NAIT tags are printed with a corresponding visual ID number so they can be read visually or with an electronic scanner. You need to know this number to register the animal after tagging, move the animal, and update its details.
You can use an electronic scanner to read RFID tags. A scanner will collect the tag data and save it into a file. This file can then be uploaded to the NAIT system when registering animals or recording animal movements.
Some scanners come with their own mobile apps or computer software that help you send animal information to NAIT.
This is best done before the tag is on an animal. Once a tag is on an animal it can be very difficult to get close enough to safely read the printing. Different types of tags made by different manufacturers are printed in various ways.
We recommend using a visual panel tag (double tagging) in addition to the NAIT tag. This helps to identify an animal safely without needing a scanner.
You can choose to use your own type of panel tag and link the panel tag and RFID tag in the system, or you can purchase a birth set when buying NAIT approved RFID tags.
A birth set comes with a panel tag printed with the same information as the RFID tag. These tags are already linked in the NAIT system.


S-link External Signal Interface
4-20mA analog signal to S-Link
ESI-1 is an External Signal Interface to the S-link bus. It has two analog inputs (4-20mA) that controls bow and stern thrusters proportionally.
It can operate all SEP, SHP and SAC thrusters combined with retract controller SR150000 and automatic main switch (AMS).
The ESI-1 is typically used with autopilots with 4-20mA outputs and 3rd party control systems.


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For over 40 years, distinguished university professor and senior research scientist, Lonnie Thompson, has been collecting ice to analyze the effects of climate change. He’s led 64 expeditions conducting ice core drilling programs in 16 countries.
Lonnie shares how he first became interested in studying ice, and how his early failure led to the development of the first solar-powered drilling equipment launching a whole new area of research. The results of these studies have been published in more than 260 articles.
The history of the earth’s climate is recorded in glaciers around the world, sums up what is happening in the environment, and allows us the opportunity to respond to what we are seeing. By studying the data in the ice core, we are able to understand data through the course of time, long before humans were around to record it.
This intriguing interview will leave you rethinking what you thought you knew about ice!
Docu-Short: The Rising Cost of Climate Change – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ecKFWLBVJQ
Icy Warning from the World’s Highest Mountain – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrmiygm3QfM
Lonnie Thompson – https://byrd.osu.edu/people/thompson.3


Solar panels can work with artificial light. However, their performance and energy outputs will never be as high as if they were exposed to sunlight. The energy output of the solar panel will also vary depending on the type of bulb, the type of light (warm or cold), intensity, and the wavelength of the artificial light.
Let’s analyze some of these facts in order to give you a good reference of the impact of artificial light on solar power performance. First, we must approach some technical factors.
Solar Radiation and Light Spectrum
Solar radiation is the main source of energy used by solar panels to generate electricity. We can describe it as the transference of energy from the Sun through a set of electromagnetic radiations that are distributed in a light spectrum that goes from ultraviolet to infrared radiation.
The solar radiation spectrum can be divided into several regions according to the wavelengths of the electromagnetic waves that reach the Earth, as you can see in the figure below:Source: Geolycafe
From the figure above, we can notice that the highest irradiance values can be obtained in the region of visible light. This region contains all the colors of the rainbow and includes wavelengths that go from 400 to 700 nm. After the 700nm wavelength, there is no longer more visible light but infrared wavelengths. This section of the solar spectrum provides the heat in the Earth and is the radiation spectrum that a solar powered pool heater or a solar pool blanket would use to warm up the pool water in a household.
Based on this approach, most solar panel manufacturers focus on maximizing the absorption of light within the visible region. However, solar panels can also be designed to absorb light in wider wavelengths. As we can see below, some of the most common solar panel technologies, like monocrystalline and polycrystalline modules, are able to cover a higher range of wavelengths including visible light. They can also include wavelengths in the near infrared region (up to 1200 nm). Other popular thin-film technologies such as CIGS and CdTe can also cover these regions, although with less efficiency. Amorphous (a-Si), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Dye-sensitized (DSSC) and Organic Solar Cells are mainly restricted to the visible region of light.Source: A proposal for typical artificial light sources for the characterization of indoor photovoltaic applications – B.Minnaer and P.Veelaert, Ghent, University
As you can see, there are other wavelengths of light that can also be used by large, commercially available technologies like silicon modules to harness electricity. Therefore, we can ask ourselves, is it possible that solar panels can harness electricity from other sources of light, like incandescent or fluorescent bulbs?
An incandescent lamp is composed of a balloon of glass in which a filament is heated to high temperatures (2,000 to 3,000 K) and is generally defined within a spectrum of 300 -830 nm wavelengths, having its peak on the infrared region of light. Therefore, if solar panels can extract power from wavelengths as low as 300 nm to 1,200 nm, then it is logical to think that solar panels could extract some energy from this source.Source: Comsol
On the other hand, fluorescent lights were defined and designed to be located inside the visible region of light. There are many types of fluorescent lamps (around 12) that are designed using different technologies. However, most of them use gases that are electrically charged, like mercury, to create a path for a current to flow. In turn, this will lead a phosphor to fluoresce and create visible light. This technology focuses on the lower band of the visible light spectrum which produces low ultraviolet light.
LED and metal halide technologies are also other common artificial sources of light. Metal halide lamps are high-pressure discharge lamps that use an electric arc in a gaseous mixture of vaporized mercury and metal halide to produce light in a broad spectrum. On the other hand, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are solid-state lamps that use the electroluminescence of a bandgap (a barrier that limits electrons inside a material) to emit light. They can be divided into cool and warm technologies.
According to a research study done at the Ghent University in Belgium, we can visualize the typical wavelength ranges of all artificial light technologies scaled to 500 lux.Spectrum irradiance vs. wavelength ranges of light in different fluorescent lamps. F2: Cool fluorescent lamp of a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4230 K. F7: Broad-band fluorescent lamp (CCT=6500 K). F11: Narrow tri-band fluorescent lamp (CCT=4000 K)
Source: A proposal for typical artificial light sources for the characterization of indoor photovoltaic applications – B.Minnaer and P.Veelaert, Ghent, UniversitySpectrum irradiance vs. wavelength ranges of light in different LED and Metal Halide lamps
Source: A proposal for typical artificial light sources for the characterization of indoor photovoltaic applications – B.Minnaer and P.Veelaert, Ghent, University
Solar Panels Tested Under Artificial Light Conditions
Ben Minnaert and Peter Veelaert from the Ghent University asked themselves the same question that we wondered ourselves. So, to find the truth, they put all of the artificial lights into different categories: incandescent, fluorescent, LED, and metal halide lamps.
Then, they used different solar panel technologies like monocrystalline, polycrystalline, Cadmium Tellurium, CIGS, and others to quantify the power outputs of these modules under indoor conditions at 500 luxes (typical measure of the intensity of light in sq. meters inside offices) from the mentioned artificial sources of light.
Amazingly, they found that it was indeed possible to harness electricity from artificial light through solar panels. However, efficiency values were nowhere close to what would be expected in outdoor daylight conditions.
They found that the monocrystalline technology and incandescent light were the best possible combination to obtain electricity from artificial light, followed by polycrystalline and CIGS technologies combined with incandescent light. Nevertheless, taking into account a 500 lux illumination, it was possible to obtain only 6 W/m2, too low for Standard Test Conditions.
Other sources of light like fluorescent, LED and metal halide were not as efficient with silicon cells, but instead with GaAs and CdTe solar panels. However, these technologies were not suitable at all since they were able to produce more than 1 W/m2.
There is a lot of speculation about how solar panels work in different scenarios. For example, whether solar panels work through glass or work when using artificial light are among the most speculated.
Maybe the reason why you wanted to know about this was to be able to use your cell phone solar charger while at home, or maybe to evaluate commercial security applications where you can install wireless solar security cameras while placing the module inside to harvest the artificial light.
Whatever the reason is, based on this research we can conclude that solar panels can work with artificial light, but the efficiency obtained from using this source of light is so negligible that is not worth it to be considered as electrical supply.
Moreover, if we compare the spectrum of irradiance from fluorescent sources of light with the solar radiation spectrum, we can notice great differences.
Solar radiation spectrum curve follows a smooth and continuous shape that maximizes the conversion of light into electricity. We can notice that by multiplying the wavelength in nm. with the spectral irradiance in W/m2, we can theoretically obtain values of 1000 W/m2.
However, when we compare it with the fluorescent, LED, or metal halide spectral irradiance, we can notice that many of them have irregular spikes that do not allow a smooth absorption of light. Besides, these values are in mW/m2 rated at 500 luxes. When we multiply them with the wavelengths in nm., we obtain values lower than 30 W/m2. The difference is just astronomic.
For applications inside commercial buildings related to BIPV, illuminance values can increase, however, they will not be as attractive as to consider installing solar panels to take advantage of artificial light. As a reference, a UEFA Champions League Stadium can have an average illuminance of 2,000 luxes, and if you multiply the estimated 30W/m2 at 500 luxes by four (to achieve approximately 2,000 luxes), then you would only be obtaining around 120W/m2 irradiance values, which is still very low.


Where Are The Voyagers?
Quite a long time ago two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, weighing one ton each were launched on interplanetary expeditions. These two spacecraft were actually launched way back in 1977 – 20th August (Voyager 2) and 5th September 1977 (Voyager 1) to be precise – and between them they visited and photographed the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) in incredible detail. At that time of my life I was living in England, and I well remember the excellent BBC documentaries, "Encounter with Uranus" and "Encounter with Neptune", which showed some of the incredible images sent back from the far reaches of the solar system. In the first twelve years of their lives, both spacecraft produced a wealth of discoveries about the four gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and their 48 moons which were then known. Among their discoveries they revealed that Jupiter's atmosphere has dozens of huge storms, that the hazy atmosphere of Saturn's moon, Titan may hold the secrets of the origin of life, that Miranda, a small moon of Uranus, has a jumble of old and new surfaces, and that Neptune's moon Triton has active geysers.
As a result of their last planetary encounters, both these spacecraft were ejected at great speed out of the plane of the solar system, Voyager 1 heading "upwards" at an angle of 35 degrees to the ecliptic plane, and Voyager 2 heading "downwards" with respect to Earth’s orientation at an angle of 48 degrees to the ecliptic. (The ecliptic is the horizontal plane of the solar system and is basically the path which all the planets and the moon follow as they move across the sky). The distances our two spacecraft have now traveled is pretty significant. Voyager 1 currently (May 2020) is the farthest human-made object, at a distance from the sun of about 22 billion kilometers. Voyager 2 is currently about 18.4 billion kilometers from the sun. This means that they are still less than a light day away from us! Hard to believe, isn’t it, that something traveling at 17 Km per second since 1977 can still only be about a light day away from us. Remember that the nearest star is approximately 4 light YEARS away.
Both craft are powered by what is known as RTG’s, which stands for Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators. These are devices powered by the decay of Plutonium, and at launch they generated 470 watts of 30 volt electrical power. Due to the natural decay of the fuel source (which is how they work in the first place), the power levels have been falling, and at the beginning of 1997 had fallen to about 335 watts for both spacecraft. However, this level of power generation is still sufficient to run most of the on-board instruments until perhaps the year 2020, and so what had started as an interplanetary mission was converted by NASA to the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM) in 1989.
The VIM objectives are to study the Termination Shock Boundary, the Heliosheath through to the Heliopause, and finally the Interstellar Phase. So what exactly do these terms mean? Well, I think we all know that the sun produces a continuous stream of energetic particles, which we call the solar wind. This plasma flow travels past the Earth and other planets at supersonic speeds as it heads outwards from the sun. I think we also know that the sun and planets are moving through space at a fair old speed, and the two Voyagers are racing ahead of the sun in it's passage through space. Because of this "forward" motion, the solar system creates a bow wave in the direction of motion, at the point where the plasma stream comes into contact with the interstellar "winds". This bow wave has the effect of slowing down the solar wind particles, and a point is therefore reached where this slowing becomes sufficient to reduce their speed to subsonic levels. This is the first point for which the spacecraft will be looking, called the Termination Shock Boundary. The exact location of this boundary is not known, but most current estimates put it at between 82 and 93AU from the sun. So you can see that if these calculations are correct, the boundary will be reached sometime between the years 2003 and 2006. The next stage of the mission will be when the spacecraft reach the limit of effect of the solar wind. This will be the point beyond which they are subject only to the effects of the interstellar winds, and is known as the Heliopause. Recent estimates are that it will take Voyager 1 between 7 and 21 years to reach the Heliopause. Until the Heliopause is reached, the spacecraft are operating inside what is know as the Heliosheath, which is the general area under the direct influence of the sun and the solar wind. It is not known how extensive the Heliosheath is, but it could be tens of astronomical units thick, taking several years for the spacecraft to traverse. Once the Heliopause is reached, the spacecraft will enter the true interstellar environment, and will be the first objects to completely escape the influence of the sun. We have to hope that the craft and their power supplies can endure until that point is reached.
How Long Will They Last?
So how long will the power last for the spacecraft systems? Well, as I said earlier the power generated will gradually decrease as the fuel decays, and plans are in place for gradually shutting down the various spacecraft systems to eke out as far as possible the power which is available. First to be turned off were the ultra-violet observation systems in year 2000, but now that this has been done, the other instruments can be kept operating for several years. These are the magnetic field instruments, the low energy charged particle investigations, cosmic ray and plasma wave measurements. In about the year 2011, gyro operations will be terminated. This will end the capability to rotate the spacecraft, which could compromise our ability to maintain communication and retrieve the data. Around the same time they will turn off the digital tape recorder, which further compromises data playback and retrieval, but scientists are confident they can maintain contact, and insist this is a necessary compromise to maximise on the useful life for the two craft. Finally, around the year 2018, power sharing between instruments will be initiated. However, JPL plans to be able to continue to collect meaningful data at least through 2020, after which point there will be insufficient power to run any of the instruments, and our little messengers will finally be dead, nearly half a century since they were launched. Long after they fall silent, the Voyager twins will keep speeding away from our solar system, each carrying a disk of recorded images from Earth. Included are greetings from many Earth languages, images of life on our planet and Man's achievements. Long after our sun has swelled to become a red giant star, probably destroying the Earth in the process, the Voyager craft will still be moving among the stars. Perhaps long after mankind itself has disappeared from the cosmos they will still be wandering. If they are ever found by another intelligence in the farthest distant future, I wonder what they will make of the images of the creatures who made it so long ago and so very far away.
Just a few more facts about the Voyagers before we leave them to their fate. Each mission cost $865 million and a total of 11,000 people were involved with the program through the encounter with Neptune. They carry with them special time capsules, intended to communicate a story of our world to extra-terrestrials. The Voyager message is carried on a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk containing sounds and images which portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth. The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan and it contains 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind and thunder, birds, whales, and other animals, musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings from Earth-people in fifty-five languages, and printed messages from President Carter and the then United Nations Secretary General, Kurt Waldheim. Each record is encased in a protective aluminum jacket, together with a cartridge and a needle. Instructions, in symbolic language, explain the origin of the spacecraft and indicate how the record is to be played. The 115 images are encoded in analog form. The remainder of the record is in audio, designed to be played at 16-2/3 revolutions per second. It will be forty thousand years before the spacecraft have any chance of making a close approach to any other planetary system. As Carl Sagan noted, "The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced space faring civilizations in interstellar space. But the launching of this bottle into the cosmic ocean says something very hopeful about life on this planet." Let’s hope he’s right!
LATEST NEWS (23rd April, 2024)
For the first time since November 2023, NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft is returning usable data about the health and status of its onboard engineering systems. The next step is to enable the spacecraft to begin returning science data again. The probe and its twin, Voyager 2, are the only spacecraft to ever fly in interstellar space. Voyager 1 stopped sending readable science and engineering data back to Earth on Nov. 14, 2023, even though mission controllers could tell the spacecraft was still receiving their commands and otherwise operating normally. In March the Voyager engineering team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California confirmed that the issue was tied to one of the spacecraft’s three onboard computers, called the flight data subsystem (FDS). The FDS is responsible for packaging the science and engineering data before it’s sent to Earth. The team discovered that a single chip responsible for storing a portion of the FDS memory, including some of the FDS computer’s software code, isn’t working. The loss of that code rendered the science and engineering data unusable. Unable to repair the chip, the team decided to place the affected code elsewhere in the FDS memory. But no single location is large enough to hold the section of code in its entirety. So, they devised a plan to divide the affected code into sections and store those sections in different places in the FDS. To make this plan work, they also needed to adjust those code sections to ensure, for example, that they all still function as a whole. Any references to the location of that code in other parts of the FDS memory needed to be updated as well. The team started by singling out the code responsible for packaging the spacecraft’s engineering data. They sent it to its new location in the FDS memory on April 18. A radio signal currently takes about 22 ½ hours to reach Voyager 1, which is over 15 billion miles (24 billion kilometers) from Earth, and another 22 ½ hours for a signal to come back to Earth. When the mission flight team heard back from the spacecraft on April 20, they saw that the modification had worked: For the first time in five months they have been able to check the health and status of the spacecraft. During the coming weeks, the team will relocate and adjust the other affected portions of the FDS software. These include the portions that will start returning science data. Voyager 2 continues to operate normally.
LATEST NEWS (29th October, 2020)
On Oct. 29, mission operators sent a series of commands to Voyager 2 for the first time since mid-March. The spacecraft has been flying solo while the 70-meter-wide (230-foot-wide) radio antenna used to talk to it has been offline for repairs and upgrades. Voyager 2 returned a signal confirming it had received the "call" and executed the commands without issue. This call to Voyager 2 was a test of new hardware recently installed on Deep Space Station 43, the only dish in the world that can send commands to Voyager 2. Located in Canberra, Australia, it is part of NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN), a collection of radio antennae around the world used primarily to communicate with spacecraft operating beyond the Moon. Since the dish went offline, mission operators have been able to receive health updates and science data from Voyager 2, but they haven't been able to send commands to the probe, which has traveled billions of miles from Earth since its 1977 launch.
Among the upgrades to DSS43, as the dish is known, are two new radio transmitters. One of them, which is used to talk with Voyager 2, hasn't been replaced in over 47 years. Engineers have also upgraded heating and cooling equipment, power supply equipment, and other electronics needed to run the new transmitters.
The successful call to Voyager 2 is just one indication that the dish will be back online in February 2021.
LATEST NEWS (3rd March, 2020)
Engineers for NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft are working to return the mission to normal operating conditions after one of the spacecraft's autonomous fault protection routines was triggered. Multiple fault protection routines were programmed into both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 in order to allow the spacecraft to automatically take actions to protect themselves if potentially harmful circumstances arise. On Saturday 25th January, Voyager 2 didn't execute a scheduled manoeuvre in which the spacecraft rotates 360 degrees in order to calibrate its onboard magnetic field instrument. Analysis of telemetry from the spacecraft indicated that an unexplained delay in the onboard execution of the manoeuvre commands inadvertently left two systems that consume relatively high levels of power operating at the same time. This caused the spacecraft to overdraw its available power supply. The fault protection software routine was designed to automatically manage such an event, and by design, it appears to have turned off the science instruments to make up for the power deficit. As of 28th January engineers have successfully turned off one of the high-power systems and turned the science instruments back on. The team is now reviewing the status of the rest of the spacecraft and working on returning it to normal operations. As of 3rd March, 2020 the five science instruments are confirmed as back on and returning normal science data. In addition to managing each Voyager's power supply, mission operators must also manage the temperature of certain systems on the spacecraft. If, for example, the spacecraft fuel lines were to freeze and break, Voyager would no longer be able to point its antenna back at Earth to send data and receive commands. The temperature of the spacecraft is maintained either through the use of heaters or by taking advantage of excess heat from other onboard instruments and systems.It has taken the team several days to assess the current situation primarily because of Voyager 2's distance from Earth - about 11.5 billion miles (18.5 billion kilometers). Communications travelling at the speed of light take about 17 hours to reach the spacecraft, and it takes another 17 hours for a response from the spacecraft to return to Earth. As a result, mission engineers have to wait about 34 hours to find out if their commands have had the desired effect on the spacecraft.
LATEST NEWS (5th November, 2019)
On 5th November, 2018, Voyager 2 became only the second spacecraft in history to leave the heliosphere. At a distance of about 11 billion miles (18 billion kilometres) from Earth - well beyond the orbit of Pluto - Voyager 2 had entered interstellar space, or the region between stars. On 5th November, 2019 five new research papers in the journal Nature Astronomy described what scientists observed during and since Voyager 2's historic crossing. Each paper details the findings from one of Voyager 2's five operating science instruments: a magnetic field sensor, two instruments to detect energetic particles in different energy ranges and two instruments for studying plasma. Taken together the findings help paint a picture of this cosmic shoreline, where the environment created by our Sun ends and the vast ocean of interstellar space begins. The Sun's heliosphere is like a ship sailing through interstellar space. Both the heliosphere and interstellar space are filled with plasma, a gas that has had some of its atoms stripped of their electrons. The plasma inside the heliosphere is hot and sparse, while the plasma in interstellar space is colder and denser. The space between stars also contains cosmic rays, or particles accelerated by exploding stars. Voyager 1 discovered that the heliosphere protects Earth and the other planets from more than 70% of that radiation. When Voyager 2 exited the heliosphere last year scientists announced that its two energetic particle detectors noticed dramatic changes: The rate of heliospheric particles detected by the instruments plummeted, while the rate of cosmic rays (which typically have higher energies than the heliospheric particles) increased dramatically and remained high. The changes confirmed that the probe had entered a new region of space. Before Voyager 1 reached the edge of the heliosphere in 2012, scientists didn't know exactly how far this boundary was from the Sun. The two probes exited the heliosphere at different locations and also at different times in the constantly repeating, approximately 11-year solar cycle, over the course of which the Sun goes through a period of high and low activity. Scientists expected that the edge of the heliosphere, called the heliopause, can move as the Sun's activity changes, sort of like a lung expanding and contracting with breath. This was consistent with the fact that the two probes encountered the heliopause at different distances from the Sun. The new papers now confirm that Voyager 2 is not yet in undisturbed interstellar space: Like its twin, Voyager 1, Voyager 2 appears to be in a perturbed transitional region just beyond the heliosphere. The two Voyager spacecraft have now confirmed that the plasma in local interstellar space is significantly denser than the plasma inside the heliosphere, as scientists expected. Voyager 2 has now also measured the temperature of the plasma in nearby interstellar space and confirmed it is colder than the plasma inside the heliosphere. In 2012, Voyager 1 observed a slightly higher-than-expected plasma density just outside the heliosphere, indicating that the plasma is being somewhat compressed. Voyager 2 observed that the plasma outside the heliosphere is slightly warmer than expected, which could also indicate it is being compressed. (The plasma outside is still colder than the plasma inside.) Voyager 2 also observed a slight increase in plasma density just before it exited the heliosphere, indicating that the plasma is compressed around the inside edge of the bubble. But scientists don't yet fully understand what is causing the compression on either side. If the heliosphere is like a ship sailing through interstellar space, it appears the hull is somewhat leaky. One of Voyager's particle instruments showed that a trickle of particles from inside the heliosphere is slipping through the boundary and into interstellar space. Voyager 1 exited close to the very "front" of the heliosphere, relative to the bubble's movement through space. Voyager 2, on the other hand, is located closer to the flank, and this region appears to be more porous than the region where Voyager 1 is located. An observation by Voyager 2's magnetic field instrument confirms a surprising result from Voyager 1: The magnetic field in the region just beyond the heliopause is parallel to the magnetic field inside the heliosphere. With Voyager 1, scientists had only one sample of these magnetic fields and couldn't say for sure whether the apparent alignment was characteristic of the entire exterior region or just a coincidence. Voyager 2's magnetometer observations confirm the Voyager 1 finding and indicate that the two fields align.
LATEST NEWS (1st December, 2018)
Voyager 1, which has been flying for 43 years now, relies on small thrusters to orient itself so it can communicate with Earth. These "attitude control thrusters" fire in tiny pulses lasting mere milliseconds, to subtly rotate the spacecraft so that its antenna points at our planet, but since 2014, engineers have noticed that they have been degrading. Over time, the thrusters require more puffs to give off the same amount of energy. At 13 billion miles from Earth, there's no way to repair them. The Voyager team has been looking at using a set of four backup thrusters which have been dormant since 1980. A team of specialists looked at options for these thrusters, which had not been used since spacecraft flew past Saturn and the outer planets. This involved the Voyager team digging up decades-old data and examining the software that was coded in an outdated assembler language. On Tuesday, Nov. 28, 2017, Voyager engineers test fired the four TCM thrusters for the first time in 37 years to test their ability to orient the spacecraft using 10-millisecond pulses. The team waited eagerly as the results travelled through space, taking 19 hours and 35 minutes to reach an antenna in Goldstone, California, that is part of NASA's Deep Space Network. Lo and behold, on Wednesday, Nov. 29, they learned the TCM thrusters worked perfectly -- and just as well as the attitude control thrusters. The plan going forward is to switch to the TCM thrusters in January. To make the change, Voyager has to turn on one heater per thruster, which requires power -- a limited resource for the aging mission. When there is no longer enough power to operate the heaters, the team will switch back to the attitude control thrusters. The thruster test went so well, the team will likely do a similar test on the TCM thrusters for Voyager 2, the twin spacecraft of Voyager 1, although the attitude control thrusters currently used for Voyager 2 are not yet as degraded as for Voyager 1. Voyager 2 also entered interstellar space, on 5th November, 2018. That was when the steady stream of particles emitted by our Sun suddenly dipped as the spacecraft crossed the heliopause. Voyager 2 is currently 18 billion km from Earth.
LATEST NEWS (1st August, 2017)
The spacecraft achieve 40 years of operation and exploration in August and September 2017. They continue to communicate with NASA daily and have set numerous records. In 2012, Voyager 1, which launched on Sept. 5, 1977, became the only spacecraft to have entered interstellar space. Voyager 2, launched on Aug. 20, 1977, is the only spacecraft to have flown by all four outer planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Their numerous planetary encounters include discovering the first active volcanoes beyond Earth, on Jupiter's moon Io; first hints of a subsurface ocean on Jupiter's moon Europa; the most Earth-like atmosphere in the solar system, on Saturn's moon Titan; the jumbled-up, icy moon Miranda at Uranus; and icy-cold geysers on Neptune's moon Triton. Though the spacecraft have left the planets far behind - and neither will come remotely close to another star for 40,000 years - they still send back observations about conditions where our Sun's influence diminishes and interstellar space begins. Voyager 1, now almost 13 billion miles from Earth, travels through interstellar space northward out of the plane of the planets. The probe has shown that cosmic rays are as much as four times more abundant in interstellar space than in the vicinity of Earth. This means the heliosphere effectively acts as a radiation shield for the planets. Voyager 1 also hinted that the magnetic field of the local interstellar medium is wrapped around the heliosphere. Voyager 2, now almost 11 billion miles from Earth, travels south and is expected to enter interstellar space in the next few years. The different locations of the two Voyagers allow scientists to compare right now two regions of space where the heliosphere interacts with the surrounding interstellar medium using instruments which measure charged particles, magnetic fields, low-frequency radio waves and solar wind plasma. Once Voyager 2 crosses into the interstellar medium they will also be able to sample the medium from two different locations simultaneously. The twin Voyagers were well equipped for their journeys. Both carry redundant systems which allow the spacecraft to switch to backup systems autonomously when necessary, as well as long-lasting power supplies. Each Voyager has three radioisotope thermoelectric generators using the decay of plutonium-238 and only half of it will be gone after 88 years. Space is almost empty, so the Voyagers are not at a significant level of risk of bombardment by large objects. However, Voyager 1's environment is not a complete void. It's filled with clouds of dilute material remaining from stars which exploded as supernovae millions of years ago. This material doesn't pose a danger to the spacecraft, but is a key part of the environment the Voyager mission is helping scientists study and characterize. Because the power decreases by four watts per year, engineers are learning how to operate the spacecraft under ever-tighter power constraints. And to maximize lifespan they also have to consult documents written decades earlier, describing commands and software, in addition to the expertise of former Voyager engineers. Team members estimate they will have to turn off the last science instrument by 2030. However, even after the spacecraft go silent, they'll continue on their trajectories at their present speed of more than 30,000 mph (48,280 kilometers per hour), completing an orbit within the Milky Way every 225 million years.
LATEST NEWS (16th December, 2014)
The Voyager 1 spacecraft has experienced three shock waves. The most recent shock wave, first observed in February 2014, still appears to be going on. The "tsunami wave" that the spacecraft began experiencing earlier this year is still propagating outward, according to new results. It is the longest-lasting shock wave that researchers have seen in interstellar space. Most people thought the interstellar medium would be smooth and quiet, but these shock waves seem to be more common than was thought. A "tsunami wave" occurs when the sun emits a coronal mass ejection, throwing out a magnetic cloud of plasma from its surface. This generates a wave of pressure. When the wave runs into the interstellar plasma -- the charged particles found in the space between the stars -- a shock wave results that perturbs the plasma. This is the third shock wave that Voyager 1 has experienced. The first event was in October to November of 2012, and the second wave in April to May of 2013 revealed an even higher plasma density. Voyager 1 detected the most recent event in February, and it is still going on as of November data. The spacecraft has moved outward 250 million miles (400 million kilometers) during the third event. It is unclear to researchers what the unusual longevity of this particular wave may mean. They are also uncertain as to how fast the wave is moving or how broad a region it covers. The second tsunami wave helped researchers determine in 2013 that Voyager 1 had left the heliosphere, the bubble created by the solar wind encompassing the sun and the planets in our solar system. Denser plasma "rings" at a higher frequency, and the medium that Voyager flew through, was 40 times denser than what had been previously measured. This was key to the conclusion that Voyager had entered a frontier where no spacecraft had gone before: interstellar space. It seems that density of the plasma is higher the farther Voyager goes, but it is not know if that is because the interstellar medium is denser as Voyager moves away from the heliosphere, or if it is from the shock wave itself.
LATEST NEWS (6th December, 2011)
Voyager 1 has now entered a new ‘stagnation region’ in the outermost layer of the bubble surrounding our solar system, and between the sun and interstellar space. Data obtained over the last year (2011) reveal that in this new region the “wind” of charged particles streaming out from the sun has calmed and the solar system's magnetic field has piled up. Yet although the spacecraft is about 11 billion miles (18 billion kilometers) from the sun, it is not yet in true interstellar space. In the latest data, the direction of the magnetic field lines has not changed, indicating Voyager is still within the heliosphere, the bubble of charged particles the sun blows around itself. The data do not reveal exactly when Voyager 1 will make it past the edge of the solar atmosphere into interstellar space, but suggest it will be in a few months to a few years. The latest findings, come from Voyager's Low Energy Charged Particle instrument, Cosmic Ray Subsystem and Magnetometer. Scientists previously reported the outward speed of the solar wind had diminished to zero in April 2010, marking the start of the new region. Mission managers rolled the spacecraft several times this spring and summer to help scientists discern whether the solar wind was blowing strongly in another direction. It was not. Voyager 1 is plying the celestial seas in a region similar to Earth's doldrums, where there is very little wind. During this past year, Voyager's magnetometer also detected a doubling in the intensity of the magnetic field in the stagnation region, showing that inward pressure from interstellar space is compacting it. Voyager has also been measuring energetic particles that originate from inside and outside our solar system. Until mid-2010, the intensity of particles originating from inside our solar system had been holding steady. But during the past year, the intensity of these energetic particles has been declining, as though they are leaking out into interstellar space. The particles are now half as abundant as they were during the previous five years. At the same time, a 100-fold increase has been detected in the intensity of high-energy electrons from elsewhere in the galaxy diffusing into our solar system from outside, which is another indication of the approaching boundary. Scientists have been using the flow of energetic charged particles at Voyager 1 as a kind of wind sock to estimate the solar wind velocity. They have found that the wind speeds are low in this region and gust erratically - for the first time, the wind even blows back at us. Scientists had suggested previously that there might be a stagnation layer, but now we have proof.
LATEST NEWS (15th June, 2012)
Latest Data from Voyager 1 indicate that the spacecraft has encountered a region in space where the intensity of charged particles from beyond our solar system has markedly increased. Voyager scientists looking at this rapid rise draw closer to an inevitable but historic conclusion – that humanity's first emissary to interstellar space is on the edge of our solar system. The laws of physics say that someday Voyager will become the first human-made object to enter interstellar space, but we still do not know exactly when that someday will be. This latest data indicate that the spacecraft is clearly in a new region where things are changing more quickly. We are approaching the solar system's frontier. The data making the 16-hour, 38 minute, 11.1-billion-mile (17.8-billion-kilometer) journey from Voyager 1 to antennas of NASA's Deep Space Network on Earth detail the number of charged particles measured by the two High Energy telescopes aboard the 34-year-old spacecraft. These energetic particles were generated when stars in our cosmic neighborhood went supernova. From January 2009 to January 2012, there had been a gradual increase of about 25 percent in the amount of galactic cosmic rays Voyager was encountering. More recently, there has been a very rapid escalation in that part of the energy spectrum. Beginning on May 7, the cosmic ray hits have increased five percent in a week and nine percent in a month. This marked increase is one of a triad of data sets which need to make significant swings of the needle to indicate a new era in space exploration. The second important measure from the spacecraft's two telescopes is the intensity of energetic particles generated inside the heliosphere, the bubble of charged particles the sun blows around itself. While there has been a slow decline in the measurements of these energetic particles, they have not dropped off precipitously, which could be expected when Voyager breaks through the solar boundary. The final data set that Voyager scientists believe will reveal a major change is the measurement in the direction of the magnetic field lines surrounding the spacecraft. While Voyager is still within the heliosphere, these field lines run east-west. When it passes into interstellar space, the team expects Voyager will find that the magnetic field lines orient in a more north-south direction. Such analysis will take weeks, and the Voyager team is currently crunching the numbers of its latest data set. Launched in 1977, Voyager 1 and 2 are in good health. Voyager 2 is more than 9.1 billion miles (14.7 billion kilometers) away from the sun. Both are operating as part of the Voyager Interstellar Mission, an extended mission to explore the solar system outside the neighborhood of the outer planets and beyond. NASA's Voyagers are the two most distant active representatives of humanity and its desire to explore.
LATEST NEWS (5th December, 2012)
Voyager 1 has now entered a new region at the far reaches of our solar system that scientists feel is the final area the spacecraft has to cross before reaching interstellar space. They refer to this new region as a magnetic highway for charged particles because our sun's magnetic field lines are connected to interstellar magnetic field lines. This connection allows lower-energy charged particles that originate from inside our heliosphere -- or the bubble of charged particles the sun blows around itself -- to zoom out and allows higher-energy particles from outside to stream in. Before entering this region, the charged particles bounced around in all directions, as if trapped on local roads inside the heliosphere. The Voyager team infers this region is still inside our solar bubble because the direction of the magnetic field lines has not changed. The direction of these magnetic field lines is predicted to change when Voyager breaks through to interstellar space. and scientists believe this is the last leg of the journey to interstellar space - possibly only a few months to a couple of years away. The new region isn't what they had expected, but they've come to expect the unexpected from Voyager. Since December 2004, when Voyager 1 crossed a point in space called the termination shock, the spacecraft has been exploring the heliosphere's outer layer, called the heliosheath. In this region the solar wind abruptly slowed down from supersonic speeds and became turbulent. Voyager 1's environment was consistent for about five and a half years but the spacecraft then detected that the outward speed of the solar wind had slowed to zero. The intensity of the magnetic field also began to increase at that time. Voyager data from two onboard instruments that measure charged particles showed the spacecraft first entered this magnetic highway region on July 28, 2012. The region ebbed away and flowed toward Voyager 1 several times, the spacecraft entering the region again on 25th August, and the environment has been stable since.
LATEST NEWS (13th September, 2013)
PASADENA, Calif. -- NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft officially is the first human-made object to venture into interstellar space. The 36-year-old probe is about 12 billion miles (19 billion kilometers) from our sun. New and unexpected data indicate Voyager 1 has been traveling for about one year through plasma, or ionized gas, present in the space between stars. Voyager is in a transitional region immediately outside the solar bubble, where some effects from our sun are still evident. A report on the analysis of this new data, an effort led by Don Gurnett and the plasma wave science team at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, is published in Thursday's edition of the journal Science. "Now that we have new, key data, we believe this is mankind's historic leap into interstellar space," said Ed Stone, Voyager project scientist based at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. "The Voyager team needed time to analyze those observations and make sense of them. But we can now answer the question we've all been asking -- 'Are we there yet?' Yes, we are." Voyager 1 first detected the increased pressure of interstellar space on the heliosphere, the bubble of charged particles surrounding the sun that reaches far beyond the outer planets, in 2004. Scientists then ramped up their search for evidence of the spacecraft's interstellar arrival, knowing the data analysis and interpretation could take months or years. Voyager 1 does not have a working plasma sensor, so scientists needed a different way to measure the spacecraft's plasma environment to make a definitive determination of its location. A coronal mass ejection, or a massive burst of solar wind and magnetic fields, that erupted from the sun in March 2012 provided scientists the data they needed. When this unexpected gift from the sun eventually arrived at Voyager 1's location 13 months later, in April 2013, the plasma around the spacecraft began to vibrate like a violin string. On April 9, Voyager 1's plasma wave instrument detected the movement. The pitch of the oscillations helped scientists determine the density of the plasma. The particular oscillations meant the spacecraft was bathed in plasma more than 40 times denser than what they had encountered in the outer layer of the heliosphere. Density of this sort is to be expected in interstellar space. The plasma wave science team reviewed its data and found an earlier, fainter set of oscillations in October and November 2012. Through extrapolation of measured plasma densities from both events, the team determined Voyager 1 first entered interstellar space in August 2012. The new plasma data suggested a timeframe consistent with abrupt, durable changes in the density of energetic particles that were first detected on Aug. 25, 2012. The Voyager team generally accepts this date as the date of interstellar arrival. The charged particle and plasma changes were what would have been expected during a crossing of the heliopause. Voyager mission controllers still talk to or receive data from Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 every day, though the emitted signals are currently very dim, at about 23 watts -- the power of a refrigerator light bulb. By the time the signals get to Earth, they are a fraction of a billion-billionth of a watt. Data from Voyager 1's instruments are transmitted to Earth typically at 160 bits per second, and captured by 34- and 70-meter NASA Deep Space Network stations. Traveling at the speed of light, a signal from Voyager 1 takes about 17 hours to travel to Earth. After the data are transmitted to JPL and processed by the science teams, Voyager data are made publicly available. Scientists do not know when Voyager 1 will reach the undisturbed part of interstellar space where there is no influence from our sun. They also are not certain when Voyager 2 is expected to cross into interstellar space, but they believe it is not very far behind. The cost of the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 missions -- including launch, mission operations and the spacecraft's nuclear batteries, which were provided by the Department of Energy -- is about $988 million through September.
LATEST NEWS (7th July, 2014)
Voyager 1 has experienced a new "tsunami wave" from the sun as it sails through interstellar space. Such waves are what led scientists to the conclusion, in the fall of 2013, that Voyager had indeed left our sun's bubble, entering a new frontier. "Normally, interstellar space is like a quiet lake," said Ed Stone of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California, the mission's project scientist since 1972. "But when our sun has a burst, it sends a shock wave outward that reaches Voyager about a year later. The wave causes the plasma surrounding the spacecraft to sing." Data from this newest tsunami wave generated by our sun confirm that Voyager is in interstellar space -- a region between the stars filled with a thin soup of charged particles, also known as plasma. The mission has not left the solar system -- it has yet to reach a final halo of comets surrounding our sun -- but it broke through the wind-blown bubble, or heliosphere, encasing our sun.
Our sun goes through periods of increased activity, where it explosively ejects material from its surface, flinging it outward. These events, called coronal mass ejections, generate shock, or pressure, waves. Three such waves have reached Voyager 1 since it entered interstellar space in 2012. The first was too small to be noticed when it occurred and was only discovered later, but the second was clearly registered by the spacecraft's cosmic ray instrument in March of 2013. Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles that come from nearby stars in the Milky Way galaxy. The sun's shock waves push these particles around and data from the cosmic ray instrument tell researchers that a shock wave from the sun has hit. Meanwhile, another instrument on Voyager registers the shock waves, too. The plasma wave instrument can detect oscillations of the plasma electrons. "The tsunami wave rings the plasma like a bell," said Stone. "While the plasma wave instrument lets us measure the frequency of this ringing, the cosmic ray instrument reveals what struck the bell -- the shock wave from the sun." This ringing of the plasma bell is what led to the key evidence showing Voyager had entered interstellar space. Because denser plasma oscillates faster, the team was able to figure out the density of the plasma. In 2013, thanks to the second tsunami wave, the team acquired evidence that Voyager had been flying for more than a year through plasma that was 40 times denser than measured before -- a telltale indicator of interstellar space. Why is it denser out there? The sun's winds blow a bubble around it, pushing out against denser matter from other stars.
Now, the team has new readings from a third wave from the sun, first registered in March of this year. These data show that the density of the plasma is similar to what was measured previously, confirming the spacecraft is in interstellar space. Thanks to our sun's rumblings, Voyager has the opportunity to listen to the singing of interstellar space -- an otherwise silent place. Voyager 1 and its twin, Voyager 2, were launched 16 days apart in 1977. Both spacecraft flew by Jupiter and Saturn. Voyager 2 also flew by Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 2, launched before Voyager 1, is the longest continuously operated spacecraft and is expected to enter interstellar space in a few years.
LATEST NEWS (30th October, 2015)
Observations from Voyager 1 after it left the heliosphere were puzzling with regard to the magnetic field around it, as they differed from what scientists derived from observations by other spacecraft. A new study offers fresh insights into this mystery. Writing in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, Nathan Schwadron of the University of New Hampshire, Durham, and colleagues reanalyzed magnetic field data from Voyager 1 and found that the direction of the magnetic field has been slowly turning ever since the spacecraft crossed into interstellar space. They believe this is an effect of the nearby boundary of the solar wind. "This study provides very strong evidence that Voyager 1 is in a region where the magnetic field is being deflected by the solar wind," said Schwadron, lead author of the study. Researchers predict that in 10 years Voyager 1 will reach a more "pristine" region of the interstellar medium where the solar wind does not significantly influence the magnetic field. Observations from Voyager's instruments have found that the particle density is 40 times greater outside this boundary than inside, confirming that it had indeed left the heliosphere. But so far, Voyager 1's observation of the direction of the local interstellar magnetic field is more than 40 degrees off from what other spacecraft have determined. The new study suggests this discrepancy exists because Voyager 1 is in a more distorted magnetic field just outside the heliopause, which is the boundary between the solar wind and the interstellar medium. "If you think of the magnetic field as a rubber band stretched around a beach ball, that band is being deflected around the heliopause," Schwadron said. In 2009, NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) discovered a "ribbon" of energetic neutral atoms that is thought to hold clues to the direction of the pristine interstellar magnetic field. The so-called "IBEX ribbon," which forms a circular arc in the sky, remains mysterious, but scientists believe it is produced by a flow of neutral hydrogen atoms from the solar wind that were re-ionized in nearby interstellar space and then picked up electrons to become neutral again. The new study uses multiple data sets to confirm that the magnetic field direction at the center of the IBEX ribbon is the same direction as the magnetic field in the pristine interstellar medium. Observations from the NASA/ESA Ulysses and SOHO spacecraft also support the new findings. Over time, the study suggests, at increasing distances from the heliosphere, the magnetic field will be oriented more and more toward "true north," as defined by the IBEX ribbon. By 2025, if the field around Voyager 1 continues to steadily turn, Voyager 1 will observe the same magnetic field direction as IBEX. That would signal Voyager 1's arrival in a less distorted region of the interstellar medium. "It's an interesting way to look at the data. It gives a prediction of how long we'll have to go before Voyager 1 is in the medium that's no longer strongly perturbed," said Ed Stone, Voyager project scientist, based at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, who was not involved in this study. While Voyager 1 will continue delivering insights about interstellar space, its twin probe Voyager 2 is also expected to cross into the interstellar medium within the next few years. Voyager 2 will make additional observations of the magnetic field in interstellar space and help scientists refine their estimates.


Today, in our review of the Chinese fired, anti-crisis budget phone with price smartphone Blackview BV2000 under the operating system Android.
Overview Blackview BV2000
Display smartphone is quite large and contrast five inches with a resolution of 720p IPS. Processor 64-bit MT6735 quad with video accelerator Mali-T720 GPU. RAM is very small, Total 1GB. The internal memory all 8GB with the possibility of extension. Camera standard for a smartphone Two, 5 megapixels the basic two-megapixel camera and a front for the self. The battery is weak all 2400mAh. Out of the box the smartphone is equipped with Android 5.0 Lollipop, which powers most devices on the market today.
Where to buy Blackview BV2000 and the price
Price on this unit starts at $ 60. This is one of the cheapest Android smartphones with acceptable technical component. Find and acquire Blackview BV2000, and Case, headphones or other accessories the device can be here.


The increasing complexity and decreasing size of today’s electronics necessitated a new method of assembling electronics components. While PCB Assembly is necessary for products where durability is key, for multi-functional designs that require a smaller, lighter footprint, surface mount assembly is the answer.
Juscom only works with IATF 16949 certified SMT assembly partners who consult with our clients on design to implementation, ensuring the product meets exacting specifications.
SMT assembly makes better use of space by soldering components onto the circuit board. The process is faster, less expensive, and easier to scale up or down depending on volume needs.
As a highly-automated, machine-centric process, SMT assembly results in fewer defects and variations.
With lines running 24/7/365, we can shift jobs according to our partners’ availability, enabling our customers to adjust volume as needed.
While it isn’t appropriate for every product, SMT assembly is fast, reliable, and scalable. These are all factors that reduce labor costs.
It is much easier to source components for designs utilizing SMT assembly.


Quick summary of steps to setup your own Video Art Wall
These instructions expect you to setup the Raspberry Pi with a full screen, keyboard and mouse. Once the software is setup, only the mouse is needed and the screen can be changed to a larger or wall mounted screen.
Note: This was setup for Raspbeery Pi 3 in 2019 and so does not full match current (2022) Rasp 4 or related Raspberry OS updates.
Contact us if you want recent updates
The setup and final installation uses a HTMI video screen, a computer monitor or low priced TV screen can be used.
- Buy a Raspberry Pi kit and set it up running Raspbian, we like a complete kit sold by Canakit, since it has power supply, box, ram, and all cables.
- Setup an image display account at http://my.welovemuseums.com/members
- Get the account code from http://my.welovemuseums.com/home/links
- Update the raspberry PI OS and install the needed modules:
apt-get install python-tk
apt-get install python-pil
apt-get install python-pil.imagetk
apt-get install sqlite3
- Get the DEB file and install it on the Rasp PI:
- Install DEB file using dpkg -i wlm-home-raspi-0.0.deb
- Edit /home/pi/wlm-home/wlm.cfg and replace ‘demo’ with your account number
Once done your system is setup:
- First, get the latest images selected on your wlm account (we are working on automating the update process).
Using this approach allows the Art wall to operate without any network connection once initialized. The connection is only needed when new images are selected.
- Click the Wlm@home icon to start the image display. The first image can take 15-20 secs to display and often is not sized right first time around. The images will cycle once all are shown


The Samsung SHT-3005XB video intercom system allows you to answer your door from a distance, adding both convenience and security to your home or business. A touchpad controlled monitor connects to a door camera, giving an image of your visitor and a direct line to speak with them. With optional expansion cameras and handset units wired into the system (available separately) you have the ability to create a door camera and video intercom system to cover your entire home or business. In addition to the convenience of being able to see visitors, the SHT-3005XB allows you to capture images from the door camera.
5" color TFT-LCD screen Expandable up to 4 monitors and 3 door cameras Intercom features between video monitors Convenient touch pad control : first video door phone with sensitive blue icons Brightness and volume controls with OSD menu Plastic household camera included (SHT-CP610)


Integrating GIS and business data for better decision making.
PenBay Technology Group provides GIS services using Esri GIS software to turn vast amounts of geographical data into meaningful visual summaries that can assist in decision making and analysis. Visualizations include web portals, dashboards, and interactive GIS mapping applications.
We have experience developing overall GIS strategy and roadmaps and ensuring successful implementation of enterprise GIS infrastructure and programs.
PenBay Technology Group provides hands-on GIS analysis, application development, and data processing.
PenBay Technology Group has over fifteen years of broad experience in the design, development, and implementation of geospatial and information technology systems. We have successfully provided GIS systems architecture design and implementation to meet the unique needs of organizations such as the Department of Veterans Affairs, U.S. Air Force, and Environmental Protection Agency.
- CLIENTS INCLUDE:
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- Environmental Protection Agency
- U.S. Air Force
- WE OFFER:
- GIS implementation strategy
- Advanced spatial and geographic analysis
- GIS systems engineering and infrastructure
- GIS application and database development
- GIS web portals and dashboards
- Systems integration
- GIS data collection and management
- GIS spatial and network analysis
- GIS data geoprocessing and conversion
- User training and support
- Data integration


“Alexa, why is it so hot in here?”
“Because the Nest is a moron and didn’t send a signal to the AC.”
“Thanks, Alexa! You’re the best, but it’s time to fire Nest.”
Okay, that’s not how it went down, but after a month of catching the Nest at not starting the AC, the wife got hot under the collar and it had to go. Here’s the details for those who care about such things.
At random times, we’d notice it was hotter in the room than our comfortable 70 degrees. Especially at night, when waking up in a pool of our own sweat not induced by gymnastics or haunting dreams meant the AC wasn’t running. I could set the Nest to Off and then Cool again and it would start a timer before activating the AC. That worked most of the time.
I contacted Nest via chat and they looked at voltage numbers and my wiring and saw I had a 4-wire system. That meant only 4 wires ran from the air handler in the attic to the thermostat. That’s a wire for power, fan, AC and heating. Nest is very proud of their patent that enables trickle charging their thermostat off the line while the AC is running. The problem is that shaves off a few volts that the AC might need to start. Nest offered to send a tech out from a local AC company to run a fifth wire for free. That’s very nice, because that wire and labor isn’t free.
The AC tech called to come over that evening rather than the scheduled appointment. On arrival, he thinks the 4 wire is fine, but the base is bad. He also trimmed the wires because they were longer than they needed to be. He called Nest, gets put on hold forever and eventually gives up, and says he’ll be back for the appointment. Then the case is closed as completed.
Turns out, the internet has known about the 4-wire concern for sometime. One AC guy even made a video, that says your fan will automatically turn on with the AC, so move the wire intended for fan to the Common wire position (the fifth wire) in the attic and at the base of the thermostat and it’ll be fine. That didn’t work on my Trane. Outside, the AC came on, the fan did not.
The wire wanted to fire the Nest since the get go, so the day after the case was closed, I swapped it out for a dumb thermostat. Which I had to make an extension jumper for because the AC guy trimmed them so one of them wouldn't reach. Never shorten the wires for a thermostat, who knows what the next model will need and it’s not simple to get more.
Where are we now?
I’ve got a Nest sitting in a pile in my office. I have no idea if the base is bad or I just need a fifth wire run. And I have to mess with the dumb thermostat twice a day to shift from night to day mode. But the wife is happy.


Humatics Wants to Revolutionize Automation
The microlocation company discusses its recent acquisition of 5D Robotics and Time Domain as well as its plans to improve industrial AI, smart cities, and autonomous vehicles. Humatics’ goal is to revolutionize how people and machines locate, navigate, and collaborate.
People and businesses increasingly rely on navigation, mapping, and location — for everything from hailing a ride to constructing buildings. But GPS technology still only provides precision down to the size of a house or half a city block in some cases. And it doesn’t work indoors. Moreover, nearly all human and robotic work happens within an area much smaller than that, where GPS does not provide the accuracy needed.
Humatics is changing that reality by creating a world where the spaces we occupy every day — offices, parking garages, complex built environments — have precise, secure positioning widely available. Their microlocation precision enables machines to accomodate people, rather than the other way around.
Humatics, a company in the Alumni Ventures Group (AVG) investment portfolio, is constantly innovating. So we caught up with company representatives about their recent acquisition of 5D Robotics and Time Domain and learned how it has prepared them for the future in automation.
How did the acquisition come about?
We have known the teams at Time Domain and 5D for many years and admired their work. They clearly shared our vision of autonomous systems doing useful work in deep connection to the human world, and their technology is extremely compatible with our systems, making this an ideal pairing. We’re eagerly looking forward to working as one team to see where we can take our vision from here.
What is the larger vision with the acquisition?
We’re combining the best of two microlocation systems. Humatics already provides millimeter-scale positioning in industrial environments like factory work cells. Time Domain leads the world in accurate microlocation out to 500 meters of range (with a comprehensive patent portfolio). Together we’ll offer accuracy for myriad microlocation applications.
Humatics’ Spatial Intelligence Platform will provide microlocation positioning at everything below the GPS scale, indoors and out, in all weather and lighting environments. This sets Humatics in a position to leap from the factory floor into the world of mobility and smart cities.
What excites you most about the new markets?
The future uses of our technology in the areas of driverless vehicles and smart cities are vast. Imagine when a smart city can talk directly to a driverless car’s control system in the precise digital language it understands. With Humatics microlocation, driverless cars can find their way with centimeter precision regardless of snow, ice, dust on the sensors or bad cell phone data. They can rely on a secure, ground-based backup to GPS, which is notoriously unreliable in urban environments.
A huge new variety of autonomous vehicles — from drones to air taxis — can navigate human environments like cities, factories, and construction sites. And they are capable of far more than collision avoidance — they can do useful work reliably and on a big scale. It’s easy to see why we’re excited about our future direction.
Alumni Ventures Group (AVG) is a different type of venture capital firm for individual investors who previously haven’t had access to high-quality, diversified venture portfolios. Learn more at www.AVGFunds.com.


Putting intelligent computing towards good use, Microsoft A.I. is not so scary after all.
While consumers are still struggling to see the daily realities of artificial intelligence (A.I.) Microsoft is pushing ahead with the technology for other, more philanthropic uses. Today, Microsoft is announcing a new five-year $40 million-dollar initiative using A.I. to assist with "humanitarian crises caused by natural and man-made disasters, oppression and other emergencies."
The project is called AI for Humanitarian Action and it will "harness the power of AI to focus on four priorities – helping the world recover from disasters, addressing the needs of children, protecting refugees and displaced people, and promoting respect for human rights" according to a press release from Microsoft.
AI for Humanitarian Action is part of a more extensive $150 million-dollar five-year program called Microsoft's AI for Good, which includes the previously announced AI for Earth and AI for Accessibility initiatives.
Through a process, Microsoft works with select non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and humanitarian groups with allocations for "financial grants, technology investments and partnerships that combine our AI and data science know-how with these groups' core expertise."
While all of this may sound a bit squishy without firm examples, Microsoft did present an outline for four significant areas they seek to leverage A.I. solutions for humanitarian issues, including:


From 2011 - 2015, the CARVE mission flew Flights in the Alaskan Arctic, collecting detailed measurements of greenhouse gases.
CARVE is using the Arctic-proven C-23 Sherpa aircraft to fly an innovative airborne remote sensing payload. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's (GSFC) Wallops Flight Facility (WFF) Aircraft Office operates the NASA C-23 Sherpa research aircraft available to support airborne science research. The C-23 is used to perform scientific research, provide logistics support on an as-needed basis to other airborne science missions, and can be used as a technology test bed for new airborne and satellite instrumentation. This aircraft is also available to support range surveillance and recovery operations as needed. The C-23 is a self-sufficient aircraft that can operate from short field civilian and military airports to remote areas of the world in support of scientific studies and other operations. The C-23 is a two-engine turboprop aircraft designed to operate efficiently, under the most arduous conditions, in a wide range of mission configurations. The large square-section cargo hold, with excellent access at both ends (4 side fuselage doors and aft cargo ramp), and a 7000-pound payload, offers ready flexibility to perform a variety of missions. The aircraft also has 22 cabin windows as well as a nose cargo area available for installations.
The Picarro CO2/CH4 Flight Analyzer is a real time, trace gas monitor capable of measuring these gases with parts-per-billion (ppbv) sensitivity onboard aircraft with varying cabin pressure and environmental conditions. The analyzer is based on Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS), a time-based measurement utilizing a near-infrared laser to measure a spectral signature of the molecule. Gas is circulated in an optical measurement cavity with an effective path length of up to 20 kilometers. A patented, high-precision wavelength monitor makes certain that only the spectral feature of interest is being monitored, greatly reducing the analyzer's sensitivity to interfering gas species, and enabling ultra-trace gas concentration measurements even if there are other gases present. As a result, the analyzer maintains high linearity, precision, and accuracy over changing environmental conditions with minimal calibration required.
Passive Active L- and S-band Sensor
is a combined polarimetric radiometer and NASA licensed radar sharing a rotating planar array antenna. The
PALS instrument includes a combined L-band radiometer and scatterometer , operating at 1.413 GHz and 1.26
GHz respectively. It was designed and built to investigate the benefits of combining passive and active
microwave sensors for Ocean salinity and Soil moisture remote sensing. It is the prototype for the Aquarius
and SMAP missions and its' flexible design is compatible with many aircraft.
PALS has flown on the NCAR C-130, NASA's P-3 and Twin Otter International's, Twin Otter. It is a very mature instrument, and has flown more than 800 hours, in support of NASA campaigns.
Fourier Transform Spectrometer
The CARVE FTS consists of three near-IR channels with spectral ranges of 12,920-13,180 cm-¹ (Band
1), 5,820-6,380 cm-¹ (Band 2), and 4,200-4,322 cm-¹ (Band 3). Each band has a spectral
resolution of 0.2 cm-¹. The instrument can be operated in polarization mode, where each band records
the S- and P-polarization components separately, or un-polarized. During 2012, the first year of operations,
the FTS observed in polarization mode. In 2013, prompted by the challenging observation conditions in the
Alaskan Arctic, the instrument configuration was changed to un-polarized in order to improve signal-to-noise
The FTS Level 2 products are derived from all three bands: Band 1 provides the O2 observations that are used in the computation of dry-air columns, as well as fluorescence (not part of the current release); Band 2 is used for retrievals of CO2, CH4, and H2O; and Band 3 is used for observations of CO, as well as a second set of products for CO2 and CH4.
Digital Air Data System (DADS)
DADS provides the location and orientation of aircraft.


Newest attacks and different types of latest hacks have been observed in 2016 and before. Such attacks results in a significant growth for security market that was $76 billion in 2015 and is expected to be more than $100 billion in 2019.
These hacks and attacks stay opportunity for numerous products and solutions to flood into the market regarding securing the networks to avoid these occurrences. Managed security services Oman, Dubai, America and around the world are focusing on the same purpose.
Conversations, opportunities and challenges regarding enterprise security are expected to continue increasingly the years onward. Here we are going to present what are important for organizations to look for to ensure controlled network security for 2017 and onward.
It is predicted that around 1 million new devices are going to be online each hour by 2020 which is an exponential increase in applications and devices. In this regard, the threat surface area for organizations has been expanded far more than traditional means.
For reducing complexity and risks, all of the security must need to be embedded into the software and hardware solutions along with flexible options for deployment that must work accurately with each other for providing multi-layer protection around the enterprise.
Improved Visibility Need:
Digital organizations have experienced large amount of growth in the past few years. As a result of this growth, around 76% of professionals belong to IT industry are saying that the biggest challenge to them in network threat addressing is the lack of visibility.
Every time, it is crucial to observe the network to identify what is going on across the whole of applications, devices and users. For extending the visibility around the enterprise, security and network teams need to work closely to control the network infrastructure.
Emphasis on Analytics:
SANS institute recently perform a survey which is showing that organizations are currently using analytics as part of the security strategy they are having. The type and amount of information one is having is critical to lower down the detection time.
In past, sampling data might have helped in reacting and identifying threats. However, looking for proactive intelligent ways and contextual awareness for deep insights and data gathering that lead to accurate detection of user behaviour and anomalous network across the whole network is important.
Movement towards Cloud:
Cloud-administered and delivered security solutions are currently too much popular as well. Speed and ease of deployment are been offered by cloud-based solutions along with consistent and simple administration for providing an initial layer of defense.
The Final Word:
Security solutions are currently focusing on high end secure infrastructure to protect networks from every possible security threat. Enterprise owners need to improve their IT staff expertise and switch to latest security standards like managed security services Oman to prevent the whole network and avoid security breaches.


Author: Alexander S. White
Publisher: White Knight Press
Release Date: 2015-06-22
This book, by Alexander S. White, is a complete, clearly written guide to the operation of the Nikon Coolpix P900 digital camera. The book explains all shooting modes, menus, functions, and controls of this superzoom camera, accompanied by more than 350 full-color illustrations and sample photographs. The guide shows beginning and intermediate photographers how to use the camera’s many options to get the results they want. The book explains topics such as autofocus, manual focus, HDR (High Dynamic Range) photography, ISO, memory cards, and flash modes. It includes a discussion of techniques for using the P900’s phenomenal zoom lens, with a maximum optical focal length of 2000mm, to full advantage. The book also discusses the camera’s features for image transfer and remote control through the P900’s built-in Wi-Fi network, as well as its features for adding location data to images. The book includes sample images taken with the creative settings of the camera, including the Picture Control options, which alter the color processing of images; the Scene and Special Effects shooting modes, with settings optimized for subjects such as landscapes, birds, pets, sunsets, and action shots; and the camera’s features for burst shooting and time-lapse photography. In addition, the book provides introductions to topics such as infrared photography, street photography, and macro photography. The book also explains the video features of the P900, which can shoot HD video with stereo sound and can record high-speed video at rates up to 4 times normal speed. In addition, the book describes procedures for playing back images and videos in the camera and for using the Filter Effects option to add special effects to images after they have been captured. In three appendices, the book discusses accessories for the Coolpix P900, including cases, external flash units, and charging and power options. The appendices include a list of useful web sites and other resources, as well as a section with “quick tips” to help users take advantage of the camera’s features in the most efficient ways possible.
Since its inception in the early 1900’s, the Nikon Corporation has made tremendous strides in becoming a pioneer of modern and trendy photography and imaging products. They have been lauded for the creation of some of the most innovative pieces of photographic technology in today’s market. Among their latest creation is the new Nikon Coolpix B700 camera, released in early 2016. The Nikon Coolpix B700 is among the new super-zoom cameras currently on the market. Reviews to date applaud its precise range and ability to capture sharp images. The device is outfitted with a 20.2-megapixel BSI CMOS sensor, Optical Zoom lens with 60 times range capabilities and 24-1440 millimeters focal length, UHD 4k video recording, in-camera image editing modes and a fully articulated 3-inch LCD screen with 9.2k dots of resolution.
Author: Bill Stonehem
Publisher: First Rank Publishing
Release Date: 2016-06-08
Since being established in the early 1900’s, Nikon Corporation has received accolades for its creation of some of the most innovative and trendy pieces of photographic equipment available in today’s market. The company has continued to make these tremendous strides with the release of the new Nikon B500 camera. The Nikon Coolpix B500 was announced to the public in February of 2016 alongside the Coolpix B700 and the A900 cameras. The Coolpix B500 boasts a number of novel features that include a sixteen megapixel BSI CMOS sensor, optical zoom glass lens that are able to zoom between 40 and 80 times to capture objects regardless of distance, Hybrid VR to minimize camera shake and a 920,000 dot 3 inch tilting LCD screen. Unique to the Coolpix B500 is its power source. The device is among the few digital cameras of its class to be powered by AA batteries. The device is also able to record movies in full HD with pixels of up to 1080.
The new Nikon Coolpix B500 camera was released from the Nikon Corporation in February of 2016 along with the Coolpix B700 and A900 cameras. It has been updated with new features such a sixteen megapixel BSI CMOS sensor, hybrid VR designed to lessen the effects of camera shake, a new optical zoom lens that has the ability to zoom X 40 - X 80 in order to capture an object. It is powered by double A batteries and has the ability to record movies in full HD with pixels up to 1080. Nikon Snapbridge is featured on the Coolpix B500 which enables users to connect to wireless internet. In addition, Face detection, LIVE view shooting, ISO sensitivity, Optical image stabilization and continuous shooting are also upgraded features found on the Coolpix B500 camera. The camera boasts a 6.9 metre flash as well as NFC connectivity and built- in sensor.
Indispensable tricks and techniques for great photos in any situation Free yourself from Auto mode!Revealing insider secrets and easy-to-learn techniques for stunning photos, this book teaches you how to take beautiful, professional-quality images anywhere with DSLR or mirrorless cameras. Focus & Filter, a must-have guide by award-winning photographer Andrew Darlow, features 50 techniques, 50 Pro Assignments and more than 250 color photographs that show you how to capture: •CANDID AND FORMAL PORTRAITS •SAFARI QUALITY ANIMAL PICTURES •SPECTACULAR NIGHTTIME CITYSCAPES •BREATHTAKING FIREWORKS PHOTOS •DRAMATIC HIGH-SPEED MOTION •MOUTHWATERING FOOD PHOTOS •GLARE-FREE SHOTS THROUGH GLASS Whether you are advancing a hobby or a career in photography, Focus & Filter includes all the technical advice you need to hone your skills, from choosing your equipment and setting up your studio to mastering camera settings, working in the field, and building rapport with your models.


This advanced technology solar powered wireless security camera system offers a wide range of camera options including thermal radar systems. Each Solar Surveillance system is quick to set up and is fully equipped to withstand even the harshest elements. These units are connected to our central surveillance center through a wireless transmitter and our monitoring center is immediately made aware of any activity on your property. We continue to monitor the situation until the intruders have left the property or if needed, notify the local authorities to take action. Our system can save companies time and money, by eliminating other non-effective security measures.
CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS
- Theft and vandalism normally occur at night or on weekends, and almost always when the job site is closed.
- On-site security guard services can be helpful, but are limited in what they can see, leaving many opportunities for unseen intrusions. On-site guard services are very expensive.
- EyeMax Security’s monitoring service combines the best of both Security Guards and security video surveillance cameras to stop theft and vandalism BEFORE it occurs.
- Intruders are immediately recognized by our cameras and advanced surveillance systems. Our Security Guards then monitor from our surveillance center, the intruders in real time and take action appropriate to the situation.
- For unlit areas and job sites, thermal cameras can detect intruders in total darkness.
- The unit is self contained with communication and solar powered battery and does not need additional power to maintain it.
Turn-key Solar Powered Security Solutions
Today, companies are paying more attention to security and ensuring they have an adequate level of surveillance networks. For example, a solar-powered security camera system allows companies to install cameras in remote locations where a traditional wired power supply is impractical or not an option.
Powering security cameras in remote locations can be costly and challenging for contractors, but there are solutions. Solar power options help minimize the cost of building security and make the system more reliable overall. Solar power can power cameras, microwave and infrared sensors, SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), telemetry systems, and alarm functions cost-effectively and reliably.
Solar-powered security cameras use solar panels to harness sunlight and convert it into direct current. An inverter then converts the DC power into AC power, which is used to power the security cameras.
In many cases, solar power is cheaper than grid power, especially in remote locations where wired power transmission may be prohibitively expensive. In addition, in most cases, surveillance systems must operate day and night; reducing or eliminating grid power provides a high return on investment.
Making your security system independent of the power grid saves energy and makes the system more reliable overall. Power outages no longer affect your security, and our distributed power systems have a 5-day battery backup charge to keep everything running in bad weather.
“I never thought that I would be able to fully secure my remote site, but thanks to Eyemax’s solar surveillance solution, they have my site covered. It’s great to be able to go on my cell phone and look at the cameras at night or go back and look at previous videos. I would definitely recommend Eyemax to another company. – – Construction Manager, Houston, TX


The more and more I play around with KVM virtualization, the more I realize just how useful Linux bridging is. In the Linux bridging world, a bridge device simulates a multiport Ethernet switch. To connect to the switch, you create a tap device that simulates a port on that switch. Once you have bridging configured on your host, there are two prevalent ways of going about creating taps. The first method is through the openvpn program:
openvpn --mktun --dev tap0
Fri Apr 24 15:14:26 2009 TUN/TAP device tap0 opened Fri Apr 24 15:14:26 2009 Persist state set to: ON
This will create a tap device named tap0, which you can configure locally or assign to a virtual machine running on the host. The second way to create a tap is through tunctl:
tunctl -u root
Set ‘tap0’ persistent and owned by uid 0
This will also create a tap device named tap0, and will set the owner of the interface to root. Once a tap device is created, you can configure it just like any other Ethernet interface. Nice!


Please refer to the original paper written by Steve Branson, Catherine Wah, and other authors.
The authors present an interactive and hybrid method for object classification. They introduce a general framework for incorporating object recognition algorithms into the problem. Experimental results show that this new approach drives up recognition accuracy while reduces the amount of human interactions.
Rather than trying to solve object recognition entirely, the authors focus on minimizing the amount of human labor. So, this is a combining of the computer vision techs and the human efforts.
They present a framework that researchers can plug their existing algorithms into, thus drive up performance for real-life applications. Users need only answer YES/NO questions.


A wireless home security system is the new as well as latest thing to have in your home. Quickly taking over the traditional home security system, a wireless home security system takes the entire concept of a protected and also secure home to whole different degree. The peripherals that can be made use of in a wireless home security system are sophisticated and also more reputable than their older equivalents.
The keyword in all of this "wireless"; a wireless home security system implies that you can establish the majority of your peripherals without the inconvenience of cables or cords. A wireless home security system indicates that you can likewise establish your electronic cameras in every possible area of the area and not just at the edge of a ceiling. This gives more possibility for you to conceal the camera anywhere you desire. Obviously, the wireless home security system will certainly call for that the signal is not lost or blocked otherwise you will not have the ability to videotape anything that the electronic camera "sees". A wireless home security system will certainly assist you run your monitoring tasks in full stealth. If you know specifically where to put the cameras so that they are not revealed to intruders or intruders, it's definitely a plus. Wired security systems will just give away the places of electronic cameras once the cable televisions are found.
If you really feel that setting up video cameras is too intrusive, you might intend to have microphones mounted in your wireless home security system. This is not something as reliable as an electronic camera, recordings from a microphone can help in a wireless home security system. For instance, you can set up your microphones to make sure that they can journey an alarm when a noise reaches a certain quantity degree. This is especially helpful to utilize during the night to map unanticipated noises around your home. Once again, the wireless home security system will certainly provide you unlimited possibilities as to where you can put the microphones.
A basic wireless home security system normally consists of an alarm as well as possibly some activity discovery devices. This is the simplest, most cost-efficient wireless home security system that you can have established. All you will require is to have the activity detectors set up to make sure that they will trip an alarm in your house. It's even more reliable if you have a quiet alarm set up that the police will certainly have the ability to discover; the intruders themselves will not listen to the alarm. This is one of the far better choices from installing a wireless Alarm New England home security system.
A wireless home security system is definitely the very best alternative you have to secure your home, your valuables, as well as your family. It takes a lot much less time to mount because of the reality that it is wireless as well as a lot of the peripherals will work on batteries so you do not have to hook anything up to your neighborhood electrical energy. This implies that it functions regardless of whether there is electrical energy or not, gave that your mom terminal that controls whatever also services its own source of power. Are you still thinking of just how to secure your home? Take into consideration a wireless home security system to safeguard you 24/7.
A wireless home security system is the brand-new and most current thing to have in your home. Swiftly taking over the traditional home security system, a wireless home security system takes the whole principle of a protected and also safe home to entire various degree. The key phrase in all of this "wireless"; a wireless home security system means that you can establish up many of your peripherals without the inconvenience of cables or cables. If you feel that mounting cameras is as well invasive, you may want to have actually microphones installed in your wireless home security system. A wireless home security system is absolutely the ideal option you have to secure your home, your prized possessions, and your household.


Fortinet Support and Secure Networking Solutions
Our team of highly skilled professionals is well-versed in Fortinet products and solutions. Whether you need assistance with FortiGate firewalls, FortiSwitch switches, or FortiAP Wi-Fi access points, we have the expertise to handle all your Fortinet support requirements. We can help you optimize your Fortinet deployments, troubleshoot any issues, and ensure maximum performance and security for your network.
Switches and Routers:
We understand the critical role that switches and routers play in your network infrastructure. Our experienced technicians can assist you in selecting the right switches and routers for your specific needs, whether it’s for a small office or a large enterprise. We provide installation, configuration, and ongoing support to ensure seamless connectivity and efficient data routing within your network.
Protecting your business data and network from external threats is paramount in today’s digital landscape. Our firewall solutions are designed to safeguard your network against unauthorized access, malware, and other security risks. We offer comprehensive firewall support, including setup, configuration, monitoring, and maintenance, to keep your sensitive information secure.
Wi-Fi and Mesh Services:
In the age of mobility and connectivity, reliable and high-performing Wi-Fi is essential for productivity and customer satisfaction. Our Wi-Fi solutions are tailored to meet your specific requirements, whether it’s setting up a robust wireless network within your office premises or providing seamless connectivity for guests in a public venue. Additionally, we specialize in mesh networking, which allows for extended coverage and improved performance in large spaces or areas with challenging architectural layouts.


Computer Careers - Future Outlook
Computer careers are bound to continue soaring right along with advances in technology and consumer use of more and more computer programs and Internet sites. In fact, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, computer and information technology related occupations are expected to grow faster than the national average through 2014. However, the IT industry is competitive, and those who earn computer degrees have a much greater chance of securing one of the better computer careers. Learn more about computer programming carrers on: www.w3education.org
The increased demand for graduates with computer degrees is directly proportionate to the increased use of information technology in nearly every realm of life. For instance, almost every type business or organization--not to mention many individuals--now has a Web site, and most consumers expect to be able to access information and do business online. If that need is not met, they will go elsewhere. Most savvy business teams know this, and they know the importance of developing an appealing, streamlined Internet presence.
Graduates with computer degrees are the individuals called upon to make this happen--to create Web sites, smooth out e-commerce processes, organize customer and employee information, and much more. As the use of this incredibly efficient technology continues to grow, so should the number of computer and IT careers.
Investing time and money in computer and information technology degrees today can result in prime computer career opportunities tomorrow. Consider enrolling in courses that teach the cutting edge computer and IT skills so many businesses and individuals seek on their way to success, efficiency, and online exposure.


2018 Exhibition schedule
AnyCasting, awarded the Prime Minister Prize
Last June, LED & OLED EXPO 2017 was finished with a big success due to a lot of interest and attention nationwide. If you click on the link below, you can see a short video of AnyCasting which shot by Korea's industrial broadcasting company, Chom Dan TV in 2016. AnyCasting won the Prime Minister Prize in the category of excellent new technology development at the LED & OLED expo hosted by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, EXPOnU, Korea Association for Photonics I..
[Flashback] LED & OLED EXPO 2016_AnyCasting
Please check the related vedio from the link below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfCF1e8r1sM
[Flashback] LED & OLED EXPO 2014_AnyCasting
Please check the related vedio from the link below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nExdY_1tiEE