The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. Dogs were first domesticated from wolves at least 15,000 years ago , but perhaps as early as 150,000 years ago based upon recent genetic fossil and DNA evidence though there is doubt about the accuracy of this mitochondrial DNA evidence. In this time, the dog has developed into hundreds of breeds with a great degree of variation. For example, heights at the withers range from just a few inches (such as the Chihuahua) to roughly three feet (such as the Irish Wolfhound), and colors range from white to black, with reds, grays (usually called blue), and browns occurring in a tremendous variation of patterns.
Dogs, like humans, are highly social animals and this similarity in their overall behavioral pattern accounts for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human households and social situations. Dogs fill a variety of roles in human society and are often trained as working dogs. For dogs that do not have traditional jobs, a wide range of dog sports provide the opportunity to exhibit their natural skills. In many countries, the most common and perhaps most important role of dogs is as companions. Dogs have lived with and worked with humans in so many roles that their loyalty has earned them the sobriquet "man's best friend." Conversely, some cultures consider dogs to be unclean. In other cultures, some dogs are used as food.
Dog in common usage, refers to the domestic pet dog, Canis lupus familiaris (originally classified as Canis familiaris by Linnaeus in 1758, but reclassified as a subspecies of the wolf, Canis lupus, by the Smithsonian Institution and the American Society of Mammalogists in 1993). The word is sometimes used to refer collectively to any mammal belonging to the family Canidae (as in "the dog family"), such as wolves, foxes, and coyotes. The constellations Canes Venatici, Canis Major and Canis Minor are of dogs.
- Dog is also a term used by breeders to specifically denote a male domestic dog.
- Bitch is a female dog.
- Pack is used to denote a group of dogs.
- Puppy is a baby dog.
- Pooch, Poochie, Pup, Puppy, Doggy, Doggie are all informal and affectionate terms for a dog often used by children.
- Canine, in common usage, is a synonym for dog or an adjective meaning dog; for example, in the common expression "canine companion".
Many additional terms are used for dogs that are not purebred.
- Main article: Dog anatomy
Although selective breeding has changed the appearance of many breeds, all dogs retain basic traits from their distant ancestors. Like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing. Compared to the bone structure of the human foot, dogs technically walk on their toes.
Among dog lovers, dogs are generally valued for their intelligence. Anecdotal evidence suggests that dogs have a reasonably high intelligence. For a detailed discussion on what dog intelligence is, see dog intelligence.
- See also: Dog health
Presently, there is an academic discussion as to whether domestic dogs are omnivores or carnivores. The classification in the Order Carnivora does not necessarily mean that a dog's diet must be restricted to meat. Unlike an obligate carnivore, such as a cat, a dog is not dependent on meat protein in order to fulfill its dietary requirements. Dogs are able to healthily digest a variety of foods including vegetables and grains. Wild canines may eat available plants to obtain key amino acids. Domestic dogs can survive on a reasonable and carefully designed vegetarian diet, particularly if eggs and milk products are included. Some sources suggest that a dog fed on a strict vegetarian diet may develop dilated cardiomyopathy since it lacks L-carnitine.
In the wild, these diets are typically pursued in the absence of available meat. It has also been noted that extremely stressful conditions, such as the Iditarod race and scientific studies of similar conditions, suggest that high-protein diets including meat help prevent damage to muscle tissue. This research is also true of other mammals.
Dogs sometimes eat grass, a harmless activity. Explanations abound, but rationales such as that it neutralizes acid are just guesses. Eating grass might make the dog vomit, so one explanation is that dogs eat grass to remove unwanted content from their stomachs.
Many dogs consider anything given to them directly by hand to be a treat, even the food they are accustomed to at meal time. Such dogs might consider anything dropped by humans, including small but indigestible objects (such as marbles, coins, rings, etc.), to be treats as well, which could be dangerous to the dogs when ingested.
For a discussion on one use of treats in training, see clicker training.
Some foods commonly enjoyed by humans are dangerous to dogs, including chocolate (Theobromine poisoning), onions, grapes and raisins, Macadamia nuts, and hops. Some human medications, such as acetaminophen/paracetamol (Tylenol), are highly toxic to dogs. (Human medications should not be given to a dog as a substitute for their regular medication.) Alcoholic beverages pose much the same temptation and hazard to dogs as to humans. Dogs may also find some poisons attractive, including antifreeze, snail bait, insect bait, and rodent poisons.
Among professional breeders, dogs are only allowed to mate for a specific purpose. Sometimes dogs are bred to create puppies to sell, or sometimes to carry on an award-winning purebred line. Breeders who do this are usually experienced in this process. Dog breeders have access to records which allow them to accurately guess which characteristics will "breed true" in a particular dog. Dog breeders also have accurate information on the complexities of the reproductive process for the breed of dog that they are accustomed to handling. Dog owners may accidentally allow their pets to breed without regard to bloodlines.
As with most domesticated species, one of the first and strongest effects seen from selective breeding is selection for cooperation with the breeding process as directed by humans. In domestic dogs, one of the behaviours that is noted is the abolition of the pair bond seen in wild canines. The ability of female domestic dog to come into estrus at any time of the year and usually twice a year is also valued. The amount of time between cycles varies greatly among different dogs, but a particular dog's cycle tends to be consistent through her life. This is also called in season or in heat. Conversely, undomesticated canine species experience estrus once a year, typically in late winter.
Most female dogs come into season for the first time between 6 and 12 months, although some larger breeds delay until as late as 2 years. Like most mammals, the age that a bitch first comes into season is mostly a function of her current body weight as a proportion of her body weight when fully mature. The different rates of maturation are responsible for the menarche, not the chronological age.
Pregnancy and littersEdit
A general rule of thumb is that a mammal will produce half as many offspring as the number of teats on the mother. This rule is altered in domesticated animals since larger litters are often favoured for economic reasons. Dogs bear their litters roughly 9 weeks after fertilization. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. Since a mother can only provide nutrients and care to a limited number of offspring, humans must assist in the care and feeding when the litter exceeds approximately eight puppies. Some breeds have been developed to emphasize certain physical traits beyond the point at which they can safely bear litters on their own. For example, the Bulldog often requires artificial insemination and almost always requires cesarean section for giving birth.
Spaying and neuteringEdit
Spaying or neutering refers to the removal of the male testicles or the female ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate, and reduce sex drive.
Dog experts advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be spayed or neutered so that they do not have undesired puppies. Unwanted puppies are abandoned, eaten, or sometimes disposed of in a careless fashion. It is also common for stray adult dogs placed in animal shelters to be euthanized due to lack of resources.
Spaying and neutering can also help prevent hormone-driven diseases such as mammary cancer and prostate cancer, as well as undesired hormone-driven behaviors. The hormonal changes involved with sterilization are likely to somewhat change the animal's personality, and some object to this angle as the sterilization in itself could be carried out without the excision of organs.
Contrary to myth, it is not required for a female dog to either experience a heat cycle or have puppies before spaying, and likewise, a male dog does not need the experience of mating before neutering; these myths are responsible for numerous unnecessary health problems and unwanted puppies. Female dogs spayed before thier first heat have a vastly lower incidence of many forms of cancer than dogs which are spayed after their first heat or pregnancy. A female dog can become pregnant on her first heat cycle (which can take place as early as six months), and should be kept away from intact male dogs, including littermates, over the age of 4 months. Many veterinarians recommend that owners neuter/spay their pets around the age of 5 months.
Animal control and the ASPCA urge pet owners to help reduce the number of unnecessary deaths of thousands of unwanted animals by having pets spayed or neutered.
Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Within the range of extremes, dogs generally share attributes with their wild ancestors, the wolves. Dogs are predators and scavengers, possessing sharp teeth and strong jaws for attacking, holding, and tearing their food.
Dogs were thought to be dichromats and thus, by human standards, color blind.1, 2 New research is now being explored that suggests that dogs may actually see some colour, but not to the extent that humans do. It has also been suggested that dogs see in varieties of purple/violet and yellow shades. Because the lenses of dogs' eyes are flatter than humans', they cannot see as much detail; on the other hand, their eyes are more sensitive to light and motion than humans' eyes. Some breeds, particularly the best sighthounds, have a field of vision up to 270° (compared to 100° to 120° for humans), although broad-headed breeds with their eyes set forward have a much narrower field of vision, as low as 180°.1, 2
Dogs detect sounds as low as the 16 to 20 Hz frequency range (compared to 20 to 70 Hz for humans) and as high as 70,000 to 100,000 Hz (compared to 20,000 Hz for humans)2, and in addition have a degree of ear mobility that helps them to rapidly pinpoint the exact location of a sound. Eighteen or more muscles can tilt, rotate and raise or lower a dog's ear. Additionally, a dog can identify a sound's location much faster than a human can, as well as hear sounds up to four times the distance that humans are able to. Those with more natural ear shapes, like those of wild canids like the fox, generally hear better than those with the floppier ears of many domesticated species.
Dogs have nearly 220 million smell-sensitive cells over an area about the size of a pocket handkerchief (compared to 5 million over an area the size of a postage stamp for humans). Some breeds have been selectively bred for excellence in detecting scents, even compared to their canine brethren. What information a dog actually detects when he is scenting is not perfectly understood; although once a matter of debate, it now seems to be well established that dogs can distinguish two different types of scents when trailing, an air scent from some person or thing that has recently passed by, as well as a ground scent that remains detectable for a much longer period. The characteristics and behavior of these two types of scent trail would seem, after some thought, to be quite different, the air scent being intermittent but perhaps less obscured by competing scents, whereas the ground scent would be relatively permanent with respect to careful and repetitive search by the dog, but would seem to be much more contaminated with other scents. In any event, it is established by those who train tracking dogs that it is impossible to teach the dog how to track any better than it does naturally; the object instead is to motivate it properly, and teach it to maintain focus on a single track and ignore any others that might otherwise seem of greater interest to an untrained dog. An intensive search for a scent, for instance searching a ship for contraband, can actually be very fatiguing for a dog, and the dog must be motivated to continue this hard work for a long period of time.
Direction and spatial senseEdit
It has been observed that a lost dog can often find its way home, sometimes traveling over long distances.
Dogs also have the ability to sense inclement weather (mainly thunderstorms) many miles away. This is due to their keen ability to detect fluctuations in barometric pressure and can explain a dog's anxiety before and during a storm. The evolutionary ability of sensing weather can be traced back to when wolves used it to move the pack into proper shelter before a dangerous storm.
Dogs are susceptible to various diseases, ailments, and poisons, some of which affect humans in the same way, others of which are unique to dogs.
Common physical disordersEdit
Some breeds of dogs are also prone to certain genetic ailments, such as hip dysplasia, luxating patellas, cleft palate, blindness, or deafness. Dogs are also susceptible to the same ailments that humans are, including diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, and arthritis. Gastric torsion and bloat is a dangerous problem in some large-chested breeds.
- Main article: Dog years
The typical lifespan of dogs varies considerably by breed. For example, many giant dog breeds average only 7 or 8 years, while some small terrier breeds might live as long as 20 years. The average lifespan for mixed-breed and midsize dogs is about 13 to 14 years. The longest-lived dog with reliable documentation died at 29 in 1939.
All dogs have a tremendous capacity to learn complex social behavior and to interpret varied body language and sounds, and, like many predators, can react to and learn from novel situations. The requirements of coordinating complex social behavior requires that canines have the ability to sense and deliver a wide variety of cues via body language, more so than for even humans, who can use language for the same purpose. Physiologically, this correlates with such features as a large number of nerves innervating the facial muscles of dogs, allowing subtle control of a wide variety of facial expressions; in contrast to cats, for instance, who have far fewer nerves governing their facial muscles, resulting in a smaller repertoire or "vocabulary" of expressions. This ability to read and deliver nonverbal cues makes dogs expert at reading human beings, as well, often even more so than other humans are, who rely on language. Most dog owners have a large collection of stories about their dogs recognizing individuals by their footsteps outside the door, and so on.
Interactions between Dogs and HumansEdit
- Main article: Dog society
The relationship between dogs and humans is rooted in history and dogs coexist with humans in a variety of ways. Dogs thrive in small social groups or packs which, from their viewpoint, can include humans. Dog society can be thought of as dog packs characterized by a companionate hierarchy, in which each individual has a rank, and in which there is intense loyalty within the group. Dogs thrive in human society because their relationships with humans mimic their natural social patterns. The dog is always aware of its rank relative to other individuals in the group. An assertive dog may consider itself the alpha animal, considering its human master to be subordinate.
Dogs as working partnersEdit
Many breeds of dogs are commonly used as working dogs. There are service dogs, guard dogs, hunting dogs, and herding dogs. Dogs have served as guides for the blind, as commandos, and have flown into outer space. Most modern working dogs are put in positions that capitalize on their sensory or strength and endurance advantages over normal humans. Dogs are also used for searching for or rescuing people and animals, such as in avalanches, at disaster sites, and for missing people or pets.
Dogs as hunting and sporting partnersEdit
Many people compete with their dogs in a variety of dog sports, including agility, flyball, and many others. This often strengthens the bond between human and dog, since they must trust one another in a variety of environments and must learn how the other works and thinks.
Dogs have been used as hunting companions since prehistory; hunting and guarding are probably the oldest uses for dogs. Today, hunting dogs are still widely used in many capacities, for finding, tracking, chasing, retrieving, or killing game, and dozens of breeds have been specialized to do certain types of hunting tasks very well. For example, scent hounds excel at following a trail using their noses; retrievers excel at bringing back birds that a hunter has shot; and there are many other specialties.
Dogs as petsEdit
Relationships between humans and dogs are often characterized by strong emotional bonds. Consequently, dogs are popular as pets and companions, independent of any utilitarian considerations. Many dog owners consider having unconditional acceptance from a friend who is always happy to see them to be quite utilitarian, particularly if the dog also leads them to regular exercise. Empirically, dogs are quite dependent on human companionship and may suffer poor health in their absence. Many dogs are reported to have separation anxiety if their owner is away for an extended period of time.
Some research demonstrates that dogs are able to convey a depth of emotion not seen to the same extent in any other animal; this is purportedly due to their closely-knit development with modern man, and the survival-benefits of such communication as dogs became more dependent on humans for sustenance.
Nevertheless, it is often unwise to anthropomorphize the responses of dogs. Despite understandably positive interpretations by dog owners, it is questionable whether these animals are truly capable of feeling emotions on a human level. More research is needed to determine the intelligence level of dogs, and the motivations behind their responses to their masters.
Attacks on humans and livestockEdit
- Main article: Dog attack
Humans have a tendency to anthropomorphize animals, particularly pets such as dogs, which are generally portrayed as being "man's best friend". Animals are often given attributes such as "loyal", "cute", and "guardian", but these all have the potential to lure people into a false sense of security.
After thousands of years of domestication and selective breeding for dogs whose aggression towards humans often goes no further than a ferocious bark that strongly indicates dislike of a human behavior, most dogs are unlikely to attack people. However, their sharp teeth and claws can inflict injury in an attack; a large dog can knock a human down. Provocation can range from something as seemingly innocuous as a toddler pulling a dog's tail, in which case the dog might nip to discourage the behavior, to something completely inobvious to humans, such as an odor or a movement that sets a dog off, to blatant human aggression or violence towards a dog, causing it to defend itself. There are hundreds of shades of provocation that may or may not lead to an attack upon a human. Canine aggression upon humans is ordinarily not tolerated, but any human aggression against an animal having formidable means of self-defense is foolhardy in the extreme.
With formidable skills and weapons as hunters as well as large and unfussy appetites, dogs often menace livestock and wildlife. In most jurisdictions, dogs are killed for killing other creatures, so dogs should be prevented from any encounter with livestock or wildlife that might lead to a predatory response. The same creatures that wolves, coyotes, and foxes attack as prey, especially sheep and poultry, are similarly attractive prey to dogs.
Wild dogs are shot by farmers in an effort to protect livestock. Bodies are sometimes tied to fences as warning to other dogs, especially in rural United States and Canada. Abandoned domestic dogs who become feral are particularly dangerous; they lack the survival skills of wild canines, as well as the genetic and learned fear of the humans' world. Feral dogs often form predatory packs that attack livestock and occasionally also prove dangerous to humans.
In the UK, it is illegal to kill dogs, even if they are on your private land; you are required to contact your local Police Force, DogsTrust, or the local branch of the RSPCA, who will arrange its collection.
Ancestry and history of domesticationEdit
Molecular systematics indicate that the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) descends from one or more populations of wild wolves (Canis lupus). As reflected in the nomenclature, dogs are a subspecies of wolf and are thus still able to interbreed.
The relationship between man and canine has deep roots. Wolf remains have been found in association with hominid remains dating from 400,000 years ago. Converging archaeological and genetic evidence indicate a time of domestication in the late Upper Paleolithic close to the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, between 17,000 and 14,000 years ago. Fossil bone morphologies and genetic analysis of current and ancient dog and wolf populations have not yet been able to conclusively determine whether all dogs descend from a single domestication event, or whether dogs were domesticated independently in more than one location. Domesticated dogs may have interbred with local populations of wild wolves on several occasions (so-called introgression).
The earliest dog fossils, two crania from Russia and a mandible from Germany, date from 13,000 to 17,000 years ago. Their likely ancestor is the large northern Holarctic wolf, Canis lupus lupus. Remains of smaller dogs from Mesolithic (Natufian) cave deposits in the Middle East, dated to around 12,000 years ago, have been interpreted as descendants of a lighter Southwest Asian wolf, Canis lupus arabs. Rock art and skeletal remains indicate that by 14,000 years ago, dogs were present from North Africa across Eurasia to North America. Dog burials at the Mesolithic cemetery of Svaerdborg in Denmark suggest that in ancient Europe dogs were valued companions.
Genetic analyses have so far yielded divergent results. Vilà, Savolainen, and colleagues (1997) concluded that dogs split off from wolves between 75,000 and 135,000 years ago, while a subsequent analysis by Savolainen et al. (2002) indicated a "common origin from a single gene pool for all dog populations" between 40,000 and 15,000 years ago in East Asia. Verginelli et al. (2005), however, suggest both sets of dates must be reevaluated in light of recent findings showing that poorly calibrated molecular clocks have systematically overestimated the age of geologically recent events. On balance, and in agreement with the archaeological evidence, 15,000 years ago is the most likely time for the wolf-dog divergence.
Verginelli examined ancient DNA evidence from five prehistoric Italian canids carbon-dated to between 15,000 and 3,000 years old, 341 wolves from several populations worldwide, and 547 purebred dogs. Their results indicate multiple independent origins of dogs and/or of frequent interbreeding between early proto-dogs and wolves throughout a vast geographic range. The detailed history remains unexplored and until further evidence is available, the following section on wolf ancestors must be considered purely speculative.
Although all wolves belong to the species Canis lupus, there are (or were) many subspecies that had developed a distinctive appearance, social structure, and other traits. For example, the Japanese wolf and the Eastern Timber Wolf possess different distinctive colouration, hunting and social structures.
The Indian Wolf is thought to have contributed to the development of more breeds of dogs than other subspecies. Many of today's wild dogs, such as the dingo, the dhole and pariah dogs, are descended from this wolf.
The Indian wolf is also thought to have bred with descendants of the European wolf to create the Mastiffs and eventually leading to the development of such diverse breeds as the Pug, the Saint Bernard, and the Bloodhound. The Tibetan Mastiff is an example of an ancient breed.
The European wolf, in turn, may have contributed many of its attributes to the Spitz dog types, most terriers, and many of today's sheepdogs. The Chinese wolf is probably ancestor to the Pekingese and toy spaniels, although it is also probable that descendants of the Chinese and European wolves encountered each other over the millennia, contributing to many of the oriental toy breeds.
The Eastern Timber Wolf is a direct ancestor to most, if not all, of the North American northern sled dog types. This interbreeding still occurs with dogs living in the Arctic region, where the attributes of the wolf that enable survival in a hostile environment are valued by humans. Additionally, unintentional crossbreeding occurs simply because dogs and wolves live in the same environment. The general reproductive isolation which is required to define dogs and wolves as separate species is purely a result of lack of opportunity, stemming from a general mutual unfamiliarity, suspicion, mistrust, and fear.
The phenotypic characteristic that distinguish a wolf from a dog are tenuous. Wolves typically have a "brush tail" and erect ears. While some dog breeds possess one of these characteristics, they rarely possess both.
Speed of domesticationEdit
Current research indicates that domestication, or the attributes of a domesticated animal, can occur much more quickly than previously believed. Domestication of a wild dog may occur within one or two human generations with deliberate selective breeding. It is also now generally believed that initial domestication was through mutual desire. Wild canines who scavenged around human habitations received more food than their more skittish or fearful counterparts. Canines who attacked people or their children were likely killed or driven away, while those more friendly animals survived. Canines would have been beneficial by chasing away other vermin or scavengers. With their sharp senses, they would also be valuable as an alarm against marauding predators. The relationship is theorized to have developed in this way.
Dogs as foodEdit
In a number of countries around the world, apart from being kept as pets, certain breeds of dogs are slaughtered as a source of meat and specifically raised on farms for that purpose. In countries where dogs are particularly popular as household pets, the use of dogs as a source of food is considered a taboo and abhorrent cultural practice.
There are numerous dog breeds, over 800 being recognized by various kennel clubs worldwide. As all dog breeds have been derived from mixed-breed dog populations, the term "purebred" has meaning only with respect to a certain number of generations. Many dogs, especially outside the United States and Western Europe, belong to no recognized breed.
A few basic breed types have evolved gradually during the domesticated dog's relationship with man over the last 10,000 or more years, but most modern breeds are of relatively recent derivation. Many of these are the product of a deliberate process of artificial selection. Because of this, some breeds are highly specialized, and there is extraordinary morphological diversity across different breeds. Despite these differences, dogs are able to distinguish dogs from other kinds of animal.
The definition of a dog breed is a matter of some controversy. Depending on the size of the original founding population, closed gene pool breeds can have problems with inbreeding, specifically due to founder effect. Dog breeders are increasingly aware of the importance of population genetics and of maintaining diverse gene pools. Health testing and new DNA tests can help avoid problems, by providing a replacement for natural selection. Without selection, inbreeding and closed gene pools can increase the risk of severe health or behavioural problems. Some organizations define a breed more loosely, such that an individual may be considered of one breed as long as 75% of its parentage is of that breed. These considerations affect both pets and the show dogs entered in dog shows. Even prize-winning purebred dogs sometimes possess crippling genetic defects due to founder effect or inbreeding. These problems are not limited to purebred dogs and can affect mixed-breed populations. The behavior and appearance of a dog of a particular breed can be predicted fairly accurately, while mixed-breed dogs show a broader range of innovative appearance and behavior.
In February 2004, the Canine Studies Institute in Aurora, Ohio, arranged recognized breeds of dogs into ten categories.
Mixed-breed dogs or Mongrels are dogs that do not belong to specific breeds, being mixtures of two or more in variant percentages. Mixed breeds, or dogs with no purebred ancestry, are not inherently "better" or "worse" than purebred dogs as companions, pets, working dogs, or competitors in dog sports. Sometimes mixed-breed dogs are deliberately bred, for example, the Cockapoo, a mixture of Cocker Spaniel and Miniature Poodle. Such deliberate crosses may display hybrid vigor and other desirable traits, but can also lack one or more of the desired traits of their parents, such as temperament or a particular color or coat. However, without genetic testing of the parents, the crosses can sometimes end up inheriting genetic defects that occur in both parental breeds. Deliberately crossing two or more breeds is also a manner of establishing new breeds.
Popular Dog BreedsEdit
The Labrador Retriever has been America's most popular breed of dog since 1991. Golden Retrievers are america's 2nd most popular breed, and Yorkshire Terriers and German Shepherds are the 3rd and 4th most popular breeds. Other breeds, such as the Papillon, are getting more and more popular each year.
References and further readingEdit
- Abrantes, Roger (1999). Dogs Home Alone. Wakan Tanka, 46 pages. ISBN 0966048423 (paperback).
- 1A&E Television Networks (1998). Big Dogs, Little Dogs: The companion volume to the A&E special presentation, A Lookout Book, GT Publishing. ISBN 1-57719-353-9 (hardcover).
- 2Alderton, David (1984). The Dog, Chartwell Books. ISBN 0-89009-786-0.
- Brewer, Douglas J. (2002) Dogs in Antiquity: Anubis to Cerberus: The Origins of the Domestic Dog, Aris & Phillips ISBN 0856687049
- Cunliffe, Juliette (2004). The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. Parragon Publishing. ISBN 0-75258-276-3.
- Donaldson, Jean (1997). The Culture Clash. James & Kenneth Publishers. ISBN 1888047054 (paperback).
- Fogle, Bruce, DVM (2000). The New Encyclopedia of the Dog. Doring Kindersley (DK). ISBN 0-7894-6130-7.
- Milani, Myrna M. (1986). The Body Language and Emotion of Dogs: A practical guide to the Physical and Behavioral Displays Owners and Dogs Exchange and How to Use Them to Create a Lasting Bond, William Morrow, 283 pages. ISBN 0688128416 (trade paperback).
- Pfaffenberger, Clare (1971). New Knowledge of Dog Behavior. Wiley, ISBN 0876057040 (hardcover); Dogwise Publications, 2001, 208 pages, ISBN 1929242042 (paperback).
- Savolainen, P. et al. (2002). Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs. Science 298. 5598: 1610–1613.
- Shook, Larry (1995). "Breeders Can Hazardous to Health",The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog, Chapter Two, pp. 13–34. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0345384393 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1558211403 (hardcover; this is much cheaper should you buy).
- Shook, Larry (1995). The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog, Chapter Four, "Hereditary Problems in Purebred Dogs", pp. 57–72. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0345384393 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1558211403 (hardcover; this is much cheaper should you buy).
- Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1993). The Hidden Life of Dogs (hardcover), A Peter Davison Book, Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0395669588.
- Verginelli, F. et al. (2005). Mitochondrial DNA from Prehistoric Canids Highlights Relationships Between Dogs and South-East European Wolves. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22: 2541–2551.
- Vilà, C. et al. (1997). Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog. Science 276:1687–1689. (Also
- Small animal internal medicine, RW Nelson, Couto page 107
- General info
- National Geographic News Many articles and photos about dogs
- Dogs and All About Them Online, free to read and search, 1910 book about dog breeds.
- Little Golden Book of Dogs Child's book on different dogs online, free to read.
- Caring For Dogs
- Genetics and origins
- Lindblad-Toh, K., et. al. "Genome sequence, comparative analysis, and haplotype structure of the domestic dog" Nature 438:803-819, December 2005.
- Canid Genetics
- "Dog Genome Sequencing" - National Human Genome Research Institute
- "World's dogs are descended from Asian wolves"
- "From Wolf to Woof - The Evolution of Dogs"
- Training and behavior
- Breed listings from major kennel clubs
- Cane lupo di Saarloos
- American Kennel Club
- Australian National Kennel Club
- Canadian Kennel Club
- FCI Fédération Cynologique Internationale - FCI
- FCI International breed standards
- The Kennel Club (UK)
- New Zealand Kennel Club
- United Kennel Club Breed lists for many breeds and types not recognized by the AKC--and for many that are (U.S.)


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I'd like to introduce you to my dear "little" girl, Medea. Also know as MoMo, DeeDee, and DeeDeeMo. Quite awhile ago I told you about how we acquired our dog, Nikita, but I've never shared about our three feline companions. So, here we go. Here's number one.
Steve and I adopted Medea almost immediately after we got our first apartment together back in 2005. We took an afternoon trip to the animal shelter to meet the kitties. We spent about an hour there trying, in that little time, to get to know them and to discern if there was one who was a good fit for us. My heart dropped as we didn't click with any of them. There were adorable kitties that we wanted to snuggle and sad kitties that we wanted to rescue, but none that was our kitty. We were resigned to coming back the following week to try again when we saw a tiny gray kitten in a large cage in the front lobby. She was adorable and lying in a hammock. That was the clincher.
Neither Steve nor I had ever had a cat before and I don't think either of us really knew what was involved with raising a kitten. She was incredibly spastic. She would climb up the window screens and not know how to get down. Anytime anyone would open the door to our apartment she ran full speed out into the hallway and we had to chase her down. Twice she crawled into the refrigerator without our realizing it and hung out there for awhile when we didn't see her before we closed her in.
She's mellowed since then. Now she's kind-of like a big gray carpet that doesn't move very often. We have to have her shaved every spring to tame her wild Maine Coon fur. She's "my" cat, preferring me over Steve (it's okay...Steve has "his" kitty too) and the mother of the bunch. Although she tried our patience often in those early days, Steve and I agree that we're glad she was the first. She was enough of a trouble-maker to keep us on our toes and just sweet enough to make it impossible not to forgive that fact. I have a feeling that children might work the same way.


Andi was raised in town. Her family was no longer able to keep her so she joined us out here on the farm. It is obvious that she was made for farm life! We just lover her. She has become my husbands dog and is faithfully by his side. I think it really says a lot about a dog to be able to bond so readily at almost two years of age.
Andi is the quiet, watchful one. She is always on the go, investigating things and making sure that all is in order. She is constantly working and won’t rest until you put her away in the dog run or bring her in the house. I wouldn’t call her hyper, she’s just busy and has a strong sense of duty. She rarely barks. She’s very sweet and affectionate. She is very interested in working. I’m excited to start her training as she has a very keen working style and I think she will be a really nice herding dog.
Andi has very classic collie markings. Her coat does get a little sable color to it in the winter and then sheds out to almost all black in the summer.


Father of F1b Sampson:
Sampson is a fully health-tested F1b golden-doodle . He is 20 months old .Sampson weighs 75 pounds. He has an outgoing, class clown type personality and adores attention
Mother of F1b Puppies:
Deliah is a fully health-tested, F1b and has a non-shedding, curly, rust / cinnamon coat. She is 18 months old and weighs 50 pounds. Deliah is very agile, playful and affectionate. You can walk her without a lease and she loves attention.


Humans would not exist without these 5 animals and celebrities using their voices to end the dog your article did not mention the very most important. Do you have a best friend does he or she have lots of fur and four paws there's a reason why dogs are called man's best friend they're loyal and fun to play with. 11 scientific reasons dogs are better than cats a dog's sense of smell can be useful dogs are technologically-advanced while most cats are busy. Leighton oosthuisen, training director at partners dog training school, talks about training your dog with the crate, and why it can be one of the best. Overall, cats are the favored pet in most of western europe, with the exception of spain, portugal and ireland south america is strictly dog country, as. How & why to socialize your dog – it might be the most important stay up to date with what's happening on the dog guide from dog care tips & dog health. A dog can teach you everything you need to know about how to enjoy 21 reasons a dog is the best investment you will ever make (photos) 50k 980. Why rescue adopting through almost home in fact, the most common reasons a dog ends up with a rescue organization include the following.
Top 10 jobs for dogs are guide dogs, war dogs, therapy dogs as if those massive numbers aren’t proof enough that dogs are the most beloved creatures. The most helpful dog in the world: jesse justjesse197 loading useful dog tricks 2 performed by jesse the jack russell terrier - duration: 4:16. Free essay: why dogs are the most useful animal to humans for as long as anyone can remember dogs have been bred and used to help humans whether it be for. Microchipping 101: why is it important to microchip my pet dogs and cats with microchips are more likely to be returned to their owners than pets without.
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American kennel club reveals the most important ask a shelter before bringing a new dog into your home why is this dog in a shelter. Rescuers couldn’t believe why this dog was so shy and timid 10 of the most playful dog breeds here is a list of the 10 most playful dog breeds 1. Anyone who gets a dog from a breeder should have their contact information so the two most important reasons why you need your dog breeder’s contact information.
Labradors are consistently the usas most popular dog and to show you why they deserve the top spot, here are 14 reasons why labradors are so awesome. The history learning site roles and functions of military dogs military dogs in world war one were these dogs were useful to the military because.
You can train a dog more easily than a cat one of the most popular reasons why dogs are better than cats is because you can train them. Guard dog: five of the most useful breeds these dogs are especially suited to guarding people, and they are regularly trained as personal protection dogs.
Picking the right dog breed for you should not be taken lightly as a dog owner, picking the correct breed is one of the most important decisions you can make. Dog history: how and why dogs were domesticated scholars now agree that most of the dog breeds we see today are recent developments however. Overall benefits pets provide the most dramatic is that of a dog or a cat in the non- communicative one of the most important international conference on.


You all know my neighbor Gwen by now. My neighbor Gwen who knows something about just about everything.
When it comes to gossip and goings-on, Gwen and I have pretty much got the neighborhood covered. In spite of her tall fence, she seems to know a lot about what goes on to the southeast while I have the northwest covered. Due west is the cemetery wherein live the least troublesome neighbors of all except during that awful period of the skunks. Not that our neighborhood is troublesome. Quite the contrary.
Most of the trouble that concerns me concerns cats. Now that my Winston is a cranky old man I don’t have to pay off the owners of the cats he’s fought. Artemis doesn’t fight now that she and Bill’s cat, Suli have finally come to An Understanding. There’s a new bully in town: a red-orange cat with a fluffy tail who terrorizes Suli and Gwen’s cat, Lucy.
Suli can pretty much take care of herself. I’ve seen her take on a German shepherd. She’s drawn blood from me on more than one occasion. One minute she’s purring and rubbing me and the next minute she has launched herself at me and red welts are rising on my arms. Somewhere in between the two states she has apparently told me that she’s had enough and I haven’t respected that.
Lucy is an old cat. We aren’t sure how old exactly, but she’s certainly older than Winston who is 15. As she has aged, she’s drawn lines in the litterbox (so to speak) with various neighborhood cats, principally Cosmo who finally moved to Oregon.
In her young days, Lucy was quite the little outdoorswoman. But she was never the same after being stuck up a telephone pole for four days while neighbors were on the horn with Gwen who was in Texas. Finally someone came with a tall ladder and fetched Lucy down. After that Lucy spent her days inside the fence. If you could see the camera-ready garden hidden inside Gwen’s old fence, you probably would, too.
Recently Gwen told me that some rogue cat had figured out how to get in Lucy’s cat door. It’s one of those doors that require the cat to wear a magnet to which the door responds. The magnet door lets Lucy into the basement. Up the basement stairs and another cat door lets her into the kitchen. Gwen and Lucy curled up in the plaid room reading and napping, respectively, heard the kitchen cat door open and looked at each other.
“What’s wrong with this situation?” they asked.
Lucy probably knew who the intruder was, but for several of his illegal visits Gwen only heard him. But then she hit on the most ingenious idea. Gwen, the technology wizard, could probably fashion surveillance equipment out an angel food cake pan, indeterminate wires from a box in her garage, and an old computer. Here’s what she did: she hung a mirror on the fence outside a bay window so it reflected the outside cat door. When she heard the cat door opening she could stand in her front room and see the activity at the cat door. Still she wasn’t fast enough to spot the cat.
Gwen bought a different kind of door, the kind that requires the cat to wear a coded medallion. A code that can be changed. Now Lucy clinks like she has never clunked before what with her new medallion, her proof of rabies shot, and her I.D. tag.
Gwen finally spotted the intruder. She heard the sound of the cat door trying to open. The intruder waited expectantly for the door to open and apparently was mystified enough to wait long enough for Gwen to take her position in the bay window where she saw a butt and fluffy red-orange tail. It was the bully cat.
Now we are both on the lookout for the orange-red cat. I have chased him out of my yard several times. I chase him down the street until he goes under a house or somewhere I can’t follow. When I see him scaling Gwen’s fence I e-mail her. I’ve not managed to get a photo of him but I’ll leave you with one of the cat who started this blog post:


What's The Superior Home Security System For Pet Owners In Tampa?
The leading home security system shouldn't just protect you, your children, and your home. It needs to shield your pet. But you don't want a security system that trips whenever your cat scurries across the dining room for an early morning drink of water. And it would be wonderful if your outdoor cameras didn’t alert you every time it saw your dog in the front yard. Lucky for us, it's simple to find the best home security system for pet owners in Tampa.
What Dog And Cat Owners Want In A Security System
When shopping for home security systems, it's normal to seek out features that appeal to the humans in your house. wireless devices, round-the-clock monitoring, and an easy-to-use mobile app might be the most requested features. And if you live with a cat, dog, or another home-roaming pet, you will presumably want these features.
Pet-friendly motion sensors: The last thing you need is a security system perpetually notifying you with needless notifications every time your cat zooms around in a monitored part of the house. With pet-immune motion cameras, you can let the animals run free while still being guarded.
Indoor cameras with two-way audio: Many pet owners with inside pets would go crazy for the ability to see their furry family while on vacation. Indoor security cameras with two-way audio are helpful for dogs or cats who struggle from separation issues, allowing you to console them via your security app.
Pet-friendly outdoor cameras: According to the Coalition for Reuniting Pets and Families, close to 10 million dogs and cats are lost or are abducted annually. Thankfully, you can use an outdoor camera with motion detection. In the instance that your pet does escape the property when you're not looking, your outdoor cameras can send an alert to your phone.
Installation Pointers For Your Tampa Home Security System For Pet Owners
When you get your Tampa home security system installed, be sure to have them walk through the property with your cats and dogs in mind. If your cat incessantly knock cups off end tables and window ledges, you can mount the indoor camera on the wall. If your dog is older, see about getting some smart bulbs that can turn on at a set time, so they won’t be caught in the dark. And don't neglect to install a motion detector by a dog door -- even if it's not the main entryway.
Buy Your Pet-Friendly Home Security System With Secure24 Alarm Systems
To help design and station your Tampa home security system for pet owners, use the pros at Secure24 Alarm Systems. We'll help design the absolute best system for your complete family -- including your furry friends. Just call (813) 355-0757 or fill out in the form below to get started.


- Material: Polyester
- Type: cats
- Feature: Breakaway
- Feature: Quick Release
- Decoration: None
Type:Breathable mesh Pet Cat Dog Harness with leash set
Hook & Loop closure,easy to wear on and take off
Breathable mesh material.soft and comfortable for your pets to wear
Reflective stripe design,safety walking at night
Durable metal ring and snap, can be used for a long time
Comes with matching leash,easy for walking.
Fit for small and some medium dogs.e.g.Chihuahua/Mini Poodle/French Bulldog/Pug/West Highland White/Bichon Frise/Shiba Inu/Cocker Spaniel/Shetland sheepdog/Schnauzer.etc.
1x Cat Harness+1x Leash
Size Chest Leash
S 13.5″(34cm) 5/8″*44″(120cm)
M 15.5″(40cm) 5/8″*44″(120cm)
L 17.5″(44cm) 5/8″*44″(120cm)
XL 20.5″(52cm) 5/8″*44″(120cm)
Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions or concerns.Thanks a lot!
Please allow 0.5-1 inch(1-3cm) error due to manual measurement.


On December 5, 2003, a new Pembroke Welsh Corgi puppy joined the family! Both Brady (now 9 1/2 months old) & the puppy came from Larklain Kennels. The puppy is nine weeks old and Brady's half-brother and great uncle. They have the same dad and the puppy's mother is Brady's grandmother. Puppy doesn't have a name yet.
Here's the first batch of pictures.
Pictures taken the morning of December 6 (click on an image to bring up a larger version):


Lindsay Lohan photographed by Alex Sainsbury for the September/October 2014 issue of Wonderland Magazine.
My baby called me and told me she is running for Vice President, and wanted to read me her speech.
I couldn’t be more proud of her.So they had the election and she didn’t win, her little heart is so broken. It’s ok though, when she’s changing the world and becomes the president of this fucked up ass country she’ll look back on this. Win or lose I’m my baby’s biggest fan
Would you guys mind doing me a favor? I normally wouldn’t ask you all to do this but would you reblog this so I can show my sister? All of the notes will count as all the votes she didn’t get. I just want her to feel better and I think this would warm her little heart.
the whitewashing of nail art culture fucking infuriates me
ATTENTION ALL DOG OWNERS AND DOG LOVERS
DO NOT FEED YOUR DOG BUSY BONES!!!
See that adorable little fluff ball? His name was Gizmo, he was one of the happiest little pup pups that I have ever seen. He loved his family and every minute he cold spend with my mom.
One day, we gave him a busy bone as a treat. A few hours after eating it, he starting acting really odd. He wasn’t acting odd and barely reacted to anything.
We didn’t really think anything of it because he was a pretty odd little pup and we thought he just he had to poop or something. So we went to bed and everything like normal.
The next day, he was even worse. He didn’t move at all, and threw up everything he tried to eat or drink. My mom called the vet and they said to just let it go for the night because he was probably just a little ill.
Gizmo just kept getting worse and worse. He could barely life his head and laid around all day long. Finally, my mom brought him into the vet and she told them about what was going on and they decided to do an X-Ray on him.
After the results came in, they noticed a large blockage in Giz’s intestines. They called my mom so she could bring him in for emergency surgery.
After surgery, the vet came out with a sample of what was blocking his intestines. As soon as my mom saw it, she knew exactly what it was.
They said they extracted as much as they could, but it was hard because he was only about 10 pounds and surgery is hard on little dogs. We picked him up from the vet a few hours later so he could have a chance to wake up. When we picked him up, he was still under the anesthesia and not very responsive. We still brought him home because it was either that or leave him at the vet overnight alone.
When we got home, all of my other animals got next to the kennel to see what was wrong.
About an hour after getting home, Gizmo passed away at only 4 years old.
I then wrote a very angry letter to Purina (the owners of Busy Bone) telling them what happened. I heard back the next day, and we started our claim.
They talked to Gizmo’s vet who told them is was definitely the Busy Bone that had caused his death. Purina paid us for the cost of the surgery just to shut us up and left us.
I am telling you this story as a warning, I know that Busy Bones are a popular treat to give dogs, but I am begging you
Please do not feed your dogs Busy Bones.
Gizmo’s life couldn’t be saved, but your dog still has a chance.
In honor of Autumn coming soon, here are some happy dogs that love the fall weather are aren’t afraid to show it. Have a great day everyone.
I threw up my Picard Day piece on my old Society 6, now you can have Picard all over your clothes and bedding and rugs and shower and clocks and whatever else. Get it here!
alright alright alright alright alright alright alright alright alright alright alright alright
- Had traction at the chiropractor
- Made lunch (pbj, cottage cheese, apple)
- Ran errands
- Cooked dinner (root veg bake w/yellow rice)
- Took a shower


If you can’t bear to be parted from your faithful furry friends, why not bring them with you so they too can enjoy a Cornwall holiday staying in one of our dog-friendly cottages or lodges.
Cottages and lodges are in the setting of our wonderful hotel grounds of landscaped gardens and ancient woodland, with lovely views of gently rolling hills over to Par Beach, so plenty of opportunities for scenic ‘walkies’.
For just £15 reservation supplement per dog per night, you can be accompanied by up to two dogs for your stay, saving you the trouble and expense of dog sitters or kennels. A large fleecy blanket is provided to keep them snug, and ‘poo’ bags to keep our grounds mess free. We simply ask you observe a few house rules, for the comfort of all our guests!
Wyndham Trenython Manor is Dog-Friendly!


I should begin with a confession. One of my all-time favourite movies is a film called Homeward Bound. It tells the story of an epic journey taken by three house pets to find their families. So, when I stumbled upon A Dog’s Way Home, I knew this would be right up my street.
Written by New York Times bestselling author W. Bruce Cameron and Cathryn Michon, this movie chronicles the life of adorable Bella (voiced by Bryce Dallas Howard) and her owner Lucas (Jonah Hauer-King) and his mom (Ashley Judd).
From their first meeting, to all the fun times they spend together, Bella and Lucas literally become the best of friends. However, when Bella is forced to chase away a particularly troublesome squirrel, she suddenly finds herself many, many miles from home. Sad and lonely for her pal Lucas, Bella decides that she must get back to her home and sets out on an epic 400-mile journey!
What ensues is a bittersweet tale of adventure and resilience that truly shows us (as if there was ever any doubt) that dogs really are a man’s best friend.
Anyone who has ever loved a dog will love this movie, anyone who has ever had a best friend will love this movie … anyone who has a heart will love this movie.


Copper Basin Vet Clinic
We understand the special role your pet plays in your family and are dedicated to becoming your partner in your pets health care. We treat your pet as we would our own. Our goal is to practice the highest quality medicine and surgery with compassion and an emphasis on client education.
Our entire healthcare team is committed to providing personal attention to the unique concerns of each individual pet owner. Thank you for taking the time to read about our veterinary practice and the services we offer. We welcome your comments and suggestions. Please contact us at (706)492-4234 for all your pet health care needs.
Copper Basin Vet Clinic in McCaysville, GA is a
Due to the increase in Covid-19 cases, Copper Basin Veterinary Clinic had decided to reinstate our curbside services. We will remain open during our normal business hours but ask that clients call the office at (706) 492-4234 when arriving to check in. One of our staff members will then greet you at your vehicle for intake information. If prescriptions are needed to be picked up, we ask that you give 24 hours notice before arriving to give our staff ample time to fill the prescriptions then call upon arrival and we will bring it out to you. We are grateful for your patience as we work to keep our clients and staff safe during these challenging times while still providing quality care for our patients.
Our entire healthcare team is committed to providing personal attention to the unique concerns of each individual pet owner.
I took our puppy to Dr. Mitchell for parvo treatment and he got the best care I could have dreamed about . The nurses were wonderful about giving us updates and letting us see him to check on him . They treated him as if it were their own pet in for treatment. Now he is healthy and doing great . Thank you.
Rachel Nicole Pitts Asci
I've always had great results with this clinic, yes they may be straight to the point but they get the job done at a very reasonable price unlike some others in the area with a 100 dollars just to see what they need to do and then a arm leg and your first born these guys will even work with your price range no unnecessary exams and treatments.
Copper Basin Vet Clinic is the best place to go with our pets. Dr. Mitchell and all the Staff working there are wonderful caring people ! We are extremely exited to hear that Dr. Boyd is a bird specialist ! Our dogs, cats and umbrella cockatoo thank each and every one of you for taking so good care of them.
They saved both my 6 month old beagles, Amber & Sophie, from parvo. As soon as they found out what was wrong they went right to work making them well. I am so grateful to them for taking such good care of my babies!! They are the best vet office around!


The internet is a scary place. It’s full of cat videos, memes, and people who are just waiting to take advantage of you. One way to cut down on the number of unsavory contacts you make is by selling your puppies online through craigslist.
This article will walk you through all the steps from posting an ad that stands out from the rest to navigating tricky conversations with potential buyers.
How Do I Post A Puppy For Sale On Craigslist?
If you’re looking to sell your new puppy, Craigslist is a great place to start. However, there are some things that need to be done before posting the ad.
In this blog post, I will explain how to properly post an ad for a dog on Craigslist and give tips for making it successful!
I’ll also share my experience from selling my own puppy on CL with links at the end of the article if you want more information.
1. Create An Ad
The craigslist site allows you to post ads on their site for free with or without an account using just your valid email address.
You need to list all the vital information about pets, including what they are looking for in a new home – whether it’s vet care at no cost, food donations only (so there won’t be any confusion about which type), etc.; if possible include pictures of yourself/pet(s).
Then state that “I will charge $x per month until this pet finds his perfect family! This small homing fee discourages potential abusers from responding.”
If posting online seems overwhelming then consider creating flyers around town instead of where people usually go during lunch break.
2. Question Your Potential Adopter
In this process, you can make sure that your pet is in good hands by asking potential adopters why they want to adopt and what kind of shelter or organization will take care of the dog.
Weight every answer before going any further into adoption with a vague response like “I don’t know” as well as making sure there has been no mention yet about having experience caring for another similar breed; if anything feels sketchy at all then back away slowly because these people might not be worth investing time into!
3. Make A Home Check
You can request a home visit with your potential adopter.
If the person refuses, you might want to rethink rehoming their dog until you know more about them and what they are really like in order for it not to be heartbreaking when things don’t work out between all parties involved (this goes vice versa too).
Additionally, make sure that any children or other pets living at the address will also accept petting-time from yours because if there isn’t mutual respect then no one deserves heartbreak over an unpaid disagreement; especially given how much these little ones miss playing fetch outside!
4. It’s Time To Re-Home
You can now let your perfect pet go! All that’s left for you to do is sign the contract and give them our veterinary records.
If everything goes well, explain their new routine so they will use it quickly; after which we’ll make sure there are no hiccups in getting settled with each other before letting this amazing couple take one of God’s finest on home adoption journey today- or any day since he doesn’t have an expiration date like some people might think.
Why Are Pet Sales Prohibited On Craigslist?
The use of online advertising sites is increasing, but beware – some individuals have attempted to steal pets and sell them on these ads.
Craigslist won’t allow it because it could get sued by its rightful owners if they find out later down the road that a stolen animal was advertised as being for sale or rent without any investigation into its authenticity first!
The problem with this? As much fun as having your pet back might be, what would happen when you discover after too late (i)the person who has been caring for him/her took off running.
Is It Bad To Sell A Dog On Craigslist?
To those who sell their dogs on craigslist, I have a message: the answer is no. Selling an animal like this causes them to suffer and even die from neglect or abuse by buyers that cannot properly care for them in order to meet the demands of profit margins required by advertisers such as yourself (the seller).
The result? Cages full of homeless retired racing greyhounds – not cute!
In addition to being cruel towards our fellow creatures – you are also doing something incredibly harmful toward society at large because these pets go straight into shelters where euthanasia rates hover around 80%.
Rules To Follow When You’re Selling A Dog On Craigslist
Rehoming your pet must be the most heartwrenching as an owner, due to circumstances that you lose your job or home.
Sickness injury can cause a need for relocation which will lead them far away from their current environment and friends–leaving them feeling lonely in another place without any familiar humans around who love him/her as family members do at first glance! Maintaining high breed dogs’ health may seem costly but it’s really worth every penny spent if one wants his dog looking handsome with healthy hair texture after grooming sessions are done.
A good photo is a must for pet owners who want to find homes for their dogs.
Prepare an informative description of your pup, including all the training it’s received and any special traits or interests you may know about!
You can also mention its medical history if it has one; be sure not to forget what treats they prefer over others – everyone loves food (or maybe more specifically…treats).
Be honest about your pet in order to find a good home for them. The more comfortable they are with their new surroundings, the less likely it will be that you’ll need to make any adjustments on either side when adopting out an animal from a shelter or rescue organization!
Signing contracts is important – as owner please make sure there’s paperwork stating what kind of care each party promises towards one another should anything happen between them later down the line (ie: if I break my leg).


Thanks to grants from The ASPCA® (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ®) and PetSmart Charities®, The Southeast Florida Spay/Neuter Coalition is receiving much-needed funding for costs associated with 4,600 targeted spay and neuter surgeries in an effort to reduce shelter intake and euthanasia of dogs and cats.
The key word here is targeted. Research and GIS analsyis determined that the highest number of dogs surrendered to shelters in Miami came from an area in Unincorporated Miami-Dade County near the Crossroads. Cats surrendered to shelters were highest in an area of Hollywood. The spay/neuter efforts will focus on these communities to encourage residents to have their pets sterilized, vaccinated and micro-chipped. The goal is reduce the number of unwanted animals born and help the pets in homes live longer healthier lives.
I will add that if you apply for a grant and ask for funds for such a project in general and are competing with a group that has a targeted geographic defined that will have the most impact, I'd give the funds to the second group.
I hope the groups will keep accurate records to see if this targeted approach works and can be replicated.


The Real House Pets of New York City
New Yorkers love their pets! In fact here in New York pets are family members…fur children or fur babies if you may… As a fur mom myself this page is dedicated to our pets and is intended to be a forum to share useful information about having a pet in NYC.
Message me with a picture of your fur child and I am happy to add them to the gallery. I also encourage you to share articles and information with me as you learn fun facts and important tips about being a pet owner in NYC so I can share with others!
Pet Friendly Articles
Selling Your Home? Is Your Listing ‘Pet-Friendly’?
By pointing out the aspects of your home that make it ‘pet-friendly’ in your listing, you’ll attract these buyers rather than alienate the 61% of American households that have a pet!
What to Do When Your Dog Meets the Co-op Board
It is not common, but there is a possibility a coop board could want to meet your pet. If this worries you speak to your broker and they can make sure to guide you to buildings that are the best fit for both you and your furry family member.
How Should I Prepare My Pet for a Co-Op Board Interview
With board packages prepped and ready for approval, there still might be a little more grooming to be done for your beloved canine to pass the pet interview. Potentially pesky dogs could be problematic when it comes to seeking approval of the coop Board, but here are some tried and true tips for success…
What you should know before you test your dog’s DNA
New York City co-op made headlines when it informed pet-owning residents that they had to produce documentation proving the breeds of their dogs. If the dog was a mix, the percentage of each breed had to be detailed in DNA testing..
TimeOut – Best Dog Friendly Restaurants!
Do you feel guilty whenever you leave your pup at home to go out to dinner with friends? We’ve all been there. Luckily, there are tons of dog-friendly restaurants throughout NYC whether you want to go out for brunch, grab one of the city’s best burgers or enjoy a refreshing beer while petting your furry compadre.
Pet Friendly Places in NYC
Hotels, Pet Sitters, Tourist Attractions, Restaurants, Retail Stores, Beaches, Parks and Transportation – All Pet Friendly Options! Feel free to message me with personal questions regarding your pet if you are relocating to NYC.


6219 S.E. Alexander Street, Hillsboro, OR 97123 503.356.2303
Welcome to Dogs Day Out
"A Day in the Park"
Dog daycare is a service that is quickly sweeping the nation because it meets the needs of so many dogs and their owners, and here's why... In today's busy world it's next to impossible for some dog owners to give their dogs the exercise and undivided attention they need every day. Being left at home alone, day after day, makes any dog anxious, lonely, or bored, leading to excessive barking, destructive habits or accidents. Dogs love to run, jump, wrestle, romp and play, and dogs by nature are very social creatures and thrive in an atmosphere that allows them to socialize with other friendly canines. Wether on a daily basis or a couple days a week, dogs desperately need a proper outlet for all that energy so they can become better companions, and that's just what we encourage and provide here at Dogs Day Out.
THIS WEBSITE IS CURRENTLY UNDERGOING SOME RENOVATIONS. WE APPRECIATE YOUR PATIENCE WHILE WE WORK OUT THE KINKS. PLEASE CALL US IF YOU ARE HAVING TROUBLE ACCESSING ANY AREAS OF OUR WEBSITE AND WE WILL BE SURE TO HELP YOU OVER THE PHONE. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE
OFFICE NUMBER- 503-356-2303


Dr. Goodpet - Arthritis Relief Homeopathic Formula - 1 oz. (30 ml) :
- Dr. Goodpet Arthritis Relief Homeopathic Formula was selected as the Best Natural Product for Pets in 1996 by the readers of Pet Product News, the leading publication of the pet supplies industry.
- Ease your pet's muscle and joint pain naturally.
- Help is now available in the form of a homeopathic medicine used for many years in Europe by veterinarians and pet owners.
- Can be used as a natural alternative to Rimadyl, EtoGesic and Deramaxx without any of the toxic side-effects


The pug is a very small breed of dog. Pug’s signature signs: a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail. Pug puppies are loveable and cute.
The breed has a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colors, and a compact square body with well-developed muscle. Known in ancient China as lo-sze, they may have been responsible for both the modern Pekinese and King Charles spaniel. They have Chinese origins, but were popularised in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands and the House of Stuart of England, Ireland and Scotland. These are some pug puppies videos and pug puppies pictures:
Teacup pug puppies: newborn pug puppies
Tiny white pug puppy video
Pug puppy pictures


Introduction to the Cleo Diet for Dogs
The Cleo Diet for Dogs is a revolutionary approach to canine nutrition, focusing on providing dogs with a diet that closely resembles what their wild ancestors consumed. This diet primarily consists of raw, unprocessed foods, and aims to eliminate artificial additives and fillers commonly found in commercial dog food.
Dogs are cherished members of our families, not just house pets. We want the best for them, especially when it comes to their health and well-being. The Cleo Diet for dogs, often referred to as the raw food diet for canines, has been gaining popularity for its potential to transform your dog’s health and vitality. In this article, we will delve into the Cleo Diet for dogs, understanding its principles, benefits, and how to incorporate it into your pet’s life.
Outline of the Article
- Introduction to the Cleo Diet for Dogs
- Understanding the Importance of Canine Nutrition
- The History of the Cleo Diet
- Key Principles of the Cleo Diet a. Raw Food b. High-Quality Proteins c. Healthy Fats d. Limited Carbohydrates
- Benefits of the Cleo Diet for Dogs a. Improved Digestion b. Shinier Coat and Healthier Skin c. Enhanced Energy Levels d. Weight Management
- Transitioning Your Dog to the Cleo Diet
- Dos and Don’ts of the Cleo Diet a. Dos b. Don’ts
- Common Misconceptions about the Cleo Diet
- Is the Cleo Diet Suitable for All Dogs?
- Consultation with a Veterinarian
- Personalized Meal Plans
- Real-Life Success Stories
- Cleo Diet vs. Commercial Dog Food
- Cost Considerations
Understanding the Importance of Canine Nutrition
Dogs need a healthy, balanced diet to flourish, just like people do. The right nutrition can make a significant difference in their overall health, longevity, and happiness. A well-rounded diet can lead to improved energy levels, a shinier coat, better digestion, and a healthier immune system.
The History of the Cleo Diet
The Cleo Diet draws inspiration from the Paleolithic diet, which suggests that dogs should consume food similar to what their wolf ancestors ate in the wild. This diet’s name, “Cleo,” is a playful twist on the word “Paleo.”
Key Principles of the Cleo Diet
1. Raw Food
The core of the Cleo Diet is the consumption of raw foods. This includes raw meat, bones, and organs, which provide essential nutrients and mimic a dog’s natural diet in the wild.
2. High-Quality Proteins
Proteins are crucial for a dog’s muscle development and overall health. The Cleo Diet emphasizes high-quality sources of protein, such as lean meats and fish.
3. Healthy Fats
Healthy fats, like those found in fish and flaxseed, are essential for a dog’s skin and coat health, as well as for maintaining their energy levels.
4. Limited Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are minimized in the Cleo Diet, as dogs do not require them in large quantities. This helps prevent weight gain and promotes stable blood sugar levels.
Benefits of the Cleo Diet for Dogs
- Improved Digestion
The Cleo Diet is known to improve digestion and reduce common gastrointestinal issues such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea.
- Shinier Coat and Healthier Skin
The high-quality fats in the Cleo Diet can lead to shinier coats and healthier skin, reducing itching and allergies.
2. Enhanced Energy Levels
A diet rich in raw, nutritious foods can boost your dog’s energy levels and overall vitality.
3. Weight Management
With fewer carbohydrates and a focus on lean proteins, the Cleo Diet can help manage your dog’s weight effectively.
Transitioning Your Dog to the Cleo Diet
Transitioning your dog to the Cleo Diet should be done gradually to prevent digestive upsets. Start by mixing small amounts of raw food with their current diet and increase the ratio over time.
- Do provide a variety of raw foods to ensure balanced nutrition.
- Do consult with a veterinarian to create a personalized diet plan.
- Do monitor your dog’s health during the transition.
- Don’t feed your dog cooked bones, as they can splinter and cause harm.
- Don’t forget to balance their diet with the right proportions of protein, fats, and organs.
- Don’t make abrupt dietary changes without consulting a professional.
Common Misconceptions about the Cleo Diet
There are misconceptions that the Cleo Diet can be expensive and time-consuming, but with proper planning, it can be both cost-effective and manageable.
Is the Cleo Diet Suitable for All Dogs?
While the Cleo Diet offers numerous benefits, it may not be suitable for all dogs. Puppies, pregnant or lactating dogs, and dogs with specific health conditions should have a customized diet plan.
Consultation with a Veterinarian
Before embarking on the Cleo Diet journey, it’s essential to consult with a veterinarian who can guide you in creating a diet plan tailored to your dog’s individual needs.
Personalized Meal Plans
Veterinarians can help create personalized meal plans based on your dog’s age, breed, and activity level, ensuring they receive the right balance of nutrients.
Real-Life Success Stories
Numerous dog owners have reported remarkable improvements in their pets’ health after switching to the Cleo Diet. These stories highlight the positive impact of this dietary approach.
Cleo Diet vs. Commercial Dog Food
Comparing the Cleo Diet to commercial dog food reveals the vast difference in ingredient quality, nutritional value, and overall health benefits.
Contrary to popular belief, the Cleo Diet can be cost-effective, especially when considering long-term savings on vet bills and improved health.
The Cleo Diet for dogs presents a compelling alternative to commercial dog food, focusing on natural, nutritious ingredients. By understanding its principles and consulting with a veterinarian, you can provide your furry friend with a diet that promotes health, vitality, and longevity.
- Is the Cleo Diet suitable for dogs of all ages?
- The Cleo Diet can be customized for dogs of all ages, but consult with a veterinarian for specific recommendations.
- Can I prepare Cleo Diet meals at home, or are there commercial options available?
- You can prepare Cleo Diet meals at home, but there are also commercial options with high-quality ingredients.
- Are there any potential risks associated with the Cleo Diet?
- Feeding raw food may carry a risk of bacterial contamination, so proper handling and hygiene are essential.
- How long does it take to transition a dog to the Cleo Diet successfully?
- The transition period varies, but a gradual switch over two to three weeks is typically recommended.
- What are some signs that my dog is thriving on the Cleo Diet?
- Signs of success include improved coat condition, increased energy, and overall better health and vitality.


Here in the mid-Atlantic, there’s no question that summer can get pretty hot. Asphalt absorbs this heat, making the ground nearly impossible to walk on when temperatures are in the 80s and above.
Not only is the asphalt too hot for you to walk on, it’s too hot for your dog! When walking your dog in the summer, you need to take precautions to avoid serious burns on your dog’s paws. Understanding when the asphalt becomes too hot to walk your dog can prevent injury.
The Anatomy of a Dog’s Foot
The first step in finding solutions to protecting your dog’s feet is to examine them. Many dogs have paw pads that are covered with fur, while short-haired dogs generally have much less protection.
Paw pads are great protectors from rough surfaces, shock absorption, and traction but are not fully immune to burns. It’s important to check the pads of your dog’s feet in order to assess their needs.
How to Tell When It’s Too Hot
Many people are under the assumption that the temperature of the air is the same temperature as the ground. However, asphalt pavement can be up to 60 degrees hotter than the surrounding air.
That being said, even if it seems like a nice and sunny day for walking outside, your dog’s paws may still not be able to withstand the heat of the pavement. In fact, it only takes 60 seconds for your dog’s paws to burn, even if the air temperature is not as hot.
The first solution to this problem is to avoid walking your dog on hot pavement or asphalt. Try and find stretches of grass, or shaded areas to keep your furry friends’ feet protected. This may include nighttime hours, as the density of the asphalt can hold the heat from the day throughout the evening.
PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, provides this piece of advice: “ Wherever possible, avoid walking in the middle of the day”, as these times can be the hottest of the day.
Ways to Protect Your Pooch’s Feet
If walking your dog on grass or shaded areas is not possible, a great alternative is to invest in some dog shoes or socks. Not only are they cute on your fur-baby, but they provide an extra layer of protection and comfort to your pet to keep them healthy and happy.
If your dog isn’t used to wearing foot protection, you may need to get them used to the feeling. Try putting them on your pet in the house and let them get a feel for the booties. There are endless varieties of these shoes, coming in different colors, sizes, thicknesses, and styles. Dog shoes are a simple, cheap, and effective way to protect your animal from burns.
In addition to shoes or socks for your animal, paw wax is another great and non-toxic alternative. Easy to apply by simply rubbing a dime-sized amount all over your dogs’ paws provides a protective barrier for their paw pads. This special wax dries in seconds and only needs to be reapplied once every few days to a week, depending on the activeness of your pet.
In conclusion, try and schedule walks for the morning and evening hours, or in shaded areas or parks. Additionally, investing in dog shoes and paw wax is a fantastic way to keep your pet safe and happy.
Connect With Pro-Pave, Inc.
Pro-Pave, Inc. has established a reputation as one of the Washington, DC area’s most reliable paving companies. We know everything to know about asphalt paving.
We currently offer these asphalt services for roads, parking lots, and more: Excavation, Asphalt Stone Work, Asphalt Grading, Asphalt Paving, Asphalt Patching, Asphalt Milling, Asphalt Sealcoating, Asphalt Crack Sealing, and Asphalt Striping and Signage.


Date Lost: 10/19/2017
Area pet was lost in: Cutler Bay – Lost
Contact Phone: (305) 794-8471
Contact Email: email@example.com
Pet Gender: Female
Pets Name: Lily
Approximate Age: 3 months
Lily recently had a surgery so the side of her neck is shaved and should be easily recognizable. Lily has pretty blue eyes! She was taken for walk last night and ran off.


We are well-seasoned pet owners, with all the animals we’ve had over the years at the request of our children including dogs and cats, tropical fish and guinea pigs among others. We supported our children when they wanted to breed beagles and we even became presenters ourselves. This was a great experience for us, but we were just starting our retirement and we wanted to shift our focus to cat breeding, which was more suited to our lifestyle. That way, we could continue doing all our activities (being retired doesn’t mean being idle) without always having to come home at specific times to take the dog out, wondering if he was barking, bothering the neighbours, etc. We wanted a certain amount of autonomy and also to share a common hobby: our passion for cats.
Because they are great for family life, with or without kids, active couples or people who are more sedentary. Their capacity to adapt is extraordinary!
We are a family-style breeder and the wellbeing of our cats is our priority. Our cats live with us and share the house with us, which allows them to be socialized at a very young age. Siberian cats are big with a strong physique. They are confident, quickly set at ease, not easily frightened or on the defensive. They like to be held and caressed and they have a magnificent fur coat that is incredibly soft. This is why we can say that these are ideal cats for the whole family, from the youngest to oldest, with parents, friends and visitors to the cattery in between. Of course the fact that they are hypoallergenic allows our friends who are hypersensitive to cats to visit without having to constantly take antihistamines.
For me, I have spent my life learning about psychology and human behaviour. My training is in nursing and neuro linguistic programming. I have a real affinity for humanist and holistic practices and when I heard about animal ethology and behaviourism, I didn’t hesitate a second. I signed up for the first courses offered by CHATS CANADA CATS. Learning about the behaviour, language and communication methods of cats has brought me so much. I can further advise our clients, help them throughout the cat’s adaptation in their new environment and answer their questions about their cat’s unfavourable behaviours. Our cattery’s reputation is based on the quality of the cats but also our clients’ satisfaction. It has been shown that part of the overpopulation problem in shelters is due to kittens sold without having been sterilized as well as people getting fed up by kittens’ immaturity.
Taken from the Toika Cattery’s website
Michèle Ann Desaulniers-Gamache


In this blog, I put pics and info about homeless animals that need to be adopted out to new homes. No breeders though, sorry! Only homeless animals. I will only put a breeders animal when I can't find a homeless animal to put on
Friday, August 10, 2007
Hey everyone! Just thought I'd let you know that I'm back from girls camp! It was so much fun! If you'd like to see more information about what we did at Girls Camp, go to my other blog/website at: www.prettypurses.blogspot.com! Thanks and ttyl!
Hi! I am a person that is caring to all creatures and am hoping that my blog, Animal Hangout, will help some homeless animals out a bit. I am also very creative and am selling some of my hand-made, one-of-a-kind purses. You can visit either of my blogs, any time you like! I woudl absolutly love it if you would leave comments on either, or (preferably) both. Thanks!


Cat ownership isn’t too much of a challenge, but it’s worthwhile knowing some key activities that will help keep them healthy. Read on…
- Ensure they have enough space to get the right amount of physical stimulation. Pets, like people, fall out of shape if they don’t obtain enough exercise. Help your cat avoid behavioural and medical issues by ensuring it has plenty of room to explore, play and rest in private. You can even provide a stimulating atmosphere for cats by scattering a variety of toys about their home.
- Make time for psychological exercise as well. For mental health, 15 minutes of mental exercise is equivalent to 1 hour of physical play. The more mental stimulation we provide our pets, the less likely they are to develop undesired habits. You might introduce a cat activity centre to your home and use a unique food-dispensing ball to feed your cat. Allow your cat to sniff about in the yard for hidden treasures by scattering a handful of food. There are plenty of things you can do to entertain their natural curiosity.
- At home, provide proper oral care. Cats also have teeth that are at their healthiest when clean. Brush your cat’s teeth at least once a day. Provide an enzymatic chew as an alternative to help reduce tartar buildup, tooth problems, and foul breath. Not possible? Ensure they have regular vet visits that involve dental care.
- Visit the veterinarian at least once or twice a year for your cat for check-ups. Discuss not only dental care but vaccinations, tick and flea treatments, worming and grooming. And don’t forget to get cat insurance. Cat insurance plays a very important role in reducing the burden of medical expenses when it’s a critical time for your pet. And today, you can easily get insurance for pets online.
- Have a good time with your pet! Take advantage of the time you have with your cat. They will be a senior before you realise it, and you’ll be left wondering where the years have gone. Make a deep connection with your cat. They adore you wholeheartedly, don’t forget that.
Hopefully, the above tips will help you prolong your cat’s life so you can enjoy their company for as long as possible.


WHAT IS COLD PRESSED?
Cold pressing is a unique manufacturing process. Our premium quality ingredients contain all the necessary nutrients for a healthy and balanced diet. To preserve these nutrients we avoid the use of high temperatures and steam when preparing the dog food. The original components are carefully mixed together and put into a press to form pellets which are ideal for the dog’s manner of chewing. The mixture is funneled into a mould which forms the pellet in a unique procedure without steam and high temperatures. We do this with our specially designed cooling process. The ingredients retain their nutrients, flavor and do not gelatinize to ensure optimal digestion.
We have prepared our unique dog food this way for over 50 years. You will see the difference… we guarantee it.
Natural Chicken – Game – Fish Formula
We only use Premium ingredients for your Best Friend’s diet. We want your dog to live a healthy and happy life. We have prepared our unique dog food this way for over 50 years.
Markus-Muehle constantly strives to optimize and improve this method of production, to lower temperatures further to retain the secondary plant and nutritional value of the ingredients as much as possible.


IndiPetShop.com is a leading pet stores online. It showcases a comprehensive product range including Dog Supplies and Food, Cat Supplies and Food, Fish Supplies, Small Animal Supplies and Bird Supplies along with services that include grooming and photography.
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IndiPetShop.com offers you an extensive array of pet supplies, especially dog and cat supplies. You can find bowls, kennels, beds, chokers, clippers, balls and toys, crates, collars and leashes, cages, feeders and a number of other accessories that keep your pet clean, safe and comfortable. Buying them is also as easy and fast as the snap of a finger. Order them online and have them delivered to you in perfect shape and at the right time.
Be it canned food, dry food, biscuits, supplements, dental treats, meat and veg treats or more, you can be sure of finding the best quality at IndiPetShop.com. They have some of the best brands and the most popular products for you to go for. They are healthy, diet-conscious and certified by experts. Be it dogs, cats, birds, fishes or any other small animals that you may nurture as your pet, you are sure to find the right choice of diet for him or her at IndiPetShop.
Apart from pet products sold here, IndiPetShop.com also specializes in pet services. They have a grooming salon where the pets are taken care of and made to look prim and proper! Hygiene is primary for the health of any pet and good grooming is essential. IndiPetShop also handles pet photography. So if you need a lovely picture of your pets and you, this is where you should look!
IndiPetShop.com, one of the largest and fastest growing pet stores online, offers you a wide range of pet food and supplies along with services that include grooming and photography. Their products are high-quality, nutritious and healthy. Buying from them is safe and your payments are secured. Once you purchase your products from IndiPetShop, it is delivered on time and could be tracked online too whenever you wish to know the status. Products sold include Dog Supplies and Food, Cat Supplies and Food, Fish Supplies, Small Animal Supplies and Bird Supplies.
IndiPetShop Corporate Address
IndiPetShop.com M/s Factual Ideas
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The holidays are fun, even for pets, but the season brings added danger for animal companions. Learn to recognize and manage holiday hazards to keep your pet safe during the festivities. If you ha ...View Article
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My dog loves going to the vet now. So happy we found them!
Pet Emergency? Read no further and call us right away!
Our Mission Statement
Our mission is to provide state-of-the-art veterinary medicine and surgery for the pets of South Florida. We strive to do this with an emphasis on compassion, and on recognizing and honoring the deep bond that exists between our clients and their companion animals.
South Federal Animal Hospital has been in the same location since 1969. Our founder, Dr. Joe Kashner, is now retired, and his partner of 26 years, Dr. Al Meilan, is the Hospital Director. Throughout these years, we have been fortunate to know many wonderful people, and our memories of unforgettable and extraordinary pets are bountiful.
Our hospital is very proud of our status as an accredited member hospital of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). This prestigious accomplishment is achieved by submitting to thorough periodic inspections of all the different aspects of a veterinary office, including medical records, surgery, anesthesia, radiology, and hospital husbandry. Less than 15% of all animal hospitals in the United States can claim this honor, and it is a clear indication of quality and high standards in our profession.
At South Federal Animal Hospital, we treat your pets like the valued family members they are.
Alberto L. Meilan, D.V.M. and Robin Stelljes, D.V.M.
Fort Lauderdale Veterinarian | South Federal Animal Hospital | 954-523-8527
1100 S. Federal Hwy
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316


The benefits of flea treatment.
You get to find that if you have a pet, it too can get infested by pests, you, therefore, need to make sure that at no time will this ever get to happen, meaning, you need to conduct the best prevention measures, you get to find that the cause of such problems is always from the playing around with other animals, meaning, that you cannot get to ground your pet.
Therefore, you do need to know of how you can best be able to deal with the fleas, that is, getting to always make sure that you can conduct some prevention measures, this means that you will eventually have the ability to making sure that your pet can always get to have an amazing time playing with other pets and it also can get to save you some stress, that is, wondering how best you can get rid of the fleas.
However, at times, it might be too late to conduct some control measures; therefore, you will need to look for the best means of getting rid of fleas, both the best means will need you to make a decision between the chemical methods and non-chemical methods, for the chemical method, you get to find that it will be easier, all you need to do is give your pet a pill.
Therefore, you get to find that by use of chemicals, all you are doing is giving your pet a pill, one which will be absorbed into the blood thus making sure that it will all work to your benefit, that is, it will be able to eradicate the fleas in no time.
Therefore, getting to use some of the bathing shampoos available, you also find that you can remove any flea that might be on your dog or cat, this is another effective means since fleas are always on the outside of the body, however, it will get to depend with which your pet will prefer since if they do not have a problem being soaked up in water, it would be the best means to use.
In conclusion, you cannot get to succeed without knowing which pill would be the best for flea removal or even which flea shampoo would get to work best, getting to do so will require you to use the internet, one of the advantages which you will find is that there will be a variety to choose from, meaning, it will all become much easier to ensure that the pet or dog or cat gets the best treatment.
Support: read this


One of the victims of this present economic downturn is pets. With the housing crisis, soaring gas prices, escalating food bills and other economic pressures, people are finding that their income cannot cover the cost of keeping a pet. Many animal shelters are reporting peak capacity for their facilities. Pets are being abandoned at these shelters. People see no alternatives.
Two things that would help immensely are financial donations to your local shelters and finding suitable homes for these pets. These pets are there because of the financial problems of their owners – and not through any troublesome misbehaviour. They would be wonderful pets.
The problem with abandoned pets may parallel the economic trends. As everyone knows by their budget, the financial pressures show no signs of abating. For those who are looking for a pet, please consider these new residents at the animal shelter. Their numbers are growing.
Director of Operations


From Kris Butler: Dog training within our system begins with a board-and-train program at American Dog Obedience Center. A foundation for each dog involves teaching, in humane terms the dog can easily understand, what is needed and limits that define the relationship.
There are many methods for training dogs; yet there are very few systems. Dennis & I have attended seminars, read books & articles, and networked with trainers to study issues surrounding dog training myths & methodologies.We continue to do so. We have developed a dog & family training system that makes excellent use of high quality technology to (both) train dogs and prepare human family members to interact with their dogs. Today’s quality remote electronic collars (e-collars) are technological wonders because of the extremely LOW levels at which they can communicate. The technical quality of an e-collar is important and often overlooked. And so, we provide Dogtra e-collars. The price of the e-collar and Oklahoma sales tax are included in enrollment, and the collar goes home with the dog. We will work with nothing less.
Many canine behaviors that we humans consider inappropriate actually self-reward the dogs offering the behaviors. Certainly, it’s not enough to teach human family members to simply punish their dogs’ behaviors – dogs need to know what to do. Human family members must be taught to think pro-actively: “What can I require my dog to do that prevents him from doing what I don’t want him to do?” Herein lies the scientific difference between our unique use of collars as reinforcers and the harsh traditional use of collars as punishers.
The dogs we train don’t live in vacuums or laboratories, or in canine packs at wolf parks. Each dog we train is part of a unique human family. My virtual tool box includes a wide range of equipment and experiences from the masters of the dog training world. However, I’ve come to realize the (usually missing) key to success is in equipping my busy human clients with an uncomplicated system and the practical tools they need to require specific appropriate behaviors of their dogs.
People have fallen in love with this training system! Of course, dogs love the significant increases in participation within their families too. Dogs become reliable, including off leash, and they maintain a great attitude because they are able to understand clearly what is expected.
Following their dogs’ training at American Dog Obedience Center ‘s boarding school, our clients use their limited “dog” time at home in pursuit of achievable, realistic results with their dogs – even when other methods have previously failed.
As a result of this training system , the scope of interactions between my clients and their dogs usually broadens. They enjoy their time together! Often far more is possible than was imagined – and this re-energizes and enhances the entire relationship.