You may be well aware of the importance of visible light for making observations in the geosciences. For example, the color of minerals and rocks can help us identify them (although it is not always the best identifier!). Color is determined by the relative absorbance or reflection of different wavelengths of visible light.
For example, a gem-quality emerald is a deep green color. This is because it is reflecting the green wavelengths of light to our eyes, and is absorbing the other visible wavelengths of light. Emerald is the mineral beryl, but it is trace Cr3+ in the mineral structure that causes the green color.
Visible light represents a small range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Even though no human can see beyond the visible range, we can still use technology to “see” the electromagnetic spectrum beyond anyone’s reach.
The electromagnetic energy we cannot see (but can detect with instrumentation) can be used to study the chemical composition of materials, can detect the vibrations of molecules and minerals, and can see the structure of solid materials, among other things.
This chapter provides a practical basis for applying knowledge of electromagnetic energy to optical microscopy.
Students should be able to:
- Describe the categories of electromagnetic energy within the electromagnetic spectrum, and be able to place these categories relative to each other in wavelength and energy.
- Describe the wavelengths of visible light and name a color for a given wavelength range.
- Convert wavelengths of electromagnetic energy between commonly used units (meters, micrometers, nanometers, Angstroms).
- Describe the ways in which electromagnetic energy can behave when it interacts with an object.
- Define characteristics of light, including the speed of light, wave front, and light ray.
- Define refractive index.
- Differentiate between the electric and magnetic components of light.
- Use the electric (E) vector of light to describe the behavior of plane polarized light.
- Explain how the double slit experiment demonstrates wave-particle duality at the quantum scale.
- Describe the relationships between energy, wavelength, frequency, and wavenumber with the help of Planck’s equation.
- Convert wavelengths of electromagnetic energy between commonly used units.
- Convert the wavelength of electromagnetic energy to wavenumbers (cm-1), a commonly used unit in infrared and Raman spectroscopy.


Picking the right home security system can be confusing.
Consider all the questions. Which brand is better? Should I use a professional installer? Are all home security apps the same? What’s the best security company? There’s a lot to discover.
To save you time, and to help you get the most protection, we’ve narrowed things down to seven essential questions to ask when evaluating security systems.
1. Is it professionally monitored?
Professional monitoring is the gold standard of home security. If there’s a break-in or fire at home, a professionally monitored security system sends an emergency signal to a 24-7 monitoring station, where a trained security professional is on hand to contact you, and then alert your local law enforcement or fire department. There is no effective substitute for this service. The bottom line is that is saves lives. You might miss a smartphone alert or be directly involved in the emergency. In that case, your priority is getting everyone to safety.
2. Will it withstand a smart burglar disabling it?
Not all security products are engineered equally. To ensure you don’t entrust your safety to a security system that can be disabled with a hand tool, make sure it has:
Crash and Smash protection. A common burglary tactic is to smash a home’s security panel to prevent it sending an emergency signal to the monitoring station. Alarm.com’s technology can recognize a crash and smash attack, and signal your monitoring station regardless.
Dedicated cellular connection. This type of signaling technology doesn’t depend on your home’s internet or phone line, and so it can’t be disabled by intruders. All our security panels have a dedicated cellular connection with battery backup- so they aren’t affected by power outages.
3. How many sensors does it come with?
Contact sensors are home security essentials; small devices that detect the opening and closing of doors, windows, drawers and more. Some security systems come with as little as two contact sensors, which is a problem because burglars don’t just use the front and back door.
Our security professionals will work with you to determine how many contact sensors your home needs, and provide them as part of the package. The average Alarm.com-powered home has ten security sensors or devices.
4. What else will this system protect you from?
The best security systems can protect your home from far more than a burglar.
Alarm.com’s proactive safeguards can detect and respond to dangers like fire, carbon monoxide and water leaks. They can also save you time and money, tackling problems like energy waste, lost keys and package deliveries. They can even alert you when there’s unexpected activity around your house, such as your kids getting into forbidden areas.
These features are all working 24/7, even when the system is disarmed. This gives you the ability to respond to dangers quickly. This gives you more value in the long run.
5. What happens if something stops working?
The most important thing about a security system is that it has to work when you need it. When you diy a security or smart home setup, what happens when a device or component of the system needs professional attention?
With our systems, help is always at hand. With advanced training, and online diagnostic tools, we can quickly troubleshoot your system. Many issues can be fixed remotely; other fixes can be carried out by a visiting technician. We will work quickly to make sure your system is always working when you need it.
We also partner with the most forward thinking companies to provide you service. This means that your technology will evolve and increase in capability as time goes on with regularly rolled out updates and new features. Other systems will go obsolete in just a few years. Once again, more value in the long run.
6. Does it include smart home devices?
Smart home technology is the home improvement trend that’s here to stay. The right security system will set you up with everything you need for a smart home. We carry a wide range of smart devices that will increase the value of your system. Smart locks, smart thermostats, connected video cameras, smart lights, video doorbell, connected garage door openers and more are all controlled with a single app. Because these smart devices are integrated with your security devices, the automation possibilities are almost endless.
7. Is this security system powered by Alarm.com?
We believe that Alarm.com is the premier home security system and we are proud to install it. From proactive safeguards and reliable equipment, to connected cameras and fully integrated smart devices (lights, locks, thermostats), Alarm.com provides the total package for whatever your security needs are.
Are you ready to gain total protection and peace of mind?


We are Dealer, Distributor, Supplier of our product range. Our setup is situated in Pune, Maharashtra, India
Intraders has been dealing with Vibration Isolation products & solutions since 2007. We are authorised distributor of Fabreeka Inc. in India. Fabreeka International has been a leader in the field of shock and vibration control since 1936. Fabreeka provides vibration isolation and shock control solutions for industries worldwide. Fabreeka solutions in low frequency applications with following product range & also custom/OEM solutions in specific cases have been adopted by industry leaders for their precision products. Low frequency vibration and shock can affect the accuracy, repeatability and throughput of precision measuring, positioning and manufacturing equipment.


Bosskey AV800 is advanced soldering station integrated with Hot air desoldering station and a suction tin soldering station.
1. Three stations can be used independently.
2. Each other interference.
3. Integrated contracted style designs.
4. Saves space.
5. Large LCD display.
6. Variety of information at a glance.
1. The MCU control with high precision, three tools channel synchronous detection, can be used independently.
2. The use of high definition LCD with backlit LCD screen, visual process control, continent for user operation.
3. The software automatically set temperature, more accurate and more convenient.
4. Capable fault display alarm.
5. Product with dormancy, buzzer and temperature locking, restore factory setting and functions.
1. Soldering station with silver alloy thermal conductive materials and thermal conduction mode, high-speed back temperature, only take 10 seconds to boot from greenhouse to 350C.
2. Soldering tip and heater fission design, save cost.
3. The sensor front, high precision temperature control, temperature stability is excellent.
4. Soldering iron is light, comfortable to use.
Suction tin soldering station :
1. Vacuum soldering machine heater with 36 vac output low voltage power supply and the main power supply is transformer isolation, safe and reliable.
2. The built-in vacuum pump, the suction is strong.
Hot air Desoldering station :
1. Intelligent cooling system, automatic shutdown can delay supply, greatly prolong the service life of heater and the handle.
2. Adopt a spiral heater, longer service life.
3. Heat gun handle parts, blow out the air volume is more even and not easy to damage, easy to maintain and store.
Model: Bosskey AV 800
Input : Voltage 220V AC 10% 50/60HZ
Machine Power: 800W (Max)


Businesses are constantly altering the way they operate as new technology is introduced and implemented, and in turn, changes the expectations of consumers all over the world. As a result, industries are rapidly evolving to meet these new consumer demands, incorporating technologies where possible to ensure an unrivalled customer experience remains at the forefront of modern capabilities – and the hotel industry is no different.
That’s why today, we’re taking a closer look at the reasons why you should be considering making the move to becoming a smart hotel – the pinnacle of contemporary and technological hotel design.
New levels of personalisation
Personalisation offers hotel owners the unique opportunity to provide a tailored experience to their guests, and with an estimated 55 billion IoT (Internet of Things) devices due to hit the market by 2025, the capability to provide a personalised experience will only increase in the upcoming years.
The smart hotels of today are already well on their way to offering this unique element of personalisation, with existing IoT technology enabling subtle tailoring such as TVs that can address guests by their names, and a central control point that allows guests to set specific conditions throughout their room. Through the addition of smart TVs and speakers, guests can access their own accounts on popular streaming services such as Amazon Prime, Netflix and Spotify, turning their hotel room from a place to get their head down to a home away from home.
As the public consensus continues to shift in favour of an increased focus on environmentalism, sustainability has become a vital consideration for businesses across the globe.
Smart hotels enable a far greater response to sustainability through automated IoT devices that can aid energy saving. With clever technologies enabling the ability to adjust the power of a bulb depending on the levels of pre-existing natural light in the room, for example, incorporating smart energy devices into your rooms will help do your bit for the planet to the benefit of both your brand image and long-term profitability.
Extensive data access
As long as you’re transparent and adhere to data protection laws, your smart devices can assist you in collecting a whole range of data on your customers to help you better the experience for both them and future guests.
You’d be surprised at what basic usage data can tell you about your consumer base – so, look to collect simple data like popular TV channels and radio stations to enable you to subtly improve the overall guest experience.
Ease of maintenance
One of the biggest advantages of IoT technology is the ability to pre-empt maintenance requirements.
Comprehensive overviews of performance information and operational data enables staff to ensure every aspect of the hotel is functioning at its best. When a problem inevitability occurs, staff can immediately be notified, minimising customer complaints and improving the overall hotel experience.
The benefits of smart hotels really speak for themselves, and as technology continues to evolve at a rapid rate, the capabilities and advantages of this hotel design will only expand. From creating a unique and memorable guest experience to increasing long-term profitability of your hotel business, it’s easy to see why smart hotels are becoming more and more popular.
Author bio: Elizabeth Raw works for R+R Packaging, providers of biodegradable and eco-friendly packaging materials for businesses within a wide variety of industries.


Texas Lone Star STEM
Getting Started in the Lone Star STEM Programming
Between 2017 and 2027, STEM jobs in Texas are expected to increase by 20%, with careers in computing, engineering, and advanced manufacturing leading the way (Emsi, 2017). However, only about 26% of Texans were awarded certificates and degrees in STEM fields (US Department of Education). Additionally, according to the U.S. Department of Education, while the number of males in Texas earning computing degrees and certificates has almost doubled, the rate of females earning the same qualifications has remained relatively stagnant, thus widening the gender gap for this field. There has also been little movement in the percentage of underrepresented minorities in Texas earning engineering degrees and certificates.
In order to meet the current and growing statewide demand for STEM knowledge and skills, as well as address widening gaps in equity and access to STEM education, the TEA is partnering with Jobs for the Future (JFF) and the University of Texas Center for STEM Education (UTCSE) to use a United States Department of Education Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (OESE) Education Innovation and Research (EIR) grant.
This grant supports the development and/or expansion of College and Career Readiness School Models (CCRSMs) that focus on developing or expanding STEM pathways in computer science or cybersecurity. In addition to the creation or expansion of a computer science and cybersecurity pathway, the grant may also support the expansion of an existing engineering pathway.
Timeline for the Lone Star STEM Grant:
Lone Star STEM Academies are committing to launch or expand a CCRSM with a STEM pathway in computer science, cybersecurity, and/or engineering. The TEA will have two cohorts that will pilot the STEM Framework and methodology the TEA is developing.
Cohort 1 Planning Year 19-20, Implementation 20-21, Continuation 21-22
Cohort 2 Planning Year 20-21, Implementation 21-22, Continuation 22-23
*Cohort 2 applications will be available in the spring. Notification will go out through TAA and STEM newsletter.
STEM Education Tools being Piloted in the Lone Star STEM Grant
The Texas Education Agency has developed tools to assist districts in developing a local STEM program that is aligned to the high-quality indicators identified by the state. The STEM tools are designed to help a district identify areas of need, identify the STEM model that best aligns with programming, help develop the structure and program design, and how to sustain programming long term.
Purpose of the tool: The High-Quality STEM Model Identification Guide is one of the four tools designed to help leadership plan their STEM program with the indicators of a high-quality. The High-Quality STEM Model Identification Guide will assist districts in identifying the STEM model that best aligns with their current STEM programming and to set goals toward their targeted STEM model of implementation. After completing the rubric, districts will complete the scorecard and identify their strengths in STEM and opportunities for growth. This tool can be used to gather baseline data for a campus, and the districts can use this tool yearly to reevaluate their progress toward their targeted model.
Purpose of the tool: The Pre-K-20 STEM Education Program Planning Guide is one of the three tools designed to help schools plan their STEM program with the indicators of a high-quality STEM program. The planning document will help leadership break down each indicator, by providing guiding questions to help facilitate discussions with the district/campus design team and assists with setting goals for the program. The planning document should be filled out by a district/campus leadership team including your STEM stakeholders. The Program Planning Guide can be used to develop a new program or growing an existing program.
Purpose of the tool: The ability to sustain a program over time is an important aspect of STEM Education development and implementation. It is important to have structures in place at the beginning of an initiative to ensure that the initiative can be sustained after the initial implementation or as keystone people transition in and out of the organization. Therefore, this template provides a framework of structural components needed for program sustainability. The STEM Sustainability Tool can assist a school and/or district in identifying appropriate sustainability component assets and/or needs.


imageRUNNER ADVANCE 4225 NEW
- Simplicity. Advanced.
- Enhance document workflow, secure confidential information and reduce impact on the environment. The imageRUNNER ADVANCE 4225 is an intelligent monochrome multifunctional device that lets businesses do all that and more.
- Direct USB support for print and scan
- Output speed: 25ppm (mono)
- Multi-function network device: copy, print, scan with send capability
- Cloud connectivity


The New Remote Volume Control is the result of 18 months of design work for achieving a remote/stepped attenuator. Their goal, according to chief designer Kara Chaffee, was “to equal the Goldpoint mechanical attenuator -- just automate it -- so the design parameters were to keep the simple "shunt" style attenuator circuit, and also keep the design using discrete old-fashioned resistors. The shunt styled circuit has the advantage of a single series resistor --hardwired into the audio circuit, and all you do is to vary the "shunting" resistor that goes to ground. Most common stepped attenuators are series wired, such that many resistors are in the audio path at the same time.
So we decided to create a shunt system that was remote-able without compromising the sound. Now, I did not expect this new design to beat the manual attenuator -- since it is really the same critter, just done with relays - -my only explanation is that perhaps our relays with the silver contacts overlaid with gold, are the answer? One interesting footnote is that the life rating on the relays is 100,000,000 operations, where few mechanical switches are rated beyond 50,000 operations.”
Stepped Attenuator Assembled and Tested WITHOUT remote control... now $395.00
With Remote Control... now $495.00


Wireless internet is everywhere now, from our homes and workplaces to the local takeaway and even on buses. If you’re finding at home that your Wi-Fi isn’t quite up to scratch, it keeps cutting out when you’re in bed, won’t quite reach that far corner of the garden for playing music at barbecues or struggles when a few devices are using it, don’t worry. There are a variety of easy ways to improve and extend your Wi-Fi.
Get Two Routers
There’s some debate about the impact of having two routers, but if you have a big house it’s possible to use two or more. You need to make sure both routers are on the same network first, but otherwise there are various benefits to having two routers:
- Support more devices
- Improved wireless reach to accommodate far away devices
- Enables network isolation
Make sure you place the second router in the optimal position to extend your Wi-Fi. Plus, it can provide support for more wired devices as well.
Use an Ethernet Cable
Having more devices use a wired ethernet cable to connect to the internet has two benefits. Firstly, it means that those devices get the fastest, most reliable connection. Secondly, all the other devices relying on Wi-Fi get a boost as there are now fewer laptops, phones, tablets and more using it. Keep it tidy by using some cable ties from RS Components in your home.
Add Wi-Fi Range Extenders
An easy way to quickly improve the reach of Wi-Fi in your home is to invest in a Wi-Fi range extender. There are a wide variety of these available that take just a few minutes to install and can provide full coverage to your home. Place the extender at a midpoint between your router and the dead zone for best results.
Update Your Router
Sometimes a simple update can work wonders. Manufacturers are always tweaking software to improve performance and speed, so it’s worth checking this first. How easy it is to update your router will depend on the manufacturer and model. Alternatively, adding an extra antenna to your router can extend its range.
Buy a New One
Finally, sometimes routers just grow old and tired and are surpassed by modern ones. When this is the case it’s a lot easier to just buy a new router, which will provide a much greater Wi-Fi reach, rather than attempting to improve your existing one.
Hopefully one of these ideas will help extend your Wi-Fi in your home.
Mahesh Charjan is tech enthusiast from Pune. He loves blogging about technology & gadgets. He has been into blogging from past 5 yrs & really enjoys blogging.


Revolutionizing Termite Control: Innovative Technologies Unleashed
Termites, while small, can cause significant damage. Embracing innovative termite control technologies not only addresses infestations effectively but also contributes to a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Explore the cutting-edge solutions shaping the future of termite management.
1. The Ongoing Battle Against Termites
Termites are relentless in their quest for wood, causing billions in structural damage annually. As traditional methods have limitations, the integration of innovative technologies marks a paradigm shift in the battle against these silent invaders.
2. Advanced Termite Detection Systems
Innovative termite control begins with advanced detection systems. Devices utilizing radar, thermal imaging, and acoustic sensors can pinpoint termite activity, allowing for precise identification of infested areas without invasive measures.
3. IoT-Based Monitoring Solutions
The Internet of Things (IoT) has found its way into termite control. IoT-based monitoring solutions use connected sensors to provide real-time data on termite activity. This proactive approach enables timely intervention and reduces the risk of extensive damage.
4. Smart Baits and Baiting Systems
Innovative baiting systems leverage smart technology to attract termites. These baits, equipped with sensors, collect data on termite behavior. Once activity is detected, the system can dispense eco-friendly termiticides precisely, minimizing environmental impact.
5. Electromagnetic Termite Barriers
Electromagnetic termite barriers create a protective shield around structures. These barriers emit low-frequency electromagnetic pulses that disturb termite navigation, deterring them from approaching buildings. This non-intrusive method serves as a preventative measure.
6. Nanotechnology in Termite Control
Nanotechnology introduces microscopic solutions to termite control. Nanoparticles infused with termiticides penetrate termite colonies at a molecular level. This targeted approach enhances the effectiveness of treatments while minimizing the use of traditional chemical agents.
7. Genetic Modification for Termite Resistance
In the realm of agricultural innovation, genetic modification is now being explored for termite resistance in building materials. Researchers are working on creating genetically modified wood that naturally repels termites, offering a sustainable and long-term solution.
8. Heat Treatment for Termite Elimination
Heat treatment is an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fumigation. This innovative method raises the temperature within a structure to levels lethal to termites. It eliminates the need for chemical pesticides, making it a safe and effective option.
9. Drone Technology for Termite Inspections
Drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and thermal imaging capabilities are revolutionizing termite inspections. These aerial devices provide a bird’s-eye view of structures, enabling inspectors to identify potential termite infestations in hard-to-reach areas.
10. Collaborative Robotics in Termite Extermination
Collaborative robots, or cobots, are making their mark in termite extermination. These robots, working alongside human operators, can navigate through structures, applying treatments with precision. This collaborative approach enhances efficiency and minimizes human exposure to chemicals.
In conclusion, the landscape of termite control is undergoing a transformation with the integration of innovative technologies. From advanced detection systems and smart baits to nanotechnology and genetic modification, these solutions are reshaping how we protect structures from termite damage. Embracing these innovations not only enhances the effectiveness of termite control but also promotes a sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to building protection. As we step into a future where technology converges with pest management, the battle against termites is becoming smarter, more precise, and ultimately more harmonious.


A simple application that will make of your phone alarm for a car. Alarm system will send you an SMS(or call) with the coordinates of the machine if the fixes for a blow to the body, the noise in the cabin or the movement of the machine. In the new version added support for temperature sensors, and light. Which is triggered on exceeding the set temperature threshold (from 5 degrees) and the rapid changes in light intensity.Do you have an old phone? Give him the chance of a new life!Install this application on your phone and you will get a car alarm. In what will be the next features:-shock sensor to the body,-sensor noise in the cabin,-an acceleration sensor, which allows to fix the movement of the machine,- temperature sensor,- light sensor,-notice of coordinates of the machine in case of moving,-the opportunity to hear what is happening in the cabin during an alarm.
Install the application. Run. Call from the "main" phone (according to the instructions on the screen). And set in the car, preferably tightly clutching a plastic or metal housing.This is sufficient for use, but there are many settings.
The application can be used as an alarm system for your phone or tablet. Also, there are plenty of other options for alerts, you can:- attach the phone to the door,- put in a drawer,- etc.
Light sensor and temperature sensor have is not on all devices.Light sensor on many devices only works when the screen (the screen can be configured so).
1. The application sends an SMS message to the number of your "main" phone. For sending SMS can be charged according to the tariff of your mobile operator.2. Set up a program to fit your phone and your conditions of use. To avoid false alarms, and sending a large number of SMS.3. When you make a call beep disabled.


jobslist.co : Today's work recruitment is quite competing, that may be why should you work prudently and it's not a tricky thing to do. jobslist.co gives you opportunity to get it done so that you could make the best conclusion inside better technique to acquire swift and much better consequence. This way you will get better probability along with more secure reside in the future. SpaceX is amongst the corporations you can rely on to offer your household suitable as well as much better live later on. Getting started with the corporation can make people competent to achieve your current objective much easier along with make your own dream be realized.
To produce the corporation eye-sight along with vision happens true; SpaceX is wide open intended for brand new location as Position as Sr. Satellite System Integration & Test Engineer Companies SpaceX in Redmond, WA 98052 in January 2018 in Redmond, WA 98052 begin from January 2018. Everyone who's keen on stuffing this kind of nonincome producing, you should participate in this kind of Position as Sr. Satellite System Integration & Test Engineer Companies SpaceX in Redmond, WA 98052 in January 2018 January 2018 recruitment inside Redmond, WA 98052. It can be encouraged for those members to organize almost all essential specifications for this career recruitment method, since the process will need someone to offer ideal spec the business wishes just for this location. If you are that you will be one which can load the actual options, you can search you just read further information about Position as Sr. Satellite System Integration & Test Engineer Companies SpaceX in Redmond, WA 98052 in January 2018 January 2018 in Redmond, WA 98052 below..
Sr. Satellite System Integration & Test EngineerCompany SpaceX
Location Redmond, WA 98052
Update 9 Day ago
SR. SATELLITE SYSTEM INTEGRATION & TEST ENGINEER
As a system integration & test engineer, you will be responsible for defining and executing all satellite-level integration and test activity. You will help shape the satellite system architecture and vehicle design. You will lead mechanical and electrical integration operations on the flight satellite vehicles and flight hardware simulators. You will ensure the satellite vehicle is ready for flight through verification of design, integration, and configuration. You will develop the automation capabilities in the areas of both integration and test in order to bring the hardware from engineering to production.
Define requirements, perform cross-team technical trades, and select appropriate path forward always considering cost / technical / schedule.
Define system architecture.
Define acceptance criteria for the flight satellites.
Define and lead satellite integration and test activities.
Lead satellite system testbed architecture definition and cross-disciplinary trades.
Review test data, lead anomaly investigation and resolution, and verify system test coverage on flight or flight-representative hardware.
Create automation software to interact with ATEs, Unit Under Test, instrumentation, and production systems to implement test plan in a fast moving production environment.
Assist Design Engineers with Engineering Validation of designs, specification setting, and test line limits using statistical analysis of data and measurement uncertainty analysis.
Evangelize and drive Design for Test (DFT) best practices and Design for Manufacturing (DFM) with Design Engineers and Manufacturing Engineers.
Develop modular, reusable test architectures for manufacturing test and engineering design verification.
Partner with Engineering & Production teams to generate ideas, designs, and improvements for current and next-generation vehicles.
Coordinate integration plans, resource requirements, and facilities with system-level test engineering, technicians, and Launch Site Engineering.
This is considered a full product lifecycle of ownership, running from requirements definition to having qualified hardware on the vehicle ready to fly.
Undergraduate degree in electrical engineering or computer engineering.
5+ years of work experience.
Previous experience in data acquisition systems and hardware in the loop (HITL) simulation test systems.
2+ years of experience in a programing language such as C++, LabVIEW or Python.
PREFERRED SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE:
Highly experienced in writing integration procedures at both sub-system and vehicle level.
Experienced in leading electrical integration and test operations on rockets, satellites, planetary exploration spacecraft, ships, or aircraft
Established knowledge in performance and environmental testing plans for component / sub-system / vehicle level trades (Vibration, Temp cycling, T-Vac, EMC, etc).
Experienced with payloads (RF / Optical) - their assembly integration and test at a subsystem level, as well as integration and test at spacecraft level.
Experience developing manufacturing operations and building spacecraft / spacecraft subsystems, with ability to scale appropriately for volume production.
Hands-on experience with one or more of the following: launch vehicle or spacecraft integration; operations in 100,000 class or better clean rooms; test operations with gases/fluids; data acquisition setup and field measurements.
Experience with various manufacturing process developments, facility and line layouts, process failure mode effects analysis, and error proofing.
Extensive understanding of instrumentation, interfaces and sensors including DAQ, digital multimeters, power supplies, oscilloscopes, digital IO, Serial-422, switch technologies and topologies, RTDs, thermocouples, and 4-20mA sensors.
Extensive experience with Hardware-in-the-loop test equipment, ground support equipment, and automated test scripts.
3Dcad design experience (NX).
Knowledge of and experience in analog to digital and digital to analog converters, power supply components and design, analog testing/troubleshooting techniques, and signal integrity, layout and grounding principles
Passion for advancing the commercial space industry and human spaceflight.
Strong sense of accountability and integrity.
Ability to work in a fast paced, autonomously driven, and demanding start-up atmosphere.
Strong work ethic and drive to succeed.
Must be able to work all shifts and available for overtime and weekends as needed.
To conform to U.S. Government space technology export regulations, applicant must be a U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident of the U.S., protected individual as defined by 8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3), or eligible to obtain the required authorizations from the U.S. Department of State. Learn more about ITAR here .
SpaceX is an Equal Opportunity Employer; employment with SpaceX is governed on the basis of merit, competence and qualifications and will not be influenced in any manner by race, color, religion, gender, national origin/ethnicity, veteran status, disability status, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, mental or physical disability or any other legally protected status.
Applicants wishing to view a copy of SpaceX’s Affirmative Action Plan for veterans and individuals with disabilities, or applicants requiring reasonable accommodation to the application/interview process should notify the Human Resources Department at (310) 363-6000.


Jeffrey D. Ullman
(Professor, Stanford University)
Bio: Jeff Ullman is the Stanford W. Ascherman Professor of Engineering (Emeritus) in the Department of Computer Science at Stanford and CEO of Gradiance Corp. He received the B.S. degree from Columbia University in 1963 and the PhD from Princeton in 1966. Prior to his appointment at Stanford in 1979, he was a member of the technical staff of Bell Laboratories from 1966-1969, and on the faculty of Princeton University between 1969 and 1979. From 1990-1994, he was chair of the Stanford Computer Science Department. Ullman was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1989, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2012, the National Academy of Sciences in 2020, and has held Guggenheim and Einstein Fellowships. He has received the Sigmod Contributions Award (1996), the ACM Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award (1998), the Knuth Prize (2000), the Sigmod E. F. Codd Innovations award (2006), the IEEE von Neumann medal (2010), the NEC C&C Foundation Prize (2017), and the ACM A.M. Turing Award (2020). He is the author of 16 books, including books on database systems, data mining, compilers, automata theory, and algorithms.
Title of the Talk: Computational Complexity Theory for MapReduce
Abstract: MapReduce, as embodied in systems such as Hadoop and Spark, has proven to be an important tool for developing reliable, resilient, parallel software. But the mechanics of MapReduce require that we think differently about the cost of different algorithms to accomplish a given task. We shall give the elements of a useful algorithm-design theory that involves tradeoffs between the amount of data permitted at any one reducer ("reducer size") and the amount of communication from mappers to reducers ("replication rate"). We shall give the exact form of this tradeoff for several interesting problems, including "all-pairs" comparisons, and detecting strings that differ by one bit.
(Professor, University of California, Los Angeles)
Bio: Danijela Cabric is a Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of California, Los Angeles. She received M.S. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2001 and Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley in 2007, both in Electrical Engineering. In 2008, she joined UCLA as an Assistant Professor, where she heads Cognitive Reconfigurable Embedded Systems lab. Her current research projects include novel radio architectures, signal processing, communications, machine learning and networking techniques for spectrum sharing, 5G millimeter-wave, massive MIMO and IoT systems.
Prof. Cabric was a recipient of the Samueli Fellowship in 2008, the Okawa Foundation Research Grant in 2009, Hellman Fellowship in 2012, the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award in 2012, and the Qualcomm Faculty Award in 2020 and 2021. She is serving as an Associate editor for several IEEE journals and on the IEEE Signal Processing for Communications and Networking Technical Committee. She was the General Chair of IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC) in 2019 and IEEE Dynamic Spectrum Access (DySPAN) in 2021, and a Distinguished Lecturer for IEEE Communications Society from 2018 to 2019. Prof. Cabric is an IEEE Fellow.
Title of the Talk: Ultra-Low-Latency Millimeter Wave Networking using True-Time-Delay Array Architecture
Abstract: Future generations of millimeter wave networks (mmW-nets) will operate in the upper mmW frequency band where ≥ 10 GHz bandwidth can be used to meet the ever increasing demands. Their realization will demand addressing a completely new set of challenges including wider bandwidths, larger antenna array sizes, and higher cell density. These new system requirements demand fundamental rethinking of radio architectures, signal processing, and networking protocols. Major breakthroughs are required in radio front-end architectures to enable wideband mmW-nets, as most commonly adopted phased antenna array (PAA) based radios face many challenges in achieving fast beam acquisition, interference suppression and wideband data communication. This talk will present the potential of true-time-delay (TTD) based array architecture for wideband mmW-nets for low latency initial beam training and data communication.
(Professor, Stanford University)
Bio: Stephen Boyd is the Samsung Professor of Engineering, and Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, with courtesy appointments in Computer Science and Management Science and Engineering. He received the A.B. degree in Mathematics from Harvard University in 1980, and the Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1985, before joining the faculty at Stanford. His current research focus is on convex optimization applications in control, signal processing, machine learning, finance, and circuit design. He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering, a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and a foreign member of the National Academy of Korea.
Title of the Talk: Convex Optimization
Abstract: Convex optimization has emerged as a useful tool for applications that include data analysis and model fitting, resource allocation, engineering design, network design and optimization, finance, and control and signal processing. After an overview of the mathematics, algorithms, and software frameworks for convex optimization, we turn to common themes that arise across applications, such as sparsity and relaxation. We describe recent work on real-time embedded convex optimization, in which small problems are solved repeatedly in millisecond or microsecond time frames.
(Professor, Oxford University)
Bio: Dr. Elkind joined the Oxford Computer Science Department in 2013. Prior to coming to Oxford she was an Assistant Professor at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), where her research was supported by the National Research foundation (NRF) Fellowship. Dr. Elkind obtained her PhD from Princeton University in 2005, and was a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Warwick, University of Liverpool and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as well as a lecturer (Roberts Fellow) at University of Southampton.
Title of the Talk: United for Change: Deliberative Coalition Formation to Change the Status Quo
Abstract: We study a setting in which a community wishes to identify a strongly supported proposal from a space of alternatives, in order to change the status quo. We describe a deliberation process in which agents dynamically form coalitions around proposals that they prefer over the status quo. We formulate conditions on the space of proposals and on the ways in which coalitions are formed that guarantee deliberation to succeed, that is, to terminate by identifying a proposal with the largest possible support. Our results provide theoretical foundations for the analysis of deliberative processes, in particular in systems for democratic deliberation support, such as, for instance, LiquidFeedback or Polis.
(Professor, University of Virginia)
Bio: Dr. Fox received a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from Cambridge University, where he was Senior Wrangler. He is now a Professor in the Biocomplexity Institute & Initiative and Computer Science Department at the University of Virginia. He previously held positions at Caltech, Syracuse University, Florida State University, and Indiana University. after being a postdoc at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and Peterhouse College Cambridge. He has supervised the Ph.D. of 75 students. He has an hindex of 86 with over 41,000 citations. He received the High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing (HPDC) Achievement Award and the ACM - IEEE CS Ken Kennedy Award for Foundational contributions to parallel computing in 2019. He is a Fellow of APS (Physics) and ACM (Computing) and works on the interdisciplinary interface between computing and applications. He is currently active in the Industry consortium MLCommons/MLPerf.
Title of the Talk: AI for Science illustrated by Deep Learning for Geospatial Time Series
Abstract: AI is expected to transform both science and the approach to science. As an example, we take the use of deep learning to describe geospatial time series. We present a general approach building on previous work on recurrent neural networks and transformers. We give three examples of so-called spatial bags from earthquake nowcasting, medical time series, and particle dynamics and focus on the earthquake case. The latter is presented as an MLCommons benchmark challenge with three different implementations: a pure recurrent network, a Spatio-temporal science transformer, and a version of the Google Temporal Fusion Transformer. We discuss how deep learning is used to both clean up the inputs and describe hidden dynamics. We show that both data engineering (wrangling data into desired input format) and data science (the deep learning training/inference) are needed and comment on achieving high performance in both. We briefly speculate how such particular examples can drive broad progress in AI for science.
(Professor, Cornell University)
Bio: Ken Birman joined Cornell after receiving his Ph.D. degree from U.C. Berkeley in Computer Science. He currently holds the N. Rama Rao Chair in Computer Science. A researcher in distributed systems, Professor Birman focuses on high assurance applications. His past work was used in settings that include the New York Stock Exchange, French Air Traffic Control System and US Navy AEGIS. More recent systems transitioned to companies like IBM, Microsoft, Cisco, and Amazon. Professor Birman has been the Editor in Chief of the ACM Transactions on Computer Systems and has chaired or participated in program committees for numerous conferences. He has also run a number of studies on behalf of the Air Force, NSF, DARPA and DOE, aimed at understanding how best to exploit cloud computing in sensitive settings. At present Professor Birman is working on a new software platform for reliable cloud computing to support use of machine-learning in cloud computing environments that track sensor data and need to take actions under tight time pressure. One concrete example involves managing the smart power grid, a topic he is exploring in collaboration with the New England ISO, the New York Power Authority, and the New York ISO. He has several recent publications on this work, and one of the main components, a system he calls Derecho, is available on GitHub.com for open-source download. Beyond the smart power grid, Derecho has applications to other kinds of smart infrastructures (such as highways, homes, cities), and can be used to create cloud storage infrastructures that use machine intelligence to decide what to store, how to preprocess it, and what forms of indexing to run now in anticipation of future requests.
Professor Birman is a member of the Computer Science graduate field, and plays an active role in advising Cornell NYC Tech post-docs through the Jacobs' Institute's Runway program.
Title of the Talk: Cascade: Ultra-fast Edge Computing for Intelligent IoT
Abstract: Cascade is a new open-source computing platform designed to host AI or ML software close to cameras, other sensors and actuators, in settings where it is important to obtain ultra-low latencies and very high data rates. While preserving a standard programming model, Cascade maps data movement and computing to accelerators such as RDMA or 5G networking, NMVe memory and leverages GPU when available. Cascade is dramatically faster than widely popular platforms such as Spark and Apache Flink, and yet just as easy to use – indeed, code from those platforms can often be ported to run on Cascade with little or no change.
Alyssa B. Apsel
(Professor, Cornell University)
Bio: Alyssa Apsel received the B.S. from Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, in 1995 and the Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, in 2002. She joined Cornell University in 2002, where she is currently a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. She is also a Visiting Professor at Imperial College in London working on RF interfaces for implantable electronics. Apsel became the Director of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Cornell in July 2018.
She has authored or coauthored over 100 refereed publications in related fields of RF mixed-signal circuit design, ultra-low power radio, photonic integration with VLSI, and circuit design techniques in the presence of variation resulting in five patents and several pending patent applications. Apsel is also a Distinguished Lecturer for IEEE CAS Society for 2018-2019.
Brian A. Barsky
(Professor, University of California, Berkeley)
Bio: Brian A. Barsky is Professor of the Graduate School at the University of California, Berkeley where he is a Warren and Marjorie Minner Faculty Fellow in Engineering Ethics and Professional/ Social Responsibility. Prof. Barsky has faculty affiliations in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (EECS), Optometry, Vision Science, Bioengineering, the Berkeley Institute of Design (BID), the Berkeley Center for New Media (BCNM), the Arts Research Center (ARC), and the Berkeley Canadian Studies Program. He attended McGill University in Montréal, where he received a D.C.S. in engineering and a B.Sc. in mathematics and computer science. He studied computer graphics and computer science at Cornell University in Ithaca, where he earned an M.S. degree. His Ph.D. degree is in computer science from the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. His research interests include computational photography, contact lens design, computer methods for optometry and ophthalmology, image synthesis, computer aided geometric design and modeling, CAD/CAM/CIM, interactive and realistic three-dimensional computer graphics, visualization in scientific computing, computer aided cornea modeling and visualization, medical imaging, vision correcting displays, and virtual environments for surgical simulation.
Title of the Talk:
How Prioritizing Profits over Safety Created the Deadly Boeing 737 MAX and its Ill-Conceived Automated Software
Abstract: The Boeing 737 MAX airplane crashed twice with no survivors within two years of its first commercial flight. It was grounded worldwide for 19 months in the U.S. and remains prohibited from flying in the airspace in some countries. Examination of the many factors that led to these disastrous consequences illuminates disquieting ethical issues of corporate behavior and lack of government oversight. There is a complex web of concerns involved. At the heart of the tragedy is an ill-conceived automated computer software approach to a flawed aerodynamic design. Prof. Barsky became involved in this topic when his friend’s granddaughter was killed in the second crash. He met with the head of the Aviation Accident Investigation Sub-Committee of the National Transportation Safety Committee of Indonesia in Jakarta to obtain first-hand the details of the first crash. He was featured prominently in a recent Smithsonian documentary shown in the U.S. and U.K. His full-page op-ed in the Globe and Mail was discussed in the Parliament of Canada. In this talk, Prof. Barsky will elucidate how these tragedies were the consequence of a corporation prioritizing profits over safety as well as of regulatory capture of the government agency which was derelict in its duty to protect the flying public.
(Vice President of Data Science, Outreach)
Bio: Pavel Dmitriev is a Vice President of Data Science at Outreach - the leading engagement and intelligence platform, where he works on enabling data driven decision making in Sales through experimentation and machine learning. He was previously a Principal Data Scientist with Microsoft's Analysis and Experimentation team, where he worked on scaling experimentation in Bing, Skype, and Windows OS. His work was presented at a number of international conferences such as KDD, ICSE, WWW, CIKM, BigData, and SEAA. Pavel received a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Cornell University and a B.S. degree in Applied Mathematics from Moscow State University.
Title for the Talk: A/B Testing A.I.
Abstract: A.I. systems are complex. They are trained on massive datasets and adapt their behavior on the fly. Their real impact on users is often unclear until the system is deployed in the real world. In this sense, the field of A.I. is similar to medicine, where the impact of a drug is not known until it is tested on real people. Yet, while in medicine FDA demands that every drug undergoes a rigorous evaluation via a randomized clinical trial, most A.I. practitioners employ very weak evaluation procedures that rely on offline metrics such as precision, recall, AUC, etc.
In this talk, I will discuss issues resulting from this lack of rigor, and show how A/B testing can help detect bias, catch performance issues, obtain deeper insights, and ensure better user experience when developing and deploying A.I. systems. I will share examples, pitfalls and lessons learned from over a decade of my experience of applying A/B testing to evaluate A.I. systems at Outreach and Microsoft. These lessons will help anyone who wants to apply A/B testing to A.I. scenarios do it correctly and maximize their learnings.
(Senior Applied Researcher, eBay)
Bio: Djordje Gligorijevic is a senior applied researcher at eBay working on a range of problems including large-scale machine learning and data mining, structured regression, extreme multi-Label classification, natural language processing, analysis of big data from heterogeneous sources, and integration of qualitative knowledge. Applications of Djordje's work span domains such as computational healthcare and medicine, computational advertising, sponsored search, and bidding landscape prediction. He received B.Sc. degree in information systems from University of Belgrade, Serbia, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree in computer and information sciences from Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, in 2018. His professional experience also includes working as academic researcher for IQVIA and as research scientist at Yahoo! Research.
Title of Talk: Deep Learning Methods for Modeling User Behavior in Display Advertising
Abstract: Digital media companies typically collect rich data in the form of sequences of online user activities. Such data is used in various applications, involving tasks ranging from click or conversion prediction to recommendation or user segmentation. Nonetheless, each application depends upon specialized feature engineering that requires a lot of effort and typically disregards the time-varying nature of the online user behavior and heterogeneity of data collected from diverse sources. In this talk, we will discuss advances in modeling deep representations of users’ online activities through time-preserving and noise annealing techniques. These techniques, readily accessible for many problem formulations and seamlessly applicable to desired tasks, sidestep the burden of task-driven feature engineering. Conducted experiments both on public and private data show their effectiveness on a range of tasks from conversion prediction to targeting efforts within a major advertising company.
(Senior Research Engineer, Google Core ML team)
Bio: Adel Ahmadyan is a senior research engineer at the Google Core ML team, where he is working on the research and development of leading on-device machine learning solutions. Adel specializes in real-time computer vision and has previously worked across the industry in computer vision teams at Google, Zillow, and Snap. He has published papers in several international conferences and journals such as CVPR, CDC, DAC, DATE, TCAD. Adel received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a B.S. and M.S. degree in Computer Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran.
|Full Paper Submission:||15th January 2023|
|Acceptance Notification:||1st February 2023|
|Final Paper Submission:||15th February
|Early Bird Registration:||15th February 2023|
|Presentation Submission:||17th February 2023|
|Conference:||8 - 11 March 2023|
• Conference Proceedings will be submitted for publication at IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
• Best Paper Award will be given for each track
• Conference Record No- 54503


Ever had the feeling that some films would just look better on the big screen than on DVD? Well projectors aren’t just for classrooms and offices you know. With the PHILIPS PPX2480 VGA PicoPix Projector you can create your own in home cinema. The original price of the projector was £259.99, giving you a huge saving of £80.00.
Watch your favorite videos and films in a 854 x 480 resolution in the comfort of your own home. The Philips PPX2480 PicoPix VGA Projector is portable, offering 2 hours of portable projection before you need to recharge the battery. With an HDMI and VGA inputs, you will be able to connect your own personal devices, displaying them to your friends and family.
The PPx2480 PicoPix Projector includes: Remote Control, Composite Audio/Video adapter, Ac Adapter, VGA cable, Mini USB Cable, Mini USB to USB Femaile Adapter, Carrying Case PLUS a 12 months manufacturers guarantee.
With 80 on charge and 55 on battery, the Phillips PicoPix PPX2480 Pic Projector will offer excellent display and contrast with its impressive wall color correction wherever you take it. Offering up to 2 hours of portable projection, this video projector gives you plenty of use before you need to recharge the battery, enhancing its flexibility. Impressively, the adaptability of the PPX2480 Projector stretches futher thanks to various projector modes, with front, rear, front ceiling, rear ceiling on offer.
Store & Go
The Philips PPX2480 Projector will make an excellent choice for any working professional, family or school, particularly with thank to its internal memory of 2GB, ideal utilizing MP4 playback.With HDMI and VGA output you can also connect other devices to the PPX2480 for added flexibility on the move.
“Amazing quality and value for money.” -Argos Reviews
There are several reviews of the Philips PicoPix PPX2480 if you would like to find out more – DigitalVersus PPX2480 Review


According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 75% of all jobs require training beyond high school.
How are you going to get there? What are your options?
If you are disciplined, detail-oriented, skilled at problem resolution and an effective communicator the Pitt-Titusville Computer Technology Associate Degree program is for you!
Why Does a Degree in Computer Technology Matter?
The world of computers and computer technology is changing so fast, that an associate's degree in computer technology is a good way to the get skills and training needed to enter the field. The Computer Technology program will serve as entry level access to a variety of professions or as prerequisites to baccalaureate programs.
What Societal Need Does it Fill?
In today’s world, almost every aspect of our daily social and business activities are technology driven. Over the years, technology has significantly changed the way people communicate. As more businesses and educational institutions use technology to communicate, society seems to have accepted, if not embraced, the increased role technology now plays in everyday life.
Is there a Demand in this Field of Study?
Yes!!!! Computer technology jobs are growing as more companies rely on technology for daily business and find that they need employees to help manage, develop, and implement software, hardware, and web designs. Jobs range from working with or developing software, to designing websites, to ensuring a company's data remains secure, and much more.
What Career Opportunities are Available?
An associate’s degree in computer technology may qualify a graduate to pursue employment as a network administrator or web master. A wide variety of career paths exist such as: programming, network management, information security, information systems and information technology, software development, database management, web development and electrical engineering.
Are Internship Opportunities Available?
Internships opportunities for computer tecnology students attending the University of Pittsburgh at Titusville are available for students who qualify. (QPA qualifications must be met, as well as number of credits earned.) See internship requirements for information on completing the internship for this major.


This book focusses on basic science, but it also addresses engineers interested in new materials. Experiments on metal clusters are reviewed in two long pedagogically written articles. The theoretical courses cover three main domains: (1) electronic properties of metallic clusters and nanostructures, (2) phases and phase changes of small systems, and (3) chemical processes in nanoscale systems. Furthermore, interested readers, researchers as well as graduate students will find articles on density functional theory, magnetic properties of clusters, and computer simulations of cluster dynamics. In addition, the book addresses chemical processes, pairing correlation effects and also biological systems.
6 Jun 2017 ... Among the noble metal nanoparticles,(57-86) those of gold and silver ... Details of several gas phase atomic and molecular clusters can be ... 21 Feb 2019 ... Generation of Nanoparticle, Atomic‐Cluster, and Single‐Atom Cobalt Catalysts from Zeolitic Imidazole Frameworks by Spatial Isolation and ...


Category > AB-Selectors
ART ABY Cool Switch Pedal
A/B-Y switching works two ways. It lets you switch a common source signal (guitar, bass or keyboard) between two amplifiers or amp channels. Or conversely, it lets you switch two source signals (ie, two different guitars) into the same amplifier. A good quality A/B-Y switcher will also provide LEDs or other indicators to show whether A, B or Y routing is in effect. The Y routing combines both the A and B outputs in parallel so that two amplifiers can be driven at once. The Coolswitch provides full A/B-Y switching functionality, plus parallel Common in/out jacks.
Behringer AB100 Universal A/B Switch Pedal
When you need to switch between amps or instruments during a live performance, let the Behringer INSTRUMENT/AMP SELECTOR AB100 be your personal light-speed stagehand.
Behringer AB200 Dual A/B Switch Pedal
This universal, ultra-compact 2-channel footswitch is an ideal accessory for stage and studio applications. Use it on gear featuring external control functions such as guitar amps, keyboards, rhythm machines, lighting products and so on. You can easily switch between two input signals into one output or vice versa. Latching/non-latching modes are selectable for both channels.
Boss AB-2 2-Way Selector Pedal
The Boss AB-2 is a 2-way selector that makes changing inputs or outputs easy. One stomp is all it takes to instantly switch between two guitars or effects setups, change amplifiers or switch between an amp and tuner. Rock-solid Boss construction ensures the AB-2 will stand the test of time.
Boss LS-2 Line Selector and Power Supply Pedal
The LS2 makes it easy to switch settings among several effects and to route input and output signals.
Carl Martin Octaswitch 8-Way Switcher Pedal
When Carl Martin decided to create a baby-brother for his world famous Combinator, the details of simplifying an already simple effect controller made his head hurt. So Carl enlisted the help of Thomas Guldmann, and the Octa-switch was born. The concept is simple... take your eight favorite effects pedals, plug them into the eight individual loops (all true-bypass gold relays) on the Octa-switch, and then designate what effects you want connected to each of 8 banks via the worlds simplest and smallest DIP switches located over top of each of the eight bank switches.
DOD 270 A/B Switching Pedal
The DOD AC270 is a simple A/B box. It provides switching from one source, to 2 destinations, or 2 sources to one destination. The switching is done via a mechanical push/push switch. Source and destination connections are all unbalanced 1/4 in. jacks.
Lehle D.Loop SGoS 2-Channel Loop Switcher Pedal
The Lehle D.Loop SGoS is a fully programmable Effect Looper/Switcher with two separate True-Bypass loops routed via gold-plated relays. It includes a switchable high end buffer amp with adjustable gain up to +12 dB. Loops and buffer amp are both all-stereo. The Lehle D.Loop SGoS can be controlled and synchronized with other Lehle SGoS Switchers via MIDI.
Lehle Dual SGoS Amp Switcher Pedal
The Lehle Dual SGoS routes the signal via gold-plated relays to outputs A, B or T. Outputs A and B can feed two different amps simultaneously since the signal paths are electrically isolated by the Lehle LTHZ high-end transformer - completely eliminating humming loops. In this case, the potentiometers enable you to lower the output signal for A and B separately. Output T can be used for a tuner or a third amplifier.
Lehle Little Dual Amp Switcher Pedal
The Lehle Little Dual routes the signal via gold-plated switches to Outputs A or B. Outputs A and B can feed 2 different amps simultaneously, since the signal paths are electrically isolated by the Lehle LTHZ high end transformer - completely eliminating hum loops. Both inputs can be routed in stereo to Outputs A and B separately. In addition, the Lehle Little Dual also incorporates gold-plated phase-reverse and ground lift switches.
Lehle Little Lehle Loop Switcher Pedal
The Little Lehle is a genuine True-Bypass Looper/Switcher. It can be used to manage an effect-loop, or as a simple A/B box. Two instruments can be optionally routed to one amplifier input, or one instrument switched back and forth between two amplifiers.
Lehle P-Split ABY Splitter
Lehle P-Split stands for "passive splitting" with maximum signal fidelity. One instrument can be routed to two amplifiers simultaneously. Output A is electrically isolated from Output B by the Lehle LTHZ high end transformer - so ground loops are excluded from the start. In addition, the Lehle P-Split also features a gold-plated-contact phase-reversing and ground switch.
Morley MOR ABC Switch Box Pedal
The Morley ABC Switch Box pedal is designed to route one guitar/input to three amplifiers/outputs, OR three guitars/inputs out to one amplifier/output. You can select any combination of inputs/outputs with a click of the appropriate switch. This allows for great flexibility in guitar and amp tones and is a cost effective, easy to use switching solution.
Morley ABY Selector Combiner Pedal
Route one signal to 2 outputs or 2 inputs to one output. Then choose A, B, or A & B combined. LEDs show you which signal is active. One 9-volt battery is required for LED indication. 2-year warranty.
Morley MORQB Quad Box Selector Pedal
The Morley Quad box allows user to hook up two guitars and two amplifiers. Then, you can select between guitars with a click of a footswitch AND use any combination of both amplifiers.
Morley George Lynch Tripler ABY Combiner Pedal
Want to use more amps? Yeah, so do a lot of guitarists. But there is currently no readily available device that is high quality, easy to use and affordable - until now.
Radial Big Shot ABY True Bypass Switcher
Designed for the purist, the Radial BigShot ABY is an ultra compact, 100% passive foot switch that provides true bypass ABY amp switching capabilities with A or B toggle and A + B combine functionality. This assures the guitar signal is routed directly to the amp without any buffering, loading or tone altering circuits.
Radial Big Shot EFX Effects Loop Selector Pedal
The BigShot EFX is a true-bypass effects loop switcher that lets you set up two separate effects loops and insert them into your pedal chain at will. This means that noisy pedals or tone robbing non true-bypass pedals that you "love to hate" can now be used and completely taken out of the signal path when they are not needed.
Radial Big Shot IO True Bypass Selector with Level Control
The Radial BigShot i/o is an easy to use instrument selector switch that lets you quickly transition between any 2 instruments and drive the signal to your amp. Because the i/o is 100% true-bypass, it addresses the needs of the most demanding purist.
Radial Big Shot Mix Effect Loop Mix Drag Pedal
At last, a device that allows you to mix the direct sound of an instrument with effects the same way that a professional mixing console lets you add reverb to a dry vocal. The BigShot Mix is designed for the more demanding guitar or bass player that wants to introduce cool effects pedals to the signal path without the noise and artifacts usually caused by their 'less than ideal' circuitry and cheap buffers.
Radial Tonebone Loopbone Dual FX Loop Switcher Pedal
The Radial Loopbone is a powerful effects loop controller for pedal boards that allows the guitar player to insert 2 separate pedal effects chains and remove them when not in use. This is particularly advantageous when using older pedals that tend to add noise and cause loading problems in the signal chain. The Loopbone incorporates a superb 'post effects' variable gain power booster that allows for straight signal boosting or post loop-1 or loop-2 boost for soloing.
Radial Twin City Bones ABY Switcher Pedal
The Twin-City is an active ABY switcher and buffer that enables you to connect any two amps and drive them simultaneously without noise, loss of gain and without degrading your natural guitar tone. This is accomplished with Radial's highly acclaimed buffering technology and the same Drag Control (TM) load correction circuitry as used in the award-winning Radial JD7 Injector. The 'set and forget' Drag Control lets you compensate for cable signal loss and introduce the perfect amount of loading to replicate the way your guitar and amp interact.
T-Rex PolySwitch Stereo A/B Pedal
T-Rex Engineering is pleased to announce our breakthrough stereo PolySwitch AB - a true hardwire stereo A-B switch. PolySwitchAB is the perfect solution for guitarists looking to route their signal to two different setups - even in stereo - and easily switch between these.
Whirlwind Selector A/B Pedal
With the flick of your ankle, you can switch from one guitar to the other, with only one amp, and no popping, crackling, or noise at all. Or you can have 2 amps and one guitar, and switch between them at will.


One of the many confusing issues in the computer world is the fact that a megabyte (MB) is defined in two different ways.
In the metric system, the prefix kilo means 1,000, the prefix mega means 1,000,000, and the prefix giga means 1,000,000,000.
So it would follow that a megabyte is 1,000,000 bytes. This can also be expressed as 10 to the 6th power.
All electronic signals in a computer system are in the form of 1's and 0's normally represented by the presence or absence of +5volts DC. So all programs, all data, and all calculations are in the form of binary numbers. Since computers use the binary number system, they work with bits (binary digits), bytes (8 bits), and powers of 2. This system makes it convenient to refer to 2 to the 10th power (1024 bytes) as a kilobyte, 2 to 20th power (1,048,576 bytes) as a megabyte, and 2 to the 30th power (1,073,741,824) as a gigabyte.
So a megabyte can be 1,000,000 bytes or 1,048,576 bytes. Both of these definitions for megabyte are in current use and both are correctly called megabyte. In the computer world, memory is always discussed in terms of binary megabytes. It has become common to measure hard drive capacity in terms of decimal megabytes as well as in binary megabytes.
The terms "decimal megabyte" and "binary megabyte" can be used to differentiate although these aren't really standard terms. Millionsbytes is another term sometimes used for decimal megabytes. An even more obscure term is miobytes.
To convert decimal MB to binary MB:
decimal MB x 1,000,000 ---------------------- = binary MB 1,048,576
To convert binary MB to decimal MB: binary MB x 1.048576 = decimal MB
More information on this subject is found in our file METRIC.TXT, WWW URL: http://www.firmware.com/support/bios/metric.htm


Power Cable, XLPE Insulated Cable, PVC Insulated Cable manufacturer / supplier in China, offering AAC Conductor Aluminum Stranded Conductor, All Aluminum Conductors (AAC with ASTM B231 Standard), 0.6/1kv~26/35kv XLPE Insulated Power Cable and so on.
Management System Certification:
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS/ OHSMS 18001
Henan Jiapu Cable Group is located in Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, also politics, culture, economic and transport center. The group has 3 subsidiary companies which specialize in manufacturing and supplying various kinds of wires & cables. With more than 15 years of efforts and development, it has become an influential manufacturer of wires & cables making machinery in China.


External HDD | WESTERN DIGITAL | My Book Duo | 4TB | USB 3.0 | USB-C | Black |
• Massive capacity storage with auto and system backups
• RAID-0 ready out of the box
• RAID-optimized WD Red drives
• USB 3.1 Gen 1 ready, USB 3.0 compatibility
The My Book™ Duo drive has massive capacity ideal for storing photos, videos, documents and music. It’s super-fast with up to 360MB/s sequential read speeds thanks to WD Red™ drives inside and use of the USB Type-C™ port. That USB Type-C port with all cables included makes it universally compatible (supports USB 3.1 Gen 1/3.0/2.0). Two USB Type-A hub ports deliver flexibility for additional accessories.
HDD Family name: My Book Duo
HDD Capacity: 4TB
USB 3.0: Yes
Form Factor: 3,5"
Included Accessories: WD Discovery software for WD Backup, WD Security and WD Drive Utilities; USB-C to USB-C cable; USB-C to USB-A cable; AC adapter; Disk replacement tool; Quick install guide
Pallet quantity: 96
Shipping box quantity: 1
Unit Brutto Volume: 0.01003 cubm
Unit Net Weight: 2.29 kg
Unit Gross Weight: 2.96 kg


In the realm of public safety and law enforcement, technology is continually advancing to enhance the capabilities of professionals in the field. One such innovation is the "live body camera." These devices are transforming the way we approach security and accountability. In this blog, we'll delve into the world of live body cameras, exploring their technology, applications, benefits, and considerations.
Live body cameras, also known as real-time streaming body cameras, are an evolution of traditional body-worn cameras. While both types record video and audio, live body cameras have the added capability of transmitting this data in real-time to a remote location. This live streaming feature opens up a range of possibilities and benefits.
Enhanced Officer Safety: Live body cameras enable command centers and supervisors to have real-time awareness of an officer's situation. This allows for immediate response in high-risk or critical incidents, potentially preventing harm to officers.
Improved Decision-Making: Supervisors and incident commanders can make more informed decisions by viewing the live feed from an officer's perspective. This can be invaluable in dynamic situations.
Evidence Collection: Live streaming ensures that critical evidence is captured and transmitted instantly. This can be particularly valuable in documenting events, preserving evidence, and aiding investigations.
Public Accountability: The presence of live body cameras can act as a deterrent against misconduct by both law enforcement officers and civilians. The knowledge that actions are being recorded in real-time promotes accountability.
Training and Supervision: Live body cameras provide an excellent tool for training purposes. Supervisors can remotely monitor an officer's actions, provide guidance, and assess performance in real-time.
Privacy Concerns: The use of live body cameras raises privacy concerns, particularly when it comes to recording members of the public who may not consent to being filmed. Agencies must establish clear guidelines for camera use to address these concerns.
Data Management: The real-time streaming of video and audio generates significant amounts of data that must be managed, stored, and secured. Agencies need robust systems in place to handle this data effectively.
Connectivity: Reliable internet connectivity is essential for live body cameras to function effectively. Poor connectivity can result in interruptions in the live feed, potentially affecting response times.
Costs: Implementing live body camera systems can be expensive, both in terms of equipment and data management infrastructure. Agencies must consider budgetary constraints when adopting this technology.
Training: Officers and personnel need training to use live body cameras effectively. Training should cover not only the technical aspects but also the legal and ethical considerations surrounding their use.
In conclusion, live body cameras represent a significant advancement in public safety technology, offering enhanced officer safety, evidence collection, accountability, and training opportunities. However, their implementation comes with challenges related to privacy, data management, connectivity, costs, and training. As technology continues to evolve, live body cameras have the potential to become indispensable tools for law enforcement and public safety agencies, improving both their effectiveness and the protection of individual rights.


Botswana Mobile Device Surveillance
The Botswana mobile phone surveillance pilot uses cellular phone networks to successfully track and monitor malaria cases in remote villages. This cutting-edge pilot project has the potential to overcome the challenges that undermine effective case management in rural communities.
Supported by Malaria No More and the Clinton Foundation, the mobile phone surveillance pilot in Botswana is based on a successful program employed in Zanzibar that used cellular phone networks for fast and effective malaria case monitoring. Cell phone-based reporting has the potential to overcome the challenges that undermine effective case load management and reporting in remote health facilities.
The Botswana Mobile Device Surveillance pilot program is currently limited to 20 health facilities in Botswana’s Okavango district and will greatly strengthen the measurement of malaria cases, evaluation of caseloads, monitoring of treatment, and the pinpointing of outbreaks following scale-up of net coverage. In addition, with this intervention, it should be possible to link patients diagnosed with malaria to specific GPS- mapped households, using coordinates from LLIN distributions. This will enable the preparation of the first ever geographic map of recorded malaria transmission sites in the country. Together, these monitoring and evaluation activities will significantly increase Botswana’s ability to target and treat remaining cases, and advance the country toward its goal of elimination.


As many of you know, Discovery High School is well-known within the community for its outstanding involvement and student projects. One of the amazing student projects currently underway here at Discovery is the creation of a small weather station that sends weather data over radio waves that can be accessed by different people around Catawba County. The weather station is the brainchild of Tanner Abernathy, a junior at Discovery.
The weather station is located immediately outside of Dixon’s room. It collects data using a thermometer, barometer, an anemometer, and a rain gauge. This information is processed in a console contained within the weather station which displays data and records it. A cable from the weather station is connected to a computer, which decodes the data and puts it online so it can be accessed through Weather Underground.
“In the past year I have gained interest in radio communications, and analog devices. I discovered a system called APRS that allows you to send data over radio waves, and that you could send weather data over it quite easily, but since then we have switched to a mesh system instead of APRS,” said Abernathy when asked about his interest in radio communications.
The APRS system was initially used to collect, process. and transmit data from the weather station, but Abernathy has since started using Broadband-Hamnet. The new system is more accessible and efficient. It allows for data to be processed and transmitted over amateur radio frequencies by industrial wifi routers that have been loaded with new firmware.
The advantage of having a mesh network, like Broadband-Hamnet, is that, because of the use of wifi routers as nodes within the network, weather stations that have software issues are connected to other stations and can be self-repairing. This means that one failing radio station cannot interrupt the stream of data.
After replying to queries about hindrances in the process, completing set up, and securing funding, Abernathy summed things up with a statement about the primary difficulties he faced in the construction of the weather station. “The main problem was finding equipment such as a mast to use for it. Also, communications between the weather station and the base station were unreliable, and it was a challenge to find a spot to set it up.”
Gene Scronce, a biology and environmental science teacher at Discovery, provided a metal conduit pole that would serve as the mast of the weather station. The sensor currently in place was designed to be used with a much larger mast, which presented a few problems in the form of excess wiring and issues in maintaining a connection between the sensor and console.
Abernathy says that the weather station will be used mainly by the school district, and that every school will have the chance to request to use it. He encourages others to find ways to integrate it into their relevant curriculum specifically those studying local weather patterns in environmental science.
This model of it is primarily used for testing purposes, specifically establishing a network connection with the other weather stations in Catawba County. In the future, he plans to create a more advanced model that will be larger and deliver more accurate data. The second weather station will allow anyone with the radio frequency and proper interpreting system to access real-time weather data. The I.D. of this particular weather station is “North Newton” KNCNEWTO5 at Weather Underground.
Abernathy has reached out the the central office to ask about the possible of further antenna installations around the district. Viewmont Elementary, Claremont Elementary, and Sherrills Ford Elementary might also be places for data collection in the future. He is currently in need of other local business willing to host an antenna in the hopes of expanding his project.


Inductive loads produce very large voltage spikes, which will cause reed switch failure. Typically inductors such as relays, solenoids, and motors will cause voltage spikes of several hundred to thousand volts which will severely damage contacts and greatly shorten life. This spike happens when the contact opens causing the electrical field to collapse, generating what is known as counter emf. Counter emf must be reduced to safe levels in order to achieve rated life and load specifications.
Incandescent lamp loads
Inrush current for incandescent lamps is 10 to 15 times the rated current as specified by the manufacturer. High current draw happens when the lamp is turned on. The lamp has low resistance that increases with time
(approximately 1 second.)
Switch failure will occur without proper surge protection. It is your responsibility to incorporate this protection. Surge protection devices should be mounted within 10" of the load or switch.
Examples of protection devices
1) D.C. inductive loads use a diode with a reverse breakdown voltage at least 10 times the applied voltage, and a forward current minimum of the load current draw.
2) A.C. inductive loads use a varistor, MOV, or r-c network rated for applied voltage. As a guide if using r-c network 0.5 to 1 ohm per applied volt, and .05uf to 1uf capacitor per 1 amp. current, with a minimum of 0.5uf. Use AC type non-polarized capacitors with a minimum breakdown voltage higher than the supplied AC peak to peak voltage.
3) Incandescent lamps need either a series or parallel resistor. Follow the respective equation for sizing the resistor.
E = Applied voltage
Imax = E divided by switch wattage rating
R, lamp = Cold lamp resistance with ohmmeter
R = Value of resistor needed
115 VAC R/C network
P/N QA 115


Free your imagine, design whatever shape, size you want, Uniftting Cable displays support you through giving the impression that the object or image is floating in MID-air.
Never rust or fray choosing 1.5mm thickness stainless steel cables. Unifitting cable displays are incredible strong, 1.5mm cable supports up to 120kgs(265lbs).
Wall to wall cable display system. Aluminum or brass material.
Include CF4-01, CF4-02, CABLE COMPONENT
Ceiling to floor cable display system. Brass or aluminum material.
Include CF6-01, CF6-02, CABLE, COMPONENT
Wall to wall cable display system. Brass or aluminum material.
Include CF8-01, CF8-02. CABLE, COMPONENT


Best Vaporizers – Smok Novo 2
The Smok Novo 2 is a powerful digital camera which combines a robust quartz radio and two built in AM/FM tuners. It could be used on any sort of frequencies from police scanners to vehicle tracking methods. You can be able to listen in to your favorite music, talk stations, news, climate, sports, talk shows and more.
The main difference between the first Novo and the second is the huge upgrade in power delivery, going from the old 450mAh to the huge 800mAh the Smok Novo 2 has. Double the battery power means twice the air output. Power output has also been raised from 10 sixteenW to 6 25W providing you an even wider spectrum to operate from.
The new novo 2 is really a little bigger and heavier than its predecessors. The change in size comes with a larger battery capacity allowing you to use it for considerably longer before you will have to recharge the unit. The increase in battery life extends nicely beyond that though, providing you twice the radio output for twice the consumption. If you are using the no product for long term operation, you will discover that the excess battery life gives you plenty of extra run time before you need to recharge these devices.
The electronic portion of the Smok Novo 2 is constructed of a very sturdy metal alloy and is finished with an anti-corrosion finish to add further longevity to the device. In addition to this, there are lots of different flavor flavors on the market. These flavors are all nicotine free so you don’t need to worry about getting dependent on nicotine with all the product. You can choose from regular flavors such as fruit, mint, and chocolate or you can try one of the many unique “chill out” flavors such as for example mint juleps, grapefruit, blueberry, and lemon.
The most famous and interesting facet of Vape Shop the Smok Novo 2 may be the Pod Options. A pod is a small plastic container that fits very perfectly in the base of the machine. The pod options can take either a single coin or numerous coins making different flavours of the Smok Novo 2 more accessible to particular vapers. It is a great feature and seriously adds a fresh dimension to the product.
The very best part concerning the pod option is that the machine is charged by using your personal compatible electric cigarette. You merely pop the coin into the pod and in under thirty seconds you have a full-charged unit all set. There is a simple on and off switch on the front of the unit includes a standard nova usb port. One other nice feature of this device is the built-in LED indicator which makes it very easy to locate.
The most common complaints people have about electronic cigarettes is they don’t last very long. This Smok Novo 2 solves that problem with a unique charging program. The charging system is a patented invention that not only charges the Smok but additionally has an alarm if the battery gets low. One great facet of this is that the alarm is certainly configurable. For anyone who is in a public area and don’t want people to know you’re charging the device it is possible to turn off the alarm. This makes it very convenient to use whilst travelling.
Smok Novo 2 is another impressive vaporizer. It offers a lot of vapor and offers a long battery life. It also has a unique charging method that ensures it lasts a long time. Overall this product is well constructed and long-lasting. Smok Novo 2 batteries can be found from all online retailers for around $40. You can purchase it new or applied.


10G Multimode OM3 Aqua Color 3Meter 8/12 Core MPO-MPO Patch Cord
1. MPO/MTP trunk cables are used to interconnect cassettes, panels
or ruggedized MPO fan-outs, spanning MDA, HAD and EDA zones, and
easy to rapid deployment of high density backbone cabling in data
centers and other high fiber environments reducing network
installation or reconfiguration.
2. MPO/MPT trunk cables using a compact and rugged microcable
structure, according to different colors divided into SM, MM and
10G MM. The fiber ranges from 12 to 144, MTP polarity options are
TIA way is Style A(up), Style B(down) and Style C(up/up). The cable
length belongs to a custom product, please kindly email your
requirements to us!
1. With 12-fiber and 24-fiber MPO/MTP connector standard
2. Available in OS1/2, OM2, OM3 and OM4
3. Available in FC,LC, SC, ST, MU, and MTP
4. Interface polished type has PC, UPC and APC
5. Available in 12 / 24 / 36 / 48 / 72 / 96 / 144-fibers
6. 100% factory tested
7. Discrete connectors are heat-cured and use ceramic ferrules and
8. Fan-out fibers from MPO/MTP connectors into individual simplex
9. Customized for length, staggering, connector type, breakout
style, fiber count, and labeling fiber
|Type||Singlemode APC Polishing||Multimode PC Polishing|
|Fiber Count||8/12/24 Etc||8/12/24 Etc|
|Standard||Elite Low Loss||Standard||Elite Low Loss|
|All MM SM Shlled be tested for IL|
Above performance refers to Optic standard grade performance,
flexible specification is available to fit for different
Pre-terminated MPO/MTP Technology-Polarity
The three polarity methods Type A, Type B and Type C are used to
guarantee the right bi-directional allocation.
72Core MPO Patch cord are available:
Above data sheet is an example, just for your referance.
①MPO/MTP Female connector ②Φ3.0mm Boot ③Number Label ④Φ3.0mm Tubing
- within 12 Fibers ⑤Heat Shrink Tubing ⑥Fiber cable
· The default diameter of ④ is Φ3.0mm.
· The default color of the single mode MPO connector is Green.
· The diameter of branch cable could be choosen as 0.9mm,2.0mm.
· We can also custom the pulling eyes, welcome to contact us if you
Standard trunk cables: OS1/2-yellow, OM1/2-orange, OM3/4-Aqua
1. Patch cord : Bare fiber ribbon type and Ruggedized type
2. Fan-out cord with single fiber connectors
3. MPO connector kit
5.Assembly tool for MPO kit


I tested this out on my old laptop, and the performance was quite poor. The frames per second (FPS) was barely usable. I was still considering this as an option for a Video Monitor, but need to confirm what sort of netbook/laptop will be required to provide enough performance to make this viable. I performed tests on several of the PC's I have around the house with the following results
- Intel Core I7 - More then capable of handling the video feed. See the following belo
- Intel Core 2 Duo - Handles the FPS fine, but the CPU is running high at 70 to 80.
- Pentium 4 3 Ghz - Frame rate was quite a bit lower. CPU still not capped.
- Pentium M 1.8 Ghz - Frame rate significantly too low.
So it is possible to get a good frame rate and very little delay from a usb remote connection, however I have not yet determined if a netbook is capable of a useable FPS. (I do not own a netbook).
All tests were done with a 31 foot in total length USB cable run. I had to use a repeater
USB Active Extension/Repeater Cable and then a 15 foot Male to Mini-B 5Pin cable to get the length.
15 foot Male to Mini-B 5 Pin Cable. The repeater is important as USB only supports a maximum of 16 feet without one. See this video for more information


NEC Corporation is a multi-national information
technologies company headquartered in Minato-key, Tokyo, Japan. NEC's
Electron Devices business includes semiconductors, displays and other
Maeda handled company sales.
It was the common battery switch board supplied by NEC. NEC started exporting
telephone sets to China in 1904.
Expansion of the Japanese telephone service
NEC Sales fell sixty percent between 1912 and 1915.
In 1919, NEC started its first association with Sumitomo. As part of the
venture, NEC provided cable manufacturing equipment to Sumitomo Densen.
Four of NEC's factories were destroyed, damaging 105 of NEC's engineers
and workers. NEC participated in the installation of the automatic switching
systems, ultimately becoming the general sales agent for ATM. NEC developed
its own Stronger-type automatic switching system in 1924, a first in Japan.
NEC started their radio communications business in 1924. NEC imported
the broadcasting equipment from Western Electric. NEC established a radio
research unit 1924. NEC started developing electron tubes in 1925.
Carrier Transmission Equipment
In 1929 Nippon Electric provided Japan's Ministry of Communications with
the A-type switching system.
NEC began transistor research and development in 1950. NEC produced the
first crossbar switching system in Japan. NEC began joint research and
development with NTT of electronic switching systems the same year. NEC
established Taiwan Telecommunication Company as their first postwar overseas
joint venture in 1958. In 1959 NEC demonstrated their first transistorized
computer, the NEAC-2201. NEC de Mexico, S. A. de C. V., NEC do Brazil,
S. A., NEC Australia Pty. Ltd. were established between 1968 and 1969.
NEC supplied Comsat Corporation with the SPADE satellite communications
system in 1971. In 1972, Switzerland ordered a NEC satellite communications
earth station. NEC also designed an automated broadcasting system for
the Japan Broadcasting Corporation the same year. NEC Electronics (Europe)
GmbH was also established. NEC America Inc. opened a plant in Dallas Texas
to manufacture PABX and telephone systems in 1978. In 1980, NEC
created the first digital signal processor, the NEC µPD7710. NEC
Semiconductors (UK) Ltd. was established in 1981, producing VLSI’s
and Leis. NEC introduced the 16-bit PC-9800 series personal computer in
1982. NEC changed its English company name to NEC Corporation the same
year. NEC Information Systems, Inc. started manufacturing computers and
related products in the United States in 1984. In 1993 NEC's asynchronous
transfer mode (ATM) switching system, the NEAX61 (Nippon Electronic Automatic
Exchange) ATM Service Node, went into service in the United States. The
NEC C&C Research Laboratories, NEC Europe, Ltd. were opened in Germany
in 1994. NEC (China) Co, Ltd. was established as a holding
company for Chinese operations in 1996. NEC celebrated their 100th anniversary
in 1999. NEC Electronics Corporation was separated from NEC in 2002 as
a new semiconductor company. NEC Laboratories America, Inc. (NEC Labs)
was created in November, 2002 as a merger of NEC Research Institute (NECI)
and NEC USA’s Computer and Communications Research Laboratory (CCRL).
They are now one of the worlds leading mobile phone producers, especially
in the ASIA pacific region.


What is the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)?
CDP is a Cisco proprietary protocol that runs on all Cisco IOS-enabled devices. It is used to gather information about directly connected neighboring devices. CDP operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and is media-independent. With CDP, you can tell the hardware type, device identifier, address list, software version, and active interfaces on neighboring Cisco devices. CDP is enabled by default on all Cisco equipment. It uses a nonroutable SNAP frame to communicate between devices.Note: Because CDP is media-independent it can operate over most media types. The only media types CDP cannot operate over are X.25, because it doesn't support SNAP encapsulation, and Frame Relay point-to-multipoint interfaces.What are three reasons to disable CDP?
Three reasons to disable CDP are as follows:
. To save network bandwidth by not exchanging CDP frames.
. If you are connecting to non-Cisco devices.
. Security. CDP broadcasts information about the device every 60 seconds. Sniffers and other devices can view these broadcasts to discover information about your network.How do you disable CDP on Cisco routers?
Two commands disable CDP on a Cisco router. To disable CDP on the entire device, use the no cdp run global command:
RouterB(config)#no cdp run
To disable CDP on an interface only, use the no cdp enable interface command:
RouterB(config-if)#no cdp enable
This disables CDP on Ethernet interface 0.What does the show CDP command display?
The show CDP command displays global CDP information about the device. It tells you when the device will send CDP packets and the CDP holdtime:
Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 180 secondsNote: For the CCNA test, remember that the default time a device will send out CDP information is 60 seconds and the default holdtime is 180 seconds.On a Cisco router, what does the show cdp neighbors command display?
The show cdp neighbors command displays the following:
· Device ID (name of the device)
· The local interface (local outgoing port)
· The holdtime displayed in seconds
· The device's capability code (this tells you if the device is a router, switch, or repeater)
· Hardware platform of the neighboring device (what type of Cisco device it is and the model)
· Port ID of the neighboring device (remote port)
RouterB#show cdp neighbors
R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge
S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater
Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID
RouterA Ser 0 146 R 2505 Ser 0 What does the show cdp neighbors detail command display?
The show cdp neighbors detail and show cdp entry * commands show the same output. They both display the following:
· Device ID (host name) of the remote neighbor
· Layer 3 address of the remote device (if the device has more than one Layer 3 address on its interface, only the primary address is shown)
· Device platform and capabilities· Local interface and outgoing port ID
· Remote device holdtime in seconds
· IOS type and version
RouterB#show cdp neighbors detail
Device ID: RouterA
IP address: 192.168.2.1
Platform: cisco 2505, Capabilities: Router
Interface: Serial1, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1
Holdtime : 164 sec Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-D-L), Version 12.0(13), RELEASE SOFTWARE
(fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Wed 06-Sep-00 01:08 by LindaWhat does the show cdp traffic command display?
The show cdp traffic command displays information about interface traffic. This includes the number of CDP packets sent and received and CDP errors:
RouterB#show cdp traffic
CDP counters :
Packets output: 105, Input: 103
Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed:
No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0


Give your visibility on the road a boost with the day-time visible Bontrager Flare R City rear light. The design is focussed specifically on urban riding environments, with 35 lumens of power and a wide beam spread. Interruptive flash patterns allow the Flare R to be seen over 900m away – day or night – to help you stand out from the crowd in busy traffic.
The Flare R City rechargeable rear light has two day-time modes and two night-time modes, a built-in ambient light sensor to automatically adjust brightness when day turns to night, as well as a battery save mode at 5% in order to preserve battery life for when you need it most.
Quick connect bracket and micro USB charging cable come included.