Sunspots and Solar Flares
Apr 08, · Solar flares are a sudden explosion of energy caused by tangling, crossing or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots. The surface of the Sun is a very busy place. It has electrically charged gases that generate areas of powerful . Mar 06, · A solar flare is an intense burst of radiation coming from the release of magnetic energy associated with sunspots. Flares are our solar system’s largest explosive events. They are seen as bright areas on the sun and they can last from minutes to hours.
Solar Flares. Click on image for larger version. Flare Characteristics Solar flares are tremendous explosions on the surface of the Sun. In a matter of just a few minutes they heat material to many millions of degrees and release as much energy as a billion megatons of TNT.
They occur near sunspots, usually along the dividing line neutral line between areas of oppositely directed magnetic fields. Flares release energy in many forms - electro-magnetic Gamma rays and X-raysenergetic particles protons and electronsand mass flows. Flares are characterized by their brightness in X-rays X-Ray flux.
The biggest flares are X-Class flares. Flare Observations Solar flares are often observed using filters to isolate the light emitted by hydrogen atoms in the red region of the solar spectrum the H-alpha spectral line. Most solar observatories have H-alpha telescopes and some observatories monitor the Sun for solar flares by capturing images of the Sun every few seconds. The images at the left are from the Big Bear Solar Observatory. The image at the upper left shows material erupting from a flare near the limb of the Sun on October 10th, The 4.
The image at the lower left shows a powerful flare observed on the disk of the Sun on August 7th, This is an example of a "two-ribbon" flare in which the flaring region appear as two what to put in pasta lines threading through the area between sunspots within a sunspot group.
See the 2. This particular flare, the "seahorse flare," produced radiation levels that would have been harmful to astronauts if a moon mission had been in progress at the time.
Flares and Magnetic Shear The key to understanding and predicting solar flares is the structure of the magnetic field around sunspots. If what are solar flares on the sun structure becomes twisted and sheared then magnetic field lines can cross and reconnect with the explosive release of energy.
In the image to the left the blue lines represent the neutral lines between areas of oppositely directed magnetic fields. Normally the magnetic field would loop directly across these lines from positive outward pointing magnetic field to negative inward pointing magnetic field regions. The small line segments show the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured with the MSFC Vector Magnetograph.
These lines and line segments overlie an image of a group of sunspots with a flaring region. The flare the bright area lies along a section of a neutral line where the magnetic field is twisted or sheared to point along the neutral line instead of across it.
We have found that this shear is a key ingredient in the production of solar flares. Flare Observations by Arnold O. Solar Probe Plus. Solar Flare Review Articles. Web Links. Government and Space Weather. Author: Dr. David H. Hathaway, dave. David McKenzie david.
What are sunspots and solar flares?
Solar flares are often observed using filters to isolate the light emitted by hydrogen atoms in the red region of the solar spectrum (the H-alpha spectral line). Most solar observatories have H-alpha telescopes and some observatories monitor the Sun for solar flares by capturing images of the Sun every few seconds. Jun 08, · Solar Flares (Radio Blackouts) Solar flares are large eruptions of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun lasting from minutes to hours. The sudden outburst of electromagnetic energy travels at the speed of light, therefore any effect upon the sunlit side of Earth’s exposed outer atmosphere occurs at the same time the event is observed. A flare is defined as a sudden, rapid, and intense variation in brightness. A solar flare occurs when magnetic energy that has built up in the solar atmosphere is suddenly released.
The surface of the Sun is a very busy place. It has electrically charged gases that generate areas of powerful magnetic forces. These areas are called magnetic fields. This motion creates a lot of activity on the Sun's surface, called solar activity. Other times, things are a bit quieter. The amount of solar activity changes with the stages in the solar cycle.
Solar activity can have effects here on Earth, so scientists closely monitor solar activity every day. Sunspots are areas that appear dark on the surface of the Sun.
The temperature of a sunspot is still very hot though—around 6, degrees Fahrenheit! Why are sunspots relatively cool? These magnetic fields are so strong that they keep some of the heat within the Sun from reaching the surface. In this image, you can see an active region on the sun with dark sunspots.
The magnetic field lines near sunspots often tangle, cross, and reorganize. This can cause a sudden explosion of energy called a solar flare. Solar flares release a lot of radiation into space.
If a solar flare is very intense, the radiation it releases can interfere with our radio communications here on Earth. A loop of solar material, a coronal mass ejection CME , can also be seen rising up off the right limb of the Sun.
Solar flares are sometimes accompanied by a coronal mass ejection CME for short. CMEs are huge bubbles of radiation and particles from the Sun. When charged particles from a CME reach areas near Earth, they can trigger intense lights in the sky, called auroras. When particularly strong, a CME can also interfere in power utility grids, which at their worst can cause electricity shortages and power outages.
Solar flares and CMEs are the most powerful explosions in our solar system. Sunspots and Solar Flares. The Short Answer:. Solar flares are a sudden explosion of energy caused by tangling, crossing or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots.
More about the Sun! What is the solar cycle? What is the Sun's corona? Make Sun paper! If you liked this, you may like: What Is the Solar Cycle? What Is Space Weather? What Causes the Seasons? More Less.


James Gosling received a BSc in Computer Science from the University of Calgary, Canada in 1977. He received a PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1983. The title of his thesis was `The Manipulation of Algebraic Constraints'. He is currently a Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems. He has built satellite data acquisition systems, a multiprocessor version of Unix, several compilers, mail systems and window managers. He has also built a WYSIWYG text editor, a constraint based drawing editor and a text editor called `Emacs' for Unix systems. At Sun his early activity was as lead engineer of the NeWS window system. More recently he has been the lead engineer for the Java/HotJava system.


Brief details of David Edwards' career as an Engineer
I graduated with an Honours degree in Engineering in 1973.
I only worked for the Navy Department
for 9 months. Six months was spent at
This job entailed designing, constructing, testing and then writing articles about a wide variety of electronic equipment, ranging from electric trains through toys, hi fi equipment to microprocessors.
The highlight of my time at "Electronics
Australia" was meeting and very quickly becoming engaged to Kerry, whom I
At CSIRO, my main responsibility was the maintenance, repair and calibration of the scientific equipment on RV Franklin.
RV Franklin near
I participated in many cruises, and had much fun while performing serious work.
underwater camera system controlled by a microprocessor
based timer that I designed and constructed in 1995.
1998 - 2002 Senior Electrical Engineer, ERICO
At ERICO, I designed a range of Surge Filters. The specs can be found at:
I also performed lightning and surge
protection surveys throughout
2002 - 2006 Lecturer and Senior Research
I lectured in Electrical and
Electronic Engineering in the
I also developed custom instrumentation to measure the resistance of large parallel connected water cooled cables. This system is now being sold commercially.
Water Cooled Cable
Measurement System (WCCMS) instrumentation.
A 3 phase system has 3 Current measuring Units (CMU).
Current Sense Units (CSU’s) and Calibration Jig
· 2006 - present Applications Engineer, GridSense, Meadowbank NSW
Back to Edwards Family home page
Last updated 12 May 2010 Copyright © David Edwards 2006-2010


Augmented reality is the technology that got into our lives relatively recently, but for sure will stick with us for a long period. And to prepare you for AR age, we gathered the few things, which definitely help to understand this “sci-fi” tech that is already taking place in the global world.
Fact #1. First things first, AR is not VR
Virtual reality in its basis gives a glance at the whole new world by replacing the real with a simulative version. Instead of it, augmented reality complements the actual world with digital objects and images (3D models, projections, overlays). By using a variety of AR devices we can oversee both physical and virtual reality in real-time and in 3D.
You also could hear about mixed reality. Someone even may call it AR cousin or younger sibling. The term MR, in comparing with AR and VR, appeared recently and means combining the best of two words — augmented and virtual reality. It helps to see the real and digital world both at once, as AR, but the user can interact with the virtual side at the more advanced level, as in VR.
Fact #2. AR has already been here for a while
The first essential step in AR development was made in far 1968 when the computer scientist Ivan Sutherland created the HMD system, which showed the real world overlaid by computer graphics. Five decades later we can experience AR with the help of smartphone, tablets, headsets or, in some cases, PC.
Today’s devices use its software, sensors and digital projectors to insert virtual objects onto the physical world. Currently, there are few types of augmented reality, which can be shown by one or another gadget:
- Projection-based AR (projects digital images on physical objects in the real world);
- Recognition-based AR (scanned AR markers are replaced with the digital image);
- Location-based AR (by using GPS, compass and accelerometer, the location image is overlaid with the relevant information);
- Outlining AR (works a bit like projection-based AR, usually is used in architecture and engineering to outline the boundaries);
- Superimposition based AR (uses object recognition to replace the entire real object or just a part of it with an augmented view).
For example, the Google Glass, which attracted a lot of attention in 2013, created augmented content by displaying 2D images onto see-through glasses. Instead of it, today’s market leader Microsoft’s HoloLens sets 3D images into the surrounding world. In 2018 we are expecting to see another one AR headset, Magic Leap One, which, probably, will have even more progressive technologies to expand the AR abilities.
Fact #3. AR is unstoppable
Until recently, the “augmented reality” could be called exotic and outlandish term, and only the fans of sci-fi would understand it. But, the last couple of years, especially after Pokemon Go tremendous success, this phrase is buzzing around the world.
The augmented reality is developing rapidly and soon will become part of our day-to-day lives.In 2014 the revenue from the AR app was about $5 billion, but specialists’ predict for 2020 the revenues from VR and AR hardware and software will reach the number of $162 billion. Well-known AR app Pokemon Go during the first 90 days after deployment generated $600 million, more than all VR games during 2016.
The augmented reality companies, such as Sony, Microsoft, Niantic, etc., are working on app and software development, trying to enhance users’ experience. And AR industry is not a place only for big technologies companies. In November 2017 there were 1,261 augmented reality startup companies, while early that year it was accounted only 737, which consisted 71% of growth during the 9 months.
Fact #4. Even NASA uses AR
One of the first AR mobile applications were navigation apps. And even NASA estimated the benefits of augmented reality in this sphere and in 1999 NASA’s spacecraft x-38 was equipped with a special AR navigation dashboard.
Best known for entertainment goals, AR now has a varied range of usage. It has impacted almost every side of life, including retail and e-commerce, education, tourism, sports, manufacturing, healthcare, marketing, military and art.
Thousand of AR mobile applications are already available in both major app stores. And it is expected, that the number will fastly increase after releasing Apple ARKit.
Fact #5. AR is here to improve our lives
The Pokemon Go hysteria made people go outside and walked miles in a hope to catch a new 3D Pokemon. And now a numerous AR app offers users to change their lives in a better way. Besides the augmented reality helps to stay fit, we can name a few other improvements it brings to everyday life.
Obtain deeper knowledge — an even simple visiting museum with the help of AR become more interactive and noticeable. Imagine how more convenient can be studying in the schools and universities when students can see the see educational materials in 3D format.
Improve your health — we believe that the AR usage in most hospitals around the world will take place in nearest future due to its underestimating help in determine patients’ conditions and to diagnose.
Explore surroundings environment — the AR navigations apps give chance not only orientate on the ground, but help to plan your trip and the AR hotel room tours make the choice of accommodations much easier.
Try before you buy — AR in online shopping bring the benefits for both consumers and retailers: the first know, what they buy, the second — not lose money on returns.
From our side, we are sure that we’ll see an even bigger development and wider implementation of AR technologies in all sphere of life — will it be via the headsets, smart glasses, smartphones or even smart lenses. Soon, we’ll find it.
Intele.Chat is part of the Conversational Commerce Group and we help South African clients leverage conversational commerce technologies be they human powered, augmented or fully automated using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the B2B & B2C sales and marketing interface, bringing improvement and efficiency to your sales and service operations. We work with LinkedIn, social media platforms, Zendesk and Conversica. We also specialize in AI sales and service assistants used by hundreds of clients around the world to reach out and qualify sales and service leads 24×7, verify contact information, collect requirements, and set appointments. Intele.Chat serves clients in the Southern Africa region. To learn more and book an appointment / demo visit www.intele.chat


IP address of a switch is a default portal in your system association, you can get to your switch through electronic setup and this entrance you to change settings through web, for example, User name and secret word including name of Wi-Fi arrange, this online setup of your switch empowers to change settings just as review data, for example, your switch ID to get to it, so IP address of your switch is significant on the grounds that utilizing switch IP address you can get to switch electronic setup page, where you can adjust switch settings.
By and large every switch have two diverse IP locations named as Local Area Network LAN and Wide Area Network WAN, we utilize Local Area Network as inside system and we utilize Wide Area Network WAN as association and utilized for association of ideal on the web, LAN is more secure and quicker than wide zone association WAN, WANs normally require at least two of LANs to be associated over the open Internet or through a private association built up by an outsider media communications supplier.
Discover Router’s IP Address in Windows:
As you realize that your switch IP address is “Default Gateway” in your system association, you can discover switch IP address in windows in two distinct techniques one is utilizing CMD and another is sing framework settings(Control board >Network and web > Ethernet),
Discover Router’s IP Address with CMD in Windows:
You can without much of a stretch and rapidly discover 192.168.1.1 Default entryway address of switch utilizing Command Prompt by utilizing direction “ipconfig”in Command Prompt CMD.
Discover Router’s IP Address with Control Panel in Windows:
Right off the bat make click on Start catch and make a quest for “control board,” and after that hit Enter or press WIN + R in console and type “Control Panel” and press enter to open Control board.
At that point click on “View arrange status and undertakings” underneath or under “System and Internet”
At that point click on Ethernet alternative in the upper right corner of the “System and Sharing Center” window and in the “Ethernet Status” window click the “Subtleties” catch as appeared beneath picture.
Discover Router’s IP Address with CMD in Windows
In the wake of clicking of “Subtleties” on “Ethernet Status” window you will see window containing your Default entryway address.
That is it simply pursue above system to discover routerIP address in windows, discover switch’s IP address utilizing CMD in windows,find switch’s IP address utilizing control board in windows.
Discover Router IP Address in Mac OS X:
On the off chance that you are utilizing MAC OS X, you can discover switch IP address in straight forward, to do this snap on Apple menu and afterward select ‘Framework Preferences’ and select “System Icon” under framework inclinations, at that point click on cutting edge alternatives under Network symbol.
Most importantly make a tick on “Apple Menu” present at top of your screen.
At that point select “Framework Preferences” and the select “System Icon” under “Framework Preferences” as appeared beneath picture.
Discover Router IP Address in Mac OS X
At that point select name of your Wi-Fi switch under “System Icon” at that point click the “Propelled” catch at the base of the screen.
Subsequent to Clicking “Progressed” select the “TCP/IP” tab. You’ll see your switch’s IP address namedas “Switch”.
That is it simply pursue underneath system to discover switch IP address in MAC OS X.
Discover Your Router’s IP Address on the iPhone and iPad:
To Find switch IP address on iPhone and iPad first experience given way Settings > Wi-Fi> name of your Wi-Fi arrange, at that point You’ll see the switch’s IP address recorded as “Router”.That’s it simply pursue beneath technique to discover switch IP address in MAC OS X.
Discover Your Router’s IP Address in Android:
Android doesn’t give an approach to see IP address of your switch, yet numerous outsider android applications will give data about direct portal of your switch, so we utilize some applications to discover switches IP address in android, for example, WI-FI analyzer and so on.,
On the off chance that you have WI-FI analyzer application on your advanced mobile phone, simply pursue given beneath strategy to check remote switch IP address.
As a matter of first importance open “WI-FI Analyzer” application and tap on view “Menu” alternative.
At that point tap on “AP List” under menu choice, at that point select name of your system associated with your PC.
At that point window will show up with more data about your system. You’ll discover the switch’s location recorded as “Entryway”.
That is it simply pursue above system to get remote switch IP address in android telephone.
Discover Router’s IP Address in Linux:
Most Linux work areas have a system symbol in their notice region, so you can click this system symbol and afterward select “Association Information”, at that point IP address showed beside “Default Route” or “Entryway” as appeared underneath picture.
That is it simply pursue above technique to get remote switch IP address in Linux or Ubuntu.
So these are the means to discover remote switch IP address and on the off chance that you need to discover your switch IP address simply pursue above procedures to discover effectively, following the means and technique you would ready to discover the switches IP addresses on Windows PC, IPad, iPhone just as utilizing the Mac OS X gadget.


Nokia 6 smartphone was launched in January 2017. The phone comes with a 5.50-inch touchscreen display with a resolution of 1080 pixels by 1920 pixels at a PPI of 403 pixels per inch.
The Nokia 6 is powered by 1.1GHz octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 processor processor and it comes with 4GB of RAM. The phone packs 64GB of internal storage that can be expanded up to 128GB via a microSD card. As far as the cameras are concerned, the Nokia 6 packs a 16-megapixel primary camera on the rear and a 8-megapixel front shooter for selfies.
The Nokia 6 runs Android 7.0 and is powered by a 3000mAh non removable battery. It measures 154.00 x 75.80 x 7.85 (height x width x thickness) and weighs 167.00 grams.
The Nokia 6 is a dual SIM (GSM + CDMA and GSM + CDMA) smartphone that accepts . Connectivity options include Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth, USB OTG, FM, 3G and 4G (with support for Band 40 used by some LTE networks in India). Sensors on the phone include Compass Magnetometer, Proximity sensor, Accelerometer, Ambient light sensor and Gyroscope.
Nokia used to be one of the world’s biggest mobile phone manufacturers but it fell behind with the advent of iPhone and Android smartphones. In 2014, Nokia’s Devices and Services division was sold to Microsoft. In 2016, Finnish company HMD Global bought a part of Microsoft’s feature phone business and has a licensing agreement that allows it to make smartphones under the Nokia brand.
Nokia 6 detailed specifications
|Dimensions (mm)||154.00 x 75.80 x 7.85|
|Battery capacity (mAh)||3000|
|Screen size (inches)||5.5|
|Pixels per inch (PPI)||403|
|Processor make||Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 processor|
|Internal storage||64 GB|
|Expandable storage type||microSD|
|Expandable storage up to||128 GB|
|Operating System||Android 7.0|
|Wi-Fi standards supported||802.11 a/b/g/n|
|Bluetooth||Yes, v 4.10|
|Number of SIMs||2|
|GSM/CDMA||GSM + CDMA|
|Supports 4G in India (Band 40)||Yes|
|Ambient light sensor||Yes|


I have a new toy - MicroBlaze Development Kit from Xilinx! :)
The main feature for me here is the USB download feature as my laptop doesn't have a serial port as most of XESS boards require. Hopefully I can do all my hardware emulation research tests with this board now :)
The Key Features are:
* Device Supported: XC3S1600E FG320-4CS1
* Clocks: 50 MHz Oscillator (soldered) , 66.67MHz Oscillator (socketed)
* Memory: 512Mb (32Mx16) DDR SDRAM, 128Mb (32Mx8) Parallel Flash, 16Mb SPI Flash, & Xilinx Platform Flash
* Connectors and Interfaces: Two RS-232 Serial Ports, 1 10/100 RJ45 Ethernet Port, DB 15 VGA Display, LCD Graphic Display, SPI Port, 1 PS2 Port, 4 channel DAC and 2 channel DAC, General Purpose I/O: Buttons, Switches, LEDs, Rotary Encoder, and 43 Bit User Expansion (16 Diff-Pairs) Connector, and three 4-bit I/O Connectors and 14 Input only I/O, 50MHz and socketed 66.67 OSC, and 1 SMA input.
* Display: 16 x2 Character LCD, RGB VGA


Some nanobots, DNA and a virus from Dutch transhumanist Philippe van Nedervelde and his e-spaces 3D graphics studio. BTW, many materials there have been created for Technocalyps, a 3-part documentary on transhumanism released in 1999 (!).
Saturday, November 04, 2006
Thursday, November 02, 2006
Based on our current scientific and technological understanding we can predict (with reasonable confidence) the development of virtual reality, robotics, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology.
Starting from the predictions of what is technologically possible (in a certain time-frame), we can deduce what is economically feasible and therefore likely.
In a number of stages the structure of the economy will be dramatically changed:
- Development of virtual reality means that "white-collar" work will be moved to virtual workplaces and much of service and operator work will be done using telepresence.
- Advanced robotics will gradually replace humans in physical labor (first using some telepresence, but later moving to mostly autonomous systems).
- Artificial intelligence will replace humans in service, operator, manual (through robotics) and creative jobs.
- As nanotechnology develops, it will replace robotics as a way to produce objects and do other work.
- Eventually AI and robots will replace ordinary humans in all work. Only transhumans (cyborgs with augmented intelligence) will be working.
- Improvement of artificial intelligence (as well as merging of human and AI and uploading) will make reproducing physical workplaces unnecessary, moving work from VR to "idea space"
- As we move into the information space (through uploading) and change the environment (rebuilding the planet), physical work will increasingly become obsolete (everything important will be happening in the computer space). Only "software" will matter.
Edit this entry at Future Wikia


FEV Electronics Co., Limited is a professional cables and accessories manufacturer to cater for all your cable needs. Our mission is to deliver innovative HDMI Cable, home theater and HI-FI cables and accessories with unmatched reliability, manufacturing flexibility, short lead time, and award-winning technical support. Our market coverage extends all over the globe - Europe, North & South America, Asia and Middle East. We have certified technical engineers, advanced production and inspection instruments, and we adopt the most stringent QA guidelines. We are always looking forward to extend our products coverage to offer more choices for our customers.
Our workshop is a fully outfitted space, including 10 sets of automatic test equipment, and 12 sets of Japanese optical coupler manufacturing equipment. Click on our Manufacturing Ability page to know more about other equipment sets we are currently maintaining. Advanced test and production equipment allows us to produce over 300,000 HDMI Cables, 600,000 RCA Cables, 450,000 LAN Cables on a monthly basis.
FEV Electronics produces all kinds of USB 3.1 C Type Cable, HDMI Cable, LAN Cable/Network cable, Coaxial Cable(RG58, RG59, RG6, 3C2V, etc. ), RCA Cable, TOCP200/255 Toshiba Optical Fiber Cable in Changzhou, China. At the same time, we produce kinds of RF Coaxial Connectors and Cable Assemblies, say N connector for 1/2'' coaxial cable, 7/16 DIN Connector for 1/2'' SF Coax Cable, 1/2'' Feeder cables, F/BNC connector, TV Plugs and Jacks, RCA plugs and jacks, DC Plugs, Audio Video Connectors, banana plugs and jacks, alligator clips and cables etc.
Currently we are specialized in the following twelve main lines:
HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transferring encrypted uncompressed digital audio/video data from a HDMI-compliant device to a compatible digital audio device, computer monitor, video projector, and digital television. A digital audio/video source for HDMI can include HDMI-compliant set-top box, DVD player, HD DVD player, Blue-ray Disc player, personal computer and video game console, etc.
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display interface developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). The digital interface is used to connect a video source to a display device, such as a computer monitor.DVI was developed to create an industry standard for the transfer of digital video content. The interface is designed to transmit uncompressed digital video and can be configured to support multiple modes such as DVI-D (digital only), DVI-A (analog only), or DVI-I (digital and analog).
Retractable Cable retracts in a compact housing that packs easily into your laptop bag, making it ideal for travel. The cable speeds up to 480 Mbps. For tangle free extension and storage, please pull both connectors simultaneously.
Audio and Video cable
Audio and Video cable is used in A/V formats like HDMI?, Display Port? component, s-video, composite, DVI?, Digital Audio, TOSLINK?, XLR, speaker cable, RCA, 3.5mm, BNC, RF cable, projector and plenum-rated cabling in various lengths.
Optical Fiber cable
Optical Fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Optical fiber is connected to terminal equipment by optical fiber connectors, that is, joining two fibers together to form a continuous optical waveguide.
USB is designed to standardize the connection between computer peripherals, such as keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters to personal computers,to communicate and to supply electric power. It is the same with other devices, such as smart phones, PDAs and video game console.
Apple products have a wide variety of accessories available for it. The iPad VGA Adapter is designed to allow an iPad user to connect their iPad to a TV, monitor or any other display that is capable of inputing with the use of a VGA cable; the Apple Composite AV Cable allows the iPad or iPad 2 to be connected to any TV or home cinema system.
LAN cable or Local Area Networks now connect a massive number of personal computers, printers, file servers, and workstations in the modem office of business and manufacturing facilities. Local Area Networks such as token-ring networks or Ethernet are commonly connected by means of hubs.
SCART is a French-originated standard and associated 21-pin connector for connecting audio-visual (AV) equipments together. In Europe, SCART is the most common method of connecting audio-visual equipments together, and has become a standard connector for such devices; it is far less common elsewhere in the world.
Coaxial Cable is used as a transmission line for radio frequency signals. Its applications include feedlines connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, computer network connections, and distributing cable television signals. Coaxial cable also provides protection of the signal from external electromagnetic interference.
RF Coaxial Assembly Cable
RF Coaxial Assembly Cable is with SMA, SSMA, BNC, SNP, TNC, N, MMCX, MCX, SMB, SSMB, SSMA, F, UHF, SMC, or SSMC connectors. Coaxial connectors are designed to maintain a coaxial form across the connection and have the same well-defined impedance as the attached cable.
RF Coaxial Connector
RF Coaxial Connector is an electrical connector designed to work at radio frequencies in the multi-megahertz range. RF connectors are typically used with coaxial cables and are designed to maintain the shielding that the coaxial design offers. Better models also minimize the change in transmission line impedance at the connection.
Phone: 0086-177 5158 5921
Tel: 0086-180 2153 2186
Add: Lijia Industry Zone, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China | 213176


Pathfinder 2009.1.0306 RC1
Released on March 6, 2009
This release is the first release candidate for the full commercial version of Pathfinder.
Improvements over the Previous Release:
- The Users Guide, Example Guide, and Technical Reference have been updated.
- Fixed a bug that could cause the velocity of an agent to exceed the maximum.
- Fixed a bug that caused the max speed to ignore the stairway modifier when inertia was turned off.
- Adding occupants to stairways will no longer cause the occupants to be placed in invalid locations.
- The simulation clock will now be shown in 3D results screen shots and videos.
- 3D results will no longer crash when encoding movies with the xvid codec.
- Re-arranged the Create Movie dialog. Clicking OK will now make the movie.
- Added 2D time history plots for occupant counts and door flow rates.
- By default, CSV output will now be generated at 1 second intervals (down from 5 second intervals).
- The Show All Floors option has been moved to the Floor box.
- Renamed “Overlay Navigation Mesh” to “Show Mesh Triangles”
- In the 3D Results, paths are now shown using the occupants’ color.
- The 3D Results now streams input to allow visualization of very large results files.
- Changed the install location of some DLLs to fix a launch error for the 3D results.
- One or more 3D occupant models can now be selected for individuals or profiles.
- Changed installer technology – the installer now uses Microsoft’s install system.
- Fixed a file name problem that prevented the simulation clock from showing in the 3D Results.
- Improved the conflict resolution model to allow occupant counter-flow in steering mode.
- Model design problems that cause mesh topology errors will now cause a warning to be displayed before running the simulation.
- It is now possible to make the simulation mesh transparent in the 2D design view. This makes it easier to remove internal mesh pieces for furniture, etc.
- Substantially reduced the memory requirements of the 3D results program.
- Pathfinder will no longer crash when traversing into a new folder in the File/Save dialog.
- Added a Set Z action that allows you to move multiple rooms to the same Z-location.
- Occupants will now have the correct orientation for the first time step of steering mode simulations.
- Dxf import images and background images can now be shown in the 3D results.
- Snap grids can now be disabled in the 2D view.
- In the 3D results, occupants can now be selected.
- A “Remaining (Total)” column has been added to the CSV results. Occupants that fail to exit are no longer counted in the exit totals.
- Improved mouse selection for occupants.
- The Edit Profiles dialog now shows values using the selected unit system.
- The bounding box for the current selection is now shown in the properties panel.
- It is now easier to modify door widths and possible to modify stair widths.
- Pathfinder and the 3D Results will now launch when double-clicking PTH and output files.
- Improved the way Pathfinder remembers the selected unit system.
- When using SFPE mode with collisions enabled, times can vary substantially from the pure SFPE mode. This is caused by several factors: in rooms where density is causing very slow walking speeds, occupants may not queue up quickly enough to be limited by the door queue release speed. In congested conditions, occupants may be pushed back through doors and have to wait on the queue again. SFPE mode occupants with collisions enabled, corner more slowly that pure SFPE mode occupants.
- Occupants do not attempts to optimize door queues when exiting rooms. This can lead to artificially slow results when using certain geometric features (e.g. divided doors). The current workaround is to merge divided exits.
- In some cases of very dense initial crowding, the initial delay feature can cause agents to artificially “stack” or queue. This happens when there is very little space between two occupants, and the delayed occupant is interposed directly between another occupant and it’s current way point.
- In some cases, when turning, occupants do not utilize the full width of doors or hallways.
- Running a simulation does not cause the properties panel to commit changes. Users must press enter of change the focus to get properties changes to “stick” prior to running a simulation. This can be confusing when modifying a single property between simulation runs.


This automated benchtop microfluidic droplet-based platform encapsulates upto 8 samples in parallel in under 20 minutes.
Reproduceablity coupled with cost effectiveness, this instrument is highly desired when deciding to perform single cell RNAseq.
For details about the Nadia Instrument,
To submit your samples for Single Cell RNAseq,
This portable, light weight sequencing instrument is unique in that it makes ultra-long read lengths possible. Picking up where other sequencing instruments leave off, its ideal for many applications such as whole genome assembly and epigenetic studies.
For details about the MinIon,
To submit your samples for MinIon Sequencing, click here.
This Genetic Analyzer is a low-throughput and convenient benchtop system that delivers gold-standard Sanger sequencing technology and fragment analysis.
For details about the Applied Biosystems SeqStudio Genetic Analyzer,
To submit your samples for Sanger Sequencing,
To submit your samples for Cell Line Authentication,
This sonicator is the instrument of choice to fragment DNA for NGS library preparation.
While generating tight fragment distributions (from 150-5000bp), the reproduceability of the instrument is what makes it a top contender.
For detail about the sonicator,
To request access to the sonicator, click here.


OLED lighting technology, which stands for organic light emitting diodes, was originally developed for screens (for smartphones, tablets, televisions and monitors, for example) but can now be used to light large areas and rooms.
The most important difference to all older light sources is that OLED are area light sources rather than point light sources. This means that they create a diffused light that illuminates the space evenly and without glare and creates softer, more natural shadows.
The pleasant, warm and homogeneous light from OLED shines, in contrast to LEDs, instantly with full luminosity. They can be dimmed smoothly and light colors can be changed as required.
The ultra-flat light modules generate area light without heat and thereby save energy. They don't contain hazardous materials like mercury nor do they emit UV or IR rays.
OLED are a successful invention and an intelligent addition to modern lighting.


- IEEE is the world’s largest professional association dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity.
- IEEE and its members inspire a global community through IEEE’s highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities.
- IEEE, pronounced “Eye-triple-E,” stands for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
- The association is chartered under this name and it is the full legal name.
- To learn more about the association’s name, for more information please read the History of IEEE.
About IEEE Vizag Bay Sub- Section
- Vizag Bay Sub Section (R0014902) formed on 19-02-2011 under IEEE Hyderabad Section with the geographical boundaries consisting of the districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districts of Andhra Pradesh, India.
- There are 517 Members and 981 Student Members in the Vizag Bay Sub Section.


40w Solar Street Light System
S-Tech design, manufacture and install solar LED Street lights for use in areas that do not have access to mains power or are used as temporary lighting areas.
Our solar streetlight installations cover a variety of uses including lighting for parks, streets, car parks, rural roads and mine sites.
We can custom our system to your requirements by offering a range of poles and battery housing solutions as required. Feel free to talk to us about your requirements because most likely we have a ready made solution for you.
- Power: 40w
- 100% brightness from dusk to dawn
- Pole Types: Battery base Tapered or Mid Hinged, multiple outreach options also OR Slip base options also available with battery pits available.
- Advanced thermo-fluid cooling system without power and fan for high LED light performance and long life operation.
- Intensive high power LED array with proprietary optical lens to comply with lighting are and photometric requests.
- IP65 rated housing
- Using DC12V deep-cycling sealed lead acid battery
- Built in system regulator inside junction box for harsh environment
- Solar module protection of reverse high voltage
- Maximum charging and discharging protection with battery
- LED light protection
- Ambient light detection for automatic LED Light ON/OFF
Please call 08 9330 8485 to discuss your solar lighting requirements and then we will liase with your local electrical wholesaler to provide you a detailed quotation for the solar streetlight solution.


Sales representatives and sales managers perform better when the data they need and the software they use is available in the cloud. To understand why, it is important to first learn the distinction between running an application or saving documents 'in the cloud' versus doing so on-premise.
Anything that is hosted on a remote server and accessible via an Internet connection (and with the right credentials) is technically in the cloud. The term is used to emphasize the large, ever-present nature of networked web servers today. Cloud applications can be as simple as static databases used for storing basic information or they can be complex systems capable of computing massively sophisticated algorithms. An example of a document in the cloud might be an Excel file saved in your Google drive, which is accessible from any device that has access to your Google account via the web.
The alternative to cloud storage is saving data 'on-premise' - meaning that your document or application is either on your physical device or in a local server at your home or business. An example here might be an Excel file saved on your laptop, which is only accessible from that physical device. With this distinction in mind, there are many advantages to cloud computing over on-premise solutions. For one, on-premise is limited by nature to its device, which poses a host of problems: Small portable devices like laptops and smartphones can easily get lost or destroyed and their limited power mean they are more vulnerable to hacking. Furthermore, their storage capacities and computing capabilities are relatively limited. Desktop computers offer a bit more security, but relying on them means you must strand your data whenever you go on vacation or are traveling on the road. In short, web servers store more data, generate calculations faster, and grant you access anywhere.
In contrast to on-premise, cloud applications provide greater processing power and ease of access to data, since large remote servers do all the work and serve up to you wherever you like. They also provide the same - or, arguably, better - cybersecurity than offline systems by tracking and monitoring the IP addresses of individual users. Also, they give more control to people in management roles. Based on your account's privileges you can be given or denied access to certain information, making it easier for territory managers to assign leads. Additionally, the time gets logged whenever users sign in/out so managers get to see exactly how much work their team is doing. An IP address is like a physical address, except it is tied to a device instead of a location. As an added layer of security, you can set cloud software apps to only allow users to logon from certain IP addresses, or stop users' sessions when they logon with multiple devices.
Once you have moved over to the cloud, however, it's important to note that not all cloud applications are created equal. In any sales department, there is a need for a place to keep lots of information in addition to a need for vast computing capabilities. Every single customer interaction can tell you something valuable, but in-depth analysis requires complicated processes. The best solution for organizations is to implement a cloud-based platform which delivers both space and power, since doing so removes the need for any intermediate copying steps. To illustrate the benefit, if you wanted to conduct analysis on a hundred gigabytes of data but your web-based storage won't speak directly to your web-based analysis tool, you would have to spend hours manually downloading data from one separate system and uploading to another. With space and power under one roof in a single platform, you could run the same analysis many times over.
Cloud based business software, such as CRM or SaaS analytics solutions, can provide that space and power for a faster, more useful, and more secure workflow experience. Instead of only being able to work on certain devices and/or in certain locations, professionals can work wherever they have a connection. The storage capacity and computing speed are much greater, and you are given monitoring tools which team leaders keep track. Working off the same data and using the same tools makes it easier for team members to collaborate. And lastly, if you lose your device or if it breaks, none of your data will be lost.


Features of Wondershare Data Recovery
- Efficient: Powerful scan functions helps you to find every byte on your storage device at ease and the advanced file-recovery algorithm allows you to restore deleted, formatted or even damaged files within minutes.
- Professional and Reliable: 4 Modules are specially designed for different data loss scenarios. Scan results could be saved and imported to the program to start file recovery any time.
- Computer and laptop
- Memory Cards
- Digital Camcoders
- Hard Drive
- Flash Drive
- Removable Devices


Binary trees are fundamental data structures widely used in computer science and software development.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), Python has emerged as a powerhouse programming language
Java, being a versatile and powerful programming language, provides developers with an extensive set of libraries to streamline various tasks
In the ever-evolving landscape of finance and technology, the concept of a Payment Gateway has become integral to our daily lives.
MongoDB, a popular NoSQL database, offers powerful querying capabilities, but performance can be significantly improved by leveraging indexes.
Welcome, future Backend Engineers! As the digital realm continues to evolve, the demand for skilled backend developers is soaring
In today’s digital landscape, ensuring the security of user accounts is paramount. One effective way to enhance security is through the implementation of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
Backend development plays a crucial role in creating robust and scalable web applications. To achieve maintainability, flexibility, and efficiency in code, developers often rely on design patterns.
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are widely used for authentication in web applications. When a user logs out, it’s essential to invalidate or remove their JWT token to enhance security
As a programming beginner, implementing fundamental algorithms is one of the best ways to improve […]
Validators play a vital role in ensuring that the data entered into the system meets the specified criteria.
Docker is a powerful platform for automating the deployment and scaling of applications in lightweight, portable containers
The Java Stream API introduced in Java 8 provides a powerful and expressive way to […]
Within the realm of my ongoing Spring Boot side project, a captivating and commonplace challenge surfaces concerning the authentication of APIs using various methods
As a backend engineer driven by the desire to optimize performance while mindful of budget constraints, my recent side project involved creating a scalable web application hosted on a Virtual Private Server (VPS).


Typical Course Length
Physics at Aberystwyth has an established reputation in leading-edge research and has fully-funded PhD studentships (PPARC,NERC,EPSRC, including CASE, University scholarships) available in all research areas
The institute has state-of-the-art-laboratories, supercomputing and 3D visualisation facilities for research projects, and makes extensive use of national and international research facilities. A list of typical Materials Physics and Solar System Physics PhD projects is available.
The university has a proud tradition of research excellence, as demonstrated in the most recent Research Excellence Framework (2014) assessment. It placed the university in the top 50 institutions for research power and intensity. It submitted 77% of eligible staff and 95% of the university's research was of an internationally recognised standard.
Available Research groups:
Solar System Physics group, studies the chain of events leading from the Sun, through the solar wind, to the atmospheres and surfaces of the planets.
Materials Research, advanced experimental techniques are applied in parallel with mathematical and computational modelling to elucidate the critical relationships that determine properties such as fluid flow, fracture, melting, conductivity and light emission in materials such as liquids, foams, glass, ceramics, semiconductors, nanoparticles and thin films.
Department of Physics Lecturers are all qualified to PhD level and have a track record of research in their fields of specialisation.


Dr. Rolf Lund
Ed. D, M.Sc (opcom)
Assessment of Video Magnification Systems the history and the future.
by Rolf Lund, Ed.D (ed.psych), M.Sc (optom), CLVT Eikholt National Resource Center Vision and Hearing NORWAY
The use of video magnifying systems (CCTV) as a technical device for people with low vision was first described in 1959 by Potts et al. But it was not until the end of the 1960s that the CCTV was used in a practical way. The first CCTV machines were technical devices for reading only, but very soon thereafter these machines could be used for more activities
This was a significant contribution to the integration of persons with low vision into the mainstream environments of schools and the workplace.
In the 1980s, computers brought a new challenge to the design of CCTV products. In the 1990s; PC interfaces, color displays, small portable devices made CCTVs technologically advanced and widely available. Recent new development includes powerful assistive features built into googles, tablets and telephones to complement the users vision, learning and literacy. You can now create, learn, work, play and do pretty much anything you want to do, wherever you want to do it, more easily than ever. The person with low vision should take active part in the assessment of the device
The individual becomes a knowledgeable consumer and able to take an active role in finding solutions to new problems. This is the way toward independence.
Keywords: video magnifier, assistive technology, assessment of low vision, participation


Staying ahead of the competition is a major issue for product designers in today's cutthroat business conditions. The onus rests on the shoulders of system designers to develop novel, distinctive offerings.
In this regard, incorporating new, high-density designs into products is an effective innovation method. Thus, a power designer's primary focus should be on optimizing for maximum efficiency, maximum reliability, and minimum footprint.
With that, here are 5 of the most notable design elements to be aware of for high power density converters.
1. Thermal Management and Thermal Design Optimization
High-density power supply designs have unique requirements for thermal management.
Due to the limited surface area available for dissipating the heat produced by the power converters and maximum permissible safe operating temperatures, the thermal management issues in such designs are becoming increasingly tough. For instance, wasted heat inside the casing from the worst-case power dissipation imposes a limitation for thermal management. With the power supply getting smaller, efficiency must be a priority to avoid overheating the casing.
Moreover, while a high-density architecture is great for conversion efficiency, it may cause a bottleneck in thermal performance. Dissipating the same amount of power in a smaller area is unsustainable. Component dependability and failure rates are of greater concern when operating temperatures get elevated.
In this regard, lower-profile power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) placed on the top side of the PCB improve thermal performance with convective airflow because they do not get shadowed by taller components like the inductor and electrolytic capacitors.
2. Gate Driver Design
For the most part, gate drivers are found in any power converter. Controllers cannot reliably open and close the power switch promptly due to the low voltages required by the control circuitry. Therefore, the controller sends signals to the gate driver, which can handle significantly more power and can, thus, operate the MOSFET's gate as required.
Elements of a circuit are subjected to large voltage fluctuations and high currents when functioning in high-power or high-voltage applications. Due to the high voltages and currents inherent in the power conversion circuit, a current leakage from the power MOSFET to the control circuitry may easily trigger a severe breakdown of the control circuit by frying the transistors.
A gate driver isolation can fix this. Capacitive isolators in this system get made up of two capacitors connected in series. The dielectric is silicon oxide, which is built into the silicon die. These capacitors can handle high voltage peaks without breaking.
3. Component Design
Increases in switching frequency, essential for shrinking passive filter components, can only be achieved through technological advances in component design.
Improvements in silicon and packaging for power MOSFETs are one example; the emergence of gallium nitride (GaN) power devices with extremely low parasitic capacitances is another. While power semiconductor performance has increased, magnetic component performance has also increased, although at a slower pace. Last, you may often adjust the switch-node voltage slew rate without power-draining snubber or gate resistor components because of the control IC's thoughtful layout, which includes integrated, adaptive gate drivers adjacent to the MOSFETs.
4. EMI Performance
Power supply engineers also have to worry about electromagnetic interference (EMI). There must be adequate margins between the conducted and radiated EMIs and the global regulatory requirements. EMI shielding is also important for ESD & EOS protection.
EMI compliance testing is a significant milestone. EMI filtering often has little room in a high-density layout. A compact design lessens radiated emissions and boosts resistance to interference. Essential measures include minimizing loop areas with high di/dt currents and lowering surface areas with high dv/dt voltages.
5. PCB Layout
Power system designers should learn and master PCB design. Although engineers sometimes outsource layout to specialists, they are ultimately responsible for reviewing and approving the design.
Increasing the efficiency of power converters saves energy, reduces the end user's impact on the environment, improves reliability, and brings down total cost of ownership. In the end, using these design considerations can give you a leg up on the competition with product design of high power density converters.
At RGBSI, we deliver total workforce management, engineering, quality lifecycle management, and IT solutions that provide strategic partnership for organizations of all sizes.
Electrical & Electronic Services
We offer state-of-the-art services that fully integrate electrical and electronic design through manufacturing. With a “think forward” outlook, clients’ use our team of experts to ensure their products, systems, and processes are always current and compliant in the most efficient way possible.
Learn more about electrical & electronic services.


The site will open in Coventry, at a new, multi-million-pound, high-tech facility that will produce batteries for future hybrid and electric vehicles, creating around ninety new jobs. The move has been welcomed by the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy as a significant step forward in the UK’s contribution to reducing carbon emissions.
Hyperbat will begin production at the site in Coventry in early 2019, following construction. The launch customer for Hyperbat batteries is the Aston Martin Rapide E, which will be a limited production run.
“Hybrid and electric vehicles will play a key part in Britain’s cleaner and greener future and this new high-tech facility – inspired by a government funded Advanced Propulsion Centre project – will develop new vehicle battery technologies and create high-skilled jobs in Coventry,” said business secretary Greg Clark.“Through the Industrial Strategy, the government is building on our world leading strengths in auto manufacturing and clean growth, making the UK the go-to place for these technologies and boosting the economic opportunities presented by our transition to a low-carbon economy.”
Unipart is well-known for its expertise in automotive manufacturing, logistics and supply.It will use its manufacturing and technological expertise to produce this more environmentally-progressive equipment to fuel the future of road transport.
Williams Advanced Engineering has years of experience electrifying vehicles, from powering all the cars on the grid of the ABB FIA Formula E championship in rugged and competitive conditions to projects as varied as the Vanda Electrics Dendrobium electric hypercar and Jaguar Vector Racing world speed record-breaking electric boat.In April 2018 Williams Advanced Engineering won the Queen’s Award for Enterprise in the Innovation category for its work translating learning from the Formula E battery project into commercial applications.
“Today marks a proud day as we bring together two innovative companies to deliver cutting edge technology that will literally power the future of sustainable transport in the UK and beyond,” said Craig Wilson, managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering. “We are pleased to be working with Unipart, growing a new capability for our sector in this country for hybrid and electric vehicles, securing the on-shore supply chain for the long-term.Hyperbat will also deliver into high performance battery applications beyond automotive, delivering innovative technology and high value manufacturing, as well as jobs for the next generation workforce.”
Carol Burke, managing director of Unipart Manufacturing Group, said: “We are delighted to be working with Williams Advanced Engineering on this venture.We have developed an advanced manufacturing facility on our Coventry site – the very site in which the British auto industry produced some of its first petrol vehicles.It is fitting that this site will now provide clean, sustainable electric batteries that can be tailored to individual auto manufacturer’s requirements and available to a wide range of companies seeking to introduce electric vehicles into their ranges.”
The factory will open in early 2019 at the Unipart site in Beresford Avenue, which also houses the Institute for Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME), a partnership between Unipart and Coventry University.The AME will develop the skills and capabilities for the future, both for Hyperbat and for the broader electric vehicle supply chain.
Burke continued: “Using some of the most advanced manufacturing capabilities in this field, Hyperbat’s production facilities will be highly adaptable to meet the changing requirements of future demands, while also addressing opportunities from non-automotive sectors looking to introduce sustainable propulsion into their product ranges.”


2016 Bezos Scholar Jacob Urbina, and educator Cody Mitchell, founded Elkhart Discovery Days after recognizing a need for more hands-on science in their school district,
Through Elkhart Discovery Days, Jacob and Mr. Mitchell worked to expose elementary-age students to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) through hands-on experiences involving computer literacy, a hovercraft, rockets, drones, Rubik’s cubes, slime, laser harp performances, student demonstrations, and egg trebuchet-launching contests. In addition to an afternoon of science experiences, “care packages” were sent home to inspire students to challenge the future and explore science with their families.
“Students were excited to investigate their own scientific questions,” shares Jacob. “The main purpose was to excite students to become more inquisitive, and I believe this happened.”
For more on the Elkhart Discovery Days, visit: http://elkhartdiscoverydays.wixsite.com/discover


Transmit crystal clear stereo audio signals to any Bluetooth receiving device, such as Bluetooth earphone, Bluetooth speaker or Bluetooth music receiver.
30pin plug, compatibility: for iPod Touch (3rd, 4th), iPod Nano (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th), iPod Video, iPod Mini, etc.
Support profile: A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) & ARVCP (Audio/Video Remote Control Profile).
Need not setup and any software, very easy to use.
No batteries are needed, powered by your device.
No confusing buttons to press! It can automatically pair. Pair it once and it will always remember your device.
Small & discreet; easy to carry around with you.
It works on Apple products with 30pin plug, but it Does Not support for iPod Touch 2nd and iPod Touch 1st.
How to Use:
Simply insert the adapter into the 30pin connection on your iPod and pair with the Bluetooth device, i.e. Bluetooth headphone or Bluetooth speaker (The light of the
Bluetooth Transmitter will be flashing when it is ready to pair).
Bluetooth: Bluetooth 2.1
Frequency range: 2.42-2.480GHz (SIM) spectrum
Range: Up to 10m / 33ft
Working current: Max. 40MA
Item size: 39 * 29 * 8mm / 1.5 * 1.1 * 0.3in
Item weight: 6g / 0.2oz
Package size: 13.5 * 10.5 * 1.5cm / 5.3 * 4.1 * 0.6in
Package weight: 20g / 0.7oz
1 * Bluetooth Transmitter
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A system that displays location signals transmitted from terminals such as wireless devices and the AIS installed on a ship.
It is a ship-to-land interactive data network.
VMS is Dealing with VTS, maritime traffic, security and counterterrorism, port operation, coastal safety, and resource management through real-time vessel operating information.
The Ship Security Alert System (SSAS) is a two-way communication system developed to enhance security following the 9/11 attacks.
SSAS is Receiving signals from the Ship Security Alert System (SSAS) in the event of piracy or terrorism across the world and delivering updates automatically.
2022.06.28 UTC 1930
2022.06.27 UTC 2130
2022.06.23 UTC 0745
2022.06.19 UTC 1730
This service aims to reduce the risk of damage to our ships resulting from piracy by informing shipping companies of the latest piracy trends and related notices.


Convenience is the byline of modern technology. Each new process or product that is pioneered aims to be more efficient, more convenient, and in all ways better than its predecessors. Every day, the manufacturing and information technology industries come up with new gadgets designed to outclass the current trends in the market. Technology is constantly evolving, but some technological breakthroughs are bound to last because of their influence on how future gadgets will be conceived. One such technological breakthrough is called Bluetooth. Originally designed as an experimental wireless protocol, Bluetooth rose from obscurity in the 90’s as a protocol designed not only for wireless but universal communication. It is now the universally accepted communication protocol for a wide array of gadgets. There are some best Bluetooth headphones in India that have incredibly great audio quality with awesome bass.
Bluetooth Stereo Headphones
Bluetooth is supported by modern printers, cell phones, desktop and laptop computers, and even gaming consoles. You no longer have to go to a programmer to decode and encode a file from the cell phone in order to transfer it to a computer. Bluetooth-enabled cell phones are able to transmit any file, whether it be music, pictures, or video, into Bluetooth-enabled computers. Bluetooth eliminates the hassle of connecting wires and fiddling port adapters in order to connect one device to another. Noise cancelling headphones are another device which you need to keep watch on. These devices are incredibly good and takes listening music to a new level.


Vivo Y55s 5G (2023) phone launched with 50MP camera and 5000mAh battery, know price and specification
This model is quite different from the Chinese variant launched in December. Talking about the specification, Vivo Y55s 5G (2023) offers features like a Full HD+ display, MediaTek Dimensity 700 processor, up to 6GB of RAM, and a 5000mAh battery.
- Vivo Y55s 5G (2023) phone works on Android 13
- Vivo phone is equipped with MediaTek Dimensity 700 processor
- The battery of the phone is 5000mAh
Vivo company has launched another new 5G phone under its Y series. The name of this device is Vivo Y55s 5G (2023). Let us tell you that a phone named Vivo Y55S 5G was also launched in China in the month of December last year. However, this global model is quite different from the Chinese variant. Talking about the specification, this Vivo smartphone has features like a Full HD+ display, MediaTek Dimensity 700 processor, up to 6GB of RAM, and a 5000mAh battery.
Vivo Y55s 5G (2023) Price
The company has launched the Vivo Y55s 5G (2023) phone in two variants. 4GB RAM and 128GB storage is the base variant of this phone, which costs NTD 7,990 (about Rs 21,300). It also comes with a 6GB RAM and 128GB storage variant, which costs NTD 8,490 (roughly Rs. 22,600). Two color options Galaxy Blue and Star Black have been introduced in the phone.
Vivo Y55s 5G (2023) specifications
- Android 13
- MediaTek Dimensity 700 processor
- 6GB RAM
- 128GB storage
- 50MP primary camera
- 5000mAh Battery
This Vivo phone works on Android 13-based FuntouchOS 12. A 6.58-inch Full HD+ IPS LCD display will be given in this phone, which has a resolution of 1080 x 2408 pixels. Along with this, a 20: 9 aspect ratio has been given in the display. Water-drop notch is available in the display for selfies. Apart from this, the phone will be equipped with a MediaTek Dimensity 700 processor, with which up to 6GB of RAM and 128GB of storage are available. The storage of the phone can be increased through a microSD card.
A triple rear camera setup has been given in this phone for photography. In this camera setup, a 50MP primary camera, 2MP portrait lens, and 2MP macro camera have been given. The phone has an 8MP camera for selfies and video calling.
The battery of the phone is 5000mAh, with which 18W fast charging support is available. For connectivity, 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, NFC, a 3.5mm headphone jack and a USB Type-C port will be included. The phone has a side-mounted fingerprint sensor, in which an AI face unlock system is available.


Every successful robotics project begins with a careful analysis of the requirements and capabilities your mobile robot needs — helping you to choose the right platform and any technology add-ons you’ll need. This eBook includes a list of questions to help define your robotics project, as well as some points to ponder when looking at which robotics company will help you achieve your goals.
This eBook will help you determine:
- The impact environmental conditions have on the performance of your mobile robot.
- How the expected payload of what you’ll be transporting on your mobile robot can affect its speed and overall performance.
- What requirements your mobile robots needs in terms of battery technology, maneuverability, propulsion system etc.
- The difference between open source and proprietary control software, and the impact each can have on your mobile robot.
- How external integrations/add-ons can amplify the ability of your mobile robot—ensuring it can achieve almost any programmable task.


Much more than a flying camera, Elios 3 is a powerful data-harvesting tool.
Relying on the power of computer vision and LiDAR mapping, Elios 3 is a versatile indoor drone opening doors to a world where performing systematic inspections does not require months of training, reporting is done intuitively on a 3D model of your asset, and situational awareness is built into the piloting app.
Stone-still stability. No matter the conditions.
The all-new SLAM-based stabilization algorithm catches the tiniest unpredictable movements of the drone and instructs the flight controller to compensate for it. This allows for the drone to float in the air still as a stone even in the toughest conditions. With Elios 3, pilots from all skill levels will succeed at performing complex missions with close to no training.
3D Live Map
Flawless locational awareness.
The embedded LiDAR constantly scans the surroundings to build a high-density point cloud map. This map is displayed instantly in the Cockpit App, empowering pilots with exceptional locational awareness. A real-time 3D view of the drone’s trajectory and environment provides crucial data.
Always know where you are.
Assess inspection coverage.
Modular Payload Bay
A versatile and future-proof inspection tool.
The modular payload bay features two ports. One dedicated to the LiDAR and one for auxiliary payloads. This unique integrated design provides aerial capabilities for a range of upcoming indoor applications. It turns Elios 3 into a versatile, future-proof tool, configured to fit your mission needs.
Close-Up Inspection Dedicated Payload
Supercharging data quality.
The static payload now comes with a fully unobstructed 180° field of view to a 4K camera, a thermal camera, and a distance sensor. The lighting system has been rethought from the ground-up to bring an even more powerful and homogeneous lighting experience. Thanks to the industry-leading oblique and dust-proof lighting system, looking for pitting, cracks, or build-ups becomes as natural as doing it manually with a flashlight. Elios 3 close-up inspection payload delivers stunning image quality, consistently smooth, even in the complete dark.
Detect Pitting, Cracks, and Build Ups
Dust-Proof 16K Lumen Lighting
Traverse dusty place without losing sight of your objective
Do it all in one go.
The Elios 3 offers up to 12 minutes of flight time* so you can go the extra mile in every single flight. With a new insert & lock mechanism battery manipulations are easier than ever.
*Flight time without a payload mounted on the payload bay.


Competition is heating up in the stair lift business. Companies offering battery operated stair lifts are mud slinging competitors who are offering plug in style stair lifts. In the past year, suppliers who were preaching about the advantages of the plug in style, decided to start offering a battery operated version to counter the criticism from the manufacturers supplying the battery stair lift models. Batteries tend to be more problematic over time.
They must be eventually replaced with an added cost to do so and a time factor where the lift will be down until the dealer has come to change the batteries. Criticism of the plug in style stair lifts has usually been centered on the fact that if the power goes out, then the lift user is stuck. While this is true, in reality, the power rarely goes out in most homes. The real comparison is how often the battery powered stair lift fails over time compared to the plug in style. There is no question that the plug in style fails less often than the battery operated style stair lift in the long run.
Also, one must keep in mind that the battery operated stair lifts still require electricity to run. If the power goes out, then the battery operated stair lift will only run up and down the stairs a limited number of times before it requires electricity to re-charge the batteries.
I guess you could compare this to your furnace or air conditioner. They are a plug in appliance just like your fridge, stove and dishwasher. If the power goes out, you are out of luck with all these items. The ideal stair lift is a plug in style that has a battery back up. The extra cost of this type of model is questionable in most applications, but it is something you might want to consider.


Yes you can use laptop in this way. It will be like your PC but when the power cuts off the laptop will instantly turn off just like PC.
Great thing to do
My battery for my laptop just died and I planning to remove the battery and use my AC charger plug for my laptop to power it on….I am just planning play dota 2, don’t starve, League of legends with the ac plug plugged into my laptop..I am just also going to do basic stuff on the internet for half of the time too…
Yes you can. As long as you’re connected to an ac outlet, your laptop will work fine.
Yes you certainly can it is preferable to remove a bad battery when it’s shorted out and use it with only the power adapter until such time as you get that battery replaced
some brands will work that way, others won’t. try it
Yes you can
Just make sure you don’t accidentally unplug the power cord
Yes you can. In fact, it is recommended to remove the battery if the laptop is connected to power all of the time.


Inventec Careers and Employment
Inventec Corporation (Chinese: 英業達公司; pinyin: Yīngyèdá Gōngsī; TWSE: 2356) is a Taiwan-based Original Design Manufacturer (ODM) making notebook computers, servers and mobile devices. Originally established in 1975 to develop and manufacture electronic calculators, the company has since grown significantly to become one of the world's top computer manufacturers.
People have asked 2 questions about working at Inventec. See the answers, explore popular topics and discover unique insights from Inventec employees.


computational fluid dynamics package, to handle either incompressible or expandable flows, with or without heat transfer and turbulence, to solve specific physics such as radiative heat transfer, combustion, magneto-hydro dynamics, compressible flows and two-phase flows.
is an generic standalone platform to develop pre- and post-processing of numerical simulation, also a platform for integration of third-party numerical codes to develop a new application of life-cycle management for CAD models.
is an electronic design automation (EDA) tool, allows a designer, artist, researcher, or hobbyist to document their Arduino-based prototype and create a PCB layout for manufacturing, it supports designers and artists ready to move from physical prototyping to actual product.
is an computational tool for multi-physics, includes physical models of fluid dynamics, structural mechanics, electro-magnetics, heat transfer and acoustics are described by partial differential equations which solves by Finite Element Method (FEM).
is numerically oriented programming language to rapidly construct models of mathematical problems and complex multidimensional arithmetic, also to solve signal processing, statistical analysis, image enhancement, fluid dynamics simulations, and numerical optimization.
a generic C++ finite element library with interfaces for Python, Matlab and Scilab, used to solve in finite element methods and elementary matrix computations for solving linear and non-linear problems numerically.
is a high-level programming language, primarily intended for numerical computations. it provides a command-line interface for solving linear and nonlinear numerical problems, also for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with Matlab.
is an open source integrated development environment (IDE) for developing applications primarily with Java, also supports developers to create applications across desktop, mobile and web in other languages, in particular HTML5, PHP, C, C++ and CSS.
UI Design & Graphics
is a open source cross platform professional scalar vector graphics editor to draw images for marketing/branding, engineering/CAD, web graphics and cartooning


The Advantages of Digital Press Brake in the Manufacturing Industry
Title: Unleashing the Power of Digital Press Brake in the Manufacturing Industry Introduction: The manufacturing industry, specifically the machinery sector, heavily relies on cutting-edge equipment to stay at the forefront of innovation. Among these machines, the digital press brake has emerged as a game-changer, allowing manufacturers to streamline their metal bending processes with unprecedente
The manufacturing industry, specifically the machinery sector, heavily relies on cutting-edge equipment to stay at the forefront of innovation. Among these machines, the digital press brake has emerged as a game-changer, allowing manufacturers to streamline their metal bending processes with unprecedented precision and efficiency. In this article, we will explore the advantages of digital press brake technology and its impact on the rapidly evolving world of manufacturing.
Advantage 1: Enhanced Precision
Digital press brakes utilize advanced computer numerical control (CNC) systems that offer remarkable precision in metal bending. With the ability to program and automate bending sequences, manufacturers can achieve consistent and accurate results, ensuring high-quality end products. The precise control over bending angles and depths minimizes errors and reduces material waste, ultimately improving productivity and profitability.
Advantage 2: Increased Efficiency
Gone are the days of manual adjustments and time-consuming setups. Digital press brakes significantly reduce setup time, as they can store and recall multiple bending programs. This feature enhances efficiency by eliminating the need for manual calculations and adjustments, allowing operators to switch seamlessly between different bending tasks. The integration of real-time feedback systems also enables operators to monitor and optimize the bending process, further improving productivity and reducing downtime.
Advantage 3: Versatility and Flexibility
With the ability to handle a wide range of materials and thicknesses, digital press brakes offer unrivaled versatility. Operators can easily adapt to varying production requirements without significant retooling or downtime. The flexibility of digital press brakes allows manufacturers to meet the demands of diverse industries, from automotive and aerospace to construction and furniture, expanding their market reach and paving the way for new business opportunities.
Advantage 4: Streamlined Workflow
Digital press brake technology integrates seamlessly with other digital systems, such as computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) software. This integration enables a streamlined workflow, as designs can be directly imported and converted into bending programs, eliminating manual data entry and potential errors. The digital interface also provides clear visualizations of the bending process, allowing operators to make informed decisions and adjustments in real-time.
Advantage 5: Data-driven Insights
Digital press brakes generate valuable data throughout the bending process, offering manufacturers actionable insights for continuous improvement. By analyzing data on bend angles, material characteristics, and machine performance, manufacturers can identify optimization opportunities, enhance quality control, and optimize their overall production processes. These data-driven insights empower manufacturers to make data-backed decisions, leading to increased efficiency, reduced costs, and improved customer satisfaction.
Digital press brakes have revolutionized the manufacturing industry by combining precision, efficiency, versatility, and data-driven insights. By harnessing the power of advanced CNC systems and seamless integration, manufacturers can elevate their metal bending processes to new levels of accuracy and productivity. The adoption of digital press brake technology is a vital step for manufacturers looking to stay competitive in today's rapidly evolving market. Embrace the future of manufacturing with digital press brakes and unlock endless possibilities in the world of metal bending.


Romoss Solo 6 16000mAh Power Bank
Solo Series Power Bank, Synchronous Charging & Discharging, 16000mAh Capacity
Romoss Solo 5 10000mAh Power Bank
Solo Series Power Bank, Synchronous Charging & Discharging, 10000mAh Capacity
Philips BDM4065UC 40" 4K UHD WS 8MS LED Monitor
These latest Philips screens deliver UltraClear, 4K UHD (3840x2160) pixel images. Utilizing high performance panels with high density pixel count, enabled by high bandwidth sources like DisplayPort, HDMI, Dual link DVI, these new displays will make your images and graphics come alive. Whether you are demanding professional requiring extremely detailed information for CAD-CAM solutions, using 3D gr...
MSI GE70 2PL-433AU Apache 17.3" i7 Windows 8.1 Notebook
The GE70, MSI's latest and greatest generation gaming notebook, features Nvidia's latest GTX850M discrete graphics card with amazing visuals that increase game realism.
Asus Wireless Duo 1TB Black Portable HDD
Designed as an external storage device for smartphones and tablets, the Wireless Duo creates its own Wi-Fi network for users to stream and share media files or access stored documents wirelessly.
Power Shield Defender LCD 650VA UPS
The Defender range uses Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to minimise the effects of fluctuations in input voltage, protecting your valuable equipment from power line disturbances.
EpicGear Headset & Bungee Bundle!
SonorouZ SE is designed for gamers to experience the virtual gaming world in the most authentic way. The gaming specialized virtual 7.1 surround sound optimizing audio positioning capability, along with the circum-aural ear cups, further maximizing enjoyment of the most detailed sound effect. Additionally, the digital noise-cancelling microphone gives free external interfe...
Logitech G302 Daedalus Prime MOBA Gaming Mouse
Designed with pro gamers, G302 Daedalus Prime™ MOBA gaming mouse is masterfully crafted as a precision gaming tool. Experience responsive design engineered to withstand the rigors of the highest tiers of professional gaming.
SpeedyTel PBX-220 IP PBX Router
PBX220 is a compact yet powerful Wi-Fi router IP PBX that‘s ideal for small businesses and home offices.
EpicGear GeKKota White Ambidextrous Laser Gaming Mouse
Co-developed by pro-gamers, GeKKota is an ambidextrous gaming mouse designed for agility and control. The symmetrical ergonomics was thoroughly studied and analyzed for rapid mouse movements often associated with the claw-grip and tip-grip gamers. GeKKota is equipped with the EG-tuned 8200dpi gaming laser sensor for extreme sensitivity and stability. Fully programmable via dedicated GUI software.
Asus VS278H 27" Full HD WS 1MS LED Monitor
Delicate touches make a monitor truly great, VS278H Full HD LED monitor, with extremely quick 1 ms response time, 80,000,000:1 high contrast ratio and HDMI interfaces, is optimized for the finest image and color quality. This approach extends to the sturdy stand and slim profile without compromising style in ensuring stability and durability.
EK FC970 GTX Strix Plexi/Nickel Nvidia GPU Waterblock
EK-FC970 GTX Strix is a high performance full-cover water block for ASUS design GTX 970 Strix series graphics cards. Please check the EK Cooling Configurator online compatibility system for a detailed compatibility list!
MSI GT70 2QD-2435AU Dominator 17.3" i7 Windows 8.1 Notebook
The MSi GT70 2QD has extreme graphics performance with the new NVIDIA® GeForce® GTX 970M GPU with 3GB of GDDR5 graphics and based on DirectX11 technology. Turn on lightning-fast antialiasing in a huge variety of games automatically.
WD TV Media Player
Play all your videos, music and photos in virtually any file format, including MKV, MP4, AVI, MPEG-4, MOV and more. Enjoy media stored on a USB or network storage device and any computer on your network. Plus, stream the latest online entertainment.


Jamie leads Dublin City Council’s Smart City program which is transforming Dublin’s reputation as a Smart City leader. He established the ‘Smart Dublin’ regional initiative in 2015 and has successfully implemented a large scale challenge based innovation program working with over 40 companies tacking areas such as last mile delivery, smart mobility hubs and flood monitoring.
He is extremely passionate about the adoption of emerging tech trends that can be applied to create better outcomes for residents as well as new economic opportunities for cities. One of his flagship projects is the delivery of the ‘Smart Docklands’ district that provides a platform for start-ups, big tech, the city, and academia to come together and fast track innovation. This has led to some significant innovation projects in 5G connectivity and IOT.
He has delivered successful collaborations with companies such as Google, Big Belly bins, Dense Air, Softbank, Accenture, Microsoft, Mastercard, IBM and Intel. Jamie has presented at events such as GSMA MWC, Dubai IOTx, Barcelona Smart City Expo and IOT world and is also involved in a number of advisory roles relating to Smart City developments.
He represents Dublin on Smart City alliances including the Harvard TECH Innovators Forum, Wireless Broadband Alliance, Cities Today Institute and Mastercard’s City Possible initiative. He also teaches on the Harvard civic innovation certificate program http://tech.seas.harvard.edu/foundations-city-innovation
Jamie holds a science degree from Trinity College Dublin and a Masters in Geographic Information Science (GIS) from University College London. He previously worked in roles with the Home Office, Met Police and Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science.


With respect to the conflict in Ukraine, we are unable to accept delegates from Russia or Belarus. Neither are we able to accept papers with authors or co-authors from institutions based in these countries. We will continue to monitor the situation with respect to official U.S. government sanctions and restrictions, as well as endeavoring to remain consistent with the global scientific and cultural communities’ response to the ongoing conflict.
QNDE is the premiere international NDE meeting designed to provide an interface between research and early engineering through the presentation of current ideas and results focused on facilitating a rapid transfer to engineering development, bringing these technologies to the attention of researchers and users in national laboratories, industry and academia, including graduate students.
In connection with ASME's efforts to expand the audience, a video of each paper presentation must be created and submitted by June 13, 2022 at 11:59 pm EDT. The video will be made available to all conference participants for viewing.


Google has announced a new line of Chromebooks.
All three devices, developed in partnership with several third-party manufacturers, use the power of the cloud for gaming. The product news comes just days after Google pulled the plug on Stadia.
Google’s new selection of Chromebooks includes the Acer Chromebook 516 GE, the Asus Vibe CX55 Flip Chromebook, and the Lenovo Ideapad Gaming Chromebook. Every laptop boasts high frame rates and RGB keyboards. More importantly, the new Chromebooks are designed for cloud gaming.
We’ve compiled a quick overview of each device. The Acer Chromebook 516 GE offers a 120Hz WQXGA display, RGB anti-ghosting keyboard, and Wi-Fi 6E connectivity. The device is also built on an Intel Core i5 processor with 8GB of RAM.
Meanwhile, the ASUS Chromebook Vibe CX55 Flip supports a 144Hz FHD display and is a 2-in-1 convertible laptop. Again, this device features an RGB anti-ghosting keyboard and an Intel Core i5 processor with 8 GB of RAM. It is paired with dual Harmon Kardon certified speakers with WiFi 6 connectivity enabled.
Finally, the Lenovo Ideapad Gaming Chromebook supports a 120Hz WQXGA display, RGB anti-ghosting keyboard, and Wi-Fi 6E connectivity. Additionally, it features a 4-speaker system with Wave audio tuning plus an Intel Core i3 processor with 8GB of RAM.
While each device offers modest specs, Google’s focus on cloud gaming makes these devices stand out. Even it is blog post, Google highlights the respectable number of games available on the cloud via the video above. Google is teaming up with Nvidia to bring its GeForce Now cloud-based gaming feature to Chromebooks. Each device is designed to support Nvidia’s highest performance RTX 3080 tier. RTX 3080 tier members can play AAA titles like Cyberpunk 2077, Fortnite and Crysis 3 remastered up to 1600p at 120fps.
Additionally, Google is partnering with Xbox to bring Xbox Cloud Gaming to Chromebook via an installable web app to provide even more flexibility for Xbox Game Pass Ultimate subscribers. Xbox Cloud Gaming supports a wide range of first-party titles and third-party games available on Xbox Game Pass.
The timing of this announcement is quite unfortunate. The performance of each Chromebook is positioned as a workhorse of cloud gaming. However, Google recently shut down Stadia, its own cloud gaming service. If not, the narrative surrounding these new Stadia-powered Chromebooks writes itself. However, starting January 18, 2023, Stadia and its servers will be taken offline. For members of the Google ecosystem, refunds on hardware and software will be offered through the Google Play Store.
As for the new Chromebooks, each device will be available this month.
Image credit: Google


•How the TARDIS is bigger on the inside.
•Is regeneration possible?
Bring your tablet or smartphone and take part in the interactive experience. Decide which Doctor Who alien will take over the universe. The scientists helping you delve into dark matter are: Dr Martin White, a particle astrophysicist at the University of Adelaide; Dr Allie Ford, a science communicator at Monash University; Dr Alan Duffy, an astrophysicist at the University of Melbourne and David Jennens a physicist from the University of Melbourne who is working at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland. 'This will give everyone something to talk about for a very long time to come,' says RiAus Director, Dr Paul Willis.


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This example is from the first home work of the Short Course on Neural Networks by Dr Klinkachorn of the Computer Engineering Department at WVU. Please note the context of the problem and the problem statement has been changed to relfect the interests of this robot club.
You can read about the history of how the perceptron was developed by Dr Rosenblatt in the 1950's.
You can read about the theory of operation of a perceptron neural network.
Now for our first example a 2 dimentional Perceptron:
In this example the perceptron is asked to separate two groups of points on an X Y coordiante axis. The points in one group are identified by an X and the points in the other group are identified by an O. In the graphics of the program and in the illistrations that follow.
Now it may help to think of the X,Y Coordinate pairs as being the output of a robot sensor. Imagine for a moment that we have a robot that has a scanner that lookes around the room the robot is in and returns X, Y numbers for reflected signals in the room.
What we want is for the robot to know if the signal came from a point on the X or a point on the O. The senor itself does not know, it just returns X,Y numbers from the coordinate axis with the robot in the center.
This problem is a 2 d problem since there are only two inputs the X and the Y number from the sensor. So when we ask the perceptron network to solve this and tell which is which it can do this by drawing a line. The line is implimented into its logic and it must learn what the line should be on its own.
For you and me this problem is simple we would just draw a line like so.
The green line represents our desision line. Any coordinate pair that is on the left side would be the O. Any coordiante pair on the right side would be the X.
Well thats easy for us to do. But what about the perceptron network? How does it learn to draw a line like this?
Training is the Key
We the people who put the net work together, must provide training examples for the network to learn from. For the moment let us assume the problem is more complex and we dont know the line. (Of couse here we do know but as the problems get harder we want the network to figure out the answers to question that we cannot answer.)
Even if we dont know how to draw the line the perceptron network can figure it out. We just have to give it some examples first. Like this:
Then the perceptron starts out not knowing how to separate the answers so it guesses. For example we input into the network 1,0 and it guesses an O. But the right answer is an X. So the perceptron adjusts its line and we try the next example. Eventually the perceptron will have all the answers right.
So what's so cool about this?
One cool thing about this is that once the network learns the example set above it will be able to give mostly right answers about coordinate number pairs that were not in the example set by "generalizing" the idea.
Another cool thing is that the trained perceptron network once trained is really only one or two lines of code. That means that even though as in this overdone example we might have hundreds of lines of code to build and train the network the resulting network is just a couple lines of code. So the completed robot only needs a couple of lines of code to use the neural network. Now if being simple is good, then here we have a one or two lines of code that can generalize ideas! Just think of where you can go from here with more complex stuff.
Still more cool things about this is that we dont have to use code at all to use the network. What you say how can this be? It's true since you can build a neural network from transistors. The trick here is to build a transistor circuit that acts like the neural net in the code simulation. This can be done but would require writing the code to simulate transistors as part of the perceptron impliemenation. This is not too hard but does take some work.
Download the example programs and code
To use the program unzip it and run p1.exe a dos program. Press the space bar to see the next step or press escape to quit. The source code is included.
p1.zip about 50k.
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The Surefire M300 Mini Scout is a lightweight yet powerful 500 lumen weapon-mounted light. The virtually indestructible LED is focused by a TIR lens into a high-intensity beam offering plenty of reach for close to mid-range operations. A single 123A battery powers the M300 for one hour.
The durable M300 securely and easily attaches to MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rails using its integral thumbscrew clamp.
Momentary or constant modes can be activated by pressing or clicking the tailcap switch, a pressure-activated tape switch is also available.
- Durable ultra-high-output LED generates 500 lumens of blinding light
- A single battery produces tactical-level light for 1 hour
- Ideal for close-to longer-range operations due to the TIR lens shapes versatile beam pattern
- Rugged hard-anodized aluminum body, o-ring seals and tempered window
- Activated via Z68 momentary/constant-on switching with protective shroud around pushbutton switch
- Thumbscrew mount attaches securely & quickly to MILSTD-1913 rails