The power supply contains a 5 volt and 3.3 volt regulator. The microcontroller and MAX232 (RS232 Interface Chip) is powered from 5 volts. The SD Card is powered with 3.3 volts.
The power supply is designed to be powered by either the battery or solar panel. When the solar panel's voltage rises higher than the battery (in sunlight), the board is powered by the panel. At night (or any time the panel voltage goes below the battery), the board is powered by the battery.
A current limiting resistor (R27 in the picture) sits in-line with the 5v power supply. On the board, this is a large through-hole power resistor. This resistor protects the 5 volt regulator from overheating by sinking too much power.
Separte LEDs indicate the presence of 5 volts and 3 volts on the power busses.


HygroLog NT and associated
HW4 software comply with
CFR part II regarding electronic recordkeeping.
The HygroLog NT can be networked for the purpose of monitoring and capturing
data from several locations to a PC.
On-site data logging by the
HygroLog NT, combined with the capability of automatically
downloading log files to the PC,
provides protection against
loss of data in the event of a power outage or network failure.
FDA 21 CFR Part II regarding electronic
Can be networked to remotely monitor / collect data
Protects your data in the event of a power outage
Relative humidity, temperature, dew point or other
Multi-probe capability, wide selection of probes to
satisfy every application
Using a docking station,
up to 7 probes and two external
contacts can be connected to a single
With external probe
you can perform measurements from 0 to 100%RH and
Optional internal humidity-temperature probe, protected
against unauthorized removal
Monitoring of up to two external contacts (door, relay
Optional LC display and multi-function keypad.
Large recording capacity with removable flash memory
Operates with a 9 VDC standard or rechargeable battery.
Data download without interrupting the measurements.
Full featured, Windows based
Optional OPC tags allow importing data into practically any
third-party OPC client application.
for fast and easy maintenance.
Advanced Humidity /
Temperature Data Logger
► Complies with FDA 21
CFR Part II regarding
► Can be networked to
remotely monitor /
collect data (Ethernet,
► Protects your data in
the event of a power
optional tags to
allow importing data
into a third party
point or other
probes for fast,
HygroLog NT2 Key Features
Measures and records
and calculated parameter (see list below)
Available with or
without display and
probe designed to
prevent unauthorized removal.
0..100%RH and -50..200°C when probe
isseparated from logger
with a cable (depends on
Large recording capacity
with removable flash
• Full probe adjustment
functions directly from
HygroClip probe for fast
and easy maintenance
Remote mode allows model
with display and keypad
to read / configure models w/o display
connector on top of the
Available with Bluetooth
transceiver (display and
Complies with FDA 21 CFR
Part II when used
together with the
optional docking station
adds the following
features (depends on
docking station model):
Up to 4 additional
HygroClip probes, third
party analogprobes or 4-wire RTD
Monitoring of up to two
external contacts (door,
relay contact, etc.)
provided by an AC
Data download without
interruption of the
Networking (RS485 or
display and keypad
includes internalHygroClip S
data logger only,without internal
data logger only,without internal
display and keypad
data logger only,without internal
HygroClip S probe.
data logger only,without internal
HygroClip S probe.
Each probe input of the
NT3 (or docking station)
can be individually configured
to calculate and record
one of the following
Dew point (Dp)
Frost point (Fp)
Wet bulb temperature
Mixing ratio by
at saturation (Dvs)
The Internal probe of
HygroLog NT2 and
with an internal probe
ship with the probe
retracted for maximum
For a faster response,
the internal probe can
be extended as shown on
the picture to the left.
This is done by opening
HygroLog NT (instructions
are provided in the user
If so desired, the probe
can also be separated
with a length of cable.
NT2 / NT3
HygroClip HK25 / HK40
probe for measurement at high temperature
max. 100ºC. / HK40: max. 200ºC.
length: HK25: 250mm / HK40: 400mm, Ø 15mm
HygroClip HP28 insertion probe
measurement of materials in bulk, max. 85ºC
length: 280 , d: 10mm (0.4")
280 , w:
used to connect
to 7 of
(120mm) / IM-3
recommended for high humidity, high temperature applications
for through wall installation, stainless steel body, wire mesh filter
120/270mm, d: 15mm
HygroClip IE-1(G1/2 ") / IE-3 (NPT1/2 ")
for pressurized applications max. 50 bar (725 PSI)
sintered stainless steel filter
applications at ambient temperature, survives -50...85ºC.
Note: the above probes have a 7-pin connector.
An adapter cable such as the T7-03-B5 is required for connection to inputs
2 and 3 the HygroLog NT3 or to inputs 4 to 7 of the docking station (see Accessories).
Extension cable mod. AC1616 is not compatible with the HygroLog NT.
Docking Stations and Desk Stand
Depending on the model, the optional docking station allows to do the following:
Mount the HygroLog NT to a wall
(logger can be secured to docking station with a padlock)
Place the HygroLog on the optional desk-top stand
Use an external AC adapter to power the HygroLog NT
Connect the HygroLog NT to a PC via a serial port (RS232)
or a USB port
Connect the HygroLog NT to an Ethernet network
Connect up to 4 additional probes to the HygroLog NT
Monitor up to two external contacts (relay, door, etc.)
Connect up to 64 HygroLog NT together in a multi-dropped arrangement (RS-485)
HygroLog NT3 with docking station and desk stand
Basic docking station without internal electronics. This model simply provides a receptacle for an AC adapter used to power the HygroLog NT
Receptacle for AC adapter, one serial port (RS232) and one RS485 port (multi-drop). This model has an internal electronic circuit 1.
Receptacle for AC adapter, one USB port and one RS485 port (multi-drop). This model has an internal electronic circuit 1.
Receptacle for AC adapter, one RJ45 connector (Ethernet) and one RS485 port (multi-drop). This model has an internal electronic circuit 1.
Receptacle for AC adapter, one serial (RS232) port, one RS485 port (multi-drop), four probe connectors (HygroClip or analog probe), one connector for up to two digital input signals. This model has an internal electronic circuit 1.
Receptacle for AC adapter, one USB port, one RS485 port (multi-drop), four probe connectors (HygroClip or analog probe), one connector for up to two digital input signals. This model has an internal electronic circuit 1.
Receptacle for AC adapter, one RJ45 connector (Ethernet), one RS485 port (multi-drop), four probe connectors (HygroClip or analog probe), one connector for up to two digital input signals. This model has an internal electronic circuit 1.
Receptacle for AC adapter, one USB port, one RS485 port (multi-drop networking), four connectors for RTD probe (direct 4-wire connection), one connector for up to two digital input signals. This model has an internal electronic circuit 1.
1 The electronic circuit substantially increases the current drawn from the logger battery. Use over extended periods of
time generally requires an external AC adapter.
2 By nature, these models generate enough heat to noticeably increase the temperature of both the docking station and
data logger. Any probe connected to the HygroLog NT should be separated by a length of cable to maintain the
accuracy of the temperature and humidity data. Please also note that these models require too much current to be
powered from the logger battery alone, even over a brief period of time.
The ROTRONIC HW4 software can be used only with the HygroLog NT. Other ROTRONIC products will added shortly. HW4 is available in two versions:
HW4 Standard Edition: for single users.
Unlimited number of instruments (depends on capabilities of PC and available ports)
On-line display of the measured and calculated values (dew point or other) - limited to a single instrument at a time (instrument may have several probes).
Automatic retention of the most recent data in a temporary on-line buffer.
Logging of measured and calculated values to the PC (can be done simultaneously with local data logging).
Easy-to-read graphs and data tables.
Statistical data: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum (off line data only).
Data print-out (table or graph)
Automatic device/instrument recognition and identification
Adjustment (calibration) of the HygroClip digital probes
Psychrometric Conversion Tool
Built-in security to protect against manipulation of recorded data
HW4 Professional Edition: meets the requirements of FDA 21CFR Part II / GAMP and allows multiple users, with either administrator or standard rights. On each single port (RS-232, USB or TCP/IP), HW4 Professional can monitor up to 64 instruments connected together in a multi-dropped RS-485 network. The number of such networks depends on the number of available ports.
All the functionality of HW4 Standard Edition
On-line display in a single graph of the data from multiple instruments and probes
Overlaying of several log files into a single graph
User Event Logging: automatically keeps track of user activity
Self Event Logging: automatically records eventual software problems to facilitate troubleshooting
Logger Event Logging: automatically records the data logger internal events and configuration changes.
Automatic creation of protocols detailing instrument configuration changes, log function programming and probe adjustments.
Password protected log-in
Indication of an alarm condition when displaying log file data
The following functions will be added to HW4 Professional during 2005 (upgrade will be available on the Internet):
Optical and acoustical indication by the PC of an alarm condition with the option of sending an e-mail or SMS
Automatic reading and archiving on the PC of local log files
A special version of HW4 Professional Edition features OPC tags which can be used to import data into practically any third-party OPC client application.
Computer/Operating System Requirements:
The following are the minimum values required to install and run HW4 on a computer. It is highly recommended to exceed these values.
Processor: Pentium II, 450 MHz
RAM: 128 MB
Available hard disk space: 50 MB
Monitor: SVGA, 1024 x 768, 256 colors
Ports: one free serial (COM) port or one free USB port or Network Interface Card (Ethernet)
Operating System Compatibility:
Windows 98, XP, NT4 with SP 6a or higher
Windows 2000 with SP 2 or higher
Windows Server 2003
HW4 was written for the Microsoft .NET framework and requires this framework to be installed on the computer. The .NET framework offers significant improvements in the areas of networking and user security. When new software is being installed, the .NET framework also eliminates the potential problem of conflicting dynamic library files (DLL).
The ROTRONIC HW4 software allows the on-line monitoring on a PC of an almost unlimited number of networked data loggers, the programming of the data logging function (for each logger and/or on the PC), the downloading and visualizing of the recorded data, the adjustment of any HygroClip probe connected to the HygroLog NT and the configuration of the HygroLog NT itself. When data has to be centralized into a single third-party application, a special version of HW4 features OPC tags. In principle, these tags can be read by practically any OPC client application (of-the-shelf or custom designed).
Connecting the HygroLog NT to a network allows you to remotely monitor and record data on a PC (using a local network or via Internet). This can be done either with the HW4 software or with your own custom application (see HygroLog NT communications protocol). In the event of a power outage, protection against loss of data can be provided by simultaneously recording data both on the HygroLog NT and on the remote PC. Whenever required, the log files located on the HygroLog NT can be downloaded to the remote PC, using either HW4 or a custom designed application.
Networking and communication with a PC requires a docking station. Several models of docking stations are available with the following interfaces:
RS-232 (COM) port
When the number of available ports (COM, USB or Ethernet) is limited, up to 64 HygroLog NT can be connected together using a multi-dropped RS-485 network. In principle, an unlimited number of such networks can be used.
Example 1: Docking station with RS232 or USB port
The number of docking stations with RS-232 or USB port that can be directly connected to a PC depends on the number of physical COM ports and USB ports available on the PC.
Example 2: Ethernet docking station (RJ45 connector)
Our Ethernet compatible docking stations allow a substantial number of HygroLog NT to be centrally monitored by a single PC (up to 253 docking stations per LAN / sub-network). Due to current technological limitations, please note that the HygroLog NT should be not be used with the optional internal probe because of the heat generated by this type of docking station. Accurate measurements require a probe separated from the docking station and data logger by a length of cable.
When equipped with the LC display and keypad, the HygroLog NT can be used to adjust any HygroClip probe connected either to the logger or to the docking station. Probe adjustment functions include the following:
1-point adjustment of humidity (offsets all measurements)
1-point adjustment of temperature (offsets all measurements)
Full adjustment of humidity (from 2 to 4 points)
Full adjustment of temperature (2-point)
The ROTRONIC HW4 software offers the same functions with the additional benefit that a probe adjustment protocol can be generated and printed.
Example of HW4 Probe Adjustment Protocol (also available in MS Word format):
Certified Humidity Standards: if you do not have access to a humidity generator, the ROTRONIC humidity standards offer a reliable and convenient way to generate a reference humidity condition during probe calibration. The ROTRONIC standards are shipped with an internationally accepted certificate, meeting in full the requirements of quality systems such as ISO9000. The standards are available in boxes of 5 glass ampoules of the same value, and can be stored indefinitely. Standards in the range of 5 to 95 %RH are non-saturated aqueous salt solutions. The 0 %RH humidity standard is made of small granules of a highly porous ceramic. A Material Safety Data Sheet is available for each standard.
Calibration Devices: a calibration device is a small airtight container that fits on the probe and seals around the humidity sensor. During calibration, a known reference humidity is produced inside the calibration device by means of a humidity standard.
Internal Humidity / Temperature probe
Plug-in ROTRONIC HygroClip S
Operating limits electronics
Humidity: 0…100 %RH
Temperature: -30…70 °C (-22…158°F) / -10…60 °C (14…140°F) with display
Battery operating limits
Alkaline battery: -10…+50 °C
Lithium battery: -30…+70 °C (-22….158°F)
Internal probe: 0…100 %RH, same temperature limits as logger
External probes: See probe specifications
HygroClip probes are available for temperatures within the range of -50…200°C
Logger: UART / Bluetooth (option)
Docking station: RS232 or USB or RJ45 (Ethernet), RS485
Internal Power supply
9V battery ≥500 mAh
External power supply
Via docking station (allows use of a rechargeable battery)
> 1 year - w/o display, 1 probe, 15 min. log interval
Graphic LC display (option)
Last 170 events such as configuration changes, alarm, etc.
Simplified functions, viewing of logged data
Internal probe adjustment
Direct from internal menu
External probe adjustment
Direct from internal menu (HygroClip probes only)
Logger probe inputs
+ 2 external HygroClip probes
Docking station inputs
Up to 4 probes (HygroClip probes, analog probes or RTD probes (Pt100) and
2 external contacts (depends on docking station model)
Plug-in Memory Card
Compact flash memory card (16 MB standard - up to 1 GB)
(16 MB compact card)
400,000 data points in text file format
752,000 data points in encoded binary format (protected)
Programmable from 5 sec to 24 hours
Start / Stop, with programmable date and time
Optical and acoustical - programmable
ABS, internal protection grade IP65
Logger: 155 x 106 x 37 mm Docking station: 110 x 70 x 37 mm
300 g Docking station: about
175 g NT desk stand: About


New to the RECUTECH range
During the ISH 2017 trade fair, you might have noticed two new products that have entered our portfolio of heat exchangers.
These are an optical CO2 sensor (NDIR) with modbus RTU connectivity, which automatically regulates the performance of the connected recuperation unit depending on the values measured.
The second product joining the ranks of our electronic devices is the regulation module for rotary heat exchangers.
This is a set of equipment designed to regulate a rotary heat exchanger in a single unit. The set comprises the actual regulation module, a rotation sensor with a magnet – delivered as standard, a 2 m connecting cable and a high-quality stepper motor. Depending on the required performance, customers can chose from three different motors – 5,3 Nm to 12 Nm.


Walking and outdoor equipment: Hardware : Power & Electrical Supplies
Outdoor Gear Directory
Power & Electrical Supplies
Re-engineered to be lighter and smarter, the Nomad 7 Plus Solar Panel has the innovative technology to charge USB devices directly from the sun. The Nomad 7 Plus features an auto restart that’s smarter than anything else on the market. With the ability to track power flow history, it knows the difference between a device that has reached a fully charged state and one that disconnects due to environmental causes, i.e. lack of sunlight, shadow, solar eclipse, etc. When the latter is detected, it automatically reconnects the charging device, no extra work on your part is needed. Detachable kickstand provides optimum angle placement, natural shade for charging devices and a vented pocket for temperature regulation. Weatherproof layering easily sloughs rain and snow.Several key components work together to ensure you have the best solar charging experience, including the Solar Intensity Indicator. These 4 LED lights are indicative of current solar conditions and give you an idea of how well your gear will charge.
The Nomad 7 Plus Solar Panel from Goal Zero is the smart way to charge your devices anywhere. It has been redesigned to be smarter and light and uses innovative technologies to charge directly from the sun. With its removable kickstand and power-flow indicator give you the best solar charging capabilities. It is designed to be used outdoors and is modular so you can connect multiple panels for improved charging. It includes a zipped vented pocket on the back for storage of cables and to keep components out of the sun for improved performance. It features an auto-restart function so if the device disconnects prematurely due to going into the shade, for example, it will automatically reconnect the device. Intelligent components give you the necessary output whatever USB device you are charging. It has an easy to read solar intensity LED indicator and junction box which displays the strength of sunlight and is also useful to offer instant feedback to optimise solar placement for maximum charge.


This splitter is an economical and practical, high-performance and high-reliability PoE remote power receiving device based on the IEEE 802.3af standard, which can separate power and data signals transmitted through network cables. Power supply equipment that complies with the IEEE 802.3af standard is configured to provide data and power for network equipment that does not support PoE.
POE Splitter(Power Over Ethernet)
Plug and play, no need settings.
0 °C~40°C (32℉~104℉ )


NAB PREVIEW: Telecast Fiber eases transmission challenge
Telecast Fiber heads to NAB with a number of new options for truck vendors and sports broadcasters looking for ways to solve fiber and triax connectivity issues.
Among the offerings is the G2 CopperHead, a camera-mounted transceiver that allows triax-based cameras send signals over fiber cabling. It provides a migration path for low-cost ENG cameras that are used for sports, says Richard Cerny, Telecast Fiber, president and CEO. The generic ENG CopperHead can be plugged on the back of the camera without the need for a triax or fiber back.
The system can also simultaneously do HD SDI output, three analog video channels, composite video, audio, intercoms, and data. It s a really powerful engine, says Cerny.
The company also introduced SCAMP, a SMPTE cable amplifier/repeater that is designed for SMPTE 311 hybrid cables. The optical repeater and power amplifier can be installed in the middle a cable run and can draw power from the SMPTE cable and repeat the signal. Equipped with in-line optical power meters, the SCAMP becomes an effective tool for monitoring and maintaining SMPTE fiber systems and infrastructures.
SCAMP can determine where the problems are in a cable and boost the signals in both directions, says Cerny. It extends the range of SMPTE cables.
Broadcasters looking to reclaim fiber capacity will want to check out Teleport-X, a Wavelength management CWDM multiplexer. The expandable teleport can now handle up to 16 bi-directional wavelengths. Using CWDM technology, each single-mode fiber can now support up to 40 Gbps. This supports as many as 16 high definition video signals or 128 analog video channels, plus any associated audio, in both directions using two single-mode fibers.
And for those looking for help with audio signal distribution Adder II BoothPak can handle up to 512 channels of audio on a fiber. It can handle analog and digital AES audio while converting between them and, with an integrated signal generator and analyzer plus facilities for data and intercom and optical redundancy eases complicated audio set-ups.
Lastly, new Viper II modules include the SG5070 for testing fiber and copper transmission paths and identifying signals in the field. The new generator is capable of producing four different video test patterns in seven HD formats and six SDI formats. Other features include the option for fiber optic ST connector outputs that enable direct-to-optical testing. Another new option is the 5269 SD/AES transmitter/receiver set that transports one SDI (270M) or DVB-ASI video signal and two independent AES audio signals on a single wavelength.


Time Series forecasting is an important area of Machine Learning because there are so many prediction problems involving a time component.
However, while the time component adds additional information, it also makes time series problems more difficult to handle compared to many other prediction tasks.
Time series forecasting is basically looking for patterns and eventually spanning them over long sequences.
The Prophet package in R and Python can make predictions according to the previously encountered data. Prophet, developed by Facebook engineers, is very popular in time series. Data can be represented at different points populated by example from demand history of your ERP or CMMS.
Multiple Inputs and Outputs
Time Series forecasting often requires dealing with multiple inputs and forecasting multiple time steps. A neural network can be applied which allows for a fixed/multiple number of inputs for a mapping function. The neural networks support multivariate inputs and thereby supporting multivariate forecasting. Complex Time Series evaluation requires multivariate and multi-step forecasting. Neural networks support an arbitrary number of output values as well to help with multiple outputs in time series forecasting.
Deep Learning methods offers a lot of promise for Time Series forecasting, such as the automatic learning of temporal dependence and the automatic handling of temporal structures like trends and seasonality. With their quality of extracting patterns from the input data for long durations, they have the perfect applicability in forecasting. They can, therefore, deal with large amounts of data, multiple, complex variables and multi-step actions, which is what time series forecasting demands.
Jean Michaud P.Eng.


Shielding a GoPro’s EMI / RF Noise
I have seen lots of talk about the noise that a GoPro produces and it’s potential effects on UHF radios. I didn’t think much of it until I got a RangeLink LRS recently and also had a crash on my tri that might have been related to a loss of signal.
A post on FPVLab has discussed how others have measured the noise from a GoPro and how it can be drastically reduced by shielding the camera with copper foil. While this is cool, I don’t want to cover my cameras more or less permanently with copper foil.
This is the solution I have come up with. I created paper templates for the Hero1/2/3 cameras. I print the template, cut it out, cut the features I want access to and then trace it onto the copper foil. I stuck the copper foil onto freezer paper which has a glossy side. I kept the glossy side opposite of the foil. This way when I cover my GoPro with the shield, I can use a bit of tape to keep it all held together and the tape will come off without tearing the paper.
I haven’t tested the before and after yet but might be purchasing the RFexplorer so I can measure the noise. Others have noted that in addition to the copper shield, a ground wire should be soldered somewhere on the shield.


CX7555BI X-ray Inspection System
CX7555BI – With large tunnel for sceening oversized carry-on baggage, it is perfectly suitable for inspection of hand-held baggage, and parcels in airports, customs, railway stations etc.
- Excellent image performance and objects identification capability
- Smart image geometry correction algorithm is applied to reduce object distortion in x-ray images for better identification
- Passed CAAC Certificate
|Tunnel Dimensions||755mm(W) × 555mm(H)|
|Dimensions||2340mm(L) ×1000mm(W) ×1500mm(H)|


FROM: NETWORKSHOP, OTHERNET
SKILL LEVEL: BEGINNER
Knowing how to manually configure a network interface, like a wired or wireless network adapter, on Linux is vital if there is no automatic configuration service (like DHCP) offered on the network to which you’re attached. It is of further use knowing how to set up networking hardware on the command line, especially when you are logged into a machine somewhere else.
An example may be you are connected to a machine over a wireless interface and need to configure the wired card so that it can connect to the Internet. At these times a Graphical User Interface is of no use, especially on small embedded computers without connected displays and keyboards.
List available network interfaces
ifconfig (or interface config) is a tool for manipulating network devices (Network Interface Controller, or NIC) on UNIX systems.
The following command will list all available devices to be configured on your system.
sudo ifconfig -a
The -a switch stands for list all, regardless of whether they’re configured or not.
When run on the system on which I’m writing this document, the following output is given:
lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:154805 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:154805 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:73061530 (69.6 MiB) TX bytes:73061530 (69.6 MiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:a5:9c:63:b9 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:94:f6:1e:c4:df BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Here we have an Ethernet device eth0 and a wireless wlan0 device. We also have lo or loopback device, used by software services and their clients running on the local machine. It will not be covered here.
Devices are generally numbered sequentially, so if we were we to have two Ethernet devices, one would probably be eth0 and the other eth1. If we were to have three wireless devices they may be named wlan0, wlan1 and *** wlan2***.
Network devices are referred to as NICs or Network Interface Controller.
Configuring network interfaces
Join a network with NIC eth0
Let’s assume I have a network switch to which other devices are connected by cable. The network is a 10.0.0.* network. There is no automatic network configuration service such as DHCP running on this network.
1. CHOOSE AN IP ADDRESS
How we choose an IP address depends on the situation at hand but it cannot be an address used by another device (network host). Let’s assume 10.0.0.11 is free for me to use.
2. SET THE IP ADDRESS
I can assign the IP address 10.0.0.11 like so:
julian@ce:~$ sudo ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.11
Note that I have to use sudo as I am altering the state of hardware, a low level operation. Now I can type the following to check the IP was set:
julian@ce:~$ ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:a5:9c:63:b9 inet addr:10.0.0.11 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
I can see inet addr:10.0.0.11 in the output. So far the IP has been set but I can’t yet be sure I’m connected to other devices.
3. CHECK CABLES ARE CONNECTED
Ensure the Ethernet cable has active link lights (usually green) when the device is connected to the switch or other network hardware.
4. TEST WITH A PING
Let’s assume I know a laptop on the network already has the address 10.0.0.17. I can use the command ping to send it a tiny packet of data. If it is returned to me, I know I am not only on the network but able to converse with that device:
julian@ce:~$ ping 10.0.0.17 PING 10.10.0.17 (10.0.0.17) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.0.17: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=15.3 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.17: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=14.7 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.17: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=14.8 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.17: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=15.1 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.17: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=14.9 ms
Seeing that the data is returning (“64 bytes from 10.0.0.17…”), I can hit CTRL-C to close ping and start interacting with that device over the network.
If I was so see the following in the output, I would know I can’t reach that particular network host:
From 10.0.0.17 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
I would then try to ping other network hosts. If I can reach others but not this device, then I’d know the issue is likely with the device at 10.0.0.17, rather than mine.
Request an IP to be automatically assigned to NIC eth0
Let’s now assume I’m later in a different location and would like to use a local network there.
On this network there is a DHCP service (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) that can automatically assign me an IP, assuming there’s a free slot and/or my device isn’t blocked. This is almost always the case in universities, offices, studios as it’s much more convenient than having to assign an IP oneself.
I don’t need to know anything about the network, which IP range it is operating on or other details.
1. ASK A DHCP SERVICE ON THE NETWORK FOR AN IP
I can ask the DHCP server, usually running on a network router, to grant me an IP on the eth0 ethernet NIC. I use the -v switch for verbose, so that I can see the output of the process.
julian@ce:~$ sudo dhclient -v eth0 Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2 Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Listening on LPF/eth0/00:24:a5:9c:63:b9 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:24:a5:9c:63:b9 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPACK from 192.168.100.1 bound to 192.168.100.152 -- renewal in 37134 seconds.
Reading the above output I can see that the DHCP service at 192.168.100.1 has granted me the address 192.168.100.152. It will be renewed in 37134 seconds.
2. TEST WITH A PING
Just as before, we need to test that we truly can read and write to other NICs on the network. If you believe the network to which you’ve connected should provide you with access to the Internet, you might try pinging a remote machine:
julian@ce:~$ ping criticalengineering.org PING criticalengineering.org (22.214.171.124) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 91-64-73-247-dynip.superkabel.de (126.96.36.199): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=10.35 ms 64 bytes from 91-64-73-247-dynip.superkabel.de (188.8.131.52): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=10.33 ms 64 bytes from 91-64-73-247-dynip.superkabel.de (184.108.40.206): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=10.31 ms 64 bytes from 91-64-73-247-dynip.superkabel.de (220.127.116.11): icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=10.34 ms
Disconnect NIC eth0 from a network
You can disconnect from a network at any moment by ‘taking down’ the NIC. It’s as effective as pulling out the network cable:
julian@ce:~$ sudo ifconfig eth0 down
Connect to a wireless network on NIC wlan0
Wireless NICs like wlan0 have two components: the radio part that connects (associates) to a wireless network on a specific channel and the networking part that operates on it, using just the same technology as a wired NIC like eth0. For this reason we have to use two different tools to configure wireless NICs, iwconfig (wireless configuration) and ifconfig (network configuation).
Here I can look at the wireless state of my NIC wlan0 using iwconfig:
julian@ce:~$ iwconfig wlan0 wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=0 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off
As the output shows, the NIC is not currently associated to any network.
Here I will associate with a network (with the ESSID) CE. This is no different from selecting a wireless network on a device like a smartphone:
1. BRING THE NIC UP
Unlike a wired NIC like eth0, which is activated the moment it gets an IP, I have to bring the NIC up before I can use it.
julian@ce:~$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
2 . SET THE ESSID. ASK TO ASSOCIATE
julian@ce:~$ sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid CE
Looking at iwconfig output now for wlan0, we can see it has changed. The ESSID option shows “CE”. We can also see the quality of the link (almost perfect at 68/70):
wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:"CE" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.472 GHz Access Point: 00:90:4C:D0:0F:A3 Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power=15 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=68/70 Signal level=-42 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:61 Missed beacon:0
3. JOIN THE NETWORK
Just because I’m associated doesn’t mean that I’m on the network. I still need to either set or ask for an IP.
Interestingly enough I can manually configure any IP I like and use any wireless access point (hotspot) I like to build a network. Generally with wireless routers however the goal is to connect to the Internet to which the wireless router itself has access. Being a router, which is in effect a little computer, it probably runs a DHCP service.
We can try and ask for an IP just as we did above with eth0:
julian@ce:~$ sudo dhclient wlan0
Scanning for wireless networks
First, bring up your wireless device, if not already:
julian@ce:~$ sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
Now scan, using the wireless tool iwlist:
julian@ce:~$ sudo iwilist wlan0 scan
Look for ESSID in the output.


The versatility of the raspberry pi allows it to be used in a multitude of ways, specifically Raspberry Pi’s can be used to build modular weather stations to monitor the environment conditions in multiple areas. This project is the creation of a network of raspberry pi’s taking temperature, pressure, and humidity data in the Advanced Particle Detection Lab (APDL) run by the physics department at Texas Tech. An undetermined amount of sensors, each consisting of a raspberry pi and BME280 sensor, make up the data collection end of our system each sensor sends their data back to a hub server which then aggregates the data and allows it to be analyzed at a centrally located terminal. The climate control of the APDL is important because the lab is manufacturing environmentally sensitive radiation sensors, and such the HVAC systems must be monitored closely. In addition to the rooms, there are sensors placed in two dry cabinets that must be kept below a certain humidity level. The goal is for this project to complete the network created such that this technology could be duplicated and used by other research labs looking for environmental monitoring.
My involvement in this project currently is to create a secure network of all the sensors and raspberry pi's that allow for the transfer of data in the correct pipeline using the MQTT framework. I have set up the MQTT server with broker enabled publish-subscribe system to direct the data stream to central hub Pi. I also created the dashboard for our lab website for real time monitoring of the "weather" conditions. I have used apache as the web server and MySql as the backend of the website to serve as a database for the sensor data and used a php based secure system to facilitate management of the database. Moreover, I aided in the electrical assembly of the sensor enabled microcontroller by soldering various components and engineered the calibration and installation of 12 sensor enabled Raspberry Pi’s to record data at a user‑defined rate. More recently, I haved developed an AI enabled alarm system that notifies the stakeholders of the lab through texts and emails using the SMTP library
Poster and Oral Presentations:
Advisor:Nural Akchurin, PhD
Muons are elementary particles able to penetrate deep into structures, allowing us to image through very dense material. The muons we interact with are created in the Earth’s upper atmosphere from cosmic rays colliding with the nuclei of air molecules. These high-energy collisions result in pions, which often decay into muons and muon neutrinos. The muon flux reaching the Earth’s surface is about 10,000 muons per minute per square meter, making them the most abundant cosmic ray particle at sea level. These charged particles lose energy mostly through inelastic collisions in materials. Many of these collisions can take place per given path length, causing substantial energy loss. The energy loss per unit length (-dE/dx) is generally given by the Bethe-Bloch formula3 and is used to describe the density-dependent energy loss in materials. Muon tomography is a technique that uses this fact and the measured muon flux to reconstruct images. Muon tomography has been used to image large objects such as volcanoes, buildings, and ancient archaeological structures for more than 50 years. In his pioneering work, Alvarez searched for hidden structures in an Egyptian pyramid in 1970, thus showing the noninvasive feature of muon tomography and its applications.
The goal of this project is to develop a portable muon telescope that is capable of the best possible angular resolution that is physically attainable. Developing such a system requires an efficient muon detector, communication electronics, and excellent software for reconstructing the muon trajectory. Our first prototype telescope (Phase I) was built at the Advance Particle Detector Lab at Reese Technology Center in the summer of 2019 for training purposes.
For this project, I assisted with the development of a Neural Network Architecture (Asymmetric Deep Mixture Density NN)that predicts muon hit locations from photon time propagation with a 87% accuracy. Presently, I am working on developing and implementing high fidelity readout schemes using FPGA systems for applications in Phase II Muon Telescopes.
- SA Shanto, K Binu, S Cano, M Howard, C Gabriel, C Moreno, V Bradley, Machine Learning Applications in Muon Tomography, in prep


Our team at Lanier Valley Dentistry is well equipped and well trained in the latest digital radiography techniques. We might find it necessary to use the method the next time you come in to see us, so let us explain what it is.
Digital Radiography is the next step in medical imagery. Instead of using traditional x-ray film to take one frame at a time, digital radiography takes x-rays and records the resulting image in real-time on a digital capture device. These can then be shown on display for you and our dentist to see. This technique rivals MRI and CAT scan in their ability to scan and give a clear, convenient image of your body. This aids our experts in diagnosis and treatment immensely.
Digital Radiography in Dentistry
Using digital radiography in dentistry has many benefits over traditional x-rays. Conventional X-ray films are taken like a camera with single shots, and the x-ray films will need to be developed for every x-ray taken. If there is a problem with focus, blur, angle, lightness, or if the film were not developed properly, or if the angle did not show the dental issue, then another x-ray must be taken. However, with digital radiography, since the x-ray is being captured in real time, it would be like a difference between a still film camera and a video camera. If the angle, lightness, contrast, and exposure need adjusting, it can be done in real time to improve the image needed.
Also, capturing the x-ray imagery digitally not only gives an interactive 3D image, but it also gives a convenient way to save digitally for medical records and to send to specialists when we recommend you to them and send them your medical charts. This also makes it easy for us to send them to your medical insurance company.
Also, since x-ray capture devices used in digital radiography are more sensitive than conventional x-ray imagery, the radiation used to provide the image needed in real time is lower than that in conventional x-rays. However, as a precaution, you will still need to wear a lead apron or thyroid protector, and pregnant women are recommended not to use x-rays before birth.
When We Use It
We use digital radiography when a standard examination does not give us the information that we need. If we suspect that you may have deeper issues, then we will need to use digital radiography to have a look at what is happening beneath the skin. It can help to detect and diagnose conditions such as decay, while it can also help us to identify if certain teeth need to be removed to allow more space for other teeth. We will only use technology when we feel it is necessary to do so.
If you wish to ask more about the digital radiography technology that we have, feel free to ask when you next book an appointment with us or call us at Lanier Valley Dentistry at (678) 802-8654. We will be more than happy to answer any questions you might have,


The study of properties of magnets, magnetic substances and of associated
phenomena is the subject matter of magnetism. Earlier it was limited to the properties
of load stone,(a magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3 O4
A magnet (natural or artificial) is one which exhibits two important properties
(i) attractive property and
(ii) directive property. Magnets attract small pieces of substances like iron or steel. This property of attraction is found to be greatest near the two ends of the magnet. The points near the ends and lying inside the magnet
where magnetism appears to be concentrated are called the poles of the magnet. When
a magnet is freely suspended in a horizontal plane, it always comes to rest approximately in the North-South direction. The pole of the magnet pointing towards
north is the North pole. The pole pointing South is the South pole.
In 1750 John Michael using a torsion balance showed that magnetic poles exert
attractive or repulsive forces on each other. He also showed that these forces vary
inversely as the square of the separation between the poles. Hence, the force between
two magnetic poles is similar to the force between two electric charges. However, there
is an important difference. Electric charges can be isolated while magnetic poles
cannot be isolated. Magnetic poles always occur in pairs. All attempts till today to
isolate poles i.e. to detect an isolated magnetic pole have been unsuccessful.
The discovery of magnetic effect of electric current by the Danish scientist Hans
Oersted and the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction by Michael Faraday and
independently by Joseph Henry clearly established that magnetism is ultimately
electrical in nature.
The electrical field at a point in space is defined as the net electric force acting on
a unit positive charge placed at that point. Similarly, the gravitational field at a point
in space is the net gravitational force per unit mass. In the same way the magnetic
field at a point in space (also called magnetic flux density or magnetic induction) is
defined in terms of the magnetic force acting on a moving charge.


Flora Guo, Year 2 Engineering.
Inspired by the need for sustainable, compact power sources for wearable devices and novel LED light-up shoes, this project aims to design, build, and test a “proof-of-concept” piezoelectric insole. Four piezoelectric pads were attached to a foam insole and wired to bridge rectifiers in parallel. The output of the insole was tested with a multimeter as a potential function of pressure applied to the pads and the number of pads pressed. This project found that the generated voltage is dependent upon only the pressure applied when the pads are wired in parallel. The final insole was generated 1.5 of DC current, but further improvements must be made before the insole can be considered a viable power source.
As wearable devices boasting both clinical and fitness and activity tracking applications (Khalid et al. 2019) are increasingly integrated into healthcare, the need for a compact, independent power source has been heightened. These devices range from smart watches to adhesive patches used to monitor human vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood saturation, blood pressure, and body temperature (Dias and Cunha, 2018). The convention of electrochemical cells to suit this demand has failed due to its finite energy storage capacity and its potential hazard to both human health and the environment (Zhao and You, 2014). To fill this demand, a novel solution is investigated: harvesting mechanical energy from human motion (Starner, 1996). The inspiration for this project originated from the LED light-up shoes often worn by children. I wondered how the shoes lit up once a step was taken, which led me to research piezoelectric components. I was intrigued as to whether this could be a reliable source sustainable energy and this interest culminated in my project.
The process by which energy on the scale of nW to μW is collected and transformed into useful electrical energy is known as energy harvesting (Yusuf et al, 2013). Energy can be harvested from ambient sources such as mechanical vibrations, thermal gradients, solar energy, and rotational kinetic energy (Davidson and Mo, 2014). Yet human motion, more specifically the stepping the motion, is both plentiful and easy to harness via piezoelectric elements. Thus, this investigation seeks to design and build a “proof-of-concept” piezoelectric insole and explore its viability as a sustainable power source for wearable devices.
Piezoelectricity is the ability of a material to produce an electric voltage when placed under stress in the form of compression or expansion (Howells 2009). Piezoelectric materials are transducers, which means that they convert physical signals (mechanical stress) into proportional electric signals in the form of a voltage (Electrical4u, 2019). The piezoelectric element is a crystal containing randomly oriented locally polarized magnetic regions, which align when subject to mechanical stress (Chapman et al. 2017). As a result, one side of crystal becomes positively charged while the other becomes negatively charged, creating a potential difference (Piezotechnology: Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity) (Fig. 1). This potential difference then allows for electrons to flow through a load, enabling work to be done.
Figure 1: PZT piezoelectric crystal before (left) and after (right) mechanical stress, which represents the dipole density or polarization of the crystal. From: Pinin 5 Aug. 2010
Similar work has been conducted with the aim of converting human motion into useful electrical energy. In 2014, J. Zhao and Z. You created a shoe-embedded piezoelectric energy harvester insole that provided 1 mW of power at a 1 Hz step frequency. Their energy harvester utilized a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric crystal, which is more flexible but less cost effective than lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Yet another example of piezoelectric elements in action is in Filipino college student and inventor, Angelo of channel ASCAS’s 2017 prototype of a step-powered shoe generator. Angelo wires his piezoelectric elements to a portable battery pack, which he uses to charge small electronic devices. Lastly, in 2017, students at New Jersey’s School of Engineering and Technology used piezoelectric elements to power a light-up shoe. The students were able to power a 7.4 V LED strip (approximately 300 LEDs in parallel) using two 3.7 V rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries as an energy storage system. They discovered that the circuit depicted in fig. 2 yields the highest efficiency for energy generation, which will be the starting point for the circuitry of this project.
Figure 2: Energy harvester circuit diagram, From : Chapman N. et al. “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting with 3-D Printed Light-up Shoe”
This project uses ten circular 27 mm diameter Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric elements mounted on a foam shoe insert (fig. 3). The voltage generated by the PZT piezoelectric pads are converted from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and measured with a multimeter.
Figure 3: Sketch of completed piezoelectric insole (Flora Guo, 2020)
Materials and Method:
Ten PZT piezoelectric pads (Digikey) were placed onto the right-hand side insole (Better Feet) and the perimeter of each pad was traced with a ballpoint pen. A box cutter was used to make a circular cut along the drawn perimeter. 4 cm of the box cutter was exposed and used to saw away the fabric inside the circumference of the ballpoint outline, resulting in a cut-out 27 mm in diameter and 0.5-1.5 mm in depth that exposed the foam underneath (Fig.4). Each PZT pad was then secured into the cut-out using a square of double-sided foam tape of side length 1 cm. The leads of each PZT pad was threaded through ready-made perforations in the insole. Due to time constraints, only the bottom-most four PZT pads had insulated jumper wires soldered onto each of their leads (Fig. 5). Heat shrink tube segments 3 cm in length were threaded over each solder connection and shrunk with a heat gun.
Figure 4: Removal of fabric cut-outs with box cutter on insole (Flora Guo, 2020)
Figure 5: Workstation, soldering the PZT leads to insulted jumper wires (Flora Guo, 2020)
Four bridge rectifiers (RPelectronics) were soldered onto a (23 × 18) hole perforated board (Elegoo) and the excess leads were trimmed with a wire cutter. The leads of the PZT pads were soldered onto the AC inputs of the bridge rectifiers. Insulated jumper wires were cut into 15 cm segments and the ends trimmed with a wire trimmer. The wires were soldered onto the DC outputs of each bridge rectifier. All of the positive leads were bridged together into a positive terminal with solder and the same was done for the negative leads. A small LED was soldered between the positive and negative terminals (note the polarity of the LED, wiring it incorrectly will cause it not to light). Approximately 0.7 cm of insulation was stripped off each end of two 5 cm segment of jumper wire. One end of each wire segment was then soldered to either the positive or negative terminals of the bridge rectifier outputs.
Testing the Electrical Output:
The leads of the multimeter were attached to the corresponding positive and negative terminals on the perforated board (Fig. 6). The multimeter was set to 2 V DC and one PZT pads was pressed with a “light” pressure once. The highest reading obtained was then recorded as the multimeter fluctuates rapidly after pressure is applied to the PZT (Fig. 7). This process was repeated for three trials, pressing a different PZT pad for each trial. Three trials were conducted each while pressing two PZT pads simultaneously and then three PZT pads simultaneously. Only three pads were tested, as the soldered connection on the leads of one of the four wired pads broke off. Afterwards, this entire process was repeated with both “moderate” and “high” pressures respectively. Note that “light” pressure is defined to be pressure that caused no visible deformation of the foam insole, “moderate” pressure causes the foam insole to compress by approximately 0.5 mm and “high” pressure causes the maximum deformation of approximately 1-2 mm.
Figure 6: Piezoelectric insole connected to multimeter (Flora Guo, 2020)
Figure 7: Collecting data from the insole with a multimeter (Flora Guo, 2020)
An approximation of the pressure applied per piezoelectric pad was found as follows:
Using an analog scale, the numerical equivalents of “light,” “moderate,” and “high” pressure were measured as masses (kilograms) and converted into force (Newtons) as shown in Table 1. To convert the measurements of mass into force, the mass is multiplied by a factor of g or 9.81 kg m-2, the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Earth. This approach is valid as the analog scale is essentially a Newton scale that converts the readings of force into the mass required to produce that force on the scale. An underlying assumption is that the scale is at rest, which is valid in this case. Considering that the ceramic area of the piezoelectric element is found as follows (radius of ceramic component of piezoelectric component, r is found in the component data sheet):
A = π r2 = π (1.00 cm ± 0.01cm)2 = (3.14 ± 0.06) cm2
The pressure applied to a single piezoelectric element was determined to be the force applied divided by the area of the ceramic component of the piezoelectric component (Table 1). For simplicity, is assumed that all of the possible area on the piezoelectric area is compressed.
Table 1: Pressure Applied per Piezoelectric pad
To evaluate the effectiveness of the insole, a multimeter was used to measure both the voltage and the current produced (Table 2). An uncertainty of 0.1 V was determined on the output voltage, as the multimeter readings fluctuated rapidly after pressure was applied each time. I chose to vary both the pressure applied to the PZT pads and the number of pads pressed in order to explore potential correlations between both variables. The results indicated that greater pressures correlated to greater voltages produced. However, the number of PZT pads pressed simultaneously did not have a significant impact on the output voltage.
Table 2: Voltage Produced from Piezoelectric Insole
No current could be detected by the multimeter under any circumstances. After pressing all of the wired pads with a high pressure with the multimeter set to 200μA, the multimeter still gave no reading.
To visualize the relationship between the information in Table 2, the pressure applied per piezoelectric pad was graphed against the average output voltage (Fig. 8). The graph appears to show a positive relationship between the pressure applied and output voltage, however, the rate of increase of the output voltage decreases as the applied pressure increases. It should also be noted that no trend line was drawn on the graph due to a lack of data points.
Figure 8: Graph of pressure per piezoelectric pad against average output voltage (Flora Guo, 2020)
The insole generated a maximum of 1.5 V of voltage, but no discernible current was detected. As a result, no meaningful power was generated from the insole, rendering it incapable of powering any sort of device. The lack of current was likely due to the absence of a power management circuit. Although the AC signal from the PZT pads were rectified into DC by the bridge rectifier, the DC output was not stored in a useful manner before the piezoelectricity of the crystal reverts to zero when the mechanical strain is removed.
As this insole was designed to explore the viability of piezoelectric energy harvesting for the purpose of powering small wearable devices such as low-power smart watches and heart-rate sensors, the results obtained are understandable. This project demonstrated that inexpensive piezoelectric elements can be used to generate a noticeable voltage from a stepping motion. Nonetheless, the lack of an appropriate power management circuit resulted in the ineptitude of this project as a working prototype. This issue would be the main focal point if a second prototype were to be developed. In the context of healthcare and the applications of this product, improvements must be made to the design before the viability of a non-invasive human-powered generator can be confirmed. Nonetheless, these faults in design are only pointers into further areas for improvement.
In light of published findings, researchers such as Natalie Chapman and peers (2017) were able to bypass the issue of weak current and subsequent power with a power rectifying circuit. By utilising both a charge and discharge circuit that could be adjusted with a vertical switch, her team was able to store sufficient energy in an AA battery pack before discharging the power through a microcontroller and connected LEDs. The use of a microcontroller allowed for precise control of the power distribution, which is an aspect I would like to explore in the future.
With additional time, a power management circuit containing a resistor and capacitor in series (RC circuit) would be developed to build up and release the charge generated from the piezoelectric elements. Moreover, a double AA battery pack containing two rechargeable lithium ion batteries would be wired to the RC circuit in order to store the charge released by the RC circuit. To best control a potential power management circuit, a microcontroller such as an Arduino Pro Mini can be used to direct power to a load appropriately. Lastly, all ten of the piezoelectric elements would be included in parallel into the future circuit to maximise the potential current generated.
ASCAS, Angelo. “Electricity Generating Footwear – Generate Electricity by Walking (Concept).” Instructables, 16 Oct. 2017, https://www.instructables.com/id/Electricity-Generating-Footwear/.
Chapman, Natalie, et al. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting with 3-D Printed Light-up Shoe. New Jersey Governor’s School of Engineering and Technology, 21 July 2017, Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7aa6/d4e5a2aa51631cb549795538bbde8164cb47.pdf.
CUI Inc., Piezoelectric Diaphragm Datasheet, 7 July 2006, Retrieved from https://www.cuidevices.com/product/resource/ceb-27d44.pdf
Davidson J., Mo C., “Recent Advances in Energy Harvesting Technologies for Structural Health Monitoring Applications” Smart Materials Research. Volume 2014; Article ID 410316, 14 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/410316
Electrical4u, “Transducers: Types of Transducers and What They Are” Electrical 4 U. 25 July 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.electrical4u.com/transducer-types-of-transducer/
Khalid S., Raouf I., Khan A., Kim N., Kim H. S., “A Review of Human-Powered Energy Harvesting for Smart Electronics: Recent Progress and Challenges” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology (2019) 6:821–85 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-019-00144-y
Pinin, “Tetragonal unit cell of lead titanate” (CC 0) File: Perovskite.svg, 5 Aug 2010. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity#/media/File:Perovskite.svg
“Piezotechnology: Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity,” Piezo Mechanics Design Tutorial: Fundamentals of Piezotechnology, Piezo Tutorial. [Online]. Available: http://www.piezo.ws/piezoelectric_actuator_tutorial/Piezo_Design_part2 .php. [Accessed: 10-Mar-2020].
Starner T. “Human-powered wearable computing”. IBM Syst. J. 1996; 35:618–629. [Google Scholar]
Yusuf, S.T., Yatim, A.H.M., Samosir, A.S., & Abdulkadir, M., Mechanical Energy Harvesting Devices for Low Frequency Applications: Revisited. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2013; 8 (7), 504-512. Retrieved from http:// www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2013/ jeas_0713_911.pdf
Zhao J., and You S. “A Shoe-Embedded Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Wearable Sensors.” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), MDPI, 2014; doi: 10.3390/s140712497


Google is doing all that it can to sell its Android. With very less takers in the mobile market, it surely needs some apps that are impressive to beat its giant competitors like Symbian and Windows Mobile. The recent Google Earth for Android 2.1 on Nexus One is just what Google wanted.
The new Nexus One is a power packed beauty with 1GHz processor, Android 2.1 and advanced 3D graphics card. The Nexus is also thin and user friendly comparing other android mobile models.
Google claims that its Google Earth for Android is the fastest mobile version of Google Earth with an 800 x 480 screen. Google Earth for Android would contain road layers, road labels on top of satellite imagery very much like the desktop version of Google Earth.
Google have also integrated the Android voice recognition feature into Google Earth so you can get the location of a prominent place by just speaking to the mobile. Isn’t that a cool feature? But is it as simple as it sounds? One has to check it out first hand to comment on this.
Other common features on Google Earth are browsing photos, places and local businesses. Clicking on an icon can let you see videos, photos and info about places around the world.
Google Earth will also be available to all other devices using Android 2.1 or later.


NVIDIA-Grafikprozessoren für Server in Rechenzentren Mit den NVIDIA-Grafikprozessoren für Rechenzentren können Sie Ihre anspruchsvollsten HPC- und Hyperscale-Workloads im Rechenzentrum beschleunigen. Mining with a tesla M2090. roz303 Member Posts: 66 August 2015 in Mining. Building my GPU rig. Still haven't settled on a graphics card just yet. It seems the "standard" GPU of choice is an R9 280X, or similar. It is stated Radeon GPUs get better perfomance overall compared to NVidia based devices. However, in terms of a rough comparison, I did some googling to see how they compare 512 CUDA ... Hello, Jan. It seems to me, that your idea to use NVIDIA Tesla GPUs for mining to get 1 BTC/day is an unreachable goal in current state of things. In my opinion there is no sense in mining on the GPUs… Maybe I am mistaken, and I hope the Experts w... @davethetrousers the CUDA kernel works fine from compute 3.5 onwards. GK210 (K80 GPU) is Compute 3.7 I've always been curious about the performance of my kernel on K80. I had singed up with NVidia a while ago for a test drive, but when they called me and I explained it was for a mining kernel, I never heard back from them . NVIDIA's crazy high-end Tesla V100 costs $8000, is the best single cryptocurrency mining card in the world.
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For a fun sunday video I spun up a VM loaded up with a Nvidia Tesla P40 GPU to see what the performance of this card is compared to consumer GPUs. We are goi... Nvidia GPU Servers - DIY GTX Gaming Servers, Tesla Media Servers, Pascal Professional Servers Subscribe: youtube.com/c/unixpluscom _____... Crypto mining w/ Nvidia Tesla K20x GPU on windows 10. Estimated earnings of 1.2 Ethereum a month using the Cudo Miner Nvidia GPU Servers - DIY GTX Gaming Servers, Tesla Media Servers, Pascal Pro Servers 1U 2U 4U Option - Duration: 13:43. UNIXPlus Wholesale Distributor 107,343 views 13:43 DIY Bitcoin Mining: Hardware (part1) ... Nvidia RTX 2070 GPU Mining Hashrates Review - Duration: 9:51. VoskCoin 7,310 views. 9:51. 8X Tesla V100 WORLD RECORD, Fastest Miner RESULTS! On a $100.000 ...


F1 Fanatic - F1
I have purchased a VGA cable with the RCA colours on the other end, i want to connect my laptop to TV using this, i understand that i need to plug in VGA to laptop, then RCA to Tv, but the RCA colours on my lead are RED GREEN BLUE and on TV are WHITE YELLOW RED PLZZ help, then what is the next step. i know its a bit off topic, but ultimately its so i can watch f1, please help!
If you’ve got a modern laptop, it should have an HDMI out connection. And if you have an HDTV, it will have an HDMI in connection. So all you need is an HDMI cable between the two. Thats how I did it at the weekend.
But seeing as you have a cable with RGB connectors, and you’re saying that the TV has RYW connectors, I’m guessing that they are not compatible?
I know that the Red/Yellow/White inputs are effectively a more messy version of the SCART cable, but the Red/Green/Blue cales are a componant version of… like, somewhere between SD and HD. My Nintendo Wii is connected to my TV via the Red/Green/Blue cables, because it is slightly higher quality than the Red/Yellow/White SCART connections.
VGA only deals with graphics- not sound. Analogue graphics, such as VGA, are made up of a red, green and a blue components, hence the term Component Video. VGA only exists because it’s easier to deal with a single cable than 3 cables.
The yellow connection on your TV is called Composite Video because the entire video signal is carried over a single cable- not split up into red, blue and green. The red and white connections are for stereo sound- left and right, respectively.
The problem you have is that the two are incompatible and you’ll need to buy converters and adaptors to make them work together. But you may not have to do that. Post back and and tell me what connectors you have on your laptop and TV and I’ll get you up and running.
Specifically, does your laptop and TV have HDMI? Does your TV have blue and green connectors, or a SCART socket? Does your laptop have an S-Video connection (one of these- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S-Video_7-pin_quasi-DIN_connector.JPG)?
Note: RCA essentially refers to the shape of the connector and nature of the cable- not the format of the data transmitted through it- that’s what the colours mean.
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You are not reading the latest stable version of this documentation. If you want up-to-date information, please have a look at master.
By popular demand, we are pleased to present this “Do it Yourself” (DIY) guide for the Start9 Embassy personal server!
There are several reasons you might prefer to build your own Embassy instead of purchasing one from us:
You already own the necessary hardware and would like to re-purpose it.
You live outside the US and want to save on shipping costs.
You do not trust Start9’s supply chain.
You do not want to share your shipping address.
You just like building things.
The first thing you’ll need to do is gather the hardware and assemble it.
Power supply for Raspberry Pi 4B Make sure this is at minimum 15w and 3a.
Case for Raspberry Pi 4B (passive cooling is recommended). This means no moving parts and no noise.
If you prefer to use a fan, do not use the official Raspberry Pi fan, as it requires the same GPIO pins as the audio speaker. Instead, we recommend this fan.
A 32GB microSD card (no need for bigger).
GPIO mini speaker/buzzer (These often sell out, please let us know if this link needs to be refreshed)
MicroSD to USB adapter (or you may have a microSD port on your computer)
SSD (minimum 1TB) that connects over USB 3.0 This can be an external drive, or an internal drive with an USB enclosure. Currently the only tested and supported external drives are the Samsung T5 and T7
Insert mini speaker/buzzer into GPIO pins 6/8/10/12 with the word “speaker” facing out, away from the board.
Place the Raspberry Pi 4 board (with speaker attached), into its case.
Plug in the external drive to one of the USB 3.0 (blue) slots
After building your device, you need a copy of EmbassyOS.
Visit images.start9.com and enter the product key
xxxxxxxx (all lower case) to download an image of EmbassyOS.
Whether you purchase EmbassyOS from us or build it yourself, you’ll need to flash it onto a microSD card.
Download balenaEtcher onto your Mac, Windows, or Linux computer.
Insert the microSD card into your computer, either directly or using an adapter.
Click “Select Image” and select your downloaded copy of EmbassyOS.
Click “Select Target” and select your 32GB microSD card.
Be certain you have selected the correct target microSD card. Whatever target you select will be completely erased and replaced with EmbassyOS.
Click “Flash!”. You may be asked to (1) approve the unusually large disk target or (2) enter your password. Both are normal.
After the flash completes, you may remove the micro SD from the adapter, insert it into your Embassy’s SD card slot, and continue to the Initial Setup instructions.


Out of all the renewable energy sources available, solar power is considered to be the cleanest and most reliable. It is currently used by both residential and commercial properties in various forms. The solar panels or photovoltaic panels are responsible in converting sunlight to electricity. The electron present in the silicon cells are excited by the photons found in sunlight. This renewable source of energy then creates electricity which is consumed by the public.
It is common to see solar panels in Brisbane installed on the roof of the properties because it is recommended that panels should be located on a place with no shade. This way, the solar panels will be able to collect sunlight during the prime hours between 9 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon. For optimum result, it is ideal to place the installation where it is facing south. It is vital that there is no shade covering the panels during the day such as trees because the efficiency is affected. In the case of solar panels, shading just one cell will result to a power reduction of over 50 per cent.
Not all roofs have the right angle or orientation for the panels to be installed in but there are pivoting panels available which is capable of following the sun as it moves all day long. For regular panels, it is recommended that the inclination should be the same as the latitude of the site for optimum energy absorption.
The solar panels are also referred to as modules. These are composed of photovoltaic cells that are manufactured from silicon material. The panels gather sunlight and transform it into electricity instead of producing heat. These photovoltaic cells have positive and negative films made of silicon which covered with very thin glass. As the sun shines, photons create a reaction with the electrons that causes them to be attracted to the silicon of the opposite charge. This reaction created electric voltage that can be used if channelled correctly. If there are multiple panels, a fused array combiner is used. At this point, the electricity is direct current and an inverter is used to transform it to alternating current. This is how solar panels in Brisbane are powering houses and businesses.


The demand for selenium by the electronics trade is declining. Its photovoltaic and photoconductive properties are nonetheless helpful in photocopying, photocells, gentle meters and solar cells. Though once broadly used, selenium rectifiers have largely what do crawfish taste like been changed by silicon-based devices. The most notable exception is in power DC surge protection, the place the superior energy capabilities of selenium suppressors make them more desirable than metal-oxide varistors.
The similar goes if you are a human breathing in helium. But the impact of the air you breath upon your weight relies on the medium you are standing in, and you will solely get lighter if the air is more dense than helium. High doses of selenium can even trigger hair loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Selenium can additionally be used for the technology of Cadmium purple, a dye for glass and plastics. Nowadays, the selenium compound is widely used for the therapy of dandruff.
In the past selenium used to dominate the electronics market as it’s a semiconductor but presently silicon has virtually replaced selenium. The RSC makes no representations in any respect in regards to the suitability of the knowledge contained in the documents and associated graphics published on this Site for any function. Commercial use of the Images shall be charged at a rate primarily based on the actual use, prices on utility.
You will find that it has 6 Electrons in outermost shells during which 4 electrons in p Orbital and a pair of Electrons in S Orbital. So, in this, you can also find the number of electrons within the elements. You may even get these ideas and methods of digital configuration on our site.
As you study extra about atomic construction, you’ll learn that the electrons don’t remain in defined areas across the nucleus. They are present in clouds that may have different shapes that embody spheres and dumbbell-like shapes. So keep in mind when you look at our breakdown that the electrons aren’t at all times in a nice neat order as shown here. Now we’re working with the fourth period/row within the desk of components. You may have a straightforward method to know the variety of electrons in a neutral atom, but the placement of these electrons will get a little extra complex.
Excess quantities of Selenium will disturb the event of an embryo or foetus. There are two ways for an atom that does not have an octet of valence electrons to obtain an octet in its outer shell. One method is the switch of electrons between two atoms until all atoms have octets. Because some atoms will lose electrons and a few atoms will gain electrons, there isn’t a general change in the number of electrons, but particular person atoms acquire a nonzero electrical cost. Those that lose electrons turn into positively charged, and those who acquire electrons turn out to be negatively charged. Because reverse expenses appeal to , these oppositely charged ions attract each other, forming ionic bonds.
Let’s take a look at the arrangements of electrons in the fundamental elements of interval four and the extra advanced preparations of the transition parts . If you think it is a little over your head, go back and look at the elements 1-18 which have organizations which would possibly be slightly extra simple. That box on the left has all of the info you want to learn about one component. It tells you the mass of 1 atom, how many items are inside, and the place it must be placed on the periodic table. An atom of sulfur incorporates 16 protons, because its atomic number is 16, and 16 electrons, to be able to be net-neutral.
Carbon has four valence electrons and here a valence of 4. Each hydrogen atom has one valence electron and is univalent….The variety of valence electrons. But the diversity of uses of selenium does not stop with shampoo and horse meals supplements and photovoltaics. Selenium in its allotropic red type is added to glass to offer it a scarlet color, but it additionally can be utilized to take away the greenish tint sometimes found in glass due to iron compounds. Members of a gaggle usually have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell.


- Phone +91 99100 19999
High Voltage Cable
High voltage cable, also known as HV cable is widely used for electric power transmission at high voltage and this high voltage is further used to connect the UV lamp to the ballast or anywhere electrical integrity is paramount. HV cables are especially designed to withstand the harsh environment inside a working UV system. It is environmental friendly as it is manufactured from high quality materials selected to resist ozone and remain flexible even at elevated temperatures. Though, it will also work in ambient temperatures ranging from -190°C to + 260°C.
Being one of the finest quality leading suppliers, Super-Cure can provide you with different lengths of high voltage cable at a very competitive price. Just get in touch with our sales and marketing team to discuss your specific requirements.
Quartz Cooling Tubes
Quartz cooling tubes are made from very high grade material to maximize UV transmission as they are mounted between the UV lamp and substrate in a UV curing system to filter out infrared radiation. It also prevents the system as well as the substrate from overheating which as a result allows the majority of UV radiation to pass through. Quartz cooling tubes are kept cool followed by the addition of air or water being pumped through on a system that passes through chillers.
Quartz cooling tubes are available in different sizes depending on the requirements. Being one of the leading exporters and suppliers for Quartz Cooling Tubes, Super-Cure can provide and supply a widest range of lengths and diameters of quartz cooling tube, especially manufactured to exact dimensions from high grade quartz. Whether it is for air purifications, surface disinfection or water disinfection, we have got you all covered.
Applications of Quartz Cooling Tubes
In many industries, Quartz plate is one of the essential components of various equipment and machinery where good-quality semiconductors are imperative. In order to filter out infrared (IR) radiation, they are mounted between the UV lamp and the substrate. But they allow UV radiation through. Despite the fact, IR radiation can cause the temperature inside the machine to raise too high, causing damage to the substrate or elements of the UV system. The quartz plate also ensures everything stays at the correct temperature.
Super-Cure is one of the leading suppliers or providers of quartz plates manufactured from high-grade quartz, which provides maximum UV transmission. In case if you are looking for good-quality quartz plates, please specify the length, width, and thickness of the quartz plate you require. Our dedicated sales and marketing team would be pleased to provide you with a quotation.
Reflectors are one of the very important equipments which are responsible for the reflection between 50 and 70% of the UV energy source and this is the reason its regular maintenance and cleaning are essential. Being one of the best leaders in the industry, we supply different types of UV system reflectors to suit your requirements. Our wide range of reflectors including;
A dichroic reflector is one of the high quality Lamp reflectors which are used for display lighting that allows heat (infrared radiation) to pass through while reflecting the light in a cool beam. It does not heat the display. It helps reduces the heating of illuminated objects as less infrared radiation is present in the light beam. Keeping in mind that these reflectors are only be used in compatible fixtures which can dissipate the heat. (Dichroic reflectors must not be fitted to recessed or enclosed luminaries with the IEC 60598 No Cool Beam symbol).
Aluminium is used for low wattage applications in free air or forced air-cooling of UV lamps in an end cooled reflector assembly or centre cooled reflector assembly. They are usually used as metal halide reflectors for focusing ultraviolet (UV) light from a medium pressure mercury vapour lamp or UV curing lamp or metal halide lamp.
UV Coated Quartz
UV coated quartz have UV filters that protects a vehicle's paint from sunlight and various contaminants. They are created with a chemically resistant surface. Quartz material used in the equipment is stronger than glass and this is the reason, they can be used at temperatures up to 1050 ° C and has a high transmission from 230nm to 3000nm which further makes it useful for most UV applications.


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Theta took a few weeks extra i think on my unit for the upgrade. ii theta digital generation viii series 3 here are some highlights: 24 bit / 192 khz digital to. 7 kg) boxed with accessories. theta digital generation viii dac we buy all gen viii d.
the xtreme- d- 3 will utilize ti’ s pcm1792; this is the same part used on theta’ s standalone dac offering, the generation viii series 3. pc sound card, dvr, sat, etc. viii two years ago, and have skipped generations vi and vii altogether— by which, clearly, they mean that the gen. we are selling theta generation viii series 2, from first owner in codition 9/ 10. the v uses the same dsp engine for the digital filtering, and even the same filtering algorithm. worldcat- from the theta website: " 8.
v is an evolution of theta' s highly regarded ds pro generation iii processor ( footnote 3). the casablanca 3 hd - ( upgradable to casablanca 4 or 4a atmos anytime with special upgrade pricing included with this purchase) the worlds most upgradable processor with by far the most impressive. " d" is not only the 4th letter of the alphabet, it is also the amplifier class used in our new masterwork. q: can the discontinued generation iii, generation v and / or generation va be upgraded to generation viii series 2 status?
specifications: digital inputs: 2 rca, 1 bnc, 1 aes/ ebu, 2 optical ( 1 toslink, 1 optional at& t) analog inputs: 1 stereo pair on single- ended rca jacks, 1 stereo pair on balanced xlr jacks. theta generation 8 dac/ preamp in as new condition. looks like used series 3 theta generation viii series 3 vergleich units go for $ 5000- $ 6000 us on audiogon also have a compli dvd drive in silver if. theta digital gen viii series 3 dac pre- amplifier pricing information. the big differences in the gen. i purchased this a few years ago and i only used it for a few months.
2 x tripp lite is1000hg isolation transformer for digital source ( transformer 1: cd transport, reclocker / transformer 2: dac) / simaudio moon neo 260 dt cd transport / empirical audio reclocking system: synchro- mesh reclocker driven by dynamo linear power supply, 2 x reference bnc digital cable / schiit yggdrasil analog 2 dac / octave hp 700 preamp / octave re 320 stereo amp with super black. 5 contains fully- balanced differential, zero- feedback circuitry, and zealously selected solid- state devices throughout. i spoke to john baloff and we also didn' t find it but where is the unity gain for my analogue balanced input options on a gen- viii s3 dac. it' s been packed up for a while now. theta digital generation viii d/ a converter specifications description: digital- to- analog converter and analog line controller with remote control. having been satisfied so long with the mark levinson no. master of the art and craft. zip folder using only the theta digital downloader 1. theta digital generation viii d/ a converter page 2. in keeping with theta digital tradition, there is an upgrade path for all previous gen series units, to enjoy the performance, features and aesthetics of the generation viii series 3. the series 3 upgrade costs $ 500 us and be purchased directly from theta and user installed.
click on connect after selecting the correct com port noted in step # 3 above, then click on upgrade, then navigate to the generation viii series 2 v31. dimensions 19″ w x 16″ d x 7. by expanding the number of channels with digital routing, the new card opens a window for improved performance possible from the use of advanced outboard dac’ s like theta digital’ s own generation viii series 3, ” said dave reich, theta digital’ s chief engineer. theta generation viii v2 dac arrived today! theta digital - prometheus. this combined with the theta citadel 1.
we buy all theta gen viii dac' s. price does not include paypal fees or shipping costs. for this part of the review i skipped the connected theta casablanca iv and went straight into my theta generation viii series 3 preamp/ dac. if you are looking at this, you know how great this dac/ preamp is and this one is the lowest price you will find anywhere on the internet. 5 mono blocks is the best sounding setup i have had. please contact your nearest authorized theta digital dealer or international representative for further details. both sets of outputs preserved absolute polarity and featured very low source impedances. the xtreme- d- 3 will utilize ti’ s pcm1792; this is the same part used on theta’ s standalone dac offering, the generation viii series 3. viii is more than a mere. all versions and all colors.
360s, and with the weiss medea and msb platinum plus before it, i was more than a bit disturbed to think that the gen. environment operating temperature: 32° to 95° f ( 0° to 35° c) storage temperature: - 22° to 167° f ( - 30° to 75° c) relative humidity: 95% maximum without condensation. theta digital - generation viii series 3 - dac pre- amplifier. theta digital gen viii series 3 dac in excellent condition. v are the all- discrete analog output stage ( no op- amps, as in the generation iii) and the updated power supply. viii' s sound was so open and grain- free, yet so unaggressive, that it seemed to invite me to turn up the volume.
the heart of the citadel 1. dont waste your time selling and trying to convi. the d uses hypex ncore modules, coupled not with a switch- mode power supply but with a distinctly robust supply of more traditional design and. jason theta generation viii series 3 vergleich victor serinus.
setup the cb iv does not include any video processing and there is no provision for an on- screen display interface either. music server for feeding theta gen viii dac i see there is a notation that says there have been 8 responses to this thread, the last one by audiotroy, but i only see 6 responses, the last one by ricred. many moons ago, in march, secrets published one of the first reviews of theta' s then state- of- the- art two- channel dac/ preamp, the generation viii ( aka gen. because i use the theta generation viii dac for front left and right channels. the upgrade, which can either be easily installed at home or purchased as. on audiogon, the high- end audio community. generation iii, generation v, & generation va q: can the discontinued generation iii, generation v and / or generation va still be serviced? does anyone else see 8 responses, or know why it says there are 8 when i only see 6? everything works perfectly and it includes all original packaging, manuals, cords and remote. add to wish list.
its volume control, which operates in accurate 1db steps, will therefore tend to be used around its - 20db setting in systems with typical gain architectures. the dreadnaught d is the fourth model in theta digital’ s dreadaught series- hence the d, which also refers to the output stages class of operation. the xlr outputs of the oppo udp- 205 were compared to the xlr outputs of my cd player reference, an ayre d- 1xe that includes over 10- year- old 24/ 96 burr brown pcm1704 dacs. 5 is a monoblock power amplifier offering all the advantages of the knowledge, research and dedication that theta digital has brought to its other amplifiers, and then some. this offer is for the amazing theta digital generation viii series 3 dac/ preamp in silver finish. see your authorized theta digital dealer or international rep for more details. i just maxed the gain to simulate unity gain on that particular input and letting my home theater prepro theta generation viii series 3 vergleich handle volume management for movie sources. still, it has been about 10 years since the introduction of theta' s ds pro generation v; only now is theta digital releasing its successor, the $ 10, 000 generation viii. it represents over twenty years of theta digital’ s tireless research and development in theta generation viii series 3 vergleich d / a converter design, and achieves the highest levels of sonic performance possible in a product category that theta pioneered: the external dac. dspro gen viii: 29 lbs: login to see pricing.
theta generation viii dac/ preamplifier. adding the letter " d" to our dreadnaught modular multi- channel amplifier model serves dual purposes. cd transport) to obtain the highest sound quality from those sources, or jitter jail for any lower resolution digital sources ( i. input impedance: 10 k ohms. i connected to the theta generation viii v2 dac: 1 – coaxial digital – marantz ud9004. it represents over twenty years of theta digital' s tireless research and development in d / a converter design, and achieves the highest levels of sonic performance possible in a product category that theta pioneered: the external dac. zip folder on your pc’ s desktop. ( note that you must select the generation viii series 2 v31. go into the generation viii series 2 unit' s setup menu and turn on reclock for any high resolution digital sources ( i. theta, john baloff tech, dave reich president, wanted to ensure that my cb4 - gen viii series 3 combo sounded its very best.
this is a series 2 unit, have the original cards that were replaced, serial number is 28008. sidebar 3: measurements continuing a theta tradition, the generation viii' s maximum output level was very high, at 9v single- ended and 18v balanced. this is is for us to purchase your gen viii dacs! 2 – balanced digital – ps audio perfect wave transport ( pwt) 3 – toslink – directv hd dvr ( set to stereo pcm) 4 – pair of balanced analog cables – marantz ud9004. ) to reduce the digital.
a: no, but there is an upgrade path to the current generation viii series 3. digital section: 5 digital inputs ( 2 s/ pdif rca, 1 s/ pdif bnc, 1 s/ pdif toslink, 1 aes/ ebu xlr). more theta generation viii series 3 vergleich images. theta買取品目リスト 下記に記載のない品物でももちろん対応いたします。 まずはお気軽に【 フリーダイヤル】 へご相談ください。. 5 kg) stand alone, 50 lbs ( 22. : music server for feeding theta gen viii dac. gen viii series 3 dac pre- amplifier:.


My fascination with artificial neural networks stems from their superior accuracy at interpreting complex patterns. It is extremely amazing how systems like Facebook accurately recognize faces in photographs by utilizing these networks. However, I frequently find myself wondering about the apparent paradox: why can these networks excel at pattern recognition but fail with simple computing tasks that even a calculator from decades ago can complete with ease? My curiosity sent me down a rabbit hole, and there I came across DeepMind, the mysterious business that Google bought earlier this year for an astounding $400 million. It was as though a gateway to a whole new world of possibilities had suddenly flung open, with the ground-breaking idea of neural Turing machines at its center.
Imagine a computer neural network that is capable of executing routine computational operations as well as understanding complicated patterns. It resembles the conception of an artificial human brain and offers a peek of what artificial intelligence might look like in the future. This idea both thrills and prompts concerns about the potential advantages and difficulties. The combination of technology and cognitive capacities akin to those of humans promises limitless potential and fascinating conundrums.
Neural Turing Machines are the result of DeepMind’s innovation, which was motivated by Alfred Turing’s groundbreaking contribution in the field of computing. Imagine a prototype computer that successfully integrates regular computing tasks like information copying, item sorting, and association recall with high-level pattern recognition comparable to the best neural networks. The clever union of a neural network with external memory resources, guided by complex attentional processes, produces the magic. The neural network and the memory may communicate with each other without interruption thanks to this memory repository, which serves as a bridge. It suggests the fusion of human-like cognition and cutting-edge technology by evoking the short-term memory processes that occur in our brains.
This innovation’s capacity to pick up new behaviors without explicit programming makes it stand out from the crowd. It’s similar to a computer picking up new skills on its own and learning from experience. In an intriguing experiment, this idea actually came to reality. After training the Neural Turing Machine to reproduce a particular data set, researchers pushed it further by telling it to do it in a particular order. This more difficult assignment was completed by the machine using its newly discovered short-term memory. This demonstrates how it can pick up new algorithms if given lots of examples of existing ones. It’s like watching a computer grow and learn, mimicking how people pick up information and adjust to different situations.
Additionally, the Neural Turing Machine had comparable successes when trained to sort and remember data, demonstrating its adaptability in other cognitive areas. An innovative development in artificial intelligence has been made possible by the convergence of pattern recognition and processing power. We are at the beginning of a new era in which machines not only recognize patterns but also independently learn about and respond to novel situations. This fusion of cognitive creativity and technology inspires hope for the potential of AI.
Neural Turing Machines, in my opinion, mark a fascinating intersection between traditional computing and cognitive abilities akin to those of humans. Both fascinating and thought-provoking, the idea of computers learning and evolving on their own. I’m thrilled by the possibilities for innovation and advancement that this technology offers as someone who is very immersed in the field of technology and AI. The Neural Turing Machine represents the symbiosis between cutting-edge computing and learning mechanisms that are inspired by humans, heralding a significant shift in how we view AI.
I am not just an observer but also a participant in the ongoing story of technological growth as I delve further into the intricate workings of Neural Turing Machines. Being a part of the wave that advances AI and obfuscates the line between human intelligence and machine cognition excites me. The road that lies ahead is both exciting and uncharted, and I’m thrilled to provide my experience to this dynamic industry.


In a groundbreaking development for the global semiconductor industry. One of the world’s largest chip manufacturers has announced plans to establish a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Singapore. With an eye-popping investment of Rp60 trillion. This project to have far-reaching implications for both Singapore’s economy and the worldwide technology sector.
Firstly, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). Currently ranked as the third-largest chipmaker globally, unveiled its ambitious expansion plans in a joint announcement with the Singaporean government. The new manufacturing facility expected to bolster Singapore’s reputation a high-tech hub and attract further investments the tech sector.
secondly, The decision to invest such a substantial amount in Singapore underscores the city-state’s position as a key player in the global tech industry. TSMC’s choice to expand its operations Singapore influenced by several factors, including the country’s strategic location, robust infrastructure, skilled workforce, and favorable business environment.
Thirdly, This multi-billion-dollar investment represents a significant vote of confidence in Singapore’s stability and ability to foster innovation. It expected to create thousands of high-skilled jobs the semiconductor field, ranging from research and development to manufacturing and logistics. These job opportunities anticipated to benefit Singaporean citizens and contribute to the nation’s economic growth.
The new manufacturing plant poised to be a technological marvel Singapore
Boasting cutting-edge facilities for semiconductor production. TSMC known for its dedication to research and development, and the company’s investment in Singapore aims to enhance its capacity to produce advanced semiconductor chips, including those used in smartphones, automotive systems, and artificial intelligence applications.
Singaporean authorities have welcomed TSMC’s investment with open arms, viewing it as a testament to the nation’s commitment to fostering innovation and technological advancement. This venture set to align with Singapore’s broader vision of becoming a global technology and innovation hub.