The cost for building a smart home in Singapore
Smart home systems are getting popular in Singapore due to demand for a luxury lifestyle on this tiny island. Many new families are keen to integrate automation into their home interior. Thus, let us discuss the cost in this article.
What is smart home system?
A smart home system allows home owners to control electronic appliances such as aircon, lighting, TV, speakers and other devices through smartphones or tablets. A complete smart home requires setup through hardwired systems as wireless setup may encounter issues when there is no connection.
So how much does a smart home really cost?
There is no definite answer to this question as it depends on how many configurations are needed. However, the cost of building a complete smart home will start from $30,000 – $50,000 SGD.
What are there to plan for a smart home in Singapore?
- Lighting Controls – Lights can be set to follow a schedule on or off. Additionally, home owners can add atmosphere lights for hosting parties or home cinema which can be controlled via voice or smart devices.
- Electronic Appliances – control appliances such as aircon, televisions, speakers, projectors, water heaters, curtains and more.
- Security – Depending on the house outside, a smart security system can help alert suspicious activities in the surveillance area.
- Voice control – Optional, but having voice control can add so much more value to your smart home in Singapore.
- Smart Switches – connects to the smart home system, allowing you to control devices from your mobile device.
Breakdown of the costing for home automation system
As mentioned above, the prices depend on the configuration you choose for your house. Hence, it is important to plan ahead with your interior design. A complete smart house design requires minor renovation work, unlike those products you can get off the shelf. Additional costs must be considered if you are looking for higher end fixtures.
What kind of home owners should plan for smart home system?
Home automation is suitable for any type of house owner. Even an HDB with a planned budget and a reliable home automation company such as HAP can make a real smart home come true.
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With the Telkom cable infrastructure in the rural areas continually being hampered due to cable theft, Wireless Internet has become the saving grace for many Individuals and Businesses.
We specialise in network cabling, data cabling, structured cabling and ethernet cabling, for home (residential) and corporate (business). We beat the normal standard when it comes to home or office network cabling.
Installation of cameras, focus areas, cabling between camera and DVR system, and configuring remote access. Your choice of outdoor bullet cameras or indoor dome cameras in any combination and variation of cameras.
Voip, PBX & Telephone systems
Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP) or VoIP is a family of technologies for the delivery of voice communication over the Internet. VoIP can be used on any Internet connection, ADSL, 3G, Wireless, etc.
Keter Technologies can supply a wide range of hardware and software, including servers, storage and licensing agreements. Although Wireless Internet is our primary product we also specialise in various other fields.


Six Incredibly Useful Electricity For Small Businesses
Dirty electricity can result in high voltage spikes that can damage your electrical appliances. This in turn guarantees safety to you appliances and prolongs their lifespan. If you’ve noticed that your electrical appliances get damaged frequently, Ultra StopWatt Reveiws then you may have a voltage surge problem. However, for general use, you may not need regulated power supplies. Because not all models are the same, you need to know what makes an ac-dc power supply unique, how you can choose the best supplies for Ultra Stop Watt your electrical devices, and much more. Power supplies have essential functions found in all models with additional operations added depending on the device type. These functions will help you choose which supply you need for your electrical needs. Whether you need high-voltage power on board a ship or need to plug in a notebook computer to charge, Ultra StopWatt Review you need a power supply. What Does a Power Supply Do? To discover more about how a PSU (power supply unit) works, read on to learn about the individual parts and their functions, which will clarify your view of the entire operation of the power unit. And, the longer you use this, StopWatt the better it works, Ultra StopWatt so you can save even more in the future!
Getting a device with too many features could cost you more money than you need to spend, but if you don’t get the features you require, you could damage the devices you need to power. They need to assume that you are a new customer and offer you unique customer benefits. Be sure that you are using the correct path for your files. Radiant floor systems are typically 40 percent more efficient than their forced air counterpart and can be zoned to match thermal comfort to each room. On a sunny day, if you step from the shade into the sun, you'll feel warmer even though the air temperature is basically the same. To prevent overload, power supplies step down the voltage - or, conversely, step it up - to match the requirements of the device. Basic power supplies will change the voltage and convert to DC power. Power supplies may need to change voltage up or down, convert power to direct current, or regulate power for smoother outcoming voltage. Raising or lowering thermostats by a few degrees, can, in theory, reduce the strain on the energy grid and prevent the need for rolling blackouts. This is so that the people who need it can actually afford it.
If you choose the seven days option, you can select each to review the stats. However, Stopwatt energy saver can easily solve this problem for you. This Ultra StopWatt reviews is meant to provide you with all the necessary information to make an informed choice. Hi you can make money online without investing a single dollar through this website. Don’t make the mistake of selecting the wrong supply. An unregulated power supply can deliver more power than expected. One extremely effective way to cut carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is through a more efficient home. Learn more about these calculations below. Users of Pro Power Save in the United States will not have to pay shipping fees. Assistance to app users across a range of devices and platforms. DC-DC power supplies allow you to plug in electrical devices into car outlets or similar sources that supply direct current, or DC, power. Two types of power supplies exist, DC-DC and AC-DC.
While DC-DC power supplies exist, the most common type is the AC-DC type. Because a variety of options exist, the specific power supply function depends on whether it needs to regulate energy or convert power. The power supply works to convert the power from the source into the correct format and voltage. The source is the origin of incoming electricity. Transformer: The transformer changes the incoming voltage to the needed outgoing voltage level. Energy changing is the main task of power supplies, and the bulk of their construction comes from the transformer used to move the voltage up or down as needed. Fortunately, it comes with a risk free money-back guarantee. There’s no difference between them if you choose the right capacitor size for StopWatt your unit. In the electrolytic capacitor-less inverter, a film capacitor, whose capacitance is smaller than that of a typical capacitor, is used in the smoothing capacitor to control the inverter. The remote control lets you adjust fan speeds and StopWatt temperature without getting up, and it helps dehumidify rooms up to 550 sq. ft. The original control panels in the earliest versions of the classic Mac OS were all combined into one small Desk Accessory.


When you configure the packing table equipment, also consider the use of appropriate LED lighting dedicated to workstations. The high-quality light emitted by the diodes allows you to maintain the appropriate light intensity on the surface of the table top. We select lighting according to the criteria set by the contractor. Based on the work specification, we determine what type of lamp should be used.
We can distinguish 3 basic types of industrial LED lamps that we use at our workstations. These are 20, 40 and 60W LED lamps from LedLine. All lighting products are certified by the National Institute of Hygiene and are suitable for use in clean surfaces in specialist facilities. Due to the high-quality materials used, the lamps are characterized by increased resistance to mechanical damage.
LED lighting for the RA Construction table consists of a lamp adapted to the contractor’s requirements, a switch and a 3-meter power cord. The LED lamp is mounted with a frame to the table supports at a height of about 1000 mm relative to the table top. The switch is attached to the vertical supports of the table superstructure with screws or screwed to structural elements made of wood. In addition, the set includes self-adhesive clips for attaching cables, which help to properly route the power cord.
The color temperature of the light is 4000 K. The color of the light itself is white. Another important parameter is the luminous efficiency of 100 lm/W. It should not be forgotten that the LED industrial lighting used for RA Construction tables is energy-saving with the A+ energy efficiency class. We issue a CE certificate for lighting sets. The supply voltage is in the range of 175-265 AC.


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Portable and stationary Ion Mobility Spectrometers (IMS) for detection and identify of TSI and STL
μRAID - Compact, Flexible and Reliable Personal Detector
The μRAID is a compact, easy-to-use IMS based chemical agent detector for personal use.
- Effective substance identification from proven RAID-M100 technology
- Unmatched sensitivity in its class
- Compact, lightweight and easy-to-use
- High altitude operation
- Stealth mode
- Extensive TIC capabilities
- Flexible battery concept
- Low through-life costs, maintenance at operator level
Ready for when you need it, stealth mode operation includes earpiece, wireless data access and night vision compatibility. High altitude operation delivers the superior usability required.
Supplementary battery pack
RAID-M 100 - Hand-held Chemical Agent Monitor
The RAID-M 100 is a hand held Chemical
Agent Detector based on the well established
principle of Ion Mobility Spectrometry.
It is designed to detect, search
for and locate Chemical Warfare Agents
(CWA) on personnel, equipment,
vehicles and on the ground. Applications
within collective protection facilities are
The RAID-M 100 is able to detect, classify and identify, quantify and continuously monitor concentration levels of the CWA’s specified.
The identity of substances detected is displayed by its standard code (GA, VX, etc.) or its appropriate abbreviation (e.g. GSI for the G-mode simulant). For each class (G, H and T) a separate bar line is provided, thus all the classes may be monitored independently.
Hazard levels are indicated by an incremental bar level display with eight increments. Moreover the RAID-M 100 gives an audible and an optical alarm when identifying an agent.
- Homeland defense
- First responder market
- Non-proliferation measures
- Real time monitoring of toxic and hazardous industrial chemicals in the environment
- Fire fighting control
- Chemical disaster management
RAID-S2 - Stationary Rapid Alarm and Identification Device
The RAID-S2 is a gas trace detector for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA) and toxic industrial chemicals (TIC). It is based on proven ion mobility spectrometry technology.
The RAID-S2 is specifically designed for long-term operations in a 24/7 environment with maintenance required only approx. once a year (depending on operation hours). Due to automatic polarity switching, the RAID-S2 continuously detects and identifies all relevant chemical warfare agents. The built-in microprocessor evaluates the recorded ion mobility spectra. The identified agents and calculated concentrations can be shown at the remote control unit or via the NC monitoring software. Sophisticated detection algorithms and the new ammonia based dopant significantly reduce interferences.
- High interference rejection
- Radioactive source(Ni-63) with a considerable low activity of <100 MBq
- Ethernet and RS422 interface
- Ruggedized design
- Maintenance at operator level, easy exchangeable filters
- Heated gas inlet for improved measuring performance
- State-of-the-art quick connect sampling probe tubes
- Operation possible via NC Monitoring software
- Detection of CWA onboard of vehicles, ships or airplanes while on motion
- Long term monitoring of ambient air for the presence of hazardous compounds in shelters or bunkers
- Integration into naval and military monitoring applications
- Monitoring of ambient outside air or air filtered by the NBC protection filters (break-through surveillance) for naval, vehicle or shelter applications
RAID XP - The reliable CBRN Nuclear and Chemical Detector
The innovative RAID-XP combines chemical and radiological detection into
one system. The RAID-XP is extremely flexible and has been developed for
military use, which includes the harsh naval environment as well as counter
terrorism and civil defence applications.
The state-of-the-art RAID-XP is a highly flexible instrument, both in terms of detection capabilities (N+C) and lightweight and portable design. It is based on the principle of ion mobility spectrometry.
The two display concept provides a clear and unambiguous indication of the NC threat assessment. A warning is given by acoustical and optical alarm. The RAID-XP has an internal memory for the results of the N and C sensors in combination with time and geographic location, which can be provided by a GPS receiver.
The identity of substances detected is either indicated by class „G“, „H“ or „T“, or the specific agent or simulant identity is displayed.
For the detection and quantification of gamma radiation the actual gamma dose rate and the accumulated gamma dose are displayed. Warning thresholds can be set by the user for the gamma dose rate and the accumulated gamma dose.
Bruker TIMON™ - Toxic Gas Threat Mitigation - Critical Infrastructure Protection
Many countries have, or are working towards, a strategy for the protection of their critical infrastructure. Critical infrastructure includes, but is not limited to airports, power plants, banking and finance centres, water supply systems, governmental institutions, transportation and health services. These facilities, services and institutions require an appropriate level of protection. Incidents directed at Critical Infrastructure such as a terrorist attack or a natural disaster could have a major impact on the civil population, on health and safety, on the economy and potentially on the smooth running of government.
The new Bruker TIMON (Toxic Industrial MONitor) is an installed air monitoring system designed specifically to help protect people from the threat of death or injury by providing an early warning of the release of toxic chemicals; either accidentally or deliberately.
TIMON is configured to detect all Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) and several Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TIC) at ultra-low levels, and to provide a rapid alarm and identification of the threat within seconds. During this detection and identification phase, TIMON also quantifies the concentration of the substance that has been detected; so the threat level can be judged.
TIMON can be configured to either produce alarms or, more importantly, to take corrective action by, for example, interfacing with the air intakes of the facility (HVAC inlets). Operating in an autonomous mode, TIMON can initiate closing the air intake(s), shutting down the HVAC system, or diverting the airflow when a chemical threat is detected at the intake.
- Detecting air-borne chemical threats in underground railways
- Monitoring air supplied to office blocks and banks
- Atmosphere monitoring in emergency evacuation shelters (ColPro)
- Protecting Parliament/Assembly Halls and other Government buildings
- VIP and delegate protection at high profile events
For installations such as underground rail systems, where members of the public move freely, TIMON has been designed for covert installation. Externally designed as an innocuous piece of electrical switchgear; it has no obvious function and does not display status lights or alarms. This approach ensures the product function is not readily identified and therefore does not attract unwanted attention. When local regulations require TIMON to be secured out of sight, a sample line can be run from the installation to a sampling point up to 15 metres away by using the Bruker Air Sampling Unit (ASU).
User Interface - FLEXIBLE Interconnectivity:
The standard TIMON configuration includes a web server that transmits all relevant data to a remote computer in the client control room. Specialist software is not required; the data is displayed in a web browser as shown below. At a glance, the display shows detection status (identified substance, concentration and time) as well as the instrument status and condition. Where screen space is limited, a ‘mini view’ pop-up display can be used which shows green when no alarms exist, and which changes to red under alarm conditions. The webserver interface is used with the TIMON system to facilitate access by different users, such as operators, supervisors and maintenance personnel. Each level of user can be furnished with their own log-in name and password to ensure compliance with security standards.
In addition to the standard web interface, TIMON is also equipped with floating contacts. These can connected to external annunciators or indicator lamps as supplemental alarms to those that are shown on the control room display. Alternatively, these floating contacts can be used to trigger actuators that initiate ventilation protocols, or change the flow patterns of HVAC systems to reduce the concentration of the chemical threat.
TIMON™ Expansion Module
The Bruker ASU (Air Sampling Unit) is an adjunct to the TIMON. It converts TIMON from a local point detector to a remote point detector by providing the capability to extend the sampling point by up to 15 metres.
In addition, the ASU is capable of providing supplemental power to allow the use of heated sample lines, where either the location or the application requires this capability.
The ASU interfaces with the standard web server of the TIMON such that its inclusion does not require additional complex software. Only a current web browser is required to display data. Further, to ensure high reliability the ASU adds redundant sample pumps to the system, along with flow sensors and pressure sensors to monitor the whole sample system 24/7.
Bruker Ortho TIMON™ - Toxic Gas Threat Mitigation - Critical Infrastructure Protection
OrthoTIMON has been developed by Bruker to provide the most advanced gas detector of its kind. In a single enclosure, two sensitive detection technologies operate in parallel to give the most comprehensive capability of any single gas detector on the market. This dual technology approach is known as orthogonal detection.
Orthogonal Detection is a technique that uses the detection information from two or more technologies, each of which is mutually independent and where each technology type detects independent characteristics of the substance.
Protecting the occupants of Critical Infrastructure against the possibility of a deliberate or accidental release of a toxic gas or vapour represents one of the greatest challenges known to the civilised world.
Critical Infrastructure is a prime target for terrorism and so that the users, operators and visitors to that facility can be vulnerable to an attack exemplified by the release of a toxic chemical. Given the changing security environment, the attention of security strategists has increased to encompass the requirement to detect conventional CWA, but also to detect Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs).
Many toxic industrial chemicals are in daily use in chemical plants where they are converted to materials used in consumer products the world over. Should these toxic chemicals fall into the wrong hands, they could be used for terrorist attacks in place of conventional agents.
OrthoTIMON provides a fast sensitive detection system for chemical weapons, coupled with a highly specific infrared detection system for toxic gases or vapors. Where the detection capabilities of these two technologies overlap, special software fuses the results to give a high confidence level of detection and identification. In addition to its enhanced detection capability, OrthoTIMON simultaneously identifies the substance present and quantifies the concentration. This is invaluable information for the Emergency Services who would carry the burden for remediation.
Applications of Ortho TIMON:
- APPLICATIONS IN SUBWAY PROTECTION
- APPLICATIONS IN VIP PROTECTION
- APPLICATIONS IN BUILDING PROTECTION
- APPLICATIONS IN GOVERNMENT PROTECTION
As shown by the 1995 sarin (CWA nerve agent) attack in the Tokyo subway, underground rail systems are highly vulnerable to toxic gas incidents. According to reports, in the 1995 attack 13 people were killed, 50 people were seriously injured and hundreds of people were hospitalised.
OrthoTIMON can be deployed to present a point measurement system on a station platform and provide a reliable measurement of air quality; specifically showing the absence or present of toxic substances in the air. In its most basic implementation, OrthoTIMON can be set to alarm if a toxic substance is detected so that Security can implement an evacuation process.
Alternatively, on alarm, the OrthoTIMON can take corrective action automatically by interacting with the subway’s ventilation system, drawing in an increased quantity of fresh air from the outside. Further OrthoTIMON also can be used to monitor the outlet of the platform ventilation system to show how much toxic material is being diluted by the fresh air post-event.
OrthoTIMON can be mounted on a transportable frame to permit it to be taken to assembly rooms and other areas where VIPs and their entourage may be working or giving speeches. In this way this new system from Bruker can be used to monitor the environment to ensure it is free from chemical threats to both the VIPs and their audiences.
Critical infrastructure such as major offices, banks and government facilities are normally served by one vulnerable element; the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. The HVAC system distributes conditioned air to the building to ensure the occupant’s comfort. Unprotected inlets can form a vector for a terrorist attack, or can draw in toxic substances released by an accident. The release of a toxic gas or vapour near to an inlet of an HVAC system can result in rapid dissemination of that substance within the building - leading to disastrous consequences.
OrthoTIMON forms part of a building’s overall protection strategy and measures the air quality continuously without operator attention. In its most basic implementation, OrthoTIMON can be set to alarm if a toxic substance is detected so that Security can implement their evacuation protocols. Alternatively, on alarm, the OrthoTIMON can take corrective action automatically by interacting with the building’s HVAC. Different levels of control can be initiated, including closing dampers to the external air supply and/or diverting airflow so that the impact of the event is reduced and evacuation can take place in a more orderly manner.
In all countries, Parliaments or Ruling Assemblies form the decision-making hub of that country’s political system. OrthoTIMON helps to protect these important assets, and may be deployed in two ways. The first is as a Building Protection system (see above) where the OrthoTIMON monitors the inlets to the HVAC. Secondly, it can be mounted unobtrusively to protect the speaking chambers of the Parliament or Assembly where it can assure the safety of both the speakers, members and audiences.
As in the Building Protection example, OrthoTIMON can be used in a detection mode that permits the security organisation to initiate an evacuation, or can be automated to provide a new source of air; away from the contaminated inlet or the release point where the chemical has been discharged.
OrthoTIMON has been developed by Bruker to provide the most advanced gas detector of its kind. In a single enclosure, two sensitive detection technologies operate in parallel to give the most comprehensive capability of any single gas detector on the market.
The OrthoTIMON system is known as an orthogonal detection system, where data is collected from two types of detection technologies and fused together using proprietary algorithms.
The concept of orthogonal detection has been created by scientists and instrument developers to give highly accurate results from a single installation.
Data is collected from the Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS) unit that is specifically designed to detect and identify ultra-low levels of highly toxic chemical weapon agents and several critical toxic industrial chemicals, including chlorine. Other toxic industrial gases and vapors are detected by the Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, which is capable of detecting chemical agents too.
Operation and Maintenance
Only standard software is required to operate your OrthoTIMON; the instrument’s data is displayed in a standard web browser as shown in the example below. The standard OrthoTIMON configuration includes an integrated webserver that transmits relevant data via standard Ethernet cabling to a remote computer in a control room. Fibre optic communications packages are available as a custom option.
At a glance, the display shows detection status (what has been detected, identified substance, its concentration and the time when it was detected) as well as the instrument status and condition. If screen space is limited, a ‘mini view’ pop-up display can be used which shows green when no alarms exist, and which changes to red under alarm conditions.
The webserver interface offers password protected user names to facilitate access by different user levels, such as operators, supervisors and maintenance personnel. Each level of user can be furnished with their own login name and password to ensure compliance with standards.
Designed for permanent 24/7 operation, the need for regular routine maintenance has been designed out of OrthoTIMON. As a result, maintenance is only required once approximately every 12 months and the impending requirements are identified on the user interface display in the control room. It is not necessary to calibrate OrthoTIMON; the factory calibration holds throughout the life of the instrument.
GC-MS portable for complex chemical analysis in solid, liquid and air samples
E2M - GC-MS - Enhanced Environmental Mass Spectrometer
The E2M is a mobile, compact, lightweight and rugged GC/MS system for fast, reliable onsite identification and quantification of organic substances in soil, air, water and from surfaces.
The instrument can be mounted on vehicles and operated while the vehicle is underway. The E2M uses 24 VDC which means that it can use the vehicle power supply.
The E2M is able to identify organic chemicals from any medium (soil, water, air) within 20 minutes via complementary sampling techniques. Specifications and performance are not limited to a selected portion of chemicals. New libraries can be created and used by the customer.
The detection limit for volatile organic compounds is from low ppb to the low ppm range depending on the analytical procedure, e.g. adsorbent enrichment (low ppb range) or on-line monitoring (approx. 1 ppm range) from ambient air. Training and operation is reduced to the lowest possible level whilst the reliability is increased.
The E2M software includes all standard MS acquisition methods.
Typical Applications of the E2M:
- Environmental protection: Fast and reliable on-site detection and identification of hazardous chemicals from soil, water and air within minutes.
- Mobile on-site analysis: E2M is designed for vehicle integration and can operate while the vehicle is underway. Vehicles can be cars, vans,
trucks as well as ships, helicopters and other aircrafts.
- Event monitoring: Protection of major events such as sport, concerts, folk festivals etc. Identification of released chemicals leads to corect timely decisions and reduces the number of potential casualties.
- First responders: Fast investigation of chemical hazards, drugs and explosives by the Fire Brigades, Police and other Emergency and Blue Light Services.
- Homeland defence: Fast detection and clear identification of released chemicals in critical infrastructures (subways, airports, railway stations,
public buildings etc) by first responders (police, custom, fire brigades, analytical task forces).
MM2 – GC-MS the new Generation of Mobile Mass Spectrometers
MM2 is the state-of-the-art mass spectrometer for the detection and identification of chemical agents and toxic industrial chemicals in defence and homeland security applications.
The MM2 is able to identify any organic chemical from any medium (soil, water or air) within 15 minutes via complementary sampling techniques. Specifications and performance are not limited to a selected portion of chemicals. New libraries can be created and used by the customer.
The detection limit for volatile organic compounds and volatile agents is from the low ppb to the low ppm range depending on the analytical procedure, e.g. adsorbent enrichment (low ppb range) or on-line monitoring (very low ppm range) from ambient air.
The system can be integrated into vehicles or networks consisting of chemical and biological detectors. Training and operation has been optimized and simplified whilst the reliability has been improved. Representing a new level of highly professional, on-site analysis technology the MM2 has been selected to become part of all kind of mobile and stationary chemical detection missions all over the world.
The MM2 is enhanced by two software modules for instrument control and
- The MM2 Analysis (operator level) supports simple and straightforward operation of the system for default methods.
- The MM2 control (for advanced users) is used to set all the parameters of the instrument providing the capability to create new applications.
Both software tools incorporate fully automated data evaluation based on the NIST spectra library (National Institute of Standards and Technology), the Bruker CWALib (optional) and TICLib (Toxic Industrial Compounds) or a customer specified library.
RAPID - Standoff CWA/TIC Detection
Toxic Gas/Vapour Threat Mitigation
The RAPIDplus is a compact, robust passive infrared detector for standoff detection of chemical agent clouds. All known chemical warfare agents (CWA) and critical Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TIC) are monitored, detected and identified automatically. This system, built to exacting Military Standards, can be mounted on a variety of mobile platforms, including vehicles, ships and helicopters, and performs real-time field screening while underway. The passive sensor, scanner, electronics and control unit are integrated in a single compact housing.
With a range that can be measured in kilometres, all known chemical warfare agents (CWA) and many critical Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TIC) can be detected automatically and identified immediately from a library stored on a connected computer. This robust system, built to exacting Military Standards, can be operated as a standalone device, for example, being deployed from a vehicle and then operated from a tripod. For full integration, there are versions of the RAPIDplus that can be mounted permanently on vehicles, ships and helicopters, where it will provide realtime detection and identification even while underway.
For land-based integration projects, two standard colours of the RAPIDplus are available depending on the camouflage requirements.
For Maritime applications the grey version of RAPIDplus features a special exterior and saltwater-resistant seals.
At the heart of RAPIDplus is a passive infrared sensor system based on a Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) component. If a hazardous chemical cloud enters the field of view and which exhibits even a small temperature difference between the cloud and the background, characteristic IR data can be obtained. These data, known as IR spectra, are transferred via Ethernet to a PC and software compares them with entries in a spectral database (library) to identify the threat.
Key Attributes of RAPIDplus:
- Robust and compact design
- Passive detection; no external laser
- Advanced graphical user interface
- Minimal power consumption
- Fast event detection and alarm
- Continuous monitoring even when underway
RAPIDplus Control Software - VIDEO OVERLAY MODE
A spatial scanner, mounted on the top of the RAPIDplus offers operator-selected coverage of the target region; rotating through a full 360°. The elevation range of the scanner can be set between +50° to -10°, and runs in a raster pattern, giving precise, controlled coverage of the target areas. A colour camera is integrated with the scanner and is aligned with the IR view. This camera allows the operator to direct RAPIDplus to specific regions
RAPIDplus system provides an advanced display of the region of interest. First, a series of images of the area are taken and stored, then stitched together to form an overview image. The operator is then able to interact with this overview, based on the requirements of the mission or deployment. Sectors can be chosen, using the zoom controls if required, and the threat substances defined by reference to the compounds available from the library. A live video feed, superimposed in a section of the panorama, facilitates immediate monitoring of the areas of interest.
When any of the defined threat substances are detected, a visual alarm is raised almost instantly, and an intrusive pop-up graphic identifies the detected compound. Additionally, this visual alarm can be linked to an audible alarm in the computer. Under alarm conditions, the image changes and shows the relative concentrations of the detected substances. These are superimposed as blocks of colour at the locations where the detection events have taken place. RAPIDplus continues to track these detection event as concentrations change and the cloud moves.
RAPIDplus Control Software - STANDARD MODE
When required, RAPIDplus system can also be operated with the Standard Mode (legacy) display of the original RAPID system. This mode is preferred when RAPIDplus is being used on a moving mobile platform. Further, when combinations of RAPID and RAPIDplus systems are in the same fleet it enables the use of a consistent display and therefore a consistent concept of operation even for static measurements. In this way, operators can move seamlessly between original and next-generation systems with ease.
The spatial scanner, mounted on the top of the RAPIDplus offers full coverage of the target region. The operator can select their target area from a full 360° rotation with elevation settings from +50° to -10°. The software controlling the scanner head moves it in a raster pattern, giving precise, controlled coverage of the target. A colour video camera, aligned with the IR view, allows the operator to direct RAPIDplus to specific regions from which measurements are taken.
The graphical user interface of the Standard Mode provides a live video feed from the colour camera associated with the spatial scanner. This is shown in a dedicated, userresizable, display element. In a separate segment of the main display, the chosen sector scan is shown and the associated elevation/suppression setting is shown in nearby. As with the RAPIDplus Video Overlay Mode, any alarm is shown with an intrusive pop-up graphic and the sector in which the release has been detected is identified readily in the sector view. The pop-up visual alarm can be linked to the controlling computer’s speakers to produce an audible alarm as soon as the visual alarm is shown.
Should the deployment requirements change, the Video Overlay Mode can be accessed quickly using the VOM button, which is found in the lower segment of the Standard Display.
RAPIDplus - Vehicle Integration
Whenever military or first responder personnel need to deploy into a toxic environment, speed of response and personal safety is paramount. To mitigate these situations, solutions have been developed and refined to provide secure mobile detection platforms.
Supporting the protection of the operators and crews and simultaneously deploying detection technology integrated with a vehicle platform offers a number of clear advantages, including the capability to deploy standoff detection devices such as RAPIDplus. Standoff detection gives advanced warning of potential threats as it can detect clouds of toxic gas at distances measured in kilometres, whilst still keeping the vehicle and its crew out of harm’s way.
RAPIDplus can be deployed on a tripod as required, but optimum deployment readiness is achieved when the system is integrated with the selected mobile platform. Bruker offers proven anti-shock mounts, which have been fully optimised for integration with vehicles, ships and helicopters, and other mobile platforms. These mounts are also available in different finishes depending on your requirements.
MIR - FT-IR Mobil Spectrometer for powder analysis
De-tector - Drugs & Explosive Detector
DE-tector has been designed and built to meet the needs of the market, combat current and emerging threats; whilst maintaining the high quality and reliability
expected of Bruker products at a competitive price.
The innovative twin tube system enables dual drugs and explosive detection and does not split the sample meaning no dilution and greater sensitivity. DE-tector has been designed with the operator in mind and is simple to use and maintain with low through life costs.
Unambiguous displays and controls mean that DE-tector can be used after minimal training. Displays can be limited to traffic light indicators or opened up to a full scientific view.
- Non-radioactive IMS source
- Simultaneous detection of trace Drugs and Explosives
- Minimised false alarm rate
- Low cost of ownership
- Flexible multi-level software concept
- Prisons and Remand Centres
- Critical Infastructure Protection
- Security Checkpoints
The screen of the notebook computer can be rotated through 180° away from the test subject or laid flat on the top of the instrument. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the results are only visible to the authorised operator.


Before we delve into what those seminal changes might be, we have to get a handle on something called a smart contract, which is a central premise of the blockchain technology. The term itself describes a technology that has the ability to substitute legal contracts with digitization and automation. This would cut down delay in successfully carrying out transactions that is the norm in conventional contacts. The moment a delivery would happen a payment would get made.
These days smart contract has come to denote the software that makes computation on blockchain possible. That brings us to what blockchain itself is. To the uninitiated it can be described as a widely distributed and highly decentralized ledger which has been cryptographically secured. Each block within the ledger is referenced to the previous block and all the approved transactions, since that approval.
Now this transaction may pertain to myriad things. Everything from government, logistics, and education to healthcare, manufacturing and energy can leverage the properties of blockchain technology to obtain unprecedented enhancement in scale and efficiency. It is estimated that the adoption of blockchain technology across industries will add value to the extent of trillions of dollars in the next twelve years.
Let us look at the ways blockchain technology could prove to be a major disruptor in the near future:
1. Decentralized Cloud Storage- Even though we all store a lot of our vital information on the cloud, the fact is that we are queasy about handing control of important aspects of our lives to another entity. You always worry about how your data might get compromised and misused.
Blockchain data storage will resolve that problem in one fell swoop. No longer will any single entity be the sole custodian of all your data. Besides, the level of security will be a lot higher in the case of blockchain data storage on account of the very nature of the technology. This is because multiple copies of every transaction exist on multiple computers making hacking impossible.
2. Digital Security- Everyone knows that digital security is a huge issue worldwide. This is something on which billions of dollars are being spent annually. Blockchain technology can provide a secure way of carrying out all manner of digital transactions. If for instance, banks were to adopt blockchain technology, their customers could receive a secure digital ID rather than have accounts opened in their name. What’s more, only they would have access to both the details of the account and the funds therein. Even the banks would not possess the ability to access their customers’ funds!
3. Transformation Across Sectors- The application of blockchain technology across sectors is only a matter of time. Take the case of the real estate sector where there is a lot of opacity in the transactions. Often the records are inaccurate due to mistakes or fraud. Plus there is loads of paperwork. Blockchain technology can comprehensively cleanse the system of all these problems. With very little paperwork involved and the documents becoming easily verifiable with regard to their accuracy, issues pertaining to transfer of title will be a thing of the past.
Healthcare institutions like hospitals can share vital information across their networks without in any way compromising the sensitive data being conveyed. Similarly blockchain technology can make the voting system faster, more accurate and extremely secure.


- D. Ramírez, A. G. Marques, and S. Segarra, “Graph-signal reconstruction and blind deconvolution for structured inputs,” Signal Process. (Special issue on Processing and Learning over Graphs), vol. 188, p. 108180, Nov. 2021.
- P. Moreno-Muñoz, D. Ramírez, and A. Artés-Rodríguez, “Change-point detection in hierarchical circadian models,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 113, p. 107820, May 2021.
- P. Bonilla-Escribano, D. Ramírez, A. Porras-Segovia, and A. Artés-Rodríguez, “Assessment of variability in irregularly sampled time series: Applications to mental healthcare,” Mathematics (Special issue on Recent Advances in Data Science), vol. 9, no. 1, 2021.
- D. Ramírez, I. Santamaría, L. L. Scharf, and S. V. Vaerenbergh, “Multi-channel factor analysis with common and unique factors,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 68, pp. 113–126, 2020.
- V. Garg, D. Ramírez, and I. Santamaría, “Sparse subspace averaging for order estimation,” in Proc. IEEE Work. Stat. Signal Process., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2021.
- P. Bonilla-Escribano, D. Ramírez, and A. Artés-Rodríguez, “Modeling phone call durations via switching Poisson processes with applications in mental health,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Work. Machine Learning for Signal Process., 2020.
- P. Moreno-Muñoz, D. Ramírez, and A. Artés-Rodríguez, “Continual learning for infinite hierarchical change-point detection,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Process., Barcelona, Spain, 2020.
- Y.-H. Xiao, D. Ramírez, and P. J. Schreier, “A general test for the linear structure of covariance matrices of Gaussian populations,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Process., Barcelona, Spain, 2020.


Vanderbilt University submitted by Emily Matijevich: At Vanderbilt University, the NBD team combined the efforts of the Biomechanics and Assistive Technology Lab and the Center for Intelligent Mechatronics who visited to local high schools and hosted a three-hour open-house at the University. During the open-house, visitors toured the labs, interacted with faculty and students, and participated in lab demos. The first demo, “mind control,” used the Human-Human Interface kit from Backyard Brains to demonstrate the effect of neural stimulation on muscle activity and muscular control of an orthotic device. Next, the group explained how biomechanics instruments, such as motion capture and force plates, are used to assess movement. Finally, the team displayed several powered orthotic and prosthetic devices currently used in clinical settings. Throughout their NBD event, the Vanderbilt team was able to show a wide range of biomechanics devices and applications capable of inspiring a career in biomechanics and other related fields.
Here is a link to the lab!


Tony Sabatino’s professional experience consists of twenty-five years in engineering and management with expertise in telecommunications, mergers and acquisitions, business development, construction, RF Engineering, system designs, and project management.
In his last role with Sprint Nextel, he worked in areas such as engineering, operations, network design, RF systems, merger due diligence, new market builds, capital budget planning and execution. Additional career experience includes engineering consulting roles with AT&T, Sprint Local and Long Distance, MCI, Cell One and United telephone.
Tony has served as a Board Member for the PCIA Cost Sharing Clearinghouse, Board Member for the University of Kansas Faculty Advisory Committee representing Electrical Engineering, Cystic Fibrosis Heart of America, and Nortel’s Industry User Group.
Tony holds a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and has a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering.


The IPDS Kit will enhance your HP Laserjet to a real IPDS printer, which is connected to network using the internal HP network card.
Just plug into a free slot of the printer and then it works. The IPDS Kit completes your network printer for IPDS/AFP applications. Using such multi functional printers you will lower your costs and administrational work.
The IPDS configuration, like for example tray control and margin properties, you can directly control at the printer control panel. Network connectivity is given by the HP JetDirect print server and the IPDS DIMM Kit converts the AFP/IPDS data streams. Connection to an IBM Host (AS/400 or S/390) is given through TCP/IP.
That guarantees optimal data transmission und full printer control at least to the ready print job.
Advantages of the IPDS kit
- Native IPDS emulation
- HP Qualified 3rd Party Solution
- IBM emulations: 3112/3116, 3812/3816, 3912/3916, 4028, 43xx, InfoPrint
- Seamless emulation switching between PCL, PostScript, IPDS and transparent ASCII
- 240 and 300 dpi resolution
- IBM 3812/4028 Raster resident fonts
- Outline resident fonts
- Margin adjustments
- Directly supports bi-directional PPD/PPR Host protocol via HP JetDirect print servers


Everlasting Memory: New Device Stores 360TB for up to 13.8 Billion Years
This could store the entire history of mankind on one device!
Scientists at the University of Southampton have made an unprecedented step forward in data storage with the development of a digital storage device capable of surviving for billions of years.
Using nanostructured glass, the team of scientists at the university’s Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) were able to record and retrieve five dimensional (5D) digital data by femtosecond laser writing, as illustrated in the video below.
The new device, which is a small, coin-sized, glass disk nicknamed the “Superman memory crystal,” can store up to 360 terabytes per disc and remain stable at temperatures up to 1,000 degrees Celsius (1832 degrees Fahrenheit). The device will also have a nearly unlimited lifespan, with scientists estimating that the device could last up to 13.8 billion years if used and stored at room temperature.
In a statement, professor Peter Kazansky from the ORC said, “It is thrilling to think that we have created the technology to preserve documents and information and store it in space for future generations. This technology can secure the last evidence of our civilisation: all we’ve learnt will not be forgotten.”
Now, important documents from human history such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Newton’s Opticks, and the Bible can all be saved as digital copies onto the device. It could even outlast the human race, which indicates remarkable progress in the age of digital information storage.


CSC 325 Operating Systems with an Emphasis on UNIX
Chapter 2 Computer System Structures
- Computer-System Operation
- I/O Structure
- Storage Structure
- Storage Hierarchy
- Hardware Protection
- General System Architecture
The modern computer system consists of the CPU and a number of device controllers are connected
through a common bus that provides access to shared memory.
- Devices include such thinks as a printer, a disk, a tape drive, etc.
- Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type.
- Each device controller has a local buffer, a temporary data storage holding place.
- The CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from the local buffers along the system bus, which is just a set of wire connections along which data can be sent.
- I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller.
- Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing a what is called an interrupt.
Turning the power switch on initiates an operating system boot program. Then the modern computer
sits idle till some event takes place, since the typical modern operating system is interrupt driven, meaning that the operating system keeps waiting until
an event sends what is called an interrupt. The interrupt could be a software interrupt such as a system call
or a hardware interrupt sent through the system bus.
What happens when interrupt occurs?
The interrupt causes the transfer of control to the appropriate interrupt service routine program. The address of the interrupted instruction must then be saved.
While an interrupt is serviced, typically other interrupts are disabled.
Events are signaled to the operating system
by interrupts or traps. A trap or exception is a software generated
interrupt, that is caused by an error or a user request such as writing
some value in some memory location.
How are interrupts handled?
When an interrupt occurs the hardware transfers the control to operating system.
The operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing the registers which are special data storage and manpulation areas on the microprocessor. This includes the
Program Counter (PC) register, which keeps track of the address of the next instruction to be loaded into the instruction register (IR). Then the operating system determines what type of interrupt has occurred,
either by polling - i.e. querying each I/O device or by a vectored
interrupt system. The corresponding code in operating system is executed depending
upon the interrupt.
Types of Interrupts
- Hardware - Asynchronous
Device informs CPU that something has happened e.g. a key has been pressed on the
- Hardware - Synchronous
CPU has tried to do something that has caused the interrupt. e.g. tried to read from an
invalid memory location. (This is not always a problem, it may just mean that the needed data is on disk
and needs to be fetched).
CPU asked for the interrupt to happen. e.g. to perform an operating system.
- I/O devices use Asynchronous Hardware Interrupts (i.e. caused by outside world and may
happen at any time).
- Transfers control to the interrupt service routine, through the interrupt vector, which
contains the addresses of all the service routines.
- Interrupt handling is a very important part of the operating system.
- Before turning control over to an interrupt handler, the operating system must preserve the state of the CPU by storing all registers.
- Determine which type of interrupt has occurred:
- by polling - ask each device if it caused the interrupt or
- by vectored interrupt system - device identifies itself when it causes the interrupt
- Determine which I/O device caused the interrupt, then index into
the device table for that device, and modify the table entry to reflect the occurrence of the interrupt.
- Separate segments of code determine what action should be taken for each type of interrupt.
Input and Output (I/O)
Each I/O device controller has a local buffer and set of special registers. The device controller is responsible for movement of data between the device and its local buffer. The operating system keeps a device-status table that consists of
information on each device: type, address, and state. e.g. disk unit 1; busy; address xxx.
To start an I/O operation, CPU loads the appropriate registers within the device controller. Looking at
the contents, the device controller determines what action to be taken. (e.g. if read, then device
controller copies the data to the buffer). Once the device driver finishes its work, it sends an interrupt to
Synchronous or Blocking I/O
- Once synchronous I/O started, then control returns to user program only upon I/O completion.
- The CPU sits idle or waiting for an interrupt, and only one interrupt can take place, i.e. after the I/O.
Asynchronous or Non-Blocking I/O
- After I/O starts, control returns to user program without waiting for I/O completion.
- One key thing is that asynchronous I/O is more efficient, since the CPU can do other work while I/O is taking
Direct Memory Access (DMA) Structure
DMA is used for high speed I/O devices that are able to transmit information at close to memory speeds. The key
difference with other I/O transfers is that the CPU is not interrupted for each word to be transferred, but only at the beginning and the end of an entire block transfer.
- Used for high-speed I/O devices able to transmit information at close to memory speeds.
- Device controller transfers blocks of data from buffer storage directly to main memory
without CPU intervention.
- Only one interrupt is generated at the beginning and end of each block, rather than at the beginning and end of each word.
- Main memory is the only large storage media that the CPU can access directly. This is done through the instruction cycle:
- Fetch: Get an instruction from memory, store it in instruction register (IR), and increment the Program Counter (PC).
- Execute: Decode and execute instruction, possibly fetching the operands and storing in internal registers, and/or storing the result in memory addresses.
- Main memory is small and typically volatile, so there is
Secondary Memory. Secondary storage is an extension of main memory that provides large non-volatile storage capacity. One good example is the magnetic disk.
- Magnetic disks
- Disk surface is logically divided into tracks, which are subdivided into sectors.
- The disk controller determines the logical interaction between the device and the
Storage of data can occur in a number of locations
-registers - cache - main memory - electronic disk - magnetic disk
- optical disk - magnetic tapes.
- Storage systems can be organized in a hierarchy according to:
- Most programs make accesses to memory which are localized
- in time
i.e. the program spends a lot of time executing short sections of code.
- in space
i.e. the program reads and writes to certain memory locations a lot; these locations tend
to be close together.
- Caching - copying information into faster storage system; main memory can be viewed as a
fast cache for secondary memory.
- Dual-Mode Operation
- I/O Protection
- Memory Protection
- CPU Protection
Two modes are provided by the hardware - the user mode and the monitor (also called kernel mode or supervisor mode or system mode)
mode. A mode bit is typically added to computer hardware to indicate the
current mode. When the system boots, the hardware starts in monitor mode.
The operating system is loaded and then a user process is started in user mode.
When an interrupt occurs, the hardware switches to monitor mode.
When the operating system gains control, it is always the monitor mode and
before passing control to user program, it switches the hardware to
- User mode - execution done on behalf of a user.
- Kernel mode - execution done on behalf of operating system.
- Sharing system resources requires the operating system to ensure that an incorrect program
cannot cause other programs to execute incorrectly.
- Preferable to have hardware support to differentiate between at least two modes of operations.
- Intel 8088 had no mode bit - so there was no dual mode in
- Intel 80486 has a mode bit so Windows NT and IBM operating system/2 uses this
- Mode bit added to computer hardware (in CPU flags) to indicate the current mode: monitor
(0) or user (1).
- When an interrupt or fault occurs hardware switches to monitor mode
- Certain privileged instructions can be issued only in monitor mode.
- Some CPUs have more complex protection mechanisms with many levels of protection
(sometimes called rings).
- All I/O instructions are privileged instructions.
- Must ensure that a user program could never gain control of the computer in monitor mode.
- The operating system has unrestricted access to any memory address, but the user does not.
- Must provide memory protection at least for the interrupt vector and the interrupt
- In order to have memory protection, add two registers that determine the range of legal
addresses a program may access:
- base register - holds the smallest legal physical memory address.
- limit register - contains the size of the range.
- Memory outside the defined range is protected.
- When executing in monitor mode, the operating system has unrestricted access to both
monitor and users' memory.
- The load instructions for the base and limit registers are privileged instructions.
- In practice, memory protection is much more complicated than this. A device called a
Memory Management Unit (MMU) controls access to memory.
CPU Protection - how the operating system stays in control.
We must prevent the user program from gaining control and not relinquishing it such as getting stuck in an infinite loop, and
then never returning control to operating system. Thus, we use a timer. Before giving control to a user, the operating system loads up the
timer to interrupt after a given time slice. Once the timer interrupt occurs, the control is turned back
to the operating system. At this point the operating system may send out a fatal error message or
may increase the user's timer limit.
- Timer - interrupts computer after specified period to ensure operating system maintains
- Timer is decremented every clock tick.
- When timer reaches the value 0, an interrupt occurs.
- Timer used to implement multiprogramming and time-sharing.
- Timer also used to compute the current time.
- Load-timer is a privileged instruction.
- User programs can not disable interrupts.
Given that I/O instructions are privileged, how does the user program perform I/O? Through the system call which is the method used by a process to request action by the operating system.
- Usually takes the form of a trap (software interrupt).
- Control passes through an interrupt vector to a service routine in the operating system, and the mode
bit is automatically set to monitor mode.
- The operating system verifies that the parameters are correct and legal, executes the request, and
returns control to the instruction following the system call.


Ask the Infrastructure Experts! Lesia's Q & A Corner
The Chatter Around DVI
DVI (Digital Video Interface) seems to be the new popular option in digital devices such as projectors and LCD displays. I have noticed with this popularity DVI has become the question of the day regarding video connections on the plant floor. As we enter, the digital world we must become more educated with new technology such as DVI and learn what it has to offer.
VGA (Video Graphic Array) which was brought to us by IBM in 1981 offered a 16-color display with a maximum resolution of 640 (pixel) by 480 (pixel) but also included lower resolutions. By 1991, high-resolution VGA-compatible adapters had come to the market. These early chips used a VGA programming model but had more memory and could support resolutions such as 800x600 or 1024x768 in 16 colors, or 640x480 in 256 colors. This became the standard and is still today but VGA seems to be going to the way side little by little in the commercial markets now that the media and PC industries are pushing for the digital age. DVI's ability to improve image quality and transfer rates does make it the best successor to analog.
There still is the question of what is DVI and what does it offer? DVI is a specification created by the Digital Display Working Group to accommodate analog and digital interfaces with a single connector. Due to the lack of standardization for digital interfacing DVI was born.
DVI is designed to carry uncompressed digital video data to a display. It is partially compatible with the High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) standard in digital mode (DVI-D), and VGA in analog mode (DVI-A). The DVI interface uses a digital protocol in which the desired illumination of pixels is transmitted as binary data. When the display is operating at its native resolution, it will read each number and apply that brightness to the appropriate pixel. In this way, each pixel in the output buffer of the source device corresponds directly to one pixel in the display device, whereas with an analog signal the appearance of each pixel may be diminished by its adjacent pixels as well as by electrical noise and other forms of analog distortion.
DVI uses an interface known as Transition Minimized Differential Signaling (TMDS). A single DVI link consists of four twisted pairs of wires RGB and 1 clock to transmit 24 bits per pixel. The timing of the signal almost exactly matches that of an analog video signal. The picture is transmitted line by line with blanking intervals between each line and each frame, and without packetization. No compression is used and there is no support for only transmitting changed parts of the image. This means that the whole frame is constantly re-transmitted.
With a single DVI link, the largest resolution possible at 60 Hz is 2.75 megapixels (including blanking interval) this gives us our standard 4:3 ratio (1915x1436 pixels), 5:4 ratio (1854 x 1483 pixels) or widescreen 8:5 ratio (2098 x 1311). The DVI connector therefore has provision for a second link, containing another set of RGB twisted pairs. When more bandwidth is required than is possible with a single link, the second link is enabled, and alternate pixels may be transmitted on each, allowing resolutions up to 4 megapixels at 60 Hz. The DVI specification mandates a fixed single link maximum pixel clock frequency of 165 MHz, where all display modes that require less than this must use single link mode, and all those that require more must switch to dual link mode. When both links are in use, the pixel rate on each may exceed 165 MHz. The second link can also be used when more than 24 bits per pixel is required, in which case it carries the least significant bits. The data pairs carry binary data at ten times the pixel clock reference frequency, for a maximum data rate of 1.65 Gbit/s x 3 data pairs for a single DVI link.
Like modern analog VGA connectors, the DVI connector includes pins for the display data channel (DDC). DDC2 (a newer version of DDC) allows the graphics adapter to read the monitor’s extended display identification data (EDID). If a display supports both analog and digital signals in one input, each input can host a distinct EDID. If both receivers are active, analog EDID is used.
Now that that we have a better understand of DVI, you need to realize that in Industrial Manufacturing VGA remains the standard but when we start to mix consumer displays with your industrial application such as ACP thin clients and terminal services we run into the VGA versus DVI dilemma. Despite its age, VGA still offers full HD resolution of 1920x1080. In a manufacturing environment, there is no inherent advantage to using DVI. VGA still offers the quality display image you need for your application. When shopping for consumer display you just need to make sure they have VGA I/O since a lot of the larger LCD’s only have DVI. If you find yourself in this issue, there is the option of a VGA to DVI converter as well.
In addition, Advantech currently offers a thin client with DVI and Arista is working on a new thin client with DVI for 2010; therefore, we should have less issue in the New Year around DVI and how it works.
For more information on VGA, DVI, thin clients and/or display options for your industrial application please contact Lesia Bell at 443.683.8061 or firstname.lastname@example.org
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Logical Glue is the result of successful research and development undertaken as a Spin Out Company (ip4 Ltd) which was formed in 2006. A joint venture between the University of Essex and Industry, the brief was to research and develop new Computational and Artificial Intelligence combinations and techniques to achieve uplift in the accuracy of current predictive analytics systems.
The resulting system won the 2009 Lord Stafford Award for Achievement in Innovation and the foundation techniques are now the subject of a global patent. The system was developed into a powerful commercial software product, gaining an outstanding reputation very quickly for its accuracy and reliability.
In independent technical trials with a leading credit rating agency, Logical Glue demonstrated an 11% uplift in spotting defaults in credit card data when compared to leading statistical regression systems.
With our software currently in use in the financial services sector, our integrated risk management and Advanced Business Analytics supply valuable insight into areas including:


CITSM 2016 is the fourth annual conference in the general area of cyber and IT services management. It provides a forum for presenting and discussing the latest innovations, results and developments in cyber networks, pervasive systems, cloud environments, enterprise and IT related to service management. The conference provides a forum for ICT professionals engaged in research and development to share ideas, interact with others, present their latest works, and strengthen the collaboration among academics, researcher and professionals. It is a single track, highly- selective conference attended by foremost experts in this area from academia, industry and government.
Last conference (CITSM 2014) proceeding has been published on IEEExplore and Indexed by Scopus). This year, all accepted papers that presented in this conference will be submitted to IEEExporer and selected papers are published at one of the following 4 international journals (Scopus indexed) :IJWIS, JMM, IJPCC and IJMCMC with some revisions.


Ouroboros is a prototype Inter-Process Communications (IPC) subsystem for POSIX operating systems. It incorporates a fully decentralised packet switched transport network based on concepts that were developed as part of the Recursive Internet Architecture (RINA).
Ouroboros provides a simple and minimal API for synchronous and asynchronous IPC over this network. Ouroboros can use IP, Ethernet LLC, Ethernet DIX or Ethernet PHY (using the experimental raptor NetFPGA implementation) at the lowest layer.
The best place to start exploring Ouroboros is this introduction presented at FOSDEM 2018.
We are also in the process of adding some tutorials on our tutorials page.
This website is currently under construction and undergoing frequent updates. The documentation is still sparse, please don't hesitate to contact us with any questions you might have.


|Home||» Products||» Level Measuring Indicators||» Capacitance Level Indicator|
Capacitance Level Indicator, Switch And Transmitter is ideally suitable for level having a stable dielectric constant. The performance of these instruments is not affected by the properties of the liquid such as conductivity, corrosiveness and viscosity.
|Tank height Range||0 to 10 mtrs |
(depending upon probe)
|Temperature||Up to 350oC|
|Pressure||Up to 40 Kg / cm2|
|Connection||Flanged to ASA/BS DIN/ |
|Probe Material||SS304/304L/316/316L/PTFE/ |


Minimum Information about a high-throughput SEQuencing Experiment
MINSEQE describes the Minimum Information about a high-throughput nucleotide SEQuencing Experiment that is needed to enable the unambiguous interpretation and facilitate reproduction of the results of the experiment. By analogy to the MIAME guidelines for microarray experiments, adherence to the MINSEQE guidelines will improve integration of multiple experiments across different modalities, thereby maximizing the value of high-throughput research.
The five elements of experimental description considered essential when making data available supporting published high-throughput sequencing experiments are as follows:
The description of the biological system, samples, and the experimental variables being studied: “compound” and “dose” in dose-response experiments or “antibody” in ChIP-Seq experiments, the organism, tissue, and the treatment(s) applied.
The sequence read data for each assay: read sequences and base-level quality scores for each assay; FASTQ format is recommended, with a description of the scale used for quality scores.
The ‘final’ processed (or summary) data for the set of assays in the study: the data on which the conclusions in the related publication are based, and descriptions of the data format.
General information about the experiment and sample-data relationships: a summary of the experiment and its goals, contact information, any associated publication, and a table specifying sample-data relationships.
Essential experimental and data processing protocols: how the nucleic acid samples were isolated, purified and processed prior to sequencing, a summary of the instrumentation used, library preparation strategy, labelling and amplification methodologies, alignment algorithms and data filtering plus data processing & analysis protocols.


Wifi Booster and Signal Amplifier
You are not alone if you have ever found yourself in a spotty Wi-Fi zone. There are plenty of locations where the Wi-Fi signal does not reach. Fortunately, there is a device that can help to amplify the signal, known as a Wi-Fi booster or signal amplifier.
The Various Types of WiFi Boosters and Signal Amplifiers
A router is a device in your home that transmits the WiFi signal from your Internet service provider. But what if your home’s layout or interference from other devices prevents that signal from spreading evenly throughout your house? That’s where a WiFi booster comes in.
WiFi boosters are designed to amplify the signal coming from your router so that it reaches every corner of your home. They come in two main types: repeaters and extenders.
Repeaters take the existing WiFi signal and “repeat” it. They are usually small, compact devices that can be plugged into an outlet near your router. On the other hand, Extenders receive the WiFi signal and then retransmit it at a higher power level. This ensures that the boosted signal is strong enough to penetrate walls and ceilings.
Some newer extenders even come with their own built-in Ethernet ports, so you can hardwire them into your network for even greater speeds (although this will typically defeat one of the main benefits of having a wireless network in the first place). The best way to find out which type of booster is right for you is to consult a professional who can assess your situation and make recommendations accordingly.
The Pros and Cons of Using a WiFi Booster or Signal Amplifier
You might want to use a WiFi booster or signal amplifier for several reasons. Maybe your home broadband connection is weak in certain areas, or maybe you're just looking for a way to get better speeds and reliability from your network. Whatever the reason, there are both pros and cons to using this type of device.
On the plus side, a WiFi booster can extend the range of your wireless signal, giving you better coverage in your home or office. This can be especially helpful if you have a large space that's difficult to cover with a single router. A booster can also help boost speeds and improve reliability by minimizing interference from other devices on your network.
On the downside, WiFi boosters can be expensive, and they may not always provide the results you're hoping for. If your problem is with speed or reliability, it's often due to factors outside your control—like congestion on your ISP's network—that won't be fixed by a booster. There's also the potential for creating more interference if not used correctly, which could further degrade performance.
Considering using a WiFi booster or signal amplifier, weigh the pros and cons carefully before making a decision. In some cases, it could be exactly what you need to get better coverage and performance from your network. But in others, it might not make much difference or even worsen things.
The Different Features That Come With WiFi Boosters and Signal Amplifiers
If you have a poor WiFi signal in your home, you may be considering purchasing a WiFi booster or signal amplifier. But what are the different features that come with these devices? And which one is right for you?
WiFi boosters and signal amplifiers can provide several different features. Some devices amplify the existing signal, while others also include additional features like routers and extenders. Here are some of the different features that you'll find with WiFi boosters and signal amplifiers:
- Signal Amplification: As the name suggests, this is the main purpose of these devices. They amplify your home's WiFi signal to improve coverage and give you a better connection.
- Router Compatibility: Many WiFi boosters and signal amplifiers are designed to work with your existing router. You won't need to purchase an additional router to use them.
- Extended Range: Some WiFi boosters and signal amplifiers include range extenders. This can help extend your WiFi network's reach so that it covers more of your home.
- Increased Speed: By boosting the strength of your WiFi signal, these devices can also help to increase your internet speed. So if you've been struggling with slow speeds, a booster or amplifier could help to improve things.


Verizon wireless phone updating ezine online dating
"Verizon will not be taking part in this update because of the added risk this could pose to Galaxy Note 7 users that do not have another device to switch to," the company said in a statement.
"We will not push a software upgrade that will eliminate the ability for the Note 7 to work as a mobile device in the heart of the holiday travel season.
Once it has been updated for optimal service, a phone will work to its best capabilities.
But then some replacement units started having the same problem.
That caused Samsung to issue a second recall in mid-October and permanently stop production of the device.
Continue Reading Verizon phones are equipped to update when the person who is using the phone changes location.
The phone may change towers that the signal is drawn from, and the phone may begin to go into a roaming mode when it is too far from the home tower.


Existing Echo devices are also getting a features boost. For example, if you say "Alexa, good night" you'll trigger a series of actions on your smart home devices: Your lights will turn off, your TV will turn off, your door will lock.
It has updated far-field technology for improved wake word processing, beamforming technology, and enhanced field noise cancelation.
You can even ask Amazon's voice-powered Alexa assistant to play music in different rooms or have them playing together.
Amazon'snew Fire TV offers access to a growing collection of channels, apps, and Alexa skills, including over 500,000 TV episodes and movies from services like Netflix, Hulu, HBO, SHOWTIME, STARZ, Amazon Video, and more.
Both products are available for pre-order immediately, and will ship next month, Amazon says. A 3-pack will be available for $250.
But researchers suggest it and its smaller sibling the Echo Dot have been the best selling devices of their kind. Previously, consumers could control some of these devices with their Echo, but had to add an additional hub device for any bulbs that weren't using Wifi as their networking protocol.
Alexa's success to date has been about simplicity, and if I was its marketing team, I'd be very anxious this flurry of new devices is overwhelming.
The first in the line is Echo Buttons, which is priced at $20 a pair.
Amazon.com is looking to an ageing technology to continue its push to digitise and connect the home: the landline phone.
In a statement, Amazon said: "As of this afternoon, Google has chosen to no longer make YouTube available on Echo Show, without explanation and without notification to customers". The speaker, which will go on sale Wednesday, is created to compete with Apple's HomePod. At $129, the Echo Spot is an alarm clock-sized speaker that also comes with a 2.5-inch screen and video camera that can be used for video playback and calls.


If you have a camera or a webcam, you really do sometimes record video with their help.
Typically, mobile devices record video in one of standard formats: mp4, mpeg4, avi, etc. Such files are easy to watch them on a PC or convert them to any other convenient format.
However, some devices record video with a special format Motion JPEG, which can not be played on PC and home hardware player.
Many devices generate MJPEG files when capturing video. Motion JPEG (MJPEG) require a lot of space. MJPEG Processor is a tool that converts mjpeg-files to MPEG-4 (DivX compatible).
If recorded video looks like a set of files with obscure names like *.mjpeg, – MJPEG Processor is just for you!


A lot of us have been trying to figure out how to get a solar photovoltaic system for producing our own power on top of the roof of the Co-op. But, the first step in any home or business renewable energy project is conservation, because every watt that we avoid using is one we don’t have to produce. For instance, home solar installations start with lowering consumption by replacing older, less efficient electric appliances, because efficiency in these devices has risen dramatically in the last 20 years. The saved energy – sometimes called “negawatts” – is the most environmentally friendly way for us to transition to a cleaner power economy, without adding solar panels, wiring, breakers, or any other new equipment made from new materials that would have to be mined and processed.
Light bulbs are electric devices that take electricity, measured in watts, and try to convert it into light, which is measured in lumens. Older, incandescent bulbs were measured in watts – think of a “100 watt bulb” – and they work by super-heating a piece of metal until it glows, meaning that most of those watts actually become heat instead of light. Industrial and commercial spaces have traditionally used fluorescent light bulbs (the kind where a fixture has a few tubes four or eight feet long), because they do a pretty good job of converting electricity to lumens. Unfortunately tubular fluorescent light bulbs are unattractive, and their ballasts can hum and interfere with other electrical devices around them. The light color of fluorescents is also a poor match for human vision. So, even where they produce the same number of lumens as an incandescent bulb, the light quality isn’t as effective for things like reading.
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are effectively solar panels running in reverse. They directly exchange electrons for photons and are probably the most efficient form of lighting we can ever have. LEDs work on the photoelectric effect, and the specific quanta of light matching an electron energy level was how quantum mechanics was named; formulating this effect was how Einstein got his first Nobel Prize. The “band gap” of the semiconductor material inside is what controls the color of light that LEDs put out and, unlike many other forms of light, a given LED device will only put out exactly one wavelength or color of light. LEDs lose very little energy in the conversion process to heat, which is why we use LEDs in all sorts of electronics that we can touch.
Lighting Efficiency: How the Co-op Is Improving
Rick Mausert, Honest Weight’s Chief Cooperative Officer, initiated a fluorescent lighting replacement project to install more efficient T-8 form factor LED bulbs in the place of the existing T-8 fluorescents. These bulbs can be used in the existing fixtures but don’t require the existing ballasts. They produce a color of light that’s, lumen-for-lumen, better for human vision. T-8 form factor LED bulbs typically need replacement after 50,000 hours of use, compared with 20,000 for the fluorescents.
You might be wondering, how can a building that we just opened in 2013 already need a major change in its lighting for more efficiency? The answer is, technology changes rapidly. Below is a brief overview of how far it has come in just the last decade.
A decade ago there was a big push to move away from incandescent bulbs to compact fluorescent bulbs (CFLs, the bulbs that look like white spiral tubes). CFLs contain some mercury, take a moment to turn on or warm up, don’t work well with dimmers, don’t work well in the cold, and produce a light that many people dislike. They reduce the power used by the traditional bulbs by 80 percent, so when they were first introduced there was a big push to adopt them. But their odd shade made them difficult for people to get used to, so research continued into other forms of bulbs. In the last few years, affordable LED lights have been produced to serve as replacements for traditional bulbs of all kinds, from the Edison sockets you screw the old incandescent bulbs into, to the fluorescents that fit into a long rectangular ballasted fixture, and even traffic lights.
When we had the new Co-op building constructed, LED lighting was in its infancy—but it’s now ready for prime time. The Co-op’s new LED installation will give about a 20 percent efficiency gain over the older T-8 type of fluorescent bulbs, for a projected savings of 127,125 kilowatt-hours a year and an annual savings of $7,120. This retrofit was supported in part by a National Grid incentive, so the out-of-pocket cost to Honest Weight for the project was $26,000, with a payoff time of a little over three years. This also avoids up to 181 tons of carbon emissions (assuming we’re getting our power from a coal plant). The fact that they are more attractive is just a side benefit. This is definitely one of the brighter ideas for making the Co-op meet the environmental part of the triple bottom line.


This error is mainly caused dues to the memory space issues or hard disk related issues. You can also encounter these issues by encountering this 0xc00000e9 error after installing any update’s or any updating to newer OS versions.
After completing all the issues and installing process and while starting the windows you can receive an error message which will say recovery there was a problem with a device connected to this PC. Furthermore, you can even read an unexpected I/O error has occurred which is error code 0xc00000e9. There is much more reason which can cause this problem windows update, outdates Pc Drivers, incomplete installation, damaged, unplugged hard-disk, and corrupted registry files.
Also Read: 0x80070490
You just have to check the hard disk first, You have to check is it connected properly or is there any dust particle in between the connection. After checking everything its very import to restart the system to check whether the problem is solved or this problem is fixed the error code 0xc00000e9. If then also it is not fixed then you need to follow some of the important instructions.
You need to open the command prompt and then you have to write “chkdsj c”. You need to enter this command without those quotes and then you have to press enter in the windows. Then you have to pass some command “/f/r/x” to ensure, check the verification and also to fix and recover the bad space in the memory. This will help in recovering the bad space in the memory and fix the disk issues as well. After all the changes you need to restart the computer or system. After all this, you need to check if there is any more error code 0x80070020 there or not.
Repair corrupted system files
You need to open the command prompt and then write sfc/scanner and then enter press enter. The system will automatically generate the scanning process which will bring out all the unwanted application and files in your system and then you just have to fix them all. If there is any corrupted file then the files will come on screen or displayed and will get repaired by its own by replacing all the specific files by another using cache memory. Then you have to restart the computer or the system to check if the error code 0xc00000e9 is fixed or not in your windows 10.


Published: November 25 2023
Hungarian scientists at Debrecen University have made a major breakthrough in energy storage with the creation of an eco-friendly, rechargeable zinc-air battery. This battery is made using cellulose derivatives and biodegradable materials, and does not contain heavy metals or toxic materials.
The Advantages of the New Battery
The prototype battery developed by the researchers is not only eco-friendly, but also easily accessible and non-toxic. It offers a promising alternative to traditional batteries that rely on heavy metals for their function. The absence of heavy metals in this battery makes it much safer for both human health and the environment.
The researchers are currently focused on further enhancing the battery's performance without compromising its positive characteristics. They are working on increasing the voltage output of the cells in order to boost the overall performance of the battery. The goal is to develop a more efficient and reliable energy storage solution.
Research Findings Published
The details of the scientists' groundbreaking research have been published in the Journal of Energy Storage. This publication serves as a significant contribution to the field of battery technology and provides important insights for further research and development in the area of eco-friendly energy storage.
The creation of an eco-friendly, rechargeable zinc-air battery by Hungarian scientists has the potential to revolutionize energy storage. By utilizing cellulose derivatives and biodegradable materials, this innovative battery offers a safe and sustainable alternative to traditional batteries. The ongoing research and development efforts aim to improve the battery's performance and bring it closer to real-world applications.
Questions & Answers
What type of battery did Hungarian scientists create? Hungarian scientists created a prototype for a rechargeable zinc-air battery.
What materials are used in the battery? The battery uses cellulose derivatives and biodegradable materials. It is free of heavy metals and all of the used materials are easily available and non-toxic.
What is the current stage of the battery's development project? The development project is currently in the stage of finding ways to increase the battery's performance while preserving its positive characteristics.
Who is leading the development project? Associate professor Dr Tibor Nagy is leading the development project.
What are the researchers doing to boost the battery's voltage output? The researchers are working on connecting the cells in order to boost the battery's voltage output.
Where can I find more details about the battery's findings? The researchers have published details of their findings in the Journal of Energy Storage.


Data processes convert input data to output data. They can contain simulations, but also data conversion, evaluation, aggregation, and visualisation. They should be atomic, i.e. not consist of sub processes but this is not a requirement.
In SciMesh, data processes are of class “Process” just like experimental processes. You can chain them with “cause” relations, meaning that a data process has as its potential input all the data produced by its predecessors.
With “bulk data”, we mean an opaque octet stream of data at a specific URL. In
order to be referred to in a SciMesh graph, the response from the web server
should include a correct content type. Moreover, the URL must contain the
checksum of the data. If the protocol schema itself does not provide this
(e.g. IPFS URLs do), the URL fragment (the part behind the “
contain a hash using Multiformats. In particular, the format is:
In other words, the binary <multihash> is encoded by the function “base()” (e.g. base32), and the character <base> denoting that function (“b” in case of base32) is prepended. <version> is always the byte 0x01.
In order to see the exact data that is used, you have to have a deeper look into the process (e.g. by inspecting the inputs manifest in the processing program). In SciMesh, URLs to bulk input data are not explicit. (Of course, you can make them explicit with your own vocabulary.) Analogously to physical samples, the input is the whole graph of processes (and in particular, their data outputs) that led to this process.
While technically, the program that does the data processing can download any input data, a valid SciMesh graph makes sure that all of that is output of a preceding process. Violating this is like not including all sample-influencing parameters into a physical process.
In some cases that could mean that you have to create a preceding process just to connect it with bulk output data URLs. Just do so, it is fine.
Any data output is represented by URIs that resolve to retrievable URLs with that data, which are connected with the process using custom vocabulary (as it is with measurement data for experimental processes). The process must be the subject of such triples.
Fig. 12 shows


A design study for a ground-breaking radio telescope has been recently approved by The European Commission, through the Horizon 2020 program. The international consortium is led by the University of Oslo, with scientists at the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)’s UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC) in Edinburgh
The Atacama Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope or AtLAST, for short, could provide astronomers with everything from a comprehensive catalogue of the chemicals constituents of galaxies in the earliest Universe – taking a ‘molecular fingerprint’ of primaeval galaxies.
It could be operational in the 2030s and will be a single dish submillimeter telescope, measuring 50m in diameter – enabling new discoveries that cannot be achieved with any current or planned astronomical facilities. It will complement the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and for this reason, since the beginning of the project, PACE scientists have been involved in different activities aiming to raise the attention of the international community on such a project.
Six working groups will now consider different aspects of the design requirements, making a long-term plan for the financial and governmental structure of AtLAST.


UW Student Team Wins $ 100,000 for CO2 Monitoring | Regional news
A team of students from the University of Wyoming won $ 100,000 this month for a carbon soil monitoring project as part of the student carbon removal competition. The $ 5 million contest is part of a $ 100 million initiative by XPRIZE and the Musk Foundation to advance carbon removal technology.
Selected from a pool of 70 participants, the UW team – students Shane Heavin from Rock Springs, Danielle Jones from Gillette, Anna Savage from Greybull and Lander Stone from Laramie – is one of five winners in the Measurement, Reporting and Verification category Technologies “.
The team will spend the next year developing and implementing improvements to an existing soil gas monitoring sensor developed by industrial partner Earth Platform Systems. In the first six months they will develop four prototypes; They then test these four sensors for an additional six months before choosing a final design.
A few weeks after funding was secured, the group is still working on improvements. Options include reducing the sensor size to reduce costs, adding methane detection for use in reclamation wells, and sealing the sensors to expand their applications even further.
Earth Platform Systems’ first generation storage technology has already been deployed at Wyoming CarbonSAFE, the flagship UW carbon storage initiative.
“Our project will focus on detecting carbon emissions from the earth and just making sure these carbon storage sites work as planned,” said Stone, a major in environmental systems science.
From the surface, the 5 foot tall sensor looks like a solar panel on a metal post. But this post extends a meter below the ground, where it measures the CO2 concentration every hour.
Since CO2 always flows through the ground, the researchers collect basic data long before CO2 is injected into the reservoir.
“If there was a big leak, we couldn’t just stick a stake in the ground after the leak and say, ‘Oh, that’s CO2,'” said Ben Flickinger, owner of Earth Platform Systems. “We couldn’t see any change at the moment. So it’s really important to have a base for the normal when we’re trying to make a drastic change like storing carbon underground. “
It’s a big step forward over previous soil gas monitoring methods: before there were sensors, Charles Nye, a scientist at the School of Energy Resources’ Center for Economic Geology Research and academic advisor to the team, had to dig a hole in the ground to get the same data . Compared to the sensors, this manual monitoring was done far less frequently, which means that it would probably have taken a lot longer to detect a leak.
“If the natural bottom gas continues as it does and we know there is no change, that gives us a very good assurance that there is no leak,” said Nye. “We do everything we can to prevent leaks. They are very unlikely. But even if it’s unlikely, we still need to do due diligence and make sure we’re looking for it anyway. So these guys help us with the search. “


Frequent use of a smartphones, tablets or computers may cause you to blink less, which could contribute to your contact lenses drying out. The MoistureSeal® technology is truly a breakthrough in contact lens comfort.
ULTRA For Presbyopia (MULTIFOCAL) 6 Pack
Bausch + Lomb ULTRA Low Add for Presbyopia contact lenses with MoistureSeal® technology helps prevent lens dehydration that may be caused by reduced blink rates. Spending more time on digital devices may mean you are less satisfied with your contact lenses.
- MoistureSeal technology to help prevent lens dryness
- Retain moisture for a full 16 hours
- Provide superior end-of-day vision* for digital device users
- Monthly replacement schedule.


Bar code technology, an automatic identification technology developed and generated computer application for data collection, in an effective way achieved by automatic scanning of information. There is a wide scope of advantages with barcode.
Business integration process in supply chain management has become very simple and more useful with the use of barcodes. It’s an effective identification tool to track products and also to curtail errors. Different types of supermarkets in the country are into the usage of barcode management and identification system.
Supply chain management has been influenced almost every aspect by barcodes, making it simpler and efficient. For timely and accurate information to operate with better warehouse efficiency and lower inventory on hand employing barcode technology in inventory practices are good.
Bar code Increased read rates: Laser scanners have their limitations as they can capture only single lines at a time, thus limiting the ability to “read” information. The new barcode reads using image technology, similar to the one found in digital cameras and microprocessors, thus even the poorly printed or damaged codes are read. The maintenance of the equipment is also minimal.
Bar code Improved Productivity: Supply chain network such as warehouse, transportation providers, retailers, and others scans barcodes as per the entering and exit of packages from their facilities. There is a sophisticated barcode that can read coded packages and parcels from a moving conveyor belt. Improved productivity, accuracy, and efficiency can be seen in large warehouses and shipping companies depending on the type of scanner used, these improvements’ in inefficiency play a vital role in retaining a customer base.
Bar code Improved real-time visibility: Data on a product is transmitted to a host computer or cloud server by the latest digital barcode scanner. Managers, Sales executives, customers, and employees- the main stakeholders are able to track the products’ movement and can be ready to take any action if required at their end. The multiple benefits of improved visibility and transparency.
Bottlenecks can be identified and resolved by the managers. Reduction in calls from customers as they can track their shipments. Scheduling and tracking of inventory replenishments on the storefront can be done, leading to better sales. Understanding/predicting the root cause of delays in the supply chain can be done by storing images and data for later retrieval and analysis.
Bar code scanners reduced the cost of the new improved and advanced technology; the devices are compact and affordable. Even small organizations can also set up without any investment. Modern barcode scanners are compact, powerful devices, that have sleek designs, good user interface, and in-built flexibility. For the stakeholders to invest in these upgraded machines are always a better proposition.