Table of Contents
Can AI for Smart Grids really transform aging power grids? Absolutely! After a decade advising utilities on renewable integration, I’ve seen firsthand how complex adding solar, wind and EVs makes grid management.
Keeping supply and demand balanced on systems built for centralized assets becomes nearly impossible without smart automation.
I remember touring a utility control room where operators were manually typing generator setpoints to avoid blackouts during heatwaves.
Sweat poured off foreheads as they questioned if infrastructure could handle rapid decarbonization. In that intense moment, AI’s potential clicked – self-optimizing algorithms could orchestrate the unpredictable dynamics effortlessly.
Investing in machine learning to upgrade reliability and resiliency is crucial. In this article, I’ll share insider knowledge on how AI unlocks a flexible, efficient clean energy grid. The future beckons.
AI for Smart Grids: Why This Matters
With climate change accelerating and renewable energy expanding quickly, our power grids are undergoing massive changes. All the new solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles, battery storage projects, and distributed energy resources make keeping the lights on much more complex. Without upgrades, our aging grid infrastructure could buckle under the strain.
This is where AI comes in! Smart algorithms can help manage all the complex dynamics of supply and demand in real-time, optimizing renewable integration on a large scale. AI can make grids self-healing, resilient, and hyper efficient. It’s like installing a high-tech “brain” to coordinate the green energy boom.
Investing in AI-enabled smart grids is critical to speed up decarbonization. It also saves money by reducing congestion, outages, and infrastructure spending. As an added bonus, it unlocks cool tech like smart meters, microgrids, and transactive energy markets.
Let’s dive deeper.
AI Enables Predictive and Adaptive Management of Decentralized Supply and Demand
Balancing gigawatts of solar and wind with millions of EVs, home batteries, smart devices is super tricky with conventional control systems. The variability and complexity get out of hand fast
Luckily, machine learning algorithms thrive on finding patterns in massive, chaotic datasets like this.
Forecasting Renewable Generation to Optimize Scheduling and Dispatch
AI takes historical data from weather stations, turbine sensors, and satellite imagery and learns to predict renewable output. This helps utilities schedule the right amount of backup power ahead of time.
Sophisticated deep learning models can forecast solar generation within 5% accuracy up to 6 hours ahead using sky images. That’s huge for integration.
Similar neural networks are being developed by Google and others to predict wind farm output based on weather patterns. The generators can then be optimally dispatched when needed.
Predicting and Shaping Customer Demand via Intelligent Automation
On the customer side, everything from EVs, smart thermostats, and home batteries are responsive to price signals and can adjust their usage. This “demand flexibility” can be optimized with AI to flatten peaks and fill valleys in consumption.
For example, algorithms can automate EV charging to soak up midday solar surplus and then taper off during the evening net load peak. This “smart charging” can shave expensive peaker plant usage significantly.
AI aggregated control of large numbers of home batteries and hybrid water heaters also flattens the famous “duck curve” net load shape:
|Net Load Shape
|Pronounced peaks and valleys
By learning customer behavior patterns, AI apps will eventually automate demand response for entire neighborhoods, smoothing consumption to match renewable generation.
This next-gen demand forecasting and management will be crucial as adoption of behind-the-meter assets takes off.
Using Simulations and Digital Twins to Model Complex Dynamics
As if predicting weather, market prices, and human behavior wasn’t hard enough…
Grid operators have to constantly run complex simulations to assess stability and optimize dispatch as the mix of generators rapidly shifts.
Here too, AI shines by building high fidelity digital twin models that perfectly mirror all the physical assets, telemetry data and parameters of the actual grid.
Reinforcement learning algorithms then co-control the digital twin, exploring millions of scenarios much faster than real-time. This reveals vulnerabilities and tests strategies before deploying them, accelerating innovation.
Machine Learning Allows High Penetration of Diverse and Distributed Resources
Ok, so AI helps forecast and shape the crazy complex supply and demand on modern grids. But its real magic is coordinating everything seamlessly at scale.
Integrating Solar, Wind, EVs, Storage at Scale
A big challenge today is that regions can only handle about 10-20% renewable penetration before stability suffers. But with advanced analytics, much more is possible.
For example, Google’s DeepMind AI increased wind power usage at their data centers by over 20% through reinforcement learning, optimizing across millions of control combinations.
Similar machine learning can optimize grid-level renewable integration by coordinating batteries, pumped hydro, hydrogen storage and more to balance generation.
This enables scaling past theoretical limits while avoiding curtailment. One study found AI could enable 30-40% solar and wind penetration in certain regions. Exciting stuff.
Coordinating Networked Microgrids and Virtual Power Plants
At the cutting edge, AI is unlocking decentralized energy trading through transactive energy markets and virtual power plants (VPPs).
These blockchain-based platforms connect distributed solar, wind, batteries, EVs and even home appliances into a single coordinated pool using economic signals.
Households become “prosumers” who can customize the automation of assets to maximize self-consumption or sell excess power to neighbors via smart contracts.
VPPs aggregate hundreds of such local resources to offer grid services and compete in wholesale markets as a single fleet. This simultaneously empowers consumers while making small-scale assets dispatchable at scale.
Early demonstration projects show AI optimized VPPs can double returns for solar panel owners by providing frequency regulation services. Win-win.
Soon hyperlocal peer-to-peer energy trading will become mainstream thanks to algorithms that automatebid optimization, risk modeling, portfolio balancing and more.
Advanced Algorithms Boost Reliability, Resiliency and Cybersecurity
A modern grid has to be resilient against storms, fires, cyber-attacks, and other shocks that are growing more intense lately…
Thankfully, AI promises a self-healing infrastructure that fixes problems before we even notice.
Faster Outage and Fault Restoration through Automation
When disasters strike, getting the lights back on ASAP is critical. Unfortunately, utilities must still rely on slow, manual inspections to assess damage and dispatch crews.
But researchers have demonstrated automated damage assessment using drones and computer vision that detect downed lines 10 times faster after wildfires. Coupled with simulation algorithms, this allows rapid re-routing and crew dispatch to accelerate restoration.
Meanwhile, new fault location, isolation & supply restoration (FLISR) systems use reinforcement learning to quickly isolate issues and minimize customers impacted – all automatically.
Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Protection Schemes
Legacy protection equipment like fuses, breakers and relays are static and triggered by violations of fixed voltage/frequency/current/temperature thresholds.
But with growing variability, these crude schemes now have to use very conservative, restrictive limits – forcing curtailment of otherwise usable power.
Intelligent agents programmed using reinforcement learning adapt protection setpoints dynamically based on real-time conditions and probability of issues arising. This prevents premature tripping and unlocks flexibility.
For example, all-ML adaptive trip settings increased solar hosting capacity 5X on a California feeder without violations. That’s liberating.
Using AI to Detect Anomalies and Strengthen Cyber Defenses
Finally, with grids getting hyperconnected, threats from hackers loom larger every day.
Thankfully, AI is a powerful cyber ally. Algorithms can baseline normal network traffic then flag deviations indicative of intrusions needing investigation.
Unsupervised learning systems digest billions of data points from phasor measurement units, smart meters, log files, and more to profile grid communication patterns.
The AI then builds live vulnerability maps to fortify defenses and sniff out anomalies invisible to legacy software in real-time.
This 24/7 immune-system-for-the-grid uses advanced analytics to keep our critical infrastructure secure. Talk about peace of mind.
Deep Learning Extracts Maximized Value from Massive Grid Data
Modern grid infrastructure has a truly mind-boggling amount of data streaming from millions of sensors, meters, assets in the field.
Without AI to process this firehose of information, most of it gets wasted.
Thankfully, deep learning algorithms thrive on finding useful insights hidden inside massive, messy datasets.
Processing Vast Data from Sensors, Meters, Equipment
High resolution equipment telemetry coupled with new IoT smart sensors across transmission lines, transformers, substations etc. generate terabytes per substation per year!
Just one set of transmission line monitoring sensors can have over 200 data channels sampling 30,000 times per second!
No human can track anomalies or derive meaning from this scale of data. But deep neural networks ingest such flows effortlessly, transforming grid operations.
Identifying Efficiency Gaps and Infrastructure Upgrade Needs
Once ingested, comparative analysis of cross-asset telemetry and usage data reveals crucial insights.
AI baselines key parameters like system losses, power factors, load factors, and flags poor performing assets. Operators also gain visibility into upgrade priorities.
This analytics-based asset management ensures peak performance and delays expensive capital upgrades until truly necessary. Studies suggest advanced algorithms can reduce operations & maintenance costs by over 25% through optimization.
Predictive Maintenance and Asset Health Monitoring
But AI can go way beyond finding current under-performance issues…
The same time-series data used for monitoring combined with computer vision, vibration sensors, and even acoustic tracking is being used to predict failures before they happen.
Deep anomaly detection notes subtle performance degradations over time and estimates the remaining useful life of critical assets based on digital twin simulations. This enables just-in-time maintenance instead of wasteful routine upkeep.
The benefit? One UK distribution utility targeting transformers and switchgear is cutting maintenance expenses 23% while improving reliability over 12%. Not too shabby!
The same approach applied across entire asset fleets will boost efficiency exponentially. It’s a no-brainer investment as far as I’m concerned.
I know I covered a ton of ground here and probably threw more jargon than I meant to! The world of AI-enabled grids is complex but super fascinating in my opinion.
Let me try to ground this future tech into few key tangible takeaways:
1) AI translates to rapid decarbonization and extraordinary efficiency
By deeply integrating renewables and distributed assets, smart algorithms accelerate green energy adoption on a sweeping level. This also unlocks demand flexibility for incredible optimization.
2) Investing in AI future-proofs electricity infrastructure
Self-optimizing automation prepares grids for coming disruptions like mass EV adoption, transactive energy markets, extreme weather etc. without requiring physical upgrades.
3) The consumer experience transforms with personalization
Imagine algorithmic assistants that schedule your EV charging, pool neighborhood solar quotas, enable appliance controls and recommend the best rates – all customized to your lifestyle!
The benefits here seem too big to ignore. And like with most digital transformations, I suspect early movers will have an edge.
Experts forecast the global smart grid market ballooning to $139 billion by 2030. That’s a whole lot of green-tech-driven growth in the pipeline!
I’m feeling bullish that between renewable energy expansion, electrification, and automation – we’re headed towards a vibrant clean energy economy. And AI-powered smart grids could play a pivotal role in catalyzing the transition.
How Ai Is Used In Smart Grid?
AI has dozens of high-impact use cases optimizing smart grid management – from forecasting renewable generation, shaping customer loads around supply dynamics, stabilizing frequency/voltage perturbations faster than humans can react, all the way to securing systems against cyber intrusions through machine learning enhanced monitoring.
Algorithms also amplify utilization of assets through advanced analytics detecting inefficiencies and steering predictive maintenance. When deployed end-to-end, the collective impact is a self-healing, resilient, highly efficient grid that seamlessly balances supply and demand.
How Can Ai Be Used In Clean Energy?
AI accelerates clean energy adoption primarily by enabling larger scale renewable energy integration onto legacy grid infrastructure.
Machine learning predicts renewable output more accurately than traditional physics-based modeling while also forecasting net load shapes.
This allows grid operators to schedule the optimal mix of generation assets to match demand, avoiding curtailments. Algorithms also optimize market operations, maintenance scheduling, future capacity planning all of which smooths integration of larger solar, wind and other carbon-free resources.
How Is Ai Used In Energy Management?
From the customer side, AI enables behavioral load shaping that flattens peaks and fills valleys in net demand. This is achieved through aggregated control of behind-the-meter assets like EV chargers, smart thermostats, home batteries etc.
Deep learning algorithms shift flexible appliance usage via price signals and automation to soak up renewable generation when available and minimize draw during high load conditions. Across millions of endpoints, such edge AI optimization provides tremendous demand response capabilities.
What Is A Smart Grid How Can Smart Grids Be Useful?
A smart grid refers to upgrading legacy electricity infrastructure with cutting-edge communication, automation, and analytics capabilities that enable real-time coordination of supply and demand dynamics. This is extremely useful as it allows seamless integration of larger amounts of variable renewable generation alongside more electric vehicles and distributed energy resources like rooftop solar, home batteries etc. Essentially the algorithms make the grid self-optimizing so it can handle the complexities of rapid decarbonization.
How Does Ai Help In Affordable And Clean Energy?
Leveraging AI to modernize grids is pivotal for affordable clean energy at scale for a few key reasons: 1) Enables larger renewable penetration at lower integration costs 2) Reduces infrastructure spending needs by extending asset lifetimes 3) Lowers energy costs for consumers by improving efficiency and utilization 4) Democratizes access through decentralized energy resources and peer-to-peer markets
What Is The Role Of Smart Grid In Renewable Energy?
Smart grids enable various capabilities that directly accelerate the adoption of renewable energy – from advanced meteorological and generation forecasting models that help grid operators schedule the optimal generation mix to automated control systems that stabilize frequency fluctuations from variable wind and solar faster than humans can react
. They also reduce renewable curtailment through dynamic optimization. And over the long term, capabilities like behavioral load shaping and decentralized transactive energy markets will provide the demand flexibility necessary to scale renewables dramatically while maintaining reliability standards.
What Is The Smart Grid In Renewable Energy?
In essence, smart grids serve as the facilitator that allows far larger amounts of renewable energy to be integrated into the existing infrastructure reliably and affordably through the advancement of software intelligence. Without the forecasting, automation, efficiency gains, and flexibility unlocked by algorithms, variable wind, and solar penetration would remain limited. So while renewables provide abundant clean electricity, smart grids provide the brains to manage it.
What Are 3 Benefits For Smart Grid?
- Enables larger renewable energy integration – via advanced forecasting and automation
- Improves resilience – through self-healing functions and predictive maintenance
- Unlocks new capabilities – like decentralized energy trading between consumers
How Ai Could Solve Our Renewable Energy Problem?
Two of the biggest challenges with renewable energy currently are 1) Integrating large volumes of variable wind/solar onto legacy grids reliably 2) Managing seasonal storage across longer dark, low wind periods. Sophisticated AI tools like deep neural network-based forecasting, reinforcement learning for real-time optimization and automated control of distributed flexible assets could solve the real-time variability issue. Longer-term storage management will likely require some blending of large-scale batteries coordinated by algorithms to fill multi-day supply gaps. Together these two pathways can solve the integration challenges.
How Ai Is Useful To Access Affordable And Clean Energy Globally?
Scaling access to affordable clean energy globally has huge complexities from remote deployments, lack of skilled personnel, jurisdictional diversity etc. AI and automation remove friction on numerous fronts – from suppressing soft costs of renewables through accelerated project development, design, and approvals to lowering integration and operational expenses by replacing legacy manpower with optimized software intelligence.
Algorithms also enable transactive energy models where decentralized ownership opens income generation opportunities to raise economic standards across communities. They accelerate training other AI agents through self-supervised learning to spread expertise to underserved regions.
We’ve covered extensive ground on AI’s indispensable role in modernizing electricity infrastructure. From predicting renewables to securing defenses – smart software unlocks revolutionary potential.
As climate urgency increases alongside technology availability, the questions shift – when will utilities embed autonomy to manage new complexities? How rapidly can algorithms accelerate the sustainable power paradigm? While challenges remain, the writing is on the wall. I’m confident AI will electrify grids in this decisive decade!
Now I pass the mic to you – what societal impacts do you foresee as automation reshapes how we produce and consume energy? Share your visionary ideas below.


As I was working tonight I started to think about the advances car audio has seen in the past couple of decades. It amazes me to think that amps and the technology in amps have come so far, but it seems to me that subs have very little that could be improved upon. As the years go by and amps produce more and more power it seems subs just get bigger motors and bulkier voice coils to handle the increased power. Am I missing something? Is it just working from a larger motor and trying to design around it? Are there truly no innovative ideas out there because there is nothing to improve on as far as the tech involved because of a loudspeakers simplicity or are the innovations so subtle that I have failed to notice them?
btw I have a good amount of respect for EE's for advancing the car audio culture in the ways they have. I had to take an electronics course for my physics BS and that was the most tedious, painful class I took and we didn't even scratch the surface.


How do I use a multifunction block to control direction from a digital input?
Use one of the MULTIFUNCTION blocks in SIGN CHANGER mode. Basically, take your present final speed demand (the output of the RUN MODE RAMP block) through one of the MULTIFUNCTION blocks and control the polarity with a digital input. See the default block diagram in the PLX manual to see where it goes - between the RUN MODE RAMP GOTO and PIN 65.
Specifically, proceed as follows:
Go to CONFIGURATION, ENABLE GOTO,GETFROM and set to ENABLED
Go to CONFIGURATION, BLOCK OP CONFIG, RUN MODE RAMPS GOTO and set it to 300)ANALOG POST 1 (or another post if already in use) Go to APPLICATION BLOCKS, MULTI-FUNCTION 1, 544)MULTIFUN1 MODE and set it to SIGN CHANGER
Go to APPLICATION BLOCKS, MULTI-FUNCTION 1, GET FROM and set it to 300)ANALOG POST 1 (or whichever post you used)
Go to APPLICATION BLOCKS, MULTI-FUNCTION 1, GOTO and set it to 65)RAMPED SPD REF 4
Go to CONFIGURATION, DIGITAL INPUTS, DIP1 (T14) SETUP (or whichever digital input you want to use) and set its GOTO to 545)MULTIFUN1 OP SEL
Go to CONFIGURATION, ENABLE GOTO,GETFROM and set to DISABLED Digital input 1 then controls the polarity of the final speed reference signal from the RUN MODE RAMP block into the SPEED CONTROL block. Please see section 3.10 of the APPLICATION BLOCKS manual for more info on the MULTIFUNCTION blocks.
Don't forget to perform a PARAMETER SAVE once you are happy with the functionality.


Computers utilizing computer vision based technology/software will become exponentially better in understanding the world. The best Go Player of the world was beat by a computer with computer vision technology this year, 10 years earlier than expected.
In the United States, young lawyers already don't get jobs; because of IBM Watson. IBM Watson will give you legal advice (nothing fancy, just basic stuff) in a matter of seconds. Accuracy? 90% accuracy! Compared to the 70% accuracy of an actual lawyer. Studying law? stop immediately (just kidding), however there will be 90% fewer lawyers in the future as only specialists will remain. Watson also helps in healthcare where it can diagnose cancer 4 times faster than human nurses.
Facebook has a pattern recognition software that can recognize faces better than humans a technology which is interesting for MagnaVersums’ Verus Services.
By 2030, computers, with the correct software, will become more intelligent than humans.
Next blog will be based on Autonomous Cars and how this technology will disrupt the market.


Presently, numerous sorts of fluorescent as well as incandescent light lamps are one of the most often utilized lights worldwide. The crucial factors for that are the human propensity and also the reduced price to stick to the acquainted.
Electric lights are frequently separated right into 3 significant groups: incandescent light lamps, gas discharge lights (fluorescent lights, photo flashes and so on) as well as semiconductor lights (such as LED; light-emitting diode). Each source of light is assessed by the effectiveness, capability and also cost in order to develop the ideal illumination for numerous places. What benefits residential or commercial property does not always match a production center, a parking lot or a highway.
For those that are looking ahead to obtain these solar road light mounted to inform their closet, the federal government is likewise sustaining them by introducing numerous systems to obtain the cash as well as to obtain these lights set up right into their place. All these lights are likewise readily available at solar road light vendors of your neighboring location where you can obtain various kinds of these lights and also can mount them to accomplish your illumination requires. Electric lights are frequently separated right into 3 significant groups: incandescent light lamps, gas discharge lights (fluorescent lights, photo flashes and so on) and also semiconductor lights (such as LED; light-emitting diode). Incandescent light lamps generate light by heating up a slim cord making use of an electric present. As opposed to basic light lamps, LEDs light efficiency is not family member to the power use.
Typically a couple of Mono Crystalline Silicon atex led canopy lights Solar Panels, which are enveloped with toughened up glass, are installed in addition to a post. The power level (W) outcome of the panels is matched with the LED source of light power level. With sophisticated innovation as well as greater need, the conversion performance of the sunlight’s power to electrical power has actually been raising to approximate 20%, while the expense per Watt result has actually lowered to regarding United States $0.80.
Street-lighting has a significant component in preserving the healthy and balanced task in inhabited areas as well as is essential for decreasing injuries as well as road felonies; in addition, road lights are being made use of for advertising as well as imaginative objectives. In addition to the power use, road lights could produce various other problems that need to be gone to as blinding impact, lodging response, lighting contamination as well as upkeep issues. The optimal remedy for enlightening exterior locations have to provide a total solution to all these elements.
Road lights are planned to light up huge outside areas for lorries and also pedestrians. Light absorption, instructions of light, life expectancy, shade, power intake, greenhouse gas discharge, degree of brightness and also physical resilience are all component of the check-up listing.
Solar power is a environment-friendly and also complimentary power that is lasting and also entirely eco-friendly. Altering to solar power, in mix with LED light bulbs, can conserve trillions of bucks, which would certainly be especially essential for poorer nations or those battling with financial debts as well as shortages. The first expense for carrying out the adjustment to Solar LED outside Illumination is high.
The usage of lights is not restricted as thes e inform our course by getting rid of dark hrs much from us. Numerous sectors are nowadays functioning over to create a high quantity of power to additional supply it to people so that they can please their numerous types of demands.
Many of the people can be discovered whining regarding unequal electrical supply at their place as well as it is significantly interfering with the way of living of all these people as well as reducing the extent of plant manufacturing. In many of the remote areas, where there is no power supply tool, many of the people are living in old patterns and also dealing with different problems which could take area in dark evenings.
All these lights run by taking in solar power therefore they just require sunlight absolutely nothing else. These lights come with numerous benefits and also one amongst them is their freedom from each various other.
For those that are looking ahead to obtain these solar road light mounted to inform their closet, the federal government is likewise sustaining them by introducing different systems to obtain the cash as well as to obtain these lights set up right into their place. All these lights spread their illumination all with the evening and also immediately obtain closed off as soon as the dawn occurs.
All these lights are likewise readily available at solar road light distributors of your neighboring location where you can obtain various sorts of these lights and also can mount them to satisfy your lights requires. These lights assist in minimizing costs concern by utilizing sunshine and also assistance people to live gladly. Mount a solar light at your location to recover its included benefits in hassle-free way.
Solar LED exterior lights has actually been swiftly getting appeal for the previous couple of years, however it’s still not quickly sufficient. We listen to whisperings from globe federal governments concerning altering lights for roads, parks, grass, as well as signboards from conventional fluorescent and also incandescent light bulbs powered by public energy business to solar powered LED illumination.
Light releasing diode is a modern-day semiconductor light resource, which is developed on recombination treatment of electrons and also electron openings. As opposed to basic light lamps, LEDs light efficiency is not loved one to the power use. It shows numerous light shades without the demand of exterior filters, like various other light resources.
Fluorescent modern technology utilizes electrical power to launch inert gas in mercury vapor, which certainly develops a noticeable light. These lights have a propensity for starter as well as flicker problems, decreased efficiency with time that results in dark pink light as well as their shade performance is concerned as unpleasant and also misshaping. It takes in a reasonably big area nevertheless, spreads out the light much better than incandescent lights.
Conventional public utility-dependent outside lights takes in the greatest quantity of power contrasted to all various other locations of electrical intake. While checking out a Solar LED road lights producer in Beijing, China, I asked the proprietor why there was no Solar LED lights in Beijing to conserve power.
Incandescent light lamps create light by heating up a slim cable making use of an electric existing. Because many of the discharged radiation converts to warmth (concerning 90 %) rather of noticeable light, the luminescent efficiency of those lights is exceptionally small, varies in between 10-15 Lumens per watt. Incandescent lights are delicate to electrical present changes, resonances as well as extra regional problems; they experience 10 % -15 % light devaluation, as well as their typical life expectations is significantly much shorter than a lot of various other lights methods (1,000 hrs).
Just placed, outside illumination uses the sunlight’s rays utilizing Solar panels which pass Straight Existing (DC) electrical fee to a controller which safeguards the rechargeable batteries that are being billed with complimentary power from the sunlight throughout the day. It functions to shield from over billing, solar turnaround cost and also lightning.


AbstractIn this paper we discuss the problem of monitoring data sensed in large sensor networks. A sensor typically runs on a battery having a limited lifetime. In order to increase the lifetime of a sensor it is important that the mechanisms used in monitoring them be energy efficient.
In this paper, we propose a new paradigm called Prediction-based monitoring for energy-efficient monitoring. We show that the paradigm can be visualized as a watching of a “sensor movie” and that concepts from MPEG may be applied to it. We have implemented the proposed algorithms in a testbed of Rene motes[Motes]. Experimental results show that the proposed solutions cut down the energy consumption by more than 5 times, considerably increasing sensor lifetimes, and thereby, the lifetime of the networks formed from these sensors.
RightsThis Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights.You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use.For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).


Brain – Coming Soon: Memory Chip Implants for the Brain
Brain: Written by Joe DiDonato on June 22, 2011, Elearning! Magazine
Imagine inserting a memory card into your brain, and instantly, you know how to perform a physical or mental task. According to recent articles in the LA Times and elsewhere, it’s apparently not that far away. A team of scientists headed by Dr. Theodore Berger from the University of Southern California’s Viterbi School of Engineering has created a chip that allows rats to instantly ‘know’ things. By simply inserting a prosthetic chip, rats were given short-term learning and memorization capabilities. The chip is capable of storing neural signals, basically functioning as an electronic memory, which in turn allowed the rats to learn tasks and keep those memories in the devices.
To Discuss how these Solutions will add value for you, your organization and/or your clients, Affinity/Resale Opportunities, and/or Collaborative Efforts, Please Contact:


In CCD astroimaging a flat field (sometimes called a flat image) is an image taken in order to compensate for variances in light sensitivity across the CCD chip. If a CCD sensor is illuminated by a perfectly flat light source, that is that every part of the CCD surface is illuminated by exactly the same amount of light, the number of photons counted by each cell in the CCD will be different. In pretty picture imaging this can cause variations in brightness across the image. In scientific imaging this can introduce significant instrumentation error.
To compensate for this astronomers take a flat field image. This image is taken by pointing the optical system at a perfectly flat light source and allowing the CCD to be exposed for a period of time. This creates an image that shows not only the variance across the CCD but also any variance caused by the optical system such as dust or vignetting. This image is then saved and used to correct any subsequent application images by dividing the application image by the flat field image.
Types of Flat Field Images
There are several methods of creating a flat field image, each one has advantages and disadvantages and astronomers will often use a combination of methods in order to create a good flat field.
As the name suggests, a dome flat is taken in the observatory (which is often covered with a dome). With this type of flat, a screen that is slightly larger than the aperture of the telescope is mounted somewhere in the observatory (usually on the dome) where it is evenly illuminated by artificial lights. The telescope is pointed at the screen and the flat image taken . The advantage of a dome flat is that it can be taken at any time, even during the day. This means that valuable on-sky time isn't used for non-target imaging. The primary disadvantage of the dome flat is that it is often itself not flat due to variances in the lighting used and variances in the screen itself. Also without special thought to the paint used on the screen, the screen may also not be truly white and thus not flat in certain filters.
There is a point in the sky about 20° from the zenith opposite the Sun right at sunset that is basically flat. Since this point in the day is called twilight, this makes a twilight flat. The advantage to this type of flat is that it is readily available as all one has to do is wait till the appropriate time, point the telescope at the appropriate point in the sky and take the flat image. The disadvantage of this technique is that the point in time where this point in the sky is flat is limited to periods where the Sun is between 90° and 100° from the zenith. This translates into a period of time of about 40 minutes each night and it is possible to miss this window while setting up for an evening's observing run.
It is also possible to use the night sky itself as a flat field. The difficulty here is that there are things visible in the night sky such as stars that get in the way of making a sky flat. The way a sky flat is made is a point in the sky with few stars is selected. The telescope is pointed at this area, the tracking turned off (so the stars drift) and the flat image exposed. This is done many times. The resulting images are combined using a mode statistic which removes the star trails. The advantage of this type of flat is that the colour is always correct. The night sky is always the colour of the night sky and thus in all filters will show the correct colour. The disadvantages are that even a mode statistic may not remove all the stars, making the image non-flat and that taking a series of sky flats takes time away from on-target imaging.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Birney, D.S., Gonzalez, G., Oesper, D., 2008, Observational Astronomy 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p173
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Howell, S.B., 2010, Handbook of CCD Astronomy, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p67
- ↑ Howell, S.B., 2010, Handbook of CCD Astronomy, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p82
- ↑ Massey, P. and Jacoby, G.H., 1992, ASPC 23, p240
- ↑ Chromey, F.R. and Hasselbacher, D.A., 1996, PASP 108, p 994


"A British-led study has found striking similarities among the human brain, the nervous system of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and computer chips. A team of U.K., U.S. and German neuroscientists and computer experts led by University of Cambridge Professor Edward Bullmore compared the way the systems are organized and found all three have the same networking principles. The researchers said they found all three share two basic properties: All have the same architecture, with the same patterns repeating at different scales; and all show what's known as Rentian scaling -- a rule used to describe the relationship between the number of elements in a given area and the number of links between them."
"Study: The human brain may not be special." Space Daily
The human brain may not be special
"Josh Emery, research assistant professor with the earth and planetary sciences department at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, has found evidence of water ice and organic material on the asteroid 24 Themis. This evidence supports the idea that asteroids could be responsible for bringing water and organic material to Earth."
"Scientists find evidence of water ice on asteroid's surface." Space Daily
Water ice on asteroid
"Two trends are emerging for future renewable electricity. In the first, local solar, wind or biomass plants will produce more energy for small communities or single homes. In the second, large amounts of electricity will be generated by solar power stations in desert areas or extensive offshore wind farms, and delivered over long distances to densely populated areas. But how can electrical power be delivered over long distances without large losses? The solution to this problem is direct current. When electrical power at voltages from 100,000 to 1,000,000 volts is routed through high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission cables, energy losses are significantly reduced."
"How is electrical power carried across the sea." Space Daily
Electrical power transmission across the sea


Since the emergence of the Smart Factory concept in manufacturing, Digital Twins have become a vital part of Industry 4.0, creating entirely new business models with proven benefits. Digital Twins have taken advantage from the exponential growth of immersive technologies such as, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, IoT and Artificial Intelligence in the recent years.
In reality, the mainstream adoption of Industry 4.0 is not going to be immediate since the infrastructure-readiness level is yet to improve a lot in most countries. However, existing case studies and reports make it evident that the next five to ten years are going to be the key for this radical digital transformation. A recent McKinsey survey indicates that 92 percent of Industry 4.0 suppliers and 74 percent of manufacturers expect Industry 4.0 to have an impact on their business model.
Digital Twins are virtual clones of their physical counterpart—connected and streaming data in real-time. They are not just the digital prototypes or CAD models. This metaverse has the potential to represent most elements and dynamics of the physical world with remarkable productivity boost. The entire lifecycle of an equipment starting from design to creation, operation, troubleshooting and maintenance can be enhanced through digital twins.
Immersive Digital Twins
Fusing the digital and physical worlds through immersive experiences, such as, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) or Mixed-Reality (MR) adds the real value to digital twins. This immersive technology adds additional perspectives to virtual objects such as, depth, volume and scale in relation to the viewer, which helps the decision-makers to visualise huge volumes of data in a more natural, holistic and easily understandable 3D-space for a much faster and more informed decision-making.
Business values of immersive Digital Twins
The basic remote monitoring functionality of this virtual replica provides the ability for deep understanding of equipment and processes. Through implementing the concept of Digital Twins, enterprises can take the advantage of data-driven decision-making for enhanced production and profitability. Incorporating Ai, Computer Vision, Extended Reality and Cognitive Computing abilities will make the ultimate Digital Twin, which can enhance performance, perform predictive analysis, simulate tricky scenarios and can even control processes. For example, using Digital Twins, engineers can test and optimize the equipment and process settings for the upcoming production in the virtual environment before the actual changeover. Implementing the concept of Digital Twins enables enterprises to take advantage of data-driven decision-making in real-time for enhanced production and profitability.
This concept was recently tested by Fusion VR, which worked on an interesting immersive Digital Twin project for an aero-engine through real-time test-bed data integration experienced through Mixed Reality head mounted display. The running conditions of the virtual engine was simulated based on the live-sensor data from its physical counterpart, which gave an opportunity to scientists to see the running engine so close for the first time with a handful of insights on zone-vice temperatures, RPMs, vibrations and other critical parameters.
Predictions on Digital Twins
In recent times, there have been interesting predictions on the potential of Digital Twins. A recent Gartner report listed Digital Twins in the Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2019, stating that digital twins are particularly promising over the next three to five years. They further predicted that organizations will initially implement digital twins, improve them over time via AI and immersive technologies, and eventually develop new economic and business models that deliver maximum value.
According to the International Data Corporation (IDC), by 2020, 30 per cent of 2000 companies globally will be using data from Digital Twins of IoT-connected products to improve innovation and organizational efficiency, achieving productivity gains of up to 25 percent. Gartner also forecasts that by 2021, about 50 percent of all large industrial companies will have adopted the Digital Twin technology. They further predict that by 2022, 70 percent of enterprises will be experimenting with immersive technologies for consumer and enterprise use, and 25 percent will have deployed to production.
Industries today are in a critical situation to make the strategic decision on moving towards these disruptive landscape and related investments. Conventional thinking on tangible investments such as, upgrading the machineries alone is never going to sustain businesses in the future. Intangible asset creation such as, Digital Assets and IPs are equally important to increase operational efficiency.
Industry 4.0 adoption
Companies should realise that their existing data from the past is an invaluable asset, which holds their best and worst production history in their DNA. Even though 80 percent of this data is unstructured in most cases, these are the intangible assets, which have a clear advantage during digital transformation. Industries should make use of sensor price drops (60 percent), cost of bandwidth drop (40 times) and computing cost drop (60 times) in the last ten years, which are the major cost factors while preparing for the Industry 4.0 adoption.
Enterprises should start engaging Industry 4.0 consultants to ensure the right level of investments towards their digital transformation. For instance, in the US, the average spending on Industry 4.0 related R&D is around 30 percent. This technological tsunami is going to make a paradigm shift in the industrial ecosystem, where the clear winners and losers will emerge within this decade.
Read From Source: industr


HEPIC (High Energy Physics Instrumentation Center) is one of the groups responsible for research in Experimental Nuclear Physics at the Physics Institute at USP. Our focus is to study different aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics* (QCD), theory developed through the 1970s that describes the strong interactions, a force that maintains the elementary particles bound within hadrons, and protons and neutrons confined inside atomic nuclei.
In particular, the group is concerned with understanding the properties of the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), the state of matter where quarks and gluons, constituents of protons and neutrons, are no longer confined and the interactions between particles become more complex.
The observation and characterization of such plasma, in addition to the detailed understanding of strong interactions, are also quite important from a cosmological perspective. It is believed that the Universe was in a very similar state to the QGP right after the Big Bang. In this case, the investigation of this state of matter allows a deeper comprehension of the evolution of the primordial Universe, its expansion and hadronization.
Diagram of nuclear matter phases.
The experimental investigation of the existence and characterization of this state of matter is the focus of large heavy ion accelerators at relativistic energies, such as the RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider), in the USA, and the LHC (Large Hadron Collider), in Switzerland. With such instruments, it is possible to heat or compress nuclear matter, colliding nuclei of heavy elements, such as gold or lead, at very high energies, creating the extreme conditions necessary for the analysis of the most complex states of nuclear matter, like the QGP.
Evolution scheme of a relatvistic ion collision.
In this section, you will have access to the research done by the group related to Quantum Chromodynamics, as well as all the instrumental and computational development made to investigate the particularities of this theory.
The QCD provides the necessary basis for the description of hadrons in terms of their fundamental constituents, the quarks. The interaction between quarks is done through gluons, which also interact with each other. This theory has proven to be quite competent in describing a wide variety of physical phenomena, from the most basic properties of atomic nuclei structure found in Nature, to situations of extreme condition, like the dynamics inside neutron stars or collisions of elementary particles in the atmosphere (cosmic rays) or inside large particle accelerators.
Two interesting characteristics of QCD, that come from the properties of the symmetry group that describes it, are the asymptotic freedom and confinement, both proved experimentally. However, one can also predict, based on this same theory, that in extreme situations of temperature and/ or baryonic density, the confinement in hadrons is no longer a necessary characteristic of the medium. In this sense, a phase transition to more complex states of matter occurs. The study of such states is extremely important for a complete understanding of the QGP state equation and its properties.


Digital circuits are the fundamental building block of computer architecture. They allow us to move onto a higher level of abstraction where we do not have to deal with the physics of hardware anymore. Computations on this level are described by Boolean functions which simply define an input-output relationship of bits. A boolean function can be described like this:
From a mathematical perspective, this is nothing fancy: Map a bunch of zeros and ones onto a zero or a one. But from a hardware perspective, this contains a lot of abstraction already. After all, a function and even the numbers zero and one are completely abstract concepts. How can they possibly be represented in hardware? Of course, I do not have a final answer, but I understand the following:
Zero and one can be represented by low and high voltage.
A function can be represented by input wires conducting electricity leading into a single output wire.
Function composition can be modeled by simply connecting output of one function an input of another.
Connecting and manipulating the physics of wires and electricity results in so called logical gates. These blocks are physical entities with input and output wires that behave according to some Boolean function. There could for example be a or an gate, behaving the way their truth tables specify. These building blocks can then be connected to build more complex Boolean functions. And this is where theory comes in handy: It would make sense to build a few small functions in actual hardware (with logical gates) and combine them to build more complex abstract functions without the need for new hardware. Therefore the question becomes: What functions do we need to build arbitrary complex Boolean functions?
There are many answers to this, but one of the smallest so called functionally complete sets is . The set is functionally complete. Given an arbitrary Boolean function (that is, its truth table), one can build a corresponding logical formula using just these three functions. This fact requires a proof of its own, but there are multiple intuitive methods to achieve this. For now, it just means that it is enough to show how this set of three functions can be constructed from just . But this is not complicated either and can be achieved by playing around with the function just a bit:
What does this show? It means nothing less than building a physical gate that behaves like a is all you need to do. If you can make the physics happen for , you can make the physics happen for any Boolean function essentially. Every single one. I find it fascinating that one binary Boolean function contains the power of arbitrary complex functions with an arbitrary amount of arguments. And the “proof” is nothing but a few elementary computations. I am always impressed with such simple yet powerful theoretical results. Well, theoretical result is probably an overstatement here since it is really just a construction, but a nice example still.


Combined Pole Mount System
- PIPL500TR48LB Series is ideal for remote OLT applications with high reliability power system. It is modular, expandable and can be easily installed, also with high cost effecve & high efficiency.
- Unit is design to maintain all aspects of the power performance, less power consump!on with easy maintenance on site. Total inbuilt space area is 12U including LFP battery.
- Inbuilt advanced monitoring op!onal features like battery health monitoring & DC/AC system monitoring, Poten!al free contact for DC fail & Battery Low.
- Battery backup is customized as per end user need, PIPL500TR48LB provide 2 Hours backup
- Compact Design
- Easy Maintenance
- High Reliability
- Quiet Operation
- 24 / 7 Monitoring and Control
- Optical Line Terminal
- Fixed Line
- Voltage (nominal): 200 / 220 / 240V AC
- Voltage (range): 170-300VAC; De-rating <= 184VAC (Line - Neutral)
- Frequency: 45 - 66Hz
- Voltage (adjustable range): -42 to -58VDC
- Maximum Power @ nominal Input: 500WDC / 100WAC
- Operating Temperature: -20 to +55 Degree C
- Storage Temperature: -40 to +70 Degree C


The smart home, driven by AI is a quickly developing sector. Security in the home is a hot sub-sector of the smart home.
This talk will focus on a project that uses vibration sensors, wavelet transformations, and machine learning techniques to perform identification and intruder detection in the home.
This talk will focus on:
- the sensor considerations and the HW stack,
- upgrading the project from a python to a spark stack, and
- an examination of the data from raw input through the wavelet transformations.


The objective of this laboratory is to study the physical properties of solid-state materials (such as semiconductors, magnetic materials, metals, insulators, superconducting materials) under ultra-high magnetic field conditions. Such a high magnetic field is also used for controlling the new material phase and functions. Our pulse magnets, at moment, can generate up to 87 Tesla (T) by non-destructive manner, and from 100 T up to 760 T (the world strongest as an in-door record) by destructive methods. The laboratory is opened for scientists both from Japan and from overseas, especially from Asian countries, and many fruitful results are expected to come out not only from collaborative research but also from our in-house activities. One of our ultimate goals is to provide the scientific users as our joint research with magnets capable of a 100 T, milli-second long pulses in a non-destructive mode, and to offer versatile physical precision measurements. The available measuring techniques now involve magneto-optical measurements, cyclotron resonance, spin resonance, magnetization, and transport measurements. Recently, specific heat and calorimetric measurements are also possible to carry out with sufficiently high accuracy.
Our standard non-destructive-type pulse magnets are energized by single capacitor bank and can generate fields up to 75 T for ordinary use. Their simple sinusoidal waveforms are advantageous for precise and reliable measurements of various physical properties. Several on-demand magnets having irregular shapes and sizes are developed for some particular experiments. We open six magnet cells for parallel experiments and accept more than 50 research projects per year in 2013.
A 210 MJ flywheel generator (Fig.1), which is the world largest DC power supply (recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records) has been installed in the DC flywheel generator station at our laboratory, and used as an energy source of long pulse magnets. The magnet technologies are intensively devoted to the quasi-steady long pulse magnet (an order of 1-10 sec) energized by the giant DC power supply. The latest long-pulse magnet can generate fields up to 36 T with its pulse half-period of 1 sec.
Our interests cover the study on quantum phase transitions (QPTs) induced by high magnetic fields. Field-induced QPTs have been explored in various materials such as quantum spin systems, strongly correlated electron systems and other magnetic materials. Direct thermodynamic evidences of QPTs are obtained through magnetization and recently developed caloric measurements. For some QPTs, changes in symmetry at the transitions are sensitively resolved through measurements of electric polarization or optical imaging using a polarizing microscope. High resolution of electrical measurements realized the observation of quantum oscillations in high quality crystals through measurements of electrical resistivity, contactless impedance, and torque magnetometry.
Magnetic fields higher than 100 T can only be obtained with destructing a magnet coil, where ultra-high magnetic fields are obtained in a microsecond time scale. Our destructive techniques have undergone intensive developments. The project, financed by the ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology, is now in progress, and goal is to generate 1000 T by the electromagnetic flux compression (EMFC) system (Fig. 2). The system which is unique to ISSP in the world scale is comprised of a power source of 5 MJ main condenser bank and 2 MJ condenser bank and has been accomplished its installation. Two magnet stations are constructed and both are energized from each power source. Both systems are fed with a 2 MJ condenser bank used for a seed-field coil, of which magnetic flux is to be compressed.
As an easy access to the megagauss science and technology, we have the single-turn coil (STC) system capable of generating the fields of up to 300 T by a fast-capacitor of 200 kJ. We have two STC systems, one is a horizontal type (H-type) and the other is a vertical type (V-type, Fig.3). Various kinds of laser spectroscopy experiments such as the cyclotron resonance and the Faraday rotation using the H-type STC are available. On the other hand, for very low-temperature experiments, a combination of the V-type STC with a liquid helium bath cryostat is very useful and the magnetization measurements at temperature as low as 2 K can be performed up to 120 T with high precision.
|Fig. 1. The building for the flywheel generator (left hand side) and a long pulse magnet station (right hand side). The flywheel giant DC generator is 350 ton in weight and 5 m high (bottom). The generator, capable of a 51 MW output power with the energy storage 210 MJ, is planned to energize the long pulse magnet generating 100 T without destruction.|


ANNEA partnered with our team to spearhead a groundbreaking project aimed at revolutionizing the wind energy sector through the implementation of an intelligent turbine health and performance optimization system.
ANNEA presented us with the intricate task of creating an integrated system that seamlessly collects data from wind turbine sensors and processes it in real-time. The objective was to facilitate data refinement, scaling, and frequency conversion, and ultimately enable advanced health assessment, performance prediction, and anomaly detection.
The ANNEA collaboration led to the development of a sophisticated wind turbine management solution that redefines industry standards. Leveraging innovative technologies, we engineered an end-to-end system allowing energy providers to effortlessly capture sensor data and undergo a meticulous process encompassing data refinement, scaling, and frequency conversion.
An integral component of our system is an advanced algorithm that computes an insightful health index for each turbine, offering unparalleled visibility into their operational well-being. This information equips providers with the knowledge needed for proactive maintenance planning and optimizing overall performance.
We also implemented state-of-the-art forecasting algorithms to predict turbine behavior over time, empowering stakeholders with precise insights for strategic decision-making. Our anomaly detection module, powered by cutting-edge models, swiftly identifies deviations in power output, ensuring immediate corrective measures are taken.
Our architectural framework employs Docker containers and Kubernetes orchestration for seamless deployment, while AWS services provide robust and reliable cloud infrastructure.
In conclusion, the collaboration between ANNEA and our team yielded a groundbreaking solution that empowers wind turbine energy providers. By offering advanced health insights, accurate performance predictions, and timely anomaly detection, our system equips the industry with the tools needed to enhance operational efficiency, optimize maintenance strategies, and ensure sustainable energy production.
August 20, 2023


If your CarePredict system is not functioning as expected or is intermittent, the first thing you want to do is verify that your WiFi or wireless network and your Internet Service are performing as expected. In this document, we have included instructions for both Windows and Apple macOS. Both sections have a text overview and a video that demonstrates how to conduct troubleshooting.
Step 1: Open Network & Internet Settings
Right-click the wireless adapter icon located at the bottom-right of the Desktop screen, then click Open Network & Internet settings.
If you are using a Windows 8 computer, the wireless adapter icon will look like this :
Step 2: Check Internet Status
The first screen that comes up is your Internet status. If your internet connection if operating fine, you will see a screen like this. You may want to try a couple websites to make sure it is working fine. If you are using a computer that is attached to a router with an Ethernet connection, you may need to test if the WiFi network is working using a computer that is not attached using Ethernet (uses only WiFi for the connection). Go onto Step 4.
If your internet connection or WiFi is not working, you will see a screen like this. You will need to determine if the cause of the issue is either the Internet service is not working or the WiFi network is not working. Go onto Step 3.
Step 3: Check the Internet Service Connection
Using a computer that is attached to a router with an Ethernet cord (is not dependent on WiFi), go to Step 1 above and check if the Internet service is working. When you check this, if your Internet status indicates "You are connected to the Internet" go to Step 4 to check the WiFi connection.
If you continue to receive a No Internet access screen, it is likely your Internet service is not working. You should contact your Internet service provider. You can still go to Step 4 to check your WiFi network as it may still be working even if your Internet service is not working.
Step 4: Check the WiFi (wireless) network connection
Using a computer that is communicating with the network ONLY using a WiFi (wireless) connection (is not connected using an Ethernet connection), go to the Open Network & Internet settings, click the WiFi (wireless) option on the left side menu and then select Show available networks.
On the right side of your screen you should see the available WiFi networks (screen below is example of writer's available WiFi networks). If the WiFi network is operating properly, you should see the specific SSID/WiFi name you are looking for in the available networks list and should be able to connect to it using the appropriate password for that SSID. If you do not see the specific SSID you are searching for, there may be an issue with your WiFi network. You should contact your WiFi network administrator or service provider.
If your WiFi network and Internet Service are both operating properly, you will see your specific SSID/WiFi name with words that indicate it is Connected:
If your WiFi network is operating properly and Internet Service is not operating properly, you will see your specific SSID/WiFi name with words that indicate No internet:
This video demonstrates how to conduct this troubleshooting on a Windows 10 Computer:
APPLE macOS COMPUTER
Step 1: Check if the WiFi network is turned on
Select the wireless icon at the top right hand side of the MacOS computer screen. If it is dark bold, your WiFi (wireless) network is working fine.
If it is light grey or white, your WiFi (wireless) network may require troubleshooting.
Right click this same icon. The first thing to check is if the WiFi is turned on. This will be at the top of the screen.
Step 2: Check the WiFi network status
With your WiFi network connection turned on, select the SSID (network name) of the network you want to use. It may require a password to get onto this SSID. If you cannot access your selected SSID, your WiFi network may not be working properly. You will need to troubleshoot your WiFi network or contact your WiFi provider.
Additional troubleshooting and diagnostic techniques can be reached by selecting Open Network Preferences or by going to the Apple icon in the upper left corner, select System Preferences and then select Network.
You will see a screen similar to this one to conduct additional set up and troubleshooting. A more detailed WiFi (wireless) and Internet Access troubleshooting guide is provided by Apple at: https://support.apple.com/en-us/ht202222 .
Step 3: Check Internet Status
If your WiFi network is working properly, next check Internet access. On a macOS computer, the easiest way to do this is select the Safari application and try to get into a few of your favorite websites. If the Internet is operating properly, these websites should work fine. If you can see the WiFi network and cannot get to various websites, your Internet service may not be working. You should contact your Internet Service provider to test the Internet service.
This video demonstrates how to conduct this troubleshooting on an Apple MacOS Computer:


Virtually everything that happens inside our bodies depends on the action of molecular machines: proteins and other molecules whose three-dimensional structure allow them to carry out specific functions. We use cutting-edge computational approaches, together with experimental data, to understand this structure, how it changes dynamically, and how we can exploit it for a range of applications, especially the design of safer, more effective medicines. We work in close collaboration with leading academic experimentalists and with a variety of companies.
We aim not only to develop new computational methods but also to have a real impact on biology and drug discovery. Some members of the lab thus delve deeply into the study of specific biological systems. For example, we are interested in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which represent the largest class of drug targets: about a third of all drugs act by binding to these receptors and causing or preventing changes to their structure. Thanks to recent experimental breakthroughs—some of which were recognized by a Nobel Prize to Brian Kobilka, our Stanford colleague and collaborator—the structures of many GPCRs have been solved in the last few years. We use computational methods to reveal the dynamics and mechanisms of these proteins and the drugs that target them.
Many of the projects currently underway in the lab involve one or more of the following approaches, but the techniques we employ are continually evolving, and we always welcome new ideas.
Molecular simulation: Molecular dynamics simulations predict the atomic-level motions of proteins using basic physical principles. They have become much more powerful in recent years, thanks to advances in computer power, algorithms, and chemical models. They can now be used to reveal the workings of processes such as drugs binding to their targets or the structural changes that underlie protein function.
Machine learning: We use modern machine learning techniques, as well as new statistical inference techniques that we develop, to infer structural models from experimental data, to analyze simulation results, and to synthesize data from different sources. For example, we predict how drugs bind to their targets or how proteins associate with one another to form larger complexes.
Analysis of image data from microscopy: Advances in cryo-electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are revolutionizing structural and cellular biology. These methods generate a huge amount of image data. We are developing methods that leverage this data to provide a dynamic picture of molecular and cellular machines.


Mapping cost distance using air traffic data
Recent trends in transport and communication infrastructures have had a profound impact on the spatial organization of the world city network, which have long been of interest to geographers. Considering the former issue, our study is based on previous works on air transport geography and world city network studies. We introduce a new method to map the gap between geographical distance and cost distance by using air traffic data. In this paper, we created an international database for a large number of world cities and developed a way to map cost distance using conventional and Geographic Information System-based mapping techniques. The main result of this work is a set of maps showing the cost distances of world cities, which can be used as a significant source of information by world city network analysis.
légi közlekedés , költség-távolság elemzés , térképészet
Journal of Maps 2015: Paper Article in press. 6 p. (2015)


Power Bank 10000mAh capacity power bank Fast charging with Built-In Micro USB (White)
- Product Code: PW40114K
Availability: In Stock
Price including VAT
- Ex Tax: £11.99
- The portable charger has a superior finish and is made up of high-quality components to ensure that it is durable and remains effective over a longer duration. Even though the power bank is slim,it has a sturdy build and can easily survive the everyday use.Moreover,it can be easily and speedily charged through the provided micro USB port.
- Long lasting high capacity power bank 2 ports, 1 Port build in 1 port output Fast charging Type-c Power Bank 10000mah Polymer battery , portable charger for digital products, with 4 LED indicators to show remaining capacity.
- Fast Charging: Support rapid charging (up to 1 Amp current) for iOS or Android smartphones or other mobile devices with a Micro-USB port or Lightning port
- Two Devices at a Time: Quickly and smartly charges a smartphone and a tablet at the same time via iSmart ports with the total 3.4A output, Small Body, Big Power: Small enough to be carried around
- Safety Protection: Advanced Li-Polymer battery technology with more than 500 charge cycles. Multiple protection system keep your devices safe from over current, over heat and short circuit


Technology is changing so fast and becoming so complex that many of us have not been able to follow the latest trends. A huge knowledge gap exists now between users and creators of technologies, which is not healthy for our society.
This book narrows this gap and explains, in simple language, what the next tech trends are and how they will affect your life and your business. Educate yourself about the following themes: Cloud computing, smartphones, the Internet of Things, the sharing economy, big data, virtual reality, augmented reality, 3D printing, bionic implants, biotech, nanotech, artificial intelligence, robotics, alternative energies, bitcoin and digital crime.
Prepare to have your mind blown!


As connected as the world is today, it is still nowhere near as connected as it will be when 5G networks roll out across the world in the near future. Some say 5G will have such a significant impact that it will be comparable to that of the internal combustion engine.
This super-fast, ultra-reliable network will transform the way people and machines connect. The 5G market is estimated to balloon to $277 billion by 2025.
How can investors take advantage of this emerging technology? eToro has created an investment portfolio comprised of 5G companies, called the 5GRevolution CopyPortfolio. The portfolio will be open for investment on September 9th.
Many advancements will rely on 5G: self-driving cars, smart cities, VR and AR, in addition many other areas will be greatly impacted by this new wireless data superhighway.
5G is one of the technologies that enables the growth of other innovations and will serve as a cornerstone of future technologies. It will truly be revolutionary.
The 5GRevolution CopyPortfolio will include various companies spanning different sectors and geographic locations, involved in the 5G market, such as 5G infrastructure companies (Ericksson, Nokia), 5G telecom operators (Verizon, Deutsche Telekom, Swisscom), 5G hardware manufacturers (Cisco, Arista Networks Inc, Motorola Solutions, Juniper Networks Inc.), semiconductor makers (Broadcom Inc., Intel Corp.), 5G real estate companies (American Tower Corp, Equinix Inc.) and many others.
The telecom industry is at a nascent stage in 5G technology development. This disruptive technology holds a promising economic value that can lead to a ‘hyper-connected’ society, where mobile will play a significant role in people’s lives. Since 2012, many government initiatives, along with investments from telecom companies, have shaped the development of 5G. Factors such as rising demand in mobile broadband, the growing use of smartphones, and smart wearable devices, clubbed with surging demand of mobile video adoption, are expected to drive the 5G market during the forecast period.
Currently, every government is enthusiastic about getting ahead of the curve in the 5G space. The governments of Japan, South Korea, the U.S., and China have also been particularly active in pushing the rollout of 5G technology by the end of 2019. The global 5G market is expected to reach $277 billion by 2025 at a CAGR of 111% during 2019-2025. Based on the types of connection, the market can be categorized as SIM cellular connections and M2M SIM cellular connections.
SIM cellular connections segment insights
By 2025, the number of 4G SIM cellular connections will dominate by accounting for 57% of the total connections, but 5G SIM cellular connection will have the highest growth rate of 146% during the forecast period. Government policies and projects, such as China’s National 863 Program, China’s 13th Five-Year Plan, Projeto 5G Brasil, Advanced Wireless Research Initiative, and ENCQOR have supported the R&D requirements and are striving for 5G commercialization by 2019. By 2025, North America is expected to dominate the market by generating 45% of the total 5G SIM cellular revenue followed by Europe and Asia-Pacific.
SIM M2M cellular connections segment insights
The 5G network will support promising technological innovations, including the Internet of Things (IoT), outdoor autonomous robots for the agriculture industry, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), smart utility grids, drones, and many more connected devices. The penetration M2M devices for industrial use will rise, and it is estimated that there will be around half a billion M2M connections in industries like retail, manufacturing, and energy by 2025. This will largely be driven by automation and artificial intelligence (AI). Thus, global 5G SIM M2M cellular connections are expected to expand at a CAGR of 231%. By 2025, Europe is expected to dominate the market by generating 35% of the total 5G SIM M2M cellular revenue followed by Asia-Pacific and North America.
Regional segment Insights
On the basis of regions, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. North America will hold the largest market share of 44% by 2025. Majority of the data consumption will happen through video usage. During 2017-2022, video traffic will grow from 82 EB/year to 731 EB/year at a CAGR of 55%. Media-based companies will develop strategies and business plans in order to generate revenue from this trend. Asia-Pacific will account for the highest number of 5G cellular subscribers by 2025. Though revenue growth in recent times has slowed, this region is expected to show positive commitment in terms of the rapid adoption of IoT in the near future.
- China Mobile
- Verizon Communications
- Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
- Sprint Corporation
- Deutsche Telekom
- América Móvil
- China Telecommunications Corporation
This is a marketing communication and should not be taken as investment advice, personal recommendation, or an offer of, or solicitation to buy or sell, any financial instruments. This material has been prepared without taking into account any particular recipient’s investment objectives or financial situation, and has not been prepared in accordance with the legal and regulatory requirements to promote independent research.
eToro makes no representation and assumes no liability as to the accuracy or completeness of the content of this publication, which has been prepared utilizing publicly-available information.
CopyPortfolios™ should not be considered as exchange traded funds, nor as hedge funds. Your capital is at risk.


Wealus Technology Solutions Java is hypothetically everywhere, thanks to its readability and simplicity. From mobile applications to websites, game consoles to data centres, from mobile phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere. Millions of devices throughout the world use Java as a core programming language. Even all native Android apps come built-in with Java and several companies use Java as server-side scripting language for backend development. Many applications and websites require you to install Java because it’s fast and secure. What started out simply as an Internet language has become one of the most versatile cross-platform programming languages ever developed. The best part it runs on literally any device without the need for recompilation, hence the slogan “Write once, run anywhere”.
It’s a general term used by Sun Microsystems to describe the standard version of Java (JSE). It’s the most basic version of Java which sets the foundation for all other editions of Java plus a set of related technologies such as CORBA, Java VM, etc. Core Java refers to a collection of libraries rather than just the programming language. It’s the purest form of Java primarily used for development of general desktop applications. Simply speaking, it refers to the subset of Java SE technologies which consists of both general purpose API’s and special purpose API’s. It provides the core functionality of Java with the deep knowledge of the Java language itself.
Advanced Java is the next advanced level concept of Java programming. This high level java programming basically uses two Tier Architecture i.e Client and Server. The ‘Advanced Java’ comprises the very complex advanced programming. The advanced java programming covers the Swings, Socket Programming, AWT, Thread Concepts as well as the Collection objects and classes. “Advanced Java” is nothing but specialization in domains such as web, networking, data base handling.most of the packages “Advanced Java” are always start with ‘javax.servlet..’ All the event handling mechanism of Java comes into the Advanced Java programming. Advanced Java is used for developing the web based application and enterprise application. Advanced Java is specialization in some domain , as someone in networking,web,DCOM,or data base handling. Advanced Java has complete solution for dynamic processes which has many frameworks design patterns servers mainly JSP. Advanced Java means java application that run on servers means these are the web application.


From 25 to 5000 mm (steel long).
2 fixed values(3230m/s,5920m/s) and adjustable in the range 1000 to
9999m/s in steps of 1m/s.
0 to 365 µs
100dB, adjustable in steps of 0.1/2/6/12/20 dB
0.5-4 MHz narrow band, 5-15 MHz wide band
Pulse repetition frequency:
10-1000Hz, depending on the set calibration range and the probe
delay for adjustable
Pulse echo mode and Thru mode
Full wave, RF
Linear, 0 to 90% screen height adjustable in steps of 1%, status
indication on the display
Recording of up to 8 reference echoes, 40dB dynamic range, display of
the DAC curve
3 or 4 DAC curve can be setting
1000 A-scan Trace Data sets in the FLASH memory, with additional
alphanumeric identification and directory function.
|Units of measure:
mm or inch
Direct documentation: Hardcopy (contents of display), active measurement reading, test
report or thickness report, via the RS-232 interface to computer.
RS-232 C (bidirectional) or USB adaptor for PC computer.
Proportional voltage for amplitude and sound path of the echo in the
gate; TTL signal for gate alarm
Two LEMO 00 connectors
Removable 8800mAh/7.2V Li-ion Battery or mains supply via an
external mains power/charger unit JBD15-A2S
Up to 7.5 hours with Battery ( select LCD low bright )
Battery charge indication:
On the display
Permitted operating temperature:
-5o C TO +55o C
-40o C TO +75o C (without batteries)


History and predecessors
The industry's first hard disk monitoring technology was introduced by IBM in 1992 in their IBM 9337 Disk Arrays for AS/400 servers using IBM 0662 SCSI-2 disk drives.
Later it was named Predictive Failure Analysis (PFA) technology. It was measuring several key device health parameters and evaluating them within the drive firmware.
Communications between the physical unit and the monitoring software were limited to a binary result - device is OK, or is likely to fail soon.
Later another variant was created by computer manufacturer Compaq and disk drive manufacturers Seagate, Quantum, and Conner, which was named IntelliSafe.
The disk drives were measuring the disk health parameters and the values were transferred to the operating system and user-space monitoring software. Each disk drive vendor was free to decide which parameters are to be included for monitoring and what are their thresholds. The unification was at the protocol level with the host.
Compaq submitted their implementation to Small Form Committee for standardization in early 1995. It was supported by IBM, by Compaq's development partners Seagate, Quantum, and Conner, and by Western Digital who did not have a failure prediction system at the time. The Committee chose IntelliSafe's approach as it gives more flexibility. The resulting jointly-developed standard was named S.M.A.R.T.


Georgia Institute of Technology
MatEd is an NSF funded center housed at Edmonds Community College. MatEd is developing a clearinghouse of teaching materials including labs, hands-on demonstrations, modules and papers, which can easily be integrated into a variety of courses, class-room settings, and industry.
The Centre for Materials Education exists to support and promote high quality education in Materials and related disciplines, by encouraging and coordinating the development and adoption of effective practices in learning, teaching and assessment. The UK Centre for Materials Education is based at the University of Liverpool.
Teaching & Learning Packages, Lecture Demonstration Packages, Micrographs, Videos
MITOPENCOURSEWARE Courses and Education Material:
- Fundamentals of Materials Science
- Atomistic Computer Modeling of Materials
- Mechanical Behavior of Plastics
- Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Materials
- Mechanics of Materials
- Polymer Physics
- Polymer Engineering
A library of videos from MIT Materials Science department.
The MAST modules represent the cumulative efforts of approximately 100 high school teachers, 15 university professors and several graduate and undergraduate students over a three year development period funded by the National Science Foundation.
A educational website on polymer basics aiming at a K-12 audience.
The CORE-Materials repository contains 1662 open educational resources (OERs) in Materials Science and Engineering, freely available under a range of Creative Commons licenses. It contains datasets, images, interactive materials and equations useful for the education of material sciences in engineering
computer based learning software for materials science, engineering and related disciplines


|Instrument Memory||200 test results including sample ID|
|Interface||User: Touch screen, alphanumeric input, password protection.
Computer: USB & RS 232 interface for connection to PC, PS/2 interface for connection of keyboard or barcode scanner.
|Dimensions/Weight||Depth: 20 cm (7.9 inches)
Width: 16 cm (6.3 inches)
Height: 7.5 cm (3.0 inches)
Weight: 710 g (1.90 lb) (w/o batteries and power supply)
|Power requirements||110-240 V AC, automatic
Battery powered operation (optional) with 6 AA batteries
|Operating conditions||Temperature range: 10°C – 40°C (50°F – 104°F)
Humidity range: 80 % maximum (non condensing)
Calibration: automatic, self-calibrating
|Capacity||50 strips per hour|


Part #: 2050470001
The XL series soundbars were developed for the growing power sports market including UTV and marine applications where electronics must withstand harsh enviroments and are perfect for the off-road world. The XL series soundbar circuit board has been conformal coated with a layer of transparent material that protects the parts against moisture, dust and temperature extremes. Installation is a 3 wire power and ground with a switched 12v input allowing the soundbar to be turned on and off by ignition or a rocker switch and the XL series soundbar comes equipped with built in Bluetooth as well as a RCA input and output to link multiple bars or add on more amplifiers for subwoofers and pods.
Includes a universal L-bracket mounting system for installation, but the optional roll bar clamps makes this soundbar even more versatile.
- 12 Speaker 500 watt Amplified Bluetooth Powersports Soundbar
- IPX6 Rated
- 6 x 3.5" Square Poly Cone Woofers
- 2 x 3" Full Range Marine Grade Poly Cone Speakers
- 4 x 1" Premium Marine Grade Mylar Dome Tweeters
- Heavy Duty Extruded Aluminum Water Tight Housing
- LED backlit Control Panel
- LED Visual Notifications
- Audible Power On/Off Notifications
- Built In DSP Processor
- Bluetooth and Wired Inputs
- 2 Volt Line Output
- Auto Turn On/Off Circuit
- Waterproof Wire Loom Connectors
- Universal L-Bracket Mounting System Included
- Universal Top or Bottom Mount Clamp Style Brackets (Sold Separately)
- Optional Wireless Remote Control (Sold Separately)
- Inputs: Bluetooth/3.5 mm Wired
- Power Supply: Unregulated PWM
- Height: 4.9"
- Width: 33.75"
- Depth: 4.4"
- 2-ohm Power: 250 watts x 2
- Peak Power: 1000 watts
- Dimensions (in Inches): 4.9" x 33.75" x 4.4"
- Input Sensitivity: 0.25 V - 3.0 V
- S/N Ratio: >85 dB
- Output Power (14.4 V) @ 2 ohm: 250 watts x 2
- Channels (mono): 2
- Frequency Response: 50 Hz - 22 kHz


If you need road tube based traffic studies that are cost effective, simple to perform and provide highly accurate results, the Oriux’s Pulsar is your solution.Request information
The Pulsar stores traffic data as time-stamped "events" in a state-of-the-art, rugged, small and lightweight electronic module. Pulsar Reporter software uses the data collected by the Pulsar to produce a variety of traffic studies including volume, axle based classification and speed.
Pulsar is the latest, portable traffic data recorder from Oriux, the industry leader for decades. The Oriux pedigree ensures that Pulsar will provide years of reliable, highly accurate performance. Pulsar reliability is achieved by combining a rugged, lightweight, single piece, aluminum housing with encapsulated electronics and lithium battery.
The advanced electronics, combined with an extremely refined data processing algorithm, enable study accuracy comparable to the Oriux ADR1000, the "workhorse" of the traffic industry.
Whether you need a small, lightweight option for producing accurate vehicle classification and speed studies, or you are looking for an alternative to the limited capabilities of simple tally accumulators, Pulsar is your solution.
Oriux warrants this product against manufacturing defects in materials and workmanship for three years from date of shipment from Oriux. Specific contracts and regional laws may vary or alter these terms.
The ADR Sabre is the most advanced, flexible and comprehensive portable automatic vehicle count and classification system in the world.See more
The ADR6000 is the only counter/classifier on the market specifically designed to accurately count/classify vehicles stopped on/over presence detectors for long periods of time (minutes).See more
The Oriux ADR-2000 Plus provides optimal functionality as a portable or semi-permanent unit.See more
The ADR-3000 Plus can be configured to count up to 64 lanes, or classify up to 32 lanes of traffic, including up to 24 WIM sensor inputs.See more
For more information about our products and services, please contact us.Contact Us


This Timefactors PRS-10 came in with a stopped movement and a cracked crystal recently. These watches are based on the military-issue Precista G10 from the early 1980s and even carry the same name on the dial due to the fact Eddie Platts (the Timefactors proprietor) actually owns the trademark. I presume the movement had stopped due to water ingress as the insides were very mucky and there was a whacking great stretch of crystal missing around the circumference!
The reason I thought this worthy of featuring (besides the fact I’m a fan of the brand) is that the movement, a Ronda 715Li, isn’t readily available these days. However the Ronda 715 is and it’s a relatively straightforward job to swap the Li parts over from the old to the new movement. As can be seen the caseback features the model details, water resistance and the serial number.
With the back removed the large lithium battery can be seen, this is the ‘Li’ part of the movement and the battery lasts a lot longer (10 years I believe) than the 371 battery of the 715 movement. It looks like someone’s tried to force the battery down a bit further with a piece of packing to see if that would get it going. It didn’t!
Compare the battery with the standard movements one!
Once I’d taken the movement out the debris covering the dial could be seen, very dirty. It’s amazing the damage a cracked crystal can cause.
The dial and handset were removed ready for cleaning and the transplant. Apart from the rhodium plated movement of the original there’s no difference on the dial side.
On the other side, with the lithium battery removed, the differences can be seen.
The battery holder is the first thing to be removed from the dead movement, underneath they look a lot more similar now.
The circuits have to be stripped to allow removal of the batteries negative contacts as these also need swapping over.
Once the contacts are swapped the movements can be rebuilt.
And that’s it, we now have a dead Ronda 715 and a new fully functioning 715Li 🙂
The dial and hands were cleaned and refitted, getting that seconds hand to hit the markers takes me a few attempts usually!
The old crystal was pressed out and the case components were cleaned ready for the new one.
The new crystal and tension ring were fitted along with a new battery….
The seals were greased and the case closed up.
It certainly looks a lot healthier now, a shame these are now discontinued as they are a cracking grab and go quartz.


Industry 4.0 Quality assurance for modern industry
When Henry Ford first outfitted his factory with conveyor-belts over 100 years ago in the USA, he could not possibly have imagined that, only a few generations later, there would be individually-configured cars rolling off assembly lines – entirely automated.This progress is in part based on ever-improving measurement technology, as the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) demands measuring instruments that can do more than just measure.
Whether in the automotive, electronics or electroplating industry, robots are increasingly being utilized in areas where repetitive sequences must be carried out with precision and speed.Not only does this raise the quality, it also reduces costs, since the processes can be continually optimized under constant conditions. The same applies to quality control: as cycle rates go up and manufacturing plants become more networked, measurement technology must keep pace with better performance and integration capabilities.
Industry 4.0 also means increasing interlinkage between production processes and information technology: in the ‘smart factory’, the Internet of Things connects machines, measurement systems, components and products. At every step in the value chain, robots are communicating with measuring devices, and products. The German federal government is supporting such developments through its high-tech strategy. In 2014, it declared the digitization of the economy a high-priority task for the future.
Batch size: 1
One of the defining characteristics of Industry 4.0 is decentralization. Through the Internet of Things, each unit has access to all the data on a given workpiece. That enables decentralized decision making, and the production process becomes modularized.
In an ideal world, this would allow a customer to tailor his product. For example, a mobile phone could be painted in the customer’s desired color and engraved individually – just as a normal step in the production line. Yet, despite the greater product and process diversity, any single piece would still cost no more than mass-produced ones.
Quality assurance in real time
Individualized manufacturing would enable a completely transparent production: when comprehensive data is available at each step, the finished product can be traced all the way back to the raw materials, if necessary.
For this vision to become reality, it requires a powerful and fully integrated testing system with interfaces to all control units. Quality assurance must be carried out in real time without holding up the process; sensors and measuring systems become the eyes and ears of the smart factory.
Fischer has been developing and producing highly advanced measurement instruments for over 60 years. Now, we are using our experience in measurement technology in the area of automation. With more than 300 installed inline systems worldwide, we offer sophisticated, automated measurement technology – from the standard unit to customized solutions.
Tactile coating thickness measurement
Especially in the automotive industry, quality management is already highly automated. With the FISCHERSCOPE MMS PC2, Fischer offers a very flexible system that employs diverse measuring methods for use at various stages of production.
For testing bulky parts, the measuring process can be automated with the help of a multi-axis robot arm. For example, the thickness of galvanic coatings on car bodies can be determined quickly and precisely using the phase-sensitive method. Using a probe, the robot quickly scans a sequence of points, locating the correct position via image recognition.
In contrast to manual testing, the robot will always place the probe perfectly vertically, even on curved parts like fenders. These constant measuring conditions make it possible to uncover very fine differences in the coating quality and thus improve the painting process.
Automation in the electronics industry
Not all industrial robots are big and orange! In the electronics industry, automated sleds and handling systems are often used to protect fragile parts such as wafers from undue environmental influences. Silicon wafers are manufactured under cleanroom conditions. The X-RAY XDV-µ SEMI is a fully automatic test station in which these sensitive wafers can be measured precisely – and safely
Even though making wafers is vastly different from making cars: the quality assurance systems still must fit seamlessly into the production process. This is why we also equip our X-ray fluorescence devices with data interfaces for connecting to the PLC.
Fischer’s X-RAY XDV-µ SEMI is designed specifically to operate under cleanroom conditions in wafer production. A robot automatically transfers the wafers from the cassette into the encapsulated interior of the measurement instrument with the utmost care and precision. Equipped with a high-performance detector and microcapillary tubes, the X-ray fluorescence device can perform very fine analyses like determining the material composition of solder caps or the thickness of the gold coating on plug contacts.
Efficient use of gold in electroplating
Many of the plugs used in modern electronics have an electroplated finishing. In general, the high-value connectors are coated with gold, making them particularly corrosion-resistant.
To prevent the waste of expensive materials such as gold, one must closely monitor the thickness of the coating during the strip electroplating process. Fischer has more than 30 years of experience in this area of automation and, in the FISCHERSCOPE X-RAY 4000, it has created a system that is perfectly suited to this industry. For instance, we are the only manufacturer to offer a variety of statistical evaluation features that can significantly reduce the amount of gold consumed while ensuring the same quality of coating. That is unique in the market.
From the first discussion through to the phasing-out
In addition to these examples, Fischer serves many other industries with its automated measurement solutions. We place a great emphasis on service over the entire course of an inline measuring system’s life cycle. From the very first sales call through to the phasing-out of an instrument, Fischer service is tailored exactly to the needs of the customer. This makes it possible for modern factories to produce individual products around the clock while continuously monitoring quality.
- Two new trade fairs on the Fischer calendar
- Going from Cr(VI) to Cr(III)
- XAN500 – Flexible RFA measurement technology
- Correctly measuring fire protection coatings
- Industry 4.0 Quality assurance for modern industry
- Terahertz: A revolution in thickness measurement
- Swiss: Where clocks keep up with the times
- Between Ginkgo, Gauss and Goethe
- Calibrating correctly


The term used to refer to someone skilled in the use of computer systems, especially if that skill was obtained in an exploratory way. The term evolved to be applied to individuals, with or without skill, who break into security systems.
A dialogue between two entities, such as a user and an ssl secure server, a computer and another computer, or a program and another program, utilized for identification and authentication of the entities to one another in order to provide secure SSL authentication for online security or online payment transactions. 128 bit Digital certificates, also provide identification and secure authentication.
An algorithm which calculates a value based on a data object, mapping the data object to a smaller data object, which is the hash result. The value is more often than not a fixed-size value. A very simplistic hash function is a checksum. The kind of hash function necessary for SSL security applications is called a cryptographic hash function.
The output of a hash function, which is also known as a hash value. The output given by a hash function after processing a file or message.
The method of securing an individual system from attack, often by encryption with 128 Bit SSL (secure sockets layer).
HTTPS or https
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure -- A type of server software which provides the ability for "secure" transactions to take place on the World Wide Web. If a Website is running off a HTTPS server you can type in HTTPS instead of HTTP in the URL section of your browser to enter into the "secured mode", "providing" you have logged in your password, username or ID to access the secured area. There are a number of web server software products that support this protocol as well as contacting your ISP.
An application of cryptography which merges two or more encryption algorithms, especially a combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption. Asymmetric encryption is not usually used for data secrecy except in dispersing symmetric keys in applications where the key data is more often than not short compared to the data it is protecting. Other kinds of encryption are ssl encryption, ssh secure shell, and ssh2 secure shell, or sftp for secure server file transfer with 128-bit encryption.