Help with KGNU's AM signal
Help receiving with an AM radio
In the daytime, KGNU's AM signal covers the Denver Metro area and beyond.
At nightime, to avoid interference to other radio stations at the same frequency in other areas, the FCC ordered us to reduce our power.
Then, many people outside of our main coverage areas find it difficult to tune in.
Therefore, we would like to suggest some options for improving KGNU AM reception at home.
Make sure there's an antenna:
If your radio has a connection in the back for an AM antenna (often a loop antenna) make sure there is one connected.
Turn the antenna:
KGNU's AM transmitter is in Englewood.
Turn the radio's AM antennas so that it faces our transmitter.
Make your own AM antenna:
If you want, you can make your own AM antenna with a long piece of wire.
If your radio has a connection for a loop antenna, use two wires, one on each terminal.
Listen in your car.
Not only are car radios better radios, but they get a better signal just by virtue of being outdoors.
Reduce interference from electronic devices
Over the years, the AM signal has been battered by background noise from more and more devices such as computers.
Try reducing that intereference.
Recognizing interference from other radio stations
- Try moving the radio's antenna.
- To identify which device causes the intereference, turn off each electronic device in your home, one at a time.
After turning it back on, reposition it or its cables to see if it makes a difference.
- If the interference comes from your neighbors, their equipment may be in violation of FCC rules. Talk to your neigbhors first.
At the fringe of our signal area, and especially at night, you may experince interference from other radio stations.
Unfortunately, there isn't much that can be done.
Dealing with changes in the signal strength
We often get calls from listeners who no longer get a clean signal.
Other than the fact that we go to low power at night, the strength of our signal is kept very constant, so we don't believe that's the reason.
- Changes in the weather do make a difference. These should be self-correcting
- If the quality of your signal is reduced and remains reduced, it may be because something changed in your immediate surroundings: a new source of interference (see elsewhere in this page) or your antenna changed (connections or orientation).
KGNU streams its signal on the Worldwide Web
An alternative to our broadcast signal is our internet streaming.
Please check the Listen page.
KGNU broadcasts at 88.5 FM as well
The reach of our FM signal is limited, but the quality is better, especially for music.
We want to meet your needs as our listeners, and involve you in this unique form of independent media and communication that KGNU is.
We hope these options provide you with viable solutions to your present reception difficulty.
Please Call us or email us if we can be of further assistance.
Dealing with intereference from our AM signal
KGNU broadcasts legally as authorized by the FCC.
Any interference to your equipment from KGNU is your responsibility, not KGNU's.
However, as a gesture of good will, KGNU may help you mitigate such interference to your equipment.
One reason that AM receivers are so cheap, is that just about any electronic device can pick it up, whether intentionally or not!
If the signal is sufficienly strong, even a penny placed by your ear can pick up an AM station!
This is bad news for people who are very close to an AM transmitter: just about anything with a loudspeaker can pick-up the sound of the AM station, especially telephones.
Electronic equipment should be designed to be able to stand such interference (that's what that tag "FCC part 15" on the back of it means).
However, some manufacturers cheat, and some equipment is not properly installed, so interference is heard.
These are some of the things you can try.
- For telephones:
- If you hear it in only one phone: that's the culprit.
- If you hear it in all phones: disconnect each device plugged into a telephone outlet in turn (don't forget computer modems, Caller ID devices, answering machines...) until the interference goes away. That last device is the culprit.
- If you hear it in all phones, no mater what's disconnected: check that the telephone junction box outside your home is properly grounded.
- For other devices: if they should be grounded, make sure they are.
- Radio Shack sells clamp-on, split bead, ferrite filters. Try installing them in cables connected to the device.
- Since it is the device's fault, try returning it to the store. Don't get another one like it: it will be the same. Instead, buy something of better quality.
If you experience interference from KGNU while tuned to KRMA Channel 6, in Boulder County, then it's interference from our FM transmitter.


Home technology has greatly improved over the last few years, improving functionality and energy efficiency. But some smart home features carry more value than others. Here are the features that will not only help you enjoy your home more, but will also make the home more appealing when it’s time to sell.
The Nest Thermostat is controlled with your smart phone, and it learns the schedule of the home’s occupants. It adjusts the temperature according to your schedule, which saves on energy costs, since heating and cooling will be reduced when appropriate. The Nest Thermostat has earned glowing reviews and almost universal praise, so it’s one of the surest bets for your home.
Lighting is an overlooked part of home security—leaving the lights on in the evening can deter burglars, because the lights suggest someone is home. With automatic and smart lighting systems, you can program your lights to come on in the evening, or use your smartphone to turn on the lights before you arrive at home.
Gone are the days of controlling your security system from a panel inside the home. Now there are security systems that you can control from anywhere in the world using your phone. You can monitor your home from anywhere, without having to pay a montly fee to a security company.


The smartphone is powered by the Qualcomm SDM730 Snapdragon 730 Octa-core processor. The smartphone comes with a 5.81 inches IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen and 1080 x 2340 pixels resolution.
The screen of the device is protected by Corning Gorilla Glass 3. The rear camera consists of a single 12.2 MP (wide) with LED flash, Auto-HDR, and panorama.
The front camera has an 8 MP (wide). The smartphone comes with Fingerprint (rear-mounted), accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass, and barometer. The smartphone is fueled by a Non-removable Li-Po 3140 mAh + Fast charging 18W + USB Power Delivery 2.0.
The Google Pixel 4a comes in a single color Black. It features a 3.1, Type-C 1.0 reversible connector, GPS with A-GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, QZSS, and Bluetooth 5.1. The device runs on Android 10.
The device is built with Glass front (Gorilla Glass 3), plastic back, and plastic frame. The dimension of the smartphone is 144 x 69.4 x 8.2 mm and weighs 143 grams.
Call to check if we have it in stock
📍2800 N. Main St. Santa Ana 📍394 S. Tustin St. Orange


Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Joachim Denzler
Joachim Denzler is full Professor for Computer Science at the Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, head of the Chair for Computer Vision. His research interests comprise the automatic analysis, fusion, and understanding of sensor data, especially development of methods for visual recognition tasks, dynamic scene analysis, and causal reasoning. He is contributing to the areas of object recognition and tracking, multivariate time series analysis, and applications like climate science, medicine, and psychology.


01 - Photochromic Filter (Colour-Changing)
As the name suggests, colour changing lenses darken when exposed to a sufficient amount of ultraviolet (UV) light, and this effect is reversible in the absence of high exposure to UV light. Hence, they protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.
02 - Blue Light Filter
Lenses with blue light filter block out the harmful blue rays emitted from digital devices (i.e. Phone, Computer, etc) that might be causing eye strains experienced after long hours of screen time.


Meat food is rich in nutrients such as water, protein and fat. It is a good medium for microorganisms, and its high activity of tissue enzymes causes the biggest difficulty in meat preservation, cryopreservation is a good solution to this difficulty. However, frozen meat must be thawed for cooking and eating, improper thawing can also lead to quality and safety issues. Uniform and fast, water retention and high safety are the most basic requirements for meat thawing.
At present, the common thawing methods for meat mainly use external heating methods such as convection, conduction or radiation (such as: natural air thawing, running water, thawing, hot water, thawing, etc.) and dielectric induction internal heating methods such as low frequency, high frequency or microwave (eg: microwave thawing). Practice has proved that the ordinary heating method has low thawing efficiency, large juice loss rate, and easy introduction of microbial contamination, which is not conducive to food quality and safety. The dielectric induction heating has high requirements on the meat itself and the operating conditions, and the internal thawing is prone to obvious unevenness and local overheating.
Meat microwave thawing machine
Meat thawing microwave equipment structure diagram
Step 1: Open the box door 1, place the frozen meat on the rotating tray of the pressure sensor 10 and close the box door 1;
Step 2: Start the power supply, the PLC system 13 preset vacuum degree is 93 kPa, the humidity is 80%-85%; the light source 6 is turned on; the pressure sensor reads the frozen product quality; the PLC system 13 controls the motor 12 to drive the pressure sensor 10 to automatically rotate; The CCD camera lens 8 collects spectral information and 3D images of the frozen product; retrieving the spectral image in the database to identify the initial temperature, type, size and shape of the frozen product;
Step 3: The PLC system 13 sets the voltage and time t required for thawing according to the identified frozen product information;
Step 4: The CPU in the PLC system 13 issues an instruction to activate the vacuuming device 16, so that the vacuum in the chamber of the upper chamber reaches 93 kPa, and then the humidifier 4 is opened, the humid steam is introduced and the humidity thereof reaches 80%-85%; Finally, the high voltage generating device 15 is activated, and the high voltage generating device 15 outputs a voltage of 15-25 kV to form a high voltage electrostatic field between the negative electrode plate 7 and the positive electrode plate 9, and the generated corona wind acts on the frozen product until the thawing ends; Open the normal pressure valve, and after the normal pressure is restored in the cavity of the upper chamber, the defrosted meat can be taken out.
Over the years, our company has been committed to the manufacture and sale of high quality microwave equipment and has many old customers. Have a good reputation and credibility, if you want to start a new business, please feel free to contact us. Look forward to working with you.
Meat Thawing Microwave Equipment Images


Department of Distributed and Dependable Systems
Department of Distributed and Dependable Systems is responsible for research and education in the advanced techniques for building reliable component-based software especially in the field of distributed and dependable systems, spanning from smart cyber-physical systems and IoT to cloud-based backends. The department research comprises advanced software architectures, adaptation, model-driven development, model-based testing, formal verification of software, performance measurement and modeling.
The department actively collaborates on the national and international level with both academic and industrial partners and is responsible for different courses for both bachelor and master students.
- Associate Professors
- Assistant Professors


In today's safety conscious society, security systems have become an essential prerequisite in most human centric spaces, especially in malls, hotels, schools, governmental buildings, gas stations, and others.
We are a registered company in Abu Dhabi's MCC for security and CCTV systems and have completed hundreds of projects that have obtained approval and certification from Abu Dhabi's MCC, Dubai's SIRA and Sharjah's Police Department.
Our dedicated team of engineers can design extremely secure CCTV systems that can reliably monitor and store continuous streams of data to provide the utmost protection required.
Our systems are comprised of the most advanced cameras, servers, switches, VMS, cables, and storage units. Furthermore, these applications can be connected to building management systems, external servers, and data centers.
For your requirements please drop us a line through our contact page and a representative will be in touch very shortly.


Salient Features of Linux Operating System
Linux operating systems has world wide use. It’s the operating system used by more than 95% of the world’s supercomputers. World's leading IT companies like Google, Facebook, Netflix use Linux extensively. Android OS is another flavour of Linux OS.
Following are the important features of Linux Operating System:
① Multitasking: several programs run at the same time.
② Multiuser : several users can work on the same server machine at the same time (and no two-user licenses!).
③ Multi-platform: runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel.
④ Multiprocessor/multi-threading: it has native kernel support for multiple independent threads of control within a single process memory space.
⑤ Protected Memory Process: It has memory protection between processes, so that one program can't bring the whole system down.


As the scale and dimensionality of data continue to grow in many applications of data analytics (e.g., bioinformatics, finance, computer vision, medical informatics), it becomes critical to develop efficient and effective algorithms to solve numerous machine learning and data mining problems. This tutorial will focus on simple yet practically effective techniques and algorithms for big data analytics.
In the first part, we plan to present the state-of-the-art large-scale optimization algorithms, including various stochastic gradient descent methods, stochastic coordinate descent methods and distributed optimization algorithms, for solving various machine learning problems. In the second part, we will focus on randomized approximation algorithms for learning from large-scale data. We will discuss i) randomized algorithms for low-rank matrix approximation; ii) approximation techniques for solving kernel learning problems; iii) randomized reduction methods for addressing the high-dimensional challenge. Along with the description of algorithms, we will also present some empirical results to facilitate understanding of different algorithms and comparison between them.
This tutorial is intended for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners who are interested in solving big data analytics problems. Through this tutorial, the audience will gain a comprehensive understanding of the basic theories and techniques for improving the scalability of learning algorithms. The audience will be able to learn the key messages about the appropriateness of different algorithms for different problems. Big data analytics has become one of the core areas of KDD, attracting researchers and papers interested in efficient and distributed data mining platforms and algorithms, distributed computing (cloud, map-reduce, MPI), large-scale optimization, and novel statistical techniques for big data.
The audience is expected to have the basic knowledge of machine learning, convex optimization and linear algebra. Experience with stochastic optimization/randomized algorithms for solving big data analytic problems will be a plus.
Slides presented at the tutorial are here.


- NXP i.MX 28 SODIMM-200 CPU-Module (before Freescale)
- Low power module
- Trizeps SODIMM-200 compatible
- Onboard μSD Socket
- 2x FlexCAN and 2x Ethernet
|Processor||Low Power NXP i.MX 28x CPU, 454MHz (before Freescale)|
|Options: i.MX 287, i.MX 283|
|Options: 128 MB (256 MB on request)|
|Flash Storage||Onboard 4 Bit wide μSD Socket, onboard NAND-Flash (on request)|
|Options: μSD Socket for Cards up to 32 GB, NAND-Flash-Type: 512MB (on request)|
|Onboard Features||Display Interfaces: LCD 24 Bit RGB (WVGA: 800x480)|
|Interfaces: USB2.0 Host and OTG, 2x FlexCAN, RTC, SPDIF, Adress-Data-Bus, 5x UARTs, 4 x SSP (Synchronous Serial Port), 2x I2C, 2x SPI, GPIOs, 2x PWMs|
|Ethernet: Onboard 10/100 Mbit RMII PHY and second 10/100 Mbit interface|
|Audio Codec: i2S Audio Codec SGTL5000 with 4 wires res. Touch, 4x 32-bit timers and rotary decoder, 8 General Purpose 12-bit ADC channels and single 2 Msps ADC channel|
|Power: High-Eff. PMU with on-chip DC/DC, supports Li-Ion batteries incl. charging|
|SODIMM200 Card Edge Connector: Pin compatible to Trizeps III, IV, IV-M, IV-WL, V and VI CPU modules|
|General Details||Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows Embedded CE 6.0 R3, Compact 7, Linux on request|
|Voltage Supply: +3V3 DC (5V on request)|
|Operating Temperature: -40°C ... +85°C industrial (Temperature sensor for thermal protection)|
|Board Dimensions: 67.6 x 25.0 x 6.4 mm (incl. μSD Socket)|
|Environmental Standard: RoHS, REACH, WEEE|
|Availability: 10 years form, function*|
To ensure a constantly high quality, each individual CPU module is passed through a multi-stage test. The test result covers 100% of all interfaces.
- AOI/MOI: Multiple automatic and manual optical control of each CPU module during the production.
- JTAG/Boundary Scan Test: JTAG/Boundary Scan Test: The signal of each pin which is accessible via the JTAG chain is checked for connection, shorts, missing pull-up/down resistors. The DDR Ram is tested for row/column pin assignment.
- Functional tests of high-speed and analog interfaces (Ethernet, display, USB, audio, etc.) which are not testable via JTAG, GPS test on request.


IBM LAUNCHES WATSON ASSISTANT
Las Vegas, Nev./FPSnewswire/March 20, 2018 -- At the IBM THINK 2018 conference, IBM launched Watson Assistant, an enterprise AI assistant that businesses can use to make their customers lives easier by personalizing experiences while keeping their data secure on Tuesday, March 20, 2018 in Las Vegas, Nev. Here, a driver interacts with Watson Assistant within a “digital cockpit” from automotive electronics innovator HARMAN. The IBM offering gets to know the driver and their personal preferences to enhance the safety, convenience and comfort inside the vehicle. (Feature Photo Service)
Photo Available via Feature Photo Service
Image Available: http://archive.featurephoto.com/id/ 00003092
Providers of press releases are responsible for content and accuracy not FPSnewswire, Feature Photo Service, Inc., or related entities.


The first is dedicated to the desktop sector, with 4 execution units, it has 64 shading units, a maximum frequency of 0.
The target audience for this document is software and.
<p> <div> <div dir&92;"auto&92;"> <p dir&92;"auto&92;">The ARM cores are capable of running at up to 1.
Comparison of the technical characteristics between the graphics cards, with ARM Mali-T628 MP6 on one side and Broadcom VideoCore VI on the other side.
The MediaTek MT8167A scores 102 points in the Geekbench 5 single-core benchmark.
Prebuilt Raspberry Pi 4 Model B - Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC, Broadcom VideoCore VI, 2GB DDR4 (In-Store Only) - 34.
14 for Windows 32-bit.
1 driver called V3D and a Vulkan graphics driver called V3DV, notably used on the Raspberry Pi 4.
The Broadcom VideoCore-IV is an integrated graphics card for smartphones and tablets.
List of comparisons of technical characteristics between the graphics card Broadcom VideoCore VI and the graphics cards group Nvidia GeForce GT, with also the respective performance in the benchmarks.
Broadcom VideoCore VI graphics card performance compared to those of.
5 - GLBench 2.
threat intelligence feeds list


Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and Advanced Air Traffic Systems (M) Sdn. Bhd. (AAT) are cooperating to jointly study and develop the air traffic systems for Malaysia. The MoU provides a wider access to research and development collaboration with regards to the radar and navigation technology development.
Prof. Ir. Dr. Wahid Omar, the Vice Chancellor, UTM represents the university during the MoU signing event while AAT is represented by YBhg Dato’ Mohamad bin Munip, Director of AAT with headquarter in Glenmarie Shah Alam, Selangor witnessed by AAT Chairman, YBhg Dato’ Zolkipli Abdul.
The UTM-AAT cooperation will benefit both local university researchers in radar and navigation system technologies by tapping both AAT’s vast experience in radar and navigation technologies and solid theoretical background possessed by the university.
Through collaborative research and development programs, AAT will benefit from the diverse research talents, excellent R&D infrastructure and large pool of research students in UTM.


Up to 50kW of rapid EV charging in a compact moveable platform. The ideal solution for DC fast charging with a lower upfront investment cost and a flexible non-permanent installation. Quickly charge any electric vehicle class with a CCS1 charging plug.
As the demand for DC Fast charging increases over time, the EvoCharge power stations easily expand to meet your charging needs. Reduce overall costs upfront with the modular power cabinets and the ability to increase the number of ports & power.
Dynamic Power Sharing
Maximize the power output for all available charging ports with support for 400v and 800v EV architecture. Power is adjusted in real-time in increments of 25 kW, providing faster charging for all vehicles and improving the customer charging experience.
Improve uptime and reliability with EvoCharge’s DC Fast Charger created to provide the fastest EV charging easily. With real-time status and notifications on charger health available for owners, you’ll never be surprised. EvoCharge chargers are built for longevity, with durable components and construction for reliable operation. All DC Fast charging stations come with a yearly maintenance and monitoring plan.
Charging That Scales with Your Business
Customizable charging solutions to meet the needs of your properties. Integration with Level 2 Chargers can provide a complete integrated network to optimize cost of ownership.
Power Stations & Cabinet
Remote power stations are connected to our modular power cabinets for fully scalable installation, so you can add stations with your available power supply.
- Up to 280 kW of power per port
- Scalable cabinets up to 600 kW
- Supports 400V & 800V EV architectures
Integrated Power Station
An all-in-one DC Fast charger. Save space with the combined Power Cabinet and Power Station in a reduced footprint.
- Up to 400 kW of charging power
- Single or double power cabinets
- Maximum of 4 charge ports with additional power station
Mobile DC Charger
Provide DC Fast charging within a movable platform and without the need for a dedicated installation site.
- Powered by 480V power cable
- Up to 50kW of power per port
- CCS1 connector type
Seamlessly integrate with the EvoCharge network cloud-based software solution. Designed with the owner in mind, you get real-time metrics and monitoring to improve uptime and reliability.Learn More
Fast and frequent charging for businesses that need to keep moving. Automotive, medium- and heavy-duty applications.
- Supports 400V & 800V charging
- Easy monitoring for uptime
- Promotes sustainability initiatives
Provide convenient access to fast charging. Intelligently balance power as the demand for charging increases.
- Payment options to recoup costs
- Add ports as demand grows
- Attract visitors to public locations
Become a destination known for fast charging and attracts new customers as demand for EV charging grows.
- Add a passive revenue stream
- Attract drivers of electric vehicles
- Easily scale as needed
Offer convenient fast charging as an amenity for your customers with our fixed power stations or mobile DC charger.
- Improve customer service
- Attract electric vehicle shoppers
- Customizable for your needs


» Znalosti 2008
Event is co-sponsored by IFIP TC12.
Conference Znalosti 2008 is the seventh in conference series held in Prague (2001), Ostrava (2003), Brno (2004), Stará Lesná (2005), Hradec Králové (2006) and Ostrava (2007). The main goal of this conference is providing a platform for presenting results and discussing recent trends in research focusing on discovery, processing, retrieval, organization and presentation of knowledge.
The authors of selected invited talks and papers to be presented at the Znalosti 2008 conference will be invited to submit extended versions of their papers for publication in the Computing and Informatics journal. Submitted papers will be reviewed according journal standard reviewing procedure.
» Conference is organized by:
- Institute of Informatics and Software Engineering, FIIT SUT Bratislava
- Department of informatics, FEI VŠB-TU Ostrava
- Faculty of Informatics and Management, UHK Hradec Králové
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague
- Centre for information technologies, FEI TU Košice
- Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics Prague
- Faculty of Informatics, MU Brno
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, KU Prague


Super slim and light which easy to carry around Trendy design with metallic silver finishing Includes 78 keys for efficient data input Wired Keyboard with USB Interface Mini size which takes less desktop spaceSuper slim and light which easy to carry around
Interface: USB 2.0
Operating Voltage: 1.8-3V
Quiescent Current: 60uA
Dynamic Operating Current: 6.3mA
Key Life: 10 million times
Product Dimension: 11.20*4.72*0.78in
1 * USB Keyboard
Only the above package content, other products are not included.
Note: Light shooting and different displays may cause the color of the item in the picture a little different from the real thing. The measurement allowed error is +/- 1-3cm.


New sorting machine Planet 6G
Our latest acquisition in production is an automatic sorting machine Enclony Planet 6G. Enclony was founded in 2013 as a research and development oriented company specializing in visual analysis technology for tablet and capsule forms in the field of pharmaceutical production. In 2018, the current PLANET 6G model was developed. Enclony has its own technologies in the field of mechanics, algorithms, hardware, programs and electrical controls necessary for visual inspection. Tablets are inspected for defects using ten 2D cameras that cover the entire surface. In addition, two 3D cameras are used to analyze the height as well as engraving of the tablets. When inspecting capsules, an infrared camera is used instead of the two 3D cameras to check the capsules for their fill quantity. All tablet shapes (oblong, round, etc.) as well as capsule sizes can be inspected for defects. These include chipping, stains, dots, color deviations, foreign bodies, dents, and missing or incorrect engravings/labeling. Depending on the size of the product being inspected, between 120,000 - 350,000 tablets/h or 90,000 - 150,000 capsules/h can be inspected.


Allied Lithium Batteries are the only true Drop-in-Ready Lithium batteries for 72V vehicles.
72V x 18AH batteries connect in parallel you can anywhere from 4 to 8 batteries depending on the required distance. If you need more distance after the initial order you can order another battery and add it to the system.
Allied lithium battery chargers are made with the OEM plug-in connectors so there are no special adapters required to charge the batteries. Buyers benefit from 3x the run time, 1/2 the weight, 3500+ life cycles and our industry leading 8-year warranty!
72V 18Ah Allied Lithium Battery Reviews
As good as advertised
Installed 2 72V Lithium batteries for my EZGO.
It takes half of a charge to play our par 66 course.
As good as advertised and less then 2 hours to charge.
- Review by Gerald B.
It’s hard to imagine how much quick response power the cart now has.
Replacing the 4 lead acid batteries has removed an invisible 420lb rider from the passenger seat.
Polaris EV conversion
Customer service was excellent. Lithium batteries were ordered and were at my door on the third day after ordering.
The new Allied batteries essentially doubled my run time.
These golf cart batteries are amazing. My buggy act’s like a puppy now instead of a tired old man like it was.
Pulls better up hills, faster, longer run time, thanks Allied.
Love these Batteries!
Work great in my 2013 Club Car.
Super light and the cart performs better.
Dropped the lithium conversion kit in and I don't have to do anything else.
Perfect for 72V Golf Cart. Drop-in-Ready for EZGO, GEM and more.
Works great with 72V Minn Kota, Motorguide & Garmin trolling motors.
Drop-in Ready for most 72V applications that currently use 12V Batteries.
Why Allied Battery?
Tested and certified for all major safety approvals.
Protect Your Investment
Rugged design is built to last with warranty to match.
U.S. Owned & Operated
U.S. based company dedicated to providing fully supported lithium energy solutions.
Dash Mounted Meter
Provides real time voltage, amps and percentage of remaining charge.
72V to 12V Converter
Power 12V accessories with a waterproof converter.
15A charger with OEM or snap attachment.
Why Choose Our 72V Lithium Battery?
At Allied, we're dedicated to providing top-of-the-line power solutions for your golf carts, RVs and trolling motor boats. Our 72V lithium batteries stand out in the market for their exceptional performance, longevity, and efficiency. Here's why discerning customers consistently choose us:
Cutting-Edge Technology for Unmatched Performance
Our 72V lithium batteries incorporate cutting-edge technology, representing the pinnacle of battery innovation. Engineered with precision and expertise, these batteries deliver unrivaled performance and reliability, ensuring you never have to compromise on power.
Longevity That Goes the Distance Investing in quality pays off in the long run. With a lifespan three times longer than conventional batteries, our lithium batteries offer longevity that outlasts the competition. Say goodbye to frequent replacements and hello to years of dependable power.
Lightweight, Compact, and Portable
Designed with convenience in mind, our lithium batteries are lightweight and compact, making them perfect for on-the-go use. Whether you're powering an electric bike, scooter, or tool, our batteries provide the energy you need without weighing you down.
Rapid Charging for Maximum Convenience
Time is valuable, and waiting around for batteries to charge is a thing of the past. Our lithium batteries feature rapid charging technology, allowing you to spend less time plugged in and more time enjoying your devices.
Versatile Power for Any Application
From recreational to professional use, our 36V lithium batteries excel in a wide range of applications. Whether you're powering electric bikes, scooters, tools, or other devices, you can count on consistent, reliable performance every time.
Common 72V Lithium Questions
- Mileages based vehicles with 1-2 passenger on average terrain,
- If the vehicle regularly has 3+ passengers onboard or is driven on hilly terrains, choose the extended Range option which will produce standard range.
- Off-Road driving may derate stated miles.
- Additional batteries can be added to the cart after install! Great for users who want additional run-time after initial installation.
Allied 15A charger uses the Club Car 48V OEM plug and will use the existing port just as before. A full 48V setup will charge in 2 to 4 hours versus lead-acid batteries that require 8 to 10 hours.
Opportunity Charging: This means you can top off your Lithium Batteries any time you want without harming the batteries (just like your cell phone). You cannot do this with Lead Acid without damaging and reducing the life of the batteries.
In order to maximize the life of the Lithium battery, we require the Allied Lithium Battery Charger. Allied Lithium chargers come with OEM plugs, charge the batteries quickly and turn off when charging is complete.
Yes, Allied's rugged BMS is installed in every golf and marine battery.
Our state of the art battery management system protects the batteries from under voltage, over voltage, and will shut the battery down if a cell is out of balance.
LifePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) is the safest battery chemistry available, and is non combustible / non flammable.
Our BMS (battery management system) is integrated in each battery and will detect any problems with the performance of the battery and shut down any cells not functioning properly. The BMS will also protect the batteries from over-charging or undercharging of the batteries.
FedEx and UPS have approved our product for air and ground shipping.
Allied batteries are great for long term storage. When leaving for the season, simply unplug the batteries from the application load. Great for long winters or snow birds leaving for months.
The 72V 18Ah Lithium batteries will connect in a parallel method. Additional batteries can be added after initial installation.
It is important to have a 72V to 12V stepdown converter for ANY 12V accessories. Connecting accessories on a single battery will potentially damage your equipment.


Recently, the “railroad switch cleaning robots”, a technological innovation project of the Zhunchi Line of Xinshuo Railway, completed testing, marking another major achievement in the application of new technology in intelligent railway construction.
Railroad switches are important devices in railway transportation. Ensuring the smooth transfer and accurate placement of railroad switches are crucial to railway safety. Dirty and smudged railroad switches may cause problems such as higher transfer resistance, deformations, and incomplete switching. The newly developed railroad switch cleaning robots are a kind of automatic, intelligent equipment using technologies such as advanced sensing, motion control, smart control, man-machine interfacing, and machine learning. The robots can automatically move onto and off the tracks, transfer from one line to another, and clean and lubricate railroad switch sliding boards. Moreover, they have functions including independent identification of cleaning scope, automatic obstacle avoidance, and automatic cleaning according to preset routes. The application of the railroad switch cleaning robots is of great significance for accelerating the advancement of railroad maintenance and repair technologies and helping the Zhunchi Line go smart.
The successful testing results indicated that the railroad switch cleaning robots have met expectations in terms of functional and technical indexes. The company will further improve relevant supporting facilities to enable the robots to be officially used in railway equipment maintenance as soon as possible.


ACM SIGSIM PADS is the flagship conference for the ACM Special Interest Group on Simulation and Modeling (SIGSIM). It continues a long history and reputation for high quality papers. Building upon previous conferences that focused on parallel and distributed simulation, SIGSIM PADS broadens this scope to encompass all innovations that lie at the intersection of computer science and modeling and simulation, emphasizing discrete event simulation models. It spans both sequential as well as parallel and distributed simulation techniques. SIGSIM PADS builds upon the long history of PADS conferences dating back to 1985.
SIGSIM PADS solicits high quality papers dealing with cutting-edge research that lies at the intersection of computer science and modeling and simulation, including (but not restricted to) the following areas:
- Advanced modeling techniques, and their execution using novel simulation algorithms
- Agent-based modeling and simulation,
- Algorithms and methods for parallel or distributed simulation, including synchronization, scheduling, memory management, and load balancing.
- Applications of large-scale or distributed simulation methods.
- Development of advanced simulation engines
- Distributed simulation.
- GPU, FPGA and hybrid architecture acceleration.
- Integration of simulation with other IT systems, including automatic simulation model generation and initialization and simulation based decision-making.
- Mechanisms for efficient design of experiments.
- Modeling and Simulation applied to solve problems in previously difficult or impossible domains.
- Online and symbiotic simulation.
- Parallel algorithms and high performance simulation.
- Real-Time and Embedded Simulation
- Simulation as emulation of real systems.
- Simulation visualization techniques.
- Techniques for constructing scalable simulations.
- Tools and techniques for interoperability of simulations.


Smart Electric Grid, LLC provides robust system monitoring technology for smart grids
NDSE has solved the divergence problem of state estimator which is open for 50 years
Smart Electric Grid, LLC (SEG) aims to provide the most advanced system monitoring technology for smart grids. Since 2013 SEG has been supported by National Science Foundation SBIR program to develop robust state estimator for smart grids.
NDSE is more accurate than WLS based state estimator
With the support of NSF SBIR program, Non-Divergent State Estimator (NDSE), capable of providing a feasible voltage solution once the system is observable, was developed at SEG in 2020. NDSE is a static AC power system state estimator which can not only guarantee a feasible solution but also a more accurate solution.
An ideal offline backup state estimator
NDSE is an ideal offline backup state estimator for power companies who are willing to improve the levels of robustness and data accuracy of daily operations.
The Unique Features of NDSE:
1) Insensitive to Topology errors, Parameter errors, and Measurement errors.
2) Capable of accurately recovering the Ture values of bad data.
3) Leverage Point Does Not exist for NDSE.
4) 100% convergence once the system is observable.
5) The cutting-edge technology can be used in power transmission network SE, power distribution network SE, linear SE, as well as dynamic SE.


If you are looking to upgrade the CPU on your PC for gaming purposes, you might already be looking for the one that suits your needs. When it comes to gaming processors, the two popular and reliable brands that come into vision are Intel and AMD. You can study various features of the different Intel and AMD processors before deciding the best option for you. Intel’s Core and AMD’s Ryzen line of processors are amazing for various gaming needs.
Features to consider for comparing processors from Intel and CPU:
- Cores and Threads
The number of cores defines the number of jobs the CPU can handle simultaneously. Threads also help in speedy processing.
- Clock Speed
Another processor performance metric, clock speed is denoted by Ghz. It is the number of cycles the processor can run in a unit of time.
Thermal Design Power is the amount of heat the component is expected to give off.
Intel vs. AMD gaming processors
- AMD’s Ryzen line of processors is comparable to Intel’s Core line of processors in terms of gaming requirements.
- With Ryzen, AMD offers a multitude of cores and threads. Intel always had a great variety of processors with different cores and threads to choose from.
- Intel’s Core processors are comparatively faster. This is because of the Turbo Boost feature which significantly increases speed despite lower base clock speeds. It is only with the new line of Ryzen 3rd gen chips that you can get comparable speeds.
- Both AMD Ryzen and Intel Core have budget-friendly as well as enthusiast-friendly processors to choose from.
- All Ryzen processors can be unlocked for overlocking, while Intel Core processors with only X or K can be overclocked.
Learn more about PC gaming needs on techgeekers.com. The information there will help you choose better.


GSM VIDEO CAMERA - MICRO GSM CAMERA
Gsmvideocameras.com is chinese company belong of Wondcam Innovation Limited, We are focus on GSM Technology and Applications, we launched Micro GSM Camera, Micro GSM Bug,
Window Alarm GSM Camera,Window & Door Alarm GSM Camera and GSM Telephone Forwarder, all products are besed on GSM technic with extend applications, we also offer OEM/ODM
for your special project with our cheapest GSM solutions, it support working in worldwide(bands: 850mhz,900mhz,1800mhz and 1900mhz).
How GSM Camera Works?
GSM Camera is powerful to control by your cellphone or telephone in remote,
you can left GSM Camera
in your home,room,office,meeting room or special place, you just need make a phone call to the GSM Camera SIM number,
you can listen in or ask the Micro GSM Camera
to get picture via MMS, to start video recording or audio recording.
: just phone call the GSM camera SIM number you can listen the voice around the device, collect voice in 10~15 square meters
: Phone call to get photos from GSM camera
: Phone call to control the GSM camera to start video recording
: Phone call to control the GSM camera to start audio recording
It is a video recorder & audio recorder, do not need GSM card, support up to 5 hours video recording, over 20 hours audio recording, it is supper micro recorder
Support authoritative number, other number can’t control this GSM camera
Low battery remind, when battery used up, the GSM camera will send message “battery low” to the authoritative number
Memory full remind, when memory full, the GSM camera will send message “memory full” to the authoritative number
Voice active function, when it detected voice will phone call the authoritative number
Indoor Alarm GSM Camera
is designed for monitoring your home in secure, the infrared montion detector will activing when thief coming,
the GSM Alarm Camera will take photo for evidence, and send the photo to authoritative number,
it will phone call the authoritative number after photo sent out, you can listening in and talking to the thief for warning,built in loud speaker
can be listen your voice in 50 square meters room clearly. after phone call ended will start video reocrding 10 minutes then goto standby mode.
Window Alarm GSM Camera
is designed for protect your window or door in secure, when your door or window opened the GSM Alarm Camera will take photo for evidence, and send the photo to authoritative number,
it will phone call the authoritative number after photo sent out, you can listening in, after phone call ended will start video reocrding 10 minutes then goto standby mode.
is design for forwarding each phone calls to your appointed number, it is best for you to montoring your telephone conversation,
built in special circuit to get power from telephone system,no need to charging,it is powerful for long time montoring in your office,home,workshop and etc.
We are continuing develop new gadgets based on GSM technic,you are welcome to contact us for details.
GSM Alarm Applications:


Here is a couple of interesting manuals that will help you a lot in understanding Vehicle Bus Communications. I'll also discuss the possibility of using an Arduino interface, so get a cup/glass of your favorite beverage and settle in.
First is the owners manual for a pair of GridConnect CAN RS232 adapters. It details the use of CANbus in cars, and discusses the various speeds. I purchased two NEW CAN RS232 uVCCM adapters off eBay. https://goo.gl/6nShzN
Two adapters, two power supplies and shipping for $12.95. These are a couple of generations old, but are new in the box, never used. The current version is $122 each https://goo.gl/8HOmx9
Neither the ones I bought, nor the new ones come with cables, but (taking care about pinouts) cables can be had for about $25 https://goo.gl/r2cYpV
These are premium quality connectors, distributed by GridConnect who has really good tech support and is here in Naperville.
There is a second way to connect, much cheaper, but with some significant limitations. You can use an Arduino (a single use, single board computer, under $10 https://goo.gl/r2cYpV
) and a SparkFun shield https://goo.gl/jDK5a9
. BTW, the SparkFUN OBDII info page has a really succinct description of the various CANbus protocols.https://goo.gl/xK8crB
Now both of these solutions hook a computer (in one case a laptop, in another case an Arduino or Pi) to a DB-9 port. What you have in your car, under the dash is an OBD-II connector, also called a Data Link Connector (DLC). You just need an OBD-II to DB-9 cable. What no one tells you clearly is that while the pin configuration of the OBD-II connector is well known, there are at least two common ways to configure the pins on the DB-9. To get CANbus signals all you need is a CAN-H, a CAN-L (high and low) signal and a ground. There is a standard for putting CANbus signals on a DB-9, called CiA, and the Grid Connect uses pin 7 and pin 2 of the DB-9 for CAN-H and CAN-L. But all the arduino shields and raspberry pi shields use a different scheme, where pin 3 and pin 5 are CAN-H and CAN-L. So you have to be careful to purchase the OBD-II to DB-9 cable that goes with your particular communication pinout. And no one tells you this. Fortunately, each of these two systems have some advantages. The true CAN-RS232 adapters (Grid Connect and others) are designed to capture mounds and mounds of data off the CANbus, and you have to filter out the stuff you don't want. This is MUCH easier in Linux than in Windows, but certainly possible in either. The Arduino shields are not anywhere near as fast, but can capture what you want. Both can issue commands to the BUS, but much of the Arduino software is written so as to do very little in writing. Make the temp gauge move, or the speedometer, or clear trouble codes, but if you want much more than that, you will have to learn CANbus and write things yourself. The software you can use on a Linux laptop is much beyond the Arduino and allows you to do most of what you want.
So we have two systems to approach the CANbus, one more powerful and more expensive, and one capable of capturing data at a relatively inexpensive cost.
I started by saying the manual from GridConnect for the adapters that I bought is a great tutorial. Nicely written, and very practical. I can give you a copy of that (pdf) if you would like. The second great resource, and also a great read is "The Car Hacker's Handbook." https://goo.gl/YctY8D
You can download the book, and you will find it a well written resource. You will also want to follow the author's YouTube videos, starting with, https://goo.gl/UNlCXg
I'll bet you will want to watch a number of his videos, as he makes it seem easy.


One of the most common questions that we get all the time is what’s the best computer for rendering and modeling. The fact is, any type of modern PC could handle simple 3D tasks. But because rendering and modeling utilize a computer differently, some PCs will work better than others. To help you build the best workstation, a few recommendations:
Do I need a new computer for rendering and modeling?
Most computers could handle simple 3D tasks and if you’re still exploring a career in animation, there’s no need to buy a new computer for rendering and modeling. If you’re getting deeper into rendering or 3D modeling but you don’t have the budget for a new computer, you can always upgrade the components later on to complete more projects.
Can I do this from my laptop?
Yes, you can use a laptop for rendering and 3D modeling but the process will take a long, long time to complete. This goes especially for scenes that require complex lighting and many polygons.
Realistically, you cannot work properly if your laptop lacks the features needed to complete complex modeling and/or rendering. It’s also worth noting that 3D modeling and rendering use a computer differently. But as long as your laptop is capable of handling simple 3D tasks, you can use it for basic modeling.
A laptop with enough processing power, a good graphics card, and a suitable system memory should be enough for rendering. For 3D modeling, you’ll need a laptop with superior clock speed.
Can I do this from my Mac?
Yes, 3D modeling and rendering are possible on a MAC computer. But, there are some limitations in terms of what you can do using this computer. Thankfully, the majority of software like Maya, Nuke, Houdini, etc., are compatible with MAC OS. But the downside is that you cannot take advantage of newer GPU renderers. Also, some software applications do not have a MAC equivalent, like Katana.
If I decide that a new computer is best, what should I do?
Before buying a new computer for rendering and modeling, you have to do your research so you’ll get the best specs for the money! Get to know the minimal and optimal specs for 3D modeling or rendering then base your options on these factors. For example, if you need a PC that could handle 3D tasks quickly, opt for a computer with a fast processor, a good graphics card, and as much RAM as you can afford.
Prioritize on the processor first and the RAM and graphics card later. The RAM and graphics card could be upgraded later on.
One of the best processors in the market right now is the AMD Ryzen™.
Low tier: AMD Ryzen 3600X (12 threads)
Mid-tier: Ryzen™ 3700 or 3800x (16 thread)
High tier: AMD Ryzen™ 3900x (24thread) or 3950x (32 thread)
One of the best options for graphics cards is the NVidia RTX line. The graphics cards from the RTX line are expensive but the performance and quality are exceptional so they’re worth the investment.
Base tier: RTX 2060 Super
Mid-tier: RTX 2070 Super
High tier: RTX 2080 Super
For 3D artists, a 32 GB of RAM is great but if you’re working on high-poly meshes or complex objects, go for 64GB of RAM.
What is the cheapest computer I can buy to do 3D work?
Building a computer is your best bet if you’re looking for a cheap yet feature-rich PC. You can spend under $1000 for the parts and hand-pick the components yourself. If you’re planning on building a PC yourself for the first time, watch lots of tutorials. Here are our recommendations:
If you’d rather let an expert handle the PC building, there are companies that offer customization services. All you have to do is to pick the parts that you want and they’ll take care of the rest. Of course, this option is more expensive compared to building the PC yourself.
DIY PC Resources
If you want to build your own computer, here are the resources for you.
What about a laptop? Are there good laptops out there?
You don’t have to get the most expensive laptop for handling rendering and modeling work. In fact, any laptop that meets the minimum requirements of any animation software you want to use can be used for 3D modeling and rendering.
The key here is to find a laptop that has the features you need to make rendering and modeling faster and more efficient. Gaming laptops, in particular, make a good laptop for modeling. Here are some of the best laptops for rendering and modeling:
Acer Predator Helios 300 Gaming Laptop $1,129.99
ROG Zephyrus G15 $1,360.00
Gigabyte AERO 15 OLED $1,740
MSI P65 Creator $1,899.00
Because laptops are portable devices with powerful components, expect to pay more than $1000.
What would be a good mid-level machine?
How much does a good computer cost? Here are the price ranges:
Under $700 (AMD)
$2000 and above (Intel)
What is a professional-level computer?
If you’ve got deep pockets then we highly recommend hiring a company that could handpick the best components money could buy and build the workstation for you as well. But if you’d like a ready-to-use computer for rendering and modeling and you’re ready to invest, here are some of our recommendations:
OMEN by HP Obelisk $1,852.81
iBuyPower Pro Gaming PC $2,149.99
Alienware Aurora R6 $2,499.11
Corsair One i164 $5,549.00
Apple MacBook Pro $2,149.00
Microsoft Surface Book 2 $2,298.00
ASUS ProArt StudioBook Pro $2,999.00
Razer Blade 15 Gaming Laptop $2,299.99
And there you have it, some of our recos for the best computer for rendering and modeling! Our final advice is to be smart about the kind of computer or computer that you will get to get the most value out of your money. A new computer, after all, is not cheap especially if you’re getting a pre-built computer or a laptop.
For an in-depth look at the best computers for 3D modeling and rendering, here’s our guide.
Over to you!
There you have it. Now you know what the best computer for rendering and modeling is.
What are you looking for in a computer?
Let me know in the comments below.


How do experts use electroencephalograms (EEG’s) to read brain activity in sleeping dogs?FamilyPet
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a machine that measures electrical activity in the brain. Experts can use an EEG test to measure and record a dog’s brain activity by attaching wires to the dog’s head that send information to a computer. By doing this, experts can see the level of brain activity while the dog is sleeping, to determine sleep stages and verify if dogs truly have the ability to dream.
Many experts are very interested in whether or not dogs dream. Using an EEG test, it’s easy to see brain activity while a dog is sleeping and make some conclusions about whether or not dogs can actually dream. Dogs go through sleep cycles very similar to humans, and experience both deep sleep and REM sleep. During REM sleep, a dog’s behavior will include eye rolling, muscle twitching and audible noises.
During the REM sleep stage, an EEG test would show an increase in brain wave activity. During a deep sleep stage, the brain activity would slow and appear as undulating waves on an EEG report. When a dog enters into a sleep stage that is neither deep sleep nor light sleep, the brain waves on an EEG report would be even and elongated in appearance.


Evidence Transfer Manager Get Started
Get Started With Your ETM
Before you can begin using your ETM account please ensure you have completed the following steps
What You Will Need To Get Started
- Internet access
- The ETM
- 2 ethernet cables
- Power supply
- Use one ethernet cable to plug the PC to the ETM, and use the other cable to plug the ETM into your internet source.
- Plug the power supply into the ETM and then plug it into an outlet.
- With the PC still connected to the ETM, open your browser and enter the following address - http://10.10.1.1 .
- This takes you to the ETM configuration webpage. From here it will verify a proper connection has been established as well as providing further setup instructions.
- Remove the ethernet cable connecting the PC to the ETM
- Setup is complete.


Playful Consumer Robot from Hanson Robotics
Professor Einstein is a playful robot who connects to the cloud and interacts dynamically with an iPad or Android tablet to talk with you, share his passion for science, challenge you with brain games, and take you on a journey of fun and learning. Looking just like the Albert Einstein, with an amazingly expressive face, he will make you smile every single day.
Hanson Robotics has been developing robots for years. We are now creating a groundbreaking consumer robot that is fun and affordable!
Professor Einstein will be on display in the Hanson Robotics booth throughout the show!


Successfully protecting the environment through vehicle emissions control Is a major achievement for NGK. By working in close co-operation with vehicle manufacturers we have developed and globally marketed many of the automotive sensors that are at the heart of refined engine management systems needed to meet the demands of worldwide environmental legislation.
Nowadays, sensors send back information to an onboard computer from numerous points in a vehicle. Among the types manufactured by NGK are those that control the air/fuel ratio, exhaust gas sensors designed to be used according to a customer's specifications, and combustion sensors that help control ignition timing.
The superiority of NGK sensors has resulted in them being increasingly specified as OE on many new models. For example, every Ford Modeo petrol model is equipped with NGK isolated ground heated exhaust gas oxygen sensors, endorsing NGK's premier position at the forefront of sensor technology.
NGK will continue to exchange technical expertise and improve service activities with customers, to ensure that the "Clean Technology" status of our sensors is enhanced even further, protecting the environment for generations to come.
NGK has developed special ceramics for vehicles for use in parts as oxygen sensors, which play an important role in auto emission purifying systems.


LED lights are being used more frequently and are growing in popularity for several reasons. Over 30 years ago, they first began to replace incandescent lights. This includes for such purposes as directional signal lights, vehicle brake lights, and traffic lights. Currently, the benefits of LED lights are being recognized for commercial businesses and residential properties. Furthermore, these lights are also being used in recreational vehicles such as waterproof LED light strips for boats.
The Benefits of LED Lighting Sources
Incandescent lamps are able to convert between nine and ten percent of the energy that is directed into the light. LEDs, however, are able to convert almost 100% of the energy they consume into light. These lights can also be recycled, which is of benefit to the environment and cost effective. Recent data indicates that a minimum of 95% of each LED light can actually be recycled.
Waterproof LED Light Strips for Boats
Boating enthusiasts will be happy to know that there are a variety of LED lights available. This includes marine LED spreader lights, marine LED light bars, and RGB rock lights. There are a variety of colors available as well, such as black, blue, green, and red lights.
LED Lights for Residential Usage
It’s important to note that residential LEDs use less energy and last longer than incandescent lighting sources. Recent figures indicate that these light sources will not only use 75% less energy, they will also last 25 times longer than their incandescent counterparts. When Americans opt for using an Energy Star LED light rather than a single incandescent light bulb, it would be comparable to removing emissions from 648,000 cars. Given that so many households put up holiday lights throughout the country, if just half, or 50% of incandescent lights were replaced with LED holiday lights, approximately $17.2 billion could be saved.
The Future of LED Lighting
By 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy estimates that 50% of residential light sockets will be for LEDs. The department has also estimated that LEDs will be adopted for both commercial and residential lighting. Over the next two decades, predictions indicate that this will bring savings of roughly $265 billion.
Learn More About the Benefits of LEDs
Once you contact a representative to learn about LED lights for commercial, residential, and recreational purposes, you will be able to learn even more about saving energy as well as overall costs. Since LEDs consume less energy and are longer lasting than incandescent bulbs, they are the most efficient and effective choice. Whether you are interested in purchasing LED lights for your business, home, or waterproof LED light strips for boats, you will notice the difference in your overall energy usage and utility bills.


The ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES Radeon R5 graphics greeting card is a great addition to any gaming computer. It could possibly effortlessly copy huge amounts of data at a high rate of velocity, which makes it ideal for video and computer image enthusiast. The answer why this greeting card is so well-known is because of the numerous features it offers. It’s not too expensive compared to additional cards that can be purchased and can go with virtually any size case.
This card was first introduced in-may 2021 and became available in the form of the Bonaire computer chip. After spending a little while in beta testing, the modern R5 graphics card was finally unveiled to the open public a few several weeks later. Subsequently it has quickly gained attraction among PC gamers. A lot of experts feel that the new R5 is much quicker than the R4 that was introduced just some months previously, which can be why novice gaining in popularity consequently quickly.
The brand new card offers a great deal of creativity over its predecessors. For instance, the new R5 graphics greeting card has two plug-ins, allowing it to support dual online video cards in a single motherboard. As well, the card supports Eyefinity multi-depth as well as True Visual Technology, which is new technology that allows users to increase their particular visual knowledge through a selection of enhancements https://digitalboneyard.net/game-development-internships-2021/ to the images of the display. These are are just some of the new additions to the world of the AMD R5 graphics credit card.


Another year beckons, promising yet more lively debate on the joys and perils of technology once reserved for gadget-loving hobbyists, but now the hot topic on everyone’s lips.
This year we have seen a serious discussion surrounding artificial intelligence and its potential effects on human civilization, Silicon Valley giants’ responsibility when it comes to extremism and terrorism along with incredible advances that could shape healthcare for the better.
Virtual hangout spaces, biometric security and robotic companions are among the innovations poised to become part of our lives over the coming months, according to analysts at the Consumer Electronic Show in Las Vegas this week.
So what is next? Here are our predictions for technology events to come in 2018.
5G will enable much faster connectivity
Introduced last year, 5th generation mobile networks and wireless systems (5G) will start to proliferate and make their way into homes and smartphones towards the end of 2018.
The greater bandwidth capacity, which Verizon and Samsung are planning to role out later this year, will help to speed up downloads and communication between internet-connected devices. For example, movies that took almost a day to download on 3G and several minutes on 4G will be available in seconds using 5G.
The improved capacity will also enable the connection of more nodes and sensors across cities to make them smarter, and bring down the latency of data transfer to almost zero, crucial for systems like self-driving vehicles.
Digital assistants will become part of the furniture
Smart speakers enjoyed a bumper year in 2017, with products that integrate Amazon’s Alexa and Google’s Assistant seeing a dramatic surge in sales. Many more from a variety of companies are set to launch imminently, with uptake predicted to increase this year and peak in 2019.
Assistants will also break out of speaker format, and be incorporated into other everyday products – cars, mirrors, shower heads – as we become more used to using speech commands, and the computers become better at identifying individual voices! Ready for the revolution?
Artificial intelligence will try to gain our trust
As digital systems take on more and more of our tasks, they will learn more about us and our habits. This will allow the development of better predictive algorithms to cater to our tastes, which could be used by anyone from retailers and entertainment services to accountants.
Increased knowledge will also eventually enable the systems to converse with their users, and explain why they make certain choices. This will help skeptics to overcome trust issues they might have with intelligent systems!
Robots will become our companions
Like last year, companion robots will be everywhere. These cute-looking machines, like Kuri, are physical manifestations of digital assistants – integrating speakers for playing communicative feedback sounds and music, as well as cameras to capture moments around the house and help with surveillance.
Using facial recognition, they can identify family members and pets, and follow them around when necessary to provide assistance. They will also be able to show emotions through lighting and “facial expressions” on displays.
Biometrics will help keep our personal property safe
Many people already unlock their smartphones with their thumbprints, but this and other types of biometric security technology are set to become much more widespread. Anything that needs to be kept secure, from possessions in a locker to data on a computer, will be accessible through one of several body-activated systems.
Biometrics will also help to customise our environments, particularly facial recognition – brought to global attention last year with the launch of the iPhone X. This will be integrated into cars, where windshield sensors will pick up on who’s behind the wheel, and automatically adjust the seat, mirrors, radio station etc to the driver’s preferences.
VR will revolutionize social media
Virtual reality has so far mainly been used in the gaming and entertainment industries, often via clunky headsets. But the technology will be picked up by the industrial and commercial sectors to improve workflow, thanks to lighter eyewear, and improved connection speeds that will allow for faster wireless data transfer.
This will also have an impact on social media. Users will soon be able to “meet” each other and hang out in digital spaces rather than just liking photos and commenting on status updates!
AR will become part of daily life
Meanwhile, augmented reality will make its way onto handheld devices in a much greater capacity than currently seen. After Pokémon Go introduced the technology to the masses, areas like navigation, interior design, advertising will all benefit from AR – which overlays digital information onto real-time imagery on a screen.
Developer kits on iOS and Android are allowing more software engineers to include AR capabilities in their apps, which will result in a lot more handset up, head up, and less looking down and bumping into people on the sidewalk.
Are you excited as much as we are? Which one of these potentially life-changing innovations caught your attention the most? Leave us a comment in the section below!


Before getting into the workings and basics of the IOT, it is important to understand what IOT is. The IOT stands for the Internet of things. It describes and refers to the network of all physical objects. These objects are embedded with software, sensors along other technologies, which have the main purpose to connect and exchange data through the internet, to other devices.
These devices consist of the most important and popular ones which are basic and usual household items but can also be in the form of a professional industrial tool.
Importance of the IOT today
There is great importance for the Internet of Things development services nowadays, due to the connection of everyday objects to the internet, through embedded devices. These everyday objects can be kitchen appliances, thermostats, or even baby monitors. These are connected to the internet through such embedded devices, enabling communication between people, as well as things and processes. IoT is gradually making our lives easier by bringing the Internet and everyday things together. Sumatosoft explains what exactly IoT is, the development tools, security, and IoT future here https://sumatosoft.com/blog-
What is the USR IOT?
The USR IOT tends to be a communication brand or company that mainly helps to provide network transmission devices. The main objective of USR IOT is to give network solutions specifically on an industrial level. They offer the different techniques of hardware and software that help the customers to build the IOT system for the industry.
It includes industrial routers, serial to Ethernet converters, IOT modules as well as Ethernet switches. Customers can get these products at very affordable prices, and make the industrial internet network more efficient. These products are very reliable and easy to use. Moreover, the products have particularly designed for fire alarm, power distributing networks, sharing economy, medical terminal, and many others.
Additionally, when we talk about the industrial level, it uses smart lock door, intelligent parking, vending machine, intelligent charging pile, remote monitoring, and others. By using USR IOT products, you can find a strong network as well as transmission devices on an industrial level.
USR IOT’s Ethernet converters/ WIFI
The serial to Ethernet converters is an IoT device that is used to connect the devices with various serial interfaces to the network of the local area. This helps the transmission of the serial data over the Ethernet.
There is a physical wire Ethernet used, which has a network connection on one side, and there are serial ports on the other one. These converters help with enabling network/ WIFI access to the devices that are attached.
These converters have great importance in making it easier and possible to use electronic equipment on the Ethernet network, which makes the M2M communication possible as well.
Through these systems, the serial to Ethernet converters can easily communicate with other devices. There is no software programming or any intermediate host PC’s needed for this communication to take place.
The USR IOT offers these products to ensure reliable iot solutions for hotels with remote management and secure connections.
USR IOT’s cellular routers
Cellular routers have a wide range. These cellular routers enable a good quality and high performance of the connectivity, especially in commercial and retail applications. These need to work for these applications due to no availability of wired connections.
These routers support secure VPN connections, along with the dynamic IP routing and the static. There is also the support of this connection provided to the NAT, port forwarding, and the stateful packet inspection firewall as well.
USR IOT’s modems
The Cellular modems available through the USR IOT are available in a wide range e.g. the 2G, 3G, and the 4G lite as well.
These modems tend to be extremely intelligent as well as compact. They are specifically made for industrial solutions, which make more use of the M2M communication method. These modems from the USR IOT provides reliable wireless connections that stay stable for a long time, and it enables transmission of transparent data for the users as well. It shows how efficient it is.
The major advantage is that these modems can be used without wiring, within the remote equipment monitoring, and for managing this system as well.
How does an IOT system work?
Using a search engine can clear up the meaning of a term, but you wouldn’t understand how it works until you make use of the information provided and try practically observing it.
The IOT systems consist of four components that are pretty distinct from each other. These include the sensors/devices, the connectivity, the data processing, and then the user interface.
Each component holds its role within the IOT system.
Devices/Sensors The sensors and devices are an important component of an IOT system. It is used to collect data from the environment of the system.
After the devices and sensors do their work, the next component plays its role. The data is then sent to the cloud. However, this is the question of how the data would reach the cloud. This is possible if the sensors and devices are connected to the cloud through methods like WIFI, Bluetooth, cellular, or any low power-wise area networks. There can be an option to connect directly to the internet through Ethernet as well.
- Data processing
After the data reaches the cloud, the software needs to start processing it. This tends to be a simple step, but it is important to keep a check, as it can get pretty complex as well.
- User interface
After the data is properly processed, the information collected through this data is made useful for the user. This can be done through many means of communication e.g. through email, text, notification, or even a sheet.
The users tend to have an interface, as it allows them to keep a check on the system.
An IOT system (Internet of Things system) consists of four main components, which have their important roles to perform for the system. It enables the essential and sensitive information reaching the users via communication methods. However, it is necessary to understand that the input of the user is essential as well, especially if the user needs to check the system. The user interface enables them to keep a check. Follow Techrado for more Tech News and Updates.


The SolarWind® Turbine Breakthrough
Two Technologies, Smaller Footprint, Higher Output
Bluenergy Solarwind, Inc. (BSW) has developed the world’s first integrated wind turbine that builds solar panels into the turbine itself to maximize energy production using both the wind and the sun. The Solarwind® vertical-axis turbine is beautiful, powerful, silent, and safe – designed for urban and suburban on-site power generation, where the power is needed most and where people live and work. This is a true technological breakthrough that significantly reduces the amount of space needed to generate solar and wind energy in non-rural areas, while significantly increasing energy output in a small, scalable footprint.


Solar Estimator: Use of PVWatts
Solar & Wind Energy Calculations
Solar Estimate has created an improved solar calculator by taking the production data provided by PV Watts and adding information about the average cost of installed solar systems and also up to date information about solar rebates and solar incentives that you are entitled too. This means the solar estimate solar calculator can give you a more accurate idea of the financial returns from going solar not just the amount of energy that a solar system will produce.
Calculate your savings and ROI from
buying Solar Panels for your home
Our Solar & Wind Energy Calculator and financial analysis software is driven by PVWatts together with our extensive databases of solar and wind ratings, regional weather conditions, applicable solar and wind incentives and utility rates.
|How to get a
» Solar & Wind Estimator for your Website
Solar Calculations: PV Watts analysis
Solar Electric (PV): We use PVWatts to help develop solar energy calculations: analyze solar ratings and photovoltaic (PV) array performance for a given location. Then our solar analysis software sizes your system, estimates cost, applies local, state, federal and utility tax, purchase and use (power production) incentives. Finally, the solar estimator outputs a summary of results, including detailed financial analysis of a solar electric (PV) system suggested to meet your needs at your specific location.
Solar Thermal (water, pool, spa heating): We use PVWatts to determine solar ratings for a given location. Then the solar estimator software pulls from our extensive database of local weather data to estimate monthly low, mean and high temperatures at your location to make solar energy calculations. The solar estimator then sizes your solar thermal system, estimates cost, applies local, state, federal and utility tax, purchase and use (power production) incentives. Finally, the solar estimator outputs a summary of results, including detailed financial analysis of a solar thermal energy system to meet your needs at your specific location.
PVWatts is a solar energy system performance calculator for Grid-Connected PV Systems.
PVWATTS calculates electrical energy produced by a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory developed PVWATTS to permit non-experts to quickly obtain performance estimates for grid-connected PV systems within the United States and its territories.
In a grid-connected PV system, PV modules, wired together to form a PV array, pass DC electricity through an inverter to convert it into AC power. If the PV system AC power is greater than the owner's needs, the inverter sends the surplus to the utility grid for use by others. The utility provides AC power to the owner at night and during times when the owner's requirements exceed the capability of the PV system.
Wind Calculations: Wind Resource Data
For wind turbine calculations we utilize a wind rating based upon the average monthly wind speed (m/s) near your location (nearest latitude and longitude derived from your postal code or zip code). Our data reference source is the NASA Surface meteorology data from the Atmospheric Data Center. This data is based upon satellite-derived data over a 22-year period. The data is compiled for each degree of latitude and longitude (each degree represents about 69 ground miles).
Weibull Shape Factor
We use the Weibull distribution to estimate the energy recovered by a wind turbine using a shape factor (λ). We default to a shape factor of 2 (the "Rayleigh" distribution). The higher the value of shape factor (from 1 to 3) the higher the median wind speed - i.e. locations with lots of low wind speeds as well as some very strong winds would have a value of shape of below 2, locations with fairly consistent wind speeds around the median would have a shape value of 3. Typical Weibull distributions are shown below. On this graph, one (1) represents the average and the graph shows how wind speed is expected to vary in probability around that average.
Rayleigh Distribution (where λ = 2) is shown below.
|Suggested Books to Help You Learn More|
Solar Water heating


AI Product Manager interviews assess candidates' ability to lead and innovate within the dynamic field of artificial intelligence. This guide is designed for experienced Product Managers preparing for interviews where AI, LLMs, Machine Learning, and Generative AI are integral components.
What to Expect:
Expect questions that delve into your understanding of AI technologies, your technical knowledge, and your ability to drive innovation while considering regulations, privacy, and security.
Deepen your knowledge of AI, machine learning, and generative AI. Understand how these technologies can be applied to enhance existing products or create new AI-based products. Familiarize yourself with ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks related to AI.
Stay updated on recent advancements in AI technologies and their applications.
Showcase your ability to balance technical expertise with a keen product sense.
Emphasize experiences where you've navigated regulatory and privacy challenges in AI product development.
How would you apply generative AI to enhance user engagement in a non-AI product?
Discuss a strategy for incorporating machine learning into a product to personalize user experiences.
Explain how you would approach the development of an AI-based product while ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.
How do you balance the potential of AI with ethical considerations in product management?
Share insights on the security measures you would implement in an AI product to protect user data.
Technical Interview Preparation for AI PMs
Technical interviews for AI Product Managers assess your understanding of AI technologies, their applications, and your ability to make informed decisions in the AI product development process.
What to Expect:
Expect questions that delve into your technical knowledge of AI, machine learning, and generative AI. Prepare to discuss the technical aspects of your past AI product management projects.
Brush up on technical concepts relevant to AI product management. Familiarize yourself with AI frameworks and tools. Understand how technical decisions impact AI product development.
Explore recent developments in AI frameworks and algorithms.
Practice discussing the technical aspects of your past AI product management projects.
Stay informed about ethical considerations in AI and how they influence technical decisions.
How would you approach integrating a new machine learning model into an existing AI product?
Discuss the technical challenges of implementing a new AI feature in a privacy-sensitive environment.
Explain the role of data analytics in shaping decisions for an AI-based product.
How do you handle a situation where a proposed AI feature is technically complex but crucial for a product's success?
Can you discuss a situation where you had to work closely with AI engineers to overcome a technical obstacle?
Leveraging LLMs and Generative AI in Product Management
Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI have transformed the landscape of product management, enabling innovative solutions and personalized user experiences. This section explores the role of LLMs and Generative AI in product management and how Product Managers can effectively leverage these technologies.
What to Expect:
Interviewers may inquire about your understanding of LLMs and Generative AI, their applications in product management, and your experience integrating them into product development processes.
Deepen your knowledge of LLMs, such as GPTs, and Generative AI. Understand their capabilities, limitations, and potential impact on product innovation. Showcase experiences where you've successfully incorporated these technologies into product strategies.
Stay informed about the latest developments in LLMs and Generative AI.
Demonstrate how LLMs and Generative AI can enhance user experiences and drive innovation in product features.
Highlight instances where you've navigated challenges specific to integrating these technologies into product development.
How would you utilize LLMs to enhance the natural language processing capabilities of a product?
Discuss a strategy for implementing Generative AI to create personalized content within a product.
Explain the potential impact of LLMs on user engagement and interaction within a product.
Share insights on balancing the benefits of Generative AI with ethical considerations in product development.
Can you provide an example of a project where you successfully integrated LLMs or Generative AI, resulting in a significant improvement in the product?
AI Product Manager Leadership in Ethical and Regulatory Context
AI Product Managers need to navigate complex ethical and regulatory landscapes. This section explores the importance of ethical considerations and regulatory compliance in AI product management.
What to Expect:
Interviewers will assess your awareness of ethical challenges in AI, your approach to ensuring responsible AI use, and your understanding of relevant regulations.
Familiarize yourself with ethical guidelines for AI, understand regulatory frameworks, and showcase experiences where you've successfully managed ethical considerations in AI product development.
Stay informed about AI ethics, bias, and fairness considerations.
Emphasize your commitment to responsible AI use and your ability to align AI products with regulatory requirements.
Showcase experiences where you've implemented measures to address privacy and security concerns in AI product development.
How do you ensure the responsible use of AI in your product development, considering ethical considerations and regulations?
Share an example where you successfully addressed bias and fairness issues in an AI product.
Discuss the challenges and opportunities of implementing AI in a regulated industry, and how you would navigate them.
How do you approach transparency and explainability in AI product features, considering user trust and regulatory expectations?
Can you provide an example of a project where you had to balance innovation in AI with regulatory compliance and privacy considerations?
Case Interview Preparation for AI PMs
Case interviews for AI Product Managers assess your ability to analyze complex scenarios, make strategic decisions, and drive successful AI product initiatives while considering ethical and regulatory aspects.
What to Expect:
Anticipate case scenarios related to AI technologies, covering aspects like user engagement, market expansion, and ethical considerations in AI product management.
Develop a framework for approaching AI product management cases, considering the unique challenges and opportunities within the AI landscape.
Familiarize yourself with successful AI product management case studies.
Practice solving case interviews with a focus on scenarios specific to AI technologies.
Hone your ability to think critically and make decisions under pressure, addressing privacy and security concerns.
How would you approach increasing user engagement for an AI-based product?
Analyze the potential market for a new AI service and outline a go-to-market strategy.
Propose a strategy to address declining user satisfaction for a specific AI product.
Discuss the key considerations in expanding an AI product to an international market, considering cultural and regulatory differences.
How would you handle a situation where a proposed AI feature raises ethical concerns within a product?
Behavioral Interview Preparation for AI PMs
Behavioral interviews for AI Product Managers assess your experiences, leadership, and decision-making skills within a product management context, particularly in the AI domain.
What to Expect:
Anticipate questions about your previous AI product management experiences, your approach to collaboration, and your ability to navigate challenges within the AI landscape.
Identify key behavioral competencies relevant to AI Product Management. Use the STAR method to structure your responses, emphasizing outcomes and impact while considering ethical considerations and regulatory compliance.
Highlight experiences where you successfully led the development of AI features.
Showcase adaptability in the face of evolving AI technologies and industry trends.
Emphasize collaboration within cross-functional AI teams, addressing privacy and security concerns.
Describe a situation where you successfully launched an AI-based product that significantly impacted user engagement.
Share an example of adapting an AI product strategy based on changing market dynamics.
Discuss a challenge you faced in managing conflicting priorities within an AI product roadmap.
How do you ensure the responsible use of AI in your product development, aligning with ethical practices and regulations?
Can you provide an example of a project where collaboration played a crucial role in achieving successful outcomes within an AI context?


Information on conversion units:
About KiloBit (Kbit):
The kilobit, its symbol kbit (lowercase letters), is a fairly small unit of digital information, equal to 1000 bits, or in other words, equal to 125 bytes.
Units such as kilobit are generally used to measure data rates, data transmission or scale the amount of information transmitted per second, with the common abbreviation kbps. One kilobit is equal to 103 bits or 125 bytes.
Note: Do not confuse KiloBit with KiloByte, (1 KiloBit = 0.1220703125 KiloByte).
About Bit (bits):
The bit, its symbol b (lowercase letter b), is a unit of measurement used in the binary system to store or transmit data, such as the internet connection speed or the quality scale of an audio or video recording.
A bit is usually represented with two values, a 0 or a 1, although it can also be interpreted with other values such as yes/no, true/false, plus/minus, etc. Saying that 8 bits make 1 byte.
A bit is one of the fundamental units used in computer technology, information technology, digital communication, as well as for storing, processing and transmitting various types of data.
Note: Do not confuse Bit with Byte, (8 Bits = 1 Byte).
Conversion formula to go from KiloBit (Kbit) to Bit (bits)
Bit (bits) = KiloBit (Kbit) * (10001)
Conversion table from KiloBit (Kbit) to Bit (bits)
|KiloBit (Kbit)||Bit (bits)|


The Mover Kit
A hi-tech kit to get kids minds and bodies moving. Wearable cool technology shouldn’t be just for adults – why not for kids as well? That is especially true when the wearable cool technology not only teaches kids the basics and fundamental skills of electronics and programming, but also encourages imagination and creativity through active play and exercise.
This is what the Mover Kit, designed by the UK-based tech startup Technology Will Save Us is all about. It is a watch-like, plastic wearable that can be snapped onto wrists, arms, legs, backpacks, and more. Inside are a pair of circuit boards that include an magnetometer and an accelerometer that provide the tech to turn on motion sensors, compasses, and activate a ring of rainbow LED lights.
What’s more, the Mover Kit has access to a proprietary digital platform that allows kids to create their own unique uses for the Mover – everything from games and inventions such as a tooth brush timer, or flashing police lights, or a kaleidoscope, or a light saber.
The IdeaA wearable, programmable game kit that reacts to light and movement.
The BrainsLearn coding, electronics, how sensors and circuits work, all while on the move.
The A-HaMake it a necklace, attach to your wrist or put it on something else!
Contains sharp points and edges. Adult supervision required. Not suitable for chidlren under 3 years.
|Inside the Box|


W 85mm x H 165mm (closed).
Decoration Options Available:
Compact personal multi-function lamp that folds away when not in use with the adjustable cable doubling as a handy loop for attaching it to a bag or hanging it up. Because of its portability it can used almost anywhere and is perfect for places where a good light source is not available. It has six powerful LEDs with two light intensity settings and it will also flash so it can be used as a safety or warning light. Avanza uses three AAA batteries which are included.


Inspired by modernity and innovation, Kiwi Mirror is a leading supplier of Smart Mirrors in Ireland. Established by Kiwi Complete Bathrooms Ltd, Kiwi Mirror was founded on 25 years of experience installing luxury bathrooms, and aims to bring sophistication, innovation, and functionality to your home. Choose from a variety of smart mirrors including LED mirrors, Bluetooth Mirrors, and TV Mirrors, with a variety of designs, shapes, and styles available. For cutting edge technology that doesn’t compromise on style or aesthetics, choose smart mirrors from Kiwi Mirror today.
Kiwi Mirror FAQ
Where can I buy a smart mirror near me?
Kiwi Mirrors is a leading supplier of Irish Smart Mirrors. We manufacture our own range of smart mirrors and offer delivery across all of Ireland.
How much does a smart mirror cost?
The price of a smart mirror varies depending on the type of mirror you require. Get in touch with Kiwi Mirrors or browse our online shop today for more on pricing for smart mirrors.
What is a smart mirror?
A Smart Mirror is a mirror with Bluetooth, TV, LED or USB functionality. Smart Mirrors can display multimedia behind the glass of the mirror, such as TV programmes, videos, weather data, news updates, and more.
Can I install a smart mirror in my bathroom?
Yes, absolutely. Smart Mirrors are completely safe to install in a bathroom.


A VR exhibition curated by ICA Student Forum will be launched this Wednesday 7 December from 18-21:00pm. The evening offers a discussion around VR technology for young artists and the chance to experiment with viewing devices such as Google cardboard glasses and Oculus Rift.
A special event marking the launch of a web platform for this VR exhibition co-curated by ICA Student Forum members Cristina Vasilescu, Will Webster and Perry-James Sudgen. Seen as a side door to the ICA, this virtual reality (VR) exhibition provides an experimental space where works by young artists are curated in a virtual reconstruction of a studio-kitchen. Staged in conjunction with Bloomberg New Contemporaries 2016, this VR module probes discourses about alternative means for emerging artists to exhibit.
Come to the launch to take part in an informal discussion around the uses and pitfalls of VR technology for young artists, and experiment with viewing devices such as Google cardboard glasses and Oculus Rift designed to enhance the visiting experience.
Artists included: Juan Covelli, Sarah Fortais, David Kefford, Nicola Lorini, Lugh O’Neill, Nora Silva, Susannah Stark and Will Webster.
This event is taking place in the ICA Upper Bar (Day Membership entry)
The Mall, SW1Y 5AH London, United Kingdom
Wednesday 7 December at 18:00–21:00


Published November 12th, 2023 by Avigdor Book
When diving into the world of network security, one term that often pops up is the “packet filtering firewall.” But what exactly is it, and why is it essential for enhancing your network’s protection? Let’s break it down, shall we?
The Basics of Packet Filtering Firewalls
At its core, a packet filtering firewall is a type of firewall technology that filters incoming and outgoing data packets based on a set of rules. These rules, often referred to as “packet filtering rules,” determine whether to allow or block data packets based on their attributes, such as:
Source IP address and Destination IP addresses: This is essentially the ‘from’ and ‘to’ of a packet. By examining the IP address, the firewall can configure to allow or block data from specific sources or destinations.
TCP/UDP Port number: TCP and UDP are core protocols in the realm of IP communications. By examining the port number in the packet header, the firewall can make decisions about the type of application protocols, like FTP or Telnet, the packet is associated with.
Type of protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.): The protocol defines how data is sent and received over a network.
How Does It Work?
Imagine a packet filtering firewall as a security guard at a company’s gate, overseeing all the inbound and outbound traffic (or employees and visitors in this analogy). The guard, or firewall, checks the credentials (or the packet headers) of each individual and decides who can enter based on a pre-defined set of rules.
When data tries to pass through a router, the firewall inspects the packet headers. If the data packets comply with the established rules, they’re allowed through. If not, they’re denied access, ensuring network security.
Packet Filtering Firewall vs. Stateful Firewall
You might come across terms like stateful and stateless packet filtering firewalls when diving deeper. While both serve the purpose of filtering, there’s a distinction:
Static (Stateless) Packet Filtering Firewall: This type examines packets in isolation without considering any previous packets. It’s like a security guard who checks everyone’s ID without remembering faces.
Dynamic (Stateful) Packet Filtering Firewall: This type remembers active connections. When it sees a packet, it knows if it’s part of an already established connection. It’s more like a security guard who remembers familiar faces and their usual routines.
Why Choose Packet Filtering Firewalls?
Enhanced Network Security: With a clear set of rules, packet filtering firewalls protect your internal network from potential threats from external networks.
Flexibility in Configuration: They can be easily configured based on specific network requirements.
Performance Efficiency: Due to their straightforward nature, packet filtering firewalls don’t consume excessive resources, ensuring optimal network traffic flow.
However, it’s crucial to understand both the advantages of packet-filtering firewalls and their disadvantages. While they’re efficient and straightforward, they might not offer the deep inspection capabilities of next-generation firewalls or the logging capabilities of more advanced firewall technology.
When considering a comprehensive approach to network security, incorporating robust firewall management can make all the difference. Tufin offers solutions like the Tufin Orchestration Suite that provide not just packet filtering but also state-of-the-art firewall optimization.
Packet filtering firewalls are the unsung heroes in the realm of network security. Their role in sifting through network packets, determining what gets access and what doesn’t based on predefined rules, is critical. As cyber threats evolve, understanding and optimizing your firewall setup can be your first line of defense against potential attacks.
Q: What is packet filtering used for?
A: Packet filtering is primarily used to enhance network security by allowing or blocking data packets based on specific criteria like source IP address, port number, and protocol. Interested in further understanding firewalls? Explore this guide on demystifying firewall configurations.
Q: What is the difference between a firewall and packet filtering?
A: While a firewall is a broader term referring to a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic, packet filtering is one of the techniques it uses to determine which traffic to allow or block. For a deeper dive into the nuances of firewall setups, check out our post on what is a firewall ruleset.
Q: What are the disadvantages of packet filtering firewall?
A: One main disadvantage is that they operate primarily on the network layer, not diving deep into application-layer data. They also might not offer the logging capabilities of more advanced firewall types. Curious about optimizing your firewall? Discover the firewall performance best practices.
Tufin provides end-to-end visibility, automated policy management, and risk mitigation across global hybrid networks – from traditional enterprise firewall infrastructure to modern cloud environments – without compromising performance. Want to hear more? Click here for a demo!
Don't miss out on more Tufin blogs
Subscribe to our weekly blog digest


Spare Battery for Innokin Endura T18II
For available colours, please select from the dropdown menu.
1300 mAh - Battery
Airflow control system located on the battery.
To insure maximum battery lifespan, we reccomend using the battery until it's empty, then leave it to charge until it's full. The 3 lights located on top of the button will show the procentage of charge, when the battery is full, the 3 lights will turn off indicating the battery is at 100% charge.
Note: HTML is not translated!
Rating: Bad Good