AWESOME AUTO are REGINAS Retail Sales and Installation Outlet for a variety of REGINAS Automotive Audio enhancements, Remote Starts, Security and performance products for your vehicle.
What you can expect from Awesome Auto: they provide you with state of the art, high-end technological equipment. Installed only by extensively trained, experienced technicians. Awesoem Auto ARE REGINA AUTOMOTIVE INSTALLATION experts on the REGINA DIRECTORY of Excellence!
Here the guys share their first Trusted Tip with you on GPS Systems!
The next time you get lost while driving, savor the moment. Relish the splayed fold-out map across the dashboard…Delight in trying to decipher directions scribbled in orange crayon on an Tim Hortons napkin. And appreciate receiving directions from a stranger telling you to go as far as the crow flies and then turn left at old-man Henderson's Farm ( if you are a women..because you know us Men never stop to ask for directions!) Cherish these episodes, for you may never get lost again due to the emergence of Global Positioning System (GPS) devices as standard features in new automobiles.
What Is It?
The satellite-based Global Positioning System navigation network was originally launched in 1978 by the United States Department of Defense for military purposes. Other commercial interests quickly recognized the potential of GPS, and by the mid-1980s, ultrahigh-tech tracking devices that communicate with the GPS became available on the free market. Today the GPS consists of 24 solar-powered satellites. Each one laps the planet twice a day at speeds close to 7,000 miles per hour. The satellites broadcast constant low-power radio signals to GPS receivers on Earth, which are then used to precisely track a GPS device holder's exact location.
How Does GPS Work?
A GPS device calculates its location through four transmitted satellite signals. The GPS system calculates how far the device is from each satellite, based on how long it takes the receive the signal. And because the system interprets signals from four different satellite locations, it can then pinpoint a precise location for the transmitting device on Earth.
GPS in Vehicles In car terms
GPS is referred to as an automotive navigation system. Most automakers are equipping selected newer models with these devices; otherwise, you can buy one at any car accessory shop ( like KIMTEK, where we install them for you too!) . Automotive navigation systems come in many styles and sizes. Most conveniently mount onto dashboards, allowing you to simultaneously drive and navigate. You can program the device's illuminated screen to display a detailed street-by-street map, a map featuring icons and text, or listed directions only. Some devices provide voice commands, telling you when and where to turn. Others offer additional options including restaurant suggestions, point-of-interest alerts, gas station locations, and routing tips.
Unlike cell phones, GPS reception is unaffected by hills, canyons, passing trucks, or grazing cows. But these systems do have blind spots when you're indoors or underground. So if you're inside a parking structure or a tunnel, you'll be left to your own directional wits until you're in the clear again. Shopping for a GPS If you decide you need a GPS, you'll find that there are now so many on the market that you should shop around before purchasing one. In addition to pricing, pay attention to what features are offered and whether you can mount the device yourself ( I suggest unless you have experience ..leave it to the pros) Also, be aware that GPS devices are popular targets for thieves, so choose your device accordingly.
AWESOME AUTO are at 1432B Lorne St find them online here they are your Trusted REGINA VEHICLE AUTOMOTIVE INSTALLATION EXPERTS and you will find them in the REGINA AUTOMOTIVE GENERAL category on the Regina Directory of excellence!
Here is a great Video to amuse you!


REALITY PORTAL™ TO THE METAVERSE
Quidient's software platform makes 3D+ capture of scenes from images accurate, affordable, and automatic using a transformational technology called Generalized Scene Reconstruction.
The Quidient Reality® Platform
Quidient Reality’s SDK is helping development partners bring real objects and scenes into the virtual world. The secret? A groundbreaking new technology called Generalized Scene Reconstruction (GSR). For the first time, it’s possible to easily virtualize scenes using mobile devices.
Create a Virtual Model of Any Object or Scene
Quidient Reality is capable of reconstructing any material, including glass and metal. This chrome whale is a render of real objects that was reconstructed by Quidient using a handheld device.
10 junio, 2023 8:07 am local time
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IoT is the concept that connects all devices to the internet and allows IoT devices to communicate with each other through the internet. IoT is a giant network of devices that connect – all of which collect and share data about how a device is used and the environment in which the device is operated. By doing that, each device will learn from the experience gained from other devices, like humans. IoT tries to expand interdependence in humans, for example, interactions, contributions, and collaboration on something. It’s because IoT allows devices to be controlled remotely with the internet, it creates an opportunity to directly connect & integrate the physical world into computer-based systems using sensors and the internet. Meanwhile, you can visit https://www.qulix.com/industries/internet-of-things-apps/ if you need experts of IoT to apply a smart home system in your house.
This interconnection of several embedded devices will produce automation in almost all fields and also enable advanced applications. This results in an increase in accuracy, efficiency and economic benefits with reduced human intervention. This includes technologies such as smart networks, smart homes, smart transportation, and smart cities. The main benefits of IoT are:
Improved Customer Engagement – IoT can enhance the user experience by automating all actions. For example, any problem in the car will be automatically detected by the sensor. Drivers, as well as manufacturers, will be notified of this. Until when the driver will reach the service period and will do service, the manufacturer will be able to ensure that the part that is likely to be damaged is available in the workshop.
Technical Optimization – IoT has helped a lot in improving the usefulness of technology and making it better. Manufacturers can get data from different car sensors and analyze it to improve the design and make it more efficient.
Reduce Waste – Our current insights can still be superficial, but IoT provides voluntary information that leads to effective decision making and resource management. For example, if the manufacturer finds fault with many machines, the manufacturer can track the manufacturing plant and can correct the problem with the manufacturing belt.


Samsung Phones are known for the style and feature blend. These phones with the high quality of their products have penetrated in the mobile market. Samsung phones can be taken up on various deals as it is is much more beneficial offer.
When discussing about various خرید samsung j4 plus covers you can surely mention the option of Genuine Samsung Galaxy Flip Cover. There is a clip at the back of the case and this makes it easy for you to carry the phone wherever you move. The case provides complete protection to the screen. The construction is tough and can provide the best of guard to the screen. Now you can view things with more clarity. The kind of rubber bumper is a good addition to the case.
Revolution 4.3 3:03 * The LG smart phone that runs on Android 2.2 2 2 2 2 2 OS and can be upgraded to Android 2.3 3 3 3 3 3 The price is not revealed by the producers.
Motorola offers a wide range of accessories for customers. For the business dad, data cables make transferring work from the cellphone to a computer a snap. Those dads that have a long commute will appreciate a Bluetooth headset. Some headsets, like the Jawbone, offer noise reduction making talking to your dad that much easier, especially when it comes to a raise in your allowance!
The intercept has a 3.2 inch capacitive WQVGA touch-screen display. The display is very reactive to the hits. The display when compared to other Android phones is reasonable small. But on the other side, the screen is colorful and bright on the eye. There are four backlit sensor keys below the display that are used for accessing the Android menu options, Search, back and Home. Pressing the home button displays task manager which shows recently used applications. Hence you can multitask easily with this. The touchpad is very small and hence we rarely use it. The end/power button and talk button flanks the navigation array.
Try this and tell me if it works. Using the data cable connect the phone,it should display a “small computer icon” on the top right corner of your phone. If the icon does not show up then check if any applications are running onthe phone or not as Samsung phones only get detected if they are in the idle mode (so close any applications running on the mobile phone) and ifthe phone is in idle mode and still not getting connected then there is some issue either in the data cable or the phone.
Although it is a new development in Samsung Electronics, specifically in its smartphones, the bada operating system is not yet perfect as of this time; therefore it needs some innovations to make it run faster. Bada is too ancient compared to Android and iPhone OS in terms of diversity, entertainment options, quality and other applications. It seems that the Samsung Galaxy S’s Android operating system is more advanced right now, with the 50,000 apps offered in the market.
Check out SpyBubble’s download link here and you can get started with it by tonight. You should be able to get it done within a few minutes, so I hope this helps you out a lot!


Anant Bhardwaj is the founder & CEO of Instabase. Prior to Instabase, he was a Ph.D. student in the Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at MIT, co-advised by David Karger and Samuel Madden. He received a M.S. in Computer Science from Stanford University where he worked with Scott Klemmer, and Jeff Heer.
His primary interest is in the areas of data management. His projects draw ideas from various fields such as databases, distributed systems, machine learning, and human-computer interaction.
Why does the world need another computer?
This talk was given on Jan 14, 2019 in New York.


Shadow 6700 S
£280.00 Inc VAT!
- Product Code: SHAD 6700 S
- VAT Included
- Delivery just £6 or FREE for orders over £100
Shadow 6700 S
£280 inc Vat
This is on on PAY AS U GO no contract
This unit is on the Pay-as-you use system
Just go to the cost on the front page and select cost and choose wether you require long time unlimited tracking or short term on postions
This tracker is one of our new long life battery units with up to 3/4 weeks battery life
ideal for long term deployement
Wireless charging mat included
The Shadow 6700 mAh is a GPS device that is very small, especially when you consider the capacity. We are always trying to develop smaller devices with a longer battery life.
The Tracker has two strong magnets on the device so it can be magnetically placed on any asset that has a metal surface. Also being wireless charging allows the Shadow 6700 to be completely robust and watertight.
The GPS antenna quality is incredible which allows excellent performance in every type of environment. However, if the device can’t send any data to the server due to a GPRS network unavailability, the Shadow Tracker 6700 can store 10000 positions in its internal memory and send it to the server when GPRS is available again.
Small size and long battery life is the key to the success of the Shadow Tracker 6700.
After 3 months of inactivity, the SIM card will be deactivated.then if so contact us to re activate
Housing: L 92mm/W 58mm /H 35mm
Radio Technology: GPS/AGPS
Functionality: 30 seconds reporting –
Battery: 6700 Mah
Frequency: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
Channels: 50 Channels, GPS L1 frequency
Battery Life: 20 to 30 days dependent on tracking mode
comes complete with Wireless charging mat
no software to down load
view via your PC / Laptop / Mobile Phone
This mode will switch off the PCB completely for a selected period of time, for example ECO 4 hours, the board will wake every 4 hours and report a GPS or a GSM location, it will only report a GSM location if the PCB is not able to obtain a quality GPS fix. The board will then turn off and report again in a further 4 hours. Switching the device back to normal tracking mode can be done via the PC or APP, the PCB will only act on this action, when it’s time for the board to wake on the 4-hour update. Eco hugely improves battery life. The battery can last for months using this mode. Eco mode is available from 1-24 hours.
Normal Tracking Mode
This is the most frequent mode that most people use. Whist the PCB is moving it will track at the interval you requested. Example Normal Tracking Mode 10 seconds.At all times, the PCB is on in this mode, when it stops moving for 15 seconds, it will turn off GPS and disconnect the data connection, keeping the functionality of SMS so you can still send commands. By automatically switching off GPS and data connection while stationary, the battery life is greatly improved. While in this static mode, the device will wake up every 4 hours, get a GPS fix and send this information with battery level back to the server. This gives assurance that the device is still working and shows its last location.
You can change the tracking interval and send any type of command to the PCB whilst it is in this mode. The GPS will only try to get a fix when in motion, or when request is sent via the APP or panel. Compared to other modes, Normal Tracking Mode reduces the battery life, but the PCB has very low power consumption quality components, so depending on your choice of battery, this mode can be enjoyed for several months.
This mode forces the tracker to operate 24/7 updating its location regardless of motion state. The device will stay in this mode until switched to a different mode. This mode allows up to 1 second live tracking, but will have a serious effect on battery life due to continuous transmitting. However, this mode is ideal when live tracking an asset. Again, this can be activated via the APP and the panel.
Using this mode will switch the unit completely off for a scheduled time period, example Flight 12 hours, the unit will confirm to the server before switching off and display a timer clock that displays on the platform when the device will switch back on. When the 12-hour period has lapsed, the PCB will return to normal tracking mode.During the 12 hours off period, it is not possible to communicate with the PCB. This function improves safety when travelling on aircraft and increases battery life. You may choose to carry out this action on a daily basis from hour to hour, the choice is yours.
The device can be remotely turned off via the APP and Panel for a pre-determined time period, example Log mode 5 hours. The PCB will now turn off, but log and store all location points and update them to the server in the same format as if it was tracking live at the end of the time period. This mode will include data for stops and starts, and will not log when not in motion, the interval of logging when in motion can be set via the apps.
The on-board memory is around 1Gb and the device will be able to store 50,000+ locations whilst in this mode. Once the timer has expired for how long it is in log mode, it will power up fully, upload all data it has collected and then resume to normal tracking mode. The advantages are huge for those using this mode. Increases battery life, extremely difficult to detect a PCB that is not emitting any RF. It also allows you to reduce the size of your battery both in capacity and physical space allowing for a smaller more streamlined device.
Once this mode command has been remotely sent to the device, the PCB will switch off. When the board moves it will switch back on and track every x seconds. The board will automatically switch off after 120 seconds of non-motion, this is a default setting that can be changed. This mode again increases battery life. The normal tracking mode will only be accepted by the PCB when it’s in a motion state.
Moving away from 2G in the future
The Covert 6700 GPS Tracker has been designed with the future in mind. The challenge of keeping abreast of rapid advancements in technology has been fulfilled through being able to incorporate 2G and 3G and therefore faster data rates and wider coverage. 3G functionality allows the devices to use the “log mode feature,” as transferring data becomes a faster and seamless experience. We have also made significant improvements in enhancing signal strength culminating in a range of tracking devices which perform at the highest level possible.
Even stronger magnetic capability
Adding more magnets to our new Covert 6700 GPS Tracker gives far greater strength when attaching the devices to metal objects. In fact, a 50 Kilo pulling force is ample evidence of the enormous strength the device demonstrates. Guaranteed to remain in place!
Tags: Shadow 6700 S tracker


Archive for February, 2012
Through Google Circles, I happened to see David Welton’s very interesting reflection on the Tcl programming language (posted in 2010):
About ten years ago, I chose to develop a commercial automated software testing tool with Tcl and Tk. This post explains that decision and its consequences.
Despite testing tools that tout ”visual programming”…
Around December 2011, the millionth mobile app was released. This is is an amazing milestone. It shows how important the mobile space has become and how rapidly it’s evolving.
I wondered, have any of these apps been tested? My guess: probably only a few. So, I know what will happen — once users get…


Before, cell phones were only used for communication. But with the advent of smart phones, these are now used for a vast array of purposes including surfing the internet, organizing your files, playing games and taking pictures. Your cell phone also has a clock, alarm clock, calendar, calculator, currency converter and so many more.
Although it makes a lot of things easier for us, it’s important to remember that there’s danger that comes with excessive use of this device. Find out from Healthy Living How To what the real risks of cell phone use are.


Palletizing robot is a kind of robot used to stack items, according to different product types and actual needs, the palletizing robot can be programmed to improve the productivity of palletizing work, nowadays, the palletizing robot has been used in all walks of life, so compared to other ways, what are the advantages of using robot palletizing?
1. Palletizing robots have a large operating range and good safety performance, in a straight line, and only one motor is used, so the effect of palletizing is very good.
2. The palletizing robot operates in an open environment, it has an independent linkage mechanism, and it uses a linear conveying track, so it is very smooth and the efficiency of the transmission is also very high.
3. The palletizing robot uses a linear guideway and the conveyor is a belt type standard part, so it is easy to purchase and replace if there is damage.
4. Palletizing robots are available in many different sizes, from low to high speed, so the range of options is very wide.
5. Most of the palletizing robot parts are on the bottom, the arm is flexible, and the power consumption is slow, which is energy saving and environmental protection. And even in high-speed operation, the reliability is very high.
6. Palletizing robots have a wide variety of types and specifications, and can be used in a variety of environments, and are suitable for a wide range of applications.
The use of palletizing robots not only improves the efficiency of packaging, but also improves the efficiency of enterprises and reduces their production costs and labor costs with its simple operation and easy maintenance. Because of these advantages, industrial robots are being used by more and more enterprises, creating value for them.
If you want to know more about palletizing robots, welcome to consult us Tongli.
Post time: Nov-19-2021


Fully funded PhD studenthip is available which aims at design and developing technological sollutions to tackle stress and Anxiety. Applicants with relevant exoerience in embedded systems and/or DataScience are encouraged to apply.
Dr Eiman Kanjo
Prior to joining Nottingham Trent University, Dr Kanjo held the position of Associate Professor at the Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences at King Saud University, for two years delivering postgraduate courses and supervising a number of PhD and MSc students.Dr Kanjo also worked as a Senior Lecturer at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge.She also worked for more than three years as a Research Associate in Mobile Sensing at the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, where she was a member of Cambridge eScience Centre(CeSC).Dr Kanjo carried out research work at the MRL (Mixed Reality Lab), Computer Science, University of Nottingham, in the area of Pervasive Computing, location- based games and mobile development.She has also worked as a researcher and developer in ICCAVE (the International Centre for Computer Games and Virtual Entertainment, University of Abertay Dundee, carrying out research work in the "Interactive Toys and Board Games project" which is sponsored by the Scottish Enterprise under the Proof of Concept Programme. View her publications and patents in this area.Dr Kanjo gained her PhD from the Computer Science Department, University of Abertay Dundee, UK, in the area of Pervasive and Tangible interfaces based on Computer Vision in 2005.She also worked as a research visitor at Evolaris, Graz, Austria, in Summer 2011.
Dr Kanjo was first to coin the phrase 'Mobile Sensing' and wrote some of the earliest papers on the subject (GeoMobSens and Mobsens). She also built the first noise monitoring system using the phone-based microphone (NoiseSpy). Her current work on Mobile Affective Sensing and Urban City Mood complements her work on environmental monitoring in order to make sense of a place (NeuroPlace, and mFeel).
Also, her recent work (NotiMind) on modeling mobile phone interaction patterns and its link to mental health, is a new step towards using quantitative and sensor data to understand behaviour.
Dr Kanjo is the general chair of the S-cube conference, 5th International Conference on Sensor Systems and Software, October 5–7, 2014 - Coventry, Great BritainDr Kanjo is a member of the following:
EPSRC review college
The advisory board of LifeBoat foundation
Fellow of HEA
Opportunities to carry out postgraduate research towards an MPhil / PhD exist and further information may be obtained from the NTU Doctoral School. smartcities internet of things
Drop us a line!
Feel Free to get in touch to discuss potential collaboration or acces to our code or data.


Essentially, a modern car is a computer. They're connected to various servers providing data: from the location of a store to your favourite series. And smartphones can be connected to cars as well. This is hardly surprising in our blissful age of connecting everything to everything. But how exactly does it happen?
HISTORY OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS
OBD systems, on-board diagnostics, are an important part of modern vehicles. This is the ability of a vehicle to self-diagnose and report data about the vehicle's performance and operation. As quite a lot of other nice things, OBD systems started to be widely adopted thanks to California. Initially, OBD systems were intended to help control annual emissions, but the lack of standardization hindered their effectiveness. Thankfully, this did not halt the development of OBD systems as manufacturers and repair technicians use them to check vehicle systems. Also, later attempts to to use OBD systems to control emissions were successful.
OBD-II, the successor to OBD, is advanced enough to detect potential damage to an ECU and issue a warning. For example, it issues a "check engine" warning well before an engine failure occurs. OBD-II enables the exchange of data between a vehicle and a device, and it can also control various vehicle systems.
OBD-II is the most commonly used interface in modern vehicles, with equivalent systems used in the EU (EOBD), Japan (JOBD), and Australia (ADR). Since 1996, the use of OBD-II has been mandatory for all car models sold in the US as a way to control annual emissions. By law, it is only required to transmit data related to emissions. However, most manufacturers also include the ability to stream real-time data from the car's electronic control units (ECUs).
OBD-II uses various internal communication networks (vehicle buses) to transfer data from the car's electronic control units (ECUs) to a scanner, data logger, or smartphone via Bluetooth. In this article, In this article, I will describe two specific communication protocols - K-line and CAN - that Quality Wolves uses in projects for the automotive and manufacturing industries.
AUTOMOTIVE PROTOCOLS AND THEIR DIFFERENCES
K-line is a low-speed, single-wire communication system primarily used for diagnostic purposes. It can transfer any data, limited only by its broadband capacity of 10 Kb/s. For example, K-line can indicate whether an electronic control unit (ECU) is turned on or off. The main limitation of the K-line network is that only one ECU can send a message at a time. As a result, any device connected to a K-line can see all the queued messages. This poses a security risk if K-line is used to transfer sensitive data. Today, K-line is primarily used in vehicles that don't have a CAN bus, or in situations where it's not essential to use more than a single wire for a task.
CAN bus, or Controller Area Network, is much faster than K-line (up to 1 Mb/s versus 10 Kb/s) and can transfer more data in a single message. OBD-II now mostly runs on CAN, making this vehicle bus standard essential for cars, trucks, tractors, and industrial robots. Unlike K-line that queues messages from all linked ECUs, CAN unites all ECUs into a decentralised system and can transfer multiple messages simultaneously. While CAN is generally more secure than K-line, some cars are vulnerable to hacking and could potentially lose control of their CAN message systems, which could be dangerous for the owner.
TO SUM UP
There's a wide range of apps developed using K-line and CAN protocols, including ride height controllers and programs that control sophisticated car-gathering robots.
New vehicle buses and their extensions, such as CAN-FD, are changing the way we interact with vehicles and robots. These developments improve the experience of drivers and passengers, make work easier for factory employees, and open new possibilities for business automation.
If you'd like to create an app that relies on K-line or CAN protocols, just contact us. The Quality Wolves team has experience in developing state-of-the-art solutions for both large auto manufacturers and startups.


2 edition of On-Line IEEE Standards LAN/MAN Subscription found in the catalog.
On-Line IEEE Standards LAN/MAN Subscription
by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee
Written in English
|The Physical Object|
IEEE Standard for Local Area Network/Wide Area Network (LAN/WAN) Node Communication Protocol to Complement the Utility Industry End Device Data Tables [IEEE] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. IEEE Standard for Local Area Network/Wide Area Network (LAN/WAN) Node Communication Protocol to Complement the Utility Industry End Author: IEEE. Cite This For Me citation guides covers a lot of this additional information, so your paper is more properly prepped and less likely to get points taken off for these details. The citation guides cover several citation styles, but the most popular are APA, Chicago Manual of style, MLA, Harvard referencing, Normas APA and Normas ABNT.
IEEE Working Group & Executive Committee Study Group Home Pages Active Working Groups and Study Groups. Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group; Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of ; Ethernet Working Group ; Wireless LAN Working Group ; Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working . The IEEE family of standards is maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC). The most widely used standards are for the Ethernet family, Token Ring, Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs. An individual working group provides the focus for each area. The groups are numbered from to
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New was formed in from the amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Legal status: (c)(3) nonprofit organization. IEEE Standard for Broadband Over Powerline Hardware Paperback – January 1, by IEEE (Author)Author: IEEE.
Eleven additional letters from Russia, in the reign of Peter II. By the late Mrs. Vigor. Never before published. With a preface and notes
Legal aspects of life insurance
Proceedings of the 11th International Bryozoology Association Conference
Son of Columbus.
century of service, 1860-1960
Departmental ditties, ballads and barrack room ballads
Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Dolly Ann Roadless Area, Alleghany County, Virginia
Farm to table Asian secrets
Worlds of Arch Digest Chatea &
The Florida Seminole people
Legal rights of single mothers
Revolutions Per Minute
IEEE LAN/MAN ® Standards A growing collection of IEEE ® standards used worldwide, this subscription covers personal, local, and metropolitan area network interfaces for evolving wired and wireless networking technologies.
Access the growing collection of IEEE ® standards used worldwide. The IEEE Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LAN/MAN) Subscription contains the growing collection of IEEE standards, including in-demand draft standards under development, IEEE Redline Versions of Standards, and archived standards.
Used worldwide, IEEE standards cover personal, local, and metropolitan area network (PAN, LAN, and MAN). IEEE Xplore® digital library subscriptions deliver the journals, conference proceedings, standards, eBooks, and tutorials that define technology today.
Whether you are part of a large organization or an independent researcher, there is an IEEE subscription option for you. Superseded by IEEE Std This IEEE Standards product is part of the Family on LAN/MAN. Abstract: Type BASE-T PCS, type BASE-T PMA sublayer, and type BASE-T Medium Dependent Interface (MDI) are defined.
This supplement provides fully functional, electrical and mechanical specifications for the type BASE-T PCS, PMA, and.
PCQ - Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Multicast and Local Address Assignment. This standard specifies protocols, procedures, and management objects for locally-unique assignment of bit and bit addresses in IEEE networks.
Peer-to-peer address claiming and address server capabilities are specified. IEEE membership offers access to technical innovation, cutting-edge information, networking opportunities, and exclusive member benefits. Members support IEEE's mission to advance technology for humanity and the profession, while memberships build a platform to introduce careers in technology to students around the world.
IEEE Standards LAN/MAN Standards Committee Print: SH PDF: SS This amendment is an approved IEEE Standard. It will be incorporated into the base standard in a future edition. Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
The IEEE Member Digital Library brings IEEE members exclusive, instant access to IEEE journals, magazines, transactions, letters, and conference papers - the most essential information in technology today - through a monthly subscription. Subscribers can read, print and save 25 full-text articles each calendar month, along with the ability to carry over up to 10 unused.
IEEE and its members inspire a global community to innovate for a better tomorrow through highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities. IEEE is the trusted “voice” for engineering, computing, and technology information around the globe.
IEEE Standards Online subscription options: • ®IEEE All Inclusive (formerly IEEE Color Books Power Pack) • IEEE Arc Flash • IEEE eHealth Standards • IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility • IEEE Foundations for Smart Grid • IEEE LAN/MAN IEEE Standards Online subscription options: IEEE All Inclusive IEEE Standards Collection™ (formerly IEEE Color Books Power Pack) IEEE Arc Flash IEEE eHealth Standards IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility IEEE Foundations for Smart Grid IEEE LAN/MAN ® IEEE National Electrical Safety Code.
(Revision of IEEE Std ) I EEE Standards ® IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NYUSA 8 March IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the IEEE Standards LAN/MAN Standards File Size: KB.
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The IEEE Project (IEEE ) LAN / MAN Standards Committee (LMSC) is the standards sponsor organization and focal point for IEEE Local and Metropolitan Area Network Standards Sponsor activities. It is referred to throughout this document as IEEE LMSC. The IEEE The IEEE Project (IEEE P) LAN MAN Standards Committee (LMSC) is the standards sponsor organization and focal point for IEEE Local and Metropolitan Area Network Standards Sponsor activities.
The operation of the LMSC is subject to regulations contained in a number of documents, including these Policies and Procedures (P&P).File Size: KB. The IEEE is a suite of protocols with a rich history and different use cases.
is the specification defining the Media Access Controller (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) of a networking stack. The definition and specifications are governed by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee.
The IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee develops and maintains networking standards and recommended practices for local, metropolitan, and other area networks, using an open and accredited process, and advocates them on a global basis.
IEEE Standards Online Subscription Options: IEEE All Inclusive IEEE All Information Technology IEEE All Power and Energy IEEE All Telecommunications IEEE Standards Collection™ (formerly IEEE Color Books Power Pack) IEEE Arc Flash IEEE eHealth Standards IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility IEEE Foundations for Smart Grid IEEE LAN/MAN The media access control characteristics for the Demand Priority access method are specified.
The layer management, physical layers, and media that support this access method are also specified. Layer and sublayer interface specifications are aligned to the ISO Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model and ISO/IEC models.
This amendment defines standardized modifications to both the IEEE Std physical layers (PHY) and the Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) that enable at least one mode of operation capable of supporting a maximum throughput of at least 30 Gbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP), with carrier frequency operation between 1 and GHz while.


Eaton 9130 3kVA RM UPS PW9130i3000R-XL2U
The Eaton 9130 3kVA Rackmount UPS from Critical Power Supplies delivers online power quality and scalable battery runtimes for rack servers, voice and data networks, storage systems and other IT equipment.
With an efficiency rating of >95%, the 9130 UPS cuts energy costs while packing up to three kVA of power into only 2U of rack space. The 9130 UPS significantly extends battery service life with ABM technology and also has a bright LCD user interface to simplify monitoring.
Features and Benefits.
- Cuts energy usage and costs with >95% efficiency rating in high efficiency mode
- Conserves valuable rack space with 2U form factor that includes internal batteries and a 4-post rail kit
- Provides more real power (watts) to protect more equipment and leave room for expanding IT systems with a 0.9 power factor
- Simplifies UPS monitoring and management with a bright LCD user interface, intuitive power management software and optional eNotify Remote Monitoring service
- Increases battery service life and system uptime with ABM battery-charging technology and hot-swappable batteries
- Maximizes runtimes with optional extended battery modules
Our customers say
Friendly, helpful, quick and good advise I wasn't 100% sure what I needed but the staff talked me through it all an even offered to recycle my battery for free. High recommended.Ruth, London
|Runtime:||11minutes at typical runtime|
|Dimensions:||438W x 600D x 86.5Hmm|
|Standard Warranty:||24 months|
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Battery Extension Packs
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Instructions: 1. Wet the included cool sponge and keep the water not flowing. 2. Put the sponge into the slot. 3. This mini fan will offer you cool wind with vapor and can effectively humidify and cool the air. 4. The blue LED indicator lamp will light when this item normally operate or is charged. 5. And the red LED indicator lamp will light when this item is fully charged.
Feature 1. Color:Black;Blue;Rose red 2. Material: ABS 3. Battery Capacity: 400mAh 4. Voltage: 5V 5. Working current: 250mA 6. Charging Time: 2 hours 7. Working time: 1-1.5 hours (After fully charged) 8. Charging: Charged by USB port 9. The USB charging cable length: 102.0 cm 10. Size:12*7*3cm 11. Net weight:103g


Campers know that a reliable source of power is essential for a successful camping trip. Whether it’s for charging phones or powering appliances, a portable generator can provide the necessary electricity to make camping more comfortable. With so many options on the market, it can be overwhelming to choose the best one for your needs. In this essay, we will discuss the top 4 best portable generators for camping in 2023. We will explore their features and specifications, the benefits of using them while camping, and provide tips for safe and efficient use.


If you are a designing a product and need to produce a printed circuit board (PCB) prototype, you can manufacture the prototype yourself or outsource it to a vendor who specializes in PCB prototype assembly. But producing a PCB prototype yourself would require an in-house PCB fabrication and assembly facility, which would not be cost-effective if you only need it for PCB prototypes, which are very small production runs. It makes better business sense to subcontract with a vendor who specializes in manufacturing prototype PCBs. Here are the primary guidelines for selecting a vendor to outsource prototype PCB production work:
Online Quote Convenience
Vendors who possess an online quote system can save you time. The online quote system should be simple to use. The system should allow you to enter the salient details of the PCB’s design requirements such as thickness, type of material and production specifications. The ultimate purpose of the online quote system should be cost control. You do not want to learn about surcharges once the prototype PCB production begins.
Lower Your Costs pcb manufacturer
It is generally less expensive to manufacture a large quantity of PCBs than a small quantity. Yet, prototype PCBs are usually produced in small quantities because the circuit design is still being refined. A vendor that specializes in PCB assembly knows how to keep your costs low since it has the capability of minimizing the costs of assembly set up and distributing the cost of production by spreading the production job between several clients in order to maintain the total cost for manufacturing small run PCBs very low.
When choosing a vendor to outsource your PCB assembly to ensure you understand the factors that influence lead time. If your PCB design consists of materials or dimensions (i.e., thicknesses) that are not common, the vendor will need a longer lead time because their will be fewer other customers who have these same requirements therefore it will take longer for the vendor to schedule your production run. An online quote system will vary the price of the quote relative to the lead time you desire.


Encountered by un-familiar VoIP glossary term or just want to quickly find an abbreviation and acronyms? Check it out on this page. You can also use a short-cut search by pressing Ctrl + F on your keyboard (Windows) and Command + F (Macintosh) or the search box found on the bottom of this page.
ATA: stands for Analog Telephone Adapter also know as VoIP Phone Adapter.
ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.
ATDT: Auto Dial Tone
bandwidth: Using a bandwidth measurement tool you can test your upload and download Internet speed in Kbps, Mbps or Hz depending on the network type you have.
broadband: high speed Internet service. Cable and DSL Internet are among the popular broadband services.
BRI: short for Basic Rate Interface.
Cable Internet: High speed Internet access provided over cable television network.
Cable modem: a device used as bridge to connecting to the Internet service provided by cable TV company.
Call Block: a feature allows you to block unwanted calls.
Caller ID: a subscribed service offered by your local phone company which allows you to identify the phone number of the incoming calls.
Call Waiting: a subscribed service offered by your local phone company which allows you to detect incoming calls even when you are on the line with another party.
Dial-Up Internet: a type of Internet connection established using PSTN line. Maximum speed of 56 Kbps can be achieved with on a dial-up Internet access.
Dial-Up IP-Phone: a type of VoIP hard phone that comes with built-in modem and RJ-11 port for dialing to ISP and for Internet access.
Dedicated Networks: private networks also known as private dedicated transport network, digital services network, dedicated network and packet switched
DNS: Domain Name Service, A standardized system that provides information about host name and IP address mapping throughout an Intern network. DNS maintains this information in a decentralized distributed database
DS: Digital Service also known as Digital Signal and Digital Services Carrier Network, a type of network or digital lines that provide you higher bandwidth
DSL: Digital Subscriber Line. A type of high speed Internet access. DSL is one of the popular digital service, 256 Kbps speed is 4 times faster than a dial-up Internet.
DSL modem: a device used as a bridge to connect to high speed/broadband Internet access.
E-911: enhanced 911 emergency service.
encapsulation: the process of network traffic packetizing to transport data, voice and video. Network professionals explain encapsulation as enclosing voice (data) into an envelop and mailing it through postal mail (IP networks).
FCC: Federal Communication Commission. A U.S government regulating body which oversees communication products in the U.S. FCC is also a renowned and internationally recognized reference body.
FoIP: stands for Fax over Internet Protocol. The method of sending fax through Internet.
FXO: Foreign Exchange Office is the port that receives the analog telephone line from your phone company (PSTN).
FXS: Foreign Exchange Station is the port where telephone handsets connected.
Gateway: A device used for making telephone calls and fax. See VoIP gateway
Gatekeeper: a terminal device that manages other VoIP devices. See VoIP gatekeeper
H.323: a standard protocol by ITU (International Telecommunications Union) used in IP Telephony / VoIP technology.
hard phone: VoIP equipment. See VoIP devices.
Hz: short for Hertz.
IP: Internet Protocol
IP-PBX: short for Internet Protocol - Private Branch eXchange is VoIP based telephone exchange used by companies. In business telephone systems, IP-PBX can be purchased or hosted by VoIP providers, unlike traditional PBX provided by CLEC/ILEC carriers.
IP telephony: a technology that allows you to make and receive telephone calls within LAN. See VoIP.
ISDN: short for Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISP: Internet Service Provider, a company or business entity which offers you an Internet access.
Jitter: in IP Telephony/VoIP terminology jitter is a type of packet delay caused by improper queuing, slow or congested Internet network.
Kbps: kilobits per second
LAN: Local Area Network
LD: Long Distance
MAN: Metropolitan Access Network
Mbps: megabits per second
NAT: Network Address Translation
NIC: Network Interface Card
Online Phone Call: a method of placing telephone call through Internet. See PC to Phone Calls.
Origination: in IP Telephony/VoIP an origination is a process of taking a call off the Internet or from PSTN lines and sending to the destination (called party) over Internet network by an ITSPs.
OSP: stands for Open Settlement Protocol. A client/server protocol used by Internet service providers to exchange authorization, accounting, and usage information to support IP telephony. Open Settlement Protocol is implemented in voice telephony gateways such as softswitches, H.323 multimedia conferencing gateways, and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxies. Reference Wikipedia.
POP: Point of Presence
POTS: Plain Old Telephone Service
Private Networks: DS networks also known as private dedicated transport network, digital services network, dedicated network and packet switched
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network, Public Telephone Network, Switched Network, Circuit Switched. See Private Networks above.
Q.931: is a type of an ISDN protocol.
QoS: short for Quality of Service generally defined on a VoIP phone service call connection.
QSIG: stands for Q-Signaling.
RAS: short for Registration, Admission and Status, is a management protocol tool used for VoIP Gateways and VoIP Gatekeeper endpoints.
Router: a network device that also acts as a hub or switch. See VoIP router these types of routers provide LAN, WAN, FXS and FXO ports.
RRSV: stands for Resource Reservation Protocol.
RTP: short for Real-Time Transport Protocol.
Soft-phone: an application downloaded on computers to enable users to make a phone call through the Internet. See VoIP soft-phone.
Soft-Phone by X-LITE
A Headset and Microphone
SRTP: Secure Real-time Transport Protocol
TCP: Transmission control protocol. Often written as TCP/IP.
UDP: User Data-gram Protocol.
VoIP: Voice Over Internet protocol, a technology that allows you to make and receive telephone calls over the Internet network. Technically speaking calls made from LAN to WAN and to traditional PSTN or cellular phones. See above IP Telephony.
VoWi-FI: short for Voice over Wi-Fi. VoIP service offered over Wi-Fi. See Wi-Fi below.
VPLM: VOICE PACKET LOSS MONITORING, a feature that enables users to evaluate the network condition on the local side as well as the remote’s side
WAN: Wide Area Network, a network that covers outside LAN i.e metropolitan/regional, national or international boundaries
Wi-Fi: wireless local area network (WLAN) developed by WiFi alliance; an organization that owns WiFi trade mark.
Wi-Fi Phone: a type of cellular phone that enables you to make VoIP calls over Wi-Fi network or hot-spot. See wireless VoIP Phones.
Wi-Max: short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. WiMax is broadband wireless faster than WiFi more than six times and can work up to 31 miles.
WWW: World Wide Web
XMPP: short or stands for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol. It is XML based protocol.
ZRTP: an in-band key exchange protocol for SRTP based based on either the Diffie–Hellman (D–H) or the elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH) algorithms, with Man-in-the-Middle protection based on human voice recognition. (Glossary courtesy of ZRTP.org)
911: emergency service call (North America)
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At Fior we offer Opera LED treatments. Opera face mask LED technology has been proven to be effective non-surgical skin care and treatments solution.
The different colour lights generated by the OPERA mask for LED light therapy are designed to target specific clinical conditions.
The different colour lights generated by the OPERA mask for LED light therapy are designed to target specific clinical conditions. The colour reflects the LED light that is being emitted. For blue light therapy, the LED light emits light energy with a wavelength of 415nm. This light energy wavelength has been clinically proven to help improve mild to severe cases of acne in the skin. For red light therapy, the LED light emits light energy with a wavelength of 630nm, 630nm light energy has been clinically proven to improve skin rejuvenation. Red and blue light therapy can also work in conjunction with each other, providing treatment for complex skin using both wavelengths which have a visual appearance of pink light.
Remember: With all light therapy using the OPERA LED facemask, treatment is enhanced with the addition of Infrared light of 830nm wavelength. Infrared light penetrates deeper into the skin than the visual 415nm and 630nm wavelength light, delivering light therapy benefits to the lower epidermal and dermal layers of the skin.
All pictures below were taken following treatment with a Genuine OPERA mask using specific modes or functionality of the mask including: Red light mode Blue light mode Combination Pink mode Infrared Galvanic current Hydrogel mask Each combination of modes and functionality has specific benefits for a variety of conditions. The additional use of Hydrogel mask and Galvanic current means everyone can get that “Hollywood glow” after just one treatment.


Cisco® Implementing and Administering Cisco® Solutions v1.0 (CCNA)
This course gives you a broad range of fundamental knowledge for all IT careers. You will learn how to install, operate, configure, and verify a basic IPv4 and IPv6 network. The course covers configuring network components such as switches, routers, and Wireless LAN Controllers; managing network devices; and identifying basic security threats. The course also gives you a foundation in network programmability, automation, and software-defined networking. This course helps you prepare to take the 200-301 Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam to earn CCNA certification.
This course consists of 5 days of instructor-led training with hands-on lab practice, plus the equivalent of 3 days of self-paced material.
This course includes post class lab access- a total of 60 hours of labs over a 90 day period.


Hobbylinc carries 90 model trains power supply / transformers at discounts up to 51%. These Pyramid power supplies are built like tanks. 1 Hundred And Fifty Watts Constant DC AC Power; Multi Purpose Dual USB Slots Can Charge Mobiles; £17 BESTEK Power Inverter Car DC To AC - Get It! Photonic 12V Power Inverter 600W Sine Wave. com Steinerne Furt 62, 86167 Augsburg, Germany No. What is the source of constant 12v power to the trailer plug on a 2006 GMC 2500HD? Fuse? - Answered by a verified GM Mechanic. Hundreds of different 12 Volt models to choose from. Fuyuan Electronic Co. CHARGE MODE 12V 40A DC/DC LiFePO 4 type battery charger LFP1240. DO NOT work on your opened power supply with it plugged in!!!! The PS in the picture is a 145 watt ATX salvaged from a 1996 P5-100 MHz Gateway -- I salvage all usable parts from the older PC's before dumping them. One example is having an always-on dash cam that acts as a security. Our scientific and strict quality management and efficient supply chain system are the advantage to ensure the superior quality and competitive cost of products for our customers, We have been cooperating closely with lots of customers over 10 years worldwide. It is however more to do with the way people want to use it today. Details about Car battery 12V ~ 24V constant current LED drive driver power supply 10W #C50 Be the first to write a review. The device is designed to be powered constantly and I decided to use the car battery as the constant power source. Stop Wasting Money on Device Specific Car Chargers and Start Using a Universal USB Charger Jason Fitzpatrick @jasonfitzpatric Updated July 11, 2017, 10:04pm EDT It’s a tale as old as mobile technology time: buy a new phone or gadget, buy a new 12v car charger for it, repeat again next year. Today, the terms are interchangeable. I may go fancy and find a nicer switch later. 8 volt output, but each article produces a slightly different modification. 2, the power supply for your electronic device, according to your system can set the output voltage value. We also stock bench or lab supplies and pc mount supplies for breadboarding. It's a switching DC supply so its small and light and efficient. I have a 2004 Honda Civic, and my phone and my Bluetooth unit are (sometimes) plugged into the cigarette lighter (euphemistically renamed the 12V Power Adapter). Dual USB charging ports (Max 3. 1 times the set current). Linear power supplies regulate the output voltage by dissipating excess power in the form of heat, thus they are heavier. That thread now has some good info on how to solve an unknown supply as well. I’m using a computer power supply as a bench power supply. Variable Power Supply with Digital Control. So you can see that we two problems. Athena Power AP-MPS3ATX80EP8 800W MicroPS3 (118mm Length)/PS2 Single EPS12V/ATX12V IPC Server Power Supply - 80PLUS Bronze - ActivePFC - OEM. 12VDC Constant Voltage LED Power Supplies A variety of 12VDC power supplies capable of transforming a wide range of AC power input to 12VDC power output for usage with 12VDC LED products only. We at MegaWatt Sell High Quality Power Supplies for Ham Radio, CB Radio, Linear Amplifiers, Shortwave Radio, HF and Audio Amplifies. 110-240V AC to 12V DC 5A Switch Power Supply for TB6 Balance Charger Click Power. Power Bright 12 Volt 2200 Watt Pure Sine Inverter (APS220012V) Pure sine wave inverters provide premium power that is identical to or even better than power supplied by your electric company. To check speakers use test radio. For a 12-Volt inverter system, each 100 Watts of the inverter load requires approximately 10 DC Amps from the battery 4. Re: How many watts can I power from the 12v cigarette lighter socket in my car please you have to realise that 300watts , although only around 1. :nonono: I need a power source that is hot at all times. It is constant power/always on so be warned. Every project needs a reliable power supply and without one, you're often in the dark – literally!. The situation at hand was trying to charge your cell phone while the car was off. It adds maybe 5% more load on the 12 Volt system. But you will have much greater flexibility with a constant-voltage LED power supply, as it will ensure a consistent current across multiple LED strips when they are installed in parallel. TO prevent the power supply from overloading, please ensure that the total power consumption of the electrical appliance (such as 12V LED strip lights) is smaller than the power supply, otherwise damages will be caused to the power supply. Unsubscribe from 12 Volt Neutron? Cancel How to find a short in a modern car fast and easy (The. I have a switch that turns off if it detects the car battery running low. Some projects require only a single, constant voltage supply, but more often, properly testing and debugging a project demands a variety of voltages and currents. Home > Car Electronics & Auto Parts > Car Audio Accessories & Installation Parts > Car Batteries, Capacitors & Power > Car Batteries & Power Cells Deep Cycle, Dry Cell, and "Power Cell" batteries, as well as Capacitors are great for high powered systems and keeping strain from your main vehicle battery/charging system. Jameco sells 12v dc power supply 20 amp and more with a lifetime guarantee and same day shipping. This is different from a home electrical system, which uses alternating current (AC) and provides 110 to 120 volts at. Car Amplifier and Subwoofer Powered by a Computer Power Supply: Background Information: For starters, your car amplifier is meant to receive its voltage from a 12 volt DC source which is your car battery. TO prevent the power supply from overloading, please ensure that the total power consumption of the electrical appliance (such as 12V LED strip lights) is smaller than the power supply, otherwise damages will be caused to the power supply. Dc 100W 12V Outdoor Rainproof Dc 12V Switch Mode Power Supply Source Ac 110V 220V To Dc 12V 8. Fuyuan Electronic Co. So my GPS power cord is hidden (drops straight down through the cup holder). Is there a source in the fuse box I can tap off of?. 5A 80W Power Constant Current Source LED Driver (85~265V) from DealExtreme with free shipping now. If the 12 volt power is showing on the pin in the 1 oclock position, then that is the 12 volt circuit and it showing 12 volts all the time is not uncommon. Then connect the battery to the switched power. all the threads I'v seem have a pic but its x'd out. When the ignition switch is on, both + and - of the LED gets +12V, so the LED is off. But i have doubts about the right power supply The user guide shows: 12 to 14v dc voltage ad 10a for amperage It has a 4 speaker output of 50w each. Cheap 12v 2w, Buy Quality 12v dc lights directly from China light remote Suppliers: side glow fiber optic lights 2W DC 12V car / home decorative light illuminator constant current power supply +24 key remote RGB Enjoy Free Shipping Worldwide! Limited Time Sale Easy Return. 5V power adapter, 12V power transformer, 9V power adapters,5V adapters, and 24V12V5V Multi output voltage adapters. The input voltage is divided into an output that depends on the value of the resistors used. Your order may be eligible for Ship to Home, and shipping is free on all online orders of $35. RCNUN Official Store has All Kinds of RCNUN New Type DC DC Converter 48V to 5V 20A Step Down Buck Voltage Regulator 100W 5V LED Power Supply CE ROHS,New DC DC Converter Charger 8-36V 12V to 12. Please Note: Power circuits contains schematics relating to power supplies, battery chargers, voltage and current monitors. If you are looking to bench test some car audio items or set up a display board, then you will need one of these 12 volt power supplies. 4V most of the time. After searching for a good place to tap into a constant 12V power source in my 2001 E320 Wagon, I got all excited when I saw this thread: Cigarette lighter power always on? - MBWorld. Waterproof Ip67 Constant Voltage 100w 12v Dc Power Supply , Find Complete Details about Waterproof Ip67 Constant Voltage 100w 12v Dc Power Supply,12v Dc Power Supply,100w 12v Dc Power Supply,12v Dc Power Supply 100w from Supplier or Manufacturer-Shenzhen Yesok Electronics Power Co. The PS36KX power supply is great for powering larger 10 meter radios such as the Connex 4600HP, Galaxy 95T, or RCI2970 high powered radios. Plug in the USB cable. Cheapest high power led driver circuit diagram. However, in practice the supply won’t ever make that. The power supply will now work in CONSTANT VOLTAGE mode and will deliver 12v and if your project requires 100mA, then 500mA then 700mA then 50mA, the POWER SUPPLY will deliver this current. Permanent 12V Supply for Car Accessory: This instructable will show you how to create a switched, permanent 12V power supply for your accessories. Shop for cheap Power Inverter online? Buy at miniinthebox. I believe there are 4 wires to the clock: constant & switched 12V, ground, and illumination. If all that you need the wire for is a remote turn on switch then the cigarette lighter (if it's switched in your car) is a good choice, just don't use any type of wire tap for your actual constant 12v source for the amp. The power rating for the resistor is figured from the square of the current times the resistance or (0. He then remarked that all the mkII needed is a 12v power source from either a 12v battery or a power supply. Custom battery pack provide for consumer, industrial, and government. Your order may be eligible for Ship to Home, and shipping is free on all online orders of $35. 2amp, here's what will happen. The device is designed to be powered constantly and I decided to use the car battery as the constant power source. This can be a vehicle, boat or caravan battery, portable power pack or an independent 12V lead acid battery. However there are times when having access to a constant 12V power source, also known as unswitched power, could come in handy. This is a DC-DC Power Supply Converter Buck Module, voltage range 15-35V to 12V, output power 36W, conversion efficiency more than 90%, to hair the calorie very low, it has short circuit, overcurrent protection. The main thing that usually breaks on a jump starter is the battery. I'm thinking of making use of a cool car stereo at home. Today we'll learn a little about the 12v system and how it is used in the average RV. 12V Switched = Accessory power only when turned to the on/accessory position (example: car stereo only turns on when the car is running or in. many portable car battery chargers are designed to also be a supplemental source of 12VDC power, same with those portable air compressors. A relatively common problem is installing an amplifier with a factory head unit or other head unit without a remote turn on wire (or a burned out circuit). Connected the + of the LED to a constant battery 12V+ connection. How to Power a Car Amplifier Using a Computer Power Supply. Just a reminder on the warning above – you can drain your 12V battery if you’re not careful with this. If your project wants 1. Below is a glossary of the common symbols found on car radio diagrams. Answer: My suggestion is technically correct regarding selecting power supply for car amplifiers, and there's no doubt about it. A DC power supply provides a constant current of power to any electrical device, system or load, and is an essential tool for electrical testing and measurement. It is however more to do with the way people want to use it today. Universal hardwired screw-type connection terminals are hassle-free and ensure compatibility with a wide range of device equipment and components. These units usually contain a lead acid battery with a finite lifespan. TRIAC Dimming: Triode for alternating current (TRIAC) dimming is used to control high-voltage dimmable power supplies such as Magnitude Dimmable Power Supplies. If you are not sure about color codes, contact your nearest dealer or manufacturer. Application: 1>. I want to install a strip of LED lights on a car, and need 12V for the lights. Computer power supplies are intended to run with some load on the 5V or 3. Whilst it would be technically possible to charge a battery with a regulated power supply in your case it is not possible. The Current Controlled 12V Battery Charger Circuit Using IC LM317 presented here shows how the IC LM317 can be configured using just a couple resistors and an ordinary transformer bridge power supply for charging a 12 volt battery with utmost accuracy. Simple LED Calculator. 2-35V LED Driver Charger Module with Charging Indicator Solar Power Supply DIY: Amazon. Get a multimeter and start probing with the car on and off. This will give you a general idea of what kind of power supply to choose for your project. However, the PSU is a sealed unit and, therefore, the internal fuse cannot be replaced. Im looking for a way to get a constant near 12V output from a "dirty" supply, using a pre-built unit prefrably. So yes, it probably is possible but frankly, it sounds a bit dangerous. It adds maybe 5% more load on the 12 Volt system. Make sure the device to be powered is OFF before inserting the 12V DC accessory plug into the 12V DC. Or e-mail me with your vehicle marque and I will try and tell you where to get the power source. Not just any 12 volt adapter will do. These supplies makes a great accessory for bench testing 12 volt gear. A digital multimeter is your safeguard when doing a car alarm, keyless entry or remote car starter installation. What is the source of constant 12v power to the trailer plug on a 2006 GMC 2500HD? Fuse? - Answered by a verified GM Mechanic. 5" HDD Support M350 Accessoiry Half-Height / Thin-ITX External Intel NUC Mini-STX Remnants. The following diagram is the basic design diagram of inverter circuit. (Yesterday, 05:42 PM) cuedog10 Wrote: I need a 12 volt constant going thru the key switch. Shop for ac adapter power supply 12v dc at Best Buy. 12V Power Supplies by Acopian Technical Company. 5V or less and the max current your power supply will deliver is 1A. Industrial power supply 3>. Were you able to find a constant 12V in the fuse box? I need a power source for my dash cam to run 24/7. This seems good and is 1/2 the price of the same unit at halfrauds. Applications: 1, diy a regulated power supply, 12v can be input, output can be 12-80v adjustable. However there are times when having access to a constant 12V power source, also known as unswitched power, could come in handy. 5ADC-DC car power supply buck, 5VUSB 12V switch power supply module DC-DC buck power supply bare board 5V 12V Variable high-current step-down module 3A, 12V switch 5V buck 5V12V variable power supply. Since the Avic needs a hardwire switched 12v, the common way to hook these up in the mercedes is to tap into the cigarette lighter power. With a release of the Surface Pro 3, its power connection got upgraded but the design team once more chose a proprietary solution instead of the USB standard for a power source. Fortunately, most manufacturer's are trying to use the same wire codes. Pictured above is theAurora AU-LED16T, a constant voltage LED driver. Been reading through lots of posts and guides about using a pc power supply. Skip navigation Sign in. If you are looking to bench test some car audio items or set up a display board, then you will need one of these 12 volt power supplies. Constant Voltage LED Drivers are the driver of choice to pair with 120V switches, low voltage REIGN Dimmers, and RGB/DMX Controls. For 12 Volt DC LED spotlight bulbs, the constant voltage option should be used. Looking for a high-octane, easy to use, compact portable power unit at an amazing value to help drive your outdoor activities? The PSX2 is your solution, and then some!. My vehicle has several 12V accessory power outlets, but they power off when I turn off the ignition. E Support 12v Car Add-a-circuit Fuse TAP Adapter Mini ATM APM Blade Fuse Holder Pack of 5: Home Improvement i would buy a car. A digital multimeter is your safeguard when doing a car alarm, keyless entry or remote car starter installation. Hundreds of different 12 Volt models to choose from. So big, delayed thanks for the writeup on how to provide 12V constant power to the hitch harness. If I use this outlet which hot wire do use here. Since these devices convert 12V DC power to AC power and provide that electricity via a standard wall plug, they can be used to run virtually any electronic device off of car power. i bought a ignition switch and key from autozone but for some reason when i ran the 12v power to the on postion ,on the key, to the coil. Examples of some of these features include, power bank, flashlight, and others. What is the most efficient method of getting a stable 5v power supply from 12 volt lead acid batteries? Note, the battery voltage extremes can vary from 11. I would like to use the cig. It is high precision, high efficiency, lightweight, energy efficiency and environmental protecting. If you can't find a suitable model from our catalogue, our talented R&D team can design a custom-made power supply to meet your requirements. Here are 4 simple 12V power supply circuits with output voltages around 12V. POWERING A 12V DC DEVICE The Portable Power is a power source for all 12V DC accessories that are equipped outages and on fishing or camping trips. [DC, 100W, 12V, Outdoor, rainproof] || Best Feedback from Customer, we always ensure 100% customer's satisfaction. Power supply and power control circuit diagrams / circuit schematics. Partly because - as others have correctly pointed out - having a convenient 12V source can allow you to easily bypass the ignition switch. So if you're sitting waiting in your car with it off, or standing in the vicinity, you don't necessarily want to turn on the car just to use the lighter. Constant Voltage 12V 60W 5A LED Power Supply. Whenever the alternator isn't feeding your system the correct amperage, you are in need of a better power supply. Maintains constant voltage. These are popular in consumer electronics. They are powering(Or attempting to power) a bridged 2 channel amp rated at 1200w Peak Power (So more like 300WRMS). Will something like this, do the trick:. Popular dc dc converter 80v to 12v of Good Quality and at Affordable Prices You can Buy on AliExpress. Car Audio Amplifier Troubleshooting. Let’s find a constant 12 volt wire. Swin Power can also provide you dimmable 12v led power supply With SAA. Buy 12v Power Supply Car Stereo at wholesale prices from leading Chinese wholesalers, enjoy online wholesale and become a wholesaler now。12v Power Supply Car Stereo is on sale, shop now before it's too late!. Universal hardwired screw-type connection terminals are hassle-free and ensure compatibility with a wide range of device equipment and components. The Arduino already has a regulator built-in so in theory you could just hook the car battery up to it directly. ALITOVE AC to DC Converter 12V 5A 60W 110-220V to 12V Car Cigarette Lighter Socket AC/DC Power Adapter Power Supply for Car Vacuum Cleaner Car Fan Car Air Purifier Car MP3 Other Car Devices Under 60W. Connected the + of the LED to a constant battery 12V+ connection. design takes the power from the wall, which has AC. Find power supply companies that can design, engineer, and manufacture power supplies to your specifications. The circuit will convert 12V DC to 120V AC. Details about IP67 Waterproof Transformer Power Supply Adapter AC to DC 12V/24V LED Driver AU LED Strip Lighting Car Caravan Boat 5M Bright White Waterproof Home. The device is designed to be powered constantly and I decided to use the car battery as the constant power source. 1 times the set current). The Pyramid Car Audio PS15 10-Amp Power Supply with Car-Charger Adapter provides convenient and reliable AC-to-DC power performance. I would start by looking for a BW wire ,because its tied directly to the MFI relay as a switched 12v source. You may be in luck if your car stereo has a wire for constant 12V power, in addition to a wire for switched 12V power. The technical definition of CCA is the maximum amount of Amps that a battery is capable of delivering at an ambient temperature of zero degrees Fahrenheit for 30 seconds before the battery is no longer able to supply a usable amount of power. And the battery at 12. kamagra 100mg sildenafil citrate for sale sildenafil 100mg gut viagra best place to buy generic cialis online cialis online discount. Can anyone guide me on how to get an idea on how to get constant 12 volt power from the 7 pin trailer wiring when the truck is off? Thanks, David. The advantage to rolling your own power supply is that it teaches us how they work and makes it easier to troubleshoot and repair other power supply units in the shack. This will give you a general idea of what kind of power supply to choose for your project. 9 inches deep; and were sold in red, black, yellow and pink. it attaches to the battery terminals. These little power supplies that you commonly see, (I call them wall warts) are not going to do the job because they don't provide enough amperage. There has to be a constant 12V power supply to the clock, otherwise it would lose it's setting when you shut the truck off. This calulator will help you figure out the proper resistor(s) needed to safely hook up one or more LEDs to power supplies of various values. INSTALLATION GUIDELINES. 5A 100W 110-220V to 12V Car Cigarette Lighter Socket. 8 volts to 15. The harness side of the connector (connector D-40 in the circuit diagrams for 1992 models) is shown below. When the engine is not running or is being started, the battery provides power. Unsubscribe from 12 Volt Neutron? Cancel How to find a short in a modern car fast and easy (The. Bench power supplies are expensive and therefore we usually use what's available. US $25: picoPSU-80 80W PSU. Home / Keyword: 12V DC Power Supply 20 Amp. The Toyota Prius has two 12 volt power outlets, one inside the console and one in the dash. 1A) great for charging your phone, tablets, kindle, game console, iPad and other electronic devices. Finding 12v Sources in a Car: When installing any electronic device in a vehicle, you will always be presented with the task of powering the device. If you setup LED lighting for your house - you can run it from the 12V battery. If all that you need the wire for is a remote turn on switch then the cigarette lighter (if it's switched in your car) is a good choice, just don't use any type of wire tap for your actual constant 12v source for the amp. 12 volt power supply Low Voltage Constant Current Power Supply. Dimmable LED Driver. Using a Multimeter and Testing Wires. Permanent 12V Supply for Car Accessory: This instructable will show you how to create a switched, permanent 12V power supply for your accessories. The bench power supply, along with the soldering iron and handheld multimeter, is a required item in any electronics lab toolbox. Note that all these links are external and we cannot provide support on the circuits or offer any guarantees to their accuracy. We offer a large selection of variable voltage and current regulated DC Power Supplies, which are also called bench power supplies, Lab Power Supplies, DC variable. Depends what you want power for but it is on a 20 amp fuse and a long bolt to fit several cables. Head Unit Has No Remote Wire. Hi - searched thru the forums and found a LOT of different answers to that question, so I'm not sure the best way to source switched 12V power. It's a switching DC supply so its small and light and efficient. Incorporated into the inverter is one or more slotted outlets that accept plugs from household devices. It was simple to put together and is completely removable. Dimmable LED Driver. Car battery 12V ~ 24V constant current LED drive driver power supply 10W #C50. 110-240V AC to 12V DC 5A Switch Power Supply for TB6 Balance Charger Click Power. Explore our selection today to find a wide variety of portable and wheeled jump starters that deliver high output current, extended cranking power, numerous jumps per charge, and long service lives. Oznium sells LEDs and related accessories that light up your life. 10W Type 1: Driving power: 10 Watt Input: 6 - 30v DC to 50kHz Output: 2 - 25VDC @820ma. Common households use approximately 120 volts AC. SW1 allows you to choose between the (3v to 12v) and (3v to 24v) outputs. 12 Volt DC encapsulated power supplies from leading power supply manufacturers. From the forum post it is clear that YELLOW wire to be connected to “constant battery power” and RED wire to “switched ignition power”. By using direct current from a battery during power outages and recharging those same batteries seamlessly when utility alternating current is available an inverter charger. I've connected the blue "switched power" wire to it's mate for the stereo. Skip navigation Sign in. Peruse our website to review and discover top power supply manufacturers with roll over ads and complete product descriptions. Input: AC 100 - 120V 50/60Hz; Output: 12V 1A (1000mA); Cable Length: 6FT(1. however i can't find a 12v source. 4V most of the time. If you need to run your system at maximum levels, go with Car Audio 12 Volt Power Supplies. The housing should be well ventilated. Let's say you want to keep the rectifier ripple to 0. Simple 12 Volt 30 Amp PSU Circuit Diagram Using a single 7812 IC voltage regulator and multiple outboard pass transistors, this power supply can deliver output load currents of up to 30 amps. Does anyone know the the most unobtrusive way to do this? Does Tesla have an official method? I found this Teslarati tutorial on using the OBD port but it seems a bit sloppy. Automotive Battery Jumpstarter with Inflator, Worklight and 12V DC Power Source. Constant Voltage LED Power supply for 12V LED - Modules 2013-03-21 AA416090055 OSRAM AG www. The most common and versatile regulated DC power supply is the constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV) type which as the name implies can provide either a constant current or constant voltage within a certain range, see image below. Constant Voltage LED Drivers are the driver of choice to pair with 120V switches, low voltage REIGN Dimmers, and RGB/DMX Controls. Home ; Products. Energy Efficient Constant Current LED Drivers help provide energy savings and reduce electricity costs. 12v 4a slim power supply 48w for bathroom LED mirror. The supply is most easily installed by connecting to 3 wires behind your radio: the +12V(car battery), ground and ACC (switched ignition) wires. A constant voltage power supply can be used to power LED lights that have resistors or constant. This is different from a home electrical system, which uses alternating current (AC) and provides 110 to 120 volts at. Get a multimeter and start probing with the car on and off. I used a multimeter to find an ignition source in the fuse box that happens to be grounded when the ignition is not on. The 56V model is suitable for any LED luminaires design with output forward voltage between 30V to 56V. I use it to power my electric fuel pump. 1 mm Battery charger works with Razor Power Core E90, Power Core 90, Pulse Revster, Razor Electric Scream Machine, Razor ePunk, Razor XLR8R, 12V Kids Ride On Car; Does NOT fit Razor E90, please check your scooter before purchasing UL Listed: Over Voltage output Protection, Over Current. I agree with yeags reguarding runing power and signal wires on opposite sides of the car, I do that as well. The following diagram is the basic design diagram of inverter circuit. 12 volt pumps can be hooked up to an available controller for low flow sampling. How to Power a Car Amplifier Using a Computer Power Supply. Other common names include plug pack, plug-in adapter, adapter block, domestic mains adapter, line power adapter, wall wart, power brick, and power adapter. The circuit will convert 12V DC to 120V AC. Power Wires: (+) 12 Volt Battery Wire (also referred to as the "Constant" wire: (typical replacement radio wire color: Yellow) This wire allows the radio to have a constant power source for the radio to memorize the correct time and to memorize station presets. What is a suitable power source to operate an inverter? To operate an inverter and supply power to an appliance, a suitable 12V DC power supply is required. 12 volt source in start & crank position. 5Kw? I'm working on a project for college and I'm not having much luck finding suppliers for motors, they're either wrong voltage or too small. How to Choose a 12V Power Supply Jameco's Power Resource Center One of Jameco's most popular product categories is Power Supplies. This page contains a simple smps circuit which is capable of producing 12 volt DC with 1 Amps current rating, and this circuit contains few easily available components, it may help you to. The heatsink is a folded strip of aluminium about 2mm thick, 18cm long and 6cm tall. The BSRT G-Jet motor was designed to work with a standard 12 Volt DC power supply. CONSTANT VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC CONSTANT VOLTAGE/CONSTANT CURRENT (CV/CC) POWER SUPPLY A power supply that acts as a constant voltage source for comparatively large values of load resistance and as a constant current source for comparatively small values of load resistance. You should be able to get away without a fuse from the battery to the stereo as long as there is a fuse in the actual stereo (very slim chance for a short in a small wooden box). A picture would be nice. This basic inverter circuit can handle up to 1000Watts supply depends the T1, T2 and transformer used. Please check the table below to see the power consumption of our LED strip lights. Did you manage to resolve this issue? I am currently having the same problem. Been reading through lots of posts and guides about using a pc power supply. For example coils, LEDs, lamps, Resistors, Heating coil, DC motor, etc. 7mm Connector Cord for Portable DVD Player,Car,Truck,Bus Camera,Car DVR. Shop for 12v power supply at Best Buy. That means our. Details about Car battery 12V ~ 24V constant current LED drive driver power supply 10W #C50 Be the first to write a review. Power Wires: (+) 12 Volt Battery Wire (also referred to as the “Constant” wire: (typical replacement radio wire color: Yellow) This wire allows the radio to have a constant power source for the radio to memorize the correct time and to memorize station presets. Heres a picture showing it with the fuse moved over making the 12v receptacles in the dash now switched power. To check hot, ignition, lights, dimmer, use a test light or voltmeter. Why not install a car stereo into the kitchen wall? It will normally receive power from a 12 volt DC source, and your home wiring will fry it instantly if you just rig something to power it. LED Display DPM8624 60V24A Digital Power. Finally, ground the relay. The manual specifies 12V as the operating voltage for the amplifier, so the power supply should be rated at a fixed 12V (regulated) and the current is immaterial and could be anything higher than 10amps upto infinity. Testing wires before you make a connection is a sure fire way to make sure you are making a proper connection. Home ; Products. The issue is more that a linear regulator from 12v to 5v has a maximum theoretical efficiency of 5/12, which is to say for every 5 watts of power used, at least 7 watts goes up in heat in the regulator. Constant Voltage 12V 60W 5A LED Power Supply. LED Power Supplies for strip lighting - LED flexible strip power supply. External terminals for easy access for charging this is the ultimate in campsite power. You provide the specifics, we provide a panel to make it happen. I am currently working on a vehicle-installed Arduino project. If all that you need the wire for is a remote turn on switch then the cigarette lighter (if it's switched in your car) is a good choice, just don't use any type of wire tap for your actual constant 12v source for the amp. Cheap 12v 2w, Buy Quality 12v dc lights directly from China light remote Suppliers: side glow fiber optic lights 2W DC 12V car / home decorative light illuminator constant current power supply +24 key remote RGB Enjoy Free Shipping Worldwide! Limited Time Sale Easy Return. Each of these articles explain how to modify a computer power supply to obtain a 12 volt or 13. Also remember that 12v connectors started as cigarette lighters. I want to know if A) there's another source to tap inside the car or B) am I limited to a fuse tap inside the frunk? 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If you will be using an AC/DC converter, the converter will transform household current into a 12-volt power supply; be certain, though, that the voltage output is set to "12 V DC" if there is more than one output option. If you setup LED lighting for your house - you can run it from the 12V battery. If all that you need the wire for is a remote turn on switch then the cigarette lighter (if it's switched in your car) is a good choice, just don't use any type of wire tap for your actual constant 12v source for the amp. I know that car batteries are 12V most of the time, but they can spike up to 14. Today however, there are also bronze, silver, gold, platinum power supplies which guarantee a certain amount (minimum of 80%) of efficiency. ) Charge a wheel chair, bicycle or scooter in your car or van. 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The Ixodes scapularis genome data will be managed and displayed as a component of VectorBase, a project directed by Frank Collins at the University of Notre Dame. VectorBase is a web-based, relational database that will enable the research community to search and analyze genomic data and related data types that are produced for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. Custom analytic tools developed for VectorBase will enable the scientific community to search and analyze project data. VectorBase data will include all genomic data (e.g., EST sequences, trace files, scaffolds, assemblies and automated annotations) plus non molecular data sets (e.g., images, gene ontology and nomenclature, (cytogenetics), functional datasets (e.g., additional EST data, micro-array and RNAi data), population datasets and associated literature. The development of Ixodes scapularis components of VectorBase is directed by Catherine A. Hill, PI (Purdue University) and Stephen K. Wilkel, Co-PI (University of Connecticut), who will collaborate with the scientific community to help guide the development of VectorBase in a manner that best serves the needs of the tick and Lyme disease research and control community.


Our flagship product is an interface called the Bendo Box™ and its Eurorack companion version. All of our circuit bent instruments are designed to work with the Bendo Box™. We can modify 3rd party devices to respond to the Bendo Box™. The Bendo Box™ is designed to receive ANY analog audio source signal, preferably but not necessarily a signal with a discernible beat or accents. This could be a mic on a live percussionist, tap dancer or beatboxer, or the analog output from a drum machine.
The Bendo Box™ will generate triggers on each of 5 outputs that correspond to the accents from the audio input. Our circuit bent instruments each have an input to receive these triggers, which in turn trigger the instruments’ internal sounds so that they will play in sync with the audio signal at the input of the Bendo Box™.
The Bendo Box™ Eurorack module will trigger other Eurorack modules’ gate triggers.


Quantitative Measurement of Nano-/Microparticle Endocytosis by Cell Mass Spectrometry
In the pursuit of Bio-Marker and cancer treatment, there seems to be a “Gold Rush”, thanks to the Nanotechnology! While scientists have been using nanogold as a carrier to send therapeutic compounds into living cells, conventional Mass Spectrometry devices lack a way to measure the effectiveness of such researches.
Mass Spectrometry Technology has been a focal research topic of the Physical & Computational Genomics Division in Genomics Research Center. Dr. Chung-Hsuan Chen, head of the division, aims to develop a full-scale all-particle mass spectrometry device. Their progress has been steady and surely. In 2007, an innovative MS device (named as Charge-Monitoring Mass Spectrometer, aka, CMS) was developed to weigh a single cancer cell with a high speed by his team, in collaboration with Dr. Huan-Cheng Chang’s group at Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science and Dr. Ming-Lee Chu at Institute of Physics and Dr. Alice Yu’s group at the Genomics Researach Center in Academia Sinica.
Since it can be used for rapid cell measurement, it is also called as Cell Mass Spectrometer. Conventional MS devices can only weigh particles whose diameters are below 10 nanometers(diagram 1), thus, none of the viruses, bacteria, or cells can be analyzed easily. Therefore, CMS is a one of a kind MS device so far.
In the May issue (volume 49, issue 20) of the elite Journal “Angewandte Chemie”, highlighted in the Communication section, a recent study of the group by using the CMS to investigate the quantitative method of examining living cells before and after the uptake of nano-particles, including the hot pursued nanogold was reported.The first step of this study was to determine the weight range of a certain living cell, in their case, the team obtained human cells from Dr. Alice Yu and derived the weight distribution diagram that clearly indicated the weight boundary of such cells. (diagram 2)
Next, the group wanted to find out the difference for the target cells treated with and without nano-particles, like nanogold, by the CMS.
Currently, it is already a known fact that nano-particles in ball like shapes tend to be absorbed by living cells. There are also custom made nanogold particles by various diameters. Therefore, the team did in-vitro tests, let the living cells sit with nanogold for different durations.
Test results shows, after 15 hours, all the living cells were “full”. This proved the same for nanogold particles in sizes ranged from 30 nm to 250 nm. By the unique feature of CMS, the researchers could also determine how many nanogold particles were swallowed by each of the living cells.
The same experiments were carried out then using a nonmetal Polystyrene particle, it showed that the cells would also swallow these particles, each one of them, to a certain limit, then stopped and remained alive.
The finding is encouraging because even though by the Induction Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) conventionally available, the same result of examining the amount of nanogold swallowed by the cells could be achieved, it proved that it would take 5 steps by the ICP-MS method compared to 2 steps using CMS. Moreover, the total time spent by the ICP-MS way was 5 times longer than the CMS way. Even better is, CMS could detect the exact amount of particles absorbed by each cells, not just a statistical average.CMS is the only device in the world to be able to measure the uptake of nonmetal nanoparticles by cells. Therefore it can be used for the measurement of drug uptake when drugs are carried by nanoparticles such as liposome. ICP-MS can not be used for measurements of the uptake of nonmetal nanoparticles.
Due to the non-discriminative nature of CMS, it can be sure that as long as the nano-particles are in ball-like shapes, the CMS can detect if such particles are absorbed by cells. This can range from viruses, nanodaimonds, nanogold, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, and micelles (diagram 3).
This unique feature proves handy for biological researches. For example, while new drug discovery may find certain lead objects that have a sharp edge or must be in liquid form to exist, to effectively send the drug candidate to living cells, the currently best solution is to wrap them up in a ball-like nano-particle.
Chemicals that contain Photocatalyst (TiO2）proved to be effective in treating odors, bacteria, however, it may cause diseases if the amount is not well managed. By using CMS, the amount of TiO2 absorbed by cells could be measured with no problems! ”It is exciting that we have shown CMS can quickly detect the change in weight while nanoparticles were taken by cells. We expected that cell mass spectrometry is of importance in medical applications.”, claimed Huan-Chang Lin, the first author of this article who is currently a Ph.D student.
The CMS for nanoparticle uptake measurements is a collaborative effort by Dr. Chung-Hsuan Chen and Dr. Alice Yu of Genomics Research Center, and Dr. Wen-Ping Peng of Department of Physics of National Dong Hwa University. Drs. Chen and Peng are corresponding authors of this article and long term partners in the MS technology study. Peng is also a key member in developing the first CMS. Dr. Chen has devoted a significant part of his career life in developing the MS technology and aims to deliver a universal MS device for biomedical, environmental and energy applications. This research pushes their work one step closer to complete the story!