Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is the most popular video compression standard on the planet. Also referred to as H.264, the standard is used to record, compress, and distribute video content with resolutions up to and including 8K UHD.
With the AVC video stream, there are many benefits. Here's more about it and how it works with video encoders.
What is AVC?
The H.264/AVC standard, or codec, has been designed to provide high-quality video at much lower bit rates than earlier standards like MPEG-2, H.263, or MPEG-4 Part 2.
Bitrates are the units of information that must get processed for each video second. Because of its design flexibility, the standard works with various apps across different networks and systems, including Blu-ray, on-demand, and broadcast. In addition, end-points can offer different bitrates and resolutions.
What is H.264?
Two standards bodies developed H.264/AVC. The ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group called the standard "H.264," while the ISO/IEC JTC1 Moving Picture Experts Group, or MPEG, called it "Advanced Video Coding," or "AVC." However, H.264 and AVC both use the same technology interchangeably.
Various patents restrict H.264/AVC. To use the technologies for commercial use requires the payment of royalties. H.264 technology is free to use for end-users.
The Importance of Video Encoding
With video encoding, the size of RAW video data gets compressed, so it's easier to move from one location to another. Without compression, a RAW video file could easily surpass the size of one Blu-ray, making it nearly impossible to move across different formats. During this process, redundant visual information and details get removed, while mathematical calculations generate most of each video frame rather than recording every frame.
What is AVC Codec?
A codec is either a device or computer program designed to encode and decode a data stream or signal. It's the mechanism that compresses the video content and makes it available in various formats. At no part during the process is video quality compromised.
Who Uses AVC Video Streams?
As of October 2020, H.264/AVC remained the dominant codec. In a survey at the time, 91% of participants used it. The next nearest codec (see below), H.265, had less than half that number. AVC stream is used extensively by the most prominent internet sources, including Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Hulu, YouTube, Vimeo, and Apple's iTunes Store.
In addition, the AVC coding codec makes it possible to distribute and stream the same content across various streaming devices. These include laptops and desktop computers, smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and gaming consoles.
Where AVC Streaming is Heading
Eventually, H.264/AVC will get replaced as the preferred standard. However, that's probably not going to be H.265/MPEG-H Part 2, as some might have guessed.
The newer standard offers between 25% and 50% better data compression at the same level of video quality at the same bitrate. It also supports video resolutions up to 8K UHD.
Despite this, H.265 lacks far behind H.264/AVC in terms of usage. Increased patent protection is often cited as the primary reason for this. Because of this, the future might eventually be AV1, which has a royalty-free licensing model, making it ideal for open-source use.
Where to Start with AVC Video Streams
Through the Zype App Creator platform, your streaming video content is easily accessible across multiple platforms. You can quickly build, customize, and launch apps anywhere, thanks to the service. It allows you to bring your site, video library, or print publications to apps through the Apple App Store, Google Play, Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV, Android TV, Apple News, and more. Learn more about Zype.


This past September, Apple announced three new phones entering its smartphone lineup: the iPhone 8, the iPhone 8 Plus, and the iPhone X. Both iPhone 8 models were released shortly after the announcement, but the highly anticipated iPhone X was not available till the beginning of November.
What’s so special about the iPhone X?
The screen. The iPhone X features a beautiful, front-encompassing screen with a 5.8-inch OLED display, capable of reaching truer blacks, brighter tones, higher pixels per inch, and a higher contrast ratio than any previous LCD screen. However, Apple is a bit late on the OLED bandwagon: many Android phones already come with OLED screens, most notably the Samsung lineup.
In addition, the iPhone X includes Face ID, Apple’s new biometric lock that replaces Touch ID. A user simply looks at the phone to unlock it. I’ve had the opportunity to use Face ID, and it works perfectly every time, unlike Touch ID, which I’ve found to be quite glitchy at times. Apple states that the chances of fooling Face ID are 1 in 1,000,000, a significant jump in security compared to Touch ID (1 in 50,000). However, I was able to unlock my cousin’s iPhone X consistently, and his brother could as well. Therefore, I recommend that you disable Face ID if you have particularly mischievous siblings or cousins.
Perhaps the most infamous aspect of the iPhone X is its price. At $999 without tax, the iPhone X costs the same amount as a Macbook Air. If you’re hoping to get a new phone this holiday season, you may want to look at the following options if you don’t feel like dropping $999 on an iPhone X.
Note: If you currently own an iPhone 6s/6s Plus or iPhone 7/7 Plus, consider waiting before purchasing a new phone as the new iPhones do not provide too significant an upgrade.
If you’re looking to get the most of Apple’s premium features but are shy about the iPhone X’s price tag, the iPhone 8 Plus is a great alternative. The iPhone 8 takes the price drop down another $100, but at the expense of dual cameras and screen size. The last option for iPhone lovers that want to go for the most budget friendly option comes in the form of the iPhone SE. The iPhone SE reuses the design of the iPhone 5s while improving on its internal components such as its processor, storage, and camera. Depending on the carrier, the iPhone SE costs around $350, a significantly lower price compared to the rest of the iPhone lineup.
Thank you for reading, and best holiday wishes from all of us at The Tide!


The Amer AMRWC01 is an adjustable CPU holder that may be used to hold a computer chassis on the floor, desk or wall. The unit can be adjusted to accommodate computers with a thickness of 50mm to 200mm.
The ultimate in CPU mounting solutions, the Amer AMRWC01 is the answer to your CPU mounting challenges. All of the monitor mounting and workstation mounts available will be ineffective without an innovative CPU mount to compliment the truly ergonomic workspace. Wall or floor mount, the Amer AMRWC01 can maximize office space while increasing desk space.
Spec Sheet Download


I designed a de-orbit system for small satellites to address the growing space debris problem in the Low Earth Orbit regime. It is a passive deployable dragsail, to be triggered at the end of a satellite's mission. A prototype (NABEO), developed in collaboration with HPS GmbH, was launched on RocketLab's It's Business Time first commercial rocket. The next iteration, LOKI, is currently undergoing qualification, and will be tested onboard ERNST, a 12U nanosatellite, expected to launch in 2021. (Read More)
I developed a command line tool,
warpdrive for syncing and aligning audio recorded from multiple sources. The tool leverages the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) implementation found in the
librosa library. I used this tool while recording a demo album with four upcycled smarphones.
I developed a feature detection tool with Python OpenCV to analyze Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data of a low-emission, fuel flexible gas burner. The tool was used to detect different features of the flame brush in order to characterize a scaled version of the Low-Swirl Burner, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. See the source code here. (Read More)
I scaled and optimized the design of a low-emission, natural draft gas burner, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The burner (patent pending) can be used in small scale thermal power applications, such as residential appliances. See the report on design and development here. (Read More)
I designed, built and tested lightweight, low-cost heliostats for LightManufacturing Systems, a solar start-up on the Central Coast of California. (Read More)
I built a slightly modified version of the Little Gem pocket amp to bring with me when I moved from California to Germany. I wanted something portable to use with headphones while I settled into a new home. The case is an old Altoid's container, to keep my riffs minty fresh. (Read More)
I co-developed a methodology for estimating U.S. manufacturing water use at various spatial and sectoral resolutions. I wrote the code to perform the data analysis using
pandas and used a combination of
plotly and custom plotting tools to create interactive visualizations. The results were published in Environmental Science and Technology, an American Chemical Society publication.


Chat Chat Documentation
What is this
This document contains information about Chat Chat, a platform for AI interactions aimed at facilitating conversations at a higher level using artificial intelligence. We provide quality service to our users and hope that they will provide quality feedback so that we can improve better.
Chat Chat is not a shell application, and it is FREE to use but requires an OpenAI API. Its goal is to improve user experience through various means by using AI to reconstruct user experience and generate responses using GPT, making interaction with AI easier. The platform plans to add more features in the future to collaborate with AI.
- Chat with AI
- Markdown support
- PWA support
- PDF reader
- Act as a character
- Help you coding
- Self config (Advanced)
- More are coming ...
How to use?
To use Chat Chat, one needs to have an OpenAI API Key, which can be obtained by registering on OpenAI, creating an API key, and entering the key in the settings on the Chat Chat website at chat.okis.dev.
The platform can be accessed on desktop devices by visiting chat.okis.dev.
The platform can be accessed on mobile devices by visiting chat.okis.dev. It also supports PWA installation, which can be done by clicking the three dots on the browser or saving a bookmark to the home screen. If unsure about how to install PWA, please refer to this article for more information.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us at Twitter or email.


52nd Doctoral Promotion
The Doctoral Study Program of Engineering Science (PSDIT) held its 52nd doctoral promotion session on Tuesday, 28th February 2023 at the Wiswakarma Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University. Promovendus Ir. Nur Widiyasono, S. Kom., M.Kom with a dissertation entitled Forensic Framework for The Internet of Things completed his studies within 5 years and received a very satisfactory predicate.
In his presentation, Dr. Ir. Nur Widiyasono, S. Kom., M.Kom described that The Advance Data Acquisitions For Internet of Things (ADA-IoT) is the result of the development of a forensics framework which has different sub-stages. More specifically, the Imaging process sub-stage and validation of digital data evidence which is one thing that must be done to maintain the integrity of digital data evidence so that it is feasible to be presented at trial. Besides, the ability of investigators in handling cases related to Internet of things services must be better and really understand about network systems and infrastructure considering the potential threats to the same as the previous network. A framework alone is not enough but it needs to be supported by applications that can assist the network forensics investigation process such as the PCAPs Analyzer Application and the File Signature Analyzer Application so that the investigation process is not carried out conventionally. a
As chairman of the session is Prof. Dewa Made Priyantha Wedagama, ST., MT., MSc., Ph.D., as the Coordinator of the Doctoral Study Program of Engineering Science (PSDIT) of the Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University. Promoter Prof. Ir. Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D., IPM. The co-promoters I and II are Prof. Dr. Ir. Made Sudarma, M.A.Sc., IPU., ASEAN.Eng. and Prof. Ir. Linawati, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D respectively. Acting as examiners are Prof. Ir. Rukmi Sari Hartati, M.T., Ph.D., Prof. I Wayan Widhiada, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D., Ir. Wayan Gede Ariastina, S.T., M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D. Dr. Ir. Ida Bagus Alit Swamardika, M.Erg., IPM., I Nyoman Satya Kumara, ST., MSc., Ph.D and Dr. Dewa Made Wiharta, ST., MT. Meanwhile, Dr. Ir. I Nyoman Setiawan, MT., Dr. Nyoman Gunantara, S.T., M.T., and Dr. Ir. Nurul Hiron, S.T., M.Eng., M.M., IPU., ASEAN Eng., CIAR (The University of Siliwangi, Tasikmalaya). act as academic invitees.
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING


POWERGRID Advanced Research & Technology Centre (PARTeC)
POWERGRID had been taking Research and Technological Development works in the transmission sector through its own establishments scattered all over the country and also in collaborative mode through manufacturers. Need was felt to undertake full scale R&D activities by synergizing the expertise of various verticals to meet the challenges and face technological advancement elsewhere in the world for optimal, efficient and economic utilization of transmission system. Such R&D efforts would benefit significantly to enhance the performance, availability, reliability and efficient operation of the transmission system.
In line with the above goal, POWERGRID established the prestigious Advanced Research and Technology Centre (PARTeC) in district Gurugram, an ancient mythological town meaning a place of learning. PARTeC was inaugurated by the Minister of State (Independent charge), Ministry of Power & Energy on 18th Sep 2018. PARTeC brochure (PDF)
PARTeC has been recognized as a Research & Test infrastructure facility by the International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN) for testing, simulation studies and research related works in Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and Smart Grid research infrastructure. Click here for details.
PARTeC follows Quality Management System and is ISO 9001:2015 certified.
Real Time Simulation Laboratory
- The largest Real Time Simulator (RTS) facility in India with 2340 Nodes (13 racks).
- Capacity up-gradation to 5220 Nodes (29 Racks) by 2021.
- The Real Time Simulator (RTS) allows system transients to be studied in great detail over a wide frequency bandwidth and user specific requirements.
- The current interface capability is upgraded to SMART simulation system with capability of simulating Sampled Values for Dynamic Testing of Process Bus Compliant IEDs.
- RTS lab has been integrated with the Protection Automation and Control Lab and Wide Area Measurement Lab. Wide area protection schemes (IEDs, PMUs, FACTS etc.) testing using Hardware-in-loop facility in the integrated lab.
- Study of Impact of faults on HVAC/ HVDC system using RTS.
- Dynamic Testing of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) using RTS.
- Power System Transient Studies through PSCAD, EMTP-Rv.
- Steady State studies though PSS-E, PSS-SINCAL.
- Study of Impact of PV system integration on protection system using RTS.
Protection Automation & Control Laboratory
State-of-the-art laboratory to carry out conformance testing of IEC 61580 devices as per latest standards and with additional capabilities
- Design and Engineering of Digital Substations.
- IEC 61850 Conformance related testing and Interoperability Studies.
- Parallel Redundancy Protocol /High-availability Seamless Redundancy Testing of IEDs.
- Cyber Security, vulnerability assessment and audit of IEC 61850 systems.
- Specialized hands on trainings on IEC 61850 standard and digital substation to protection engineers.
Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) Lab
Fast and Automated Calibration facility, which allows compliance testing of PMUs of various makes/model as per latest IEEE standard C37.118, IEEE Synchrophasor Measurement Test Suite Specification and Customized Test Cases.
Advanced Diagnostic Centre
- Comprises of Electrical/Electronics Diagnostics and Calibration Lab (EDC) & Field Measuring Instruments (FMI) lab.
- State-of-the-art instruments for field testing.
- Expert services for EHVAC/UHVAC equipment diagnosis and failure investigation.
- HVAC Electric & Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis services for Lines.
- Residual Life Assessment studies.
- Electro-Technical Calibration of field equipment viz. Capacitance-Tan δ kit, Winding resistance measuring kit, Insulation testers, Energy meters, Multi-meters, Clamp-on meters, Temperature sensors, pressure gauges etc.
- Diagnosis and minor repairs of Electronic/printed circuit boards.
Material Science Laboratory
- X-ray diffractometer facilitated with Texture cradle and large area detector for characterizing crystalline materials.
- Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) – Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy: A powerful analytical technique that combines the qualitative capabilities of Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the quantitative capabilities of Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy – Capable of Thermal Analysis of Materials up to 1000°C.
- Structure failure and material analysis, quality assurance, in-service performances, validation and testing of new and in-service materials.
- Analysis of Composition, Ageing Process, Desorption Behavior, Decomposition of materials.
- Residual Stress Analysis, Phase Analysis and Crystallographic texture analysis.


Tungsten light sources
The first electric headlamp light source was the tungsten filament, operating in a vacuum or inert-gas atmosphere inside the headlamp bulb or sealed beam. Compared to newer-technology light sources, tungsten filaments give off small amounts of light relative to the power they consume. Also, during normal operation of such lamps, tungsten boils off the surface of the filament and condenses on the bulb glass, blackening it. This reduces the light output of the filament and blocks some of the light that would pass through an unblackened bulb glass, though blackening was less of a problem in sealed beam units; their large interior surface area minimised the thickness of the tungsten accumulation. For these reasons, plain tungsten filaments are all but obsolete in automotive headlamp service.
Tungsten-halogen light sources
Halogen technology (also “quartz-halogen”, “quartz-iodine”, “iodine”, “iode”) makes tungsten filaments more efficacious producers of light — more lumens out per watt in — and Europeans chose to use this extra efficacy to provide drivers with more light than was available from nonhalogen filaments at the same power consumption. Unlike the European approach which emphasised increased light output, most U.S. low beam halogens were low current versions of their nonhalogen counterparts, producing the same amount of light with less power. A slight theoretical fuel economy benefit and reduced vehicle construction cost through reduced wire and switch ratings were the claimed benefits. There was an improvement in seeing distance with U.S. halogen high beams, which were permitted for the first time to produce 150,000 candelas (cd) per vehicle, double the nonhalogen limit of 75,000 cd but still well shy of the international European limit of 225,000 cd. After replaceable halogen bulbs were permitted in U.S. headlamps in 1983, development of U.S. bulbs continued to favour long bulb life and low power consumption, while European designs continued to prioritise optical precision and maximum output.
The first halogen bulb for vehicle use, the H1, was introduced in 1962 by a consortium of European bulb and headlamp makers. This bulb has a single axial filament that consumes 55 watts at 12.0 volts, and produces 1550 lumens ±15% when operated at 13.2 V. H2 (55 W @ 12.0 V, 1820 lm @ 13.2 V) followed in 1964, and the transverse-filament H3 (55 W @ 12.0 V, 1450 lm ±15%) in 1966. H1 still sees wide use in low beams, high beams and auxiliary foglamp and driving lamps, as does H3. The H2 does not see wide use any more because it requires an intricate bulb holder interface to the lamp, has a short life and is difficult to handle. For those reasons, H2 was withdrawn from ECE Regulation 37 for use in new lamp designs (though H2 bulbs are still manufactured for replacement purposes in existing lamps). The use of H1 and H3 bulbs was legalised in the United States in 1997. More recent single filament bulb designs include the H7 (55 W @ 12.0 V, 1500 lm ±10% @ 13.2 V), H8 (35 W @ 12.0 V, 800 lm ±15% @ 13.2 V), H9 (65 W @ 12.0 V, 2100 lm ±10% @ 13.2 V), and H11 (55 W @ 12.0 V, 1350 lm ±10% @ 13.2 V). 24-volt versions of many bulb types are available for use in trucks, buses, and other commercial and military vehicles.
The first dual-filament halogen bulb (to produce a low and a high beam with only one bulb), the H4, was released in 1971. The U.S. prohibited halogen headlamps until 1978, when halogen sealed beams were released. To this day, the H4 is still not legal for automotive use in the United States. Instead, the Americans created their own very similar standard (HB2/9003). The primary differences are that the HB2 sets more strict requirements on filament positioning, and that the HB2 are required to meet the lower maximum output standards set forth by the United States government.
The first U.S. halogen headlamp bulb, introduced in 1983, was the 9004/HB1. It is a 12.8-volt, transverse dual-filament design that produces 700 lumens on low beam and 1200 lumens on high beam. The 9004 is rated for 65 watts (high beam) and 45 watts (low beam) at 12.8 volts. Other U.S. approved halogen bulbs include the 9005/HB3 (65 W, 12.8 V), 9006/HB4 (55 W, 12.8 V), and 9007/HB5 (65/55 watts, 12.8 V).
Halogen infrared reflective light sources (HIR)
A further development of the tungsten-halogen bulb has a dichroic coating that passes visible light and reflects infrared radiation. The glass in such a bulb is spherical, rather than tubular. The reflected infrared radiation strikes the filament located at the centre of the sphere, heating the filament to a degree greater than occurs by passing an electric current through the filament. The filament thus superheated emits more light, without an increase in power consumption or a decrease in lifespan.
HID (xenon) light sources
Xenon projector low beam headlamp illuminated on a Lincoln MKS.
HID stands for high-intensity discharge, a technical term for the electric arc that produces the light. The high intensity of the arc comes from metallic salts that are vapourised within the arc chamber. These lamps are formally known as gas-discharge burners, and produce more light for a given level of power consumption than ordinary tungsten and tungsten-halogen bulbs. Because of the increased amounts of light available from HID burners relative to halogen bulbs, HID headlamps producing a given beam pattern can be made smaller than halogen headlamps producing a comparable beam pattern. Alternatively, the larger size can be retained, in which case the xenon headlamp can produce a more robust beam pattern.
Automotive HID lamps are commonly called ‘xenon headlamps’, though they are actually metal halide lamps that contain xenon gas. The xenon gas allows the lamps to produce minimally adequate light immediately upon powerup, and accelerates the lamps’ run-up time. If argon were used instead, as is commonly done in street lights and other stationary metal halide lamp applications, it would take several minutes for the lamps to reach their full output. The light from HID headlamps has a distinct bluish tint when compared with tungsten-filament headlamps.
Xenon headlamps were introduced in 1991 as an option on the BMW 7-series. This first system used an unshielded, non-replaceable burner designated D1 — a designation that would be recycled years later for a wholly different type of burner. The AC ballast was about the size of a building brick. The first American-made effort at HID headlamps was on the 1996-98 Lincoln Mark VIII, which used reflector headlamps with an unmasked, integral-ignitor burner made by Sylvania and designated Type 9500. This was the only system to operate on DC; reliability proved inferior to the AC systems. The Type 9500 system was not used on any other models, and was discontinued after Osram’s takeover of Sylvania. All HID headlamps worldwide presently use the standardised AC-operated bulbs and ballasts.
Burner and ballast operation
HID headlamp bulbs do not run on low-voltage DC current, so they require a ballast with either an internal or external ignitor. The ignitor is integrated into the bulb in D1 and D3 systems, and is either a separate unit or integral with the electronic ballast in D2 and D4 systems. The ballast controls the current to the bulb. The ignition and ballast operation proceeds in three stages:
- Ignition: a high voltage pulse is used to produce a spark — in a manner similar to a spark plug – which ionises the Xenon gas, creating a conducting tunnel between the tungsten electrodes. In this tunnel, the electrical resistance is reduced and current flows between the electrodes.
- Initial phase: the bulb is driven with controlled overload. Because the arc is operated at high power, the temperature in the capsule rises quickly. The metallic salts vapourise, and the arc is intensified and made spectrally more complete. The resistance between the electrodes also falls; the electronic ballast control gear registers this and automatically switches to continuous operation.
- Continuous operation: all metal salts are in the vapour phase, the arc has attained its stable shape, and the luminous efficacy has attained its nominal value. The ballast now supplies stable electrical power so the arc will not flicker.
Stable operating voltage is 85 volts AC in D1 and D2 systems, 42 volts AC in D3 and D4 systems. The frequency of the square-wave alternating current is typically 400 hertz or higher.
HID headlamp burners produce between 2,800 and 3,500 lumens from between 35 and 38 watts of electrical power, while halogen filament headlamp bulbs produce between 700 and 2,100 lumens from between 40 and 72 watts at 12.8 V.
Current-production burner categories are D1S, D1R, D2S, D2R, D3S, D3R, D4S, and D4R. The D stands for discharge, and the number is the type designator. The final letter describes the outer shield. The arc within an HID headlamp bulb generates considerable short-wave ultraviolet (UV) light, but none of it escapes the bulb, for a UV-absorbing hard glass shield is incorporated around the bulb’s arc tube. This is important to prevent degradation of UV-sensitive components and materials in headlamps, such as polycarbonate lenses and reflector hardcoats. “S” burners — D1S, D2S, D3S, and D4S — have a plain glass shield and are primarily used in projector-type optics. “R” burners — D1R, D2R, D3R, and D4R — are designed for use in reflector-type headlamp optics. They have an opaque mask covering specific portions of the shield, which facilitates the optical creation of the light/dark boundary (cutoff) near the top of a low-beam light distribution. Automotive HID burners do emit considerable near-UV light, despite the shield.
The correlated colour temperature of HID headlamp bulbs, at between 4100K and 4400K, is often described in marketing literature as being closer to the 6500K of sunlight compared with tungsten-halogen bulbs at 3000K to 3550K. Nevertheless, HID headlamps’ light output is not similar to daylight. The spectral power distribution (SPD) of an automotive HID headlamp is discontinuous, while the SPD of a filament lamp, like that of the sun, is a continuous curve. Moreover, the colour rendering index (CRI) of tungsten-halogen headlamps (≥0.98) is much closer than that of HID headlamps (~0.75) to standardised sunlight (1.00). Studies have shown no significant safety effect of this degree of CRI variation in headlighting.
The HID headlamp light sources (bulbs) offer substantially greater luminance and luminous flux than halogen bulbs — about 3000 lumens and 90 mcd/m2 versus 1400 lumens and 30 mcd/m2. If the higher-output HID light source is used in a well-engineered headlamp optic, the driver gets more usable light. Studies have demonstrated drivers react faster and more accurately to roadway obstacles with good HID headlamps rather than halogen ones. Hence, good HID headlamps contribute to driving safety. The contrary argument is that HID headlamps can negatively impact the vision of oncoming traffic due to their high intensity and “flashing” effect due to the rapid transition between low and high illumination in the field of illumination, thus increasing the risk of a head-on collision between the HID-enabled vehicle and a blinded oncoming driver.
Efficacy and output
HID burners give higher efficacy (produce more light from less power) than halogen bulbs. The highest-intensity halogen headlamp bulbs, H9 and HIR1, produce 2100 to 2530 lumens from approximately 70 watts at 13.2 volts. A D2S HID burner produces 3200 lumens from approximately 42 watts during stable operation. The reduced power consumption means less fuel consumption, with resultant less CO2 emission per vehicle fitted with HID lighting (1.3 g/km assuming that 30% of engine running time is with the lights on).
The average service life of an HID lamp is 2000 hours, compared to between 450 and 1000 hours for a halogen lamp.
Blind oncoming traffic
Due to their high intensity and unsual colour temperature, they can blind or enrage oncoming drivers, thus decreasing road safety and increasing the risk of head-on collisions.
Vehicles equipped with HID headlamps are required by ECE regulation 48 also to be equipped with headlamp lens cleaning systems and automatic beam levelling control. Both of these measures are intended to reduce the tendency for high-output headlamps to cause high levels of glare to other road users. In North America, ECE R48 does not apply and while lens cleaners and beam levellers are permitted, they are not required; HID headlamps are markedly less prevalent in the US, where they have produced significant glare complaints. Scientific study of headlamp glare has shown that for any given intensity level, the light from HID headlamps is 40% more glaring than the light from tungsten-halogen headlamps.
HID headlamp bulb types D1R, D1S, D2R, D2S and 9500 contain the toxic heavy metal mercury. The disposal of mercury-containing vehicle parts is increasingly regulated throughout the world, for example under US EPA regulations. Newer HID bulb designs D3R, D3S, D4R, and D4S which are in production since 2004 contain no mercury, but are not electrically or physically compatible with headlamps designed for previous bulb types.
Lack of backward-compatibility
The arc light source in an HID headlamp is fundamentally different in size, shape, orientation, and luminosity distribution compared to the filament light source used in tungsten-halogen headlamps. For that reason, HID-specific optics are used to collect and distribute the light. HID burners cannot effectively or safely be installed in optics designed to take filament bulbs; doing so results in improperly-focused beam patterns and excessive glare, and is therefore illegal in almost all countries.
HID headlamps are significantly more costly to produce, install, purchase, and repair. The extra cost of the HID lights may exceed the fuel cost savings through their reduced power consumption, though some of this cost disadvantage is offset by the longer lifespan of the HID burner relative to halogen bulbs.
LED light sources
The first series-production LED headlamps on the Lexus LS 600h
Automotive headlamp applications using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been undergoing very active development since 2004. The first series-production LED headlamps were factory-installed on the Lexus LS 600h / LS 600h L starting with the 2008 models. Low beam, front position light and sidemarker functions are performed by LEDs; high beam and turn signal functions use filament bulbs. The headlamp is supplied by Koito. Full-LED headlamps supplied by AL-Automotive Lighting were fitted on the 2008 V10 Audi R8 sports car except in North America. The Hella headlamps on the 2009 Cadillac Escalade Platinum became the first U.S. market all-LED headlamps. Present designs give performance between halogen and HID headlamps, with system power consumption slightly lower than other headlamps, longer lifespans and more flexible design possibilities. As LED technology continues to evolve, the performance of LED headlamps is predicted to improve to approach, meet, and perhaps one day surpass that of HID headlamps.
The limiting factors with LED headlamps presently include high system expense, regulatory delays and uncertainty, and logistical issues created by LED operating characteristics. LEDs are commonly considered to be low-heat devices due to the public’s familiarity with small, low-output LEDs used for electronic control panels and other applications requiring only modest amounts of light. However, LEDs actually produce a significant amount of heat per unit of light output. Rather than being emitted together with the light as is the case with conventional light sources, an LED’s heat is produced at the rear of the emitters. The cumulative heat of numerous high-output LEDs operating for prolonged periods poses thermal-management challenges for plastic headlamp housings.
Prolonged operation above the maximum junction temperature will permanently degrade the LEDs and ultimately shorten the device’s life. The need to keep LED junction temperatures low at high power levels always requires additional thermal management measures such as heatsinks and exhaust fans which are typically quite expensive.
Additional facets of the thermal issues with LED headlamps reveal themselves in cold ambient temperatures. Not only must heat be removed from the rear of the headlamp so that the housing does not deform or melt, but heat must in addition be effectively applied to thaw snow and ice from the front lenses, which are not heated by the comparatively small amount of infrared radiation emitted forward with the light from LEDs.
LEDs are increasingly being adopted for signal functions such as parking lamps, brake lamps and turn signals as well as daytime running lamps, as in those applications they offer significant advantages over filament bulbs with fewer engineering challenges than headlamps pose.
Headlamp. (2010, January 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:23, January 9, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Headlamp&oldid=336759396


Lynx 6 In 1 Titan Power Station
8ZED™ TITAN Multi-Function 6 in 1 is an amazing power kit, featuring a powerful jumpstarter, charger, air compressor, 12V DC and 120V AC power supply, plus cool LED lighting. In an emergency it is ideal as a portable remote power source to keep you out of trouble.
Buy online or at a store near you!
See full product description below.
1) Battery Capacity Pressure Digital Display
10) USB Power Port
11) Inverter 40 AMP Blade Fuse
12) Built-in 120V AC Charger Fold Out Prongs
13) 12V DC Power Port
14) Air Compressor On/Off
15) Charging Indicator
16) AC/DC Charging Jack
17) Battery Booster Cable & Clamps


What is white box testing?
White box testing and analysis, by contrast with “black box” testing and analysis, that are mainly performed on the source code. Also known as glass box, structural, clear box, and open box testing.
White box analysis and tests include:
It is known as “code review,” static analysis analyses source code before it is compiled, to detect coding errors, insecure coding constructs, and other indicators of security vulnerabilities or weaknesses that are detectable at the source code level. Static analyses can be manual or automated. In a manual analysis, the reviewer inspects the source code without the assistance of tools.
In an automated analysis, a tool (or tools) is used to scan the code to locate specific “problem” patterns (text strings) defined to it by the analyst via programming or configuration, which the tool then highlights or flags. This enables the reviewer to narrow the focus of his/her manual code inspection to those areas of the code in which the patterns highlighted or flagged in the scanner’s output appear.
Direct Code Analysis
Direct code analysis extends the static analysis by using tools that focus not on finding individual errors but on verifying the code’s overall conformance to a set of predefined properties, which can include security properties such as noninterference and separability, persistent_BNDC, non-inference, forward-correct ability, and non-deductibility of outputs.
The purpose of property-based testing is to establish formal validation results through testing. To validate that a program satisfies a property, the property must hold whenever the program is executed. Property-based testing assumes that the specified property captures everything of interest in the program and assumes that the completeness of testing can be measured structurally in terms of source code.
The testing only validates the specified property, using the property’s specification to guide the dynamic analysis of the program. Information derived from the specification determines which points in the program need to be tested and whether each test execution is correct.
A metric known as Iterative Contexts Coverage uses these test execution points to determine when testing is complete. Checking the correctness of each execution together with a description of all the relevant executions results in the validation of the program with respect to the property being tested, thus validating that the final product is free of any flaws specific to that property.
Source Code Fault Injection
A form of dynamic analysis in, which the source code is “instrumented” by inserting changes, then compiling and executing the instrumented code to observe the changes in state and behavior, which emerge when the instrumented portions of code are executed. In this way, the tester can determine and even quantify how the software reacts when it is forced into anomalous states, such as those triggered by intentional faults.
Moreover, This technique has proved particularly useful for detecting the incorrect use of pointers and arrays, and the presence of dangerous calls and race conditions. Fault injection is a complex testing process and thus tends to be limited to code that requires very high assurance.
Fault Propagation Analysis
This involves two techniques for fault injection of source code: extended propagation analysis and interface propagation analysis. The objective is not only to observe individual state changes that result from a given fault but to trace how those state changes propagate throughout a fault tree that has been generated from the program’s source code. Extended propagation analysis entails injecting a fault into the fault tree and then tracing how the fault propagates through the tree.
The tester then extrapolates outward to predict the impact a particular fault may have on the behavior of the software module or component, and ultimately the system, as a whole. In interface propagation analysis, the tester perturbs the states that propagate via the interfaces between the module or component and its environment.
To do this, the tester injects anomalies into the data feeds between the two levels of components and then watches to see how the resulting faults propagate and whether any new anomalies result. Interface propagation analysis enables the tester to determine how a failure in one component may affect its neighboring components.
While not a security testing technique in itself, the detection of pedigree indicators in open source code can be helpful in drawing attention to the presence of components that have known vulnerabilities, pinpointing them as high-risk targets in need of additional testing.
This is a fairly new area of code analysis that was sparked by concerns regarding open source licensing and intellectual property violations.
Dynamic Analysis of Source Code
Dynamic analysis involves both the source code and the binary executable generated from the source code. The compiled executable is run and “fed” a set of sample inputs while the reviewer monitors and analyzes the data (variables) the program produces as a result.
With a better understanding of how the program behaves, the analyst can use a binary-to-source map to trace the location in the source code that corresponds to each point of execution in the running program, and more effectively locate faults, failures, and vulnerabilities.
There are two types of Dynamic Analysis:
- Coverage concept analysis
- Frequency spectrum analysis.
Coverage concept analysis attempts to produce “dynamic control flow invariants” for a set of executions, which can be compared with statically derived invariants in order to identify desirable changes to the test suite that will enable it to produce better test results.
Frequency spectrum analysis counts the number of executions of each path through each function during a single run of the program. The reviewer can then compare and contrast these separate program parts in terms of higher versus lower frequency, the similarity of frequencies, or specific frequencies.
- The first analysis reveals any interactions between different parts of the program.
- The second analysis reveals any dependencies between the program parts.
- The third analysis allows the developer to look for specific patterns in the program’s execution, such as uncaught exceptions, assert failures, dynamic memory errors, and security problems.
A number of dynamic analysis tools have been built to elicit or verify system-specific properties in the source code, including call sequences and data invariants.
- Assuring Software Security Through Testing, White, Black and Somewhere in Between by Mano Paul https://www.isc2.org/uploadedFiles/(ISC)2_Public_Content/Certification_Programs/CSSLP/Software%20Security%20Through%20Testing.pdf
- State-of-the-Art Report (SOAR) July 31, 2007 – Information Assurance Technology Analysis Center (IATAC) Data and Analysis Center for Software (DACS)
- Gu Tian-yang, Shi Yin-sheng, and Fang You-yuan “Research on Software Security Testing” – World Academy of Science, Engineering, and Technology 69 2010
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The challenge today is to deliver a product that meets all the technical and performance requirements at cost and on schedule.
Fuel economy and emission regulations, increasing use of electronics and embedded software, and management complexity due to increasing globalization are just a few of the key challenges faced by today’s automotive industry.
Production ramp up time, pricing pressures, customer changes, technology changes, global markets and supply chains are some of the top issues facing electronics manufacturing services providers today.
Demographic change, resource scarcity, and an increasing focus on environmental protection are three of the largest megatrends affecting the energy and utilities industry.
Increasing global competition requires industrial machinery companies to continuously innovate and optimize their products.


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NX I-deas and Nastran allow accelerated solutions to challenging analyses.
With a critical design review of a highly complex seeker assembly approaching, an efficient method to validate the design under severe dynamic environments was required.
The Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system is a transportable defensive weapon that uses precision targeting imagery to protect against hostile incoming threats such as tactical and theater ballistic missiles. BAE Systems is responsible for providing the infrared (IR) seeker subsystem containing an infrared detector, stabilized on a two-axis integrated gimbal assembly (IGA).
During operation and transportation, the seeker is subjected to severe static, random vibration, shock and thermal loads. With no margin for failure in the qualification test program, BAE Systems asked ATA Engineering, Inc. (ATA) to analytically qualify the IGA structural design for all load cases and identify any required design modifications before manufacturing.
Solving challenging structural analysis problems with superelements
One of the greatest challenges in the analysis of complex assemblies is the trade-off between model fidelity and solution time. In the case of the IGA, the dynamic response is highly sensitive to the geometric features of the parts and how they connect to one another. This eliminated the possibility of less detailed models or partby- part analyses providing accurate predictions of the dynamic loads and stresses.
To balance the need for accurate stress predictions and reduced solution time, a superelement analysis approach was used. A system dynamic model of the entire
assembly was created that included detailed finite element models of all the components. An efficient modal solution
of the assembly was achieved by representing individual subassemblies as superelements in the solution.


In an era defined by technological marvels and energy-conscious choices, the concept of empowered living has taken center stage. At the heart of this pursuit lies an often-overlooked hero: the electrical panel. A panel upgrade, seemingly modest in its existence, holds the key to unlocking a world of enhanced functionality, safety, and efficiency. It’s a journey that showcases how, one circuit at a time, individuals can embrace a life of empowerment.
The panel upgrade advantage extends far beyond the confines of a simple electrical procedure. It is a transformative experience that brings forth a symphony of benefits, ranging from safety to adaptability. As electrical demands shift and surge, outdated panels struggle to keep up, leading to overloads, tripped breakers, and potential hazards. A panel upgrade sweeps away these concerns, offering a fresh start with modern advancements in circuit protection and fault detection.
Safety emerges as the foremost champion in this journey. Aged panels might harbor worn-out components, corroded wiring, and outdated safety mechanisms. These can become breeding grounds for short circuits and fires, endangering lives and property. A panel upgrade orchestrates a safety renaissance by integrating advanced features such as arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) and ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs). These intelligent sentinels tirelessly monitor electrical flows, swiftly neutralizing potential threats and minimizing risks.
Yet, the panel upgrade journey is not solely a safety pilgrimage; it’s also a quest for adaptability. Modern living demands seamless integration of smart technologies, energy-efficient appliances, and the flexibility to accommodate future expansions. Upgraded panels act as agile conductors, harmonizing these diverse needs into a cohesive electrical orchestra. From electric vehicle charging stations to home automation systems, the upgraded panel stands ready to power today and embrace tomorrow.
Furthermore, the panel upgrade advantage celebrates energy efficiency. As environmental concerns shape our choices, electrical systems play a pivotal role. Upgraded panels are designed with energy conservation in mind, incorporating load management strategies, real-time monitoring, and optimized power distribution. This not only lowers utility bills but also contributes to a greener planet.
The journey toward empowered living through panel upgrades necessitates collaboration between skilled electricians and empowered homeowners. Assessing current and future power requirements, understanding the potential of smart technologies, and ensuring compliance with codes all form part of this symbiotic partnership.
In conclusion, the panel upgrade advantage is a testament to the power of change. It transforms a mundane box into a cornerstone of empowerment. With enhanced safety, adaptability, and energy efficiency, every circuit update becomes a step toward a brighter, safer, and more sustainable future. Empowered living, achieved one circuit at a time, is a symphony of progress that harmonizes modern living with the promises of tomorrow.


Overview of Plantronics CS520 Wireless Headset (84692-01) | Like New
The Plantronics CS520 Wireless Headset (84692-01) is a DECT wireless headset with a binaural headband. It fits over both ears comfortably and provides passive noise cancellation in noisy office environments. The CS520 features secure DECT wireless technology, wideband audio, and an extended range and talk time. It is compatible with a variety of desk phones and offers one-touch remote call control via an additional Electronic Hook Switch (EHS) cord or handset lifter.
Specifications for Plantronics CS520 Wireless Headset (84692-01) | Like New
|Manufacturer Part Number
|Plantronics CS520 Wireless Headset
|Speaker Frequency Response
|100 Hz to 6800 Hz
|350" / 170 m


The AI for Space initiative aims to foster collaboration between ISRO, industry, and academia to advance AI technologies and their application to space exploration. The initiative includes partnerships with major technology companies, universities, and research organizations to develop and apply AI technologies to space exploration and science.
Self-reliance in SSA: Since SSA is essential from a national security perspective as well as protection of public and private space assets of Indian origin, there is a pressing requirement of transparency and trust on SSA information. This can only be achieved through developing in-house solutions. This proposal aims towards developing such a solution leveraging the advantages of cognitive computing.
Reducing human intervention/interaction in SSA:The current SSA solution requires frequent human involvement for planning and analysis. This increases the cognitive load on operators and decision makers and results in delays due to the lack of data dissemination. The proposed AI-assisted SSA engine will address these problems by updating an internal catalog, performing analysis through Machine Learning, and producing threat assessment reports for SSA decision makers.
Developing resource efficient solution: This proposal aims at designing an SSA solution which can take inexpensive Commercially-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) optical sensor data, publicly available historical data on space-objects and relevant information available in natural language as inputs.
* Space Situational Awareness (SSA)
Orbit Computation of Resident Space Objects for Space Situational Awareness


20 Watt Solar Panel & Stand
£205.00 (exc. VAT and delivery)
This 10 Watt solar panel is the ideal choice to prevent battery drain with smaller energisers powered by a 12-volt battery.
- Additional information
The 20-watt solar panel is a perfect choice to prevent battery drain with energisers powered by a 12-volt battery. Provides a continuous trickle feed to maintain power levels and extend battery life. Crystalline technology provides ‘all weather’ charging, even in uncertain UK light conditions.
Supplied with charge controller to protect the battery from overcharging and to prevent reverse current drain.
- Robust, water-resistant construction
- Supplied with 1.5m cable, cable connector, fuse, ring terminals, and crocodile clips
- IEC 61215 accreditation
- 2-year warranty
- Instructions included
Our robust custom-made 20 Watt Solar Panel Stand, included, is designed to hold the panel at the correct angle to the sun at British latitudes to maximise performance.
- Solar panel bolts easily to the steel frame
- Slacken the thumb bolt to adjust direction towards the sun at midday


Linux Kernel 5.1 Reached End of Life, Users Urged to Upgrade to Linux Kernel 5.2
Renowned Linux kernel developer Greg Kroah-Hartman announced that the Linux 5.1 kernel series has reached end of life, urging users to upgrade to the latest Linux 5.2 kernel series.
Announced in early May 2019, the Linux 5.1 kernel series brought the ability to use persistent memory as RAM, as well as support for booting to a device-mapper device without using initramfs, support for cumulative patches in live kernel patching, and more preparations for year 2038.
In addition, Linux kernel 5.1 introduced support for configuring Zstd compression levels in the Btrfs file system, more faster and scalable asynchronous I/O, improved power management, scalable monitoring of large filesystems, as well as numerous new and updated drivers for better hardware support.
However, as all good things must come to an end, the Linux 5.1 kernel has now reached end of life with the 5.1.21 maintenance update released by Greg Kroah-Hartma… (read more)


Before we understand the motor of the rolling shutter door, we need to know what is the electric rolling shutter door. Electric curtain door is an electromagnetic device to transfer electric energy according to electromagnetic induction. Its function is to control the automatic rise and fall of the curtain door, so as to achieve our anti-theft function. It is very convenient. Magnetic induction can not only be used as a curtain door, but also can use heat and water energy to drive the generator rotor to generate electricity.
Electric curtain door motor has more than one kind. According to its structure and working principle, it can be divided into DC motor, asynchronous motor and synchronous motor. Synchronous motor can be divided into permanent magnet synchronous motor, reluctance synchronous motor and hysteresis synchronous motor; asynchronous motor can be divided into induction motor and AC commutator motor. The rotor speed of asynchronous motor is always slightly lower than the synchronous speed of the rotating magnetic field. The rotor speed of the synchronous motor is always synchronous speed regardless of the load.
According to the running speed, it can be divided into high-speed motor, low-speed motor, constant-speed motor and speed-regulating motor. Low-speed motors are divided into gear reduction motor, electromagnetic reduction motor, torque motor and claw pole synchronous motor, etc. Speed-regulating motor can be divided into stepless constant-speed motor, stepless constant-speed motor, stepless variable-speed motor and stepless variable-speed motor, but also into electromagnetic speed-regulating motor, DC speed-regulating motor. Motor, PWM variable frequency speed regulating motor and switched reluctance speed regulating motor.
Installation of electric curtain door motor must be installed and maintained by professionals, and must be well grounded, otherwise there will be leakage phenomenon. When the motor of rolling shutter is running, it must not stand under the door or be in the same trade. There must be no obstacles. Regular inspection of the motor can ensure that there is no abnormal sound and smooth operation. Otherwise, it will easily cause personal safety and affect the service life of rolling shutter.
The working environment of the rolling shutter motor must be between - 25 and 55 degrees Celsius, and the humidity is about 90% (25 degrees Celsius). Before installing the curtain door motor, the locking screw of the limit mechanism should be loosened, and then the ring chain should be pulled to let the curtain leave the ground about one meter, then try it out, press up and down and stop to see if it is sensitive and reliable, if it is normal, the curtain can be raised or lowered.
Back rotation limit screw sleeve: adjust to touch the micro-switch roller: after hearing the sound of "drip-up": tighten the locking screw; then carry on repeated debugging, after reaching the optimal position, tighten the locking screw with the finger to tighten the door rolling machine horizontally, the curtain scroll should be horizontal and concentric, and there is no phenomenon of stagnation and clamping. Adjusting the sag of the chain should be adjusted without hanging the curtain money on the rotating shaft, about 0.6-1 cm. The power supply outside the curtain door should be exposed as little as possible.
The click of electric curtain door only needs to operate the switch button to open and close. When the curtain door is in place, it will stop automatically to meet the standard. If you need to stay in the middle, you can press the stop button at any time. Another advantage of electric curtain rolling is that the motor of the curtain door can be operated manually in the case of power failure, killing the curtain rising slowly by pulling and closing the ring chain.


Partnering With Leading Brands for Our Security Systems
As a business that is dedicated to client satisfaction, we use only the highest-quality products for our security systems. This way, we are able to exceed your expectations.
Access Control Systems
The company develops and manufactures access control hardware and software. Having been in business for more than 25 years, Keyscan has established itself as one of the leading names on the market today.
As part of Tyco Security Products, this brand designs, markets, and supports integrated access control technologies that are ready to use right out of the box. Kantech offers a compact and entry-level solution for smaller businesses. Their EntraPass access control software combines the powerful KT-300 or KT-400 door controllers to provide enhanced capabilities for enterprise scale applications.
Video and Audio Surveillance Systems
The company is known for network cameras, analog and HD CCTV cameras, DVR/NVRs, and video encoders. Hikvision is the world’s leading provider of innovative video surveillance products and solutions.
This business is the market leader in network video, inventing the world’s first network camera back in 1996.
Other Products and Services
Digital Security Controls (DSC) offers revolutionary control panels and industry-leading IP alarm monitoring products. With contemporary self-contained wireless panels, the company has always been an expert in the security industry.
Interactive 3G/4G Cellular Alarm Communicator
The MiNi01-4G is small, fast, easy to set up. It also has a free app for remote arm and disarm on compatible panels. The product is designed to work on any panel that has contact ID and 12VDC.
Patient Flow and Asset Management
Midmark enhances communication and operational efficiency. It contributes to clinical workflow solutions that encompass medical equipment, consulting services, RTLS technologies, and diagnostic devices. It also helps health systems reevaluate the delivery of care. MGS Security is currently the only Midmark dealer in Canada.
Book an Appointment
Contact us to schedule a free security assessment for your property.


4K sports ultra hd dv review
Maifang Waterproof 4K WIFI Action Camera is definitely an ultra HD 4K sports cam that gives incredible images inside a versatile. Designed for durability, this sports camera is bundled with IP68 waterproof situation, in a position to withstand two opposites. Capture incredible videos with four different high definition camera modes varying in the sharper 1080P 60fps mode towards the smoother 4K 25fps video, to match all of your different needs and preferences.
- Screen: 2 inch LTPS LCD (320*240pixel)
- Lens:170° 6G HD wide-position lens
- Languages: British / German / French / Spanish / Italian / Portuguese / Russian / Czech / Polish / Turkish / Korean / Thai / Chinese / Traditional / Chinese Simplified
- Video Format:MOV
- Compressed Format of Videos:H.264
- Resolution of Photos:12M / 8M / 5M / 4M
- Storage:Micro SD Max to 32G(Not Incorporated)
- USB Interface:USB2.
- Battery:Built-in1050mAh lithium battery*2
- Charging Time:About 3hours
- 1× Action Camera
- 1x 2.4G Handheld Remote Control (Simply to prevent rain, cannot be accustomed to dive.
- 1× Camera Bag
- 1× Waterproof Housing
- 1x Protective Backdoor
- 1× Handlebar Mount
- 1× Helmet Side Mount
- 1× Quick Clip
- 5x Tether
- 1× USB Cable
- 1× Lens Cloth
- 1× User Manuel
- 1× Adaptor
- 1× Dual port charger
- 2× Adhesive
- 2x 1050mAh Battery
Maifang Waterproof 4K WIFI Action Camera has a waterproof situation, a handheld remote control, a wrist strap, charger adapter and cable, and all sorts of adapters and mounts to place your camera in all sorts of places! A lot of accessories, it truly surprised me. It arrives with 2 batteries and so i don’t need to bother about battery existence! The instruction shows ways to use the accessories and you can easily understand.
The handheld remote control is handy when I wish to put the camera somewhere.
I loved this camera, it’s a lot more affordable than the usual GoPro that was overkill for which I desired.
See Featured Product Maifang Waterproof 4K WIFI Action Camera
2.4G Handheld remote control. This can be a new method to capture your world. Will never need to function in your camera. only the press of the mouse, you could have total charge of the digital camera and capture the planet as you want. Benefit from the ease of shifting between modes, switching from photo to video, framing shots as well as beginning and stopping tracks, without the headache of getting to physically achieve for the camera each time.
For stunning, realistic images, it arrives with four filming options. Including 1080p 60fps, 1080p 30fps, 4K 25fps and a pair of.7K 30fps. This provides different mode choices appropriate for your footage needs, both indoor and outside.
Built-in Wireless and HDMI connectivity. Download Application(EZ iCam, Password 1234567890 or No password, Get video guidance after scan the QR code) in your smart device, then connecting them. Setting, view, playback by your device. The application works with both Android and iOS ,Alternatively, use a USB cable for connecting this sports camera for your computer and rapidly transfer your library of tracks.It is simple to connect your camera on your TV using HDMI.
A mount of Accessories. The experience camera accessories package enables you to definitely benefit from the entertainment regardless of ourdoor and indoor activities, for example party, biking, skinning, bungee, and so forth. Free camera bag offers generous space not only to safeguard your action camera, but additionally have sufficient room for your various accessories. Which means you can easily and simply carry your gear along with you everywhere you would like.
Longer battery existence having a Dual port charger. With 2 rechargeable 1050mAh batteries, now you can have reassurance with regards to just how much recording time you’ve. With 4K, 2.7K, 1080P 60fps video modes, you are able to record as much as 80 to 100 minutes, on one battery charge. For 1080P 30fps resolution videos, two hours may be the maximum recording time.
See Featured Images Maifang Waterproof 4K WIFI Action Camera
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See another Best Action Cameras UK product here dallairemovie.com


HDR (High Dynamic Range) TVs just got a big push. Sony released a firmware update for the Sony PS4 to support HDR. All Sony PS4 console can now display video games with HDR support and video content with HDR information, like available through Netflix 4K.
TV makers found a new feature to sell you a new TV and this time its not a fad like 3D was. HDR is here to stay and brings major improvements to picture quality.
It worth pointing out that HDR is still very new. It is the second year HDR TVs are available and the specs for the technology are still a moving target. The range in quality of HDR implementation varies quite a bit.
The most basic advice is to get a 2016 4K TV model. Last year’s models are likely not offer the latest on HDR. Another quick indicator if the TV you are considering is a great HDR display is to look for the Ultra HD Premium logo. The UHD Alliance has created that a HDR certification to make it easy for consumers to know if a TV is supporting HDR fully. In technical terms the Ultra HD Premium logo means that TV meets standards of the likes of HDR10 (color depth based on 10-bit signal), peak brightness/black level combination of at least 1000 nits peak brightness and less than 0.05 nits black level, and display more than 90% of P3 colors in the BT.2020 color representation (Wide Color Gamut).
Not all TV brands are in the UHD Alliance. TVs can support high quality HDR, without the logo, but it is harder to find out. Especially bargain HDR TVs will likely lack the Ultra HD Premium logo.
Refer to the 4K HDR TV Guide for the PS4 Pro to find a list of high-end HDR TVs and this HDR TV Guide for the PS4 featuring bargain HDR TVs.
More Black Friday 2016 News.


CROWN ESR 1000 SERIES
The ESR 1000 reach truck with Xpress Lower technology doubles lowering speed to improve cycle time and increase productivity while regenerative lowering reduces energy consumption.
Built-in connectivity provided by the Gena operating system provides operators, managers and service engineers with a connected, data-rich environment that’s more human, personalised and interactive.
Work Smarter and Faster at Height
On an ESR reach truck, operators work with skill and precision at any height without compromising productivity. ESR 1000 and ESR 5200 models feature various combinations of advanced hydraulics and motors, programmable features, intuitive displays, one-touch controls and camera options that all work together to optimise performance.
- The ESR 1000’s optional Xpress Lower technology lets you double lowering speeds, resulting in substantial savings in time and money.
- The optional Auto Height Select feature available for the ESR 1000 automatically stops the forks at programmed rack heights to avoid product, rack and truck damage while improving throughput.
- The Tilt Position Assist option available on all ESR models compensates for mast and carriage deflection and automatically levels forks relative to the ground for more precise positioning.


- SAP is NZR’s first ever major technology partner
- NZR wants to become the ‘most technologically advanced’ union in the world
New Zealand Rugby (NZR) has agreed its first ever partnership with a major technology firm, hoping SAP’s expertise and innovations will accelerate the digital transformation of virtually every area of the union’s activities.
The German software giant will become the union’s official technology partner and official cloud software partner, an arrangement which covers everything from fan engagement and backroom operations through to the performance of New Zealand’s men’s, women’s, sevens, and U-20 teams.
The initial phase of the multi-year partnership will see NZR adopt SAP’s digital tools, simplifying and enhancing its existing technology infrastructure.
This integrated management system will give NZR access to data and capabilities that will modernise the organisation, aid the performance of off-field and on-field staff, and help it reach fans both at home and around the world.
There is also a significant sponsorship element, with SAP receiving in-stadium signage and branding on NZR’s digital platforms.
“NZR is undertaking a large digital transformation which really needs the support and expertise of a global technology organisation to help us achieve our vision of becoming the most technologically advanced rugby union in the world,” said Angela Nash, chief information and technology officer at NZR.
“SAP is at the forefront of digital enablement globally and have the tools to help us build a team of experts that not only share our vision but are world class in their skills and capabilities. It is great to have them on board as our first technology partner, working with NZR across all key platforms to review, enhance and enable us to provide technology systems that ensure we are the best both on and off the field.”
SAP works with several sports organisations across the world, combining the tools and technology it has built for the business world into a sports-specific suite of products. One of its most high profile partnerships with the National Basketball Association (NBA), while the German men’s national soccer team used SAP’s data analytics capabilities en route to winning the 2014 Fifa World Cup in Brazil.


Locating a home theater speaker system which is the best With all the makes and models of home theater speaker systems on the market today finding one that will suit your needs can be a real chore. But there is an easy way to get the system you want at the best possible price. First we'll take a look at home theater components, then I'll show how to get rock bottom prices on a quality home theater system.
Home theater speaker system components While home theater systems can be bought all in one package, buying individual components, including speakers, lets you get the best of every element. Like any good audio system, the best home theater speaker systems will have midrange speakers, a set of tweeters, and a sub woofer. It's the speakers that give you the full surround sound experience. Home theater speaker system features Home theater speaker systems come in wired and wireless designs. Compare them both for their sound quality and how easy or difficult they will be to install.
Speaker systems for home theaters which are the best have excellant crossover design. While the speaker driver is important, good crossover can make any driver sound good, while bad crossover can make even a good driver sound bad. Music playback is a good way to judge sound quality. Most DVDs do not produce great music signals, but if your speakers can handle a CD, then you know they are going to sound good playing a DVD. Determine the number of speakers you require. Many small speakers provide surround sound while large tower speakers are good for stereo effects.
Small speakers also work better with a single sub woofer. The ideal home theater speaker system has five speakers for surround sound. A certain surround sound system you may find preferable to another. The most popular surround sound systems today are Dolby Pro Logic, Virtual Dolby, and Q Surround.
How to compare home theater speaker system prices Start by visiting your local electronics stores to get an idea of system capabilities, features, and prices. Listen to each system in person so you have first hand knowledge of how the home theater speaker system truly sounds. Next do a search on the internet to find product reviews and cost comparisons. The comparison shopping electronic web store I utilize has independent and unbiased reveiws and comparisons of home speaker systems by ordinary shoppers like yourself. You also get price comparisons for various home theater systems, pictures of each system, plus detailed product information.
They even rate the various retailers so you'll know which ones are reputable.
Managing companies in the low voltage products industry has been the focus of John Leo's career. He has managed companies which either manufactured or distributed low voltage products especially coaxial cable, security alarm cable, home theater audio products and fire alarm cable. firstname.lastname@example.org http://www.worldwide-products.biz/


720p1080p HD Extreme Sports Digital Video Camera
Ultra-small waterproof high definition digital video camera with built-in recorder
- HD digital video and audio recording
- Ultra small and portable
- HD wide-angle lens
- Waterproof up to 65 feet (20 meters)
- High-speed USB data transferring
- Built-in lithium battery
- Built-in microphone
This very tough, high-definition sports video camera is easy to use in any extreme situation. The camera records crisp 720p video @ 30 fps and 1080p @ 15 fps. It also takes 5.0 megapixel still images. The bike mount can be turned around for other applications. This product has been tested submerged at a water park and even survived being strapped to a shotgun. Includes charger, USB cable, TV out Cable, CD, wiping cloth, waterproof ring, screws and screw tools, instruction manual, silicon band, sports band, product stand, bicycle stand, product rear casing, protection goggles stand, silicon band buckle, 1-year warranty and 30-day money-back guarantee. Note: SD card not included.
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Director of Communications
Around The Library
The University Community and Public are invited to bring their brown bag lunch and meet two of the University’s rising stars at noon on July 9, 2009 in the Elizabeth D. Rockwell Pavilion:
Clinicians and vision scientists have known for centuries that human vision is degraded by the eye’s poor optical quality. Even when wearing conventional glasses or contact lenses, our eyes still suffer from subtle optical imperfections that not only limit our ability to see fine detail in the outside world, but also limit the ability of clinicians and vision scientists to look inside normal and diseased eyes with fine detail. We use adaptive optics, the same technology used by ground-based telescopes to take clear images of outer space through Earth’s turbulent atmosphere, to correct for the eye’s optical imperfections and acquire images with unprecedented resolution. Adaptive optics imaging now allows for the routine examination of single cells in living eyes, providing a non-invasive, microscopic view of the living retina that could previously only be obtained in excised tissue. The ability to see cellular structures in the living eye provides the opportunity to better understand normal retinal structure and function while potentially enhancing our ability to earlier detect and diagnose retinal diseases and track the progression and efficiency of disease treatments. We will highlight some of the scientific discoveries that adaptive optics has made possible, and will also discuss the development of an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope in our lab at the College of Optometry.
Development of novel methods for functional imaging, monitoring and quantification of different biological processes in tissues, small organs, and cells has gained tremendous interest in view of the varied applications of Biomedical Optics. This talk will overview recent developments in functional imaging of different tissues and cells with several low-coherence interferometry (LCI) methods developed at the University of Houston, including noninvasive monitoring of drug diffusion and optical clearing, detection and assessment of microbubbles in tissues and blood, early diagnostics of arteriosclerosis, imaging of early embryonic cardiovascular system development, and depth-resolved fingerprint recognition. Additionally, recent progress in development of minimally-invasive glucose biosensor, based on unique micro-retroreflector technology, will be discussed.
Cookies and beverages compliments of the University Libraries. This free event is co-sponsored by the Faculty Senate. For more details, please review the attached sheet or call the Faculty Senate Office at 713-743-9181.
The UH Libraries & UH Women’s Resource Center joint Summer Book Club is back!
Join us on Thursday, July 30, 2009 at Noon in the Women’s Resource Center (in the UC Satellite) for Summer Book Club.
We’ll be discussing Ayelet Waldman’s new memoir, Bad Mother.
Questions? Contact Veronica Arellano (varellano [at] uh.edu) or Beverly McPhail (bmcphail [at] central.uh.edu).


USA-183 known as GPS IIR-14, GPS IIRM-1 and GPS SVN-53, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the first of eight Block IIRM satellites to be launched, the fourteenth of twenty one Block IIR satellites overall, it was built by Lockheed Martin. USA-183 was launched at 03:37:00 UTC on 26 September 2005, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D313, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, placed USA-183 into a transfer orbit; the satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor. By 25 November 2005, USA-183 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20,140 kilometres, an apogee of 20,222 kilometres, a period of 717.92 minutes, 55 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 17 signal, operates in slot 4 of plane C of the GPS constellation; the satellite has a mass of 2,032 kilograms, a design life of 10 years.
As of 2012 it remains in service
NOAA-18, known before launch as NOAA-N, is a weather forecasting satellite run by NOAA. NOAA-N was launched on May 20, 2005, into a sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 854 km above the Earth, with an orbital period of 102 minutes, it hosts the AMSU-A, MHS, AVHRR, Space Environment Monitor SEM/2 instrument and High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder instruments, as well as the SBUV/2 ozone-monitoring instrument. It is the first NOAA POES satellite to use MHS in place of AMSU-B. APT transmission frequency is 137.9125 MHz
A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite for space research, made up of multiples of 10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm cubic units. CubeSats have a mass of no more than 1.33 kilograms per unit, use commercial off-the-shelf components for their electronics and structure. CubeSats are put in orbit by deployers on the International Space Station, or launched as secondary payloads on a launch vehicle. Over 1000 CubeSats have been launched as of January 2019. Over 900 have been deployed in orbit and over 80 have been destroyed in launch failures. In 1999, California Polytechnic State University and Stanford University developed the CubeSat specifications to promote and develop the skills necessary for the design and testing of small satellites intended for low Earth orbit that perform a number of scientific research functions and explore new space technologies. Academia accounted for the majority of CubeSat launches until 2013, when more than half of launches were for non-academic purposes, by 2014 most newly deployed CubeSats were for commercial or amateur projects.
Uses involve experiments that can be miniaturized or serve purposes such as Earth observation or amateur radio. CubeSats are employed to demonstrate spacecraft technologies intended for small satellites or that present questionable feasibility and are unlikely to justify the cost of a larger satellite. Scientific experiments with unproven underlying theory may find themselves aboard CubeSats because their low cost can justify higher risks. Biological research payloads have been flown with more planned. Several missions to the Moon and Mars are planning to use CubeSats. In May 2018, the two MarCO CubeSats became the first CubeSats to leave Earth orbit, on their way to Mars alongside the successful InSight mission; some CubeSats became the first national satellites of their countries, being launched by universities, state, or private companies. The searchable Nanosatellite and CubeSat Database lists over 2,000 CubeSats that have been and are planned to be launched since 1998. Professors Jordi Puig-Suari of California Polytechnic State University and Bob Twiggs of Stanford University proposed the CubeSat reference design in 1999 with the aim of enabling graduate students to design, build and operate in space a spacecraft with capabilities similar to that of the first spacecraft, Sputnik.
The CubeSat, as proposed, did not set out to become a standard. The first CubeSats launched in June 2003 on a Russian Eurockot, 75 CubeSats had entered orbit by 2012; the need for such a small-factor satellite became apparent in 1998 as a result of work done at Stanford University's Space System Development Laboratory. At SSDL, students had been working on the OPAL microsatellite since 1995. OPAL's mission to deploy daughter-ship "picosatellites" had resulted in the development of a launcher system, "hopelessly complicated" and could only be made to work "most of the time". With the project's delays mounting, Twiggs sought DARPA funding that resulted in the redesign of the launching mechanism into a simple pusher-plate concept with the satellites held in place by a spring-loaded door. Desiring to shorten the development cycle experienced on OPAL and inspired by the picosatellites OPAL carried, Twiggs set out to find "how much could you reduce the size and still have a practical satellite"; the picosatellites on OPAL were 10.1 cm × 7.6 cm × 2.5 cm, a size, not conducive to covering all sides of the spacecraft with solar cells.
Inspired by a 4-inch cubic plastic box used to display Beanie Babies in stores, Twiggs first settled on the larger 10-centimeter cube as a guideline for the new CubeSat concept. A model of a launcher was developed for the new satellite using the same pusher-plate concept, used in the modified OPAL launcher. Twiggs presented the idea to Puig-Suari in the summer of 1999 and at the Japan–U. S. Science and Space Applications Program conference in November 1999; the term "CubeSat" was coined to denote nanosatellites that adhere to the standards described in the CubeSat design specification. Cal Poly published the standard in an effort led by aerospace engineering professor Jordi Puig-Suari. Bob Twiggs, of the Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics at Stanford University, a member of the space science faculty at Morehead State University in Kentucky, has contributed to the CubeSat community, his efforts have focused on CubeSats from educational institutions. The specification does not apply to other cube-like nanosatellites such as the NASA "MEPSI" nanosatellite, larger than a CubeSat.
GeneSat-1 was NASA's first automated, self-contained biological spaceflight experiment on a satellite of its size. It was the first U. S.-launched CubeSat. This work, led by John Hines at NASA Ames Research, became the catalyst for the entire NASA CubeSat program; the CubeSat specification accomplishes several high-level goals. The main reason for miniaturizing satellites is to reduce the cost of deployment: they are suitable for launch in multiples, using the excess capacity of larger launch vehicles; the CubeSat design minimizes risk to the rest of the launch vehicle and payloads. Encapsulation of the launcher–payload interface takes away the amount of work that would be required for mating a piggyback satellite with its launcher. Unification among payloads and launchers enables quick exchanges of payloads and utilization of launch opportunities on short notice. Standard CubeSats
USA-165 or XSS-11 is a small, washing-machine-sized, low-cost spacecraft developed by the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory’s Space Vehicles Directorate to test technology for proximity operations. In particular, the satellite was designed to demonstrate "autonomous rendezvous and proximity maneuvers." In other words, it would approach and photograph other spacecraft in Earth orbit. It would help test the feasibility of in-space repair; the spacecraft was designed to test systems that would allow the spacecraft to maneuver autonomously. USA-165 was built by Lockheed Martin and weighed 125 kg with an excess of 600 m/s delta-v. USA-165 was launched into Low Earth Orbit on April 11, 2005 on a Minotaur rocket and remained in its primary orbit for over eighteen months, but in December 2006 it was maneuvered into a disposal orbit and lost to satellite spotters. USA-165 was rediscovered by amateur satellite watcher Kevin Fetter; the satellite re-entered the atmosphere on November 11, 2013. The NASA GRAIL spacecraft design was based on XSS-11 design.
Space.com News XSS-11 micro satellite LOST AND FOUND: XSS-11 SPYSAT
Suzaku was an X-ray astronomy satellite developed jointly by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science at JAXA and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to probe high energy X-ray sources, such as supernova explosions, black holes and galactic clusters. It was launched on 10 July 2005 aboard the M-V-6 rocket. After its successful launch, the satellite was renamed Suzaku after the mythical Vermilion bird of the South. Just weeks after launch, on 29 July 2005 the first of a series of cooling system malfunctions occurred; these caused the entire reservoir of liquid helium to boil off into space by 8 August 2005. This shut down the X-ray Spectrometer, the spacecraft's primary instrument; the two other instruments, the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer and the Hard X-ray Detector, were unaffected by the malfunction. As a result, another XRS was integrated into the Hitomi X-ray satellite, launched in 2016. On 26 August 2015, JAXA announced that communications with Suzaku had been intermittent since 1 June, that the resumption of scientific operations would be difficult to accomplish given the spacecraft's condition.
Mission operators decided to complete the mission imminently, as Suzaku had exceeded its design lifespan by eight years at this point. The mission came to an end on 2 September 2015, when JAXA commanded the radio transmitters on Suzaku to switch themselves off. Suzaku carried high spectroscopic resolution wide energy band instruments for detecting signals ranging from soft X-rays up to gamma-rays. High resolution spectroscopy and wide-band are essential factors to physically investigate high energy astronomical phenomena, such as black holes and supernovae. One such feature, the broad iron K line, may be key to more direct imaging of black holes. X-ray Telescope X-ray Spectrometer X-ray Imaging Spectrometer Hard X-ray Detector Uses Gadolinium Silicate crystal, Gd2SiO5 Uses Bismuth Germanate crystal, Bi4Ge3O12 Suzaku was a replacement for ASTRO-E, lost in a launch failure; the M-V-4 carrier rocket launched on 10 February 2000 at 01:30:00 UTC but experienced a failure 42 seconds failing to achieve orbit and crashing with its payload into the ocean.
Suzaku discovered "fossil" light from a supernova remnant. Special Issue: First Results from Suzaku. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. Vol. 59, No. SP1. January 30, 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2010. X-ray Astronomy Satellite "Suzaku" JAXA/ISAS Suzaku mission overview JAXA/ISAS Suzaku Information for Researchers JAXA report presentation of failure analysis of XRS NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Launch of the Red Bird NASA ASTRO-EII mission description NASA/GSFC Suzaku Learning Center NASA/GSFC XRS-2 project page
Shenzhou 6 was the second human spaceflight of the Chinese space program, launched on October 12, 2005 on a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The Shenzhou spacecraft carried a crew of Fèi Jùnlóng and Niè Hǎishèng for five days in low Earth orbit, it launched three days before the second anniversary of China's first human spaceflight, Shenzhou 5. The crew were able to change out of their new lighter space suits, conduct scientific experiments, enter the orbital module for the first time, giving them access to toilet facilities; the exact activities of the crew were kept secret but were thought by some to include military reconnaissance, however this is untrue given that similar experiments in the US and USSR determined that humans are not suited for military reconnaissance. It landed in the Siziwang Banner of Inner Mongolia on October 16, 2005, the same site as the previous manned and unmanned Shenzhou flights; this is the first spaceflight for both crew members. The crew was introduced to the Chinese public and international media about five hours before the launch.
Niè Hǎishèng celebrated his 41st birthday in space. Huang Chunping, the chief designer of the Long March 2F rocket, was quoted in the Beijing Times as saying the crew members who would fly the mission were selected from a pool of three pairs. Five pairs of astronauts trained for the flight and about one month before launch the two pairs with the lowest performance were dropped; the Ta Kung Pao newspaper had reported that Zhai Zhigang and Nie Haisheng were the leading pair, after having been in the final group of three for Shenzhou 5. The crew arrived at the spacecraft about 2 hours and 45 minutes before the launch and the hatch closed 30 minutes after their arrival. At 01:00:05.583 UTC on October 12 Shenzhou 6 lifted off from the launch pad at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The launch phase was reported to be normal with the escape rocket separating 120 seconds after launch when the rocket was travelling 1,300 m/s. Sixteen seconds the four booster rockets separated at an altitude of 52 km; the payload fairing and first stage detached 200 seconds after launch.
The second stage burned for a further 383 seconds and the spacecraft separated from the rocket 200 km above the Yellow Sea. The spacecraft used its own propulsion system to place it into a 211 km by 345 km orbit, with an inclination of 42.4 degrees, about 21 minutes after launch. At 01:39 UTC Chen Bingde, the Chief Commander of the Chinese space program, announced the launch was successful; the crew ate their first meal in space at 03:11 UTC. Before the flight, the launch time had been the object of speculation by the Chinese media. For several months before the planned launch its time was only given as mid-October, or late-September. On September 23 it was reported by the Hong Kong-based news agency China News Service that the launch was tentatively scheduled for 03:00 UTC on October 13; this launch time was confirmed two weeks by Jiang Jingshan, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. But on October 10 an official from the technical department of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center said the launch was scheduled for 01:00 UTC on October 12.
This new launch time could have been designed to dodge the cold weather, forecast to hit the area. Assembly of the rocket was reported complete on September 26. On October 4, the Shenzhou 6 spacecraft was attached to the CZ-2F rocket known as Shenjian. Unlike the unmanned Shenzhou flights, Shenzhou 5 and 6 were launched during daylight hours to provide greater safety in case of abort; the launch was televised live with China Central Television selling advertising for RMB¥2.56 million for five seconds, to RMB¥8.56 million for 30 seconds. A video camera had been added to the rocket and images of it were broadcast during the ascent and the separation of the Shenzhou spacecraft. Shortly after launch, recovery crews began searching a region from the Badain Jaran Desert in Inner Mongolia to Shaanxi for the launch escape tower, booster rockets, first stage and payload fairing. Of particular interest was the "black box" of the rocket, which contained telemetry that may not have been downlinked during the launch phase.
It was found 45 minutes after launch somewhere near Otog Banner. It was first sighted by Lian Hua, about 1.5 km from her home. Other wreckage from the launch was found and destroyed at its impact location or brought back to Jiuquan. General Secretary and President Hu Jintao was present at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center to watch the launch. Premier Wen Jiabao was present at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center; the first of several orbit changing maneuvers happened as planned at 07:54:45, with a 63-second burn to circularize the orbit. Based on United States Space Command orbital elements, it was in a 332 by 336 km orbit. After about an hour and a half, the hatch between the re-entry and orbital modules was opened and, for the first time, crew were able to enter the second living compartment of the Shenzhou spacecraft. Fèi Jùnlóng was the first to enter, they would swap positions about three hours later. At 13:32 UTC, Niè and Fèi had a seven-minute conversation with their wives and children who were in Mission Control.
Niè's daughter sang "Happy Birthday to You", as his birthday is October 13. The activities of the crew were not revealed by the Chinese. Only vague references to experiments were made. One experiment involved the crew testing the reaction of the spacecraft to movement within the orbital and reentry modules, they moved between the modules and clos
Russia the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia. At 17,125,200 square kilometres, Russia is by far or by a considerable margin the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, the ninth most populous, with about 146.77 million people as of 2019, including Crimea. About 77 % of the population live in the European part of the country. Russia's capital, Moscow, is one of the largest cities in the world and the second largest city in Europe. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Estonia, Latvia and Poland, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, China and North Korea, it shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U. S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. However, Russia recognises two more countries that border it, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both of which are internationally recognized as parts of Georgia.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' disintegrated into a number of smaller states; the Grand Duchy of Moscow reunified the surrounding Russian principalities and achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had expanded through conquest and exploration to become the Russian Empire, the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state; the Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War.
The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Lithuania, it is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. Russia's economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2018. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally; the country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.
Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the World Trade Organization, as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Collective Security Treaty Organization and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union, along with Armenia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan; the name Russia is derived from Rus', a medieval state populated by the East Slavs. However, this proper name became more prominent in the history, the country was called by its inhabitants "Русская Земля", which can be translated as "Russian Land" or "Land of Rus'". In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus' by modern historiography.
The name Rus itself comes from the early medieval Rus' people, Swedish merchants and warriors who relocated from across the Baltic Sea and founded a state centered on Novgorod that became Kievan Rus. An old Latin version of the name Rus' was Ruthenia applied to the western and southern regions of Rus' that were adjacent to Catholic Europe; the current name of the country, Россия, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Rus', Ρωσσία Rossía—spelled Ρωσία in Modern Greek. The standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are commonly