At Belltown Hill Orchards in Glastonbury, Connecticut, a new vehicle is hitting the farm: unmanned aerial vehicles, or better known as drones. Drones are a new frontier for farmers who want to keep track of their crops and gather data on plant health. Using drones in this way will save farmers time; with drone technology, the entirety of Belltown Hill Orchards (about 150 acres) can be monitored and viewed in a couple of hours.
Nancy Marek, a Ph.D. student at the University of Connecticut, utilizes drones at Belltown Hill Orchards to collect aerial imagery of blueberry bushes. To test the accuracy of these images, she has also been taking physical samples of the leaves to measure the plants’ health. She also conducted similar operations over the Honeycrisp apple orchards. What makes these drone images even better than the human eye (in addition to the fact that the drone can more efficiently inspect the fields), is that it is equipped with special sensors that can look into parts of the spectrum that our eyes simply cannot. Using those infrared and other bands, the imagery captured by the drone can tell farmers the biophysical characteristics of the crop. However, again, to make sense of the drone imagery, researchers are also gathering samples from the crop to determine the plants’ overall health. These researchers gather about 100 leaves and determine what nutrients are in them; that data can be tied to the imagery to create a system for reading the imagery without the collection of the physical plant leaves (eventually).
If this research can lead to a model for farmers to identify issues with crops from the sky, it could reduce the cost of testing, crop loss, decreased yield and crop disease. The goal is for farmers to use drones to cut down human time and money.


Duolingo, the popular language-learning platform, has been taking a significant leap in technology by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and GPT-4. With this move, Duolingo has become one of the leading e-learning platforms in terms of bringing the latest technology to its users. In this blog post, we’ll explore the incredible ways Duolingo has been utilizing AI and GPT-4 to make language learning more personalized, efficient, and accessible than ever before.
With the advent of technology, language learning has become much easier and more accessible. One of the most popular language learning apps today is Duolingo. The app has revolutionized language learning by integrating AI technology into its platform. By using advanced AI algorithms, Duolingo provides its users with personalized language learning experiences that cater to their unique strengths and weaknesses. One of the most exciting developments in Duolingo’s AI technology is the integration of GPT-4 – the latest AI technology in language processing. In this article, we’ll discuss the amazing ways Duolingo is using AI and integrating GPT-4 to improve language learning.
The Benefits of AI in Language Learning
Duolingo’s incorporation of AI technology has hugely benefited its users. The AI models in the app analyze a user’s learning history and provide them with custom language learning modules tailored to their specific needs. The app also uses AI to identify a user’s strengths and weaknesses and provides exercises that are designed to improve their language skills. This personalized learning experience is much more effective than traditional classroom teaching methods, as it allows each user to learn at their own pace.
Klinton Bicknell on Duolingo’s AI Usage
Klinton Bicknell, the head of AI at Duolingo, explains that their AI technology is designed to help users learn a new language intuitively. Rather than providing long lists of vocabulary and grammar rules, Duolingo’s AI system presents language learning in a fun and interactive way. Users learn by playing games that help them acquire new vocabulary and grammar rules in a more dynamic and enjoyable way.
GPT-4 Integration in Duolingo
One of the most recent developments in Duolingo’s AI technology has been the integration of GPT-4. This breakthrough technology allows for more advanced natural language processing, making the app even more efficient in teaching users a new language. With GPT-4 integration, Duolingo will now be able to provide users with more accurate and nuanced translations, giving better personalized learning experiences to its users.
The Advantages of AI-Powered Predictive Models
Duolingo uses AI-powered predictive models that can accurately predict a user’s language proficiency level. The algorithms used by the app analyze a user’s learning progress and predict their proficiency level. This allows users to learn a new language with a greater degree of accuracy and proficiency, thereby enhancing their overall language skills.
The Future of AI in Education
The integration of AI technology in Duolingo highlights the enormous potential for AI to revolutionize the educational landscape. Educationists have recognized the transformative capabilities of AI, and we are likely to witness a massive transformation in how we currently learn in classrooms. As more educational institutions adopt AI technologies to personalize learning experiences, we could see a significant shift in the traditional classroom teaching model.
As outlined in this article, Duolingo’s AI technology has brought significant advancements in personalized language learning. By integrating GPT-4 technology in its platform, Duolingo has enhanced both the efficiency and accuracy of its language teaching. This is particularly important given the growing need for multilingual people in the global marketplace. The use of AI has enabled Dublingo to innovate continuously, making the app more user-friendly and accessible. While many educational institutions are still hesitant to adopt AI technologies, the success of Duolingo’s AI integration showcases the potential for AI to restructure the educational landscape, providing more individualized and purpose-driven learning experiences.
Is Duolingo the only language learning app using AI technology?
No, there are many language learning apps, such as Babbel, Memrise, and Busuu, that use AI technology to provide personalized language learning experiences.
Can AI technology replace language teachers in classrooms?
No, AI technology is designed to augment, not replace, human teaching. While AI can improve personalized learning experiences, its abilities are limited in terms of creative problem-solving and interpersonal communication skills.
How effective is Duolingo in teaching a new language?
Studies have shown that users who use Duolingo for five months can learn the equivalent of one university semester of a language.
Is Duolingo’s AI technology capable of understanding natural language?
Yes, with the integration of GPT-4, Duolingo can now process natural language better, making translations and understanding of language nuances more efficient.
How can educational institutions integrate AI technology into their models?
Institutions can develop their AI-powered predictive models, analyze data on the performance of their students over time, and create personalized learning experiences for every student.


As Synthetic Intelligence (AI) continues to revolutionise industries, 2023 will likely be no exception as we see it’s day by day affect improve. As companies attempt to achieve a aggressive edge, staying up to date with the most recent AI traits is essential.
On this article, we’ll delve into probably the most important AI traits which might be shaping the enterprise panorama in 2023, serving to organisations to make knowledgeable choices and drive innovation.
Moral AI and Accountable AI Practices –
In 2023 the give attention to moral AI and accountable AI practices has gained appreciable traction. Companies have gotten more and more conscious of the necessity to incorporate moral concerns into their AI programs. As AI applied sciences turn out to be extra refined, organisations are actively addressing considerations surrounding bias, transparency, and information privateness. In implementing moral AI frameworks, companies can construct belief with clients, improve model repute, and mitigate potential dangers related to AI deployment.
AI-powered Buyer Expertise –
Offering distinctive buyer experiences stays a high precedence for all companies. AI is taking part in a pivotal position in growing the shopper involvement and personalising the expertise to the person or enterprise.
Chatbots, digital assistants and AI Video Makers have gotten extra superior and context conscious, offering on the spot and personalised responses to every buyer. AI-powered suggestion programs are additionally changing into more and more refined. Aiding companies in tailoring merchandise provided and ideas made based mostly on the person buyer preferences.
Utilising AI to help with buyer expertise allows companies to achieve a deeper understanding of the shopper and helps construct relationships, drive loyalty, and achieve useful insights for higher resolution making.
Pure Language Processing (NLP) and Pure Language Era (NLG) –
Developments in Pure Language Processing (NLP) and Pure Language Era (NLG) are reworking the way in which companies work together with information. NLP allows machines to grasp and course of human language, facilitating duties similar to sentiment evaluation, language translation, and textual content overview.
Then again, NLG generates human-like language, making it potential for AI programs to create coherent and significant narratives. Companies are harnessing the facility of NLP and NLG to automate varied processes, extract useful insights from unstructured information, and develop compelling content material for advertising and communication functions.
Edge AI and IoT Integration –
Because the Web of Issues (IoT) continues to develop, the combination of AI on the community edge is gaining momentum in 2023. Edge AI permits information processing and AI computations to be carried out nearer to the supply, lowering latency and enhancing effectivity.
In combining AI capabilities with IoT gadgets, companies can extract real-time insights and make instantaneous choices, resulting in improved operational effectivity and value financial savings.
Edge AI additionally allows superior analytics, predictive upkeep, and autonomous decision-making, unlocking new alternatives throughout industries similar to manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation.
AI for Cybersecurity –
The rise in cyber threats has meant that companies are utilizing AI to strengthen their cybersecurity. AI powered cybersecurity programs can detect and reply to stylish assaults in actual time, minimising the chance of knowledge breaches and unauthorised entry to databases. Machine studying algorithms analyse huge quantities of knowledge, figuring out patterns and anomalies that people may miss. AI can be in a position to automate risk detection, response, and remediation processes, enabling organisations to remain one step forward of evolving cyber threats. In 2023, companies are investing closely in AI pushed cybersecurity options to safeguard their useful belongings and shield buyer information.
As we navigate the quickly evolving panorama on this planet with AI companies should embrace these rising traits to achieve a aggressive benefit. Adopting moral AI practices, leveraging AI for enhanced buyer experiences, harnessing the facility of NLP and NLG, integrating AI with IoT on the community edge, and fortifying cybersecurity defenses with AI, organisations can unlock new prospects, drive innovation, and pave the way in which for the long run while embracing AI.


The use of artificial intelligence (A.I.) in digital marketing is a tool that is getting popular among companies. AI-powered digital marketing is not only in trend, but it has also become a necessary part. It helps businesses to better target their audiences and adopt a more customized business strategy for their digital marketing campaign. In order to stay competitive and give their consumers a remarkable user experience, it has become crucial for businesses. Companies are certain to gain a competitive edge by integrating A.I. into their digital marketing strategies. Digital marketing needs artificial intelligence now more than ever. We’ll go through a few of the ways that artificial intelligence (AI) tools and technologies may transform enormous amounts of inaccessible data into useful insights that inform immediate choices.
It’s never been more interesting to see what’s coming as we make use of the applications of artificial intelligence in digital marketing since A.I. technology is continuing to grow at such a rapid rate and pushing limits across all elements of digital marketing. Here are some of the top AI tools that are mostly used in digital marketing-
- Google Analytics
- Grammarly, and many more.
How is AI changing the marketing field?
AI made a huge impact on humans. Apart from reducing our work effort, It has an enormous processing capacity which mimics human abilities like reading and thought. The advantages of artificial intelligence are already evident in robots, speech recognition technology, and image analysis skills. Who knows what incredible things this strong technology may be able to accomplish next as it develops! AI-powered digital marketing is not only in trend, but it has also become a necessary part.
A.I. can deliver quality benefits including better customer classification, better user experience, specific data collecting and analysis, cost savings, and more effective workflow automation. Digital marketing’s use of artificial intelligence (AI) is continually improving, and many of these developments may significantly enhance any company’s entire business strategy.
The role of artificial intelligence in digital marketing (AI-powered digital marketing)
AI can personalize the marketing strategy. The way businesses interact with their clients is being revolutionized by AI. now Businesses can develop hyper-personalized marketing campaigns that are better adapted for each consumer by utilizing algorithms to analyze people’s psychology and requirements from social media. This will guarantee that investments are only invested in those who actually need the items!
Using A.I. and machine learning can provide your company with a significant data insight edge. You can properly estimate your customers’ purchase decisions by examining consumers’ behavior. Moreover, by using machine learning algorithms to build a predictive model, you’ll be able to forecast when clients are most likely to leave, providing you with important time to take preventative measures before it’s too late.
The whole digital marketing sector is dependent on AI. Difficult tasks are no longer relevant, just because of AI. According to Google, artificial intelligence has the potential to automate up to 51% of repetitive decision-making procedures, freeing up time and resources for teams everywhere. With AI, you can increase your website traffic in a short period of time.
One of the latest advancements that is growing rapidly across sectors is machine-to-machine interaction (AI). Even the field of marketing will undoubtedly be affected by the shift. Artificial intelligence is already being used for fundamental digital marketing jobs like campaign planning and conception, which are based on insights gleaned from the vast amounts of data amassed from prior efforts. The constantly-improving AI algorithms are assisting in creating data-driven forecasts that are considerably more exact than ever as machine learning replaces traditional analysis.
Stay updated with trends
using only conventional techniques makes it tougher and more difficult to anticipate what the latest marketing trends will be. Because expectations shift so quickly, it is best to jump on board as soon as possible. Perhaps it’s already too late.
As now we can avail AI, it is the ideal tool to leverage the information obtained from these interactions if it is intended to assist marketers in engaging with their audience.
Communicate with clients
Software like chatbots can now analyze human interactions, anticipate what they would expect, and adjust their behavior in response. As they are simple to use and comprehend, chatbots are the greatest illustrations of how artificial intelligence is being employed in communications. Although it is now utilised for straightforward requests and more direct dialogues, marketing will soon be using AI-powered communication on a regular basis.
One of the most effective methods to have been developed for information collection and exchange is the biometric authentication approach that makes use of AI technology. A large number of information can now be transmitted much more securely, which previously appeared unattainable, increasing the efficiency of the sharing process along the way. Modern data collection and dissemination techniques have also improved how simple it is to analyze vast amounts of information, which has helped people make better decisions more quickly and with greater understanding.
It is never been more interesting to see what is coming as we make use of the applications of artificial intelligence in digital marketing since A.I. technology is continuing to grow at such a rapid rate and pushing limits across all elements of digital marketing.
Use of AI in Digital marketing in the future
The next major technical advance will be the use of artificial intelligence in digital marketing. Businesses may use artificial intelligence (AI) to improve their digital marketing initiatives for increased efficiency and effectiveness as technology develops. AI-powered digital marketing is not only in trend, but it has also become a necessary part. AI-driven marketing is quickly becoming a crucial tool for achieving success in the ever-changing digital environment, from content curation and personalization to targeted advertisements and automated customer care. It’s thrilling to think about the potential benefits that artificial intelligence (AI) may offer to businesses in the form of more individualized consumer experiences and higher returns on investment. The success of digital marketing depends on being able to identify the actionable insights that underpin real-time choices, and artificial intelligence, with its capacity to automate this process, has a key role to play in this regard.


A major outgrowth of the Digital Age has been the mass production of data. It’s become such a recognized sensation that people started saying that “data is the new oil”. There are really two categories of data: public data and private data. The Internet is the largest oil well of public data and is unique because it’s an ever-increasing resource. Private data is mostly concentrated on private servers, especially in Clouds, and contains sensitive information that people either don’t want to freely share or don’t want seen. It shouldn’t really be surprising anymore that many of the largest companies in the world own the most data, like Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Baidu. Most of the data gathered today is done through the use of applications, such as Google gathering data based off search results, or Facebook gathering data based off your social profile, or even Amazon gathering data based off people’s spending habits. Essentially, companies host applications that consumers willing use and then collect data metrics based off their activity. There are also open-source applications that anyone can derive metrics from like markets, sports, or open case records. However, to harness intelligence capable of making quick judgments like humans, there must be access to real-time data. Until recently, real-time data has been hard to come by, but now, thanks to some major innovations in sensor and actuator technology, it’s become a real reality. All types of sensor activity is possible, such as sensors that measure temperature, location, speed, acceleration, depth, pressure, blood chemistry, air quality, color, photo-scanning, voice scanning, biometrics, electric, and magnetic force. Normally, humans are required to take such measurements, but that is quickly changing due to the mass production of cheap, yet accurate sensors and actuators. They’re not only placed in the environment, but within machines, like industrial machinery and robotics, and within/on humans, like a Fit or high-tech pacemakers. If there is going to be an autonomous economy, there needs to be a river of real-time information constantly flowing. The only way that autonomous action is effective is if it can respond quickly with confident judgments. Having the ability to monitor intricate details in real-time about a facility, its equipment, the environment it operates in, and even its workers (humans or robots), is transformational on many levels and has yet to be seen in mass. Essentially, everything, both physical to non-physical, is being brought online as data into an interconnected web, hence the name, the Internet of Things. It’s the human senses in digital form. However, raw data is only as good as the filtering mechanism that analyzes it. Without proper analysis, applications would be like animals acting off instinct, which is why artificial intelligence is an important component of automation.


Watch a series of short video lessons to jump start with the basic functionality of pSeven, including Automation & Integration and tools for Design Exploration and Predictive Modeling.
This video introduces you to the graphical user interface of pSeven and explains how to use the workflow. Workflow is the sequence of computations with defined execution order representing the design process. The essential functions of pSeven platform’s interface are considered in a live demo.
This video is an overview of pSeven’s integration tools. Integration capabilities in pSeven are handled by two types of blocks which create an interface between a pSeven workflow and other program. Direct integration blocks provide an easily configurable connector between pSeven and a specific software tool, and generic integration blocks integrate any software using program’s command line interface. pSeven integration capabilities are illustrated by a live demo of Creo and MSC.Patran/Nastran integration.
This video shows how to use the Design Space Exploration (DSX) block in pSeven to perform Design of Experiments studies. The concept of Design Exploration is explained. The video describes the Design of Experiment approach of DSX block.
The generation of data sample using Design Exploration in pSeven is displayed in a demo case.
This tutorial demonstrates how to use the Design Space Exploration (DSX) block to perform Optimization studies in pSeven. The concept of Design Exploration is explained. Optimization approach of DSX block is considered in detail. You will see a demo example of using Design Exploration to optimize a geometry of high-speed rotating disk with respect to mass and displacement.
This video explains how to collect data from a workflow, and how to apply the visualization and analysis tools of the Analyze panel to process this data and create reports. Analyze Basics and the key functions of pSeven Analyze are shown in a live demo.
The concept of predictive modeling and its potential applications are presented in this intro. pSeven includes a set of tools for building and managing predictive models, that can work with both data gathered from automated simulation workflows in pSeven and datasets imported from CSV or Excel files. Watch the demo case and learn how to create a predictive model step by step using Model builder tool in pSeven Analyze.
pSeven provides the tools to check the accuracy of predictive model and to compare several models — Model Validator and Model Explorer. The capabilities and usage steps of these tools are demonstrated in a demo case.


Physics consists of many research fields and each research field has a wide variety of contents. As a matter of fact, our department covers only a small portion of all the research fields but we are very active in each research field.
Everyone who wants to study Physics has to have a wide range of knowledge of the fundamental laws of Nature, the essences of our experiences. To secure this, we provide a variety of lectures and experiments about basic theories and relevant phenomena for freshman, sophomore, and also junior students. Advanced lectures and lectures for specified fields are given for junior and senior students. At senior, students learn and experience the way of research in Physics through laboratory studies given by each professor. Graduate School provides advanced knowledge and actual oppotunity to research in each field.
One of the recent notable changes of our department is that we established a new chair of computational physics. Many fields of Physics make use of numerical simulation as the alternative of actual experiment and/or as the only way to evaluate theoretical models. Not only by organizing a chair of computational physics but also by providing many computers for students, we encourage students to use computer network as a daily tool. Though we have only 3 chairs at our Department of Physics, we have 10 education and research fields. Subjects of laboratory studies and also researches in the graduate school are determined based on these fields.
In the followings, we will introduce our staffs, research activities, etc. according to each education and research field.
[HANAWA, Tomoyuki] Professor, D. Sc.
[MATSUMOTO, Ryoji] Professor, D. Sc.
[MIYAJI, Shigeki] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
Astrophysics is not a single and/or a simple field of physics but a complex of many fields of physics which applied to astophysical objects. With the wide variety of knowledge of physics such as elementally particle physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, plasma physics, etc., Astrophysics figures out phenomena at far distant space. Astrophysics is also an experimental physics to develop various kind of detectors with improved sensitivity and spacial and wave length resolutions in order to observe Astrophysical objects. In our laboratory, both theoretical and observational approaches are pursued. Recent themes for graduate students are 3-Dimensional Magneto-Hydro Dynamics, Analysis of Solar X-ray Images of Transient Phenomena, Numerical Simulation of Proto-Star Collapse, etc. We are also interested in pursuing new simulation technics for massively parallel and parallel vector supercomputers.
[KIMURA, Tadahiko] Professor, D. Sc.
[KONDO, Keiichi] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
[YAMADA, Atsushi] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
Elementary Particle Physics is a field to study characteristics of fundamental particles and laws which govern these particles. Present themes of this laboratory are concentrated on its theoretical side as follows:
[KAWAI, Hideyuki] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
[YOSHIDA, Shigeru] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
[MASE, Keiichi] Research Associate, D. Sc.
Why matter have mass? Why the Universe appears in the way they are? These ultimate questions have been among the biggest intellectual challenging for human being. To understand our world in such basic level requires to investigate characteristics of the elementary particles that are fundamental particles forming the matter in the Universe. These particles are generated by accelerators built by the human technology, or can be seen among the cosmic rays produced by ultra-high energy phenomena in astronomical objects. Our group is working on the research projects to bring new and deep understanding of the matter and our Universe, by studying properties of the elementary particles experimentally generated or observing ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrnos.
[ NATSUME, Yuhei] Professor, D. Sc.
The Laboratory is devoted to theoretical investigations of condensed matters and statistical physics. In particular, following subjects are now proceeding:
[KOHORI, Yoh] Professor, D. Eng.
[OHAMA, Tetsuo] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
[FUKAZAWA, Hideto] Research Associate, D. Sc.
In solid-state materials, various physical properties, which are for example electric conductivity, magnetic properties, etc., are governed by the electronic states of their constituing elements. For electrons in solid-state materials, room temperature is enough low temperature because their characteristic temperature of the electronic states is about a hundred higher than room temperature. This leads to the attracting physical phenomena such as magnetic order, superconductivity and so on which can be explained in terms of quantum physics.
To understand these kinds of electronic states is one of the impotant subjects of physics and is strongly related with wide varieties of application.
In our educational field, we apply magnetic resonance by using electromagnetic wave and photo scattering by using laser beam in order to understand electronic states in solid-state materials. We also utilize wide range of temperature between 0.05 K and 1000 K, high pressure up to about 10,000 atm and high magnetic field.
Main subjects of our field are as follows.
[YAMADA, Isao] Professor, D. Sc.
Materials show various characteristics. For example, some show very high magnetism and the others do not, or some are electrical and thermal conductors and the others are insulators. Why these differences take place? The answer is based on the fact that most of physical characteristics of materials are determined by the states of electrons in each material. Electrons have spin, a kind of the smallest unit of magnets. When electro-magnetic waves hit the material, electro-magnetic waves of certain wave length may be absorbed or scattered because of the correlation between the magnetic field of electro-magnetic wave and the spin of electrons. On the other hand, the material may change its characteristics drastically depending on its temperature. At our laboratory, experiments to measure magnetical and/or electrical characteristics at from very low temperature (nearly absolute zero) to 1000 C by correlation with radio, micro, and optical laser waves.
[NAKAYAMA, Takashi] Professor, D. Sc.
Our nano-science laboratory is investigating the physics in the nano-scale world, which is the main science in 21th century and becomes the basis of nano-technology and nano-bio science. In this small world, several hundred atoms often condense as beautiful forms such as pyramids, spirals, soccer balls, reconstructed surfaces, and ordered hetero-interfaces. These systems become fundamental units in material hierarchy to produce complex systems such as DNA and promote efficient energy and information transfers. Moreover, these systems exhibit exotic physical properties; for example, they are harder than the diamond and promote current quite different from a conventional Ohm's law current. We are studying why such unique shapes appear and what are origins of such unique properties, based on quantum mechanics, many-body theories, and nonlinear non-equilibrium concepts.
The goal of our studies is to elucidate universal laws that control this fundamental world. By these studies, in the near future, one can freely design new materials and living things that have never existed in the nature. Basic education necessary for the nano-science research is provided through lectures, seminars, etc., and in the graduate school the worldwide top-level nano-science researches are carried out collaborating with overseas groups.
|Figure Caption: Computer simulation of electron injection from Si substrate into amino acid. This type of injection artificially controls protein functionals.|
[OGAWA, Kengo] Professor, D. Sc.
[IWASAKI, Saburo] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
[KURASAWA, Haruki] Professor, D. Sc.
[NAKADA, Hitoshi] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
Nuclear Physics is a basics in order to understand the matter, i.e., atoms. Atom itself contains many elementary particles in it and shows complicated characteristics when its atomic number is higher and its proton/neutron ratio is far from that of stable isotopes. Using numerical simulation, atomic models are evaluated and detailed structures inside atoms are determined. Our themes are as follows:
[MURO, Kiyofumi] Professor, D. Eng.
[OTO, Kenichi] Associate Professor, D. Sc.
[MINO, Hirofumi] Research Associate, D. Sc.
Quasi-particles, electron and hole behave just like real particles in semiconductor and present a variety of phenomena. These behaviors have been utilized in the electronics devices which is the core of information technology. Development of recent material processing technology enabled the fabrication of nanometer scale structure in semiconductor, i.e., quantum well and quantum dot. Quasi-particles confined in such a meso-scopic structure behave in a different way and present prominent quantum effects.
We study quantum transport phenomena at low temperature and in a high magnetic field by fabricating specially designed pattern by e-beam lithography to understand the properties of strongly correlated electronic states. We also study the spin and carrier dynamics of meso-scopic system by femto-second time-resolved laser spectroscopy and high resolution Raman spectroscopy to try manipulate the spin in order to yield new quantum devices.
[OHTA, Yukinori] Associate Professor, D. Eng.
The scientific activity of our group is centered on the theoretical and computational studies of the anomalous properties of commonly named strongly-correlated electron systems. A broad range of interesting physical phenomena occur here, the studies of which have extended the physics beyond the domain of simple noninteracting theories or perturbative treatments. Examples are superconductivity of unconventional types, fluctuations and ordering of spin degrees of freedom, crystallization of charge carriers, and a variety of quantum magnetisms. These phenomena are observed in materials such as cuprates and other transition-metal oxides, molecular or organic crystals, and rare-earth systems.
Research in our group follows both analytical and computational approaches; a variety of quantum-field-theoretical methods are used for analytical approaches and a Lanczos diagonalization method, density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method are used for computational ones.
Our on-going research projects are the following:


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Boston, 22 April 2014
This morning in Boston, President Kagame began a two day visit to Boston with a visit at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The visit began with a tour of the Atmospheric Chemistry Lab at the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. The visit was followed by a round table discussion with MIT faculty members in the fields of energy, management and development.
Starting the conversation, MIT President Rafael Reif expressed solidarity with Rwanda during the mourning period of the 20th Commemoration of the Genocide Against the Tutsi.
The discussion centred on ongoing and future opportunities for partnerships between MIT and Rwanda including increasing the number of Rwandan students attending MIT.
Currently, the main joint projects with Rwanda include the Rwanda-MIT Climate Observatory Project and the iLab-Africa Project.
The Rwanda-MIT Climate Observatory Project aims to collect high frequency atmospheric observation that will contribute to meteorological forecasting, monitor climatic conditions and collect data on gases emitted. Starting with one Rwandan student, Jimmy Gasore, already pursuing his doctoral degree in the field and more students operating the technology in Rwanda, the partnership will also focus on building scientific, engineering and educational capacity. The project will also provide data that will enable Rwanda to measure its emission and better fulfill its commitment to environmentally sustainable development.
The partnership with iLab Africa project now provides students at the College of Science and Technology (former KIST) and the Huye Campus (former NUR) the opportunity to perform real engineering and science experiment via the internet.
President Kagame will end the day with a lecture at Tufts University.


I just submitted my first paper to PLoS One. I’m curious to see how it goes. It turns out that we have some very intriguing results, which could be of interest for many and disparate scientific communities. Combined with my rising interest for open access journals, PLoS One seems to be a perfect fit. There are extremely few (I could not find one, actually) materials science papers in PLoS One, although they are open to any domains of science. This could be the first one, that might be fun. Let’s see.


7:00 AM - 8:00 AM
8:00 AM - 8:25 AM
8:30 AM - 8:55 AM
General Session Presentation: Technology Imperatives when Connecting Smart Infrastructure - A Dive into Connectivity, Edge Computing, Data Analytics, and Predictive or Anomaly Detection
Participants: Preetham Naik, Director, IoT Security Solutions,Subex | Steve Cobb, Enterprise Account Executive, CB Technologies | Kristen Billhardt, IoT Business Development Manager, DELL | Aaron Allsbrook, CTO, ClearBlade
Description: This session will focus around imperatives, considerations, and priorities when connecting smart infrastructure including a review of connectivity options, edge computing and analytics, intelligence alerting and notification, and anomaly detection. As we place sensors or connect infrastructure through bluetooth, Wi-Fi, cellular, satellite and other technologies, what are key considerations that executives must consider or evaluate to advance or automate their assets and infrastructure?
8:55 PM - 9:20 PM
General Session Panel: Leveraging the value of your connected devices data: where is the money?
Description: Chances are your business is already sitting on piles of data. As more and more IOT devices and sensors are entering the market, that pile is going to continue growing exponentially for the foreseeable future. How do you get the most out of this data both for your own business and for 3rd parties? How do you assign value to your data? Daniel Obodovski, CEO of The Silent Intelligence is going to talk about these and other challenges in his presentation "Leveraging the value of your connected devices data: where is the money?"
9:30 AM - 12:30 PM
Meeting Zone - 1:1 Meetings between Technology Vendors and Attendees (IT, OT, CXOs, Managers)
12:30 PM - 1:30 PM
Networking Lunch with Conference Closing Q & A
1:30 PM - 11:59 PM


Wednesday, May 17, 2006
The global reach of the internet is one of its greatest charms. Some parts of the internet — which is a physical collection of computers and other hardware — are difficult or impossible to access either by accident or design.
A study of these lost sites by US researchers has investigated the extent of the "dark internet" and just what causes a net address to fall off the map.
The study found that up to 5% of the internet - potentially 100 million hosts - is completely unreachable.
The internet works because all the computers on it have an individual address.
Routers, devices that shuffle data around the internet, know where to send information because they maintain lists of these addresses.
But occasionally some of these addresses disappear and researchers at Arbor Networks have spent three years finding out why.
Results of a three-year study on internet 'reachability' have confirmed that the web is partitioned and littered with pockets of 'dark web space' which are home to some of the internet's nasties.
But more worryingly, the study found that this dark space is often used as a launch pad for fleeting internet attacks or as a spamming platform.
The most common cause of dark address space is router misconfiguration. Some military sites on the archaic MILNET address blocks also frequently fall into dark addresses. It is also speculated that hackers utilize malicious techniques to hijack private routers to either divert traffic or mask illegal activity.
Arbor found that these short-lived routing activities, like spamming, indicated a misuse of the routing infrastructure.hackers may increasingly be targeting routing infrastructures as a platform for denial of service attacks.
If a router can stake a claim on a block of address space, the rest of the net's infrastructure will simply accept it and route all traffic for that block.
Because routers aren't set up to log such incidents, these dark corners of the web represent pockets of malicious or sinister activity and "intentional misuse and co-option of the internet routing infrastructure"
Arbor also found a large number of SMTP servers, including over 40,000 unique mail sources, a number of which were associated closely with known spamming incidents. These internet nasties work by exploiting inherent weaknesses in the web's routing infrastructure.
The study reveals that all parts of the internet are not equally connected to every other part. By contrast, some networks inadvertently act as gatekeepers for sections of the internet that lie beyond them.
Monday, May 01, 2006
The Internet <does not equal> The Web..
The Internet and the Web are not synonymous..
The Web is a term that's often mistakenly used as a synonym for the Internet itself.. but here's the distinction between them:
The Internet, or simply the Net, is the publicly accessible worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using a standardized Internet Protocol (IP). It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic, and government networks. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web..
The Internet is a collection of interconnected computer networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, microwave links etc..
The World Wide Web ("WWW" or simply the "Web") is a global information space which people can read-from and write-to via a large number of different Internet-connected devices. For example, computers, Personal Digital Assistants(PDA), cellular phones, telephone kiosks, etc. The World Wide Web is also available (sometimes only partially) through digital television services, exposing content onto television screens..
The Web is actually a service that operates over the Internet, just like e-mail..
WWW is the complete set of documents residing on all Internet servers that use the HTTP protocol, accessible to users via a simple point-and-click system..
The Web is a collection of interconnected documents, linked by hyperlinks and URLs, and is accessible using the Internet..
On other words we can say:
The Internet is the hardware..
The Web is the software..


LampyPets Giraffe - Sunny
- Touch the right eye to turn upper lamp on/off. Touch again to change color temperature.
- Touch the left eye to dim the upper light through 3 dimmer settings. Hold the left to turn the night light on/off.
Dimensions: 6.5"L X 4"W X 16"T
Weight: 2.9 lbs
Made from High Grade ABS
Power Consumption on High: 6W
Color Temperatures: 3000K, 4300K, 6000K Nightlight: 3000K
3 Step Color Temperature adjustment with 3 steps dimming. LED night light included.
Brightness: 350 Lumens
Life-span: 20,000 hours


This postfix server is a relay host which passes mail to a backend server. I want to send the xforward command to the backend with the originating IP (where the postfix server accepted the mail from). However I always see:
XFORWARD ADDR=127.0.0.1 PORT=xxxxx
If I disable amavisd, I get the correct ADDR field the xforward command to the backend server. How can I configure postfix to inherit the ADDR field and pass it through with the correct IP address?


Payment & Shipping Terms:
|Rated Current:||100A - 1250A||Frequency:||50/60HZ|
|Product Name:||ATS Transfer Switch||Brand:||RADIN|
ats power switch,
ats switch for generator
ATS Transfer Switch,200 amp manual transfer switch (RDQ3NMB)
Radin Electric provides ATS design, engineering, and full after sales support for a wide range of automatic transfer switch applications. We offer onsite electrical audits to assist in determining the correct product and installation to meet your exact needs and requirements.
1. About ATS
RDQ3NM series intelligent dual power auto transfer switch (brief as ATS) suitable for emergency power supply system with rated AC voltage 400V, 50/60Hz. When one power source fault, can auto interchange from main power to backup power, no need manual operation, to protect the power supply stability. Mainly apply to the important place which not allow power cutoff such as Hospital, shopping mall, bank, chemical industry, metallurgy, high building, military facilities and fire-fighting etc.
2. Product Structure
|Working Voltage||AC400V 50/60Hz (Special customizable)|
|Operation Mode||Auto and Manual|
|Transfer Mode||Auto Transfer with Auto Recovery
Auto Transfer without Auto Recovery
|Rated Current||100A to 1250A|
|Poles||3P and 4P|
5. Working Conditions
24h average not more than +35ºC
Altitude : Not more than 2000m
Atmospheric conditions: humidity not more than 50% at max.+40ºC, higher humidity is allowed at lower temperature, at most wet month, the average max humidity is 90% at the average min temperature +25ºC, and have considered the condensation on the product surface due to temperature variation.
6. Delivery Terms


Mini XLR Custom Braided Straight Cable
This premium coil cable is hand made using nylon material for the cable and heat wrap for the USB C and USB A connections. The mini XLR 5-Pin detachable aviator connector is smaller than standard size connectors which add to the discrete streamlined look. Total length is 1.5 meters no coiled section makes for a clean minimalistic look. Keyboard cables not only add charm and character to your mechanical keyboard desk setup but also charges your keyboards and any other devices that use USB-C.
- Material: Nylon
- Diameter of Cable: 5-6mm
- Total length: 1.5 Meters
- USB-A to USB-C
- Mini XLR Detachable Connector


A Guide to Led Christmas Light Bulbs
With the holiday season fast approaching, it's time to start thinking about Christmas decorations. Among the most popular and beloved decorations are Christmas lights. One of the most popular types of Christmas lights are LED Christmas light bulbs. They are energy efficient, long lasting, and can be used to create a festive atmosphere in any home.
In this article, we will explore the many benefits of LED Christmas light bulbs and help you find the perfect lighting option for your home. We'll discuss what types of LED Christmas light bulbs are available, the best places to find them, and how to properly install and maintain them. By the end of this article, you'll know all there is to know about LED Christmas light bulbs, and you'll be ready to transform your home into a cozy winter wonderland.
What Are LED Christmas Light Bulbs?
LED (Light Emitting Diode) Christmas light bulbs are small electrical devices that generate light from electrical energy. Unlike traditional incandescent bulbs, LED bulbs use significantly less electric energy, making them an energy-efficient option. LED Christmas light bulbs come in a variety of colors and shapes, and can be used to add a festive touch to your home.
Advantages of LED Christmas Light Bulbs
LED Christmas light bulbs offer a number of advantages over traditional incandescent bulbs. They are more energy efficient, last longer, and generate less heat. They also come in a wide variety of colors and shapes, so you can easily find one that will fit your home's decor. And because they use less electricity, they can save you money on your electric bill.
Where to Buy LED Christmas Light Bulbs
LED Christmas light bulbs are widely available in many stores, both online and in-person. Home improvement stores such as Home Depot and Lowe's often carry a variety of LED Christmas light bulbs. Online retailers such as Amazon and Wayfair also offer a selection of LED bulbs. If you're looking for something unique, you can search for vintage or custom-made LED Christmas light bulbs on sites like Etsy or eBay.
How to Install and Maintain LED Christmas Light Bulbs
Installing LED Christmas light bulbs is relatively easy. Before you begin, make sure that the power is off and that the lights are disconnected from the electrical source. Then, follow the instructions provided with the bulbs. Be sure to check for any damage or fraying in the wires before proceeding. After the lights are installed, you should check them periodically to ensure that they are working correctly. To extend the life of your LED Christmas light bulbs, be sure to unplug them when they are not in use.
LED Christmas light bulbs offer a number of advantages over traditional incandescent bulbs. They use less energy, last longer, and come in a variety of colors and shapes. You can find LED Christmas light bulbs in home improvement stores, online retailers, and even vintage and custom shops. Installing and maintaining LED Christmas light bulbs is relatively simple, and can help you save money on your electric bill. With a little bit of research, you're sure to find the perfect LED Christmas light bulbs for your home.


The Lingenfelter TRG-002 module allows Gen IV GM V8 engines with the 58x crankshaft trigger or reluctor wheel and the 4x camshaft timing gear to be installed in earlier vehicles designed to accept the 24x crankshaft trigger wheel and the 1x camshaft trigger wheel without having to take the engine apart to change the cam timing gear or the crankshaft reluctor wheel.
The Lingenfelter TRG-002 is a plug-and-play design that connects directly to your existing wiring harness and to the factory engine sensors and has its own power source harness. Some early Gen IV V8 engine equipped vehicles that will need a camshaft sensor extension harness.
TRG-002 Key Features
• Fully encapsulated (potted) construction for increased durability
• High temperature glass filled Nylon low profile case
• Transient voltage and over voltage protection have been incorporated into the design to
accommodate the ever increasing electrical demands of modern vehicle control systems.
GM High Tech Performance Article 2/2009...click here
The TRG-002 incorporates a bi-color LED to indicate the operating status. When first powered up
and/or no crankshaft signal is present the LED will be RED to indicate the processor is booted and
ready. After a valid crankshaft and camshaft signal (engine rotating) is present the LED will switch
to GREEN to indicate that the input signal(s) are valid and the 24x crankshaft and cam sync outputs


DEVELOPMENT WITH US
The company's development activities extend to various areas, including the planning, development and production of:
- printed circuit boards according to the needs and requirements of customers,
- prototype products,
- firmware for microcontrollers,
- test devices, including personal computer software used in test devices.
In Impedanca, based on the customer's graphic requirements, we define the exact specifications of the electrical and mechanical properties of the desired products.
With our expert advice, we make sure that the mechanical assemblies are adapted for the optimal installation of electronics in devices and the operation of electronics. We often make mechanical assemblies ourselves and we also work with companies that produce front foils and foil keyboards.


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TECO Medium Voltage
Custom AC Drive
VERSA-BRIDGE Medium Voltage Drives
Variable Speed Drive
They provide reliable motor control for a variety of industry speciﬁc and general purpose applications including Oil & Gas, Utility/ Power Generation, Metals and Mines.
These patented MVDs are designed utilizing a multilevel H-Bridge topology that reduces the harmonic levels to extremely low levels.
The modular design facilitates ease of installation, commissioning and maintenance.
The VersaBridge ® is an innovative product that combines reliable, simple, and compact solutions with the latest power electronics and cooling technologies.
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This article will explain how to generate photographs of human faces via generative AI.
The algorithms that underpin this are trained on huge data sets of real images, and then used a kind of neural network known as a generative adversarial network (or GAN) to generate new examples. The discriminator follows a model similar to a deep convolutional neural network, allowing it to be more accurate in discriminating between generated images and images from the dataset. The ML model in a generator is coupled to a feedback loop in a discriminator that takes in both the generated and the real images and provides a feedback in the form of probability coefficients.
The work of a Generator is to generate realistic looking fake images, and that of the Discriminator is to discriminate between the real images and fake images.
By creating a new, false face, a generator attempts to make sure that a dataset of faces will pass a discriminator test. In subsequent iterations, one of two networks attempts to mimic the original images most closely in order to trick the other network, whereas the discriminator attempts to distinguish between real images and the fakes best.
Once the learning cycle is completed, One of the two networks is able to produce real images (almost undistinguishable from the original), and The discriminator has grown into a good model for the classifier. We will build the discriminator model for a generative network for classification of images into true or false.
Once you have created the discriminator model, you can start the DAnon learning process. The GAN model will be used to train model weights on a generator using outputs and errors computed from the discriminator networks.
The GAN model takes a point in latent space as an input, uses a generator model to generate a picture, that is fed as input into The discriminator model, and is then either output or classified as true or false. The generator is trained in batches, the discriminator is trained first over n steps, at which time training stops, and the generator model starts to train itself trying to generate images out of Gaussian noise, trying to trick the discriminator into producing a picture that it believes is identical to one from a database. We can create a class called GAN that contains all of the methods that we need for the training of the generative model.
In traditional GAN, a generative network will receive as its input a random latent vector as and using several recursive convolutions, it will transform this vector into an image which will look real to a discriminator. We will investigate the tremendous potential these generative networks have for creating authentic faces, or any other kind of images, from scratch. The constant progress of these two-neural net architectures, composed of the model generator and the discriminator, helps stabilize the outputs and produce real-world images, making it nearly next-to-impossible to distinguish by human eyes.


The much awaited smartphone of the year Samsung’s Galaxy S8 and S8+ is now available in the USA. After a long wait for pre-order period, the devices are now available to buy from stores in the market. Unlocked Samsung can be purchased from Samsung stores or, from Samsung’s official website. While the locked device is available at carrier’s store or their official website. The unlocked S8 comes with a price tag of $720 and S8+ at $820. Both the S8 and S8+ available in three more markets along with the USA. They are Canada, South Korea, and Puerto Rico.
While launching these in these markets, Samsung also mentioned that the both devices will come in other markets ‘in the weeks ahead.’
While we are here, it is also worth mentioning that these two devices are the new flagship device from Samsung. This is a major bid from Samsung to earn respect back from the consumers after the dramatic Note 7 failure.
Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+ features:
If you are confused between which device to buy then here is a quick look at the device specs and features.
Both devices are huge in screen and low in footprint thanks to the Infinity display and Samsung’s wise decision for a nearly bezel-less phone. The S8 is a 5.8 inches display phone where as S8+ spots a whopping 6.2 inches display. Both the phones come with rather unusual aspect ratio of 18.5:9 which makes the device little taller and comfortable to handle.
Both the device is powered by Snapdragon 835 chipset or Exynos 8895 chipset depending on where you live. Both devices come with 4GB RAM and 64GB internal storage. Both S8 and S8+ have MicroSD slot to support 256GB additional storage.
The rear camera is a led down for many people as Samsung decided to use the same 12MP sensor from the previous generation S7 with some minor improvement. The front camera got a bump from 5MP of S7 to a new 8MP.
In software section, Samsung has added a new AI assistant called Bixby. It works almost same as Google Assistant. It is strange for many people that why would Samsung choose to develop when Android has its own assistant. The Bixby still in development mode, seems like Samsung made its new flagship users a beta tester for Bixby :p Samsung is very serious about Bixby, and that can be seen by the fact that Samsung has added a dedicated Bixby button on the left side of the screen. Samsung’s new flagship phones come with Android 7.0 Nougat out of the box with Samsung’s TouchWiz skin on top.
The fingerprint scanner located in a bizzar place right next to the camera at the back which is a very uncomfortable place to put fingerprint scanner. Though it has iris scanner and it is much improved than before but still people missing the convenient of a fingerprint scanner.
Samsung Galaxy S8 and S8+ are interesting devices. If you made your mind to get any of the mentioned phones, then this is the right time for you.


MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, which is an examination using a magnetic field imaging machine. Used in the diagnosis of patient lesions to be used in the treatment and follow up on treatment results. Relying on the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms (Hydrogen, H). Which are the main components within the human body. Such as water molecules (H2O), etc.
When the patient is under the electromagnetic field The device emits radio waves of a specific frequency. (Radiofrequency) to stimulate the organ system to be examined. When an organ is stimulated, its energy level changes according to a physical process called resonance. The atoms inside the body emit energy. UFABET There will be a receiving device that has come out. Then converted to a picture signal on the screen.
How to perform an MRI examination?
In an MRI scan, the patient must lie down in the machine. tunnel-like Which is about 60 centimeters wide and will have a signal receiver device. It will look different. depending on the organ system to be examined. Such as examination of the brain system There will be an image receiver device covered in the head area. Spine examination case The imaging device is placed behind the patient, for example. The patient must lie in the tunnel for at least 30 minutes to hours. Depending on the organ system to be examined.
The examination will be divided into sets. Each set takes approximately 3-5 minutes in some examinations such as the heart and abdominal system. The patient will have to hold his breath. Each set is about 15-20 seconds and will require specific preparation. And refraining from taking certain regular medications before receiving the examination. The staff will inform you about the procedure on the day of the inspection appointment.


- The black wire on a defrost timer is critical for the proper functioning of a refrigerator’s defrost system, supplying power to initiate the defrost cycle which helps prevent ice buildup and maintains the appliance’s efficiency. This wire typically requires a voltage supply between 24 and 120 volts AC or DC and should be correctly installed to avoid issues such as short circuits.
- Understanding the role and connection of the black wire is crucial for troubleshooting and maintenance. It connects to terminal #2 of the compressor, regulating the switch between cooling and defrosting modes. Mismanagement or improper installation of this wire can lead to significant malfunctions, potentially compromising food safety and appliance efficiency.
- Regular inspection and maintenance of the defrost timer and its connections, including the black wire, are essential for the longevity and performance of your refrigerator. Troubleshooting problems with the black wire involves checking for proper installation, using a voltmeter for continuity tests, and replacing faulty wires with caution, ensuring all safety measures are observed to prevent electric shock or appliance damage.
From the seemingly mundane task of Defrost Timer Black Wire to the mysteriousness of what lies beneath the black wire, this is your opportunity to get an inside look into how a refrigerator’s defrost timer works.
Take a deep dive into the mechanics and discover why connecting power to that black wire can help you keep food safe and properly frozen in your own home.
Defrost Timer Black Wire:
The black wire on a defrost timer is usually the power supply. The voltage that should be supplied to it depends on the type of timer being used, but typically it needs between 24 and 120 volts AC or DC. The current requirements for this wire can range from 0.2 amps up to 10 amps depending on your system’s specific requirements.
What is a Defrost Timer?
A defrost timer is a device that cycles the refrigerator’s compressor on and off. It regulates when the fridge should go into its defrost cycle, which prevents ice buildup in the freezer.
This helps maintain maximum efficiency in both cooling and energy consumption.
The black wire of a defrost timer typically connects to one of two sources; either directly to an AC outlet or to a control board within the refrigerator.
When connected to an AC outlet, it will allow for manual operation – meaning you can turn on/off your refrigerator manually with ease.
When connected to a control board inside your fridge, it will enable automatic operation – allowing you to set specific times for when your unit should enter its defrost cycle.
In addition to helping maintain efficient cooling and energy consumption, having a working defrost timer is also important for keeping food safe from potential spoilage due to excessive frost build-up in the freezer compartment over time.
The regular cycling of heat during its assigned intervals also helps reduce noise produced by any components which may result from excessive vibration caused by icy buildups in freezer compartments over long periods without maintenance or cleaning out old frosty items no longer needing refrigeration storage space.
Black Wire of Defrost Timer:
The black wire of the defrost timer is an important part of a working refrigerator system. It connects to the terminal #2 of the compressor, and helps regulate when the refrigerator is in cooling mode or defrosting mode.
The timer works by sending electrical pulses to turn on or off either one or both sets of coils depending on whether it’s cooling or defrosting.
When functioning properly, this wire will help maintain a consistent temperature within your fridge, ensuring all food stored inside remains fresh and safe for consumption.
It’s essential that this black wire be installed correctly with no exposed wiring as any kind of fault could have serious consequences for both you and your appliance: short circuits are known to cause fires due to intense heat build-up around faulty connections.
As such, if you ever need to replace a component connected to this black wire – like the thermostat – make sure it’s done by a qualified technician who has experience working with refrigerators.
Ultimately, while it might seem like an insignificant detail compared to other parts within your fridge, proper installation and maintenance of the black wire can go a long way towards keeping your family safe as well as making sure everything stays cold and frosty!
Functions of the Black Wire:
The black wire in a defrost timer is responsible for controlling the defrost cycle. It is connected to the evaporator fan motor and sends voltage to it when the time comes to activate the defrost mode.
The black wire also functions as a ground connection between components, ensuring proper electrical grounding throughout the system.
The purpose of this wire is to provide accurate timing for the start and end of each defrost cycle.
This type of precise control helps keep temperatures consistent within the refrigerated space, promoting efficient operation and avoiding potential ice build-up on food items or other components from improper running conditions.
In addition, this wired connection serves as an important safety feature because it prevents any accidental energizing or starting up without providing enough time for cooling down periods that are necessary in order to prevent damage from occurring due to excessive heat buildup.
With all these features combined, one can see why having this specific black wire in a Defrost Timer can help ensure continuous safe operation of your refrigerator unit!
Troubleshooting Problems with the Black Wire:
Troubleshooting problems with the black wire of a defrost timer can be tricky. It is important to take the necessary precautions and inspect all components before proceeding.
If a problem arises, it is best to disconnect power from the unit prior to attempting any repairs or troubleshooting.
Checking for proper installation:
The first step in troubleshooting an issue with the black wire of a defrost timer should always include checking for proper installation and connections between all parts involved, including terminals, capacitors, resistors and wires.
Additionally, it is important to make sure that none of these components are corroded or damaged in any way before connecting them again.
Using a voltmeter on each connection point:
Once this step has been completed successfully, then further investigation may be needed by using a voltmeter on each connection point within the system: terminal block connectors, condenser fan motor windings etc.
As well as testing for continuity along each section of wiring connected directly into your defrost timer’s black wire circuit board.
This will help identify where exactly current flow is being interrupted due to faulty wiring or components – allowing you to make necessary adjustments accordingly.
Internally issue :
Finally, if no fault can be found upon completion of these steps then it could indicate that there was an issue internally within your defrost timer itself which needs replacing entirely – requiring professional assistance if need be.
Replacing a Bad Black Wire:
Replacing a bad black wire is an important part of maintaining the proper functioning of your defrost timer.
The black wire is responsible for providing power to the timer, making sure that it can keep time properly and accurately perform its function. If left unchecked, a faulty or malfunctioning black wire can cause the defrost cycle to be interrupted or even fail altogether.
The first step in replacing a bad black wire is to identify where it’s located within your system.
This should be relatively easy as you’ll be dealing with only two wires: one going directly from the power source and another leading away from it towards the timer itself.
Once identified, disconnect this second lead at both ends and remove any wiring clips holding them together if necessary before proceeding further.
Next, obtain a replacement black wire that meets all relevant specifications (such as gauge thickness).
Then cut off any excess length at either end so that there are no loose strands sticking out which could potentially create shorts while re-wiring everything together – taking care not to nick or damage insulation in doing so!
Finally install new clamps (if required) on either side of connection points; followed by connecting up all wires securely according to their designated colours – ensuring no wrong connections have been made in process by double checking beforehand!
After which run through final tests ensuring that all works correctly before powering back on once again.
Tips for Installing New Black Wires:
When installing a new black wire for a defrost timer, it is important to take safety precautions and follow instructions closely. To ensure the installation process goes smoothly, here are some tips to follow:
Turn off the power from the circuit breaker:
First, make sure you turn off the power from the circuit breaker before beginning any work. This will help prevent electric shock or damage to both yourself and your equipment.
It is also important that you use the correct gauge of wire when connecting your new black wire. Check with an expert if unsure what size would be best for your particular application.
Attach one end of the black wire onto a terminal screw:
Next, attach one end of the black wire onto a terminal screw on the appliance side of the timer box, then connect its other end into a ground hole in another part of the circuit which may include an outlet or switch box.
Connections are secure:
Be sure all connections are secure by tightening them with pliers and covering them with electrical tape when finished.
Finally, restore power by turning back on your main breaker and testing out your work by ensuring all appropriate functions are working properly before moving onto another task.
This includes checking for shorts or improper wiring connection issues as well as verifying proper operation once again after completing everything else involved in rewiring any device connected to this same system (such as light switches).
Common Questions about Defrost Timers and Their Connected Wires
Defrost timers are devices that control the defrost cycle of a refrigerator.
They regulate when and how often the compressor should stop running in order to allow frost and ice buildup on evaporator coils to be melted by heat generated from other components of the appliance.
Defrost timers usually have several connected wires, each serving different purposes.
Common questions about these wires include what they do, where they go, and how they work together with the timer.
The black wire is typically connected directly to one side of a transformer located inside the cabinet or near an electrical outlet box; this provides power for both controlling functions and powering relays within defrost timers.
The other side of the transformer is generally grounded or wired through another circuit for safety reasons and increased efficiency.
In some cases, there may also be multiple black wires connected between components such as a thermostat or temperature control switch which helps determine when it’s time to start up again after defrosting has finished.
When working with any type of wiring related to refrigerators or freezers, it’s essential that safety precautions are taken at all times (such as turning off electricity before working).
Additionally always consult an experienced service technician if uncertain about anything relating to wiring connections associated with your specific model/brand refrigerator/freezer unit before attempting any repairs on your own.
Where does the black wire go on a defrost timer?
The black wire on a defrost timer is connected to the terminal #2. It is used to power the timer and other components of the system, including any fans or coils.
The connection should be made to an appropriate source that provides enough voltage for the system’s needs.
When installing a new defrost timer, it is important to identify where the black wire should go before beginning work.
Generally speaking, there will be two connections available – one for AC power and one for DC power – so it is important to make sure you connect the right type of wire in each location. This can help avoid potential problems down the line when using your equipment.
It is also essential that you check your wiring diagram carefully before connecting any wires and double-check that all connections are secure once everything has been set up correctly.
Always follow safety guidelines when working with electricity as incorrect installation can lead to serious damage or even injury if not done properly.
Understanding your refrigerator’s defrost system is critical to the proper operation of your appliance. This includes knowing when and how the defrost cycle occurs, as well as what part the black wire plays in it.
The black wire connects to a timer that controls when a defrost cycle begins and ends. By providing an interrupt signal, this timer turns on power to initiate the process of melting any built-up frost or ice inside the freezer compartment.
It then releases heat into the unit until all ice has melted and returned it to its normal operating temperature.
To ensure optimal performance, it’s important for homeowners to regularly check their refrigerator’s defrost system and replace components such as timers if needed. With regular maintenance, you can keep your fridge running efficiently for years to come!
Q1. How does the black wire affect the defrost cycle’s timing accuracy?
The black wire is integral to the defrost timer’s function, providing the necessary power for accurate timing of the defrost cycle. A faulty black wire can lead to incorrect timing signals being sent, causing either insufficient defrosting or excessive energy consumption. Accurate timing ensures the refrigerator remains efficient and extends the life of its components by preventing ice buildup.
Q2. Can a damaged black wire impact the refrigerator’s temperature consistency?
Yes, a damaged or improperly connected black wire can severely impact the refrigerator’s ability to maintain consistent temperatures. Since it controls the defrost cycle, any malfunction can result in irregular cooling periods, leading to fluctuations in the internal temperature that can compromise food safety and increase energy usage.
Q3. What precautions should I take when replacing the black wire in my defrost timer?
When replacing the black wire, always disconnect the refrigerator from the power source to avoid electric shock. Use a wire of the correct gauge and type as recommended by the manufacturer. Ensure that all connections are secure and insulated to prevent short circuits. Consider consulting a professional if you’re unsure about the process to avoid further damage to your refrigerator.
Q4. Why is grounding important for the black wire connection in a defrost timer?
Grounding the black wire connection is crucial for safety, preventing electric shock by offering a path for excess electricity to flow back to the ground in case of a short circuit. It also ensures the stable operation of the defrost timer by minimizing potential electrical interferences that could disrupt its performance.
Q5. How can I tell if the black wire is the cause of my refrigerator’s defrosting issues?
If your refrigerator has defrosting issues, check the black wire for signs of damage, loose connections, or corrosion. Using a voltmeter, verify if it’s receiving and delivering the correct voltage. If discrepancies are found or if the wire appears damaged, it’s likely the culprit and should be replaced.
Q6. What should I do if my refrigerator’s defrost timer doesn’t have a clearly labeled black wire?
If the defrost timer’s black wire isn’t clearly labeled, consult the refrigerator’s wiring diagram or manual for guidance. Manufacturers typically provide detailed diagrams showing wire colors and their connections. If still unsure, seek professional assistance to avoid mistakenly tampering with the wrong wires, which could lead to more significant issues.


Finding your suitable readers for lenovo displaylink monitor is not easy. You may need consider between hundred or thousand products from many store. In this article, we make a short list of the best readers for lenovo displaylink monitor including detail information and customer reviews. Let’s find out which is your favorite one.
632 reviews analysed
1. Lenovo ThinkVision M14 14" Full HD 1920×1080 IPS Monitor – 300 Nit 6ms 2xUSB Type-C Ports Widescreen Backlit LED LCD Mobile Portable Display Raven Black
Boost on-the-go productivity and collaboration with the ultra-portable think Vision M14 mobile display. This 14″ Monitor weighs just 570g and is compatible with any device with an advanced USB-C port. Whether you’re presenting to clients or just want to get things done on the road, The think Vision M14 helps you make your good work, better. Looking to give yourself an edge when it comes to mobile productivity? Check out the think Vision M14. This ultra-portable 14″ Fhd mobile display connects to your laptop via USB-C to give you extra screen real estate for your own work-and a great way to share content with clients and colleagues. Its ergonomic design Lets you control the viewing angle-and thanks to ports on both sides, It’s friendly to right- and left-handed users. Think Vision M14: The modern solution for mobile productivity. At just 570g and 4. 4mm, the think Vision M14 mobile display won’t weigh you down. And despite its ultra-portable design, it delivers great visuals on its FHD (1920 x 1080) IPS display. The think Vision M14 mobile display features two advanced USB-C ports that simultaneously support power and video. Its “power pass through” Design lets you charge both the think Vision M14 and your laptop with a single adapter. Be sure your laptop, tablet, or smartphone has a full-function USB-C connector that supports display port 1. 2 Alt Mode and PD2. 0. The think Vision M14 mobile display’s flexible design lets you work The way you want to. It has ports on both the right and left sides for easy alignment. The monitor has a -5° to 90° tilt angle and an adjustable foot lets you change the height to your liking. And it comes with its own protective sleeve for carefree travel. What’s in the box 1 x think Vision M14 USB-C mobile monitor 1 x stand 1 x think Vision M14 Sleeve 1 x USB Type-C cable (1M) 1 x QSG 1 x pair of clips.
2. Lenovo ThinkPad USB 3.0 Pro Dock-USA (MFG P/N; 40A70045US) 45W Ac Adapter With 2 Pin Power Cord Included Item Does Not Charge The Laptop Or Tablet When Attached
- Number Of USB Connections : 5 , 3 x USB 3.0, 2 x USB 2.0, Dual display support through 1 x DVI and 1 x DP ports, OS Support: Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7.
- What’s in the Box
- ThinkPad USB 3.0 Pro Dock, 45W power adapter( Does Not Charge Device ) , 2 Pin USA Power cord , USB 3.0 Cable , DVI to VGA adapter.
- Warning – This Item Does Not Charge Your Device When Attached.
- ThinkPad USB3.0 Pro dock delivers a professional universal USB docking solution with fast USB 3.0 ports and video port for monitor attach. Digital video port supports WQHD output, max resolution up to 2560×1600. One always–on USB 3.0 port to charge your mobile devices.
- Lenovo 40A70045US USB 3.0 Pro Dock In The Lenovo Factory Selaed Retail Packaged For USA.
The ThinkPad USB 3.0 Pro Dock delivers a professional universal USB docking solution with fast USB 3.0 ports and digital video ports for quick and easy connection to all the workspace peripherals you use every day. Simply plug in a single USB 3.0 cable into your Lenovo PC for instant access to up to two external monitors, Gigabit Ethernet, headphones/speakers, USB printers, scanners, keyboard, mouse and so on for daily use. The Dock can also charge your mobile device via USB always power on port
3. Lenovo ThinkPad Hybrid USB-C with USB-A Dock US (40AF0135US)
- USB Ports: 3x USB 3.1 gen2 (10Gbps, 1x always-on USB charging)
- 2x USB2.0
- 1x USB-C port (Data,5V 3A power).
- Ports: 1x Gigabit Ethernet
- 2x Display Port
- 2x HDMI Port
- 1x Stereo/Mic Combo Audio Port.
- Enterprise-class universal docking. Supports ThinkPad RapidCharge. Works with older Lenovo and non-Lenovo laptops.
- Can charge mobile devices with 15W and 10.5W from USB-C port and USB3.0 always power-on port respectively.
- Compatibility: E580, E480, E470, L580, L480, L470, L380, L380 Yoga, Lenovo Tablet 10, Miix 520-12IKB, T580, T570, T480, T480s, T470, T470s, T460, ThinkPad 25, X1 Carbon Gen 6, X1 Carbon Gen 5, X1 Yoga Gen 3, X1 Yoga Gen 2, X1 Tablet Gen 3, X1 Tablet Gen 2, 13 Gen 3 Windows, X280, X270, X260.
The ThinkPad Hybrid USB-C with USB-A dock expands the capabilities of most any laptop, new or old, making it perfect for enterprise customers with mixed-PC or shared-desk environments. Featuring enterprise-class manageability, like PXE boot and MAC address pass-through, the ThinkPad Hybrid USB-C with USB-A docking station offers three high-speed USB 3.1 ports and includes a USB-C to USB-A adapter to provide port replication to non-Lenovo or USB-C laptop computers. This ThinkPad Hybrid dock also supports dual monitor setups, up to dual UHD 4K resolution, and rapid charging for ThinkPad notebooks. What’s in the Box: ThinkPad Hybrid USB-C with USB-A Dock; USB-C to USB-A adapter cable; 135W AC Adapter; Setup poster; Warranty poster. Compatibility: E580, E480, E470, L580, L480, L470, L380, L380 Yoga, Lenovo Tablet 10, Miix 520-12IKB, T580, T570, T480, T480s, T470, T470s, T460, ThinkPad 25, X1 Carbon Gen 6, X1 Carbon Gen 5, X1 Yoga Gen 3, X1 Yoga Gen 2, X1 Tablet Gen 3, X1 Tablet Gen 2, 13 Gen 3 Windows, X280, X270, X260. Maximum Temperature = 35 Degrees Celsius / 95 Degrees Fahrenheit and Minimum Temperature = 0 Degrees Celsius / 32 Degrees Fahrenheit.
4. Lenovo Onelink Plus dock (40a40090us) For Select ThinkPad Models Only (Renewed)
- Lenovo 40a40090us In The Factory Sealed USA Retail Packaging Includes The 90w AC Adapter With 2 Prong 110v Power Cord.
- This Item Is Only Compatible With The Following Lenovo Models
- V310-15ISK , ThinkPad 13 (1st Gen) Windows , ThinkPad 13 (2nd Gen) Windows, P40 Yoga, X1 Tablet (1st Gen- Productivity Module (4X50L08495) Required ) , X1 Tablet (2nd Gen – Productivity Module (4X50L08495) Required ), ThinkPad Yoga 14 , ThinkPad Yoga 260, ThinkPad Yoga 460, X1 Carbon (4th Gen) Only, X1 Yoga (1st Gen) Only.
- Specs and Features 1Connectivity – ( NO HDMI PORT ) 4 x USB 3.0, 1 provide always on mobile device charging , 2x USB 2.0,1x OneLink+ upstream connector, 2 x DP , 1x V GA, 1x Gigabit Ethernet, 1x Stereo/Mic Combo Port , 1 x Security lock hole , 1x DC in.
- Up to 3 monitors can be Hooked Up. OneLink Plus dock Is Capable To Support up to 4k2k(3840×2160) resolution.
- Warning – The X1 Tablet 1st and 2nd Generation Requires a purchase of the Lenovo Productivity Module (4X50L08495). This item is Not Compatible with the X1 Carbon 1st gen, 2nd gen, 3rd gen or 5th Generation Models Or The X1 Yoga 2nd Gen, 3rd Gen , 4th Gen, 5th Gen Or Any T Series, X Series, Edge Series , G Series Or Any IdeaPads.
TP OneLink Dock US
5. Lenovo ThinkPad USB 3.0 Docking Station (0A33970),Black
- 4 x USB 3.0 and 1 x USB 3.0 always-on port
- 1x DVI D, 1 x DVI I, 1 x Gigabit Ethernet, 1 x DVI-to-VGA monitor adapter
- Dock requires included AC power to operate (Does not power charge laptop)
- IMPORTANT: An update of device drivers may be required for proper functionality
- COMPLETE Compatibility List in DESCRIPTION
COMPATIBLE with the following Lenovo models: B Series: B590, B40-45, B40-70, B50-70, B50-45, B50-45, B50-35, B50-30; Edge Series: E11, E13, E14, E15, E120, E125, E130, E135, E145, E220, E220s, E330, E325, E335, E420, E420s, E425, E430, E430c, E431, E435, E440, E445, E450, E455, E460, E465, E520, E525, E530, E530c, E531, E535, E540, E545, E550, E550c, E555, E560, E565, E40-30, E40-70, S230u, S430, S440, S431, S531, S540; Flex Series: Flex 10, 14, 14d, 15, 15d, 2, 2 pro; L Series: L330, L430, L440, L450, L460, L530, L540, L560; T Series: T420s, T430, T430s, T430u, T431s, T440, T440s, T440p, T450s, T460, T460p, T520, T530, T540p, T550, T560; W Series: W500, W510, W520, W530, W540, W541, W701, P40, P50s, P70, P50; V Series: V480, V480c, V480s, V580, V580; Yoga models: s1, s3, s5, 11e, 11s, 2, 2 13’, pro 13, 3 pro; Y Series: Y40, Y50, Y70; X Series: X1, X1 Yoga, X1 Carbon, X230, X250, X1 Carbon 3rd, X1 Carbon 2nd, X140e, X240, X240s, X230s, X131e, X1 Carbon, X230, X230 Tablet, X130e, X1, X220; Z Series: z40, z50, z40, z480, z400, z410, z500, z510. Also compatible with the 11e, Helix 1, Thinkpad 10 Tablet, ThinkPad 8 Tablet, M30-70, and Miix 2 11’.
6. Lenovo ThinkPad USB-C Dock Gen 2 (40AS0090US)
- Ports: 3x USB 3.1, 2x USB 2.0, 1x Combo Audio Jack, 1x Gigabit Ethernet.
- Video Ports: 1x HDMI, 2x DisplayPort.
- Max Number of External Monitors: 3. (Dock has the ability to support DisplayPort 1.4 and HDMI 2.0 for max 1 x [email protected], but the real video output would depend on the system’s output).
- What’s included: ThinkPad USB-C Dock Gen 2
- 90W AC Power adapter
- Power cord
- USB-C Cable.
- See Description for Complete Compatibility Information.
UNLEASH YOUR CREATIVITY WITH NEXT-GEN USB-C DOCKING. Why settle for ordinary when the right tools can take you to the next level? Like the ThinkPad USB-C Dock Gen 2, next generation of USB-C one-cable universal docking solutions. With it, you can say goodbye to limitations and enjoy vivid 4K displays or multiple 1080p screens, charge your notebook, connect legacy USB peripherals, wired networks and rapidly charge your mobile devices. WHY YOU SHOULD BUY THE LENOVO THINKPAD USB-C DOCK GEN 2: One connection, no limitations – Think of all the time you’d save if you could connect all your peripherals at once, transfer USB data at lightning-fast 10 Gbps speeds, and have access to a stable, stress-free wired network connection. Jaw-dropping 4K or multiple displays – The days of being limited by your notebook’s capabilities are over. Now you can experience vivid 4K on a single screen or take multitasking to the next level with dual 4K @ 30 Hz displays or triple 1080p displays. (Dock has the ability to support DisplayPort 1.4 and HDMI 2.0 for max 1 x 4K @ 60 Hz display or 2 x 4K @ 30 Hz displays, but the real video output would depend on the system’s output). Compatible with the following Lenovo Machine Types: ThinkPad X1 Tablet Gen 3 (20KJ,20KK); E595 (20NF); E495 (20NE); E590 (20NB,20NC); E490s (20NG); E490 (20N8,20N9); X390 Yoga (20NN,20NQ); X380 Yoga (20LH, 20LJ,20LK); L390 Yoga (20NT,20NU); L390 (20NR,20NS); L580 (20LW,20LX); L480 (20LS,20LT); T490 (HC)20Q9,20QH); T495s (20QJ,20QK); T495 (20NJ,20NK); T490s (20NX,20NY); T490 (20N2,20N3); T590 (20N4,20N5); T580 (20L9,20LA); T480 (20L5,20L6); T480s (20L7,20L8); T470s (20HF,20HG,20JS,20JT); T470 (20HD,20HE,20JM,20JN); P43s (20RH,20RJ); P53s (20N6,20N7); P52s (20LB,20LC); X1 Carbon 7th Gen (20QD,20QE); X1 Yoga 4th Gen (20QF,20QG); X395 (20NL,20NM); X390 (20Q0,20Q1); X1 Yoga 3rd Gen (20LD,20LE,20LF,20LG); X280 (20KE,20KF); X1 Carbon 6th Gen (20KG,20KH); X270 (20HM,20HN,20K5,20K6).
7. Lenovo Thinkpad Thunderbolt 3 Dock (40AC0135US)
- Charge your mobile device with the always-power-on USB 3.0 port
- UHD video experience with dual video output or with up to three FHD displays
- Perfect pairing for ThinkPad X1 rapid charging, up to 40Gbps data transfer speeds
- Immediate connection to peripherals with a single cable, 4 times faster than the average dock
- Min Operating Temperature 5 C. Max Operating Temperature 40 C
- Includes 135W Slim AC Adapter and Thunderbolt 3 Cable, See description for compatibility
Thunderbolt Dock – US
8. Lenovo ThinkPad Thunderbolt 3 Dock Gen 2 135W (40AN0135) Dual UHD 4K Display Capability, 2 HDMI, 2 DP, USB-C, USB 3.1 with 3 Years Warranty Card
- Enhanced performance with professional video solution and exclusive network manageability(Depending on many factors such as the processing capability of the host and peripheral devices, file attributes, and other factors related to system configuration and operating environments, the actual data transfer rate will be slower than 5 Gbit/s on USB 3.1 Gen 1 (USB 3.0) connectors, slower than 10 Gbit/s on USB 3.1 Gen 2 connectors, and slower than 20Gbit/s on USB 3.2 connectors)
- Dual UHD Displays provide the best video expereince
- Expand compatibility on USB-C and Thunderbolt systems
- 3 Years warranty card
Maximize Your Productivity with a Thunderbolt 3 Dock. Powerful, versatile and incredibly fast! This Intel Thunderbolt Chipset
powered Thunderbolt Dock Gen 2 invented to boost productivity with extended compatibility on both USB-C and Thunderbolt enabled
laptop. Expand your horizons with multiple 4K displays, and transfer files at record speed.It’s everything you need to enhance your creativity and efficiency today.
Expand compatibility on USB-C and Thunderbolt systems: Dual UHD Displays provide the best video experience. Enhanced performance
with professional video solutions and exclusive network manageability. The ThinkPad Thunderbolt 3 Dock Gen 2 is supported on
the following Lenovo systems: ThinkPad X1 Yoga 2nd Gen (Machine Types: 20JD, 20JE, 20JF, 20JG); ThinkPad X1 Yoga 3rd Gen
(Machine Types: 20LD, 20LE); ThinkPad T570 (Machine Types: 20H9, 20HA, 20JW, 20JX); ThinkPad P51s (Machine Types: 20HB, 20HC,
20JY, 20K0); ThinkPad T580 (Machine Types: 20L9, 20LA); ThinkPad P52s (Machine Types: 20LB, 20LC).
Ports: 2x HDMI; 2x DisplayPort; 1x ThunderBolt 3 Gen 2.
Ports: 1x USB-C (Thunderbolt 3 compatible); 4x USB 3.1 Gen 2; 1x USB 3.1 Gen 2 with Always-on charging
1x RJ-45 Ethernet 10Base-T/100Base-TX/1000Base-T; 1x Audio Connector (3.5mm). 1x Security-lock slot (lock sold separately
In the Box: Dock; 135W Power Adapter and Power Cord; Thunderbolt 3 cable; Documentation.
9. Lenovo ThinkPad Pro Dock 40A10090US Docking Station
- Charges your ThinkPad with an included ThinkPad 90W Adapter
- 3x USB 2.0, one supports always-on USB charging 3x USB 3.0 10/1000 Gigabit Ethernet, supports enterprise manageability 1x DisplayPort 1.2 (Exclusive use with DVI-D) 1x DVI-D (Exclusive use with DisplayPort) 1x VGA Driver-free, perfect video quality 1x Stereo/Mic Combo Audio Port Security lock hole
- convenient eject button for one-step system removal
- and physical rear alignment for a perfect dock every time
- Depending on many factors such as the processing capability of the host and peripheral devices, file attributes, and other factors related to system configuration and operating environments, the actual data transfer rate will be slower than 5 Gbit/s on USB 3.1 Gen 1 (USB 3.0) connectors, slower than 10 Gbit/s on USB 3.1 Gen 2 connectors, and slower than 20Gbit/s on USB 3.2 connectors.
- Compatible with both 65W and 90W Lenovo ThinkPad machines (see product description for compatible Lenovo ThinkPad machines) that have the required bottom dock port
- Only Supports a dual monitor hook up with different connection types
- WARNINGS: (1) You must download the updated Lenovo firmware utility drivers for this item to function correctly (requires: Windows 10, 8.1, 8 and 7)
- (2) This product does not support Lenovo ThinkPad models with a Quad Core Processor
- (3) This product does not support ThinkPad T460p quad-core models with discrete graphics
- (4) NOT recommended for Lenovo ThinkPad machines with 170W AC adapters
Includes the following video ports: 1 DisplayPort, 1 DVI-D, and 1 VGA. For dual monitors, one monitor must be connected to VGA, the other can use either the DisplayPort or DVI-D port. The use of port converters (available separately) may allow support of other monitor connection types. Compatible with the following laptop models: L440, L450, L460, L470, L540, L560, P50s, T440, T440p, T440s, T450, T450s, T460, T460p, T460s ,T470 ,T540p ,T550 ,T560, T570 , W550s , X240 , X250, X260, X270. WARNING – YOU MUST DOWN LOAD THE LENOVO UPDATED FIRMWARE AND DRIVERS FOR THIS ITEM TO FUNCTION CORRECTLY. WARNING – Does not support models with a Quad Core Processor / Does not support ThinkPad T460p quad-core models with discrete graphics. Please use the ThinkPad Ultra Dock 170W.
10. ThinkPad Thunderbolt 3 Workstation Dock Gen 2
- Max Number of External Monitors: 3, including TBT Monitor.
- Video Ports: 2x DisplayPort, 2x HDMI, 1x Thunderbolt 3 DownStream (video/data).
- USB Ports: 5x USB 3. 1 Gen 2 (1 provide always-on mobile device charging).
- Item Dimensions: 1. 18 x 8. 66 x 3. 15 inches. Weight: 1. 16 Lbs.
- What’s in the Box: ThinkPad Thunderbolt 3 Workstation Dock Gen 2, ThinkPad 230W Power Adapter and Power Cord, Thunderbolt Split Cable (5C10V25713), Slim Tip Y-Cable (5C10V25716), Setup Guide and User Guide.
Unlock more ways to be productive with the new generation of workstation dock. The ThinkPad Thunderbolt 3 Workstation Dock Gen 2 turns your ThinkPad Mobile Workstation into a productivity powerhouse, adding support for multi 4K displays, optimized one cable charging, a slew of expansion ports, and advanced network manageability features.
By our suggestions above, we hope that you can found Lenovo Displaylink Monitor for you.Please don’t forget to share your experience by comment in this post. Thank you!


Rugged 7inch Tablet computer designed for outdoor applications. Device is designed for harshest possible environment with ingress protection rating IP67. Device is impact resistant with TPE over moulding and successfully tested for 1.5m free falls. Device operates under extreme temperatures between -20 to 60 Deg. Cel. Considerations are taken for ease of outdoor operations, serviceability and maintenance.
Device is built with various features to help perform varied tasks Viz.
- Main Camera: 8MP with LED flash
- Front Camera: 2MP
- Sensors: 3-Axis Gyroscope, Accelerometer and e-Compass
- WWAN: 4G-LTE / 3G / 2G
- Wireless LAN: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n
- Wired LAN: Ethernet
- NFC (near Field Communication)
- Four configurable function keys


The white paper mentions using existing key management systems, like IBM's EKM (Enterprise Key Management) system, with storage systems that include Seagate FDE hard disks
The FDE encrypts the hard disk data using an AES-128 encryption key (NIST's Advanced Encryption Standard), and stores the only copy of this encryption key on the hard disk in encrypted form. To decrypt the encryption key, you need an 'authentication key'. The FDE also stores a cryptographic hash of the authentication key, which is used to verify whether the user entered the correct authentication key.
The beauty of this setup is that it is possible to perform a fast secure-erase of the hard disk by simply erasing the encrypted encryption key. Also, if an attacker was able to open the hard disk or compromise the firmware, the only available information is the encrypted encryption key and the hash of the authentication key. Without the authentication key, it is impossible to get any data off the hard disk.
There are a few caveats here, however:
- In the absence of a key management server, the authentication key is likely a password entered by the user, which makes the strength of the encryption only as strong as the weaker of the entropy of the password (which is typically very low) or the physical security of the hard disk (which is unknown). If someone is able to comprise the firmware of the FDE hard disk to reveal the hashed authentication key or encrypted encryption key, then it becomes possible to launch an off-line dictionary attack against likely passwords, making it possible to decrypt the data.
- Neither the white paper nor any other source I've seen describes the AES encryption mode used for protecting the data and the encryption key in the FDE. Just using AES-128 is not sufficient to ensure a high-level of security -- you need to use AES in a secure mode of operation. For example, using AES in Electronic Code Book (ECB) mode is notorious for leaking a significant amount of data -- see an example of Tux (the Linux penguin) encrypted using ECB as compared to other modes. I'm not saying that Seagate is using a bad mode of operation -- it's just that we don't know.
- The white paper mentions P1619.3 even though the standard is still in relatively early stages. On the one hand, I like seeing publicity for P1619.3, but on the other it's hard to say exactly how it will look in the end. It may not be what we expect.