Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has conducted the recruitment process for Scientist/Engineer SD and Scientist/Engineer SC posts in Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC). As the aspirants eagerly wait for ISRO VSSC Result 2023This blog post will provide the latest updates ISRO VSSC Result 2023, result will be released September 2023 after the conduct of the examination on which the plan is 30 July and 06 August 2023, To stay updated on the latest developments, candidates can visit the official website of ISRO https://www.vssc.gov.in/,
ISRO VSSC Result 2023
ISRO VSSC Result 2023 One of the most awaited results for the aspiring scientists and engineers. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) had earlier this year announced 61 vacancies for the prestigious Scientist/Engineer SD and Scientist/Engineer SC in VSSC and 63 vacancies for Technical Assistant, Scientific Assistant and Library Assistant posts. Candidates who successfully apply for these posts will have to go through the selection process. A written test and an interview will be conducted. The anticipation is high as everyone is waiting for the final results.
The selection process will start with written test on 30 July and 06 August 2023. The exam will be structured in the form of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) test, in which the technical knowledge and analytical abilities of the candidates will be assessed. Those who qualify the written test proceed to the next stage, which consists of a panel interview. The result of the exam is expected in September 2023 and after interview the final ISRO VSSC Result 2023 will be released in October 2023. In the interview, the shortlisted candidates were assessed on various aspects including their subject matter expertise, problem-solving skills. communicative competence.
ISRO VSSC Result 2023 Overview
|result date||Exam Result – September 2023 and Final Result October 2023 (Expected)|
|vacant position||61 + 63|
|Post||Scientist/Engineer SD & Scientist/Engineer SC
Technical Assistant, Scientific Assistant & Library Assistant
|pay scale||Level 11 and Level 10 of the Pay Matrix|
|eligibility||Bachelor’s degree in relevant subject from a recognized University with GATE score in relevant subject|
|Written exam||06 August 2023|
|Interview||September 2023 (Panel Interview)|
|result link||check here (available soon)|
How to check ISRO VSSC Result 2023?
- Visit the official website of ISRO VSSC: https://www.vssc.gov.in/
- Click on the “Careers” tab.
- Click on “ISRO VSSC Recruitment 2023” link.
- Scroll down to the “Result” section.
- Click on the link “ISRO VSSC Result 2023”.
- Enter your registration number and date of birth.
- Click on “Submit” button.
- Your result will be displayed on the screen.
- If you are selected then you will be able to download your result card.
- Keep a copy of your result card with you for future reference.
ISRO VSSC Result 2023: Important Dates
- Application Deadline: July 21, 2023
- Written Examination: July 30 and August 6, 2023
- Interview: September 2023
- Expected Result Declaration: October 2023
ISRO VSSC Scientist Result 2023 Download Link
ISRO VSSC Result 2023 download link will be available on the official website of ISRO VSSC. The link will be activated as soon as the result is declared. You need to enter your registration number and date of birth to download your result. The result will be available in pdf format. You can download your result card and keep a copy for future reference.
ISRO VSSC Result 2023 download link usually gets activated within a few days after the declaration of the result. However, it is always advisable to keep checking the official website regularly for the latest updates.
ISRO VSSC Scientist Job Salary
Candidates who secure a place in ISRO VSSC will be offered an attractive salary under Level 11 and Level 10 of the pay matrix, depending on the post they are selected for. These positions provide an excellent opportunity to work on cutting edge space research projects and contribute to India’s space exploration efforts. The Final ISRO VSSC Result 2023 expected to be declared in October 2023. Candidates anxiously wait for the official announcement on ISRO website where the result and further instructions for the selected candidates will be published.
isro vssc exam 2023
ISRO VSSC Exam 2023 consisted of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) test. Candidates who met the eligibility criteria and had a valid GATE score in the respective discipline were eligible to appear for the exam.
ISRO VSSC Scientist Exam Selection Process 2023
The selection process for ISRO VSSC Scientist Exam 2023 consisted of a two-stage process:
- Written examCandidates had to appear in MCQ test, in which their technical knowledge and aptitude was assessed.
- InterviewShortlisted candidates from the written test are called for a panel interview where their skills, experience and suitability for the respective posts are assessed.
ISRO VSSC Result 2023 Will prove to be a game changer for the selected candidates. Interested candidates want to secure a position in any one of the premier space research centers in India. Candidates must stay tuned to the official website of ISRO for latest updates and notification on result declaration. We wish all the applicants the very best for their results and future endeavors in the field of space research and exploration.


Yes, here I am recommending a documentary again!
The beautiful 2010 film Nostalgia for the Light is a profound meditation on the past and memory.
The Atacama desert in Chile is entirely without moisture, like the surface of Mars. Hence its use as the location for sophisticated optical and radio telescopes. From here, astronomers peer into the origins of the universe and the calcium signals from distant stars. Meanwhile, roaming the desert, women who lost loved ones in the Pinochet regime scour the earth for signs of burial of human remains, with occasional success, and the calcium from their bones provides some evidence of who they were.
The documentary explores the refusal of these women to forget the thousands of « disappeared » and draws fascinating parallels with the work of the astronomers and archaeologists who also peer into the past in this desolate place. The film explores what the past is – according to one astronomer, and rightly, everything that we observe reaches us from the past, even milliseconds away (we literally live in the past) – and creates a sense of cosmic continuity that transcends the evils of particular societies and their attempts to hide the atrocities that they have committed. In other words, this documentary goes way beyond being a critique of the Pinochet regime and invests life – and loss of life – with meaning in extraordinary ways. It is also a supreme recommendation of the pursuit of astronomy as a means of putting our sublunary concerns into total perspective.
If ever a documentary can be at once aesthetically, intellectually, philosophically and politically stunning, this is it.
Astronomy was my childhood passion and I held a lengthy correspondence with dear old Patrick Moore when I was eleven years old, who answered all my questions on his old typewriter with sticky keys, and invited me down to his personal observatory at Lizard Point in Cornwall – a meeting that sadly never happened because at the last moment he was called away by the BBC to meet the Apollo 8 astronauts at Cape Canaveral.
In May 2015 I shall be attending a four-day astronomical extravaganza at my local rural observatory, of which more anon.


1 day ago · Tip 7: Make Your Star Trails Long Enough. When a meteoroid gets close to the Earth and enters the Earth's atmosphere, it's called a meteor.
Oct 19, 2022 · Well, asteroids are rocky, comets are icy, and meteors are much smaller and are the shooting stars that you see up in the sky.
So it burns up and produces a streak of light called a shooting star.
. Most of them are a steady starlike light that moves steadily across the sky. .
Learn the shooting star definition, along with the meaning of meteor, meteoroid, and meteorite.
Together with ALE-2, the two satellites will be able to produce shooting stars in 5 colours, as part of its Sky Canvas Project; the company’s goal is to develop next-generation entertainment for the general public, while at the same time. Copy. See how shooting stars are formed.
We hope the given NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System with Answers Pdf free download will.
These astrophysical phenomena are not actually stars, but meteoroids consisting of small rocks and dust that.
I have seen several of these on a single night over about 2 hours, usually in the North but also E, W and S at about a 35-40 degree angle here in the UK. There is some speculation that "Shooting Star" may have been an early name for the toy that became Cosmos , as there is some similarity in role/character, and a couple of other Season 2 characters.
When Starlink was first launched in May 2019, astronomers were surprised by how bright the. .
Tip 7: Make Your Star Trails Long Enough.
Within a few minutes, you’ll spot a “star” that treks smoothly.
. Spotting Method One – Grab A Seat & Enjoy! About 45 minutes after sunset, grab a lounge chair, stare up at the sky, and watch the stars. The map also shows the phases of the.
Most of them are a steady starlike light that moves steadily across the sky. . The satellites will then release pea-sized particles which, as they fall back to Earth, will burn up in our planet’s atmosphere and emit light. Don’t be impatient, keep shooting at least one hour, preferably longer. .
Spotting Method One – Grab A Seat & Enjoy! About 45 minutes after sunset, grab a lounge chair, stare up at the sky, and watch the stars.
. Don’t be impatient, keep shooting at least one hour, preferably longer.


Ajith Everester, an expatriate from Tamilnadu, India, has been living in Qatar since 2005. In 2011, he started developing his photography skills; starting with wildlife photography. He grew interested in astrophotography after his daughter asked for a telescope to see the planets. Observing the stars and other celestial objects, he was fascinated and started taking photos of them. He is now a dedicated astrophotographer and has turned the roof of his house into a personal observatory.
Things To Do


The most horrifying form of torture/punishment in the known Universe, The Total Perspective Vortex (it's so mind bogglingly terrifying it even gets Capital Letters) is a small, featureless steel box, barely big enough for one man to stand in.There are probably more than 100 billion (1011) galaxies in the observable universe. Each galaxy has on average between 100 billion and one trillion stars.
The hopeless victims stand in the Vortex, and are suddenly shown, for the merest instant, the whole of the Universe: the whole infinity of creation, spanning over several trillion light years, and countless millennia, with an insignificant dot saying "You Are Here".
The victims, totally demoralised by their experience, fall dead from the vortex, wherupon they become the burden of the Vortex' custodian, Pizpot Gargravarr.
To date, Zaphod Beeeblebrox (former President of the Galaxy, and "The best bang since the Big one") is the only man to have survived the vortex, solely because he is a hoopy frood and the Vortex told him as much.
from Urban dictionary and ultimately the blessed Douglas Adams
Put another way, if we were to represent galaxies as frozen peas (in other words I'm asking you to imagine a frozen pea containing between 100 billion and a trillion stars) then the known universe contains enough peas to fill the Albert Hall.
Such numbers are almost impossible for us to comprehend. And for most of human history, of course, we haven't had to. The great mysteries of the cosmos have been just that - mysteries. Man has made up wonderful stories to put a human scale to the incomprehensible: whether it be a the world carried on the shell of a giant turtle or on the back of Atlas or the stars seen as lamps in a series of "heavens".
But now that we are beginning to fathom the truly mind-numbing immensity of the universe we are left with some awkward questions.
Such as why did God create at the very least 6 sextillion planets? Couldn't that be seen as just the tiniest bit wasteful? Why would God need so many galaxies containing so many solar systems containing so many planets if all he needed to create life was to say "BE!"?
We are told that the creation of life is an incredibly unlikely event....so unlikely that only God could be responsible. And yet what is now finally being revealed to us is a universe that has been mixing chemicals on sextillions of planets for billions of years. THIS IS EXACTLY WHAT WE WOULD EXPECT TO SEE IF LIFE HAD TO EMERGE BY CHANCE BECAUSE THERE IS NO GOD.
For why would God need so many failed experiments?
Where in the Bible or the Qur'an is there the slightest hint that God needed so much time and so much space to finally crack this creation business?
Last word to DA:
Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind- bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space. Hitchhikers' Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams


April 11, 2024
This message is from MPA’s Office of Admission from the April 11, 2024 issue of InsideMPA. Click here to get in touch with Admission and learn more!
Earlier this week, we celebrated the solar eclipse with a day of cross-divisional activities, STEM education, and a community-wide viewing. Upper School students transformed the Family Commons into a space laboratory and spent the morning leading Lower School students through experiential activities that explained the science behind the eclipse and why it was such a phenomenon. Students rotated from station to station where they were taught the physics of the eclipse, experimented with black lights and photons, demonstrated the movements of planets, and practiced safe viewing with their eclipse glasses. They were over the moon, pun intended, to learn from their older peers who engaged with them in a way that defines our PreK-12 school.
The sense of community here not only creates a safe, inclusive environment for our students and their families–it extends to supporting lifelong learners on their journey of a joyful education. The laughter echoing through the Family Commons was heard throughout the school, and the look of pure awe on our littlest Panthers’ faces was not just for the phenomenon in the sky; they were looking up at the leaders of the student body, and at their own future at MPA. One day, perhaps for the next eclipse years from now, they will be the Upper School students leading the way and providing new Lower Schoolers with these memorable moments at school.
Even though we couldn’t see the eclipse through cloudy skies, what we did see was a PreK-12 community, gathered in joyful excitement to learn and be together.


Slate's blog Bad Astronomy reports that the Kepler spacecraft has detected at least five planets orbiting the cool orange star Kepler-62, with two Earth-sized and orbiting its habitable zone.
Assuming they’re made up of the same materials as Earth (metal and rock) and therefore have about the same density, you’d weigh 60 percent more on Kepler-62e, and 40 percent more on Kepler-62f. I’ll note that all things considered, neither would be paradise: Kepler-62e gets about 20 percent more sunlight than we do on Earth, and Kepler-62f gets about half; a bit hot and cold for my taste. But again, we don’t know the conditions on these planets. Give Kepler-62e a thin atmosphere, and Kepler-62f a thick one, and they might look a lot like Earth.
Derek Austin Johnson has lived most of his life in the Lone Star State. His work has appeared in The Horror Zine, Rayguns Over Texas!, Horror U.S.A.: Texas, Campfire Macabre, The Dread Machine, and Generation X-ed.
He lives in Central Texas.


3 edition of Type II solar radio bursts recorded at Weissenau 1966-1987 found in the catalog.
Type II solar radio bursts recorded at Weissenau 1966-1987
by World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, Colo
Written in English
|Statement||by H.W. Urbarz.|
|Series||Report UAG -- 98., Report UAG -- 98.|
|Contributions||World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||iii, 82 p.|
|Number of Pages||82|
Solar radio data available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information and collocated World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Solar radio burst listings present. Solar radio daily noon flux at MHz (cm) Ottawa/Penticton present, Crackow and USAF/RSTN sites, as well as IAU QBSA daily noon fluxes present. III solar radio bursts 2.S/Waves HFR calibration ations ion pattern Energy y SWG - Meudon, France, 20 – 22 April 1/R (kHz)9(cm-3) "! = p p e F F N Type III Solar Radio Burst F p F p F p Radio emission at Fp (Fundamental) And/or 2Fp (Harmonic).
cigure 2 shows the solar radio burst type II on 23rd October Figure 2. Solar radio burst type If on 23rd lctober The type IIf solar radio bursts, which are generated when high-energy electrons are ejected from the Sun, are characterized by a rapid drift . Home» ANU Research» ANU Theses» Open Access Theses» Type III solar radio bursts and Langmuir waves in the solar wind Type III solar radio bursts and Langmuir waves in the solar wind. Download ( MB) link to publisher version. Statistics; Show full item record Items in Open Research are protected by copyright, with all rights.
One of the main reasons to study more about the dynamics of solar radio bursts is because solar these bursts can interfere with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and communications systems. More importantly, these bursts are a key to understand the space weather condition. Recent work on the interpretation of the low frequency region of a main solar burst is discussed. Type II bursts are widely accepted to be radio emission produced at the electron plasma frequency and/or twice that frequency upstream from shock waves (usually driven by coronal mass ejections [CMEs]) moving through the corona and solar wind: electrons reflected at the shock develop beam distribution functions, the electron beams drive.
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Type II solar radio bursts recorded at Weissenau (OCoLC) Material Type: Document, Government publication, National government publication, Internet resource: Document Type: Internet Resource, Computer File: All Authors / Contributors: Hans W Urbarz; World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics.; National Geophysical Data.
Get this from a library. Type II solar radio bursts recorded at Weissenau [H W Urbarz; World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics.]. The type 2 solar radio bursts are an improved list of the Weissenau Observatory Bulletin data. The list was obtained by carefully reinspecting the film records.
A list of solar cycle 20 type 2 bursts was by Krivsky and Lukac (). A list containing the events of solar cycle 21 was published by Robinson et.
The shock velocities were derived from the Author: H. Urbarz. We studied the properties of fine structures in 23 type II bursts recorded at the Trieste Astronomical Observatory at frequencies above MHz. ,Atlas of Fine Structures of Dynamic Spectra of Solar Type IV-dm and Some Type II Radio Bursts, Publ.
of the Netherlands ,Type II Solar Radio Bursts Recorded at Weissenau – Cited by: TYPE II SOLAR RADIO BURSTS Coronal type II solar radio bursts often appear as two bands with a frequency ratio in the range MHz that drift slowly downwards in frequency at a rate consistent with an MHD shock moving through the solar corona and driving radiation near f p and 2f p (WildNelson & Melrose ).
Similar, slow-drift emissions have been observed in the solar. Solar Radio Bursts and Space Weather Stephen M. White Dept. of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA speciﬁcally, the books by Kundu () andMcLeanandLabrum() forobservational reviews, Zheleznyakov (), Melrose () and Type III bursts Type III bursts are brief radio bursts that drift very rapidly in.
Urbarz, H.: Type II solar radio bursts recorded at Weissenau – report UAG98 (National Geophsical Data Center) () Boulder Google Scholar Wagner, W. J.: SERF studies of mass motions arising in flares. General characteristics of Type II radio bursts: A Type II radio burst is characterized by relatively slow frequency drift in both the fundamental and harmonic frequencies.
Drift rates up to 1 MHz s–1 have been reported but rates on the order of to kHz s–1 are much more common. Type II radio bursts typically last from 3 to Type 2 solar radio bursts recorded at Weissenau, February H.
Urbarz; The type 2 solar radio bursts are an improved list of the Weissenau. The high-resolution radio-frequency spectrograph of Yunnan Observatory detected an oscillation with changing periods on the order of 10 ms, with a bandwidth of about 10 MHz, superposed on a radio emission which lasted some ms.
Corresponding burst can be found in the solar radio records of Weissenau, Germany. 1. Introduction  The drifting bands of coronal and interplanetary type II radio bursts have been identified as emissions from the foreshock region of coronal or interplanetary shocks at the local plasma frequency f p (F) and its harmonic 2f p (H) [Wild, a, b; Wild et al., ; Cane et al., ; Cane, ; Nelson and Melrose, ; Reiner et al.
Solar type III radio bursts are an important diagnostic tool in the understanding of solar accelerated electron beams. They are a signature of propagating beams of nonthermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and the solar system.
Consequently, they provide information on electron acceleration and transport, and the conditions of the background ambient plasma. Calibration is performed to derive the relationship between the flux density (W m −2 Hz −1, or Solar Flux Unit, 1SFU = 10 −22 W m −2 Hz −1) that arrives from the solar radio burst at the antenna site, and all possible data values () for channels, from 20 to MHz with 1 MHz bandwidth.
It consists of two steps, step one for. Type II bursts linked to flares within 30° of the solar limb are well associated (64%; 49/76) with fast (> km s^−1) coronal mass ejections (CMEs); for Type II flares within 15° of the limb.
Abstract. Properties of radio bursts emitted by the Sun at frequencies below tens of MHz are reviewed. In this frequency range, the most prominent radio emissions are those of solar type II, complex type III and solar type IV radio bursts, excited probably by the energetic electron populations accelerated in completely different environments: (1) type II bursts are due to non.
Type II solar radio bursts recorded at Weissenau Personal Author: Series: Report UAG ; 98 Description: "These Type II solar radio bursts are an improved list of the Weissenau Observatory Bulletin data. Preliminary data were also publisher in Solar-Geophysical Data (SGD) Part I "Solar Radio Emission Spectral Observations.".
We have examined radio data from the WAVES experiment on the Wind spacecraft in conjunction with ground-based data in order to investigate the relationship between the shocks responsible for metric type II radio bursts and the shocks in front of coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
The bow shocks of fast, large CMEs are strong interplanetary (IP) shocks, and the associated radio. SOLAR radio emission on Augwas unusual because of the large number of, and predominance of, type III-RS bursts (‘reverse slope’, positive frequency-drift type III bursts.
discuss the polarization of the radio burst and the time delay of its harmonic components. Our conclusions are given in Section 4. OBSERVATIONS Radio Dynamic Spectrum The solar radio burst of interest was recorded by several radio spectrometers.
Figures 1(a)–(b) show the radio dynamic spectra during the period UT to  Type II solar radio bursts have been observed for over half a century [Wild, a, b; Wild et al., ; Cane et al., ]. They contain one or more bands of emission drifting down slowly in frequency.
Often a pair of bands is observed, differing. A clear example of a multiple type II event observed by the Culgoora radio spectrograph is shown in Figure 1.
As seen in this ﬁgure, there were two type II bursts reported (during – and – UT) within a short interval of 2 min in the frequency range of –30 MHz. Each type II burst has fundamental and harmonic signatures. Type V solar burst 1 minute 24 seconds 2 Mb size Septem UT Strongest Type V burst I have recorded in ten years.
2 min 40 sec. September 7, X18 Type II Shockfront (4th largest solar flare in recorded history) 3 minutes September 9, X Type II Radio Sweep Excerpt 1 min 49 sec Aug Coronal Mass Ejection.This event of s solar radio burst occurred in sequence.
The first solar burst recorded is type IV, which is starts at UT until UT. The second solar burst is the complex solar radio burst type III (inside the circle) that occurred at UT until UT. Then it.


Despite 5G being barely available to anyone across the planet, it appears that China is already tinkering with the next generation of networking technology 6G. China has sent the world’s first 6G experimental satellite into space aboard the Long March 6 rocket that took off last week.
The Long March 6 rocket was launched on November 6 and the experimental 6G satellite onboard entered its orbit the same day. The launch took place at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern Shanxi province and was conducted by China’s University of Electronic Science and Technology.
The satellite is equipped with a terahertz satellite communication payload that was developed by the aforementioned university as well as a number of other top laboratories. The university announced that the satellite will carry out the world’s first experiment with terahertz communication in space.
Professor Xu Yangsheng, academic director of the university’s Satellite Technology Research Institute said that this marks a breakthrough in China’s history of exploring terahertz communication technology in aerospace. He also said that the satellite will be used for intelligent city applications, disaster prevention, land planning, environment protection, 6G experimentation, and more.
China is already the market leader when it comes to 5G technology, and being the first to launch its experimental satellite for 6G, it could easily be the first country to officially introduce the next generation of networking technology in the future.


Star Trek legend William Shatner has become the oldest person ever to go into space at the age of 90.
The trip – on Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin capsule New Shepard – lasted around 11 minutes from take off to landing, with those on board spending a few minutes floating around in microgravity.
The capsule then returned safely, touching down in the west Texas desert to be welcomed back to Earth by Bezos himself.
According to a live stream of the historic event, Shatner and his fellow passengers reached an altitude of roughly 350,000ft and a velocity of about 2,000mph.
The actor was joined by an all-civilian crew of former NASA engineer Chris Boshuizen, clinical research entrepreneur Glen de Vries and Blue Origin vice president and engineer Audrey Powers.
The Captain Kirk star was seen getting emotional as he tried to put into words what he had experienced.
“Everyone in the world needs to do this,” he told a delighted Bezos, finally.
Prior to the launch, Shatner had said he prepared for his flight by eating some apple pie, and added: “I’m going to see the vastness of space and the extraordinary miracle of our Earth and how fragile it is compared to the forces at work in the universe.”
The iconic actor’s trip into space marks the second human spaceflight for Blue Origin’s tourism and research rocket New Shepard.
The rocket successfully launched Bezos himself into space on its inaugural flight in July.
This live event has now finished


Project SunbYte is a student-led project in collaboration with other universities and industry partners: Northumbria University, Queen's University of Belfast, University of Hull, Andor and Alternative Photonics. Our goal is to deliver a low-cost, high resolution method of imaging the sun in the upper atmosphere where atmospheric distortion is minimised. This will hopefully allow us to see the sun's spirals and prominences, thus giving us more insight into the solar flares that threaten our satellite telecommunication and navigation systems. To do this, we are designing and building a two-axis gimbal to be integrated with a solar telescope and actuation system with sun-tracking software. The experiment will be on board the BEXUS balloon as part of the REXUS/BEXUS programme.
On the 30 May we arrived at the Erasmus MML at the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) to give our presentation for the CDR. We began with the presentation which lasted 20 minutes, followed by a 40-minute question and answer session assessing our progress. Another way that SunbYte has prepared me for SELA, is in terms of my management skills. As with most engineering projects, there is a great deal of work to be put in leading up to the final design. A good management plan and effective team dynamic is absolutely integral to success. For instance, when planning schedules and assigning task leads, conducting psychometric tests such as the Belbin test to help gauge the way different people behave in a team, and acting accordingly with the results. The purpose of milestones such as the CDR is to make sure we maintain this, and if not, the REXUS/BEXUS programme is after all, a learning process.
Throughout my time in SunbYte, I have been able to develop those attributes that are valued by SELA. I was first involved with the project through planning and coordinating the project's outreach activities. These were important in terms of gaining funding to support our experiment, as well as fulfilling a tertiary objective of the project -- encouraging more people into space engineering studies. It was easy to see the value in presenting a compelling image of our vision as a team. The day before our review, we met with Delft Aerospace Rocket Engineering (DARE), where I was able to witness this ability to inspire first-hand. DARE is one of Europe's most successful student rocket societies based at the Delft University of Technology. They showed us around the Dreamhall, their manufacturing-oriented workshop, which included letting us see a life-size model of Stratos II+ (famous for setting the European altitude record for a student-built rocket at 21.5km). Coincidentally, Stratos I was launched from Kiruna in Sweden, where our experiment is to be launched in October, assuming all goes well.


You may have heard something of the recent Japanese unmanned spacecraft Hayabusha that was destroyed while in orbit above the Australian outback in order to retrieve its precious contents (the first ever harvested asteroid material).
What you may not have known those responsible for recording the planned detonation of the Hayabusha were a few high schoolers and their science teacher. Turns out the students were out of the loop assuming that what they were working on was just another school assignment and they didn't find out it was actually the real deal until 6 months into the project.
High school science teacher and expert in "optical observations, tracking, and spectroscopy" Ron Dantowitz had actually been tapped by NASA to record "The Hayabusa Re-entry Airborne Observing Campaign" and he figured it was time to introduce a few of his students to the wonderful world of applied sciences.
So the hypothetical science project turned real culminated in the students boarding a NASA DC-8 plane after months of work to record the Hayabusha event.
Here is the amazing footage that a few high school students captured; do your self a favor and watch it. Do it for the explosions but most of all do it for science!
Damn, I remember doing similar space related projects in middle school, like colonizing Mars and such. My astronauts almost always died.
How many brave souls lives were lost to my rushed miscalculations?! I need a drink ...


(17/6/2017) (7/6/2013) Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space tourism could be developed in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development？
Another IELTS writing test in 2013 about Space
Space travel to the moon is considered as “a step of mankind.” But some people think that space travel has made little difference to people’s lives today. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The universe has fascinated many people since time immemorial, and with technological advancements, their wishes of traveling into outer space could be fulfilled in near future. While I accept that this development has certain positive effects, I would argue that it has a largely negative impact on societies.
There are several reasons why space tourism is a positive trend. Firstly, from an individual perspective, space voyages would offer people new experiences and knowledge that they always desire for. For example, travellers would have the chance to see celestial bodies, wear spacesuits, eat vacuum-packed foods and live in weightless conditions like astronauts. Secondly, the growth of space tourism creates countless job opportunities, which could help tackle the problem of intellectual unemployment. Clearly, in order to operate a spacecraft, it requires not only scientists and astronauts but also technicians and engineers.
I am of the opinion, however, that space tourism would cause detrimental consequences. Perhaps the principal reason is that this development would put a huge strain on the government’s budgets as space projects cost a substantial amount of money, ranging from building space shuttles and training pilots, to conducting test flights. It seems to me that spending those funds is neither practical nor ethical as many poor people are suffering from hunger and diseases. The second reason is that it also has the potential for catastrophic disasters, which can cost human lives. All the crews in the Apollo One, as an example, died due to an explosion, and this might happen again to travellers.
In conclusion, I would contend that space tourism is a negative trend, although I acknowledge that it could benefit some people to some extent.
Another positive idea might have put in the essay:
Finally, this step might pave the way to the quest for a new homeland since it increasingly becomes difficult to live on the Earth.
The universe = the cosmos:
Since time immemorial
Space travel = space voyages = == space tourism = travell into outer space
See Celestial bodies: nhìn thấy những thiên thể
Wear spacesuits, to eat vacuum-packed food, to live in weightless conditions: mặc trang phục phi hành gia, ăn thức ăn đóng kín chân không, sống trong điều kiện vô trọng lượng
Intellectual unemployment: thất nghiệp lực lượng chất xám
Cost a substantial amount of money: tốn số tiền lớn
Buidling space shuttles/ spacecraft: xây dựng các
Training astronauts: đào tạo phi hành gia
Conducting test flights: thực hiện các vụ phóng thử
Catastrophic diseases: tai nạn khốc liệt
pave the way to the quest of new homeland: mở đường cho cuộc tìm kiếm vùng đất ở mới
– the chance to discover the mysteries of the universe, understand the cosmos
– Offer new experience, weightless condition
– Learn to endure hardships and discomforts
– Space tourism business, space commercialization, offer jobs: scientists, astronauts, technicians, and other professionals
– Paved the way to/Be the precursor to the quest for a new homeland
– to cost a substantial amount of money, expensive initial set-up costs; training and educating astronauts, building rockets and space shuttles, developing technology for space missions, conducting test flights.
– Pour money into space research/ travel is not practical nor even ethical, only benefits the rich; should better be spent on pressing
– to have the potential for catastrophic disasters (thảm họa khốc liệt) could cost human lives
Eg. The Apollo 1 manned mission, for example, ended when its crew members were killed in a cabin fire as they conducted a launch rehearsal test. The Challenger space shuttle exploded less than two minutes after liftoff, killing all of its seven crew members.
Other vocabularies: space voyages, the conquest of space, spacesuits, helmets, Vacuum-packed food
Some useful links:


How Falcon 9 Became A Game-changer In The Space Arena?
In 2005, SpaceX announced to build Falcon 9, which will be the world’s first orbital class reusable rocket.
On 4 June 2010, Falcon 9 first test flight was launched, the spacecraft is 48.1 meters tall, weighing over 550 tons.
Falcon 9 is the only private spacecraft rocket, which is approved to carry humans to the International Space Station.
The ever-popular fictitious Star Wars series' Millennium Falcon gave inspiration for the name of the Falcon series.
Falcon 9 uses 9 Merlin 1D engines that put together generates more than 1.7 million pounds of thrust at the time of launch.
SpaceX now handles about two-thirds of NASA's launches, each launch costs $62 mil with its Falcon 9 reusable rockets.
Thanks for reading!
Next: How China Is Trying To Be The Superpower In The World?


By Staff Writer - May 16, 2022
On April 8, the first all-private astronaut mission lifted off toward the International Space Station. Aboard the Axiom Space Ax-1 Mission was also an experiment by Moffitt Cancer Center researchers Drs. Derek Duckett and Patsy McDonald.
After a successful splashdown on April 25, the experiment is now back in the hands of Moffitt researchers.
“This is the first step for understanding the next frontier of cancer research,” said Dr. Liz Bailey, a research scientist at Moffitt. “Understanding how space travel will affect our bodies and how we can protect ourselves in the future.”
The next step in the process is analyzing the data collected through the experiment, and the ultimate goal would be to eventually develop a drug that could prevent DNA damage caused by space travel.
The experiment was made possible through grant funding from Space Florida.
Read more about the experiment and check out the video below to see how researchers will use the results to inform future therapeutics.


DAO Talks #9 - MoonDAO (Raising funds to go to the moon by 2030)
Virtual Social Event
Tuesday, October 4, 2022 7:00 PM GMT
2 Matches, 5 Minutes Each
21 RSVPs · Unlimited Tickets
DAO Talks is a bi-weekly series, where we interview DAO leaders to share their recent community struggles, wins and growth tips.
MoonDAO’s goal is to go to the moon by 2030 and create a self-sustaining colony in space. They’re working to support funding and space research to become a governing body for the moon and other celestial bodies. Learn about this innovative mission with the co-founder Pablo Moncada-Larroitz!
👉After the interview, we host 1:1 breakout rooms where each attendee gets paired with another attendee for a serendipitous discussion.
🙋♀ At Upstream we're focused on building a community of helpful resource hub for anyone curious about the DAO space. Have additional questions about launching your DAO on Upstream? Send us an email at [email protected]


116 mins | 1984-12-06
Thriller Science Fiction
While planet Earth poises on the brink of nuclear self-destruction, a team of Russian and American scientists aboard the Leonov hurtles to a rendezvous with the still-orbiting Discovery spacecraft and it's sole known survivor, the homicidal computer HAL.
"In the very near future a small group of Americans and Russians set out on the greatest adventure of them all …. To see if there is life beyond the stars."


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Don't Know Much About the Solar System (Paperback)
Not currently in the store – Usually ships in 1-5 days
-- More than seventy moons --
And hundreds of stellar facts about the
True or False:
1. Venus is the coolest planet in our solar system.
2. Halley's comet returns every seventy-six years.
3. The universe is 15 to 20 billion years old.
Blast Off and discover the secrets of outer space! Have you ever wondered why our galaxy is called "the Milky Way," or if you could really catch a shooting star? Here's your chance to find out without ever leaving Earth. Best-selling author Kenneth C. Davis packs fascinating facts and riddles into his signature question-and-answer format. He makes exploring the solar system an out-of-this-world experience!
About the Author
Kenneth C. Davis is the New York Times bestselling author of A Nation Rising; America's Hidden History; and Don't Know Much About® History, which spent thirty-five consecutive weeks on the New York Times bestseller list, sold more than 1.6 million copies, and gave rise to his phenomenal Don't Know Much About® series for adults and children. A resident of New York City and Dorset, Vermont, Davis frequently appears on national television and radio and has been a commentator on NPR's All Things Considered. He blogs regularly at www.dontknowmuch.com.


Don Pettit shoots his photos at 18,000 miles per hour, 240 miles from the ground. As the lead photographer on the International Space Station, Don’s task is to capture the beauty of the universe and share it with the world. Here are eight of his latest, most beautiful photographs.
‘Photographer’ is not Don’s official title though. As a flight engineer, chemical engineer and NASA Astronaut, Don conducts physics experiments and helps to operate the International Space Station. Photography to him is a hobby in many ways, but something he takes seriously.
Wielding 10 Nikon cameras and a stupendous array of lenses (seen at the bottom of this post), Don combines multiple 30 second exposure photographs to create these star trails. The result shows the luminance of the earth and stars over a time of 10-15 minutes. He’s even managed to photograph the gorgeous atmosphere.
Be sure to check out NASA’s Flickr page as well where they’re sharing plenty more of Don’s photographs!
**also I’m not sure if you’ll be able to access NASA’s site because of the government temper tantrum


Space Facts Postcards
Two postcard designs for a 101 pack of space facts postcards.
Postcard 1: A day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus. It takes Venus 243 Earth years to do a full rotation on its axis (a day), but 225 Earth days to do an orbit of the sun (a year).
Postcard 2: Comets are space snowballs, composed of frozen water and gases, rock and dust.


WELCOME TO GREENLANDS
SOLAR ECLIPSE FRIDAY 20th MARCH|
The journey into school will be like no other on Friday 20th March. Parents will be bringing children to school during a 85-90% partial eclipse. Did you know that the next partial eclipse in Britain is not until August 12 2026 and the next total eclipse in will be in September 2090?
We’ve put together some free resources for you to share with your parents so they know what to expect and are ready to share a very special event with their children on Friday.
If you’d like to share these resources from your website simply use the following link http://www.parentapp.co.uk/Eclipse/?utm_source=Eclipse%20email&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=Eclipse%20Email
Welcome to Greenlands Community Primary School. I hope that this information will give you a good idea of what our school is like.


I totally bought a 5 pack of eclipse glasses about a month ago on Amazon for $8 and have been thoroughly enjoying the frantic FB posts of people looking for Eclipse glasses 2 days before the event and shocked that when they find them they are getting ripped off. It's not like this is all anyone has been talking about for the entire summer or anything.
Well the Boy Scouts and my son's 6th grade science teacher have a solution for your last minute eclipse viewing needs.
1 shoebox, tinfoil, tape, a pin, white printer paper and a box cutter or xacto knife and your troubles are over.
Zero was supervising, of course.
Step 1. Cut a small hole (about 1 inch across) in one end of the shoe box, near an edge.
Step 2. Tape a piece of tinfoil over the hole.
Step 3. Using a pin or needle, punch a hole in the center of the foil.
Step 4. Tape a small piece of white paper to the inside of the box, at the opposite end from the foil-covered hole. The paper should be positioned so that light entering the box through the pin hole will hit it. This is where you'll look for the sun.
Step 5. Cut a 1-inch-diameter hole in the box near the image screen (the white piece of paper), but on a different side of the box — the side adjacent to the screen. This is your viewing hole; it must be positioned such that you can look through it at an angle and see the image screen.
When the time comes for the eclipse, hold the shoe box so that it lines up with its own shadow, demonstrating that it is aligned with light from the sun. Stand so that when you look through the viewing hole, you can see a tiny bead of light on the image screen; that's the sun. During the eclipse, you'll see the shadow of the moon pass in front of the sun.
You can see a video here


For the year 1912-1913, Rudolf Steiner oversaw the publication of a new calendar that was intended to be a creative impulse for living a spiritual life. The Calendar of the Soul was composed of three essential elements which included: the well-known soul verses; name and feast days; and new images for the Sun and Moon zodiac. Rudolf Steiner worked with artist Imma von Eckardstein to develop these new images with the intent that they support calendar users in becoming aware of the waking and sleeping rhythms of certain elemental forces throughout the course of the year. This was undertaken in order to address the understanding that the ancient, traditional images, or glyphs, of the zodiac had long-since ceased to support wakeful, creative life forces in man. The Stuttgart artist Margot Rossler furthered the work with these new images, and in the 1950s created a set of glass etchings depicting the images. These images are displayed in the foyer of the Rudolf Steiner House in Ann Arbor. Through this webinar series, Mary Stewart Adams will explain the historical context in which the new images appeared; how they can be understood as a transition from the old forms to the new; and their meaning in form and color relative to the cycle of the year, each year.
Mary Stewart Adams is a star lore historian, storyteller and author who has been immersed in the history of star knowledge for nearly 30 years. Mary is a member of the School for Spiritual Science, and a researcher in astrosophy. Her work with the New Images of the Zodiac from the original Calendar of the Soul began in the 1990s. Mary led the initiative that resulted in International Dark Sky Park designation for the Headlands property in Emmet County, MI, which later resulted in the State of Michigan passing legislation to protect the night sky over an additional 23,000 acres of state park and forest land. Mary writes and speaks extensively to local, national and international audiences on our relationship to the night sky and its cultural consequences, and has received numerous honors for her work. In addition, she is a member of the International Dark Sky Places Committee of the International Dark Sky Association, protecting and designating dark sky sites around the world. Mary's weekly radio program "The Storyteller's Guide to the Night Sky" airs during Morning Edition on Interlochen Public Radio every Friday. Mary makes her home under the starry skies of Harbor Springs, Michigan.
The files linked below are WMV format; to view on a MAC we recommend downloading the open-source, free VLC player linked here: www.videolan.org/vlc/download-macosx.html. For older MACs older versions of VLC can be accessed from that page.
This webinar is a four-part series:
- An introduction to the series and a focused look at the Spring images of Pisces, Aries, and Taurus
[click here for the recorded webinar of April 28, 2014]
- The Summer constellations Gemini, Cancer, Leo [click here]
- The Autumn constellations Virgo, Libra and Scorpio [click here]
- The Winter constellations Sagittarius, Capricorn and Aquarius, with closing comments [click here].


I started my whole unit with an anticipation guide. I read the questions to my students and they had to decide whether it was true or false. It was amazing how little they knew about the solar system! We had a lot to learn!
Anyway, we are having a "blast" with this space unit ;) I got a ton of ideas from The Techy Teacher...her ideas are so awesome!
We performed her "Planet Roll Call," painted pictures of the planets, created our own constellations, and so much more!
The only tidbit my kiddos were having a little trouble with was an orbit. So I thought of an awesome activity to reinforce it!
I am lucky enough to have a special right after lunch on Wednesdays, so I ran outside to our empty parking lot with some chalk and drew my heart out! I drew the sun, and then 8 orbits around it, getting bigger and bigger for each planet's orbit. My kids got out of music and walked outside and they were speechless!
Each of my kidsgot to be a planet orbiting the sun at the same time. One of the facts in our book said that some planets have shorter and longer years than Earth based on how far away they are from the Sun. We didn't really understand it until today! The kids were able to see that the students on Mercury and Venus' orbits, made it around 5 or 6 times before Uranus or Neptune. I saw so many lightbulbs going off it was unbelievable!
We are finishing up our unit on Friday with a performance of our "Planet Roll Call" and some watercolor pictures of the Sun! Lastly, we will be going over our anticipation guide to see how much we have learned!
Enjoy this weather....snow is coming :(


|Orion Item 2030
Open Drop Menu For Options
Check Box for engraving
All the rare earth metals we use to color silica glass were created inside stars and distributed throughout the universe by super nova's.
The Orion rondelle uses transparent color rods over alternating layers of clear and opaque colored glass.
By applying the opaque and transparent colors in the proper sequence we are able to model the intense blue glow of the Orion Nebula.
The design represents a star in its early development stage when dense interstellar clouds of hydrogen gas collapse into spheres of plasma that ignite into intensely hot new stars.
The Orion Nebula is one of the most analyzed and
photographed objects in the night sky.
The nebula is located in the middle of the constellation Orion's sword and without magnification, looks like any other star.
After months of star gazing with my Celestron telescope I happened upon this nebula in an accidental random search.
I was amazed that with only an eight inch mirror telescope in your own back yard, you can observe a blue glowing gas cloud nebula where stars are being born.


View the high-resolution map
Mapped: The World’s Rocket Launch Sites
From Sputnik 1 to today’s massive satellite constellations, every object in space was launched from just a handful of locations.
The map above, from BryceTech, is a comprehensive look at the world’s spaceports (both orbital and sub-orbital) as well as ballistic missile test sites.
The World’s Major Spaceports
Though the graphic above is a detailed list of many types of rocket launch sites, we’ll focus on major sites that are sending satellites and passengers into sub-orbit, orbit, and beyond.
|Cape Canaveral Space Force Station||Florida||U.S.|
|Cape Canaveral Spaceport||Florida||U.S.|
|Kennedy Space Center||Florida||U.S.|
|Cecil Field Spaceport||Florida||U.S.|
|Colorado Air & Space Port||Colorado||U.S.|
|Vandenberg Air Force Base||California||U.S.|
|Mojave Air and Space Port||California||U.S.|
|Oklahoma Air & Space Port||Oklahoma||U.S.|
|Poker Flat Research Range||Alaska||U.S.|
|Pacific Spaceport Complex||Alaska||U.S.|
|Spaceport America||New Mexico||U.S.|
|Launch Site One (Corn Ranch)||Texas||U.S.|
|Midland Air & Space Port||Texas||U.S.|
|SpaceX Development and Test Facility||Texas||U.S.|
|Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport||Virginia||U.S.|
|Wallops Flight Facility||Virginia||U.S.|
|Reagan Test Site||Kwajalein Atoll||Marshall Islands|
|Naro Space Center||Outer Naro Island||South Korea|
|Sohae Satellite Launching Station||North Pyongan Province||North Korea|
|Kapustin Yar||Astrakhan Oblast||Russia|
|Plesetsk Cosmodrome||Arkhangelsk Oblast||Russia|
|Vostochny Cosmodrome||Amur Oblast||Russia|
|Yasny Launch Base||Orenburg Oblast||Russia|
|Arnhem Space Centre||Northern Territory||Australia|
|Whalers Way Orbital Launch Complex||South Australia||Australia|
|Koonibba Test Range||South Australia||Australia|
|Bowen Orbital Spaceport||Queensland||Australia|
|Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1||Wairoa District||New Zealand|
|Space Port Oita||Ōita||Japan|
|Tanegashima Space Center||Kagoshima||Japan|
|Uchinoura Space Center||Kagoshima||Japan|
|Taiki Aerospace Research Field||Hokkaido||Japan|
|Ryori Launch Site||Iwate||Japan|
|Sonmiani Satellite Launch Center||Balochistan||Pakistan|
|Integrated Test Range||Odisha||India|
|Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station||Kerala||India|
|Satish Dhawan Space Centre||Sriharikota||India|
|Guiana Space Centre||Kourou||French Guiana|
|Barreira do Inferno Launch Center||Rio Grande do Norte||Brazil|
|Alcântara Space Center||Maranhão||Brazil|
|Stasiun Peluncuran Roket||West Java||Indonesia|
|Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center||Gansu Province||China|
|Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center||Shanxi Province||China|
|Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site||Hainan Province||China|
|Xichang Satellite Launch Center||Sichuan Province||China|
|Palmachim Airbase||Central District||Israel|
|Imam Khomeini Space Launch Terminal||Semnan||Iran|
|Qom Lauch Facility||Qom||Iran|
|El Arenosillo Test Centre||Huelva||Spain|
|Esrange Space Center||Lapland||Sweden|
|SaxaVord Spaceport||Shetland Islands||UK|
|Western Isles Spaceport||Outer Hebrides||UK|
|Snowdonia Spaceport||North West Wales||UK|
|Spaceport Nova Scotia||Nova Scotia||Canada|
Editor’s note: The above table includes all sites that are operational, as well as under construction, as of publishing date.
The list above covers fixed locations, and does not include SpaceX’s autonomous spaceport drone ships. There are currently three active drone ships—one based near Los Angeles, and the other two based at Port Canaveral, Florida.
Two of the most famous launch sites on the list are the Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakhstan) and Cape Canaveral (United States). The former was constructed as the base of operations for the Soviet space program and was the launch point for Earth’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. The latter was NASA’s primary base of operations and the first lunar-landing flight was launched from there in 1969.
The global roster of spaceports has grown immensely since Baikonur and Cape Canaveral were the only game in town. Now numerous countries have the ability to launch satellites, and many more are getting in on the action.
Wenchang Space Launch Site, on the island of Hainan, is China’s newest launch location. The site recorded its first successful launch in 2016.
One interesting quirk of the map above is the lack of spaceports in Europe. Europe’s ambitions for space are actually launched from the Guiana Space Centre in South America. Europe’s Spaceport has been operating in French Guiana since 1968.
Low altitude launch locations near the equator are the most desirable, as far less energy is required to take a spacecraft from surface level to an equatorial, geostationary orbit.
Islands and coastal areas are also common locations for launch sites. Since the open waters aren’t inhabited, there is minimal risk of harm from debris in the event of a launch failure.
As demand for satellites and space exploration grows, the number of launch locations will continue to grow as well.


F4190 Introduction to the physics of stellar systems
Faculty of Science
spring 2012 - acreditation
The information about the term spring 2012 - acreditation is not made public
- Extent and Intensity
- 3/1/0. 2 credit(s) (fasci plus compl plus > 4). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
- prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Mikulášek, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. Mgr. Jiří Krtička, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. Marek Skarka (seminar tutor)
- prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Mikulášek, CSc.
Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics - Physics Section - Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Mikulášek, CSc.
Supplier department: Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics - Physics Section - Faculty of Science
- Graduation of the course "An introduction to stellar physics" in the autumn term
- Course Enrollment Limitations
- The course is offered to students of any study field.
- Course objectives
- Main objectives are understaning of the physics of variable stars, stellar systems (binaries, clusters, and galaxies), interstellar matter, and evolution of Universe.
- Physics of binary stars. Evolution of clouse binary stars.
- Physics of variable stars. Types of variable stars, causes of their variability.
- Stellar clusters and associations. Globular and open clusters, 0 and T associations.
- Physics of interstellar matter.
- Stars in the Galaxy. Structure of the Galaxy, its dynamics, the origin and evolution.
- Stars and the Universe. The role of stars in the Universe. Structure and evolution of the Universe. The first and the last stars in the Universe.
- MIKULÁŠEK, Zdeněk and Jiří KRTIČKA. Základy fyziky hvězd. 2005. info
- An introduction to modern astrophysics. Edited by Bradley W. Carroll - Dale A. Ostlie. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2007. 1 v. (vari. ISBN 978-0-321-44284-0. info
- Teaching methods
- 3 hours classical lectures, exercises, consultations, oral exam
- Assessment methods
- oral exam
- Language in which the course is taught
- Follow-Up Courses
- Further comments (probably available only v češtině)
- The course is taught once in two years.
The course is taught: every week.
General note: L.
The course is also listed under the following terms
Spring 2008 - for the purpose of the accreditation


Which of these is your favorite moon photography shot?
The moon is one of the most beautiful places on earth, and it has captured the imaginations of people around the world.
Here are some of our favorite moon photos that capture the beauty and wonder of the moon.
Moon’s first full moon in 2017 is viewed in 2017.2.
In 2017, the moon is viewed from the side of Mount Everest.3.
In 2018, a moonlit moon is seen in the foreground of the sunlit sky above a tree on Mount Everest in Nepal.4.
In 2020, a lunar eclipse is seen from Mount Everest and from a high vantage point in a tree.5.
In 2024, a sunset in the sky is captured by a moon-high sunset in Hawaii.6.
In 2021, a full moon is witnessed from a window at the top of the world’s tallest building.7.
In 2022, a view of a sunset on Mount Rainier in Washington, D.C.8.
In 2023, a light breeze blows through the sky above Mount Rainiers topography.9.
In 2019, a photo of a lunar sunset is taken from Mount Rainiest.10.
In the same year, a picture of a moonlight sunrise is taken on Mount Rushmore in Washington.11.
In 2030, a photographer from the Moon Express takes a breathtaking photo of the lunar eclipse.12.
In 2025, a close-up of the Moon’s umbra is captured in front of Mount Rushmores famous Golden Gate Bridge.13.
In 1921, a photograph of a sunlit day on the Moon is taken by a photographer in front the White House.14.
In 1910, a landscape of the Sun and Moon is seen through a window in front in a park in New York City.15.
In 1900, the Moon appears in front a city street in Washington D. C.16.
In 1901, a city block on Mount Wobegon is seen with the Milky Way as the backdrop.17.
In 1912, a streetlight is seen to illuminate a city skyline in New Orleans.18.
In 1911, a window is seen on the side with the White house in Washington during the Whitehouse Emergency of 1912.19.
In 1913, a person is seen at sunset in front an old man in front on Mount Kailua, Hawaii.20.
In 1916, a group of people enjoy a picnic in front with Mount Rushworth.21.
In 1917, the view of Mount Wobbler in the middle of the night is captured from a view point in front, and in front is a large city block.22.
In 1920, a scene from a city view from Mount Rushwell is captured on Mount Kinabalu.23.
In 1922, a sunshade is seen across the sky from a distance in front.24.
In 1924, a sunrise is seen overhead from Mount Kinabi.25.
In 1926, a woman’s reflection is seen as she passes by the White houses front door.26.
In 1929, a man walks down the street and sees the sunset on the horizon.27.
In 1930, a car is seen behind a city sign in New Haven, Connecticut.28.
In 1931, a crowd gathers for a picnic on a city bench.29.
In 1934, a tree is seen silhouetted against a city sky.30.
In 1935, a mountain view is seen.31.
In 1939, a dog is seen outside a city window.32.
In 1940, a train passes by in front as it is coming from Mount Washington.33.
In 1942, a child is seen standing in front from Mount Kaho.34.
In 1944, a girl walks on a park bench as the city skyline appears in the distance.35.
In 1945, a boy walks on the sidewalk in front while the city is in view.36.
In 1947, a couple walks down a street while the skyline is in the background.37.
In 1948, a bus passes by on the street.38.
In 1949, a young girl walks in front under the trees in front during the night.39.
In 1950, a family and children gather for a walk under a tree in front when the city lights up.40.
In 1951, a large group of young people watch a sunset while the sun is visible.41.
In 1954, a small crowd gathers outside of the White Houses front door as the sun rises.42.
In 1956, a childrens picture book is seen above the White HOUSE.43.
In 1957, a park on the White Street in Washington DC is seen lit by a streetlamp in the daytime.44.
In 1958, a night sky shot on the moon and a view from the window of a city building in New Delhi.45.
In 1959, a band performs on Mount Olympus during a performance of the movie “A Night at the Opera.”46. In 1960,


Look what was waiting for me when I got home from work this evening! Jane's card arrived, having been on a mysterious detour, perhaps up to the moon and back. It's very luminous and exciting -- the image of the moon and stars is printed on transparency and has a deep glow.
It was inspired by this powerful poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins and has a quote from it on the back.
It was definitely worth the wait -- but I'm just sorry you had the worry of thinking it was lost, Jane.
Thank you so much -- now we're all up to date here on Postman's Knock.


My son has always been fascinated with the stars in the night sky and especially the moon.
I decided to get him a telescope so he could do a little stargazing and see the moon’s craters.
I got him a pretty nice telescope, but it was during the late fall right before the winter. I had already had the heating system tuned up and we had started using the heating system on the chilly nights. The night that I helped my son get his telescope together, I also got a fire going in the fireplace. It was an especially chilly night and I wanted the living room to be nice and toasty when we got back inside. While it was feeling frosty out there, we actually had a lot of fun looking at the different stars. We even got a nice view of Saturn with the telescope. You could see the rings and everything. It was also really cool because the actual moons of Saturn were visible as well. We spent a long time out there and by the time we got back in, the house felt very comfortable. The fire was dying down in the fireplace so I put a few more logs on there. My son and I were able to relax after being out in the cold weather for all that time checking out the stars. I really didn’t expect it, but my wife brought us some hot cocoa while we were warming up next to the fireplace. That really made our night extra special because Mom’s hot cocoa is seriously the best!


Thank you to NASA for their continued support of SpaceX and partnership in achieving this goal, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said in a statement. I could not be more proud of everyone at SpaceX and all. Elon Musk, SpaceX founder. dpa/picture alliance via Getty Images. Billionaire Elon Musk has hit one milestone in the billionaire space race: creating a commercial spacecraft system trusted to send. SpaceX is expanding a test of its Starlink satellite internet and could bring the service to other countries next year, CEO Elon Musk says.. The space-exploration firm will send out several.
CEO Elon Musk has offered an explanation for SpaceX's recent Starship static fire anomaly and says that an overview of the next-generation rocket development program will be delayed to account. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk had even retweeted the post by the company from 2011 when it announced that 'flag capturing sequence' has commenced. While most people on the internet had forgotten about the claim, the 'man of few words', Musk made sure that his followers remember his 'promise' has been delivered by the NASA-SpaceX Crew Dragon launch on May 30 from the Kennedy Space Center's. Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) is an American aerospace manufacturer and space transportation services company headquartered in Hawthorne, California.It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs to enable the colonization of Mars. SpaceX has developed several launch vehicles, the Starlink satellite constellation, the Dragon cargo. SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. -Elon Musk. Why Mars? At an average distance of 140 million miles, Mars is one of Earth's closest habitable neighbors. Mars is about half again as far from the Sun as Earth is, so it still has decent sunlight ^ Elon Musk Says SpaceX Will Send Yusaku Maezawa (and Artists!) to the Moon. Wired. September 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019. ^ Ralph, Eric (September 14, 2018). SpaceX has signed a private passenger for the first BFR launch around the Moon. Archived from the original on September 14, 2018
SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company was founded in 2002 to revolutionize space technology, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets
Elon Musk's SpaceX is reportedly charging $99 a month for a test version of its Starlink satellite internet service that it expects to be somewhat spotty Elon Musk's SpaceX was dismissed by Pentagon brass during its early years. But now, the billionaire entrepreneur and his company are enjoying more success than ever in snaring Pentagon business Elon Musk's rocket company SpaceX launched four astronauts on a flight to the International Space Station on Sunday, NASA's first full-fledged mission sending a crew into orbit aboard a privately. Elon Musk founded SpaceX in 2002 with the aim of taking humans to other planets. Despite this success, and others along the way, it hasn't always been plain sailing for SpaceX. In 2016, a Falcon 9 rocket blew up on the launch pad. And in April 2019, a Crew Dragon capsule exploded during a so-called static fire test on the ground
Elon Musk may have Covid-19, and NASA says he must. Elon Musk says he 'most likely' has moderate case of coronavirus. The rivalry between SpaceX and Boeing: No one thought Elon Musk's SpaceX would ever beat Boeing to space Associated Press SpaceX launches crew for relief mission; Elon Musk sidelined by coronavirus Last Updated: Nov. 15, 2020 at 7:33 p.m. ET First Published: Nov. 15, 2020 at 4:28 p.m. E
Elon Musk a jeho firmy v popkultuře #3: Iron Man 2 se natáčel v továrně SpaceX Elon Musk je často přirovnáván k postavě Tonyho Starka z filmů o Iron Manovi. Herec Robert Downey Jr. se při ztvárnění této postavy inspiroval přímo u Elona Muska, ale tím spojitost mezi Muskem a touto filmovou sérií nekončí Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and chief executive officer of Tesla Inc., speaks during a discussion at the Satellite 2020 Conference in Washington, D.C., on March 9, 2020 NASA SpaceX SUCCESS: Elon Musk 'Dragon' spacecraft docks with International Space Station SPACEX's first ever fully manned space flight with NASA has been a success, with the four astronauts. Elon Musk's SpaceX launches Crew-1 mission, beginning a new era of NASA human spaceflight Published Sun, Nov 15 2020 7:56 PM EST Updated Mon, Nov 16 2020 7:42 AM EST Michael Sheetz @thesheetztweet
SpaceX, the brainchild of Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA), sent the company's Dragon capsule into orbit carrying four astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida, using the company's Falcon 9. SpaceX was aiming for a Sunday night launch of four astronauts to the International Space Station, although the prospects of good weather were just 50-50 and the company's leader, Elon Musk, was. Meet the British start-ups battling to take on Elon Musk's SpaceX Elon Musk is world's third-richest person as Tesla enters S&P 500 By Laurence Dodds 17 Nov 2020, 11:46pm NASA has certified Elon Musk's SpaceX to carry astronauts, ending its reliance on Russia It's the first new craft to be certified by the agency since the space shuttle nearly 40 years ag SpaceX launched a beta version of its Starlink satellite internet on October 26, and people have been surprised with the current download speed as beta users observed download speed between 160-174 megabits per second. Beta users were asked to pay a fee of $600 upfront to get the internet which Musk announced as Better Than Nothing Beta
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk was sidelined from Sunday's historic Crew Dragon launch at Kennedy Space Center by COVID-19. Musk disclosed on the eve of the launch that he most likely has a moderate. Vi skulle vilja visa dig en beskrivning här men webbplatsen du tittar på tillåter inte detta Elon Musk, the CEO of both the electric-car company Tesla and the aerospace manufacturer SpaceX, has managed to play nice with both the U.S. government and the Chinese Communist Party Elon Musk kan bocka av ännu en bedrift. I slutet av maj blev entreprenörens SpaceX första kommersiella företag att skicka ut en bemannad farkost i rymden. Under söndagen återvände besättningen återigen till jorden, rapporterar R SpaceX CEO Elon Musk did not watch the launch from the Kennedy Space Center control room after he said he most likely mas a moderate case of COVID-19
Elon Musk the founder, CEO and chief engineer/designer of SpaceX, shared his source of inspiration to establish the company. SpaceX is a multi-billion-dollar company that designs, manufactures and. Elon Musk's aerospace company SpaceX has urged the Indian government to give approvals for providing satellite-based internet services in remote are. NASA: SpaceX CEO Elon Musk should isolate after positive COVID-19 results. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine says that SpaceX CEO and founder Elon Musk should quarantine after Musk says he tested.
Musk said he suffered from brutal flu experiences His announcement came before the launch of SpaceX's Crew Dragon The Crew-1 mission will regularly bring astronauts to orbit Tesla CEO Elon Musk. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk tests positive and negative for COVID-19 ahead of Crew 1 launch, awaiting lab results NASA Administrator says policy would require Musk to quarantine, not attend launc SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said on social media last night that he took four Covid-19 tests in one day, two of which were positive and two of which were negative Your single place for all news about Elon Musk and all his ventures including Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink, Hyperloop, The Boring Company, SolarCity and more Elon Musk's grand idea of transporting people from New York to Shanghai in under 40 minutes using a SpaceX rocket will be put into practice by the U.S. military to transport weapons
SpaceX was founded by billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk who still has part ownership of the company with 54 per cent equity and 78 per cent voting control. SpaceX is a private American aerospace. ELON MUSK's SpaceX declared Mars a free planet that will not abide by Earth-based laws, it stated under the governing law of the company's planned colony on the fourth planet. Buried deep in SpaceX's Starlink's beta consumer service terms stands a small but concise paragraph stating the company's mission on the red planet Elon Musk: Public Beta for SpaceX's Satellite Internet Will Start Soon With today's successful launch, SpaceX now has about 770 satellites in orbit to power Starlink, which is currently capable. Elon Musk's SpaceX will make its own laws on Mars: Report SpaceX has said they will not abide by international law on Mars. Instead, SpaceX plans to define its own set of 'self-governing principles' for the first Martian settlement SpaceX's second crew flight delayed due to unfavourable weather; Elon Musk awaits COVID-19 results SpaceX delayed its second astronaut flight by a day because of high wind and weather conditions.
A miniseries from HBO will explore the creation of SpaceX, the satellite and space transportation company from Elon Musk.What Happened: Variety reports that HBO, a unit of AT&T (NYSE: T) will be. Elon Musk's SpaceX Starlink plan delivers internet better than 95 per cent of the US. A plan to provide super fast internet all around the world is starting to get into the public's hands,. Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future - Kindle edition by Vance, Ashlee. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future Elon Musk (Official) Original Poster 2.6k points · 3 years ago The main tanks will be vented to vacuum, the outside of the ship is well insulated (primarily for reentry heating) and the nose of the ship will be pointed mostly towards the sun, so very little heat is expected to reach the header tanks
Discuss: Elon Musk expects SpaceX ticket to Mars will cost $500,000 Sign in to comment. Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic SpaceX started with a plan to send mice to Mars. It got crazier from there. In late October 2001, Elon Musk went to Moscow to buy an intercontinental ballistic missile
SpaceX's Starlink satellite internet service is aiming to add several thousand more beta participants, with Elon Musk dropping fresh details about plans for the high-tech network Elon Musk var med och grundade och leder Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink och The Boring Company. Som medgrundare och VD på Tesla leder Elon all produktutveckling, konstruktion och global tillverkning av företagets elektriska fordon, batteriprodukter och solenergiprodukter SpaceX's Starlink: Beta tester reveals more about Elon Musk's internet from space service. Starlink beta tester tests out his user terminal in national forest locations with 300W battery pack SpaceX founder Elon Musk was choked up with emotion after his company successfully launched astronauts to space for the first time on Saturday (May 30)
SpaceX fue fundado en junio de 2002 por Elon Musk en un almacén en El Segundo (California). [ 32 ] La compañía ha crecido rápidamente desde 160 empleados en noviembre de 2005 a 1100 en 2010 [ 33 ] [ 34 ] , 3800 empleados y contratistas en octubre de 2013 [ 35 ] , cerca de 5000 a finales de 2015 [ 36 ] [ 37 ] y hasta 6000 en abril de 2017. [ 38 Elon Musk's SpaceX has transformed the launch industry, and is working to make Mars colonization a reality. Scroll down to read the quotes, or watch Elon Musk's 2016 & 2017 talks on Making Humans a Multiplanetary Species. Feel free to let me know in the comments what your favorite quote is Paris, 16 November der 2020. - Elon Musk's SpaceX has successfully launched a Falcon 9 with its Crew Dragon spacecraft Resilience and four astronauts on board to the International Space Station (ISS). NASA confirmed the spectacular lift-off from SpaceX's Cape Canaveral launch pad on Sunday night local time. The so-called Crew-1 mission is the first
A new report from former employees and insiders at Tesla and SpaceX found that Elon Musk can be a mercurial petty tyrant, depending on his ongoing projects and social media dust-ups.. According to. . Photo: Anadolu Agency via Getty/Yasin Ozturk China Newsweek, a publication run by the official China News Service, reported in October that China Telecom's satellite communications arm had kickstarted an ambitious launch plan for 10,000 satellites in the next five to ten years Microsoft samarbetar med Elon Musks Spacex kring molntjänster, där man tänker rikta in sig på militära och kommersiella kunder. Det rapporterar Wall Street Journal. Det sker kort efter att Amazon utannonserat en egen molnrelaterad satsning på rymden, med ett dedikerat affärsområde
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk on Friday said he recieved two positive and two negative COVID-19 tests less than two days ahead of his historic SpaceX Crew-1 mission SpaceX CEO and founder Elon Musk announced on social media he tested positive and negative for COVID-19.. Musk claims he took the coronavirus test four times. Two of the tests came back negative. Starlink, SpaceX's internet connectivity constellation, is set to offer service to more users than ever.. On Tuesday, CEO Elon Musk shared via Twitter that the company plans a fairly wide public. The Starlink network created by Elon Musk's SpaceX might be the solution to slow, pricey satellite internet. Here's how it works
Starlink, Elon Musk 's high-speed satellite internet, is coming up and it seems to have a price.The cost of the service that SpaceX, the businessman's space agency, would be around $ 99 (2,093. Industrial maverick Elon Musk started SpaceX with a spark nearly 20 years ago. Now it's set to take astronauts to the International Space Station -Elon Musk. 101 Total Launches. SpaceX believes a fully and rapidly reusable rocket is the pivotal breakthrough needed to substantially reduce the cost of space access. The majority of the launch cost comes from building the rocket, which historically has flown only once
Elon Musk's SpaceX: 60 more Starlink internet satellites launch ahead of public beta. SpaceX's Starlink constellation nears 800-satellite target for providing moderate internet coverage for North. .. The SpaceX Crew-1 mission with NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi lifted off at 7.27. Whether you find him admirable or obnoxious, Elon Musk is having a fantastic year. Whether you find him admirable or obnoxious, SpaceX, the company he founded in 2002,.
Pris: 69 kr. pocket, 2017. Skickas inom 2-4 vardagar. Köp boken Elon Musk : Tesla, SpaceX och jakten på en fantastisk framtid av Ashlee Vance (ISBN 9789175036106) hos Adlibris. Fraktfritt över 199 kr Alltid bra priser och snabb leverans. | Adlibri SpaceX's mission to Mars could take place in as little as four years time, according to founder and CEO Elon Musk. I think we have a fighting chance of making that second Mars transfer window. Historia y grandes hitos de SpaceX, la gran locura espacial de Elon Musk Reportaje. Marta Sanz Romero. 14/11/2020 - 05:00 Elon Musk - Tesla, Spacex and the quest for a fantastic future Medarbetare Sokcic, Miroslav (form) Dimensioner 180 x 110 x 25 mm Vikt 230 g SAB Lz Musk, Elon ISBN 9789175036106. Du kanske gillar. Min hemlighet Petter A Stordalen, Jonas Forsang Pocket. 55. Slav Jason.
. Microsoft Corp. is teaming with Elon Musk's SpaceX and others as the software giant opens a new front in its cloud-computing battle with Amazon.com Inc., targeting space customers Elon Musk is working to revolutionize transportation both on Earth, through electric car maker Tesla - and in space, via rocket producer SpaceX. He owns 21% of Tesla but has pledged more than half. SpaceX was founded by billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk who still has part ownership of the company with 54 per cent equity and 78 per cent voting control. SpaceX is a private American aerospace manufacturer that is based in California. It was founded in 2002 with the goal to build affordable rockets and enable the colonisation of Mars SpaceX CEO joined NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine at SpaceX HQ in Hawthorne today to provide an update on the commercial crew launch program that the company is working on with the agency
. The rocket man wants to see development of his next-generation Starship move faster Posted on EVANNEX on October 19, 2020 by Iqtidar Ali. Elon Musk has made Tesla and SpaceX a resounding success. But that wasn't what he originally predicted according to a recent article in CNBC.


Sunday, January 07, 2007
Awhile back, my friend, Hannes Hacker, emailed me with news of a possible launch -- from near the west Texas town of Van Horn -- of a suborbital space vehicle by a private firm called Blue Origin.
It seems that things went well.
We're working, patiently and step-by-step, to lower the cost of spaceflight so that many people can afford to go and so that we humans can better continue exploring the solar system. Accomplishing this mission will take a long time, and we're working on it methodically. We believe in incremental improvement and in keeping investments at a pace that's sustainable. Slow and steady is the way to achieve results, and we do not kid ourselves into thinking this will get easier as we go along. Smaller, more frequent steps drive a faster rate of learning, help us maintain focus, and give each of us an opportunity to see our latest work fly sooner.This is exciting news! Follow the above link to see a nice set of photos of the event.
Our first objective is developing New Shepard, a vertical take-off, vertical-landing vehicle designed to take a small number of astronauts on a sub-orbital journey into space.
On the morning of November 13, 2006, we launched and landed Goddard -- a first development vehicle in the New Shepard program. The launch was both useful and fun. Many friends and family came to watch the launch and support the team. [bold added]


Part 1 Summary
Part one traces the development of Astronomy from a purely observational pastime
to its merger with physics through the century and a half of the Scientific Revolution
which began with Copernicus and culminated in Newton.
Knowledge of the stars has been relevant to mankind from the beginning. In the cold
climate of the waning glaciers, acute awareness and knowledge of seasonal changes
were essential to survival. The importance of this knowledge to our earliest ancestors
must have been much greater than our own.
We may scarcely look up to notice a particular constellation as we walk from our
car to our work or to our homes. We might have if we had we been huddled in our skins,
shivering against the subfreezing night air, recalling the warm summer nights and
the different patterns in the sky that come with them seasons like the animals that
migrate, and the plants that sprout, mature, fruit and die and the rivers that flood.
The timing of seasonal events such as migrating herds, the growth cycles of plants,
and spring flooding, along with the need for navigation provided motivation to understand
and predict the movements of heavenly bodies.
The celesial objects and their movements became linked to religion and the supernatural
because of the spiritual nature of humanity. It makes us humans more comfortable
who would like to think that there is some meaning to life.
The development of astronomy into a mathematical science was accomplished within
the framework of a paradigm fashioned from ancient Greek metaphysics.
It was the ancient Greeks who introduced the idea of numerical relationships into
the physical world view. Arithmetic and geometry, combined with logic, ethics, and
aesthetics, provided an explanation for predictable astronomical events.
More importantly, the Greek metaphysics implored us to be curious, to seek truth,
to look for patterns, and to use reason to solve problems. These ideals remain the
central drive of science and scientists.
The early Greek ideas can be grouped into four main schools of thought, depending
on what was considered both fundamental and significant.
The Pythagoreans were followers of Pythagoras, who organized a cult for studying
the mystical properties of numbers and geometry. Out of their efforts arose the belief
that the universe is perfect and designed within a circular model.
The great philosopher Socrates marks the beginning of the Golden Age of Greece. Although
Socrates did not leave written work, his ideas were documented by Plato, his student
and friend, who witnessed the death of Socrates, having been condemned for corrupting
the youth of Athens. Socrates' views on morality, and his disdain for the physical
world set the stage for Plato, and Plato's student Aristotle to build wide reaching
and coherent world views which would prove to be the foundation of Western thought
until the seventeenth century A.D.
Plato's question was a charge to future generations to figure out how one could explain
the irregular and retrograde motions of the planets in terms of the circular perfection
of the Pythagoreans, whose ideas Plato popularized.
Aristotle conceived of a universe in which only earth and near environs were imperfect.
The heavens moved in quintessence, driven by the power of an imponderable Prime Mover.
Aristotle became the tutor of Alexander the Great, whose father Phillip of Macedon
ended the Golden Age by conquering and uniting the Greek City-States.
With the death of Alexander and Aristotle within a year of one another Greek dominance
began to wane as the Empire of Rome began its rise. The city of Alexandria, built
by Alexander as one of many cities designed to perpetuate the Greek culture. In Alexandria,
over a four hundred year period, the Greek ideals flourished. Archimedes discovered
the principle of buoyancy, Euclid wrote the world's best selling geometry book, Eratosthenes
used geometry to measure the earth, Aristarchus talked of a moving earth, Hipparchus
built astrolabes and made star catalogs. Ptolemy synthesized all of the knowlede
of astronomy into a great book known as Algamest. The system proposed by Ptolemy
was geocentric and lacked the cosmological unity of Aristotle' system of the world.
But it was the best method for calculating the locations of the planets and became
the standard for fifteen hundred years.


Bureau of Meteorology Space Weather expert Dr Zahra Bouya says the spectacular light shows are relatively rare for this time of the solar cycle and are due to a number of solar eruptions from the sun's visible surface.
"We are currently monitoring two coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are large clouds of plasma that are ejected from the sun and travel at high speeds through space. They are both relatively slow moving and our model predictions have them passing over us on 15 and 16 May."
"When this material reaches Earth, most of it is deflected by the planet’s magnetic field. But as the CME passes over the Earth its magnetic field may connect with ours allowing huge amounts of energy to be transferred to our magnetic field, generating geomagnetic storms that can last for two or three days and produce dramatic auroras over successive nights,"
Cloudy conditions are expected for the coast tonight but the conditions tomorrow night should be perfect for aurora activity to be observed. Dr Bouya suggests somewhere dark to watch the cosmic event.
"To see the aurora, you'll need a very dark and clear night so early morning, after the moon sets, between 3am and 5am, is best over the coming days. Headlands or a dark beach are usually the best viewing spots,"


Directions: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should choose the best choice. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Some radio signals were heard in 1967. They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star. They were coming very regularly, too: about once a second, if they were controlled by clock. The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else. They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people. The signals were coming from a very small body—no bigger, perhaps than the earth. Was that why no light could be seen from it? Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star? There was no end to the questions, but the scientists kept the news secret. “Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.” they thought, “who are trying to send messages to other planets, or to us? So the news was not given to the newspaper. Instead, the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well, all that happened in 1967 and 1968. Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange, regular, radio signals. And they have told the story, of course. The signals do not come from a planet; they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar”. About a hundred other pulsars have now been found, and most of them are very like the first one. Pulsars are strong radio stars. They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present. A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons. Their light—if they give much light—is too small for us to see. But we can be sure of this, no intelligent beings are living on them.


About Thracia, a Planet of the Sidhe Empire
Thracia is a small planet, located in the Andromeda galaxy. Strategically it’s near enough to Old Earth (the seat of the Queen and her court) to be an easy hop for an extended weekend but far enough away to be a serene retreat, relatively unaffected by royal politics. It has earned the nickname of “the shopping planet,” although it is also known for less innocent pleasures. The planet is orbitally locked, so that one side always faces the sun and the other is forever in darkness.
The planet’s core is rich in essential and rare minerals, engendering an industrial blight in the unlit hemisphere and supporting a luxuriant shopping and resort area in the hemisphere blessed with eternal sunshine. This dichotomy creates a divisive local economy between the “haves” and the “have-nots,” somewhat reminiscent of Old Earth’s French Republic in the 1848.
To read about more planets, visit the Planets of the Sidhe Empire page.


Another month, another beautiful full moon above San Francisco. This is the full moon for November 2013. Picture is taken with a Canon 5D MIII, and a 70-200mm F2.8 L II, with a 2x extender.
This is the full moon above San Francisco today, November 16th in San Francisco.
Exposure: 0.005 sec (1/200)
Focal length 400mm
ISO speed: 200
Exposure Bias 0 EV


NASA astronaut Dr. Peggy Whitson still is adjusting to being back on Earth after her most recent stint as commander of the International Space Station.
Whitson, a 1981 graduate of Iowa Wesleyan, spent six months at the International Space Station where she served as commander for the second time in her career.
?I?m adapting to being back on Earth, it was a fantastic experience,? she said during a phone interview with The News on Tuesday afternoon. Whitson, who was the first woman to serve as Chief of the Astronaut Corps as well as the first woman commander of the International Space Station currently holds the record for total spacewalks by a woman and most cumulative days in space by any NASA astronaut. But it?s not those record breaking achievements that Whitson is excited about. Instead it?s the work being done on the International Space Station. ?Every day we?re at the space station we?re breaking a record,? she said. ?For over 18 years we have had an American on the space station; I?m really impressed with that.?
As Whitson briefly reminisced about the work she and her crew did on the International Space Station, she paused and chuckled. ?I think it?s interesting that people who will be graduating from high school this year will not have lived without having someone at the space station.?
While at the space station, Whitson and her crew conducted research on the best ways to explore space. They also tested hardware and equipment that will be used on future missions. ?It?s really exciting to be part of that,? she said.
Missions, like the one Whitson just completed, are what keep NASA moving forward. ?It distinguishes that we are important and allows us to expand to the next step,? she said adding that breaking records along the way helps to reinforce the importance of NASA?s work.
Whitson will return to her alma mater in February for the university?s Founders Day Celebration. Besides delivering the keynote address, Whitson also will be presented with a key to the City of Mt. Pleasant.
Whitson said she never imagined she?d receive the key to the city. ?I find it hard to believe,? she said. However, she is excited to visit the campus and catch up with a few familiar faces, namely her mentor Dolores Poulter Wilson, professor of biology at IW.
Whitson said she looks back fondly at her time at IW, not only because of the degrees in biology and chemistry she received from the university, but because of the personal growth she saw during her time in Mt. Pleasant. ?I think the professors there provided me with a lot of individualized attention, guidance and support,? she said. ?That was great for me.?
Whitson said coming from a small hometown and a high school graduating class of 68, it was important to her to go to a small college. But the one-on-one interaction she received at Iowa Wesleyan helped mold her into the woman she is now.
?I was a relatively insecure young person. (At college) I built confidence. That was the most important thing Wesleyan gave me. Even more than my degree, it gave me a knowledge of myself and confidence in myself.?
The Founders Day Celebration, where Whitson will give the keynote address, will be held at 11 a.m. in the University Chapel. The event is open to the public.
?I look forward to seeing all of the people there,? Whitson said of the event. ?I hope maybe my work will inspire young people to live their dreams.?


Complaining to a colleague about having missed the lunar eclipse of 4th May 2004 due to heavy cloud cover, I heard he had seen the solar eclipse of 1999, which I'd also missed through heavy cloud cover and stupidly having travelled to the country where this cloud cover was a problem; I should have stayed in Belgium. It seems everyone saw the eclipse except me. The story of my failed expedition can be found here. Below are the photos that came closest to showing an eclipse in progress:
Here you can actually see the sun if you stare hard enough to make your eyes water. (It's shown again in the cutout, with a red circle around the sun.) You'll just have to take my word for it that the moon had already taken a nibble out of its upper right edge.
This is another if-you-stare-very-hard eclipse photo. The crescent is vaguely visible just above the rather inconveniently placed wire. It's indicated in the cutout by a red arrow nudging it in the back. (Thanks to JPG compression methods, the arrow bled colour into the rest of the pic.)
Take two: 6th May 2003 saw a new eclipse in the Netherlands. A partial eclipse, but still. The sun would rise with a moon blocking its top, making it the lying crescent of a cow's horns (hence, a "horned" sun) and as their paths diverged, become a vertical crescent, the morning sky darkening as more of it was obscured, and then free itself altogether. So I took a day off from work and got up very early to stand in the wet grass with a cheap digital camera seeing what I could get. A problem being that the camera lens was far more sensitive to light than I was, so that the photos were very different from what I saw.
This first announcement of sunrise my eyes may not even have caught, as the rising sun presented itself to me from the first moment as a lying red crescent.
More like what I saw, but bright and white instead of thin and red.
By now the crescent was righting itself and turning white. The photograph shows it as almost circular.
And now it is a circle, although to my eyes it was still a crescent.
Even the pictures taken through the eclipse sunglasses showed it as almost round.
Still a circle, although I clearly saw a crescent...
I would have erased the photos as useless if I hadn't seen this small shadow beginning to form.
Yes! A partial eclipse as seen through the camera.
In fact, the camera was fooled into thinking it was a complete eclipse. Who was it that said "the camera never lies"?