Factors that impact internet use and are sensitive to income : cross-country empirical evidenceDijana Močnik
, 2010, izvirni znanstveni članek
Opis: This paper examines information and communication technology (ICT) and socioeconomic indicators associated with Internet use based on income level across countries. Although some literature deals with cross-country indicatorsof Internet use, no known study quantitatively examines which indicators are superior or how they differ across countries with different income level. We extract factors with the most important indicators and evaluate their impact on Internet use for four income groups: low, lower middle, upper middle, and high. The results show that Internet use can be stimulated by educated people, available computers, telecommunications connections and increasing income per capita. However, prices of telecommunications services, international trade, investment, population density, unemployment rate or GDP growth rate do not affect Internet use.
Ključne besede: technology gap, developing countries, digital divide, internet access, information technology, communication technology
Objavljeno: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 1309; Prenosov: 12
Povezava na celotno besedilo
Financial Times marketing casebookLevela Rickard
, Kit Jackson
, 2000, učbenik za višje in visoke šole
Ključne besede: consumerism, customer, consumer psychology, communication, market analysis, segmentation, marketing research, market structure, marketing, strategic planning, advertising, sale, sales promotion, personal selling, direct marketing, international business, international marketing, internet, computer networks, international business operation, market mechanism, textbooks, cases, case study
Objavljeno: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 1158; Prenosov: 20
Povezava na celotno besedilo
The Internet of Things Communication Protocol for Devices with Low Memory FootprintSašo Vinkovič
, Milan Ojsteršek
, izvirni znanstveni članek
Opis: This paper describes a new communication protocol named XMC which is designed for the transmission of messages between an embedded device and a remote system. A new markup language called XMDD has also been developed and is used to describe the functional profile of the embedded device. The main advantage of the XMC communication protocol is its flexibility and independence from the device type. It is suitable for communication with devices that have a curtailed amount of working memory (a few kB) and limited computing power, i.e. 8-bit or 16-bit microcontrollers. Messaging between the embedded device and the remote systems is done without any interference with the basic source code of the embedded device, thus allowing access to all functionalities and features of the connectable embedded device and is based on the functionality dictionary and built-in features of an embedded device. It also maintains a low production price for the embedded device and from the programming point of view provides a transparent and flexible upgrade of the hardware and software without any redundancy input.
Ključne besede: communication protocol, internet of things, home automation, functional profile, smart appliance, code generation, embedded system, framework
Objavljeno: 21.12.2014; Ogledov: 1382; Prenosov: 77
Povezava na datoteko
Internet marketing communication and schoolsAleš Tankosić
, Anita Trnavčevič
, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek
Opis: Worldwide, some 1.32 billon people now use the Internet (Internet World Stats 2007). In the developed countries the Internet is also present in educational institutions; schools use the Internet as a means of communication with their customers. In Slovenia, however, research focusing on Internet marketing communication are rare in the field of education. This paper provides the theoretical framework and the results of the qualitative case study conducted at a school centre in Slovenia in 2005. Data were collected through group interviews and document analysis. The findings support the School Centre teachers' claim that the Internet does not enable personal contacts and the sensory collection of physical evidence, which are considered to be major disadvantages of Internet marketing communication. The teachers who consider Internet marketing communication to be an advantage stress the importance of virtuality which can function as a simulation of communication in the real world. Their adversaries, on the other hand, stress the importance of the physical world and warn us of the negative sides of virtuality.
Ključne besede: education, marketing, internet, communication
Objavljeno: 04.12.2017; Ogledov: 295; Prenosov: 47
Celotno besedilo (207,16 KB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več...
The Influence of Usernames on the Perception of Gender in Online CommunicationAlen Vugrinec
, 2018, magistrsko delo
Opis: The aims of this master´s thesis are to determine how certain usernames influence the perception of gender on online communication and to identify possible differences between the language of men and women used in online communication in the form of a forum.
The theoretical part discusses at first the internet in general; its origins, how communication came to be on it, the characteristics of internet language and differences between communication in real-life and online. Then we turn our attention to differences between the language of men and women, which can occur in either face-to-face (or written) communication or in online communication in general. The empirical part focuses on the experiment conducted for the purpose of this thesis. This part of the thesis contains the methods of the experiment, the details of it, the analysis of the communication happening on the forum and the analysis of the questionnaires given to the participants of the experiment. This is followed by the discussion of the findings/results and the concluding thoughts. The findings of the study confirm all the hypotheses set in the thesis, i.e.:
Hypothesis 1: the majority of the participants will not be able to guess correctly the gender of other participants in conversations with made-up usernames (Discussion 2).
Hypothesis 2: there will be differences between the language of men and women in both types of conversations regardless of the type of username used.
Hypothesis 3: participants regardless of gender will add more contributions to the forum in conversations with made-up usernames (Discussion 2) because of the anonymity.
Ključne besede: internet, online communication, language, username(s), difference, influence, experiment, men´s and women´s language, gender.
Objavljeno: 23.11.2018; Ogledov: 381; Prenosov: 61
Celotno besedilo (1,96 MB)


How To Get The Best Runtime Out Of Your Battery When Using A Cell Phone Tracking App
From time to time I get emails from people who want to install a cell phone tracking application on their phone but they are concerned about their battery being depleted too fast. To understand how to make a battery last longer before it’s time to recharge it again, you first need to understand what type of things can run your battery down in the first place.
If you own a smartphone, and chances are that you do if you’re reading this article, you may not realize that several things can be running on your phone at the same time. This is a great convenience for those of us who like to multi-task but this ability can also present some problems for users.
As a general rule, the more processes that are running on a phone at once, the faster the battery will run down. The reason for this is that each additional process is placing a demand on your phone’s inboard computer. The higher the demand, the higher the energy requirements are to sustain that demand which means shorter charge times.
Let me give you an example. Cell phone manufacture’s want to make a big impression on you when you turn your phone on for the first time. In order to do this, they often turn all the bells and whistles on for the phone to give you that wow factor when you first power it up.
When I first powered my new smartphone up, the first thing I noticed was that there was an animated weather widget on the main home screen. Whenever the weather updated, a cute little animation of clouds moving across the screen or something to that effect was displayed on my phone.
While these little bits of “eye candy” are cute, they do come at a cost and that cost is increased energy consumption which means shorter battery runtimes.
Step one For Increasing Charge Duration – Buy The Largest Battery They Make For Your Phone
This may seem like bit of a hard pill to swallow but I really do recommend that you buy a larger battery for your phone. They’re not that expensive and they really do make a difference. The battery that came with my phone was a 1400 mAh battery but for only about $30 I was able to purchase an additional 2750 mAh battery. That’s over twice the capacity of the original battery for just a little money. If you can believe it, there is actually a 3200 mAh battery available for my phone now!
Forget about the wimpy battery that comes stock with most phones, buy a bigger one and keep the original on hand in case you ever find yourself needing more power when you’re not someplace where it’s convenient to plug your phone in.
Step two For Making Your Phone Battery last Longer – Turn Off The Bells And Whistles
If you can disable the features that you don’t need, you’ll reduce the demand on you phone which will result in longer battery runtimes.
- The first thing I recommend doing is turning the automatic screen brightness setting off. This is another cute feature but it usually results in the screen being set brighter than it needs to be in my experience. Turning down the screen brightness will have a big effect on how long your battery lasts between charge cycles.
- The next thing I advise doing is shortening the length of time before your screen turns off. The setting for my phone was defaulted to two minutes. This meant that every time I stopped using my phone, the screen would remain lit for a full two minutes. This was very wasteful. I turned it down to 15 seconds on my phone and this setting has worked out well for me.
- The next thing I advise doing is turning off Wi-Fi when you don’t need it. If you’re out and about and you have Wi-Fi enabled, you’re phone will continually be searching for a Wi-Fi signal that is strong enough to connect to. This places a big demand on your phone and will run your battery down much quicker than if this feature is turned off.
- Next, I advise you to adjust how often your phone updates or sync’s. Most people have things like email, weather, sports, and stock updates delivered to their phone. If you really don’t need your phone to retrieve this data every 30 minutes, adjust the settings to a much longer interval and you’ll reduce the load on your phone and your battery will last longer between charges.
The End Result
By setting yourself up with the biggest battery that your phone can handle and adjusting a few settings here and there, you’ll be able to go much longer between charges with your cell phone. This means that running a cell phone tracking application in the background of the phone won’t have as much of an impact on your phone’s performance.
Thanks for stopping by and if you’re interested in learning about a really cool covert cell phone spy app, I suggest that you take a look at this one.


Deadly drones’ threat to humans
Humans could be left “utterly defenceless” by small and agile flying robots that think for themselves and are designed to kill, a leading US computer science expert has warned.
The deadly drones are the likely “endpoint” of the current technological march towards lethal autonomous weapons systems (Laws), according to Professor Stuart Russell from the University of California at Berkeley.
Such weapons, whose decisions about which targets to select and destroy are determined by artificial intelligence (AI) rather than humans, could feasibly be deployed within the next decade, said the professor.
He added: “The stakes are high: Laws have been described as the third revolution in warfare, after gunpowder and nuclear arms.”


For many organisations with the disruption bought about by Covid-19, there has been an increased impetuous to get to grips with how Intelligent Automation and Artificial Intelligence can work in practice.
what RPA, Intelligent Automation and Artificial Intelligence are
how the technologies are being used to solve problems and challenges brought about by Covid-19,
what to consider when implementing the technology remotely and
how to continue to harness that sense of urgency and collaboration that has been experienced by so many organisations recently, post Covid-19.


6.012 is the header course for the department's "Devices, Circuits and Systems" concentration. The topics covered include: modeling of microelectronic devices, basic microelectronic circuit analysis and design, physical electronics of semiconductor junction and metal-on-silicon (MOS) devices, relation of electrical behavior to internal physical processes, development of circuit models, and understanding the uses and limitations of various models. The course uses incremental and large-signal techniques to analyze and design bipolar and field effect transistor circuits, with examples chosen from digital circuits, single-ended and differential linear amplifiers, and other integrated circuits.
Howe, Roger, and Charles Sodini. Microelectronics: An Integrated Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996. ISBN: 9780135885185.
Fonstad, Clifton. Microelectronic Devices and Circuits. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1994. ISBN: 9780070214965.
Sedra, Adel, and Kenneth Smith. Microelectronic Circuits. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780195338836.
Horenstein, Mark. Microelectronic Circuits and Devices. New York, NY: Pearson, 1996. ISBN: 9780536846761.
Modular Series on Solid State Devices
Pierret, Robert. Semiconductor Fundamentals. Vol. I. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. ISBN: 9780201122954.
Neudeck, George. The PN Junction Diode. Vol. II. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. ISBN: 9780201122961.
———. The Bipolar Junction Transistor. Vol. III. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989. ISBN: 9780201122978.
Pierret, Robert. Field Effect Devices. Vol. IV. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990. ISBN: 9780201122985.
MOS = metal-on-silicon
MOSFET = metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
NMOS = n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor
CMOS = complementary metal-oxide-semiconducto
6.012 outline: grading, ethics
Overview of semiconductor applications, silicon integrated circuit technology


in Here is your first Forum
Mon Nov 06, 2017 5:56 pm
• 159 Posts
I am moving from Virgin Media to BT and will no longer be able to connect my PC directly into the service using a cable as the new router is in another part of the house.
When I try and set up a new network connection, the PC cant see the wireless network and doesnt provide an option to connect to one. The WIFI is operating fine with various other devices connected to it.
My network adaptor is a realtek PCIe GBE family controller. I have downloaded the most recent drivers for this device. It occured to me that this device may not be a wifi adaptor, but I cant find anything to confirm that one way or the other on the web.
I suspect this is really simple and I am overlooking an obvious problem. Any help would be very welcome.


In the digital age, technology has revolutionized the way we approach home security. From smart locks to AI-powered surveillance, a new wave of smart home security solutions is reshaping the concept of safeguarding our living spaces. This article delves into the world of smart home security, highlighting the intersection of technology and safety.
Advantages of Smart Home Security:
Convenience: Smart home security solutions offer remote access and control, allowing homeowners to manage locks, alarms, and cameras from their smartphones.
Customization: Homeowners can choose the features that align with their needs, building a personalized security ecosystem.
Real-Time Alerts: Instant notifications provide peace of mind, alerting homeowners to potential threats or unexpected activity.
Key Smart Home Security Technologies:
Smart Locks: Unlocking doors with a smartphone or a virtual key enhances convenience and eliminates the need for physical keys.
Video Doorbells: Video intercoms with motion detection and two-way communication allow homeowners to see and speak to visitors remotely.
Security Cameras: AI-enhanced cameras can distinguish between humans, animals, and vehicles, reducing false alarms and providing relevant alerts.
Smart Sensors: Sensors on doors, windows, and motion detectors trigger alarms and notifications if unusual activity is detected.
Home Automation and Integration:
Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems: Many security solutions Residential security systems integrate with other smart devices, enabling comprehensive home automation.
Geofencing: Smart security systems can use geofencing to adjust settings based on the homeowner’s location, such as arming the system when they leave and disarming it upon their return.
Voice Control: Integrating with voice-activated assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant allows homeowners to control security devices through simple voice commands.
Challenges and Considerations:
Data Privacy: As smart security systems collect data, ensuring the privacy of this information becomes a paramount concern.
Network Security: Protecting smart home devices from cyber threats is essential to prevent unauthorized access to the security system.
Dependency on Technology: While technology enhances security, it’s crucial to have backup plans in case of technical malfunctions or power outages.
The Future of Smart Home Security:
Advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are poised to drive the evolution of smart home security further. Predictive analytics, enhanced automation, and even more seamless integration with other smart devices are on the horizon, promising to make homes safer and smarter than ever before.
Conclusion: Embracing the Future of Security
Smart home security solutions represent the integration of technology and safety, empowering homeowners to take control of their security from anywhere. As technology continues to evolve, the potential for creating safer and smarter living spaces becomes increasingly exciting, making smart home security a pivotal part of modern life.


The main Laptop networks were being focused Particular-intent techniques for instance SABRE (an airline reservation procedure) and AUTODIN I (a protection command-and-Regulate procedure), both equally designed and carried out while in the late nineteen fifties and early nineteen sixties. From the early nineteen sixties Laptop suppliers had started to implement semiconductor technology in industrial products, and both equally standard batch-processing and time-sharing techniques were being in place in several substantial, technologically Sophisticated businesses. Time-sharing techniques allowed a computer’s sources being shared in immediate succession with various end users, biking with the queue of end users so swiftly that the computer appeared committed to Each and every user’s duties despite the existence of numerous Other folks accessing the procedure “simultaneously.” This led towards the notion of sharing Laptop sources (identified as host desktops or simply hosts) about an entire network. Host-to-host interactions were being envisioned, coupled with usage of specialised sources (for instance supercomputers and mass storage techniques) and interactive obtain by distant end users towards the computational powers of time-sharing techniques located somewhere else. These Suggestions were being 1st understood in ARPANET, which established the primary host-to-host network connection on October 29, 1969. It had been established with the Highly developed Analysis Projects Company (ARPA) with the U.S. Office of Defense. ARPANET was one of the 1st standard-intent Laptop networks. It connected time-sharing desktops at government-supported investigate web pages, principally universities in the United States, and it quickly grew to become a significant piece of infrastructure for the computer science investigate Group in the United States. Equipment and apps—such as the easy mail transfer protocol (SMTP, typically referred to as e-mail), for sending shorter messages, as well as file transfer protocol (FTP), for for a longer time transmissions—swiftly emerged. In an effort to realize Price tag-efficient interactive communications amongst desktops, which generally converse In brief bursts of information, ARPANET utilized the new technology of packet switching. Packet switching can take substantial messages (or chunks of Laptop knowledge) and breaks them into smaller sized, workable items (known as packets) that will vacation independently about any available circuit towards the focus on destination, exactly where the items are reassembled. As a result, in contrast to common voice communications, packet switching will not require a single focused circuit amongst Each and every pair of end users. Industrial packet networks were being released while in the 1970s, but these were being designed principally to provide productive usage of distant desktops by focused terminals. Briefly, they replaced extended-length modem connections by considerably less-high-priced “virtual” circuits about packet networks. In the United States, Telenet and Tymnet were being two these kinds of packet networks. Neither supported host-to-host communications; while in the 1970s this was still the province with the investigate networks, and it would continue to be so for a few years. DARPA (Defense Highly developed Analysis Projects Company; formerly ARPA) supported initiatives for floor-primarily based and satellite-primarily based packet networks. The ground-primarily based packet radio procedure presented cell usage of computing sources, even though the packet satellite network connected the United States with various European international locations and enabled connections with widely dispersed and distant locations. Using the introduction of packet radio, connecting a cell terminal to a computer network grew to become possible. Having said that, time-sharing techniques were being then still way too substantial, unwieldy, and costly being cell or maybe to exist outside the house a local weather-controlled computing natural environment. A robust motivation thus existed to attach the packet radio network to ARPANET in order to enable cell end users with easy terminals to obtain some time-sharing techniques for which they’d authorization. Likewise, the packet satellite network was utilized by DARPA to hyperlink the United States with satellite terminals serving the uk, Norway, Germany, and Italy. These terminals, even so, needed to be linked to other networks in European international locations in order to get to the finish end users. As a result arose the need to connect the packet satellite net, in addition to the packet radio net, with other networks. Basis of the web The online world resulted from the trouble to attach a variety of investigate networks in the United States and Europe. Initial, DARPA established a system to research the interconnection of “heterogeneous networks.” This system, identified as Internetting, was based upon the recently released principle of open up architecture networking, by which networks with described regular interfaces would be interconnected by “gateways.” A Performing demonstration with the principle was planned. To ensure that the principle to operate, a different protocol needed to be designed and created; certainly, a procedure architecture was also necessary. In 1974 Vinton Cerf, then at Stanford University in California, which writer, then at DARPA, collaborated over a paper that 1st explained this kind of protocol and procedure architecture—specifically, the transmission Regulate protocol (TCP), which enabled different types of devices on networks all around the earth to route and assemble knowledge packets. TCP, which originally provided the web protocol (IP), a world addressing mechanism that allowed routers to get knowledge packets for their best destination, fashioned the TCP/IP regular, which was adopted with the U.S. Office of Defense in 1980. From the early 1980s the “open up architecture” with the TCP/IP solution was adopted and endorsed by a number of other researchers and sooner or later by technologists and businessmen throughout the world. From the 1980s other U.S. governmental bodies were being intensely involved with networking, such as the Countrywide Science Basis (NSF), the Office of Electricity, as well as Countrywide Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). When DARPA had played a seminal purpose in creating a tiny-scale Variation of the web amongst its researchers, NSF labored with DARPA to expand usage of your complete scientific and tutorial Group and to make TCP/IP the regular in all federally supported investigate networks. In 1985–86 NSF funded the primary five supercomputing centres—at Princeton University, the University of Pittsburgh, the University of California, San Diego, the University of Illinois, and Cornell University. Inside the 1980s NSF also funded the event and operation with the NSFNET, a national “spine” network to attach these centres. From the late 1980s the network was running at millions of bits per next. NSF also funded a variety of nonprofit local and regional networks to attach other end users towards the NSFNET. Some industrial networks also started while in the late 1980s; these were being quickly joined by Other folks, as well as Industrial World-wide-web Trade (CIX) was fashioned to allow transit visitors amongst industrial networks that if not wouldn’t are actually allowed about the NSFNET spine. In 1995, immediately after intensive evaluate of your situation, NSF made a decision that support with the NSFNET infrastructure was not necessary, because many industrial suppliers were being now ready and in a position to meet the requires with the investigate Group, and its support was withdrawn. Meanwhile, NSF had fostered a competitive assortment of economic World-wide-web backbones linked to one another through so-identified as network obtain points (NAPs).


What we provide.
We specialise in the complete installation of electrical services to commercial, industrial and residential properties.
We also carry out routine maintenance to existing electrical installations. Installation of solar photovoltaic systems is the mainstay of Energy Systems Group. We are the leading solar systems integrator, with a wealth of experience and knowledge in our country. Other inhouse services include; LV and HV electrical installations, cabling , switchgear and general electrical systems refurbishment.
Battery Power Backup System
These systems provide backup power in the event of main power failure for a calculated period.
We also supply generators for backup / standby applications.
Solar Water Pumping Systems
Over water pumping system is designed to efficiently and economically use solar to deliver water needs for various applications- irrigation, drinking and swimming pools.


There are often cases in electronic circuits where input power is filtered by inductors, capacitors, and resistors before it gets to the powered device of interest. In such cases, there are often nets with system-generated names created between the filter components and the powered device. While it may not be important purely from the point of view of the schematic to designate these nets as power nets, many downstream processes are facilitated by knowing that they are in fact power nets and not just some other default net with no special properties.
For example, trace width and voltage drop may be a concern to the layout designer. In-Circuit-Test programmers would want to know all the power nets because they’d want to verify the value of a series resistor or to ensure that an inductor is not either open-circuited or shorted.
The problem is that the task of naming all those power subnets is boring, tedious, time-consuming, and error prone. A perfect candidate for an automated process.
ExactCAD’s Change Power Subnet Names tool does exact that. It takes the power net name coming from the circuit’s power tap, and the reference designators of the series components in the circuit that create the power subnets, and uses them to create meaningful net names for the power subnets.
Using the tool is a simple process of selecting the components and nets of interest, running the tool, then checking off the nets whose names will be changed. The net names are then changed.
Here’s an example of the process:
See the power subnets connected to +3.3V2 by way of L10 and L15:
Select the components and nets:
Run the tool. Notice that the selected components and nets are shown, and new net names are suggested based on the power net name and the reference designators of the series inductors:
To complete the operation, the ‘Change Net Names of Selected Nets’ button is pressed and the net names are changed.
(Note that in this example, if the user wanted to have the net between L10 and C94 reference L10 instead of L15, the process could be done in 2 steps instead of one. The choice of L15 over L10 as the designator used in the net names, when both are possibilities, is arbitrary.)
This process only requires a few seconds and a few mouse clicks to complete. The tool conveniently stays on top of the DxDesigner window so that the user doesn’t have to keep jumping back and forth between applications.


NOTE :- Mobile Signal Booster For Airtel, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea, Jio And More… 2G, 3G, 4G And CDMA Product Available . Service Provider In Cochin And All Over Kerala.
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- Use your mobile phone to test signal strength outside house or on roof, -51 to -85dBm is the basic requirement.
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Connect a wealth of devices to your Mac or PC with the CORSAIR TBT100 Thunderbolt™ 3 Dock, boasting up to 40Gbps bandwidth while efficiently charging your laptop with smart charging technology. Multiple USB-C 3.1 SuperSpeed 10Gbps, USB-A 3.1 SuperSpeed 5Gbps, and HDMI ports provide connections for modern devices and the potential for a dual display setup. A gigabit ethernet port, 3.5mm amplified audio combo jack, and UHS-II SD card reader round out the TBT100’s versatile connections, while a Kensington Security Slot built into its durable aluminum housing helps prevent theft. Easy to set up and compatible with both Mac and Windows, the TBT100 puts all your devices just a cable away.
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Stop and smell the optimism. The future looks clear with T3Energy’s
Fusion6 Solar-Hybrid home heating. What’s Fusion6 you ask? It’s
simply the genius that combines an efficient conventional reverse-cycle
air conditioning system with solar thermal collectors and state of the
art heat storage to produce the ideal combination of energy efficiency
environmental sensitivity and performance.
Need Proof? Fusion6 is up to *70% more efficient than
a conventionl home heating systems.
The Fusion6 is an Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission System
All this with the performance of a conventional air conditioning system.
Did we mention it looks great too. The Fusion6 features state of
art solar thermal collector panels which collect hot air from the sun,
and a thermal storage system which can store daytime heat to be used in
the evening, all managed by a sophisticated electronic controller.
Pretty amazing isn’t it? But it really
shouldn’t be a surprise
since T3Energy is the leader in Solar-Hybrid home heating
Solar Collection Panels:
The T3Energy roof integrated Solar Collection Panels are
state-of-the-art in solar thermal collector design.
ANU (Australian National University) testing has shown that on a sunny
day the T3Energy panels are capable of producing panel air temperatures
above 60°C in ambient air temperatures of less
The Solar Collection Panels also produce hot water for domestic use.


We develop Decision Support System for early warning and forecast systems based on remote sensing data by integration with state of the art hydraulic, hydrodynamic and meteorological models available as freeware, as well as advanced AI technologies.
The Company aims at the development tailor made solutions using and combining concepts of physics, data mining and ICT. We want to provide technological solutions mainly for water resource problem in different areas. Our framework is not limited to water problems, however, is the center of our technological developments as well as our main area of expertise. We work with experts in Hydraulics, Hydrology, Hydroinformatics, Ecoinformatics, Bioinformatics and other advanced web technologies.
It is our aim to be positioned as leading company in Inform and Communicate technologies for water resources problem. We expect to contribute to the SDG by have a global coverage and the possibility for pert of a continuous interacting company for the NEXUS concept (WATER, FOOD and ENERGY).
Areas of Expertise
- Forecast for reservoir operation
- Flood forecasting system
- Costal systems modelling
- River modeling
- Water systems network modelling
- Advanced ICT applications


The CR3000 Micrologger supports complex applications with many sensors. It is fast and powerful enough to handle extended eddy-covariance systems with full energy-balance systems. Multiple CR3000s can be configured as a network or units can be deployed individually.
Designed for stand-alone operation in harsh, remote environments. The CR3000 consists of a compact, integrated package with a built-in power supply, a 128-by-64-pixel backlit graphical or eight-line numeric display, and a 16-character keyboard.Read More
Housed in a portable, self-contained package, the CR3000 Micrologger consists of measurement and control electronics, communication ports, 16-character keyboard, display, power supply, and carrying handle. The integrated display shows 8 lines x 21 characters (64 x 128 pixels).
The CR3000 has a choice of three power-supply base options (alkaline, rechargeable, or no battery). Low power consumption allows the Micrologger to operate for extended time periods on its battery recharged with a solar panel—eliminating the need for AC power. It suspends execution when primary power drops below 9.6 V, reducing the possibility of inaccurate measurements.
The on-board operating system includes measurement, processing, and output instructions for programming the datalogger. The programming language, CRBasic, uses a BASIC-like syntax. Measurement instructions specific to bridge configurations, voltage outputs, thermocouples, and pulse/frequency signals are included. Processing instructions support algebraic, statistical, and transcendental functions for on-site processing. Output instructions process data over time and control external devices.
|Note: Additional specifications are listed in the CR3000 Specifications Sheet.
|Operating Temperature Range
|Maximum Scan Rate
|28 single-ended or 14 differential (individually configured)
|Voltage Excitation Terminals
|4 (VX1 to VX4)
|Switched 12 Volt
|Analog Voltage Accuracy
|±(0.04% of reading + offset) at 0° to 40°C
|10 to 16 Vdc
|Real-Time Clock Accuracy
|±3 min. per year (Correction via GPS optional.)
|FTP, HTTP, XML POP3, SMTP, Telnet, NTCIP, NTP,
|PakBus, Modbus, DNP3, SDI-12, SDM
|Idle Current Drain, Average
|2 mA (@ 12 Vdc)
|Active Current Drain, Average
Note: The following shows notable compatibility information. It is not a comprehensive list of all compatible or incompatible products.
|Version 3.2 or higher
|Version 1.3 or higher
|Version 3.2 or higher
|Version 2.1 or higher
|Version 1.0 or higher
|Version 2.0 or higher
With several channel types, the CR3000 is compatible with nearly every available sensor, including thermocouples, SDI-12 sensors, and 4 to 20 mA sensors. A custom ASIC chip expands its pulse count, control port, and serial communications capabilities. The CR3000's I/O ports can be paired as transmit and receive, allowing serial communications with serial sensors and devices.
The CR3000 is compatible with all of our CDMs (requires an SC-CPI), SDMs, multiplexers, vibrating-wire interfaces, terminal input modules, and relays.
The CR3000 communicates with a PC via direct connect, Ethernet interfaces, multidrop modems, short-haul modems, phone modems (land line, digital cellular, and voice-synthesized), RF telemetry, and satellite transmitters (Argos, Iridium, and Inmarsat).
Data can be viewed on its onboard keyboard display, user-supplied iOS or Android device (requires LoggerLink), CD295 DataView II Display, or a user-supplied PDA (PConnect or PConnectCE software required).
Compatible external data storage devices are the CFM100, NL115, and SC115.
The CR3000 can be housed in an ENC12/14, ENC14/16, ENC16/18, ENC24/30, or ENC24/30S enclosure.
The CR3000 is typically powered by its on-board alkaline or rechargeable power supply (see Ordering Info). When the rechargeable power supply is used, its internal 7 A h sealed rechargeable battery needs be charged via a vehicle (requires the DCDC18R), solar panel, or ac wall charger.
The CR3000 can also come with a low-profile base that requires a user-supplied dc source. It is preferred when the system’s power consumption needs a larger capacity battery or when it’s advantageous for the Micrologger to be thinner and lighter.
CRBasic, the CR3000's full programming language, supports simple or complex programming and many on-board data reduction processes. Compatible software includes:
Execution of this download installs the CR3000 Operating System and Compiler on your computer. It also updates the CR3000 support files for the CRBasic Editor.
Note: The Device Configuration Utility is used to upload the included operating system to the datalogger.
Upgrading from versions prior to version 28 of the Operating System will reset the datalogger’s CPU drive. This is due to a change in the format of the file system from FAT16 to FAT32. In order for the datalogger to operate correctly, as part of the upgrade, the CPU drive is formatted to FAT32. Any programs stored and running from the CPU drive will be lost. It is not recommended to update the datalogger’s Operating System over a remote connection where program control regulates the communication equipment (turning it on or off, etc.). In these cases, an on-site visit and a backup using DevConfig’s backup utility is necessary to update the datalogger’s Operating System.
In all cases where the datalogger is being updated from an Operating System prior to 28, the use of DevConfig’s backup utility is recommended due to the CPU drive being formatted using the new FAT32 format.
A software utility used to download operating systems and set up Campbell Scientific hardware. Also will update PakBus Graph and the Network Planner if they have been installed previously by another Campbell Scientific software package.
Supported Operating Systems:
Windows 11 or 10 (Both 32 and 64 bit)
Number of FAQs related to CR3000: 160
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Look for a stamp on top of the battery. The stamp may be in a date format of YYMMDDXX where:
This indicates the age of the battery.
Yes, but only if all the other data loggers are PakBus devices, such as the CR800, CR850, and CR1000.
A practical maximum is to connect one multiplexer per every two control terminals on the data logger. Control terminals can be shared between multiplexers to increase the number of connected multiplexers. Sharing terminals, however, requires more complex wiring and programming. Users who would like to connect more than one multiplexer per every two control terminals are advised to contact a sales or support engineer at Campbell Scientific for assistance.
Yes, using the following steps:
Yes. The 12 V terminals have a thermal switch that allows 900 mA at 20°C, 650 mA at 50°C, and 360 mA at 85°C.
Only one CWB100 can be connected to each odd channel control port. For the CR800 and CR850, this relates to two total units—one on C1 and one on C3. On the CR1000 and CR3000, this amounts to four total units.
Putting more than one CWB100 on a data logger will NOT speed up sensor data collection. Only one CWB100 should be accessed at any given time, or the devices will interfere with each other. If multiple CWB100 devices are connected to a single data logger, the data collection schedules for the CWB100 devices should be staggered. Sufficient time should be built in to allow each base unit to collect data from all of the remote sensors associated with it and to allow for any needed retries.
Yes. Campbell Scientific offers a variety of telecommunications options besides Ethernet, including spread-spectrum radios, licensed radio-frequency modems, cellular modems, satellite transmitters (send data only), land-line phone modems, and other direct connection methods.
If the mistake is caught quickly and the 24 Vdc power source is removed before the surge protection fails, apply the 12 Vdc power source and continue. If a 24 Vdc power source was applied for an extended period, the surge protection will fail and the data logger will have to be returned for repair.
50 Hz rejection is available for analog voltage measurements by setting the Integration parameter.


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Power Probe III Circuit Tester - RED
The Power Probe III Circuit tester (Red) with the ability to supply Power or Ground with an indicator tone and bright-white LED headlamps
- Supplies Power and Ground
- Digital Voltmeter with Min/Max Voltage Capturing
- Test Light
- Short Circuit Indicator
- Relay & Component Tester
- Continuity Tester
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- 4mm Banana Jack
- 20 foot Jumper Lead Set
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- When you connect the Power Probe to the car's battery you have a multitude of testers at your finger tips.
- Press the rocker switch forward and you'll have a hot lead for powering up electrical components like cooling fans, relays, press the switch rearward and you will have an instant ground lead.
- Simultaneously use the hot lead and the ground lead to activate components right in your hand.
- The polarity tester instantly identifies positive, negative and open circuits without having to re-polarize or reconnect hookup clips like with ordinary test lights.
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Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric fleld. Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.
Chapter–3: Current Electricity Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight and toroidal solenoids (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.
Chapter–6:Electromagnetic Induction Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction.
Chapter–7: Alternating Current Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their Transverse nature (qualitative ideas only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker's formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism. Scattering of light - blue colour of sky and reddish apprearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Chapter–10: Wave Optics Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen's principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum, resolving power of microscope and astronomical telescope, polarisation, plane polarised light, Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation, Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).
Chapter–12: Atoms Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.
Chapter–13: Nuclei Composition and size of nucleus, Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law, half life and mean life. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode and their characteristics, zener diode as a voltage regulator.
Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects.
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties.
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of Nitrogen: preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid. Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses, classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: preparation properties and uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).
General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures only). Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.
Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions. Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).
Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols. Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis.
Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions).
Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation.
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT.
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines
Chapter-1: Relations and Functions- Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one andonto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function.
Chapter-2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions- Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inversetrigonometric functionsElementary properties of inverse trigonometricfunctions.
Chapter-1: Matrices- Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication.Non- commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2).Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).
Chapter-2: Determinants- Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.
Chapter-1: Continuity and Differentiability- Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions.Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation.
Chapter-2: Applications of Derivatives- Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals, use of derivatives in approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).
Chapter 3. Integrals- Integration as inverse process of differentiation.Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them. Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof).Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
Chapter 4. Applications of the Integrals- Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), Area between any of the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable).
Chapter 5. Differential Equations- Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation.formation of differential equation whose general solution is given.Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy dx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constants. d𝑥 d𝑦 + px = q, where p and q are functions of y or constants.
Chapter-1: Vectors- Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector.Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product of vectors.
Chapter-2: Three - dimensional Geometry- Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points.Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines.Cartesian and vector equation of a plane.Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane.Distance of a point from a plane.
Chapter-1: Linear Programming- Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints). Unit-VI: Probability 1. Probability 30 Periods Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of random variable. Binomial probability distribution.
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PACS Census Database
IMV's 2003 PACS Census Database profiles 2,014 U.S. hospitals over 100 beds and 297 high volume imaging centers. The sites represented by the 2003 PACS Census spent $964 million on PACS components in 2002 and $1,281 million in 2003.
The IMV Census covers radiology information systems, x-ray film digitizers, computed radiography, direct radiography, image storage, workstations and viewing terminals, laser printers, digital voice dictation and speech recognition systems and image networks and management systems, as well as budgets for PACS technology and site characteristics. Site-specific data is available in digital format for 2,311 sites.
If you are interested in receiving an update of this information please contact us as noted below
For information on purchasing the PACS Census Database and Reports, click here or call 847-297-1404.
- Start of Current Data Collection: CONTACT IMV
- Hospitals Interviewed for Last Complete Data Collection: 2,311
- Last Complete Data Collection : Nov '02 - Dec '03
More PACS Products
Questions? Contact Us
To speak with an IMV representative about the PACS Census Database, and how it can provide you with actionable market data click here or call 847-297-1404.


WD Engineering Sales Representatives
WD Engineering Sales was founded in 1975 by Walt Doctor and was designed to focus on being a leading sales and marketing company for system components in the electrical and electromechanical industry. Since that time, we have developed into a more technical industrial sales team focused on selling solutions and delivering emerging technologies to engineers in the industrial space. Currently offering representation in IL, WI, Northwest IN and IA, with more expansion plans in the near future. In 2016, WD Engineering partnered with Benchmark Automation & Drives to round out the skill sets and solutions needed for a successful sales team of the future.


Ditto X4 Never completes firmware update, then all lights green
I have followed all of the instructions to update the firmware. Using a Macbook, the Ditto X4 is recognized immediately and the firmware update process starts. Once the uploading firmware reaches 100%, the updater application reads to wait for the lights to go orange, red, orange, red and then off. This never happens. I’ve tried the process 3 times and waited an hour the last time and it just never happens.
When I power on the pedal after this, the lights will all be green and it will be stuck. If I hold down Loop 2 while powering on, then it seems to boot normally. However, did the firmware update or did it not update? AFAIK there is no way to tell.


(1) cleaning after the hot wire and hot film are dirty
If the engine has "backfire" fault, it often causes serious harm to the air flow sensor. Due to the reverse flow (i.e. "tempering") of the engine air flow in the intake manifold, which contains carbon particles, these carbon particles are easy to adhere to the sensing elements of the air flow sensor, and have the following consequences: when idling, the signal of the air flow sensor is too large, while when accelerating and heavy load, the signal is too small.
The inspection method of whether the hot wire has self-cleaning ability is: remove the air filter, and observe the hot wire from the air inlet of the air flow sensor. If the hot wire can not be seen to emit a reddish glow for about 1s after the engine is shut down for 5S, it indicates that the self-cleaning ability of the hot wire has been lost.
After the hot wire (hot film) is polluted, it can be heated and idled. Remove the filter screen of the air filter and spray hot wire or hot film directly with carburetor cleaning agent to remove the carbon deposit on it.
Many models use the hot film air flow sensor produced by BOSCH company. Its core part is composed of an integrated circuit (D / a conversion circuit) and Wheatstone bridge without voltage stabilizing circuit. Therefore, when the power supply voltage is too high or the instantaneous high voltage occurs, the hot film air flow sensor is easy to burn out. The reason why the peak voltage of the circuit is too high (more than 16V) is that the storage battery is vulcanized seriously, which reduces its capacity and cannot absorb the peak voltage of the generator. Therefore, the vulcanization of the storage battery is one of the reasons for the damage of the hot film air flow sensor. The solution is to install a 7812 three terminal voltage stabilizing integrated circuit at the front end of the hot film air flow sensor.
(3) block the entrance of air without measurement
These abnormal ways include: the intake pipe is broken, the vacuum hose is loose, and the intake manifold and cylinder head are not tightly sealed. If the above situation exists. Part of the air will enter the cylinder directly without the measurement of the air flow sensor, resulting in the imbalance of the engine mixture.


Marta just joined the GEOEssential project in May 2018. She is a post-doctoral researcher at the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre working at the Quantitative Biogeography working group, which leads the workpackage 4 on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services workflows. Her main contribution to this project is the development of workflows to monitor essential biodiversity variables and ecosystem indicators using Copernicus products, and GEOSS tools and services.
Marta is an expert in environmental remote sensing. She defended her doctoral degree in Earth Observation from the University of Zurich, in 2017. Marta has been involved in several research projects within the Copernicus Programme: SAFER, GMOSAIC, and RECOVER. Since 2009, she has used remote sensing data and tools to monitor and assess pressing environmental issues within the framework of several European and national projects related to glaciers status, emergency support mapping, forest fuel mapping services, REDD+ activities, nutrient balance in agroecosystems, land-use intensity, and gross primary production.


3D-GPT: A new method for procedural Text-to-3D model generation
3D-GPT employs LLMs as a multi-agent system with three collaborative agents for procedural 3D generation
A new AI system called 3D-GPT demonstrates promising capabilities for text-to-3D generation through leveraging large language models. The system aims to streamline 3D content creation by interpreting natural language instructions and controlling procedural generation tools to automatically construct 3D assets.
Let's take a look at what the researchers have managed to build and assess the impact of this paper.
The Challenge of Automated 3D Content Creation
Producing 3D models and environments typically requires extensive human effort. Artists meticulously craft each 3D asset, gradually shaping basic shapes into intricate finished products using tools like Blender. Some approaches to automating parts of this process utilize procedural generation, where parameters and rulesets can be tuned to algorithmically produce content. But defining these generators themselves also demands deep understanding of 3D modeling techniques.


Technology at Classic Eyes
Greater use of technology is often equated with a loss of the human touch, but at Classic Eyes every minute saved through hardware and software means extra time that we can spend with our patients. We believe that a more efficient office is better able to provide a patient with information, and is better equipped to provide a higher level of care. Both the Bournemouth and Poole branch is filled with advanced diagnostic equipment and office management technology, allowing our optometrists to efficiently collect data, perform eye examinations and include additional diagnostic tests. Keeping a digital record of test data makes it easier to monitor changes over time and to avoid, manage and/or control certain conditions and/or diseases.
Our practices are equipped with the following:
- Fully electronic patient records. Full clinical records are available allowing for a paperless office. Patient data is always available and stores safely end securely off site.
- Digital Fundus Camera. This instrument allows us to take a photograph through a microscope of the interior of the eye (retina, optic disc, macula and fundus)
- Auto-refractor/Keratometer. The auto-refractor/keratometer is an automated machine that provides an objective measurement of a patient’s refractive error (prescription correction) by measuring how light changes as it enters the eye. The keratometer measures the curvature of the cornea at the same time giving a reading for several points on the cornea.
- Visual Field Analyser. The visual field test detects abnormalities in the central and peripheral visual fields which may be caused by neurological deficits.
- Digital anterior segment camera. This technology allows us to capture colour images of the front of the eye and surrounding areas. The image can be enlarged to better diagnosis or document conditions and treatments.
- Optomap Corneal Topographer. The Optomap TM is an ultra-widefield retinal camera that gives a 200 degree view of the back of the retina compared to standard retinal imaging (30degree view)
- iProfiler. The Zeiss iProfiler TM is an auto refractor / keratometer / corneal topographer / and wave front abborometer. The measurement of wave front aberrations (the irregular shape of the front of your eye) makes individualised lens design a possibility thereby offering numerous advantages over standardised lens design.
- Intuitive Colorimeter. This instrument is used to logically and sequentially explore colour space to find the optimal Precision Tint for the relief of perceptual distortions in visual stress.
- Visagraph. The Visagraph ™ is a computer-based system for measuring eye movements while reading.
- Optovue Optical Coherence Tomographer. OCT is an advanced technology used to examine all parts of the eye, from the cornea (front optical surface) and anterior segment all the way through to the layers of the retina and optic nerve. It is particularly useful for examining the retina and optic nerve, especially in cases of suspect macular degeneration and glaucoma.
- TearScience® System LipiView and LipiFlow for the evaluation and treatment of Evaporative Dry Eye Disease (Meibomian Gland Dysfunction)


After a long-awaited and many rumors, leaks, Samsung Officially announced Samsung Galaxy Note 2. This Galaxy Note 2 was announced on 29th August 2012 at IFA 2012 in Berlin. They shared the complete details regarding Samsung Galaxy Note 2 including Hardware, Software and the Design.
Samsung Galaxy Note 2 comes with 5.5-inch Super AMOLED HD screen and with a screen resolution of 720 x 1280px.Here we can except the high quality display better than Samsung Galaxy Note. As the Screen size is increased the Hardware is also upgraded. This Note is packed with a quad-core Exynos processor of 1.6 GHz and with 2GB RAM in it.
Samsung Galaxy Note 2 is completely a media device with an 8-megapixel camera sensor at the back and which is capable of 1080P video recording. This Note 2 thickness remains 9mm and it holds a larger capacity of 3,100mAh battery. This Galaxy Note 2 comes with the special stylus called S Pen and with an S Pen slot with greater features. This stylus comes with a rubber nib which gives the great experience like a pen and a phone as paper.
Don’t Miss : Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 – Have a look
Here S Pen comings with a great functionality of Air View. That means by hovering the S Pen on to your Galaxy Note 2 you can select the Apps, Pictures, Video which you required without touching the screen. In one word we can say that it is a feather touch Smartphone. With the help of S Pen we can easily capture screenshots, write, draw, multitasking and many more. Here is another excellent feature called pop up note where we can easily write and save an emergency note when we are on a Call.
This Smartphone Phone is coming with the latest version of Android. That is Android 4.1 or Android Jelly Bean which is firstly used in Google Nexus 7. Android Jelly Bean comes with a lot of excellent features like New User Interface, Offline Voice typing, New Notifications System, and Google Now. Here Google Now is the great feature in Android Jelly Bean in which it makes user smarter by providing the info according to his search history.
Don’t Miss : Google Officially Announced Android 4.1 Jelly bean
This Samsung Galaxy Note 2 Ships in Titanium Grey and Marble White colors. Samsung has not revealed the release date and the price of this device. We can except that this device will be available in mid-October of this year and the expected price of this device will be from 700 to 900$.
Specifications of Samsung Galaxy Note 2 :
- Network – 2G, 3G, 4G
- Weight 180 g and Thickness 9mm
- 5.5 inches HD Screen with 720 x 1280 pixels resulution
- Internal Memory – 16, 32, 64 GB storage
- 2 GB RAM
- 1.6GHz Cortex-A9 quad-core Processor
- 8 MP Camrea – capable of 1080P video recording
- 1.9 MP Front Camera
- MicroSD slot, Expandable up to 32 GB
- Bluetooth v4.0 with A2DP
- Data Speed HSDPA – 21 Mbps; HSUPA – 5.76 Mbps, LTE
- Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, dual-band, with Wi-Fi Hotspot
- OS- Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
- Colors – Titanium Gray and Marble White
- Relese Date – Expected in the Mid-October
- Price – Expected Price from 700 to 900$
To know more about this Samsung Galaxy Note 2, Please check out the First Hands-on Video which is added below.


Inserted: 4 dec 2018
Last Updated: 4 dec 2018
Journal: Journal of Nonlinear Science
In this paper we provide an existence result for the energetic evolution of a set of dislocation lines in a three-dimensional single crystal. The variational problem consists of a polyconvex stored-elastic energy plus a dislocation energy and some higher-order terms. The dislocations are modeled by means of integral one-currents. Moreover, we discuss a novel dissipation structure for such currents, namely the flat distance, that will serve to drive the evolution of the dislocation clusters.


Buy Aditif Coin product sale e14 led candle bulb, Buy Quality e14 7w directly from China e14 Suppliers: E27 E14 LED 16 Color Changing RGB Magic Light Bulb Lamp 85-265V 110V 120V 220V RGB Led Light Spotlight + IR Remote Control Enjoy Free Shipping Worldwide! Limited Time Sale Easy Return.
Warm Tips:This lamp is RGB lamp, it have no Pure White Color, just can use the controller to change to Purple&White Multcolor, but it is not the Pure White, the color like the following picture
E27 E14 LED 16 Color Changing RGB Magic Light Bulb Lamp 85-265V 110V 120V 220V RGB Led Light Spotlight + IR Remote Control
Base type: E27/E14
Input: AC100-240V AC110V AC220V
Light color: Red, Green, Blue, White, Orange and so on (total 16 colors)
Remote control battery: 1 x CR2025 button cell battery (battery NOT included)
Housing: High Strength Aluminu
LED Lifespan: >50,000 hour
Warranty: 3 Years
Suitable for illumination and beautification for home/party/etc.
average based on 1,028 reviews.User Rating 4.7 (1,028 votes)


Liam, born in Cape Town, and is probably best known for being a robotics researcher at NASA Ames Research Center, building intelligent robot systems to look for life on Mars and thinking about the future of space exploration. Today, Liam is leading Nissan’s autonomous vehicle research program in California and is glad to report that, as of last month, Nissan and NASA have agreed to work jointly on the autonomous cars.
Liam spent most of his childhood overseas. Upon returning to South Africa he had to flee to Swaziland to avoid conscription and get more education, before being allowed back into the United States as a Fulbright Scholar.
Liam received B.Sc. and B.Sc. Honours degrees from Rhodes University in South Africa, an M.S.E.E. at George Washington University and a Ph.D. in Robotics from Carnegie Mellon University in 2001. He has worked extensively with rovers and planetary scientists in the Atacama Desert, the Canadian arctic, and Antarctica. He built the system onboard CMU’s Nomad robot that allowed it to autonomously identify meteorites in Antarctica in January 2000.


Custom Rack Mounts are a specialty at Bayview Metals
We fabricate rack-mounted packages for all types of electronics and computing devices including servers, test instruments, telecommunications components, as well as audio & video equipment.
Most importantly, these rack mount systems must fit the custom design requirements exactly. The goal is dense hardware configurations without occupying excessive floor space or requiring shelving and be well designed for proper air flow.
Most Common are
- Rack Mount Cases
- Rack Mount Computers
- Rack Mount Power Supplies
- Rack Mount Server
- Audio Visual Rack Mounts
- Broadcasting Rack Mounts
- Any Custom Rack Mount Assembly


World's Largest Selection of Electronic Components Available for Immediate Shipment!™
New Product U200 and U250 Accelerator Cards Digi-Key is proud to provide Xilinx’s new AI Accelerator Cards, delivering 4X performance vs GPUs, 90X vs CPUs, and unprecedented adaptability across workloads.
BLOG Impressive, Innovative Designs from Around the Globe at InnovateFPGA The InnovateFPGA contest was developed as a way to expose and inspire engineers to design, create, and innovate. This year, Digi-Key was honored to be a sponsor of the Grand Final Event.
ARTICLE Understand How to Effectively Monitor Signal Voltage and Power with RMS-to-DC Converters Switched mode power conversion and industrial controllers use switch mode transistor, semiconductor controlled rectifiers, and related thyristor devices to control power by adjusting the duty cycle of the input waveforms.


Defence Forces, Public Safety Agencies and Critical Infrastructure Providers are today eager to embrace new broadband technology to achieve their vital mission more efficiently, more effectively and more safely. Mission-critical broadband will give users access to real-time voice, data and video services on mobile devices with the unparalleled security and resilience that are vital to their unique environment. It will give users the 21st century technology they need to confront 21st century threats
Hybrid networks– a flexible way forward
Tactilon® Suite for controlling security, subscribers and services
Problems arise when a single user is active on several networks and devices. The challenge is to ensure secure and controlled management and high service levels. This is best achieved by adopting a centralised management solution. This enables agreed security and other policies to be implemented and supports the professional management of the whole system. It also makes it much easier to introduce new evolution steps.
Tactilon Suite offered by Airbus Defence and Space, meets this need. It helps operators manage hybrid networks, devices and broadband services. Subscribers can be provisioned both in the narrowband and broadband networks, including mobile operator networks. Tacti- lon Suite also handles security management and asset management and aids integration with mobile operator networks. With Tactilon Suite, all subscriber credentials are securely managed by trusted personnel. Tactilon Suite also provides means to manage IP security certificates.


3D printer 42 stepper motor driver expansion board 8825/A4988
Only 2 left in stock
DRV8825 A4988 3D Printer 42 Stepper Motor Driver Expansion Board Control Shield Module DIY Kit H8WD
brand new and high quality
With On-board DIP switch, you can easily adjust the drive segments Terminal power connector for easy connection drive power.
for 12 / 24V drive scheme
Suitable for 42 stepper motor drive, 3D printers and DIY.
Pitch: 1400 x 1400mil (35.56 x 35.56mm) Logic voltage: 5V Input voltage: 12-30V
Applicable module: A4988, DRV8825
Please note the direction when installing the drive module, otherwise it will burn module
Name: 4988/8825 Stepper Motor Drive Module Expansion Board
Size: approx 42x42x15mm/1.65×1.65×0.59in
Hole Spacing: 1400x1400mil (35.56×35.56mm)
Logic Voltage: 5V
Input Voltage: 12-30V
Applicable Modules: A4988, DRV8825
1 PC x Expansion Board
This product is only an expansion board, does not include 4988/8825 driver module
Please note the direction when installing the drive module, otherwise it will burn module.
Due to the differences of camera equipment, light intensity and display screens, the color of the item may be slightly different from that shown in the pictures.
Please allow 0-2cm size difference due to manual measurement.
There are no reviews yet.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


Update: The conference proceedings can be found at http://digitread.com/sose/, then select digivault. Username and password are in the conference bag. You can mail to firstname.lastname@example.org when you need a new username and password.
Important update: The final version of the booklet for SoSE 2016 can be found here.
Update: TAMS4CPS (Theme 4 and 5) EU Workshop invitation on June 16
Update: agenda can be found here
SoSE and Cyber Physical Systems, from academia to application and back
Visit SoSE 2016 to learn about enabling technologies (Internet of Things, cloud technology, robotics, modeling and simulation, etc) and about applications (maritime, offshore, subsea, defense, health, transportation, manufacturing, energy, and many more). We aim for effective networking between academics, practitioners, and policy makers. We expect 6 keynote speakers covering these areas.
This figure illustrates the multidisciplinarity of System of Systems Engineering, showing the need to connect all types of research to achieve business. We invite:
- Academics pushing technology from fundamental science to applied research
- Academic and industrial researchers bridging the Valley of death
- Industrial practitioners pulling technology into production and operations
- Policy makers facilitating and directing this entire process
Paper Submission and Registration
Guidelines and link to SUBMIT YOU PAPER here.
Registration for the upcoming SoSE conference can be found by clicking here.
Kongsberg Systems Engineering Event (KSEE) will be running parallel to the SoSE event, for more information click here.
Keynote Speakers at SoSE2016
Click the pictures for more information
|Sunday June 12th||Welcome Reception|
|Monday June 13th||Opening, 2 key notes, 3 parallel tracks, 1 tutorial|
|Tuesday June 14th||2 key notes, 3 parallel tracks, 1 tutorial, Conference Banquet|
|Wednesday June 15th||2 key notes, 3 parallel tracks, 1 tutorial|
|Thursday June 16th||Working groups, optional excursion, 1 tutorial|
For a more detailed schedule, click here!
- Paper submission (online): 15th February, 2016
- Notification of accepted papers: 12th March, 2016
- Final Camera Ready Manuscript due: 20th April 2016


From the kitchen to the laundry room, the life of a homeowner can be filled with monotonous tasks and chores. Luckily, many high-end brands have combined home appliances with smart technology to add convenience to the kitchen and laundry room, so homeowners can spend more time doing what they love.
The range is often the centerpiece in both your kitchen design and cooking routine, and smart technology can elevate both to new heights. For example, a number of high-end brands offer smart ranges with WiFi connectivity capabilities such as smart ranges from Thermador, which can be controlled via the Home Connect App, allowing for personalized control, notifications, and remote diagnostics.
From baked goods to main courses, ovens often endure extra usage during dinner parties and other gatherings, and having the ability to preheat and monitor your appliance remotely can be a massive convenience. Bosch and Thermador’s Home Connect capabilities allow home chefs to control smart ovens with their smartphone or tablet. Home Connect even allows you to explore new recipes with ease by sending instructions remotely to your oven.
Whether you’re going out of town or running errands, an open refrigerator door or a sudden drop in temperature can be catastrophic to your perishable items. Smart refrigerators from Bosch allow you to monitor your appliance remotely, ensuring that food items are stored at an optimal temperature. Miele refrigerators also offer smart features that allow you to monitor and communicate with your refrigeration appliances through WiFi and the Miele Cloud.
Heavy dishwasher usage is inevitable for homeowners who like to entertain, and smart dishwashers can help you minimize the stress of cleaning during and after special occasions. Smart dishwashers from Thermador also offer WiFi capabilities to make it easier for you to control your dishwasher, stay on top of updates, and even run remote diagnostics.
Smart Laundry Appliances
With incoming guests and out-of-town adventures comes extra loads of laundry. Smart washers and dryers take some of the inconvenience out of an often monotonous chore and ensure your clothing and linens are cleaned to perfection. For instance, smart laundry appliances from Miele utilize Miele@home technology for remote networking and also feature an array of other innovative technologies such as automatic load control and a water protection system.
Smart appliances free up time, bring peace of mind, and allow home chefs to thrive in their cooking space. Stop by our showroom to learn more about the remarkable smart technology advancements in the premium and luxury appliance industry.


To get the most out of your new electric vehicle, H and H Electric can install a home charging station that includes a delayed start function.
Both SMUD and Pacific Gas and Electric offer tiered time of use billing for electric vehicle owners. By charging your electric vehicle during off peak hours, your cost for electricity can be cut almost in half.
A Level 2 EVSE (charger) installed by H and H Electric can easily charge most vehicles in 6 hours, allowing a full charge to your vehicle while you sleep, and while energy rates are the lowest.
Both the Blink HQ and Siemens Versicharge offer delayed charging and are offered in hard wired as well as plug-in NEMA 14-50 versions.


The input and output signal is the information exchange between CNC system and the outside world. The interface is the necessary means to exchange information, and has an important position in the CNC numerical control system. For the CNC device, the signal transmitted from the machine to the CNC is called the input signal, and the signal that the CNC sends to the machine is called the output signal.
Different input / output devices are connected to the CNC system, and the corresponding I/O interface circuit and the interface chip are adopted. Interface chip is generally divided into special chip and general chip. The former dedicated to special input / output device interface, the latter applies in a variety of equipment interface for CNC device, main switching signal including AC digital input / output signal and DC AC I / O and I / O signal simulation.


Do you love your iPhone? Certainly you do, and so you might be interested in knowing how to take good care of your iPhone so that it could live longer. Since it’s your all in one device, so you just stick to it, the decreased battery life is very obvious. This article will guide you how you can enhance the battery life of your iPhone. Here it goes:
Use Solar Chargers for your iPhone
When you use solar chargers, you will benefit from the convenience of charging from any location, so that if your battery is low, you do not need to wait to find a plug for your device. Another advantage of this is that you reduce your electricity usage and in turn conserves the environment.
Turn Off Wireless Applications
Your iPhone comes with wireless applications such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, which consume the battery. If you keep these applications off whenever they are not in use, you can prolong the life of your cell by several hours. Some will recommend that you turn off your 3G connection as well, but this will depend on how frequently you use it. 3G does indeed take up some of the battery energy, and you can opt to turn it off if possible.
Charge Your Phone When It Is Completely Out
It is advisable to wait until your iPhone’s battery has run out before you charge it because if you plug it in when it is half full or more, the cell’s life will shorten. Only charge your phone when the battery is down so that it can last longer, which is why solar powered chargers are advisable in this case. You will need to have a charger handy when your phone’s battery is running low.
Shorter Phone Calls
One more tip is to shorten the phone calls you make on your iPhone. The longer you speak, the more of the battery you consume. This will take some discipline and getting used to, but when you do shorten the calls, your battery will serve you for longer. You could start by only making calls when you need to.
Turn off Auto-Brightness
It’s basically to change iPhone’s screen brightness on the basis of surrounding light and so consumes battery. Also lowering the brightness can save lot of battery. Any brightness level between 25% and 30% is ideal for all times, i.e. day and night. Not a bad idea to keep a constant brightness level, as it’ll be good for iPhone battery as well as your eyes.
- Turn off 3G, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, location services, equalizer etc when they’re not required. You must know that all these eat up lot of battery, so turning them off when not required saves lot of battery and hence increases the battery life too.
- Turn of sound effects. It really saves lot of your battery. Many times you can have fun without sound effects too!
- Don’t forget to have a monthly battery calibration. As strictly advised by Apple is to 100% charge the iPhone’s battery when it has completely drained. It means, get the battery completely finished, then charge it fully. An easy option!
- iPhone case is though a good protective measure, but charging your iPhone within case can harm and may reduce the battery life of your iPhone. This is mainly because iPhone generates heat during charging and when it’s covered with the case, that heat doesn’t get released and so it may damage battery cells or iPhone circuit.
The above list of battery saving tips may not be complete, and you can always add up your points to it, but it covers almost all areas where you can protect your iPhone battery. Use your iPhone with proper care, and it’ll live longer and perform best, exactly how and till when you want it!


What is the blue screen of death?
for these versions of Windows blue screen of death appears in the event of a fatal error when the kernel or driver.As a result, the only possible action is for the system to reboot the computer without saving the data.
By default, the system settings are set automatically restart in the event of a critical error.Also, the operating system creates a system log entry describing the error that occurred.
Blue Screen of Death always contains an error, recommendations to resolve the problem, the technical parameters of the error required for its removal.The text of the error message and recommendations are always standard, but the technical information varies depending on the error that occurred.
The technical information (Technical Information) system indicates :
- error code and symbolic name;
- options, explaining the error, intended for debugging software;
- address of the error;
- driver name in which the error occurred.
Why do I get the blue screen of death?
cause of the BSoD are often problems with drivers : their incompatibility, incorrect, failures.Less common cause of the BSoD become viruses .Also BSoD may be caused by malfunctioning devices (most often RAM or hard drive), the conflict, the conflict of applications or overheating of computer components and, as a consequence of the failures.
What to do if the blue screen of death appeared?
It has been said the default settings of the system should automatically reboot the system when there BSoD.In this case, the system will automatically restart as long as the error is corrected.However, to be able to write down the error code and determine the cause of its occurrence, you must disable this option.
To do this, go to "Control Panel".Next, go to the tabs: "System" - "Advanced" - "Startup and Recovery" - "Options".On the tab "System Failure" remove "tick" with the option "Automatically restart" and save the system.
When BSoD necessary , first of all, to record the error code - it is useful to fix the problem.Then restart the computer button «Reset» and as soon as the system starts to boot - press F8.In the resulting menu, select Last Known Good Configuration.
If you load last known good configuration system failed , you must restart the computer again and again by pressing F8, select "safe mode."If the system is booted in safe mode, then you can try to perform a system recovery.
If you restore the system failed , then the special code table stop error is necessary to find an error code and find out the cause.Once the cause of the error is resolved, you must try again to restore the system in safe mode.
If the problem is caused by the appearance BSoD, lies in the software rather than the hardware of the computer after a system restore or reinstall after , blue screen of death no longer appears.
To make sure that the hardware of the computer normally, it is necessary to test "iron» .To test the hard disk used utility MHDD, run from diskette under MS-DOS, to test memory - memtest86 +, also starts from a floppy disk.
Note that reinstalling the system will help solve the problem of short BSoD, but if the reason for his appearance has not been resolved, then there is a high probability that BSoD will soon appear again.