness level (TRL) scale. The end result may involve disruptive technology in the sense that the required performance is usually beyond what is currently possible, but it is always based on well-established expertise. For example, current developments in sub-millimetric detectors for missions are a major step toward increased sensitivity and polarization measurement compared to those that were used in the Photodetecting Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) for the Herschel Space Observatory.
Designing and developing new components for specific space projects will often require engineers to expand the applications of existing devices. Leti’s RF MEMS switches, for example, which had been previously studied for land-based operations, have been adapted to the specific requirements of space missions.
More generally, the requirement to reach TRL5 to qualify an instrument for a mission means that one can no longer develop these components only for space applications, which are a niche market.
Developing new instruments or sub-systems, such as the bolometers for the Herschel Space Observatory or the absolute scalar magnetometers for the SWARM mission, gives scientists the opportunity either to carry out completely new studies or to improve an instrument’s accuracy based on its performance in previous applications. Moreover, the demanding requirements of space missions may give rise to technologies that can be adapted to commercial use. The motion-capture applications developed by the Leti-startup Movea, which was acquired by InvenSense in 2014, capitalised on technology that Leti and CNES developed for platform attitude control.
Continued discovery also depends on new materials such as SOI and GaN (gallium nitride), leading to improved component performance for telecom satellites, embedded software on optical detectors, integrated RF amplifiers and high power computing.
New materials also play a key role in expanding communication in space with photon detectors.
Increasing the gain of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) without adding more than a negligible amount of noise boosts the sensitivity of photon detectors. Leti and CNES showed that APDs made of HgCdTe (mercury cadmium telluride) significantly outperform those based on other semiconductor materials, making it possible to greatly improve their sensitivity, while maintaining a nearly constant signal-to-noise ratio.
Leti is also focused on developing detectors with high temporal resolution that can detect a very small number of photons operating under the hazardous conditions of deep space.
In 2016, Leti and CNES conducted the first space qualification tests of HgCdTe APD technology, which showed that this APD can be used for a number of space applications. More recent tests demonstrated that our HgCdTe APDs could achieve 4GHz bandwidth, confirming estimates on the response time limitations in these devices, and providing evidence that bandwidths in the order of 10GHz can be achieved with them.
HgCdTe APD is also an enabling technology for inter-satellite communications in global Internet networks, where the devices’ high sensitivity can be used to reduce the complexity of the terminals, increase bandwidth, and/or reduce emitted laser power. Access to Internet everywhere will have a strong societal impact and is the application where we expect the largest number of detectors to be used and the highest potential revenue once industry is able to manufacture the detectors.
HgCdTe APDs’ use for deep space optical telecommunications will allow space vehicles exploring the far reaches of our solar system to send more data back to earth. The higher the data collection capacities of these explorers, the bigger the data rate they will need.
Another field of application is environmental science, in which the detectors can be used to study our atmosphere from space, to keep an eye on things like the exchange and storage of greenhouse gases.
This will result in a better understanding of the dynamics of greenhouse gases, thereby helping scientists to improve climate models.
A request from industry
While scientists focus on creating new technologies or adapting existing ones to support government and private space programmes, sometimes the industry’s requests are more down to earth.
Speaking at Leti Innovation Days in July, Hervé Gilibert, CTO of ArianeGroup, whose businesses include satellite-launching services, said that he would like to work with technology suppliers to make pre-launch equipment testing and validation more efficient.
“Electronic boards for us are delivering a service onboard the launcher,” Gilibert said. “Of course, we are shaking them a lot and warming them up and down. However, the ideal situation for us would be … to test the functional aspects to make sure it works as a functional chain onboard the launcher, and get rid of having to demonstrate one by one that all the equipment is qualified for the dynamic, radioactive and thermal environment of space.”
In space and on Earth, the challenges and opportunities for the microelectronics industry are far reaching.
International space missions and technologies from Leti
SWARM, launched in 2013 this uses a next-generation absolute scalar magnetometer. A European Space Agency (ESA) mission, which put three satellites in different polar orbits to take high-precision and high-resolution measurements of the Earth’s magnetic field, is intended to improve our understanding of the planet’s interior and climate. ESA recently extended the mission to 8.5 years and possibly a full solar cycle (11 years).
The Cassini-Huygens Mission, was a collaboration between NASA, ESA and the Italian Space Agency to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites. Leti and CEA’s Astrophysics Division designed, tested and fabricated infrared detectors for Cassini's Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS). Spectrometers split light into different colours, like a glass prism. CIRS was special because it sensitive to invisible heat rays, or infrared light emitted by the planet, its rings and its moons.
Herschel Space Observatory, launched in 2009, saw the development of bolometers (detectors used for studying EM radiation) for the PACS installed on the Herschel satellite, in close cooperation with the CEA's Astrophysics Division.
CHAMP Mission, Leti developed a nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer for this German mission to measure Earth’s magnetic field.
Oersted Project, launched in 1999, Leti developed the nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometer. Originally planned to last 14 months, the mission is still transmitting data on the magnetic field to scientists.
Author details: Jean-Michel Leger is Leti’s space applications programme manager


For most people Jodrell Bank brings one image to mind – that of its giant Lovell Telescope, which has been a familiar feature of the Cheshire landscape and an internationally renowned landmark in the world of astronomy for over 50 years. Since the summer of 1957 it has been quietly probing the depths of space. Even now, it remains one of the biggest and most powerful radio telescopes in the world, spending most of its time investigating cosmic phenomena which were undreamed of when it was conceived.
Visitors to the Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre can walk half way around the base of the telescope, viewing it from many angles, as they walk along an Observational Pathway that has information boards describing how it works and what it does. In the Space Pavilion you can listen to the sounds of the Big Bang and explore the invisible Universe using a range of hands-on activities.
You may be surprised to know that Jodrell Bank has 35 acres of gardens which provide a picnic and playground area with great views of the Lovell Telescope.


[ China Instrument Network Instrument Development ] Recently, the team of the Institute of Optoelectronics Rao Changhui has made important progress in the polarization and calibration of ground-based large-caliber solar telescope instruments.
Solar explosive activity will have a major impact on the Earth and interplanetary space environment, including communication disruptions, information security incidents, high-latitude power system collapse, and damage to space probes. Most of the sun's activities are related to the solar magnetic field. The measurement of the solar magnetic field helps to study the physical mechanism of the phenomenon of solar corona heating, flare triggering, and coronal mass ejection, thus realizing early warning of catastrophic space weather.
In order to achieve accurate space environment monitoring and space weather forecasting, it is necessary to obtain observation data of large field of view high resolution in the solar active area. Since the intrinsic polarization of the solar atmosphere and the instrument's own instrument polarization overlap each other, accurate measurement of the intrinsic polarization of the solar atmosphere cannot be obtained without high-precision and effective separation. Therefore, high-precision calibration of the intrinsic polarization introduced by the solar telescope and its back-end instrument is a prerequisite for high-precision measurement of the intrinsic polarization of the solar atmosphere.
To achieve the above objectives, the solar polarization measurement is required to achieve higher measurement accuracy and sensitivity. However, the processing and assembly errors of the optical components in the polarization measuring system and the instrument polarization of the telescope system itself greatly reduce the accuracy of the polarization measurement. The solar atmospheric intrinsic polarization measurement mainly involves high-precision polarization detection technology and instrument polarization calibration technology. Currently, measurements of the solar magnetic field are typically performed using polarization measurements of specific solar Zeeman splitting lines.
Optoelectronics has conducted in-depth theoretical and applied research on the polarization and calibration of ground-based large-caliber solar telescope instruments, effectively solving the problem of instrument polarization measurement and calibration unsynchronization.
At the same time, Optoelectronics completed the design of the instrument polarization dynamic calibration scheme of the first 2-meter solar telescope-1.8m solar telescope in China, and proposed the specific implementation requirements from the perspective of engineering application. It is the polarization calibration of the 1.8m solar telescope and the future sun. The foundation for high-precision polarization and magnetic field detection in the atmosphere is laid.
(Source: China News Network, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Knowledge Network)
White Kidney Beans,Round White Bean,Spanish White Kidney Bean
Nut & Seed Co., Ltd. , http://www.nbkidneybean.com


The easiest way to use this app on your PC is through the use of ApowerMirror. It is an application that is made for the purpose of letting you mirror your phone’s screen in your Windows/Mac computer screen.
This application enables users to stream apps to your pc from your phone on high resolution and without lag. Hence you can use Lunar Live - Moon Weather Forecast for PC without Bluestacks. Moreover, this tool comes with an easy-to-use interface. You just need to connect your phone to the computer and you are good to navigate your phone with mouse and keyboard.
Without further ado, here is the step-by-step procedure on how to use Lunar Live - Moon Weather Forecast for your computer in 4 simple steps below:
You can also use Emulators to run Android applications on PC.
One example is the BlueStacks App Player. It is a powerful tool that provides users a virtual device similar to an actual phone. This also enables users to install games and other popular and in-demand applications.
Thus, you’ll be able to access the Play Store without any restrictions. The downside of this is it slows down the performance of your computer even though the app is not running in the background. Not only that, some complains about its sluggish operation.
Let’s proceed with the steps, so we can use Lunar Live - Moon Weather Forecast on computer.
1. Download and install the BlueStacks App Player on your computer. You can get bluestacks here
2. Once it has been installed, open the program and sign in using your Gmail account or create a new one.
3. Search for Lunar Live - Moon Weather Forecast on the Play Store and install it.
4. Run the app and enjoy your favorite Weather app on Windows PC.
Stay up to date about the moon with Lunar Live the only moon forecasting app. *********************Features********************* Real-time updates on and about the moon based on any or multiple locations Rise and set times of the moon The dates of the next 4 phases A list of the moon phase for the next 5 days Zodiac Sign for current day as well as real-time moon positioning (Altitude, Azimuth, Right Ascension, Declination). A illustration of how far the moon is in its cycle as well as a timer that displays how much longer the moon has til it rises or sets in the sky. Also a really cool feature that shows where the moon is around the earth in real-time. Store an unlimited number of locations that you can easily swipe between. Enjoy beautiful photographs throughout Lunar Live.


They say that we are made up of stars and the universe. I believe that. The world runs an efficient system where nothing is wasted and energies are transformed and manifested on different frequencies to create different forms of beings and the inanimate. When I stare up into the darkness of the night skies and look at my skin colour, I recognised that my Blackness and the dark matter blanketed above me are one of the same.
The dark matter is rolled out like a never ending scroll throughout the entire universe. What was once considered by scientists as just empty space is now known as dark matter and dark energy. Scientists say it is all mysterious and yet to be understood. Dark matter is to the universe what melanin is to our bodies. As above, so below.
For us to understand melanin, we have to start with understanding the sun. After all the sun is at the centre of all biochemical processes on Earth. Without it, life cycle of vegetation and animals would end and the circadian rhythms (that tells us when to sleep, eat, etc) of all creatures would be disrupted. The sun is able to create energy because it is essentially a massive fusion reaction that emits energy in the form of light and heat. The energy emitted from the outer shell of the sun from which light is radiated (called photosphere) spreads through space and reaches Earth’s atmosphere. It is the Earth’s upper layer of the atmosphere (the ozone layer) that filters much of the sun’s ultra-violet (UV) radiation, but passes some onto the surface such as on to the oceans and clouds. The energy that is received is then absorbed by humans, providing us with a source of energy that is absorbed into our melanin. It is melanin that absorbs the UV radiation that the body needs. Thus, melanin is a semiconductor in the body where energy exchange is occurring.
Melanin gives the pigment of the skin, hair and iris of the eye; as well as found in the inner ear and heart. Melanin is produced from cells called melanocytes, located just below the outer surface of the skin, which is in higher levels in people with darker skin. Melanin’s primary function is to protect the skin from sun damage and the primary benefit of sun protection is having youthful skin. That is why people that originated near the equator tended to be the darkest and people further away from the equator tended to be the lightest. It is the blackness jus like dark matter that can absorb and store energy.
Melanin is also found in brain tissues including medulla oblongata (which regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing) and zona reticularis (which makes and secrets different sex hormones) of the adrenal gland, and pigment-bearing neurons within areas of the brain-stem, such as the locus coeruleus (involved with physiological responses to stress and panic) and the substantia nigra (involved in the production of dopamine that helps coordinate muscle movement). As you can see melanin enhances the entire efficiency our being.
In regards to the pineal gland, our internal body clock works in harmony with the sun’s energy. For example, the darkness induces sleepiness and when there is sunlight we are awake (when in nature). This gland allows our mental energies to connect with the Source/God to receive enlightenment when we are awake in the form of visions/imagination and receive the power to transcend the physical realms when we sleep and dream.
The same way scientists have discovered when dark matter in space interacts with particles of light, it creates “halos of light” around galaxies, just like melanin allows us to be highly enlightened when we work with our natural self to open our crown chakra (or halo). Also like without dark matter’s gravitational pull to hold all the stars together while spinning at such high speeds, melanin is a key component to maintaining our health and organising our body intuitively.
Our melanin rich skin reminds us that we are the originals of this amazing Earth and we are the closest thing to what makes up 80 percent of this spectacular universe. When God said ‘let us make man in our image’, I wonder if the Creator took the blackness of the starry skies and kneaded it into the dirt of the earth and sprinkled stardust into the human mind. Next time you look up at night and see the sky, remember you are one with the universe.


In the early days of the system, Transyl, being Anur's largest planet, was constantly thrown back and forth by Anur Phaetos's unbalanced gravitational pull, causing Transyl to collide with its neighboring planets. This resulted in Anur Khufos losing one third of it's original mass, and the complete destruction of the Loboans first home, the planet Anur Lobo. Those who were not killed in these events made new homes in the ruins swept up in Transyl's gravitational pull.
Overtime, the various species decided they needed to do something about the situation, so they pulled together their greatest minds and all the Corrodium the Thep Khufan were willing to give, and made a supercharged gravitational field emitter. The original plan was to pull Transyl back together, but what they created was much more powerful then they had thought, indeed pulling Transyl into a stable state, but also stopped its rotation, as well as the rotation of every other planet in the system. The field created was so powerful, it brought the whole system to a standstill and created the strange energy textures that stretch from planet to planet.
The planet consists of landmasses from various celestial bodies of the inner rotation of Anur. Lightning storms are frequent on Transyl, due to its heavy ionized atmosphere.
- Dr. Viktor
- Most of the citizens of Anur Transyl are xenophobic towards species that do not come from their system, they view beings who do not possess monstrous appearances like theirs as "monsters".


Celestron telescope Win..
Colaiste Chiarain students are looking to the sky! Space has proved an intriguing topic for our STEM students. Blackrock Castle Observatory in Cork have been running a number of events over recent months to promote Space education in collaboration with ESERO, the European Space Education Resource Office
Topics have included careers in space and students were given the opportunity to speak directly via video link with a variety of experts from astronauts to engineers. The students entered a competition at one of the events to win a Celestron telescope. The students had to come up with questions for the experts and the prize was won by second year STEM student Taha Nije who asked ‘Would it be easier to build a liveable habitat on the Moon or Mars?’.
The telescope will be put to good use in our new school building, where as well as watching the moon and stars from our second floor STEM lab, there are commanding views of Tory Hill and the surrounding countryside.
News - School Updates
In addition to our school website, please follow our school updates and activities on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram
High Street, Croom, Co. Limerick
Tel: +00 353 61 397700
The contents of Coláiste Chiaráin's web pages are provided as an information guide only.


Recommended Clearing Universities
Start the search for your uni. Filter from hundreds of universities based on your preferences.
London (Greater) · 93% Recommended
North West England · 99% Recommended
South East England · 98% Recommended
What's new at Uni Compare
Get the help you need direct from the university. Ask about accommodation, your course and university societies.
Bulk order prospectus from universities and have them delivered to your door for free.
Taken from 65,000+ data points from students attending university to help future generations
Discover university rankings devised from data collected from current students.
Explore the mysteries of the universe with an Astrophysics degree. You'll learn your general relativity from quantum mechanics, astrometry from astrophysical techniques.
5 courses found


This is lecture 23 in the series "Introduction to the Mathematics of Climate" offered at the University of Minnesota in 2014 with the support of MCRN and The Institute for Mathematics and its Applications.
This lecture refines the question "can we predict the future?" to the more relevant questions "What Part of the Future Can’t We Predict? The Solar System? Statistical Mechanics? Weather? Climate?" Longterm dynamics of the solar system are discussed. An analogy to statistical mechanics is proposed as hope for predicting climate out of chaotic weather. Aspects of climate that probably can and probably can't be predicted are presented.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Mathematics


Transit of Venus and Several Stupid reasons therefore to believe this is the year to set up a new Brewing Business
May 2, 2012 § Leave a comment
2012 is to be a year of The Transit of Venus,
What is a transit of Venus I hear you all say?
The Transit of Venus when Venus passes directly between earth and the sun, we see the distant planet as a small dot gliding slowly across the face of the sun. Historically, this rare alignment is how we measured the size of our solar system.
When Is it?
The next transit of Venus occurs June 5 or 6, 2012, depending on your location. This will be the last transit of Venus to occur in your lifetime, the most recent transit of Venus was a thrilling sight in 2004. After the June 2012 transit of Venus (the last one in your lifetime), the next such alignment occurs in 2117 , so if you miss it you wont get another chance!!!!
Now I was not really privy to the Transit of Venus until a few short weeks ago, but since I was made aware i have read a few things etc etc and noticed a few odd things that stupidly, got me thinking that setting up The Cheshire Brewhouse (something i have been planning before my knowledge of the transit of Venus) this year could be aligned in the stars better than I thought!!!!!!
This is where you start to read what a knob, however i will go on with my ramblings if you care to read, Looking at Past Transit of Venus events,
The first recorded Transit of Venus was 1639 and was seen in the Village of Hoole near Preston Lancashire.
The Next was 1761 followed by 1769,
I looked up notable events for these years and this is where It got interesting I couldn’t find much of interest in the way of beer for the first two Transits but there it is recorded that Guinness was first exported in 1769, also Scaldis (Dubuisson Brewery) were also established in 1769, Tennants had a change of Regime and Name in that year also with the Company Changing to J&R Tennant, at the Wellpark brewery Glasgow. all large events in beer in what was the duplicate 8th gap year of the second recorded coming of the Transit.
I moved on and looked at the next transit dates 1874 & 1882, with interest in the trailing Transit year of 1882, Notable beer events for 1882 Include Brains Brewery were established in Cardif, Kopparberg were established in Sweden, Shumensko pivo (now Carlsberg) were established in Bulgaria, Joseph Holt handed the reins of the Holts Brewery Manchester, over to his son Edward, Ram (Young’s) Brewery Complex) was rebuilt, & most notably Wrexham Lager brewed their first lager in 1882.
It appears on the surface that the years of the second occurrence of the Transit of Venus (the transit that comes 8 years following the first of the pair of Transits), is good for Beer Businesses and brewing in general, as nearly all the above are still household names to more than just beer people.
Therefore with this in mind I am hoping the 2012 Transit of Venus is going to be a Good omen for a strong start for The Cheshire Brewhouse, I have the 14th May as the date I am moving into premises, Forms for licences etc are filled and sent, plans are in place for build of equipment, drains etc are in place & I hope to be getting the first commercial brews on around the time of the transit, ready for release to the general market for Mid June . Exciting times & one can but hope, the omens are good ones.
Further to this if you have a home brewed beer and want to enter a most interesting competition held in the Village of Hoole on June 4th 2012 please look at Transit of Venus Real Ale Competition
For more information on the Transit of Venus please visit


The moon this morning was very prominent. Of course I needed to take a picture of it. I obtained the phase of the moon from Moongiant.
Well, I just couldn’t get a good picture of the Supermoon or Blue Moon on January 31, 2018. There was a tree in the way from all angles which wouldn’t let me focus on the moon. But I did get this shot on the same night. I discovered that the settings were the opposite of […]
The moon has been very visible during the morning for the last few days and I have wanted to get a picture. I wish I still had my 70-300mm lens but at 55 and 210 you can still see what I was seeing.


I would ask them what happened and they would say the “potential new customer ” said they were simply “just looking around and did not need. M Really Just Looking jobs hiring near me. Browse M Really Just Looking jobs and apply online. Search M Really Just Looking to find your next M Really. Is there a built in arch support of gel or anything? I'm really just looking for ankle support. I'm a sz & was getting the medium. asked on October 26,
It's the only time a Full Moon should be observed. Did you see the Super Snow Moon? Did it live up to the hype? Or did it 'just look like the Moon'?
Really just looking Wants Man
It's way too bright. I mean, eye-searingly bright.
Go outside tonight and look at it again if the sky is clear. It's like looking at the Sun.
It stains your retina for a few seconds. It's actually a horrible thing to look at. In theory, that could be interesting, but in practice it's only slightly bigger.
Really just looking Searching Sex Dating
It's not the Super Snow Moon you should be going crazy about, at least, not after it's risen more than a few degrees into the night sky. Here's when you Really just looking should be looking at lookung Moon if you want to see anything:.
A Crescent Moon between Jupiter right and Venus left last month. Though you're not going to be looking at the Moon itself, the sight Really just looking our satellite close to a bright planet, or between two planets, is a lovely thing to witness. The slimmest Crescent Moon possible is Housewives want nsa Azle Texas 76020 the day before and after New Moon.
Really just looking Want Sexy Chat
This is the best night of the month for stargazing since there is no moonlight whatsoever to dull the stars. In practice, the few days before and after a New Moon are Really just looking great for stargazing, but it's the very next sunset after a New Moon that gets moon-gazers excited.
In the last and first few days of a Moon it's possible to see 'Earthshine'. The sight of sunlight being reflected by the Earth onto the Moon is something extraordinary to see.
Earthshine is actually always there, but by First Quarter Moon your eyes become overwhelmed by the glare elsewhere. Earthshine can be seen a few days after a New Moon when the Crescent Moon is slim, so either in the east before sunrise and moonset, or in the west just before sunset and moonrise. It looks incredible naked-eye, Really just looking even better through 10x50 or 10x42 binoculars.
If you want to look at the Moon's features, the week after New Moon is best. Do you want to really explore the Moon? It's easy if you know when Really just looking do it.
Really just looking
As the Moon moves higher into the sky, more of it is lit by the Sun in the early evening. This is 'Moon Week' Really just looking many, when the terminator the line that divides the lit and dark halves of the Really just looking gradually moves lookinv the lunar surface.
For those with binoculars or a small telescope, features including the Southern Highlands, and prominent craters such as Plinius, Hercules and Theophilus, are temporarily under the terminator line, and thrown into relief by shadows.Nasty Girls From Brownville Nebraska
Exactly the same applies to a Waning Gibbous Crescent Moon, but since Really just looking rises later and Rrally after Full Moon, few of us are in a position to stay up at night to observe it. Really just looking Full Moon when it's high in the sky is not since it's way to bright to look at.Single Housewives Want Porno Orlando
Whatever it's called by the internet, the only time it's worth catching a Full Moon is as it rises and sets. By definition, that means a Full Moon rises at dusk.
That makes it a pretty special sight. It's also special because as it rises it's a pale Adult dating Castroville color, so Real,y to look at. A glorious sight!
30 Products That Just Look Really, Really Cool
But not looknig long. When that 15 minutes is up, the Full Moon is high in the sky and has turned white and bright.
If you have the stamina, come back at dawn and look to the west for a similar spectacle in reverse. Different stages of the eclipse including the blood super moon.Woman Seeking Sex Clay Springs
Missed the beautifully-named Super Blood Wolf Moon? Tough luck because the next event, which is Really just looking accurately called a total lunar eclipse, won't happen in North America until So it turns an orange-pink-red color.
No way. The Moon is at incredible sight if you know when to look at it.
Really Are you more Moon-smart now? I hope so. So if you must get obsessed about Full Moons, get outside at dusk and watch it appear on the eastern horizon.
Or put on some Really just looking. March 20, The trouble is, this is when most people will come out and view the Super Snow Moon, or whatever it hapens to be called in any Rea,ly month, and most probably be dissapointed. I'm an experienced science, technology and travel journalist interested in space exploration, moon-gazing, Really just looking the night sky, solar and lunar eclipses, astro-trave Share to facebook Share to twitter Share to linkedin.Wives Want Nsa Oak Park
Jamie Carter. Jamie Carter Contributor. Read More.


Understanding How ALMA Operates by Simulating a BlackbodyPublic
Downloadable Contentopen in viewer
This research project aimed to become familiar with how blackbody radiation is studied in space. We sought to model a more small-scale experiment with similar instruments to the ALMA telescope, a facility used to explore different parts of the universe. Our experiment included a heterodyne receiver, amplifier, detector, optical chopper, an analog lock-in and a blackbody source. In this way, our team gained hands-on experience by collecting data to relate changes in temperature related to detecting blackbody radiation. In understanding part of the internal workings of the ALMA satellite, we can better understand how blackbody radiation from supergiant stars is studied and used to predict information from thermal sources that are lightyears away, such as the temperature of stars, what chemicals make up a star, and the lifespan of a star.
- This report represents the work of one or more WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its website without editorial or peer review.
- Date created
- Resource type
- Rights statement
- In Collection:
Permanent link to this page: https://digital.wpi.edu/show/x346d744z


Space Technology for Environmental Preservation: Alya Space and Origens Brasil Driving Sustainable Initiatives in the Amazon
Alya Space’s Vice-President, Paul Sepaniak, recently visited ORIGENS BRASIL and IMAFLORA, engaging with sustainability leaders. Discussions focused on environmental preservation in Brazil, with initiatives like supplying satellite images to Imaflora. Alya Space is committed to democratizing satellite use for smaller organizations.
Aila Raquel and Hong Kong Aerospace VP visited CIMATEC Salvador, exploring advanced facilities and discussing plans for Alya’s satellite command center at Salvador air base, along with a ground station at Cimatec Park in Camaçari for controlling their initial 108-satellite constellation.
Brazilian Space Agency Welcomes Alya Space and Hong Kong Aerospace, Aligning Efforts for Mutual Support in Space Activities
Aila Raquel, CEO of Alya Space, accompanied by HKATG’s VP Mr. Chai and consultant Olany, visited the Brazilian Space Agency in Brasília. They met with key figures, including Dr. Marco Antonio Chamon, the President of the Brazilian Space Agency. The meeting focused on presenting Alya Space’s projects in Brazil, emphasizing the deployment of a satellite constellation, control center, ground stations, and educational areas.
The visit highlighted Brazil’s significant expertise in space activities, with a fully operational satellite in orbit for over 30 years managed by INPE. The tour included the satellite control center, where the team appreciated the dedication of the staff. Dr. Osamu’s background in satellite integration at ITA showcased Brazil’s longstanding proficiency.
SJC Technology Park and Brazilian Aerospace Cluster – Where the Ecosystem of the Space Sector Has Established Itself and Taken Root
São José dos Campos is a city that breathes aerospace; it hosts numerous facilities for the space sector, such as the SJC Technology Park, housing some sectors of the Brazilian Space Agency and the Aerospace Cluster of Brazil.
Alya Space visits Sorocaba Technology Park for antenna placement. The warm welcome from Park President Nelson Cancellara and an insightful tour with Innovation Manager Andre further solidify support for this collaborative mission, with potential impact across Brazil’s space sector.
São Paulo, Brazil – Development, Technology, Innovation, and Contemporary Environments of Great Interactions in the Space Sector
CEO Aila Raquel initiated a series of visits in São Paulo, beginning with Cubo Itaú, an innovative ecosystem in Vila Olímpia. The building features innovation-themed floors that seamlessly interact.
By supporting and collaborating with projects like these, Alya aims to get closer and participate in the resolution of problems in our daily lives, with the intention of empowering individuals and creating improved economic and social living conditions together.
Alya Nanosatellites attended the World Geospatial Industry Council 2023, meeting prominent geospatial sector leaders.
Hong Kong Aerospace Technology Group and Alya Nanosatellites Join Forces for Alya-1, a 108-Satellite Network
“The Board is pleased to announce that, on 16 October 2023, the Company entered into the Alya-1 System Contract with Alya…”


#NASASocial with Astronaut Joe Acaba
|December 10, 2012||Filled under NASA, Tweetup, Uncategorized|
*Let me first start off with thanking NASA, NASA Social, and Astronaut Joe Acaba.
The morning started bright, err not bright, and early with a 6 am spin class. I did not enjoy this spin class and left early to hit up the row machine before getting ready. I was ready and headed back to drop my car at the metro. I had downloaded the newest Thrilling Adventure Hour (TAH) podcast and was prepared for entertaining myself on the way into DC. I arrived at Federal Center and waited for Katy to arrive. Katy has a lot longer commute than me. Poor girl! She needs to move closer!
We grabbed coffee and I got breakfast before heading over to NASA HQ. Last time I was at NASA HQ was last October when I met Astronaut Sandy Magnus and Astronaut Chris Ferguson when they both came to NASA HQ for a NASA Tweetup. Such a fun time! The company was also a lot of fun! The difference between this time and last time was there was also an Air and Space event that morning with all the STS-135 astronauts and then the NASA event that afternoon. This time around, it was just the event this morning. I lucked out both times because I am local to the area, but people come from all over just for a couple of hours. It is a crazy dedicated Space Tweep world.
Anyway, I digress. Katy and I grabbed coffee at the local Starbucks and headed to NASA HQ.
We picked up our badges, NASA swag bags, and then headed into the auditorium to get our seats. We chatted with some other space tweeps while we waited. They made an announcement that if your astronaut picture was not signed that you could come get a signed one. Mine was not signed so I headed down to get another and I saw Astronaut Joe Acaba! It was very tempting not to ask for a picture right there!
It was very cool to meet him! It was even better knowing that I was at Space Camp working while he was in space! We quickly made our way back to our seats because it was time for things to start rolling. We were also on NASA TV so there was more of a time frame for this. The first portion was Astro Joe showing a video and talking about his time in space. The second portion was dedicated to taking questions from the audience and then the Spanish speaking audience. (Astro Joe has a Puerto Rican background.)
Before we knew it, the Social was over. We snapped a few more pics. . .
And then Katy and I headed out to find lunch. We were both more than ready to eat! We stopped at a little cafe type place right next door to NASA HQ. Apparently, this is where everyone went to eat during lunch time. No complaints though, because the food hit the spot. After lunch, we still had a little time to kill before Katy had to head back so we walked over to the National Air and Space Museum and then walked around the National Mall. The weather was amazingly warm for this time of year.
Before long, it was time to say our goodbyes and we both headed our separate days. Overall, it was a fun day! It was great catching up with Katy and getting away from working retail during the holiday season.


https://superhomeworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/logo-300x75.png 0 0 Normax https://superhomeworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/logo-300x75.png Normax2022-04-28 10:47:242022-04-28 10:47:24Short paper
***In your own words no reference***Need within 12hrs***1) Write a paper (at least 8 paragraphs including the introduction and conclusion paragraphs) that describes your plan for colonizing the moon.A. The energy and resources required to colonize the moonB. The energy produces by the colonization of the moon.C. A time line for colonizing the moon and the resulting benefitsD. The jobs required/produced as a result of colonizing.


“The sun has one kind of glory, while the moon and stars each have another kind. And even the stars differ from each other in their glory.”
1 Corinthians 15:41
I’m seeing stars.
Do you see them, too?
These lovely sedums are blooming their hearts out right now. I have six different kinds, and each has a flower head made up of tiny florets of various shades of pink to red.
And each individual floret is a star.
It’s like a mini Milky Way, right there in the garden.
It’s hard to choose a favourite. There’s the pale pink – delicate and fairy like. The dark pink, a bolder statement. The burgundy, strutting her stuff with confident swagger. Then there’s the red – an unusual shade for this time of year, it’s a real show stopper.
But each one has a beauty all of its own.
So it’s not hard to nod in agreement with the apostle Paul as he waxes poetic, ruminating on the amazing majesty of the night sky. He’s seeing stars – pondering how each has its own different kind of glory.
We’d all agree. The super Nova, the dwarf, the near, the far – each star reflects a different light in a different way, uniquely lighting up the night sky with a myriad of twinkling lights that have marked the days and guided the traveller for millennia.
In theory, we’d even agree that humans shine in unique ways, too. It’s easy to see the talents and skill set of those around us.
It’s a little harder to see it in ourselves.
But friend – you shine, too.
There is beauty and sparkle all around us, a dazzling array of gifts and personalities and knowledge and experience. It’s time we stopped seeing the gifts of others as competition, and started seeing the beauty.
Seeing stars is a mindset. A choice. A determination to notice and be blessed by the positive traits in those around us. Just as the Milky Way is a gorgeous composite of widely diverse celestial forms, our earth is populated by a stunning variety of humanity – shapes, colours, sizes, all cloaked in skin, all holding to dreams and hopes and experiencing joy and delight and pain and common suffering.
What if we left home each day with a determination to see stars?
To count and treasure the blessings, the contributions, the skills, the dignity of each fellow human we came into contact with.
I would think our whole world would bud and bloom with the glory.
Begin to see others as stars with me?
Father, how richly diverse Your Universe is, populated as it is with such a variety of stars. How richly diverse is Your animal kingdom! And how richly diverse is Your precious community of global humanity. Bless us with the ability to see and enjoy the talents and gifts of others. Amen.
2 thoughts on “Seeing Stars”
Why r u up so early?! I am working nights do that is my excuse for being up even when it’s dark out! So hard to get up this early when the sun isn’t coming as early either. Have a great day 😊
From Spalding, longing to be in La Ronge😊
Ha! I post in the evening and set it to post early to accommodate my European readers.
Also longing to be in La Ronge. ☺


The universe is infinite. Correct? Therefore, it cannot get bigger. That is, the universe already occupies all space since it is infinite in size.
But people say it is expanding.
So, if it is expanding, it needs space to expand into. It needs room to expand into just as raisin bread dough in a bowl rises — expands, that is.
Some people say the universe is growing and the galaxies are getting further apart.
But the universe has to have room to grow. Therefore, there has to be something else out there that our universe’s growth will displace as it expands.
Besides being interesting, is this correct? Logically how can it be correct?


On December 1, 2020 the Telescope collapsed....
The observatory's main instrument was the Arecibo Telescope, a 305 m (1,000 ft) spherical reflector dish built into a natural sinkhole, with a cable-mount steerable receiver and several radar transmitters for emitting signals mounted 150 m (492 ft) above the dish. Completed in 1963, it was the world's largest single-aperture telescope for 53 years, surpassed in July 2016 by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) in China. Following two cable breaks supporting the receiver platform in the prior months, the NSF stated on November 19, 2020 that it was decommissioning the telescope due to safety concerns. On December 1, 2020 the main telescope collapsed before controlled demolition could be conducted.
Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright act 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing.