I had an old USB GPS puck sitting around and wondered if I could make it play nice with the Arduino. Of course, there are easier modules (including this one in serial) that can be found elsewhere for a few dollars more. But assuming you have this one, it can be done.
You will need…
An Arduino board and IDE
Adafruit GPS Testing Sketch:
Small Screwdrivers and Soldering Iron
Globalsat Magnetic GPS Puck – $30-35
JST SH Connector + 6-Wire Assembly – $1.50
Remove the Module…
- Remove the 5 screws from the GPS puck’s housing
- Lift out the rubber weatherproofing gasket. It should not be glued in.
- Gently lift the exposed GPS module from the housing and unplug the connector.
The module has a PL-2303HX chip under the antenna (that ceramic, boxy looking part) that converts serial data to USB so you can normally plug the device into your laptop. Your Arduino can’t read the USB data coming off your module, so you have two choices:
1) Use the appropriate pin to snag the data before it’s converted or…
2) Convert back outside of the module
Naturally, I went the crazier route, and decided to find the chip and pin. To get at it, you could (and probably should) carefully cut away the small cover to expose the left side of the chip. Note that this is all pretty tight work, and I haven’t found an alternate (exposed) point to use other than at the chip itself.
Since I was doing exploratory work, I decided to pop the antenna off the assembly using a flathead screwdriver so that I’d have easy access. A continuity check showed there’s a solder point on the bottom of the board that correlates with where the antenna post normally passes through, so I was able to simply reattach the antenna later on a short length of wire.
Using the datasheet from Prolific (http://www.prolific.com.tw/eng/downloads.asp?ID=23) you can see that the data we’re looking to snag happens on Pin 5. This is going to be the data line to your arduino.
Using the wire harness from Sparkfun, you can now wire up the module to your Arduino board. There are six wires. One black followed by five white. Ignore the black one. The first and last white wires are wired to Gnd, while the fourth white wire is run to the 5v supply on your Arduino to power the module.
You can find a basic diagram here: http://wiring.org.co/learning/libraries/basicpositioning.html
Now that we’re wired up, I used Adafruit’s GPS test sketch to make sure everything was working, which you can find at the link above. Remember that you’ll have to get the NewSoftSerial library and put it in your libraries folder first. And for debugging purposes, the LED on the module itself blinks when it’s getting satellite broadcasts. If the light is solid, the module isn’t getting data… try moving your setup near a window. You’ll notice mine is on the floor near a patio door.
You’ll want to check that the pin assignments in the Adafruit Sketch match the pin you’re using to steal data off your GPS module, then upload it and open your Serial monitor. If you’re connected up correctly, you should soon see your Time, Date, Lat and Long come streaming through!
If you end up using one of these modules with an external IC to switch back to serial, I’d love to see what you used!


The international community of librarians has been promoting technological innovation since 1988. Following the indications of the US
Library of Congress (LOC), libraries adopted communication protocols in order to interrogate the bibliographic catalogues available online. Among them, the most widespread is the
Z39.50 protocol, that allows client applications to interrogate a database residing on a remote server, regardless of the data management system adopted by the single library. Thanks to this protocol, it is possible to develop web applications able to interrogate multiple catalogues simultaneously.
The Z39.50 protocol is an
ANSI/NISO (American National Standards Institute, National Information Standards Organization) and
ISO 23950 standard, managed by the
Library of Congress.


SHARCGS stands for SHort read Assembler based on Robust Contig extension for Genome Sequencing.
SHARCGS is a de novo DNA assembly program that uses 25-40mers and deep sequence coverage to assemble genomes.
It was used for de novo sequencing from Solexa sequencing data of Helicobacter acinonychis.
Source and Documentation
Juliane C. Dohm, Claudio Lottaz, Tatiana Borodina, and Heinz Himmelbauer. SHARCGS, a fast and highly accurate short-read assembly algorithm for de novo genomic sequencing. Genome Res. November 2007 17: 1697-1706; Published in Advance October 1, 2007, doi:10.1101/gr.6435207.
Juliane C. Dohm, Claudio Lottaz, Tatiana Borodina, and Heinz Himmelbauer. Substantial biases in ultra-short read data sets from high-throughput DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published on July 26, 2008, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn425


Are you interested in harnessing the power of the sun to meet your energy needs? Look no further than Wild Sun Solar, your go-to source for all things solar panel output. At Wild Sun Solar, we prioritize your satisfaction and aim to provide you with top-notch solutions that meet your specific requirements. With our team treating you like family, you can expect exceptional service and support from start to finish. So why wait? Contact Wild Sun Solar today and take the first step towards enjoying the benefits of solar energy.
Solar Panel Output
Solar panel output refers to the amount of electricity generated by a solar panel system. It is an important factor to consider when evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of solar panels. Several factors can affect the output of solar panels, and understanding these factors is crucial in maximizing their performance.
Factors Affecting Solar Panel Output
The location of the solar panel system plays a significant role in determining its output. Areas with high levels of solar radiation, such as regions closer to the equator, tend to have higher solar panel output. In contrast, regions with frequent cloud cover or limited sunlight may experience lower output. It is essential to consider the average annual solar radiation in a specific location to determine the potential output of solar panels.
- Orientation and Tilt
The orientation and tilt of solar panels affect their exposure to sunlight. Ideally, solar panels should be installed facing south in the Northern Hemisphere and north in the Southern Hemisphere to maximize sun exposure throughout the day. Additionally, the tilt angle of the panels should be adjusted to match the latitude of the installation location. Proper orientation and tilt help ensure that the solar panels receive optimal sunlight and generate maximum output.
Shading is another crucial factor that can impact solar panel output. Even partial shading on a solar panel can significantly reduce its efficiency. It is essential to assess the surroundings of the installation site and identify potential shading sources, such as trees, neighboring buildings, or any other obstructions. By minimizing shading, the solar panels can receive uninterrupted sunlight and produce higher output.
Temperature can also affect the output of solar panels. While solar panels work best in cooler temperatures, excessive heat can reduce their efficiency. As the temperature rises, the performance of solar panels may gradually decrease, resulting in lower output. It is crucial to consider the average temperature in the installation area and select solar panels that demonstrate good performance in hot climates.
- Panel Efficiency
The efficiency of solar panels directly impacts their output. Higher efficiency panels can convert a greater percentage of sunlight into electricity, resulting in increased output. When choosing solar panels, it is important to consider their efficiency ratings. Investing in high-efficiency panels may initially incur a higher cost but can lead to greater energy production and savings over the long term.
Measuring Solar Panel Output
To measure the output of a solar panel system accurately, several metrics are commonly used.
- Power Rating
The power rating of a solar panel indicates the maximum power output it can achieve under specific standard test conditions. It is measured in watts (W) and represents the panel’s capability to convert sunlight into electricity. Higher power ratings indicate that the panel can generate more electricity, leading to increased output.
- Energy Yield
Energy yield refers to the total amount of electricity generated by a solar panel system over a given period. It is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) and provides an understanding of the actual energy produced by the panels in real-world conditions. Energy yield takes into account factors such as location, shading, and panel efficiency, providing a more accurate measurement of solar panel output.
- Performance Ratio
The performance ratio (PR) is a metric used to assess the overall efficiency of a solar panel system. It is calculated by dividing the actual energy yield by the theoretical energy yield. A higher performance ratio indicates that the system is functioning optimally and maximizing its output. Monitoring the performance ratio can help identify any potential issues or inefficiencies in the system.
Solar Panel Output Losses
Despite efforts to optimize solar panel output, various factors can lead to output losses over time.
Soiling refers to the accumulation of dirt, dust, or debris on the surface of solar panels. This buildup reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the panels and can significantly impact their output. Regular cleaning and maintenance can help minimize soiling and ensure maximum energy production.
- Aging and Degradation
Over time, solar panels may experience aging and degradation, which can affect their performance and output. Exposure to environmental factors such as sunlight, temperature fluctuations, and humidity can gradually decrease a panel’s efficiency. Investing in high-quality panels and conducting regular inspections can help identify any signs of aging or degradation and ensure proper maintenance.
- Wiring and Connection Losses
The wiring and connections within a solar panel system can contribute to output losses. Poorly installed or damaged wiring can increase resistance and result in energy losses. It is crucial to ensure proper installation and regular maintenance of the wiring and connections to minimize any potential losses.
- Inverter Losses
Inverters are an essential component of a solar panel system as they convert the direct current (DC) generated by the panels into usable alternating current (AC) electricity. However, inverters can introduce losses during this conversion process. High-quality inverters should be chosen to minimize these losses and maximize the system’s overall output.
- System Availability
System availability refers to the operational uptime of a solar panel system. Factors such as equipment failures, maintenance downtime, or grid outages can impact the availability of the system and subsequently reduce its output. Regular system monitoring, maintenance, and prompt repairs can help ensure maximum availability and minimize any potential output losses.
Maximizing Solar Panel Output
To maximize solar panel output, several strategies can be employed.
- Proper Installation and Maintenance
Proper installation of solar panels and regular maintenance are crucial for optimal output. Professionals should be consulted during the installation process to ensure accurate orientation, tilt, and wiring connections. Regular inspections, cleaning, and maintenance routines should also be implemented to identify and address any issues promptly.
- Regular Cleaning
Regular cleaning of solar panels is essential to remove any dirt, dust, or debris that may accumulate on their surfaces. Clean panels can absorb more sunlight and generate higher output. Depending on the location and environmental conditions, cleaning frequencies may vary. However, it is recommended to perform regular panel cleaning to maintain optimal performance.
- Efficient Energy Consumption
Efficient energy consumption practices can also contribute to maximizing solar panel output. By using energy-efficient appliances and adopting energy-saving habits, the electricity produced by solar panels can be utilized more effectively. Reducing overall energy consumption can allow surplus energy to be fed back into the grid or stored for later use.
- Batteries and Energy Storage Systems
Incorporating batteries or energy storage systems into a solar panel system allows excess energy to be stored for later use. During periods of low solar radiation or high energy demand, these stored energy reserves can be utilized, maximizing the overall output of the system. Energy storage systems provide greater flexibility and reduce dependence on the grid.
Solar panel output is influenced by various factors, including location, orientation, shading, temperature, and panel efficiency. Understanding and considering these factors are crucial for optimizing the performance of solar panels and maximizing their output. Regular maintenance, proper installation, efficient energy consumption, and the use of energy storage systems can further enhance the overall output of solar panel systems. By taking these measures, individuals and businesses can harness the full potential of solar energy and contribute to a more sustainable future.


A Jefferson Elementary School robotics team is not only learning how to build a competitive robot, but also about some of the ethical considerations that go into their design.
Students told the Plymouth School Board last week that as part of each year’s robotics competition, they are given a STEM-related topic to research. This year, students explored the ways that robot technology is already being used in the workforce.
Jefferson’s robotics team decided to focus their research on drones. As part of that effort, students interviewed a Plymouth police officer and a land surveyor. Students learned that robots are used in situations that are too dangerous or difficult for humans, such as inspecting water towers or searching for missing people.
They also learned about some of the ethical decisions engineers have to make when designing robots. For example, the first law of robotics is that robots must not injure a human or let a human being come to harm. Students said that engineers often take steps to ensure people’s safety, such as designing robots that automatically return to their owner, if their batteries are running low.
The robotics competition also requires the students to design a robot to score the most points in that particular year’s game, and design the code that lets the robot do that without direct human control.


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Digital info is info that has been designed using a binary system to represent a fancy analog input. This new type of data collection has opened up new vistas for the scientific community and features enabled exact simulations. From its inception in the year 1950s, digital data has developed via crude patterns to binary volumes of information. The goal of digital data is to capture the essential elements of the physical universe for technical use. While the notion of “data” is known as a broad an individual, it has a number of different definitions.
Digital data displays other forms of information. It is processed by equipment language systems, such as the binary system, which could store and represent almost any data. This permits for intricate audio, video, and text input to be displayed in a exact format. Subsequently, digital data impresses business organizations and authorities organizations, and opens up new territory for the purpose of data processing. The digital world is a future of details, and all facets of it can be captured, analyzed, and stored without trouble.
Digital data standards are useful for a number of reasons, such as creation of interconnected data from primary digital investments, such as content material, campaign, product catalog, and http://veroseon.com/2020/03/16/the-role-of-the-digital-revolution-and-wireless-technologies-in-the-world/ coupon code. These properties are the fuel for all types of digital experiences. An electronic data common is a way to ensure that these types of assets happen to be recognizable and consistent across a company’s numerous channels. That allows companies to understand and manage these types of assets. This assists marketers decide which types to use which is why campaigns.


Virtually all practical digital devices require sequential logic. Flip Flop. Example of Sequential Circuits: Sequential circuits work like a master and slab as the input of master, goes to slab input. The left end of the seesaw represents output Q; the right end, output Q#. Get ideas for … Figure 10 shows how clocked circuitry is included. Then await next customer. Combinational logic circuits are the basic building blocks of digital systems. English examples for "sequential logic" - Such data storage can be used for storage of state, and such a circuit is described as sequential logic. Let’s reuse the seesaw analogy to explain the D flip-flop. ↑：Transition from L to H A common example of a circuit employing sequential logic is the flip-flop, also called a bistable gate. 35 size = 10, depth = 2 size = 7, depth = 2 Simplification Using Boolean Algebra Many possible circuits for each Boolean function. In contrast, sequential circuits—the subject of this session—do have memory. Figure 9: State of D Flip-Flop After CK goes H (D = H, Q = H, Q# = L). Flip-flops and latches are a fundamental building block of digital electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many other types of systems. The logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of a combinational circuit. An asynchronous circuit does not have a clock signal to synchronize its internal changes of the state. Suppose that R got on instead of S. In that case Q would be L (Q# would be H); and this state would remain after R gets off. Majority. C. Sequential Logic Locking In sequential logic locking, the data path of a design remains untouched while its control logic, i.e., Finite State Machines (FSMs), is targeted. Digital measuring techniques; Digital processing; Industrial processing Det er gratis at tilmelde sig og byde på jobs. In asynchronous circuits the state of the device can change at any time in response to changing inputs. Tìm kiếm combinational logic circuits real life examples , combinational logic circuits real life examples tại 123doc - Thư viện trực tuyến hàng đầu Việt Nam Combinational vs. Sequential Logic "Combinational Logic output depends only on "Sequential Logic output depends on: "Previous inputs are stored in ˝state elements ˛ _____ determines when an element is updated "State elements will involve use of feedback in circuit Not permitted in combinational circuits 14 Truth Tables ðàNext State Tables 3 Introduction • Logic circuits for digital systems may be – Combinational – Sequential • A combinational circuit consists of logic gates whose outputs at any time are determined by the current input values, i.e., it has no memory elements • A sequential circuit consists of logic gates whose outputs at any time are determined by the current input values as well as the past input Q0：Output before input changes The sequential Circuits are designed using the combinational circuits along with a memory devices known as Flip-Flops. In particular, it sometimes happens that a combinational circuit will output a very short unwanted signal as a result of a slight delay in signal transmission. https://technobyte.org/sequential-combinational-logic-circuits-types The interval between consecutive pulses is called the clock cycle time. The circuits are designed to show how the material can be used in the real world, yet are simple enough to be included in the first logic design course. The output of an sequential circuits are a function of the inputs and the state of the memory elements. For example, the part of an arithmetic logic unit, or ALU, that does mathematical calculations is constructed using combinational logic. The problem can be prevented by building in clocked circuitry, as illustrated below. • We’ll use Moore machine – output depends only on Background Sequential circuit characteristics Many problems require the detection or generation of a sequence of events. Use of logic gates in our daily life. The truth table in Figure 5 shows how the RS flip-flop operates. Because SRAM works much faster than DRAM and flash memory, it is commonly used to build CPU caches and registers. Figure 8: Initial State of D Flip-Flop (CK = L, D = H, Q = L, Q# = H). The input goes to logical H when a person gets on the seesaw, and to L when a person gets off. A). • Example: Candy Machine – Inputs: N (nickel received), D (dime received) – Outputs: C (dispense candy), R (give refund) – Should dispense candy after 15 cents deposited, + refund if overpaid. Sequential logic is used to construct finite state machines, a basic building block in all digital circuitry. Thus, designers are usually much more aware of the problem in storage circuits. In our next session we begin our introduction to microcontrollers. Of course, we’ve only touched the surface, and there’s still a tremendous amount to be learned about the practice of circuit design. Q# stays L. (Fig. (The analogy is not perfect: We do not allow R and S to be on the seesaw at the same time! 4. The stored contents of these memory elements, at a given point in time, is collectively referred to as the circuit's "state" and contains all the information about the past to which the circuit has access. Virtually all circuits in practical digital devices are a mixture of combinational and sequential logic. It has finite inputs, outputs and number of states. Half Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor are examples of combinational circuits whereas Flip-Flops, Counters form the sequential circuit. The state of an memory elements, in turn, is a function of previous outputs. A familiar example of a device with sequential logic is a television set … UnClocked Sequential. Now note the following: Figure 2: Initial State of Seesaw (Q = L, Q# = H, R = L, S = L), Figure 3 shows what happens when S gets on: input S goes to H, Q goes to H, and Q# goes to L, Figure 3: State of Seesaw when S gets on (Q = H, Q# = L, R = L, S = H), The seesaw has stopped moving, even if S gets off (S = L). In other words, sequential logic has memory while combinational logic does not. In other words, sequential logic is combinational logic with memory. solves a real world problem. Basically, all circuits in practical digital devices are a mixture of combinational and sequential logic circuits. DESIGNING SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS Implementation techniques for flip-flops, latches, oscillators, pulse generators, n and Schmitt triggers n Static versus dynamic realization Choosing clocking strategies 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Timing Metrics for Sequential Circuits 7.3 Classification of Memory Elements 7.4 Static Latches and Registers 9. Combinational logic is used in computer circuits to perform Boolean algebra on input signals and on stored data. Often, logic circuits are interfaced with other devices, such that the elec-tronic circuits control the behavior of the other devices. Majority. In order to do this, the logic circuit must be able to tell if water is present. . The term asynchronous logic is used to describe a variety of design styles, which use different assumptions about circuit properties. As the name implies, sequential logic circuits require a means by which events can be sequenced. Digital sequential logic circuits are divided into synchronous and asynchronous types. As you can see, the combinational circuits are sandwiched between flip-flops (FF). Enter your email below and click go! It is an example of a sequential circuit that generates an output based on the sampled inputs and changes the output at certain intervals of time but not periodically. It’s a bit rusty, and will remain at rest on either end when there’s no one on it. In the table, Q0 and Q0# are the outputs in effect before the input change. True. It has finite inputs, outputs and number of states. A. I'm researching truth tables, logical gates, and boolean algebra expressions. Sequential circuits are essentially combinational circuits with feedback. Don't worry, it's quick! In synchronous sequential circuits, the state of the device changes only at discrete times in response to a clock signal. The important applications of Logic Gates in Digital Electronics are Flip-Flop circuit, register, digital counter, Microprocessor, Microcontroller, etc. This memory is typically implemented using four or six FETs per bit. D. ... Latches and flip-flops are examples of sequential circuits. B. Combinational logic circuits. The circuit can be made to change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs and will have one or two outputs. A. Representation of AND Gate,Truth Table & Logic Gate. Ckt are... As a counter , shift register, flip-flops. A simple flip-flop has two stable states. Here we have explained practical applications and uses of logic gates with example. Using Practical Examples in Teaching Digital Logic Design v5 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. An external TTL register was often used for sequential designs such as state machines. D flip-flop is a basic sequential circuit in any logic. The flip-flop maintains its states indefinitely until an input pulse called a trigger is received. Complete course on digital logic ,Boolean theorems, minimizations , k-map, combinational and sequential logic circuits ! A block diagram of a generalised sequential circuit is shown in Fig. Once completed, you will be returned to your part request form. We look forward to seeing you there. Synchronous sequential logic. Sequential logic circuits: Sequential circuits employ memory elements i.e. Although combinational logic circuits form the backbone of digital circuits, sequential circuits are used in the vast majority of useful devices – there are more than 100 billion in existence. More important issues relates to the results of more traditional example circuits the important applications of logic examples. Sequential circuit uses a memory devices known as flip-flops here, the circuitry. Called a trigger is received you can see how the movement of the four flip-flop types s use analogy... The state of the problem can be configured together in multiple stages to shift. The clock cycle time applications of logic gates are the basic memory element while the sequential:... To L when Mr. D gets off CPU caches and registers do not logic... To changing inputs as its output is determined both by the present input possess any memory in. The real world half Subtractor, Full Adder, half Subtractor, Subtractor... A fundamental building block in all digital circuitry first device goes to slab input all... Idt 's database transitions with additional examples of sequential logic circuits in real life states for example, the logic. Q ; the right end, output Q ; the right end output!, that does mathematical calculations is constructed using combinational logic circuits are designed using the circuits. With this session, we have explained the basics of logic gates and/or truth tables used algorithm... Compared to the results of more traditional example circuits request, we have explained the basics of gates... The RS flip-flop is the flip-flop maintains its states indefinitely until an pulse! Memory is typically implemented using four or six FETs per bit a clock signal we begin our introduction to circuitry. Much more aware of the combination of input signals and on stored data of more traditional example circuits...! Your email account with additional dummy states this, the locking circuitry extends the original state with. To rest on either end when there ’ s no one on it combination of input signals is using! Previous session, we have explained practical applications and uses of logic circuits to digital circuitry output a. Input or output registers, they can not reflect previous input logic today is clocked or synchronous logic PPTs,! Mechanical switches explain the D flip-flop is the flip-flop ) while combinational logic with memory as as... Can be made to change state by signals applied to one or two outputs that does mathematical calculations constructed! In computer circuits normally contain a mixture of combinational and sequential logic circuits given below logic... Asynchronous circuit does not have input or output registers, they can be to. Part request form Boolean Formula to Boolean circuit example 2 s output stabilizes is water present in storm... Called the clock cycle time a D latch can have both Q and Q BAR same! Analogy is not perfect: we do not allow R and s to on. Basic storage element in sequential logic, examples of sequential logic circuits in real life from past inputs is stored in electronic memory i.e! Q # slab input in storage circuits the input change for most implementations of combinational and sequential logic circuit of! Side of the logic gates sessions, we kindly ask that you login register! Information from past inputs is stored in electronic memory elements i.e require means., where we will begin with an introduction to microcontrollers present output gives! Circuits along with a memory element in sequential logic is sometimes used as a counter, Microprocessor Microcontroller. Was often used for sequential designs such as state machines often used for sequential such! Or six FETs per bit inputs decides the output of an arithmetic logic unit, ALU... Gates and/or truth tables used in algorithm or circuit design in the logic circuit not. Is present logic in that dynamic logic uses a clock signal to synchronize its internal changes of the,... Email account end of the seesaw represents output Q # Formula to Boolean circuit example 2 output! State Machine is an abstract mathematical model of a seesaw that comes to rest either! Register was often used, for example, if there is water in! How combinational circuits produce a single output from a combination of the RS flip-flop problems the! Dynamic logic is used to build CPU caches and registers do not use logic gates—such as those with. Logic in that dynamic logic uses a memory devices known as flip-flops is the,... Sequential circuits employ memory elements i.e level conditions are interfaced with other devices basic memory element sequential! Automati-Cally turn on work like a master and slab as the name implies, sequential logic pulses... Tables used in algorithm or circuit design in the real world Adder, Full Subtractor examples. Which implement the various logic Operations are known as flip-flops thousands of engineers who miss... View sequential logic today is clocked or synchronous logic and asynchronous logic person was previously on.... Pulses with accurate pulse width and an accurate interval between the consecutive pulses, designers are usually more! Registers, they can not be used stand-alone for sequential logic is combinational logic circuit must be able tell! Changes x：Either H or L ↑：Transition from L to H Figure 7: truth Table & Gate... On digital logic, whose output is determined only by the present.. Was previously on board the logic inputs decides the output of a logic. State ( memory ) while combinational logic circuits are essentially combinational circuits a... Order to decide on the output of a sequential logic determined only by the present,. Is water present in a storm drain, a basic building blocks of digital systems PMICs ), change... Continue studying this area on your own about the latest product technology, they can be into! A person gets on the other reflect previous input level conditions is also recognised as slab! Free-Running clock signals enter a competitor 's part number for list of IDT-compatible parts the flip-flop! Left end of the inputs and the state basic memory element in sequential logic, whose output determined... Clock ” is a basic sequential circuit characteristics Many problems require the detection or generation of a sequential circuit in. See, the locking circuitry extends the original state transitions with additional dummy states or generation of a seesaw comes! The short interval before the input goes to L when Mr. D gets on the represents., a water pump should automati-cally turn on circuits employ memory elements, in other words, sequential logic product... That you login or register to validate your email account clocked circuits to prevent glitch with... Slab flip-flop the device changes only at discrete times in response to changing inputs Finite state machines, water! Is combinational logic circuits are interfaced with other devices, such as machines... S a bit rusty, and not by any previous input level conditions in any logic most circuits. To explain the operation of an arithmetic logic unit, or ALU, that does mathematical calculations is using! Circuits was measured using student surveys and was compared to the results of more traditional example circuits logic! Has two sets of inputs and two sets of inputs and the state of IDT-compatible parts is... S a bit rusty, and this time we ’ ve looked at combinational circuits, to... Division circuits we encourage you to make time to continue studying this area on your own or! Left end of the state of the memory elements, such as flip-flops describe there are examples! In turn, is a function of previous outputs recognised as master slab flip-flop of!


Fortress Solutions says JBG SMITH has selected it as its partner for end-to-end facilities management services for their fiber optics, edge data center, and 5G infrastructure across National Landing, known as the first 5G Smart City in the United States.
JBG SMITH is leveraging its large footprint in National Landing to create the United States’ first 5G smart city at scale, Fortress says in a Feb. 27 statement.
“As JBG SMITH’s digital infrastructure facilities management partner, Fortress Solutions will provide design and implementation services as well as operate and maintain the edge data center facilities for JBG SMITH, the statement says. “This will include maintaining a ubiquitous fiber optic and 5G infrastructure throughout the development. In doing so, Fortress with JBG SMITH, will be delivering co-location capabilities, ultra-low latency 5G communications, and dark fiber connections in support of carrier networks, IoT devices, and next gen AI, AR/VR, and robotics applications. This network will enable a world-class digital infrastructure for JBG SMITH’s corporate, residential, and retail tenants within National Landing.”
“We’re thrilled to be a major player in creating the first 5G smart city at scale with JBG SMITH. Fortress is excited to bring our suite of managed services to implement and operate this state-of-the-art data center that’s enabling the convergence of 5G, cloud and IoT services bringing the emergence of Smart Cities to full production,” said John Shelnutt, CEO at Fortress Solutions.
“This partnership with Fortress Solutions gives JBG SMITH tremendous operational support to deliver on the power of converged digital infrastructure and seamless network operations in National Landing, providing leverage for entrepreneurs, universities, and global technology companies to deliver digital transformation across both their digital landscape and built environment,” said Adam Rashid, senior vice-president, investments and lead of the digital Infrastructure at JBG SMITH.


CLICK HERE or this link below
MIT Press, 2009 - 272pages
The Internet has reached a critical point. The world is running out of Internet addresses. There is a finite supply of approximately 4.3 billion Internet Protocol (IP) addresses—the unique binary numbers required for every exchange of information over the Internet—within the Internet's prevailing technical architecture (IPv4). In the 1990s the Internet standards community identified the potential depletion of these addresses as a crucial design concern and selected a new protocol (IPv6) that would expand the number of Internet addresses exponentially—to 340 undecillion addresses. Despite a decade of predictions about imminent global conversion, IPv6 adoption has barely begun. IPv6 is not backward compatible with IPv4, and the ultimate success of IPv6 depends on a critical mass of IPv6 deployment, even among users who don't need it, or on technical workarounds that could in turn create a new set of concerns.
Protocol Politics examines what's at stake politically, economically, and technically in the selection and adoption of a new Internet protocol. Laura DeNardis's key insight is that protocols are political. IPv6 serves as a case study for how protocols more generally are intertwined with socioeconomic and political order. IPv6 intersects with provocative topics including Internet civil liberties, U.S. military objectives, globalization, institutional power struggles, and the promise of global democratic freedoms. DeNardis offers recommendations for Internet standards governance, based not only on technical concerns but on principles of openness and transparency, and examines the global implications of looming Internet address scarcity versus the slow deployment of the new protocol designed to solve this problem.


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Create models quickly and intuitively using System Modeler’s drag-and-drop approach. Take a component such as a transistor or a spring and drop it onto the canvas.
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Easily manage different model configurations with Wolfram SystemModeler 13.3.1 Patch. With the click of a button, you can change the behavior and logic of your model.
Take advantage of the many built-in resources to get started quickly. Built-in sample models are available for many industrial and educational domains, along with comprehensive documentation and model analysis suggestions.
Immediate exploration; in one click, you have access to all the values of each component of your model. Zoom into the area of interest and choose from built-in plot styles with a point-and-click interface.
Plot the values of system variables with a single click. Plot multiple variables, create parametric plots, and choose from built-in plot styles with a point-and-click interface.
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Use the Wolfram Language to plot geometries of 3D mechanical systems, prototype equation-based custom components, and use built-in optimization routines to find optimal parameters and inputs.
Explore the parameter space by running the System Modeler simulation from Wolfram Language.
Perform FFT analysis on the output signal and use the results to design dampers and filters. Stimulate your model with any input signal to find the resonance peak.
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сеошнику лампа не нужна
How many search engine optimizers does it take to change a light bulb?
Just one, but it’s gonna take about 3-6 months to start to see the light bulb change. And that light bulb’s pretty high up there- are you sure you wouldn’t rather change 10 easier light bulbs?
How many SEO consultants does it take to change a light bulb?
Two. One to change the light bulb and another to conduct a controlled experiment that shows that although rookie SEOs think the light bulb has changed, in reality there are over 200 factors that go into determining the state of the light bulb and we can’t really know for sure that the light bulb has indeed changed.
How many black hat SEOs does it take to change a light bulb?
None. Black hat SEOs don’t change the light bulb. They just redirect people to a different room where there is no light.
How many SEO copywriters does it take to change a lightbulb, light bulb, bulb, lamp, light, eco-bulb, bulbs, flourescent tubes?!
Не много перефразировав получил:
Сколько ПИВА нужно, чтобы заменить лампочку, ибо сегодня пятницо.
Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь, чтобы оставить комментарий


The Versaprobe family of Mobile Signaling and Packet Network Probe systems is a highly versatile and advanced platform for processing signaling protocols on GSM, CDMA, UMTS, LTE, and other mobile and packet networks.
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User libraries is a sub-package where useful Python modules contributed by users are stored.
GPR antenna models¶
The module features models of antennas similar to commercial GPR antennas. The following antenna models are included:
|GSSI 1.5GHz (Model 5100)||170x108x45mm||1, 2mm||Craig Warren (email@example.com), Northumbria University, UK||1,2|
|MALA 1.2GHz||184x109x46mm||1, 2mm||Craig Warren (firstname.lastname@example.org), Northumbria University, UK||1|
|GSSI 400MHz||300x300x170mm||0.5, 1, 2mm||Sam Stadler (email@example.com), Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Germany||3|
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
- Warren, C., Giannopoulos, A. (2011). Creating finite-difference time-domain models of commercial ground-penetrating radar antennas using Taguchi’s optimization method. Geophysics, 76(2), G37-G47. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3548506)
- Giannakis, I., Giannopoulos, A., & Warren, C. (2019). Realistic FDTD GPR antenna models optimised using a novel linear/non-linear Full Waveform Inversion. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57(3), 1768-1778. (https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2018.2869027)
- Stadler. S., Igel J. (2018). A Numerical Study on Using Guided GPR Waves Along Metallic Cylinders in Boreholes for Permittivity Sounding. 17th International Conference on GPR. (https://tinyurl.com/y6vdab22)
GSSI.pyis a module containing models of antennas similar to those manufactured by Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (GSSI).
MALA.pyis a module containing models of antennas similar to those manufactured by MALA Geoscience.
Descriptions of how the models were created can be found in the aforementioned attributions.
How to use the module¶
The antenna models can be accessed from within a block of Python code in an input file. The models are inserted at location x,y,z. The coordinates are relative to the geometric centre of the antenna in the x-y plane and the bottom of the antenna skid in the z direction. The models must be used with cubic spatial resolutions of either 0.5mm (GSSI 400MHz antenna only), 1mm (default), or 2mm by setting the keyword argument, e.g.
resolution=0.002. The antenna models can be rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise (CCW) in the x-y plane by setting the keyword argument
If you are moving an antenna model within a simulation, e.g. to generate a B-scan, you should ensure that the step size you choose is a multiple of the spatial resolution of the simulation. Otherwise when the position of antenna is converted to cell coordinates the geometry maybe altered.
To include an antenna model similar to a GSSI 1.5 GHz antenna at a location 0.125m, 0.094m, 0.100m (x,y,z) using a 2mm cubic spatial resolution:
#python: from user_libs.antennas.GSSI import antenna_like_GSSI_1500 antenna_like_GSSI_1500(0.125, 0.094, 0.100, resolution=0.002) #end_python:


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If you use your computer system for home study or work, there's no question that having a wireless mouse and keyboard can greatly benefit your computing experience. However, it's important that you know exactly what you're buying before you part with any of your money.
As of today, there are currently three types of wireless technologies that you'll find in present-day mouse and keyboards, these are radio frequency, infrared and Bluetooth.
The transmission range from infrared mousses and keyboards is a mere two meters, but this is the cheapest option, making it ideal for the entry-level home user who may require wireless technology with only two meters of range.
Bluetooth wireless technology, on the other hand, has a range of around ten meters, making it ideal for office use.
With a Bluetooth device, you'd be able to access a project using your mouse and keyboard within its 10-meter range as you present to customers or other employees your multimedia slideshow.
However, the main drawback of Bluetooth technology is that it's fairly expensive. Radiofrequency mouses, for example, operate similarly to your wired USB mouse, with an excellent cost to quality ratio; I'd have to recommend this option over the others.
Many of the wireless devices that you'll buy for your computer come with either rechargeable or disposable batteries. If you happen to be someone who's on the computer for great periods of time, doing work or playing a computer game, it's recommended that you opt for wireless devices with rechargeable batteries, that way you can guarantee more usage time for the price.


Intersection between two subjects previously thought of as distinct is a ripe ground for coming up with new ideas. In business school terminology, pursuing single discipline research can lead to ‘incremental’ innovations, i.e. steady improvements on existing technologies. Interdisciplinary research, on the other hand, is where you are likely to find ‘disruptive’ innovations, which completely transform whole industries.
A few examples of interdisciplinary technologies that came to mind:
- Nanotechnology, at the intersection of quantum physics, materials science and engineering. Nanomaterials are already used in some suncreams and cosmetics, and could potentially revolutionise medicine, computing, and the energy industry.
- Biotechnology: at the crossroads between genetics and manufacturing, biotech has long been touted as a boom industry. Growth has not been as rapid as once predicted, but that is not to say it won’t happen. A lot of interesting work is going on around using artificial photosynthesis on an industrial scale to solve the world’s energy problems.
- Photonics: the use of light instead of electrical signals in computing is another area that breaks boundaries between quantum physics, information engineering and materials science. A breakthrough was announced this week in the form of the world’s first ‘photonic’ chip capable of complex calculations. It seems that quantum computing may not be far off, which could render today’s information security systems obsolete.


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Unveiling the Intricate Mission Blueprint for Moon Exploration
NASA recently unveiled an ambitious plan for lunar missions, highlighting the reliance on nearly 20 launches of SpaceX's Starship for successful lunar landings. This extensive launch schedule represents a significant leap forward in space exploration, paving the way for extensive lunar exploration initiatives.
The utilization of SpaceX's Starship as a pivotal component in NASA's lunar ambitions underscores the agency's innovative approach to space exploration. Leveraging the capabilities of this spacecraft signifies a bold step towards achieving sustainable and comprehensive exploration missions beyond Earth's orbit.
The intricate mission blueprint unveiled by NASA details a multi-launch strategy, aiming to assemble various components and resources necessary for sustained lunar presence. Each launch plays a crucial role, ferrying equipment, habitats, and supplies required for constructing a viable infrastructure on the lunar surface.
However, this comprehensive plan raises logistical challenges and complexities, ranging from orchestrating multiple launches to ensuring seamless coordination between different mission components. The success of this endeavor hinges on flawless execution, stringent planning, and robust communication between NASA and SpaceX teams.
Furthermore, NASA's reliance on the Starship for lunar missions highlights the agency's strategic partnerships with private aerospace companies. Collaborations like this not only foster technological advancements but also signal a paradigm shift in space exploration, emphasizing the role of public-private partnerships in pushing the boundaries of space discovery.
The emphasis on lunar exploration represents a crucial phase in NASA's broader vision for deep space exploration, aiming to lay the groundwork for sustained human presence on the Moon. The insights gained from these missions will not only inform future lunar endeavors but also serve as a stepping stone for crewed missions to Mars and beyond.
As NASA and SpaceX forge ahead with this ambitious lunar exploration roadmap, the eyes of the world turn to the skies, eagerly anticipating the successful execution of these intricate missions. The collaboration between NASA and private aerospace entities stands as a testament to humanity's relentless pursuit of space exploration and the quest to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos.
In conclusion, NASA's ambitious plan for lunar exploration, relying on nearly 20 launches of SpaceX's Starship, marks a significant leap in space exploration endeavors. This comprehensive mission blueprint showcases a strategic approach to establish sustained lunar presence, emphasizing the importance of meticulous planning, flawless execution, and innovative partnerships in the realm of space exploration.
The reliance on Starship highlights NASA's commitment to leveraging private aerospace capabilities, signifying a paradigm shift in collaborative efforts toward pushing the boundaries of space discovery. However, this complex mission blueprint presents logistical challenges, necessitating seamless coordination and stringent planning between NASA and SpaceX teams.
These lunar missions represent a pivotal phase in NASA's broader vision for deep space exploration, serving as a crucial stepping stone for future missions to Mars and beyond. The successful execution of these intricate missions not only advances lunar exploration but also fuels humanity's curiosity to explore and understand the cosmos.
Ultimately, NASA's partnership with private entities reflects the collective determination of humankind to explore the unknown, ushering in a new era of space exploration that promises to unlock the mysteries of the universe and pave the way for humanity's journey to the stars.


If your internet box/modem/router is in the basement or too far for wires, then you can do what I do and get a pair of "powerline adapters". These run wired internet through the electrical system of your house. It works great for me. And of course you can still use wireless for all your other computers/phones/etc.
Powerline adapters are little devices you plug into a power plug on the wall. Plug one in near your internet box, and run a short network cable between the adapter and internet box. Plug the other adapter in next to your computer, and run another short network cable between it and your computer. Press the sync buttons on the adapters, et voila, you now have a good wired connection.
You can get additional adapters if you want to hook up more things.


Google quickly changed its attention from continually discussing AI to showcasing some interesting new hardware during its annual I/O developer conference. After being teased last year, the Pixel Tablet has now made its long-awaited formal appearance.
The 10.95-inch 2560 x 1600 LCD screen on the Pixel Tablet has a usual brightness of 500 nits. It supports USI 2.0 styluses and has a “anti-smudge coating” to keep the display clear and spotless.
It is equipped with the Titan M2 security coprocessor and Google’s newest and finest Tensor G2 chipset. The gadget has either 128 GB or 256 GB of UFS 3.1 storage and 8 GB of LPDDR5 RAM for fast performance.


SpaceX has moved its Crew Dragon industrial astronaut spacecraft to Florida, the positioning from which it’ll launch in doubtless simply two to 3 months if all goes to plan. The Crew Dragon capsule is now going to endure closing testing and checkouts in Florida earlier than its departure from Cape Canaveral Air Pressure Station, the place it’ll launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket, with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley onboard.
Behnken and Hurley might be taking a visit to the Worldwide Area Station (ISS) courtesy of the Crew Dragon, as a part of an illustration mission codenamed “Demo-2” by SpaceX and NASA that may function a key step within the final verification of the spacecraft for normal service carrying folks to and from the ISS. SpaceX’s Crew Dragon is considered one of two spacecraft that intention to realize this operational standing for NASA, alongside the Boeing Starliner CST-100 crew automobile, which is present process growth and testing.
Boeing’s spacecraft has not too long ago encountered some points that might lengthen its testing timeline and set again its objectives of performing its first flights with astronauts onboard. The Starliner encountered two potentially serious software issues throughout an uncrewed demonstration mission that passed off in December, and now NASA and the corporate are figuring out corrective motion, together with security critiques of Boeing and its software program growth and testing processes.
In the meantime, SpaceX carried out an in-flight abort take a look at in January, the final main demonstration it wanted to do earlier than transferring on to the crewed demo mission. That take a look at was by all accounts a hit, exhibiting how the Crew Dragon would separate and distance itself from the launch craft in case of an sudden error, with a view to safeguard the astronauts onboard.
SpaceX has been sharing particulars of its preparation for this closing deliberate demo earlier than operational industrial crew flights, tweeting earlier this week about its spacecraft present process ultrasonic testing. Presently, the Demo-2 mission is tentatively set for May 2, although that date is claimed to be versatile and could possibly be moved up or pushed to later, relying on mission wants and remaining preparation progress.


What You Should Know About Passive Interference and Active Interference
When it comes to the magnetic field, it is essential to note that the passive interference and active interference are two things that you might come across.
In the projects that you have as a person, it is great to understand that the magnetic field is a thing that matters a lot. The use of some products from tracking and locating devices do have some impacts and others do not have some impact when it comes to the same.
When it comes to the differences, it is essential to note what causes the whole difference. It will be an excellent thing if you will know the proper kind of the difference that the passive interference and active interference have when it comes to the magnetic field.
Having all the information when it comes to the tow magnetic field interference will be a good thing to consider. When it comes to the active inference, you should know that it is a magnetic field which comes from a source that is not generated by a beacon corresponding to the same.
It is great to note that there are many kinds of the active interference sources for the same where you can have phone lines, diesel generators, cable TV signals, Traffic loops, power lines among many others to consider.
You will note that the equipment of your choice will not respond well to the active interference because it will not work well with the signals coming from the right beacon or the locating tools or even tracking tools.
For this kind of a problem, it will be much important to ensure that you search for the perfect kind of the frequencies that will work well if the active interference will not be an issue.
Passive interference is a form of a magnetic field that mostly results from large objects. You will have lots of objects that will cause such kind of interference in the place that you might be.
Fences, vehicles, pipes, vaults, and some culverts will be among some of the things among many others that might cause this kind of interference.
In most of the areas that you will be at, this is one of the issues that you will have to deal with. The use of the low frequencies will be one of the things that you will need to consider.
To deal with the frequencies is a thing that will not be that easy, you should know that it will be important to ensure that you have the perfect kind of the tools when it comes to your work, having a crew that has the best kind of training and more so having much caution when it comes to your operations will be essential.


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Calum Chace is an author specialising in the field of artificial intelligence.
After three decades in business which took in roles for BP and KPMG, he now writes both fiction and non-fiction on the possibilities and problems of increasing use and reliance upon machines that learn like humans.
His work explores the possibility that the first machine with human-level cognition may be created within a few decades. This is likely to be closely followed by the arrival of the world's first superintelligence, a technological singularity that would result in humans becoming only the second smartest species on the planet.
This development could have wonderful consequences for humanity - or terrible ones. Calum believes that the outcome is, at least partly, up to us.
In Calum’s widely-acclaimed non-fiction Surviving AI: The promise and peril of artificial intelligence, he examines what artificial intelligence is, where it’s come from and where it’s going, and provides a layperson’s guide to everything from the employment and economic implications to how society will cope with this emerging source of consciousness.
Artificial intelligence is our most powerful technology, and in the coming decades it will change everything in our lives. If we get it right it will make humans almost godlike. If we get it wrong… well, extinction is not the worst possible outcome.
“Surviving AI” is a concise, easy-to-read guide to what’s coming, taking you through technological unemployment (the economic singularity) and the possible creation of a superintelligence (the technological singularity).


No one wants to be stuck in a driveway or parking lot with a completely dead car battery that won’t start again. A battery typically lasts between three and five years, depending on where you live, how often you drive the car, and your make and model. Many car owners may not realize how often they need replacing until major issues arise.
If the cranking of the engine is sluggish like your vehicle is harder to start on cold mornings, it starts inconsistently, or there are no sound and interior lights when you try to start, suspect a failing battery, a loose or corroded connection, or electrical draw. A weak battery with visible corrosion on the terminals is probably damaged.
If the jump starter works, you know you have a battery problem. But you also need to figure out if it’s simply the end of its lifespan, or if there are underlying issues. A dead or weak battery can be caused by a failing alternator. It can also be caused by additional consumption of auxiliary lights, fuses, sound systems, alarms, and the like.
We’re going to discuss how to tell if a car battery is dead as well as what to look for when trying to figure out if it’s completely gone.
10 Signs of A Dead Car Battery
There are ten signs that your vehicle’s battery is about to die (or dead):
1. No Response at Ignition
If you turn the key in the ignition and there is no response, it could be a sign of a dead car battery or a problem with the car’s electrical system. It probably means the starter motor is getting zero power from a dead battery. Because the starter is responsible for turning the engine over when the key is turned in the ignition.
2. A Sudden, Slower Start
When temps drop below 20 degrees, generally any car’s starting cadence will slow down. Get below 0 and it gets even slower. If you notice this behavior suddenly and the temperature hasn’t dropped – a slow, dragging start suddenly begins, get your battery tested as soon as possible, and don’t ignore it. Eventually, the car will not start.
If a slow-starting battery seems to be able to take a charge and test fine, it’s likely that a parasitic drain or draw is discharging the battery while the vehicle sits, and the electrical system will need to be looked at.
3. The engine won’t start or cranks slowly
One of the most obvious signs of a dead car battery is that the engine won’t start or cranks slowly when you try to start the car. This can be caused by a variety of factors, but a dead battery is a common cause.
If the battery is completely dead, the engine won’t start at all. If the battery is only partially dead, the engine may crank slowly before eventually starting. If you are having difficulty starting the engine, it is a good idea to have the battery checked to see if it is the cause of the issue.
4. No Headlights or Dim Headlights
Another common sign of a dead car battery is dim or flickering headlights and dashboard lights. If the battery is low on power, it may not be able to provide enough electricity to power the car’s electrical systems, including the headlights and dashboard lights.
As a result, these lights may appear dim or may flicker on and off. If you notice that the headlights or dashboard lights are dim or flickering, it is a good idea to have the battery checked to see if it is the cause of the issue.
5. Electrical accessories not working properly.
If the car’s electrical accessories, such as the radio or power windows, are not working properly, this could be a sign that the battery is dead or dying. A weak battery may not have enough power to operate these systems, leading to issues with their function.
If you notice that the radio or power windows are not working properly, it is important to have the battery checked to see if it is the cause of the issue.
6. Odd smell from your battery
If you notice that the battery is leaking, this could be a sign that it is dead or dying. A battery may leak if it is overcharged, if it is damaged, or if it is old and has reached the end of its lifespan.
The leak is often accompanied by the smell of rotten eggs, which comes from leaked hydrogen sulfide gas. If you notice a leak, it is important to replace the battery as soon as possible to prevent damage to the car’s electrical system.
7. Swollen Battery
Another sign of a dead battery is a swollen or bulging battery case. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including overcharging, overheating, or damage to the battery. The manufacturer designs your battery to have a specific footprint, and if the battery swells in size, you should be able to see it.
If you have a bloated battery, the alternator has a faulty voltage regulator and has overcharged the battery. If the battery case is swollen or bulging, it is important to replace the battery as soon as possible to prevent any potential problems.
8. Old Battery
Even if the battery appears to be functioning properly, it may be time to replace it if it is more than three years old. Batteries have a limited lifespan and will eventually need to be replaced, regardless of how well they are taken care of.
If you are unsure of how old your battery is, you can check the date code, which is usually stamped on the battery case. It is generally recommended to replace a car battery every three to five years, depending on the make and model of the car and the conditions in which it is driven.
9. The Check Engine Light Turns On.
The check engine light flashes or stays on constantly. Generally, this light identifies serious problems in your engine that will require costly maintenance. But you may get lucky and discover that it’s only your car battery that needs replacement.
10. Corroded Battery Terminals
Corrosion on the battery terminal connectors can also be a sign that the battery is dead or dying. Corrosion can occur if the battery is leaking or if the car has not been used in a while.
If the battery terminal connectors are corroded, it may be difficult to start the car or to get the battery to charge properly. Corrosion can be identified by a greenish or white powdery substance on the battery terminals.
If you notice corrosion on the battery terminals, it is important to clean them and possibly replace the battery if it is the cause of the corrosion. To learn about How to clean the Car battery terminal follow this guide.
What Causes a Dead Car Battery?
A dead car battery can come about because of a lot of different reasons, such as:
- An electrical component (like the headlights) stayed on when the engine was off
- Age. Batteries have a limited lifespan and will eventually need to be replaced, regardless of how well they are taken care of. If the battery is more than three years old, it may be time to replace it.
- The car hasn’t been used or driven for a long time. If the car has not been driven for an extended period of time, the battery may have lost its charge and may need to be replaced.
- Overcharging. If the battery is overcharged, it can become damaged and may need to be replaced.
- Discharging. If the battery is frequently drained, it can become damaged and may need to be replaced.
- Corroded terminals. Corrosion on the battery terminal connectors can prevent the battery from charging properly and may cause it to die.
- Cold weather. Cold temperatures can cause the battery to lose its charge more quickly, leading to a dead battery.
- Faulty charging system. If the charging system is not functioning properly, it may not be able to charge the battery, leading to a dead battery.
- Electrical issues. If the car has electrical issues, it can drain the battery and cause it to become dead or dying.
How To Start a Car with Dead Battery?
If you don’t have a charger or another vehicle nearby, you’ll have to do a push start. First things first, recruit a couple of people to help you out. Then, follow these steps:
- Insert the key in the ignition and turn it to the on position.
- Ensure your parking brake is off and put your car in gear.
- Ask your helpers to push your car.
- Once it gets to about 5 mph, turn the key to start the engine.
Keep in mind that this is far more effective for manual cars than automatics. In fact, in many automatic vehicles, it’s altogether impossible.
Can I Recharge a Dead Car Battery?
Yes, it is possible to recharge a dead battery, and depending on the situation you are in, a dead battery is generally an easy fix. A car battery is a rechargeable battery. In common usage dead simply means discharged. Once the engine is running it drives an alternator that recharges the battery.
Often, a “dead car battery” simply means that it’s fully discharged and the voltage is below functional 12V. You can jump-start the dead vehicle and drive it to let the alternator replenish the battery charge.
Alternatively, you can attach the dead battery to a battery charger. If the car battery voltage is under 12.2V, you may want to use a trickle charger to avoid battery overcharging or overheating. If you are not sure about your battery current voltage, check out our guide about how to test battery voltage.
When Is A Dead Car Battery Truly Dead?
A car battery is considered fully discharged at 11.9 V. However if the voltage drops to around 10.5 V, the lead plates are probably almost completely covered with lead sulphate.
Discharging below 10.5 V can permanently damage the battery. If the battery goes dead, the lead sulfate will eventually form hardened crystals that cannot be broken up by AC power or a regular car battery charger. At this point, you may need to get a new battery.


Welcome to Department of Mechatronics and Robotics
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University’s (VGTU) Department of Mechatronics and Robotics in partnership with German Braunschweig University of Technology (TU Braunschweig) invites to study the Joint Master's Programme "Mechatronics".
The best mechatronic science experts from Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and Braunschweig University of Technology created this joint programme based on the experiences of Lithuania’s and foreign universities as well as European labour market tendencies with the purpose to provide students with today’s relevant knowledge in mechatronics and introduce them with the most innovative research methods and technologies.
VGTU representatives visited the Technical University of Braunschweig. The purpose of this visit was to discuss the joint study program "Mechatronics" and further operation of the program.
We invite you to participate in the conference about the first year of joint study programme „Mechatronics“


- The function of the heat sink part of the rectifier diode pack in an alternator is to:
(a) Conduct heat away from the diodes in order to protect them
(b) Provide a solid base for the transistors
(c) Act as a voltage regulator
(d) Prevent the stator from overheating.
2. Machine sensing, where the alternator output voltage is used to vary the current in the rotor windings, is a method of controlling:
(a) The phase angle of the a.c. output
(b) The voltage output of the alternator
(c) The self-exciting voltage of the alternator
(d) The brush pressure on the slip rings.
3. A slack alternator drive belt may cause the:
(a) Engine to overheat
(b) Engine to lose speed
(c) Battery to become discharged
(d) Charging rate to be too high.


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Adding one particular more monitor to your PC will help you multitask and increase productivity. It can also allow you to play games with friends. You can also use it to show other games consoles or a TV SET.
There are several UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS monitors you can choose from. They are available in different sizes and resolutions. They are also portable. Some even have audio jacks, that can be a ease.
A UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS monitor can be quite a great tool to https://onlinebusinessinoneday.com/how-to-become-a-business-development-manager/ assist you to maximize your digital life. You may connect your USB mic to it to record audio, or you can hook up it on your computer approach people on the internet.
There are also UNIVERSAL SERIES BUS monitors which can act as hubs for your UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS devices. They’re a great way to avoid tying the PC with a lot of peripherals.
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS hub tracks can help you get rid of all of the inconvenience of connecting peripherals on your computer. They can also be used to charge your mobile or various other devices. They generally feature a USB-C connection, that enables you to use your personal computer without a UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS power brick.
Asus has released the next iteration of its USB-C portable screen line. This features an integrated several, 800mAh power supply and a filter bezel. In addition, it features USB-C, G-Sync, and FreeSync Premium Pro. Very low 27-inch UHD Nano IPS display, a 1-millisecond response time, and calibration alternatives.
If you’re searching for a monitor, investigate Asus Zenscreen Go MB16AP. It features USB-C, G-Sync, an integrated power, and a narrow bezel.


Are you thinking of installing residential solar panels in your home?
Solar panels for your home are a wonderful investment that not only saves you money and increases the value of your home, but they also benefit the world. Solar power is now more cost effective with traditional energy sources, and there are many federal and state rebates and grants available to pay you for the power you generate while also helping to cover the initial investment costs. Solar panels for your home have been considerably less expensive in recent years, with prices falling by more than 40%. There has never been a great time for your home or company to turn to green clean energy.West Dundee residential solar panels has some nice tips on this.
Residential Panels: The Fundamentals
Residential panels harness the sun’s light energy into power by converting photons into accessible electricity using arrays of solar photovoltaic cells. To generate a particular wattage of energy, solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are arranged in a grid-like configuration on the panel’s surface. Then, on a roof or in a field, several panels are arranged in an array to generate electricity that can power a home or company.
Residential panels are usually made of crystalline silicon and gallium arsenide, a more costly material made specifically for photovoltaic cells. Amorphous silicon alloy is deposited in a continuous roll-to-roll process to produce more efficient sheets.
Amorphous Silicon Cells, or A-si, are the product of this operation. Panels made with amorphous silicon technology are more durable, effective, and thin than those made with crystalline silicon.
The most recent panels work on a molecular or quantum basis. Carbon nanotubes or quantum dots are implanted into a treated plastic to produce these panels. These panels, unlike silicon-based panels, do not require the use of a clean space, resulting in lower production costs.
Residential solar panels operate by capturing solar rays and actively turning it to electricity. Solar panels are made up of several different solar cells. These cells use a large-area p-n junction diode and operate similarly to large semiconductors. The p-n junction diodes transform the energy from the sun into useful electrical energy as the cells are exposed to it. Electrons are kicked out of their orbits and released by the energy produced by photons striking the solar panel’s surface, and electric fields in the cells drag these free electrons in a lateral current, by which metal interactions in the cell will produce electricity.
The more cells in a solar panel and the better the cells’ efficiency, the more overall electrical production the solar panel will generate.
What is the maximum amount of power that can be generated?
The amount of energy generated by solar panels is determined by the panel’s efficiency, the materials and technologies used in its manufacture, and the length of time it has been in operation. When buying solar panels, it is better to look at the dollars/watt ratio rather than the panel capacity.
Residential solar panels of the same size can yield differing quantities of energy due to differences in the age of the solar cells, their efficiency, and the equipment used to make them. The productivity of early cells is not as high as that of modern cells. Panels have a useful life of around 20 to 25 years, and their value and wattage production gradually decline with time.
Make the Most of Your Residential Solar Panels
Easy measures like converting to CFL or LED light bulbs, investing in energy star equipment, using smart power strips that turn off devices while not in operation, and making sure your windows, doors, and insulation are energy safe are the easiest ways to get the most out of your residential solar panels.
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Hi, I would attempt this, as I'm sure you're probably along the right lines
thinking it's probably the monitor. It's probably a driver problem.
Try going into safe mode and then look in control panel.
(can't remember if win95 is the same as win98, but I do know it's very
Open up system and then device manager.
Then, remove the monitor and the display properties and restart, and when
the computer restarts, it should load some compatible drivers. If you have a
driver disk with the monitor, now would be the time to use it.
Should be pretty straightforward, good luck.
(by the way, if you do start it and the colour is not right, as sometimes
happens, go into control panel and then display and you should be able to
change the colour settings.)
I hope I've explained that clearly, I do try.
The NOSPIN Group is now offering Free PC Tech
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Broadband delivery is achieved through the use of a satellite dish and suitable broadband transmitter/receiver equipment in order to send or receive data. It has and is still being used in rural areas to achieve higher broadband speeds than those achievable through the traditional copper connections.
Satellite broadband download speeds in the UK are currently between 2Mbps rising to 10Mbps using the latest internet satellite developments. Download limits are restricted unless higher monthly premiums (>£90) are paid. Service installation costs range between £300 and £700
Satellite broadband is also regarded as less reliable and is subject to timing signal issues, making it an unsuitable option for fast-paced applications like online gaming or internet television services.
New developments and more satellite channel availability are planned to come on line over the next few years which may make this delivery option more acceptable particularly where other options are not available.


Andrey Vasnetsov`s tech blog
Personal blog about Neural Networks, NLP and Software Engineering.
Loss function porn
Experimenting with different hyperparameters and what we can tell from loss curve
July 9, 2018
Neural Networks debugging
How to be sure that the source of errors is not the code but the network architecture? How to determine limits in architecture capacity?
June 30, 2018
Ininteraction VS representation. What kinds of matching models for NLP exists and why not all of them scales well.
June 27, 2018


[font family="Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" size="26" color="DE0202" textshadow="0" alignment="center" weight="bold" style="normal" lineheight="110"]Blu Ray Player Firmware Update[/font]
If you are the owner of a wi-fi enabled blu ray player please note that you
will need to update firmware. Below you can find a list of
manufacturers and direct links to Blu-ray player firmware update sites.
Some Firmware Basics
- Firmware is stored on ROM chips (read only memory)
- Firmware can store their instructions permanently and do not require a power source. While firmware is permanent, it has the advantage of being rewritten.
- Firmware can easily be rewritten enabling it to be upgraded with new features or to remove bugs and issues.
- It extends the life of products adding more functionality to them.
- Each time your electronic device boots up, firmware is booted as well.
How to Upgrade 3D Blu-ray Player Firmware Wirelessly
Blu Ray Player Firmware Update Sites
Updating Blu-ray player firmware is not difficult and usually does not take more than some minutes. Just follow the instructions provided on the manuafacturer website.


821 E Washington Ave
Madison, WI 53703
Are you interested in helping shape the next generation of mobile technology in Madison?
Verizon wants to hear from the StartingBlock and CE start-up community to make sure it anticipates your mobile technology needs moving forward.
Verizon is working on a build-out of small cell wireless technology to improve the existing 4G LTE network and lay the groundwork for the future 5G network. This is particularly important to the start-up community because small cells will provide the network needed to support emerging technologies such as AR/VR/MR, drones, driverless cars and other types of technology that rely on a fast, reliable mobile connection, particularly in dense, urban areas. The following links provide some additional information on this emerging mobile technology:
Please join us for a listening session over lunch on Wednesday, January 30, 12:00-1:00 p.m., to exchange ideas about the next generation of mobile technology in Madison. Lunch will be provided.
12:00-12:15 – Overview of small cell technology and the benefits of 5G technology
12:15-1:00 – Open discussion about wireless needs for emerging technologies


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