Pats installing two new video screens at Gillette Stadium
|05.26.10 at 7:04 pm ET|
The Patriots announced Wednesday that they are in the process of installing two new high-definition Daktronics LED video scoreboards at Gillette Stadium.
According to the press release issued by the team, the south end zone will have the larger of the two screens at 41.5-feet by 164-feet scoreboard, which will be a ‘true’ high-definition video screen. Meanwhile, the screen in the north end zone will be approximately 45-feet high by 100-feet wide, with the digital LED technology totaling nearly 4,500 square feet. Together, the new end zone displays will provide more than five times the screen size compared to the two old 27-by-48-foot screens, and will feature much greater resolution.
‘With the size of these boards, along with the vivid color, image clarity and their graphic capabilities, these high-definition video boards come alive,’ said The Kraft Group President Jonathan Kraft in a press release issued by the team. ‘The resolution is incredible. This type of video board simply didn’t exist eight years ago when the stadium was built. It is amazing to see how far the video technology has come in the past decade and it’s exciting to anticipate what in-game technological advancements will be made during the next decade.’
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i-activsense is a new generation of active safety technologies that automatically sense the vehicle’s environs – from nighttime lighting, to the proximity of other vehicles – and help the driver recognize hazards, avoid collisions and reduce the severity of accidents when they simply cannot be avoided.
Mazda’s Blind Spot Monitoring System (BSM) uses radar sensors to detect objects in your left or right blind spots and then alerts you with a warning light in the appropriate side mirror.
The Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) provides enhanced nighttime illumination by moving up to 15º in the direction of your turn, allowing you to spot potential hazards ahead.
When backing out from a parking spot, Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) detects any vehicle approaching from the side and promptly alerts the driver.
The Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS) senses lane markings on the road and alerts the driver when it predicts the vehicle is going to unintentionally depart from its lane.
High Beam Control System automatically switches between high and low beams – helping the driver quickly spot pedestrians and other potential obstructions on the road at night.
Detects objects ahead at low speeds and prepares the vehicle to stop by adjusting the brake pads closer to the disc. If no driver action is taken, the system automatically applies the brakes.
Mazda Radar Cruise Control (MRCC) monitors the speed of the vehicle ahead and automatically adjusts cruise control settings to maintain a safe headway distance.
The Forward Obstruction Warning (FOW) system detects vehicles ahead and alerts the driver to an approaching risk of collision early enough for the driver to take evasive action.
Helps avoid or reduce the severity of collisions at mid to high speeds by detecting vehicles and obstacles as far as 200 metres ahead. When a risk of collision is detected, the system slows the car by automatically applying the brakes.


Macbook Pro 2.4 13 Laptop
Macintosh computers are becoming more popular, but even so, they are far behind the popularity of the personal computers. There are many Apple fans who buy these computers for various reasons. Some like the way in which they work, others like their simplicity, and so on. Apple managed to create various great computers over the course of time. One of their most popular models is the MacBook.
There are two versions of this computer: the MacBook Air, and the MacBook Pro. These computers come in 13, 15, and 17 inch versions. In what follows I am going to offer some information about the 13 inch version of the MacBook Pro. Many complained against the MacBook Pro for the fact that it did not have a very long battery life, and for the fact that it lacked the FireWire feature. The new version of the 13 inch MacBook Pro has those features, and on top of that, it also comes at a more affordable price.
The new 13 inch model has a unibody design, and as a result it is much more durable and lightweight than the previous models. On top of that, the screen is LED backlit, which means that the battery lasts for a longer period of time. The battery can last up to 7 hours, which is very useful, especially in the case you like to use the computer while you travel.
The processor has been improved as well. Instead of the 2.13GHz processor, the new model has 2.26GHz. It also has an illuminated keyboard, with sensors which adapt to the external conditions. This makes typing much easier than in the past. The computer has certain flaws as well. It has an integrated graphics card, and because of this, many users are not satisfied with the performance.
The computer is not very suitable for playing games, and very demanding programs.
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We don’t usually think of data taking up too much space in the grand scheme of things. You might get a message from Google or Apple telling you your storage is almost full, then you are forced to delete all those photos you’ve accumulated over the past few months and your problem is solved (until next time, at least).
But what happens when the entire planet receives this notification? Between external hard drives and online storage services like the Cloud, it seems like there is infinite space for all of our photos and documents and music files and the countless other things to which we need access at a moment’s notice. But this is not the case.
All of the data in the world needs to be stored somewhere, and we’re adding more every single day. The Irish Times reports that by the year 2020, there will be over 21 billion wireless devices in the world--all vying for data and connectivity. This storage space is bound to run out.
Believe it or not, internet data storage is based on magnets. But everything has its limits--both in terms of capacity and in terms of speed. Smaller magnets that can deliver data at faster speeds are the only solution to the planet’s insatiable desire for more and more data.
Harnessing the Power of Electrons
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin may have found a solution that could revolutionize the way we store data and increase transfer speeds. The answer lies in electrons--the negatively charged subatomic particles. Professor Michael Coey and his team have developed a way to use electrons as microscopic external hard drives.
The process works because electrons are essentially magnets attracted to the magnetic fields given off by positively charged protons in the atom’s nucleus. This keeps the electrons in a sort of orbit, much like the moon around the planet.
Professor Coey has discovered a way to theoretically recreate the attraction protons have with electrons. By using very weak, yet preexisting magnetic fields in data storage units, electrons can be used as mini storage devices that are permanently attracted to data centers.
As of now, the smallest piece of data that a computer can store is a bit (short for binary digit) that your hard drive magnetizes to coincide with binary code which your processor then uses to display any type of information you can imagine. What Professor Coey and his team have done is use this same basic principle, but shrink the sizes of the bit to subatomic sizes. Not only will this increase storage capacity, but also uses far less energy--making it more efficient.
But Wait, There’s More!
The research performed at Trinity College Dublin not only lead to the breakthrough of using electrons as mini data storage centers. The physicists also discovered something remarkable about the empty space that exist between atoms--there’s magnetic energy there, too! As waves of light pass through empty space, they leave behind a minute trace of magnetic energy, like the wake created by a passing boat. While scientists aren’t yet sure how to harness this new energy resource, its discovery opens up a new world of potential for magnetic energy.


Yuhua-Zhang Joins Doheny Eye Institute
Los Angeles (June 7, 2018) – Doheny and UCLA Stein Eye Institutes are excited to announce the arrival of optical engineer and retinal imaging specialist Yuhua Zhang, PhD, to the scientific faculty. Dr. Zhang’s research encompasses the state-of-the-art in tools to study blinding eye disorders, including next-generation 3-D imaging technology for viewing the retina in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at the cellular level. AMD is a leading cause of blindness in old age, affecting more than 10 million Americans.
Dr. Zhang joins Doheny – UCLA as a principal investigator and as an Associate Professor in the UCLA Department of Ophthalmology. He comes from the University of Alabama at Birmingham where he established an early version of the instrument planned for Doheny Eye Institute’s new Laboratory for Advanced Retinal Imaging.
Dr. Zhang’s collaborators at Doheny – UCLA include AMD expert Dr. SriniVas Sadda, Doheny’s President and Chief Scientific Officer, and other specialists in AMD, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and even Alzheimer’s disease whose patients ultimately benefit from the new technology.
The technology integrates adaptive optics, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and optical coherence tomography (AO-SLO-OCT) to study the vision-producing cells and tiniest blood vessels of the eye. Understanding their interplay will help answer questions about causes of vision loss; improve prognoses for patients; and lead to directed treatments to slow or prevent vision loss.
“I’m especially interested in the therapeutic effect of treatments on the eye’s photoreceptor cells and early detection of retinal disease,” explains Dr. Zhang, whose own mother-in-law lost vision due to severe macular degeneration. He believes that advanced imaging technology capable of assessing the retina and its blood supply system at the cellular level may lead to the development of novel strategies to rescue vision.
Dr. Zhang received his PhD in precision metrology and instruments engineering in 1997 from Tianjin University in China. He came to the US in 2003 to join University of California – Berkeley experts on adaptive optics retinal imaging, before heading to the University of Alabama for a position in the Department of Ophthalmology.
He is the recipient of a prestigious R&D 100 Award for his development of a MEMS-based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The award honors pioneers of revolutionary new ideas in science and technology. Dr. Zhang’s work has been acknowledged in numerous ways, including a 5-year grant from the National Institutes of Health to pursue his imaging studies of retinal lesions and photoreceptors in AMD.
About Doheny Eye Institute
For over 70 years, Doheny Eye Institute has been at the forefront of vision science. From seeking new ways to free blockages that prevent fluid drainage in glaucoma, to replacing retinal cells in age-related macular degeneration, to providing colleagues worldwide with standardized analyses of anatomical changes in the eyes of patients, Doheny clinicians and scientists are changing how people see — and also how they think about the future of vision.
Doheny Eye Institute and UCLA Stein Eye Institute have joined forces to offer the best in patient care, vision research, and education. This affiliation combines the strength, reputation, and distinction of two of the nation’s top eye institutions to advance vision research, education, and patient care in Southern California.


MAMEN 26cm Protable Selfie Ring Light For Youtube Live Streaming Studio Video Led Dimmable Photography Lighting With USB Cable
Dimmable LED Ring Light with a wide dimming range from level-1 to level-10.
Special LED design, lightweight and portable. Constant current drive, low power loss.
NO ultraviolet and infrared light radiation, low heat output, safety and environmental protection.
Long service life of more than 50000hrs.
With reinforced flexible arm which will move freely and never droop.
Extra Long Cord and Heavy Duty Thumb Screws.
It is widely applied to outdoor photo light, filling light indoors, portrait, fashion, wedding art, advertisement photography, shooting video, etc.
user: Video Blogger, Influencer network, makeup artist, photographer, female, child, etc.
6/8/10 inch Ring light
beauty selfie, portrait photo, youtube video, desktop lighting
led light ring for makeup On Laptop
Makeup light ring for cell phone
Beauty light for video studio lighting
$43.38 – $190.49
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Efforts to forecast the current condition of Sagami Bay.
|Sea current information is used in a variety of fields, including navigation safety, marine economic activities, marine environment conservation, and marine leisure. The Japan Coast Guard’s Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department conducts observations in Sagami Bay using ocean shortwave radar, and discloses and provides flow information on its website. The current information of Sagami Bay is for the past current based on the actual situation, and there is no information on the current conditions in the future. Future current information is helpful for marine activities. For example, ship operators can use it to plan safe and economical operations, while marine leisure people can use it to know the current time suitable for fishing. In addition, it is indispensable for the Japan Coast Guard to predict drifting in order to rescue drifters due to maritime accidents. This report describes a study for creating future flow information in Sagami Bay using data observed by ocean shortwave radar. It shows that the current condition in Sagami Bay also has tidal components, but components other than tidal currents are dominant. A method of estimating components other than the tidal current using moving averages and predicting them from past ocean shortwave radar data was studied. As a result, it was possible to forecast that components other than tidal current could be used practically.
|Efforts to forecast the current condition of Sagami Bay.
|Report of Hydrographic and Oceanographic Researches


Fix USB Problems with Pen Drive Recovery Solution
These are some of the problems that drag pen drive to corruption stage and data stored in pen drive lead to corruption. After corruption, pen drive user unable to access data.
Download Pen drive recovery softeware
Amongst many technological devices, pen device is one of the most helpful inventions. This memory storage device cause many issues like data deletion. Thus, for deleted pen drive recovery, external software application like Pen Drive recovery Tool helps genuinely to recover complete data from pen drive.
Pen drive has capacity to store large amount of data. The pen drive is an improvement on modern compact drives, older floppy drive disks etc used to copy data on different hard drives. Pen drive with low storage space able to store large amount of data. Users can copy word processing data, photos, movie clips, songs, and any other type of file.
Download Software for FREE: Free downloadable edition show process to perform corrupted, formatted, and deleted pen drive recovery. There is demo video of the software that shows you process of recovering data. You also get preview of recover deleted files from Pen Drive but cannot save data
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Deliver power to open hardware compute without taking up productive rack space with power equipment. Beyond increasing density the Zero U is the first open hardware power solution that easily be configured in N+1 and 2N configurations. Racks modified with the Zero U power supplies are engineered to receive narrowband +/-190Vdc from the EDCS 100kW DC-UPS modules. Zero U Power systems operate at better than even the highest rated titanium AC input Solution.
The Zero U is an EDCS Power patented rack power interface design. Our open hardware rack is optimized to receive narrowband +/-190Vdc and distribute 12Vdc throughout the rack’s bus bars. As the name implies, the Zero U does not take productive space away from IT equipment, and frees the entire rack to be available for compute, storage and networking.
By mounting our compact Zero U power supply assemblies directly to open hardware bus bars, data center designers now have much greater flexibility in how they meet reliability requirements for operators. For example, to create a 2N power architecture for open hardware the electrical design team needs only to run half of the assemblies up to an A feed and the other half to B. This is a far simpler, compute dense, and reliable solution than any other solution on the market for creating enterprise ready 2N in open hardware.
Finally, and most importantly for operators, the Zero U power assemblies leverage the highest efficiency 400Vdc to 12Vdc conversion chips. This takes the entire rack of compute up to and beyond even titanium level rated AC power supplies. The cost, when spread out over the entire rack of compute is far cheaper than even standard (low efficiency) AC based PSUs. Please download the Zero U data sheet today. We look forward to working with you on greatly increasing your data centers electrical efficiency and reducing your spend on power.


Sat-Browse, powered by Yippy, significantly decreases load times for web browsing, providing satellite users with an enhanced data service experience
COVINGTON, La., Nov. 08, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Globalstar, Inc. (NYSE American:GSAT) announced today the introduction of Sat-Browse™, a new Internet compression and search engine technology powered by Yippy, Inc. (OTCMKTS:YIPI). Sat-Browse enhances the Internet browsing experience for Globalstar’s satellite subscribers through quick access to text-based information and decreased load times for data from the web or corporate data silos. Supporting multiple languages, Sat-Browse allows users to stay informed when beyond cellular with faster access to news, sports, weather and informational or educational sites.
“With Sat-Browse, customers who rely on satellite based communications will now be able to access web-based information faster and more efficiently through the Globalstar satellite network,” said Jay Monroe, Chief Executive Officer of Globalstar. “With Yippy compression and search engine technology, we are ensuring that data is optimized for delivery over satellite, that the user experience is the same across all devices, and that the service is language agnostic for regional use, collectively resulting in an overall improvement of the customer’s off the grid satellite communications.”
Sat-Browse works seamlessly via the Sat-Fi® app using either Globalstar’s Sat-Fi or 9600 Data Hotspot satellite devices. These products are used by a wide range of customers in industries such as commercial fishing and marine, oil & gas, forestry, mining and construction as well as outdoor sports and recreation. Satellite customers can browse the Internet with greater speed than before with text-based web page content loading in seconds.
Subscribers with an existing Globalstar satellite phone and data cable can utilize their normal data connection to take advantage of the Sat-Browse technology using their existing Internet browser.
“We are happy to work with Globalstar as they officially roll out Yippy’s proprietary compression and search engine technology. Globalstar’s subscribers will now be able to streamline web and document access with the highest level of security while maximizing the available satellite bandwidth for a better overall user experience. We hope to make the world more connected and bridge the gap for those outside terrestrial communications,” said Richard Granville, Chief Executive Officer of Yippy.
The Sat-Fi app is compatible with all iOS and Android powered devices, and is available free for download through the Apple App Store or Google Play. It is compatible with Mac and Windows operating systems via downloads from the Globalstar website. The Sat-Browse service is free through January 31, 2018.
Watch Sat-Browse Video
About Globalstar, Inc.
Globalstar is a leading provider of mobile satellite voice and data services. Customers around the world in industries such as government, emergency management, marine, logging, oil & gas and outdoor recreation rely on Globalstar to conduct business smarter and faster, maintain peace of mind and access emergency personnel. Globalstar data solutions are ideal for various asset and personal tracking, data monitoring, SCADA and IoT applications. The Company’s products include mobile and fixed satellite telephones, the innovative Sat-Fi satellite hotspot, Simplex and Duplex satellite data modems, tracking devices and flexible service packages.
About Yippy, Inc.
Based in Marco Island, FL, Yippy, Inc. (www.yippyinc.com) is a technology company that specializes in the development of search-based applications, data normalization, compression/optimization and aggregation through enterprise application service environments (EASE). Yippy’s proprietary product suites are deployed to provide secure, redundant, and maintained data services. Yippy also provides the most advanced search appliance and is the best alternative for those seeking a replacement for the Google Search Appliance. Yippy also operates several online Internet properties and educational reference portals. Investors can find current financial disclosure for Yippy at http://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/YIPI/filings.


SFN Scientific Council is composed of a maximum of 25 members.
After Board bureau proposal, the Board nominates the President of the Scientific Council.
The other members of the Scientific Council are nominated for a 3-year term by the Board after proposal by the President and the Vice-President of the Scientific Council. One third of the Scientific Council members are changed every year, based on the duration of their Council membership. Exiting members can be nominated again. The Scientific Council, with the possible support of external experts: [checklist icon=”fa-check” iconcolor=”#3370b6″ circle=”” circlecolor=”” size=”15px” class=”” id=””]
[li_item icon=””]proposes to the Board the scientific strategy to be developped by the SFN.[/li_item]


Here at Freestyle Communications we provide a single source for all your voice and data requirements. Our engineers are highly trained and technically experienced in the cabling industry, both in dealing with and co-ordinating the sophisticated cabling technology that is such an essential part of modern business phones and communication equipment.
Category 5e structured cabling is a standardised cabling network of outlets which can be used to plug in an office telephone, fax machine, modem, ISDN data device or pc network connection. The use of Category 5e cabling is central to many business phone systems.
Category 5e can be more economical to install than separate voice and data cabling. Whereas traditional telephone cable is sufficient for simple telephone connections, Cat 5e cabling incorporates your office phones and computer requirements on the same cabling system. Contact us.
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Kris Wood, Paula Hammond and Dan Schmidt at MIT (photo – Donna Coveney)
Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a nanotechnology film that has the potential to deliver drugs for cancer, diabetes, epilepsy and many other conditions “on-demand”. The film can be remotely activated by applying a small electric field and release medication in controlled amounts, possibly in response to embedded sensors in the body. Imagine a whole “pharmacy” of medication customized for a specific patient on a flexible, implantable, biodegradable membrane. The research was recently reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and is generating interest in many quarters.
The research team, headed by Paula Hammond, the Bayer Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT, and her team have developed technology for a layered film, typically about 150 nanometers (billionths of a meter) thick, which can be implanted throughout the body. The film is made from a negatively charged pigment (Prussian Blue) and a positively or neutrally charged drug molecule wrapped in a positively charged molecule. The pigment wraps around the drug molecule and fixes it in place. When an electrical current is applied, the Prussian Blue loses its negative charge, which allows the drug to diffuse out into the bloodstream. The amount of drug released, and the timing of release can be controlled very precisely by varying the voltage applied to the film. The film can be made with several layers carrying discrete packets of medication.
The electrical current can be applied remotely using radio waves or other techniques. Initially, the drug release would likely be controlled from outside the body, for example, by a physician at an office visit, or in the emergency department or by an army medic on the battlefield. The system also has the additional potential to link electrical “pacing” the drug release with embedded internal sensors. This could greatly enhance the utility of such a system. One could program the automatic, controlled release of insulin when blood sugar levels get too high, or the timed release of cancer chemotherapy drugs if a particular tumor marker rises in the bloodstream. A soldier might be implanted with film containing nerve antitoxin, pain medications, and/or antibiotics for immediate release if a catastrophic events in combat (or biological warfare) were encountered.
So far, the researchers have only fabricated passive pharmacies-on-a-chip and demonstrated that they can release test-molecules when an external electrical field is applied. Next, the researchers plan to design complete implants with active electronic components and loaded with real drugs that can be tested on animals in clinical trials. Hammond estimates that it will take at least five years before human trials could begin.
Because the films can be constructed layer by layer, the authors say it is easy to control their composition. Potentially many different drugs could be layered in the film. The film can then be coated onto a surface of any size or shape, which offers more design flexibility than other drug-delivery devices such as those made by microfabrication.
The films are easy to mass-produce using a variety of techniques, said Dr.Hammond. These thin-film systems can be directly applied or patterned onto 3D surfaces such as medical implants as well.
Additional contributors to the research include Daniel Schmidt, a graduate student in chemical engineering, MIT PhD recipient Kris Wood, now a postdoctoral associate at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and Nicole Zacharia, now a postdoctoral associate at the University of Toronto. Stefani Wrightman, a 2006 MIT graduate, and Brian Andaya, a recent graduate of the University of Rochester and summer intern at the MIT Materials Processing Center, are also authors on the paper. The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research and MIT’s Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies.


It is an amalgamation of reasoning, ideology as well as computer innovation. A human being on the other hand has an individuality, habits, attributes, memory etc, which could be horned to a higher level. This explains why breakthroughs in the area of synthetic intelligence are yet to create a device which can replicate the human mind.
A human being has feeling body organs, which acknowledge views, sounds, scents etc that are sent with neurons to the mind at the rate of light. This is the location where robotics and artificial knowledge play their duty. A robot on the other hand uses a pair of electronic cameras in location of the eyes and software application coupled with relocating components like an artificial arm or leg.
Areas of application
1. Chess having fun
Where as in computer simulated games, thousands of relocations are calculated by the computer using brute force method where the most appropriate action is selected. When a human plays chess, it is based on know-how as well as abilities, where as in computer system simulated chess setting, the computer system plays based on calculations. Today, in computer chess study as well as matches of world class gamers versus computers, the emphasis of play has usually shifted to software application regulated chess programs, rather than utilizing committed chess equipment.
2. Speech Recognition
In the 1990s, computer system speech recognition got to a functional degree for restricted objectives. United Airlines has changed its keyboard tree for trip info by a system using speech acknowledgment of trip numbers as well as city names throughout this moment which proved very practical. Speech Recognition is an area where extreme research is taking place. Throughout earlier days of computing, speech recognition was thought about a rigid challenge. Currently with advent of brand-new software and hardware this procedure has actually been simplified. Even the frequently utilized MS-OFFICE suite has built-in attributes that support speech acknowledgment. The software program which transforms speech to text essentially depends on the database which shops frequently used words and its enunciation. This procedure is complex in the sense that the accent may differ from one person to another. Hence before the software can be utilized, it needs to be trained with the customer's means of chatting. As soon as this is done, the user can talk on a microphone attached to the computer system which converts his words right into text. In fact this software can function as an aide when the user wants to determine some text. Dragon software program has emerged as a full solution around. Dragon 'Naturally Speaking' software from 'Nuance' is made use of by millions of people.It can be made use of in workplace, in your home, at college, on road, or perhaps in the operating room. It allows the user to obtain even more done much faster by voice. With Dragon, people can write files and also e-mails, browse the Web, and also even manage their PC entirely by voice, conserving time as well as boosting efficiency. In their most recent testimonial, the editors of PC Magazine kept in mind: "Dragon preserves its lead in the speech recognition field, with unexpected precision in dictation, despite little or no training."
3. Comprehending Natural Language
All-natural language Artificial Intelligence Classes in Pune processing (NLP) is an area of computational grammars concerned with the handling of normally occurring (human) language by computer. Natural-language-generation systems convert information from computer data sources into normal-sounding human language. Natural-language-understanding systems transform samples of human language into even more official representations that are less complicated for computer programs to manipulate.
4. Computer Vision
The world is made up of three-dimensional objects, yet the inputs to the human eye and also computer systems' TELEVISION video cameras are 2 dimensional. A full computer vision calls for partial three-dimensional info that is not just a set of two-dimensional views.
5. Expert Systems
One of the biggest areas of applications of fabricated intelligence is in expert systems, or knowledge based systems as they are commonly recognized. The locations where expert systems are used variety from catastrophe caution systems to clinical diagnostics. When creating a professional system, a 'expertise engineer' meetings professionals in a specific domain name as well as tries to symbolize their understanding in a computer program for lugging out some jobs.
6. Heuristics category
Professional systems have actually been used in a minimal means to show up at an agreement whether a specific individual might be provided a credit report card or not. Specialist systems utilizing such heuristics in banking areas might have supplied an option to this global crisis. Other areas include choice assistance systems, public information systems and so on
Conclusion Overall it can be concluded that Artificial Intelligence applications will certainly play a decisive function in offering live services to numerous problems humans face. A humane touch together with a technological interface will play a major role fit the future.
Where as in computer simulated video games, thousands of relocations are calculated by the computer using brute pressure method where the most ideal relocation is selected. When a human plays chess, it is based on know-how and also abilities, where as in computer system substitute chess setting, the computer system plays based on estimations. Today, in computer chess research and also suits of globe course gamers against computer systems, the focus of play has actually commonly moved to software regulated chess programs, instead than utilizing specialized chess equipment. Natural-language-generation systems convert info from computer databases into normal-sounding human language. Natural-language-understanding systems transform examples of human language right into more official depictions that are much easier for computer system programs to control.


LED Fog Light Bulbs
[ In Stock: 0 pieces ]
Cutting-Edge LED Chip Technology: We challenge you to find another bulb on the market that produces as much light as the S-V.4 while still retaining a perfect beam pattern! The S-V.4 LED fog light bulbs utilize the newest multi-core LED chip styles that feature one long crystal over the entire diode array to create a seamless light output source. Most LED fog light bulbs on the market essentially create 2, 3, 4, or 6 different light sources by stacking 2-6 different chips together in a line. The NLW1860CV2 chips are based on XD14 technology developed by CREE, this custom designed LED chip has no light gap between diodes which gives it a closer function compared to the original filament bulb, thus achieving a greater beam accuracy that works best in any fog light or fog light housing.
Thermal Management: The S-V.4 LED fog light bulbs are built from the highest quality 6063 aluminum material originally designed for aircraft and space craft applications. This material has amazing heat dissipation qualities as well as is 100% corrosion resistant in automotive applications. On the bottom of the heat sink lies a high-speed double ball bearing micro-fan that is fully submersible and waterproof! If the fan stops working, the sophisticated thermal management system inside the bulb will dim the fog light until it is safe to use. Considering that these bulbs can be up to 6x brighter than your original bulbs, even at 50% power, they will still be safe to use on the street in most situations. The heavy duty LED bulb power driver has a built in smart fan circuit that ramps up the speed of the cooling fan as necessary so it's as quiet as possible when it can be.
Compact Design: Most LED fog light bulbs that use a fan-based active cooling system are known for not being small or easy to fit inside fog light housings with a dust cover. The S-V.4 is designed to be as compact as possible. The mounting depth is 20-25mm on most bulb variants, low profile enough to fit even the most demanding of spaces! The heat sink / fan diameter is only 39mm! The LED driver on this bulb is larger than the previous generation, but it is still the right size to fit inside most fog light housings comfortably.
CANBUS Compliant: Do your LED fog light bulbs flicker, pulse, give you errors and warnings on the dash? Do they even work at all?? Chances are your vehicle employs some version of CANBUS or PWM to control the lighting functions. These complex OEM systems rely on the physical readings of your original fog light filament to determine of your bulbs are operating properly. Simply put, when you install an LED fog light bulb, that function sometime determines that the bulb is broken, or missing entirely and will cause the truck to malfunction. Sometimes this means they don't come on at all, other times they flash, and sometimes they will suddenly shut off while you're driving! All of these things are solved by the built in CANBUS integration circuit found already inside the S-V.4 LED driver. Sometimes an extra PWM module may still be necessary, but this bulb is totally plug and play on the vast majority of vehicles on the road today, even brand new models!
Dimming: The S-V.4 bulbs dim less and less bright until they turn off at 8V DC.
DRL: If the DRL function is lower than 8V DC, the bulbs will just not turn on at all. But if they use CANBUS or PWM at 12V DC they will work normally.
CANBUS: Some vehicles use CANBUS function to monitor and control your fog light and fog light bulbs. The S-V.4 has a slightly larger LED driver than normal because the CANBUS anti-flicker and anti-error circuitry is built in! No external components should be needed to install these bulbs with a CANBUS-Equipped vehicle. Easy plug and play installation. 2 year warranty.
Want your fog lights: to shine brighter and further but your current bulbs just aren't cutting it? Want to get rid of that old yellow light tint and give your ride an updated look with a cool white light beam? Look no further! These LED fog light bulbs will cast a precise light beam that will give you increased visibility, a wider viewing angle, and a much longer lifetime over conventional halogen bulbs.
The S-V.4: comes in every popular style to replace any fog light or fog light bulb. Match the bulb number of your original application (example: 9005, 9006, H4, H13, etc...) with the matching S-V.4 LED fog light bulb and replace bulb for bulb. Fits all applications including projectors, and fog lights with dust shield covers.
HR Tested: Here at Headlight Revolution, we spend a lot of time installing and testing the products you'll find for sale. We don't favor any particular brand, so our commitment to you is that we'll deliver the best product for your application, period. To see all of the compatible lighting upgrades for your vehicle, use the Buyer's Guide on our homepage! Be sure to check out the HR YouTube channel for hundreds of helpful install and review videos!
LED Bulbs: 2x (One Pair) H3 S-V.4 LED Bulbs
LED Drivers: 2x S-V.4
Wiring: H3 Plug and Play Inputs
Warranty:2 Years (Click for Details)
Do I need PWM / Anti-Flicker Modules?:
Use in Fog Lights: Unlikely
Low beams that double as Daytime Running Light: Likely
High beams that double as Daytime Running Light: Likely
Vehicle is late model American (Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Ford, GM): Likely
Input Voltage: 8-32V DC
Current: 2.5A @ 14V DC
Light Color: 6000K (Cool White)
Great upgrade from OEM
Great Upgrade from OEM, brighter than some other HID.; great build quality compare and amazing finish
Theses led are of superb
Theses led are of superb quality
Elliott's Precision Tooling
My problem is self inflicted. I wanted these LED bulbs in my aftermarket light housings with the projector lenses. To make this happen I had to cut part of the housing away, install the bulbs and put the cut of parts back in place. I can do that and they work pretty good, much improved over the halogen bulbs. To that I say it took a little effort to install, but I am persistent.
S-V.4 v4 h3
Amazing product. Easy install. Love it!


Atmatrix aims to provide a next-generation blockchain with smart-contract platform and AIaaS. It will make all DApps have good opportunity to get AI capability and service. Atmatrix will make the DBots/DApps ecosystem grow prosperously.
Atmatrix aims to provide a consensus based distributed virtual AI-as-a-Service cloud. With the aid of blockchain economic system, Atmatrix coordinates global AI technologies to build a new world of artificial intelligence.
The first step in sharing AI is how we build a service that connects different AI services through Blockchain and how to build a bridge between the Blockchain smart contract world and the AI world for user benefit.
Atmatrix's second step is to get more AI and smart contract linked to the service, rather than part of the participants or platform in the center, including more open and unlimited access to AI, and more blockchain network so the off-chain platform in the first phase will evolve into a stand-alone blockchain platform, token contract in the first phase will transfer to the independent main blockchain and become to change as the main ATT token. This independent main blockchain network, will include all the different DBot nodes.
Compared with the traditional AI Service, the AI system in Atmatrix is more easy to deploy. Join AtmatrixNetwork is very simple:
ATMaxtrix is an Open Platform that can be extended with Smart Contract to implement interaction and collaboration with other Ethereum-based DApps.
ATMaxtrix's open source features enable third-party developers to build transactionable applications better on Platform. The Platform can support multiple applications.
Decentralization is one of the characteristics of the Atmatrix blockchain. The Atmatrix blockchain develops different modules for different systems and users to simplify the preparation of development and to facilitate the DBots and DApps development.
With the introduction of incentive mechanisms and sharing economy, the Atmatrix blockchain will change the current application market and business model. The Atmatrix DBots and DApps marketplace can include decentralized social network, storage, DNS, and computing services.
Atmatrix provides support for business development by using industry focused consensus mechanism and incorporating regulatory requirements.
Atmatrix also can support many industry application requirements, such as Finance, Logistics, Supply chain, Social and gaming, Charity, Digital assets, Stocks, etc.
For example, an insurance-related contract needs to call the AI to obtain the weather conditions (temperature, disaster probability) of Shanghai next month to help the insurance contract complete the weather-related odds in the region, and follow-up insurance Will be automatically executed according to this odds. Because the Smart Contract is deterministic in every node in a network such as Ethereum, any deterministic errors can result in the failure of the Network Consensus, so that the deterministic Smart Contracts executed by the nodes can not invoke the external service directly. They will receive external AI information and data by performing a collection of information from the Account elected by Smart Contract on the chain and performing the Off-chain Consensus process. Smart Contract will have the high timeliness and reliability of external information due to the bridge provided by Atmatrix to AI Service.
Aragon Network proposed a Decentralized judicial arbitration mechanism based on Smart Contract. This case will be further refined on this basis to provide more efficient, efficient and fair and transparent support to Judent in Decentralized Judicial Arbitration. From the two aspects, the use of AI more efficient fact data and evidence to obtain, the use of Off-chain Consensus in the AI data on the basis of more transparent conclusion of the arbitration. AI can completely replace the human may also be controversial, but because the process of human decision making in the black box of the brain, there are a lot of uncertainty and not credible, AI reason they are good at learning and Blockchain Deterministic areas are better than humans, and future decisions by the Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) will most likely be replaced by AI, but before that, Atmatrix's DBot Account can still retain the "judge" role, with classes Aragon Of the system remains compatible, but the judge will be able to be replaced by AI.
Blockchain Network emphasizes certainty, certainty and trust and low risk. AI replacement arbitration judges will bring certainty to enhance the network's trust and reduce system risk.
Atmatrix hopes to provide interoperability between AI Service for this future Atmatrix. When you need to complete a complex AI task, through the operation of other AI Service to work together to complete the most economical and feasible way. In Atmatrix, AI Service interoperability is through Smart Contract and DBot Platform to implement, Register in AtmatrixRegister table Smart Contract in the AI Service has been standardized, other AI Service call only pay a certain fee, can be called The Because Atmatrix is open, without mutual trust and without authorization, AtmatrixNetwork can also be understood as the Network infrastructure and value switching network between the AI Service Provider and User.
Atmatrix Project Starts2016.10
Whitepaper Draft & ReviewRead 2017.06
Completed pre-ICO among angel investors, community KOLs2017.07
Announce detailed ICO scheduleREAD
Atmatrix Foundation was established in Singapore2017.08
Elect board directors, draft and review governance articles of foundation.
4 week ICO of ATT (Atmatrix Token) coinDETAIL 2017.08-2017.09
Phase one development will be on Ethereum, demonstrating EVM based smart contract demo program.DETAIL
First round open testing2017.11
Launch Phase One Software
Second round open testingTBC
Launch Phase Two Software
Years experiences of strategic planning in IT and CT industry. Was responsible for incubator center. Angel investor of several well known blockchain projects. Master degree of Computer Science from SJTU, major in Artificial Intelligence.
AI expert, specialized in natural language processing, has completed a number of AI projects including the contract text semantic understanding and other projects. Formally worked in Microsoft Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Germany DFKI Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Baidu Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Obtained Doctor Degree from Saarland University, Germany, major in Artificial Intelligence.
Chief Architect in Big Data and Architect Intelligence business. As an old hand, he has completed several projects in fintech big data and AI industry. Formally worked in Tencent, specially in data mining and analysis. Master degree from SJTU, major in Artificial Intelligence
Blockchain technology export, one of the core developer of BitShares 1.0 software, EEA China representative, senior developer in Ethereum community. Had successful experience in migrating google V8 engine to Graphene based blockchain project. Has rich exprience in Virtual Machine development, expert in blockchain technology. Graduated from Nanjing University, major in Mathematics.
Blockchain technology expert, full stack developer. Bitcoin enthusiast, involved in development work of various projects since 2011, specialized in graphene based blockchain technology and EVM based smart contract. Graduated from SJTU, major in Internatonal Trade.
8 years experiences of software development in finance & fin-tech industry. Formally worked in Citi Bank, lu.com. Specialized in system analysis / architecture design. Master degree from SJUT, major in Computer Science.
MBA from SFDU, 12 years experiences of strategic planning / investment / industry integration. Led and founded China IoT Industry Alliance and community. Has rich experiences of eco system building in IT and CT industry.
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Ph.D. in investment economics. Long term engagement in financial research for Shanghai Decision Making Advisory Board, focusing on financial technology, blockchain, artificial intelligence development
Has been responsible for a variety of event planning, organized diversified line of onsite events to help achieve marketing campaign goal. Specialized in promotion execution of internet KOL and e-sports events, has rich experiences in marketing management. Graduated from Shanghai Normal University, major in management.
Marketing manager for several internet projects. Has rich experiences in marketing, product management. Management bachelor degree from Nanjing University
Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Sciences in the Developing Countries, IEEE Fellow of the International Society of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Professor, Famous software expert and scholar, Open Source Software Community advocate
Vice President of China Society of Artificial Intelligence, Vice Chairman of China Chinese Information Society, Vice President of China Software Industry Association; Natural Language Processing and Machine Translation experts and scholars, artificial intelligence community advocates
Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language experts and scholars, Deputy Director of Sino-German Joint Laboratory of Language and Technology. Main research areas include emotion mining, machine learning, natural language generation, machine translation, information indexing
Founder of xiaoi.com (Xiao i Robot)
Blockchain expert, Deputy Secretary of Blockchain Forum of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Co-founder and COO of Ahaschool, Master degree of Computer Sciences from SJTU. 18 years experiences in internet startup, strategic planning, operation, product management, technology areas.
Co-founder and CTO of Seattle based Sky Science and Technology, white hat hacker. In his nearly 15 years of career, Li Song is committed to the study of large-scale software and internet systems, including compilers, virtual machines, global-scale web services


Asus Zenbook 13 oled price in Nigeria (UM325UA), best Specs and Review
Display size: 13.3-inch
Display resolution: 1920x1080 pixels
Processor: AMD Ryzen 5000 Series Ryzen 5 5500U
Operating system: Windows 10
Hard disk: Absent
SSD: 512GB SSD
Graphics: Nvidia Geforce MX250
Battery: 67 WHr
|Model||ZenBook 13 OLED|
|Announced date||30 March, 2021|
|Dimensions||203.00 x 304.00 x 13.90 (mm)|
|Build||Plastic and metal|
|Type||OLED HDR NanoEdge display|
|Display pixel Density||166 ppi and 60hz refresh rate|
|Display Features||Glossy coating|
|Type||AMD Ryzen 5000 Series Ryzen 5 5500U, windows 10|
|Graphic Processor||Nvidia Geforce MX250|
|Hard disk type||SSD|
|Card slot||Yes, SD card Slot|
|Pointing device||Touch pad|
|Keyboard type||Edge to edge design|
|SD Card Reader||Present|
PRICES AND AVAILABILITY
In this Overview, I will analyze the Asus Zenbook 13 oled price in Nigeria. But before that I will be dropping an overview or brief review of this product Asus Zenbook 13 oled (UM325UA).
Body Design of Asus Zenbook 13 oled
The Asus Zenbook 13 is a powerful laptop that comes with a beautiful design. It has a sleek and rugged design that is perfect for anyone who wants a powerful laptop that is stylish. The laptop has a 13.3-inch display that is perfect for anyone who wants a big screen to work on. The laptop also comes with a powerful processor and a large amount of memory.
The laptop is perfect for anyone who wants a powerful laptop that is easy to use. It has a Windows 10 Operating System that is easy to use and perfect for anyone who wants a powerful laptop that is reliable. The laptop also comes with a beautiful design that is perfect for anyone who wants a powerful laptop that is stylish.
ZenBook 13 oled (UM325UA) Display
Asus Zenbook 13 oled UM325UA is a high-end laptop with a great display. The laptop has an IPS panel with a resolution of 1920×1080 pixels pixels. The viewing angles are great and the colors are accurate. The brightness is also good. The colors are very true to life and the blacks are very dark. The viewing angles are excellent. The colors are also very true to life and the blacks are very dark. The brightness is also good.
This new Zenbook 13 laptop with an oled display can refresh at 120Hz. This is a huge step up from their previous displays that only refreshed at 60Hz. This new display offers smoother gaming, videos and pictures, and overall improved viewing experience. It also has a thinner bezel around the screen making it more portable and attractive.
Overall, this is a great display option for anyone looking for a high-end laptop with a great viewing experience.
Hardware and software performance
Asus Zenbook 13 with an Intel Core i7-8550U Processor (1.80GHz) and up to 16GB of DDR4 memory offers great performance for professional use. The 1TB hard drive provides ample storage for your photos, videos, and other files. The Asus Zenbook 13 oled is a very beautiful laptop with a very powerful graphic card not only the it comes with an Intel Core i7-8550U Processor, 16GB RAM and a 512GB SSD.
Talking about speed and task handling of this laptop, The Asus Zenbook 13 with its 13.3-inch Oled display is the perfect size for on-the-go productivity. Powered by a 7th Gen Intel Core i5-7200U processor and 8GB of memory, this laptop is ready to handle whatever you throw at it. With a 512GB PCIe solid.
Asus Zenbook 13 oled UM325UA battery is one of the latest models with a 67 WHr capacity and 65 W battery adapter . The laptop also has a 512GB PCIe NVMe SSD and a Harman Kardon audio system. The battery has a run time of up to 9 hours.
Asus Zenbook 13 oled price in Nigeria.
When talking about the Asus Zenbook 13 price in Nigeria, it is not constant as I always say in my gadget price analysis but I will give you a range it should fall into no matter your location in Nigeria.
The Asus Zenbook 13 oled UM325UA price in Nigeria is within NGN 550,000 – N600,000. But as I always say that you will get the laptop for a the lower price if you are living in urban part of Nigeria like Kano, Lagos State ( ikeja ) , Enugu, Porthacourt, Abuja, Aba and Onitsha.
If you need to purchase this laptop on any e-commerce site ranging from Jumia, konga, Amazon, Aliexpress, Lazada and so on, it is wise to check out our promo page for any available discount or coupon code to reduce the price.


An open device for citizen light pollution monitoring
The Free Dark Sky Meter is a low-cost photometer for measuring the brightness of the natural night sky. It has been designed based on open hardware and software, with several connectivity options and the ability of geopositioning data.
Easy to build…
You can help us in the fight against light pollution by building your own FreeDSM. By using open hardware, all the necessary hardware is sold in specialized stores at a low cost, so it is very easy to build. You just have to follow the steps indicated in the following link.
…and easy to use
All data measured by the FreeDSM is stored on an open platform in the cloud. So if you want to take a look at the state of light pollution in your area, or simply use the data collected, do not hesitate to consult the interactive map at the following link!


Standard atomistic simulation methods such as Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics have become increasingly powerful as algorithms have improved and computers become faster. However, the accessible length and time scales of these methods in their basic forms are still firmly grounded at the nanoscale. As a result, there has been much effort aimed at the development of coarse-grained methods in which some of the system details are removed leading to a more efficient simulation but one in which some of the information is lost. Key question in coarse-gaining include:
1. How can degrees-of-freedom be removed from the problem representation without affecting the prediction of desired properties?
2. What is the Hamiltonian (i.e. the underlying function that describes the system energy as a function of atomic coordinates) of the coarse-grained system and how can it be derived from the fully resolved atomic system?
In this project, we are developing an on-lattice, coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation method in which the only input is an inter-particle potential function used in standard full-resolution simulations (e.g. Lennard-Jones potential). Here, the overall simulation domain is subdivided into an array of sub-volumes, or cells, each of which represent a fixed region of space and can contain a variable number of particles. The figure below shows the overall nature of the coarse-graining transformation. In the fully-resolved system (left side panels), a fixed number of particles in a single cell can assume an essentially infinite number of configurations in continuous space, but after coarse-graining, only the number of particles in the cell is retained (right side panels). As a result, the number of degrees-of-freedom is dramatically reduced. The essence of the method is then to find a potential function such that the energy change resulting from moves on the coarse-grained system (i.e. moving particles from cell to cell) can be directly informed by the original inter-particle potential function.
Example coarse-grained simulation results are shown in the figure below. The top row shows three equilibrium configurations from fully-resolved Lennard-Jones (LJ)Monte Carlosimulations of a vapor-liquid system. Each of these simulations was initiated with a homogeneous distribution of LJ atoms at a fixed density. All three densities correspond to a liquid-vapor mixture at (or at least near) equilibrium, although the liquid fraction increases from left to right. The lower row shows the same three simulations using coarse-grainedMonte Carlo. The color of each cell indicates the number of particles – blue corresponds to low particle density, yellow/orange to medium, and red to high. The overall vapor and liquid phase densities are in excellent agreement with the fully resolved predictions; in fact, the entire phase diagram can be reproduced. Note that the coarse-grained simulation cells effectively contain several million atoms and reach equilibrium in a fraction of the time that the (much smaller) fully resolved calculations do.
(Project is in collaboration with Prof. W. D. Seider at the University of Pennsylvania.)


The Teletrack BX1, manufactured by Digital Matter as the Oyster 2, is one of the best battery trackers on the market. It allows you to simply insert 3 AA lithium batteries to provide an exceptionally long lifetime. The compact BX1 provides long-term asset tracking with high precision in any weather conditions. Tracking insights extend to battery life monitoring, as well as detecting movement-based tracking with an ‘accelerometer’ feature.
The Teletrack RX1 is the most versatile unit we offer. It maintains an important balance between functionality, robustness, and price. This heavy-duty, rugged, and feature-rich tracker is made to withstand the harshest weather conditions, with high-precision. The insights provided by the RX1 extend even to accident and rollover detection, speeding, harsh braking, and other inappropriate usages.
The Teletrack VX1 is a specialised device with the ability to read SAE standard fault codes on the J1939 protocol found on trucks and machinery. The VX1 also features an external antenna.
The Teletrack VX2 is a tracker with some of the most advanced functionality on offer. It has the ability to restrict access, to connect to secondary battery bluetooth trackers for nearby assets and attachments, more inputs for advanced applications, as well as driver ID functionality using 1-Wire (iButtons) and Weigand (keypads/RFID). These features give the VX2 an extra edge.
Pricing varies depending on number trackers
P: +61 02 8279 2727E: [email protected]A: Office 1, Suite 45, 330 Wattle Street, Ultimo, NSW 2007
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Mobile Field Data Collection
In many cases, land administration systems require considerable amounts of data capture or migration which, because of its very nature, demands very high accuracy and faithful reproduction of the actual situation on the ground. Hence, we have built several systems and applications, which ensure efficient data management collection and, most importantly, ensure highest quality of results;
- On-line desktop multi-user data collection and management system - based on the Cloud infrastructure, this will support centralized and harmonized management of data and digitization of data based on aerial and satellite imagery.
- Mobile based Field Data Collection (FDC) system - based on Android OS, this system will connect to the data management system (above) and support allocation of tasks (packages) amongst surveyors, guided data entry and seamless transfer of data. On-entry data validation and post-processing quality assurance procedures ensure not only that errors are found and eliminated, but also that workflow processes are improved to prevent further errors.
Watch the video below to see how the FDC system works:
Main features of the system are:
- mapping functionality, carrying high-resolution imagery and vector data of streets and buildings, to help with navigation
- editing of spatial features to support digitization of new building outlines, schemes etc.
- synchronization of pre-populated data to/from mobile devices for off-line use (including spatial data e.g. raster maps and vector graphics)
- geo-specific based triggers to assure locational quality
- GPS-assisted measurements of field boundaries
- use of all available location sensors for data acquisition (GPS position, bearing, incline)
- support of Bluetooth-connected devices (e.g. external GPS units, portable printers)
- forms embedded with photographs, sounds and locations taken from device sensors


Technologies offered by NPE
NPE specializes in providing enabling technology to companies that offer sensor based solutions. Clients are offered many options to help create effective product solutions that extend from engineering design services to technology enabled products.
Low Powered Wireless (BLE, ANT)
NPE has many years of experience implementing low powered BLE and ANT enabled technologies for communication with mobile and web applications. These communication protocols are useful for low rate sensing applications and offloading device configuration and control to a mobile application.
Agricultural Communication (ISOBUS)
ISOBUS or ISO 11783 is a communication protocol used for devices that communicate with agricultural equipment. This protocol is sent over the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. Implementing this standard can allow a device to be controlled remotely with a display in a tractor or retrieve data from the tractor for monitoring and operation.


In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Principle of MHD Power Generation 2. Advantages and Limitations of MHD Power Generation 3. Voltage and Power Output.
Principle of MHD Power Generation:
The magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation is one of the examples of a new unique method of power generation and provides a way of generating electrical energy directly from a fast moving stream of ionized gases without the need for any moving mechanical parts—no turbines and no rotary generators.
The basic principle of MHD generation is the same as that of a conventional electrical generator i.e., the motion of a conductor through a magnetic field induces an emf in it— called the Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. In conventional steam power plants, the heat released by combustion of fuel is transformed into internal energy of steam. The steam turbine, then, converts steam energy into mechanical energy used in driving a generator.
Thus, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. The repeated conversion of various forms of energy involves losses and, therefore, the overall efficiency of thermal power plants is inherently very low. In MHD technology, electrical energy is directly generated from the hot gases produced by the combustion of fuel without mechanical moving parts.
In an MHD generator, electrically conducting gas at a very high temperature is passed at very high velocity through a strong magnetic field at right angle to the direction of its flow, thereby generating electrical energy. The electrical energy is then collected from stationary electrodes placed on the opposite sides of channel. The current so obtained is direct current which can be converted into an ac by an inverter.
Ionized gas can be produced by heating it to a high temperature. On heating of a gas, the outer electrons escape out from its atoms or molecules. The particles acquire an electric charge and the gases passes into the state of plasma. However, to achieve thermal ionization of products of combustion of fossil fuels or inert gases, extremely high temperatures are necessary.
Air becomes highly ionized at temperature of 5,000° to 6,000°C. To have a reasonable value of electrical conductivity of gases at temperatures around 2,000 to 3,000 K by reasonable ionization, the gases are seeded with additives of easily ionizing materials (alkali metals) such as cesium or potassium.
MHD system may be an open cycle system or a closed cycle system. In an open cycle system, the working fluid after doing useful work (generating electrical energy) is discharged to the atmosphere through a stack while in a closed cycle system the working fluid is recycled to the heat source and thus used again and again.
The operation of MHD generators directly on combustion products is an open cycle system using air as working fluid. In closed cycle systems gases used on the working fluid are helium or argon.
The use of a nuclear reactor employing solid fuel elements to supply heat energy for an MHD process needs that the working fluid should have the following properties:
(i) It should be capable of providing heat transfer under reactor working conditions.
(ii) It should not require excessive compressor work.
(iii) It should not be rendered active within the reactor.
Almost all of the above three requirements are fulfilled by helium.
Advantages and Limitations of MHD Power Generation:
MHD power generation offers several advantages over other conventional methods of power generation.
Some of these are given below:
(i) Since high temperatures are involved, operation efficiency is high. MHD system is normally designed to be a topping power system to a conventional steam power plant. At present, the conversion efficiency of an MHD system is around 50% which can be increased to 60% with the improvements in experience and technology.
(ii) No moving part, so more reliable.
(iii) Conceptually such generators are much simpler.
(iv) As there is no limitation to the size of the duct, so high capacity generators are possible.
(v) The walls can be cooled below temperature of working gas.
(vi) Direct conversion of heat into electrical energy results in elimination of the gas turbine (compared with a gas turbine power plant) and both the boiler and the turbine (compared with a conventional steam power plant) and thus in reduction of energy losses.
(vii) Ability of reaching the full power level instantly.
(viii) The more efficient heat utilisation reduces the amount of heat discharged to environments and thus the cooling water requirements are reduced.
(ix) The MHD process is industrially attractive because of the reduced cooling water requirements and atmospheric pollution.
(x) MHD power generation process is applicable to all kinds of heat sources such as oil, coal, gas, nuclear, solar and thermonuclear fusion.
(xi) MHD power generation offers the flexibility of operation in different modes such as base load, peak load or semi-peak load.
(xii) The capital costs of the MHD plants are estimated to be competitive with those of coal fired steam power plants.
(xiii) The overall costs of the MHD power generation are also estimated to be lower (roughly 20%) than those of conventional power plants. This is because of higher efficiency of MHD power generation.
(xiv) The reduced fuel consumption that is obtained because of higher efficiency or better fuel utilisation, offer additional economic and social benefits and also lead to conservation of energy sources.
Inspite of numerous inherent advantages the MHD system has not been accepted commercially because of the following limitations:
1. The efficiencies attained so far have been relatively low.
2. The power output of MHD generator is proportional to the square of the magnetic field density. The electromagnets need very large power for creating strong magnetic fields. The MHD technology is waiting for development of superconducting materials which will need very little power even at ambient temperatures.
3. The combustor, MHD duct, electrodes, and air preheaters are exposed to very corrosive combustion gases at very high temperatures. So, the life of these equipments has been reduced.
4. The ash (or slag) residue from the burning coal is carried over with the combustion gases and tends to cause erosion of exposed surfaces. However, deposition of the slag on such surfaces may also provide some protection.
5. There is a serious problem of separation of seed material from the fly ash and reconversion of potassium sulphate to potassium carbonate.
6. Special fuel gas and preheating of air are required to provide adequate working fluid temperatures.
7. There are serious problems associated with the fabrication of MHD duct, high temperature and high pressure heat exchangers and reactors.
Development of MHD programmes has been undertaken by different countries during the last two decades. In India also considerable studies have been carried out in this field by a team of scientists under the National Council of Science and Technology (NCST).
The Department of Science and Technology of Govt., of India has sponsored research and development programmes on coal based MHD power generation. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in collaboration with Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd and Institute of High Temperature (USSR) is also executing Research and Development programmes in this field.
The specifications of a Japanese pilot plant (Tokyo) are given below:
Thermal Input : 24 MW
Electrical Input : 1 MW
Mass Flow of Gas : 2.8 kg/s
Flow Velocity : 900 m/s
Duct Length : 1.2m
Inlet : 8 x 10 cm
Output : 8 x 25 cm
Electrodes : 30 pairs
Inlet Pressure : 4 bar
Magnetic Flux Density : 3.5 T (Wb/m2)
Material for Electrodes : Graphite, Water Cooled Copper
Russia has been the pioneer of this new technology. The world’s first U-02 MHD unit was designed by the Russian scientists and power engineers in 1964.
Under intergovernmental agreement, Indian scientists from BARC and power engineers from BHEL worked on a pilot plant of MHD of 5 MW capacity with close interaction with the scientists of the High Temperature Science Institute of Moscow. The pilot plant was set up at BHEL, Trichy.
BARC has developed special magnet MHD duct and power tap-off system. BHEL was responsible for the development and installation of fuel gas generator, oxygen plant, water treatment plant, high temperature regeneration air heaters and valves, the main combustion chamber, nozzles as well as seed injection and seed recovery system.
The main specifications of the pilot plant are as below:
Thermal Input I Stage : 5 MW
II Stage : 15 MW
Gas Temperature : 2,600° C
Flux Density : 3 T (Wb/m2)
Seeding Agent : Potassium Carbonate
Electrodes : Water Cooled Copper
Besides the use of MHD system for commercial electrical power generation, it has got other special uses. A major effort was made in USA to use MHD as the conversion system in a nuclear electrical system for space crafts. MHD conversion has also been considered for ship propulsion, airborne applications, and hypersonic wind tunnel experiments and for many other defence applications.
Voltage and Power Output of MHD Generator:
Lorenz law describing the effects of a charged particle moving in a constant magnetic field can be stated as:
F = QvB …(7.2)
Where F is the force acting on the charged particle, Q is charge of particle, v is velocity of particle and B is magnetic field.
The force on a charged particle moving in an electric field as well as magnetic field will be given as:
F = Q(E + vB) …(7.3)
Where F, E, v and B are vectors.
The velocity in above equation is vector sum of gas velocity v and particle drift velocity u, so force F may be given as:
F = Q(E + vB + u × B) …(7.4)
= Q(E’ + u × B) …(7.5)
Where E’ = E + vB
Consider Fig. 7.5, the motion of gas is in x direction, magnetic field B is in y direction and force on the particle in z direction. A load resistance RL is connected across the electrodes (plates P1 and P2).
When a current I flows through the load resistance RL, then electric field intensity between the electrodes is given as:
Ez = – V/d …(7.6)
Where d is the distance between the plates.
Total Electric Field E’z = Ez + Bv
= V/d + Bv = 1/d (Bvd – V)….. (7.7)
The electromagnetic field Ez and B acting on the moving gas develops the same force on the ions as electromagnetic field E’z and B develops on a gas with zero average velocity. Obviously the term Bvd provides the internal emf or open-circuit voltage E0 of the MHD power generator i.e.,
E0 = Bvd …(7.8)
If RG is the internal resistance of the generator, then maximum power output will be obtained when RG = RL.
MHD system is reversible process. If load resistance RL is replaced by emf E greater than E0 by shifting the switch from position 1 to position 2, the directions of flow of current and force experienced on the ions will be reversed and the system will accelerate the gas particles because energy would be supplied to gas.
Thus, the ejected gas would be at a higher velocity than the inlet gas. The reaction force experienced on the magnet would tend to push the MHD engine in the negative x direction and thus the electrical energy would be converted into mechanical energy.


Variations in cloud cover and cloud types over the Ocean from surface observations, 1954–2008
Synoptic weather observations from ships throughout the World Ocean have been analyzed to produce a climatology of total cloud cover and the amounts of nine cloud types. About 54 million observations contributed to the climatology, which now covers 55 years from 1954 to 2008. In this work, interannual variations of seasonal cloud amounts are analyzed in 10° grid boxes. Long-term variations O(5–10 yr), coherent across multiple latitude bands, remain present in the updated cloud data. A comparison to coincident data on islands indicates that the coherent variations are probably spurious. An exact cause for this behavior remains elusive. The globally coherent variations are removed from the gridbox time series using a Butterworth filter before further analysis.


What is less clear is why an alien civilisation would build such a thing in the first place. But the researchers speculate that the energy being sent out is driving interstellar light sails, where spacecraft ride along on light waves in the same way a boat moves through the ocean. Whatever is generating the FRBs is powerful enough to push around something weighing a million tons, or about 20 times the biggest cruise ships ever built.
“That’s big enough to carry living passengers across interstellar or even intergalactic distances,” said Lingam.
Perhaps the beam would be able to accelerate the ship to near light speeds which would mean the signal planet is probably not too far away. I wonder if our radio waves would reach their planet in the near future?


The MS GAS is a compact benchtop gas analyzer with mass spectrometry detection designed for complex analysis of gases and volatiles including isotopes, solvents and volatile organics. Modular inlet, highly sensitive mass spectrometer and primarily unique freezing system allows continuous weeks-long operation.
The MS GAS can be used for numerous applications
in biotechnology of plants, alga, yeasts, bacteria and others, in biochemical methods, environmental analyses and many other related fields.
Two types of detectors, Farraday with sensitivity lower than 10 ppm and Continuous secondary electron multiplier (C-SEM) with sensitivity lower than 100 ppb, are available for system. Highly effective vacuum pumping system is presented by the combination of diaphragm backing pump MVP and turbomolecular pump HiPace SplitFlow. Thermostat heating element performs vacuum chamber baking for cleanup from undesirable impurities inside of mass spectrometer. Electronically controlled Stirling cooler ensures highly efficient suppression of water molecules background and significantly enhances ion source lifetime. Moreover the temperature of water trap can be defined by user, which enables to monitor special volatile species. Modular inlet options includes permeable membrane probe, needle inlet and gas dosing valve (manual). Membrane probe inlet allows small levels of the dissolved species to pass through it, this type of inlet is suitable for liquid samples as well as for analysis in gaseous environments. Needle valve inlet is designed for direct measurements of volatiles in gaseous samples. The basic version MS GAS-100 is equiped with high vacuum pressure sensor to determine total pressure in vacuum chamber and with inlet pressure sensor to ensure mass spectrometer protection.
Intuitive setting of device is available via integrated touchscreen including manual mode with possibilities to change temperature of heating/cooling system and to open/close inlet valve, split-flow and safety valve. Original firmware is also enriched with automatic functions of valve opening/closing based on signal from safety pressure sensors after device turn on. Mass spectrometer tuning and acquisition of measured data are performed by software Quadera (models with PrismaPlus RGA) and PV Mass Spec (models with PrismaPro RGA). Both softwares permets user-defined protocol writing for numerous determinations of desired analytes.
MS GAS-100 standard version:
Possible versions of Mass Spectrometer:
|MS GAS – 100 / F||Farraday cup||0 -100 amu|
|MS GAS – 100 / SEM||Farraday cup and C-SEM||0 -100 amu|
|MS GAS – 200 / F||Farraday cup||0 -200 amu|
|MS GAS – 200 / SEM||Farraday cup and C-SEM||0 -200 amu|
|MS GAS – 300 / F||Farraday cup||0 -300 amu|
|MS GAS – 300 / SEM||Farraday cup and C-SEM||0 -300 amu|
Membrane probe kit:
Membrane probe is used for gas sampling in gaseous as well as liquid enviroments. Set contains components for membrane probe completation.
Set for modular inlet preparation:
One set includes special coupling adapters and tubing for preparation of modular inlet.
Special components kit:
Set contains special reductions and spare parts for replacement at inlet part before inlet valve.
Mass Spectrometer MS GAS-100
|MS GAS-100 with Farraday detector||Inquire for price|
|MS GAS-100 with Farraday and Secondary electron multiplier (C-SEM) detector||Inquire for price|
|Gas dosing valve kit||Inquire for price|
|Membrane probe kit||Inquire for price|
|Set for modular inlet preparation||Inquire for price|
|Special components kit||Inquire for price|


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About Delkin Devices
Delkin Devices delivers true Industrial grade NAND flash storage products. BOM control, life-cycle management, operational agility, product customization, and outstanding support for a broad line of storage form factors and flash types are all hallmarks of Delkin standard practices. Headquartered in San Diego, CA, Delkin’s USA-based design, manufacturing, support and business teams work collaboratively with our Distribution Partners and OEMs, supplying the products and services to ensure long term reliable performance and customer satisfaction.
Memory Storage for FPGA Applications and Poll
Storage Insights Blogs
Storage Insights #1 – Why Not all SD Cards are Created Equal
Storage Insights #2 - Optimizing your Storage Device
Storage Insights #3 -Technical Guide for CompactFlash (CF) and Secure Digital (SD) Cards
Storage Insights #4 - NAND Flash Based SSD Drives and the Flash Controller
Storage Insights #5- Guide to Embedded Multimedia Card (eMMC)
Storage Insights #6 - Guide to SATA (Serial ATA)
Storage Insights #7 - SD Card Technology Advantages
Why not all SD cards are Create Equal
Product Families Back to Top
Industrial microSD: The Delkin Industrial microSD Memory Card is a high-endurance NAND flash storage solution for industrial applications that utilizes the Secure Digital interface. Key characteristics such as small size, low power consumption, high reliability, and simplicity of integration make the form factor an ideal fit for many industrial applications with constrained real estate.
Industrial Secure Digital Memory Cards: While SD cards primarily began in 1999 as a storage medium for consumer electronics, key characteristics such as small size, low power consumption, high reliability, and simplicity of integration also make the form factor an ideal fit for many industrial applications with limited real estate for storage.
Industrial CFast: For embedded platforms which have used CompactFlash as a boot drive or other storage medium, and now face a migration from PATA to SATA due to a processor change, Delkin F270 Series CFast is a logical choice for new designs.


What is Electrokinesis
Electrokinesis is the psychic power to manipulate energies, electrical currents, and generate electricity with the mind.
The user can absorb, conduct, generate and manipulate a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons) which give the user control over electric fields, electric charges, electric currents, electronics, and electromagnetism. The other side of the ability is to create and manipulate energies into solid waves or blasts, and thus travel through electrical appliances or outlets.
- Electricity can be insulated by the air.
- Electricity may be redirected by certain materials.
- May be limited only to the path of least resistance.
- May become useless if confronted electrical resistant material such as rubber or silicate.
- May have to find electrical sources of power in order to recharge.
- Some users may have problems using electronics.
- Users may short circuit if hit with water.


home : hot deals & information involving: NewEgg.com Tuesday, May 24, 2022
- RAVPower 6-Port USB Charger for $17
Desktop charger with six USB charging ports for $17.
Can charge up to 5 regular USB devices at full 2.4A power, and reduced power when 6 devices are plugged in.
Most phones, eReaders, wearables, and wireless headphones are compatible with regular USB charging ports.
Some newer devices may require USB-C, which will not work with this charger.
If you are looking for a USB-C charger, we like the RavPower 65W USB-C charger which provides one USB-C power port, and the Freedy 90W Travel Charger which provides two USB-C charging ports (30W and 60W) and two QC 3.0 USB charging ports.
The Freedy can also extend its reach by replacing its power cable with a longer one, useful when traveling to hotels that may have power outlets far from where you need your devices charged.
- $50 Lowe's Gift Card for $45
People who are planning to purchase from Lowe's soon may enjoy $5 off their next purchase.
Buy this gift card for $45 to get $50 store credit.
Delivers by email, and its funds never expire until fully used.
Saturday, April 23, 2022
- Samsung T7 Portable 1TB SSD for $92
$115, and code SSBR2325 applies 20% off.
Backs up data at least twice the speed of a hard drive, when plugged in to a computer's USB-C (USB Type-C) port.
- $500 Southwest Airlines Gift Card for $460
Apply code SSBQ3Z22 in the cart to get this $500 Southwest Airlines gift card for $460.
Delivers by email within 24 hours, and its funds never expire until fully used.
Monday, March 28, 2022
- Seagate Portable 5TB Hard Drive for $90
$105, and code BTEBQB82 applies $15 off.


Cloud services and computing has been around for approximately two decades. Despite the data pointing to the business efficiencies, cost-benefits, and competitive advantages. According to a study by the International Data Group, 69% of businesses are already using this technology in one capacity or another. Interestingly, Dell reports that companies invest in big data, cloud, security enjoy up to 53% faster revenue growth than their competitors. This data shows, an increasing number of tech-savvy businesses and industry leaders are recognizing the many benefits of this trend. But more than that, they are using this technology to more efficiently run their organizations, better serve their customers, and dramatically increase their overall profit margins. The big giant Facebook and Whats-app are the burning examples of this cloud trend.
Below are the features of this on demand cloud services, technology and its applications.
Artificial intelligence enables machines to learn from experience and perform human-like tasks. In popular usage artificial intelligence refers to the ability of a computer or a machine to mimic the capabilities of the human mind. Such as learning from examples, gaining knowledge from experience, responding to language, making decisions and combine these capabilities to perform functions a human might perform.
Such as playing games on computer, driving a car and many more. It has many applications in today’s world. Numerous fields and industries including finance, healthcare, education, transportation and more are using AI to make their jobs easier.
Must Read: 20 Most amazing facts about Computer.
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that systems too can learn from data, identify pattern. This makes decision with minimal human intervention. This technology makes it possible to quickly produce models that can analyze bigger and more complex data. It delivers faster and provide more accurate results, even on a very large scale.
It has surpassed human performance in many challenging tasks like pattern recognition and video games. This technology is getting used in healthcare sector for reports and human brain scan. NLP (Natural Language Processing) and deep learning are the best examples of this technology as a futuristic plan.
Cloud computing is the collection of networks. In today’s era , cloud computing performs a very significant role. It is totally based on internet and has the most powerful architecture of computation. Instead of setting up their own physical infrastructure the users use a mediator provider for the service of the internet in cloud computing.
It’s the best way for the user to save money as it provides quick and huge hardware and software facilities. Nowadays many major companies including Netflix, Microsoft, Google, Amazon prime are using Cloud computing technology in every aspect. Netflix videos, Google images, Google drive are some of the examples of cloud computing platforms.


Both cumulative and advanced electricity meters require about the same amount of power to operate.
The deployment of the advanced electricity meters will depend on a variety of factors including the age of existing meters, development plans in the area and meter deployment efficiency.
Most residential premises today use cumulative meters to measure electricity consumption. Cumulative meters are read once every two months when SP Group sends a meter reader to your premises to record your electricity usage. On the month when your meter is not read, SP Group will estimate the month's consumption based on a methodology approved by the Energy Market Authority.
Advanced electricity meters allow electricity consumption to be measured at half-hourly intervals and you can track your consumption via the SP Utilities mobile app. With these meters, you will also have the option* to be billed based on your actual consumption, instead of estimated consumption, on alternate months.
Advanced electricity meters allow households to have ready access to their electricity consumption information at half-hourly intervals via the SP Utilities mobile app. Households can then monitor their consumption habits and take action to reduce their consumption and be more energy efficient.
All 1.4 million household accounts in Singapore can expect to have advanced electricity meters installed at their premises by 2024. This timeline takes into account the time and effort required to schedule the meter replacement for every household and when existing meters reach their end of life.


Sure, we all love our devices. We keep in touch via text and find our way with GPS. But when your battery dies, you're lost. Don't worry! Scientists and engineers are on the case, tackling one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century: how do we power all our new technologies?
A Better Battery: How are scientists addressing the need for increasingly powerful, long-lasting, and safe batteries? These Common Core-aligned differentiated lessons combine chemistry, physics, and engineering to teach students about multiple new approaches to powering technology and also give students an opportunity to analyze how authors structure their arguments for and against different approaches. View lessons >>


The Smart Grader quite literally brings potatoes into sharper focus. The modern machine, a fully automated optical sorter, uses cameras to ensure accuracy, efficiency and objectivity. This comprehensive data gathering means the technology also offers opportunities for further innovation. HZPC therefore uses the Smart Grader for determining stock and evaluating promising new varieties.
The technology ensures that measurements and sorting is executed with a margin of error of just one tenth of a millimetre
At HZPC's quality centre in Emmeloord, the Smart Grader sorts sample batches from hundreds of Dutch seed potato growers objectively according to size, shape and number of tubers. This used to take place manually and on a random basis, but now technology ensures that measurements and sorting is executed with a margin of error of just one tenth of a millimetre. "We combine the Smart Grader with an additional production line where we first clean the potatoes", explains quality specialist Peter Verschure. "The camera technology in the Smart Grader then works most effectively."
In theory, the Smart Grader is able to detect fungal disorders such as black scurf; in practice, for the time being, it simply flags up deviations such as splits or green spots. "This technology works best when sorting large batches", adds Verschure. "Here in the quality centre, we sort small samples of an average of twenty-five kilos and it is not practical to adjust the computer settings on the computer every few minutes. The software is being constantly refined so I hope we will have greater flexibility in working with critical parameters in the future. Because we would also like to know why the defective potatoes don't make the grade."
Potatoes are rotated on the Smart Grader. The potatoes are thus viewed from practically every angle and the built-in cameras take around twenty photos per item. On the basis of the data generated, the computer can create a 3D model of every potato and determine dimensioning as well as the external qualities. "Weight is also accurately measured", explains Verschure. "However, we have also linked scales to the Smart Graders as our growers are paid on the basis of kilos and want to be sure the computer weight is correct. This shows how technology in the sector requires different ideas and approaches."
Looking to the future
The quality lab is, in fact, ahead of the curve when it comes to the Smart Grader. "Because of the fact that most growers work with a more robust shock-sorter, we know that the sorting sizes in practice deviate slightly from the absolute square sizes measured by the Smart Grader. HZPC can take this accuracy difference into account when determining stock", stresses Verschure. But there are growers who use the Smart Grader too. "It represents the future because the technology means you require fewer personnel, while the sorting process can go ahead uninterrupted. And it's always rational and accurate. This results in a top quality and homogeneous end product. In addition, the data gathered during sampling can offer valuable insights into the growing process."
“At our R&D location in
Metslawier, we process
pre-harvest samples on
the Smart Grader in order
to examine the benefits
of new varieties”
New dimension in research
HZPC Research puts added value of the optical data gathering to good use. "At our R&D location in Metslawier, we process pre-harvest samples on the Smart Grader in order to examine the benefits of new varieties", explains Pieter Jelte Lindenbergh. "Previously, uniformity, colour and shape were determined by eye and the variety specialists then provided a score. The Smart Grader enables us to measure these areas much more objectively and we are also trying to set more characteristics. Thanks to the 3D data, we can already virtually determine how many chips you can cut from a particular potato. Combined with the Soley technology, which objectively assesses the cooked colour of chips, we thus have more data that offers us a good overview of the qualities and options of a new variety."


Black and yellow dating
Unfortunately there are no affordable direct methods for dating pigments, except in some cases as we will see later.
Generally, for example, we can’t establish when a vermilion stroke was brushed onto a painting, but we can date most of the materials that the pigments are painted on.
When collecting samples for thermoluminescence dating, several samples from different vessels should be taken, not smaller than 1 gram.
Samples should not be exposed to heat and powdery examples should not be exposed to bright light.
Electron trapping Energy absorbed from ionizing radiation frees electrons to move through the crystal lattice, where some are trapped at imperfections.
Later heating releases the trapped electrons, producing light whose intensity is proportional to the amount of radiation absorbed.
A sample of the earth also needs to be collected so environmental radiation can be tested.
Eventually, we will follow this formula to found out how many years old the sample is: Age (year) = accumulated dose / dose rate per year Thermoluminescence dating can be performed only in a specialized laboratory which will have a chemical section for the treatment of the samples with reagents and a radiation hazard restricted area.
Natural radioactivity causes latent thermoluminescence to build up so the older an object is, the more light is produced.
Therefore, thermoluminescence dating is actually determining the last time a crystal was heated and electrons were released.
Indeed, the figure shows an automatic instrumentation which allows measurement of thermoluminescence light from samples and also the determination of the dose rate per year.
This last procedure involves the use of a radioactive source, though very weak.


The Remuneration Challenge: New Solutions for the Regulation of Electricity Distribution Utilities Under High Penetrations of Distributed Energy Resources and Smart Grid Technologies
Jesse D. Jenkins and Ignacio Pérez-Arriaga
Ongoing changes in the delivery of electricity services and the use and management of electricity distribution systems—including the proliferation of distributed energy resources, smart grid technologies (i.e., advanced power electronics and information and communication technologies) and active system management techniques—present new challenges for the economic regulation of electricity distribution utilities. In particular, regulators are likely to face increased uncertainty regarding the evolution of network uses and the efficient cost of network investments and maintenance, as well as an increased informational disadvantage vis‐à‐vis the regulated utility. These challenges are important for both cost of service (or rate of return) regulation and incentive regulation approaches (also known as revenue or price cap regulation, RPI-X, performance-based regulation, or output-based regulation). This paper proposes a novel process for establishing the allowed revenues of an electricity distribution utility and demonstrates its application as a practical solution to the imminent regulatory challenges discussed above. The proposed method is a new combination of three established regulatory tools: an engineering-based reference network model (RNM) for forward-looking benchmarking of efficient network expenditures; an incentive compatible menu of contracts to elicit accurate forecasts from the utility and establish profit-sharing incentives for cost saving efficiency efforts; and ex post automatic adjustment mechanisms, or “delta factors,” to accommodate uncertainty in the evolution of network use and minimize forecast error. Simulation of a realistic, large-scale urban distribution network is used to demonstrate, step-by-step, the practical implementation of this novel regulatory process and illustrate the advantages for the economic regulation of electricity distribution utilities under increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and smart grid technologies.
Keywords: Economic Regulation, Electricity Distribution, Network Utilities, Monopoly Regulation, Remuneration, Menu of Contracts, Reference Network Model