What are e-textiles, how do they work and what are they for?
Understanding E-Textiles/Smart Textiles
What are E-Textiles?
Also known as smart textiles, e-textiles are fabrics that contain integrated technology. Such technology is electrical in nature, hence the name e-textiles. The birth of e-textiles has given rise to the concepts of wearable tech, that is, the generation of wearable tech after smartwatches. Technology that is woven through garments or otherwise to attached to it.
They are specially designed fabrics with components of an electronic nature woven into them in a specific way. Simply sticking a device onto a sweater doesn’t count as e-textiles. It needs to be integrated into the garment.
There are several different conceptual types of e-textiles. Garments that contain actual computing power and that can generate sound, light, or be used as a CPU are all being discussed within the market. You can also add battery power to textiles so you can end up wearing your phone battery, essentially allowing you to charge a phone using your t-shirt or other garment.
The industry as a whole and the wide range of concepts allow us to imagine a world where we can do so much more. Healthcare monitors, information, light, and battery power can be on our bodies wherever we go.
What Are Smart Materials in Textiles?
Smart materials are materials that can respond to their environment. The technology behind them varies greatly depending on the purpose, but the main smart textiles are designed with biomimicry or sensor technology in mind.
The definition of a smart material in the world of textiles is “any material designed and made to respond to environmental changes on its own”. They don’t require any input or intervention, they sense a specific stimulus and then perform an action.
Common types of smart materials include dyes that can change color based on the temperature and moisture-wick sports clothing. Photosensitive sensors or chemicals can be placed into clothing, allowing it to light up when exposed to certain stimuli.
There are many other different types of smart materials, with an endless list of potential benefits and applications within a wide range of sectors.
Smart materials do include e-textiles, as e-textiles are a specific branch of smart fabrics, but not all smart materials are e-textiles. Smart textiles usually don’t include any electronic devices and don’t have the circuits to produce energy. They are designed to react to something in a specific way.
How Are Smart Textiles Made?
There’s a lot of experimentation involved in making smart textiles. The industry itself is relatively new and innovations are made through experimenting with what works best.
The process behind making smart textiles begins the same way as any other product. The market is looked at to see if there’s a gap that can be filled, if there’s something that can be useful to a particular person or market.
The textile is then designed. First, a concept needs to be designed, meaning that the team behind it need to think about what they want the textile to do. Next, they need to decide how it’s going to do that.
Most smart textiles are made with sensors in them, or are designed to emulate nature in some way. The secret behind how they’re made is usually in the mathematical proofs that determine where to place sensors and other technology. The technology is usually designed separately with tandem use in mind.
Manufactured in specialist labs, smart textiles are then tested to ensure they do what they’re supposed to and that each component is safe. Due to the nature of them being a lot more than just normal textiles, the process can be lengthy.
What Are Smart Fabrics?
Smart fabrics are fabrics that are designed to respond in a certain way when certain conditions are met. The key defining factor of a smart fabric is that it can sense things, then process and react in a certain way.
Smart fabrics include a whole host of different technologies and are considered to be the future of fashion. They can be performance-enhancing, fashion-forward, communication-based, and can change color or temperature.
The possibilities are endless. A lot of smart fabrics emulate the animal kingdom, with moisture-wick technology designed to be similar to shark skin.
What Are The Different Types of Smart Fabrics?
There are several different types of smart fabrics. One of the most popular and well-known is fiber technology types. Fiber technology is a specially formulated and created fiber that reacts to certain stimuli and reacts. Classic examples are sportswear with moisture-wick technology and fabrics that can react to temperature by changing color.
Aside from the fiber itself, smart materials can contain sensors and technology that’s integrated into the material. Such things can be woven into the fibers.
AI, communication, nanotechnology, and chemistry can all be part of different types of smart fabrics. A common example is healthcare monitoring textiles that can read heart rate, blood pressure, and other statistics.
There are also performance-enhancing smart fabrics, information-gathering smart fabrics, and fabrics that are purely for aesthetic purposes (such as fabrics that light up).
Uses of E-Textiles/Smart Textiles
What Are The Applications of Smart Textiles?
Some of the most popular potential applications of smart textiles are in the medical sector. Smart textiles can be used to monitor respiratory rate and heartbeat, as well as for the delivery of treatments such as insulin or other medications.
Other applications include performance-enhancing textiles within the sports community, protective textiles for military applications, and everyday communications. They can also monitor activity levels and work like a health tracker.
How Are Smart Textiles Used in Healthcare?
The fact that e-textiles have the ability to track and submit signals, as well as the ability to perform actions based on stimuli, means that the healthcare sector has several applications for its use.
They can be used to measure cardiovascular output, breathing rates, and neurological functions, making them excellent diagnostic and research tools. They can also be used as preventative measures against certain events. We can measure 30 biological functions with e-textiles at present, all of which allow us to predict seizures, migraines, or heart attacks.
The healthcare sector can use e-textiles to prevent the need for as many doctors appointments as there currently are. This can be done by utilizing diagnostic sensors woven into the fabric. E-textiles can also let patients or nurses know when there’s a potential problem, such as when a person is dehydrated, is in distress, or needs an insulin injection.
The main applications at present are research and prevention, as well as warning. Tracking and full diagnostic ability are sure to come in the future.
Thoughts on E-Textiles/Smart Textiles
What Are The Advantages of E-Textiles?
The advantages of e-textiles are endless. From the convenience of having wearable technology that doesn’t require your input to do something, to the medical applications that could save lives.
E-textiles also have many advantages over classic wristband style fitness trackers. The data they collect is more accurate as the sensors often have direct contact with the skin. They can also detect and track stride lengths, breathing rate, heart rate, muscle mass, muscle oxygenation, muscle activity, and many other factors that traditional trackers either can’t track or don’t track accurately.
Smart clothing and e-textiles can also be used for communication between staff members within certain sectors. Medical, construction and other sectors would benefit from the instant communication offered by e-textiles. This new form of communication could increase safety and productivity.
E-textiles can also be more comfortable to wear than traditional clothing and offer functions that make consumers’ lives easier. From integrating smart home technology to control temperature, lights, music and other technologies. It would automatically save time, increase productivity, and generally increase happiness levels.
They can also keep us healthier and allow us to live longer, happier lives. From moisture-wicking, fitness tracking, medical application and treatment of minor burns and abrasions, to the UV protection and smart technology that allows us to control our environment automatically, they’ve all been designed to fulfill a need.
What Are The Disadvantages E-Textiles?
With any product comes a list of both pros and cons. As well as a whole host of advantages, e-textiles do also have some disadvantages that should be considered.
First of all, it’s complex. The way technologies are woven into the fabric, the way they’re designed and manufactured, and the way in which the intricacies of layers need to be applied. It’s a difficult thing to wrap your head around, but it’s not just about understanding it. The actual process of testing and creating e-textiles requires a lot of time. The complexities of how they need to be designed to fulfill the purpose they were made for can mean that companies can spend years or decades developing just one product, and it may not even work as they had hoped.
The next disadvantage is the cost. Traditional clothing can be made and sold relatively cheaply, especially synthetic fibers. However, the technologies that are being placed into the fabrics, including electrical systems, have to be done in a very specific way. Manufacturing the final product can cost a lot more than you might expect. It can cost hundreds of dollars, if not thousands.
The cost isn’t just about physically making it and putting it together; the man hours and research required all bulk up the cost. Testing, failures, and safety requirements can also make it more expensive than expected.
E-Textiles/Smart Textiles Industry
What Are Some E-Textile Companies?
There are dozens of players in the e-textiles market. Some are well-known companies who have decided to try their hand at e-textiles and some are specialist e-textile companies with a sole focus on e-textiles.
Some companies are more niche than others, with a handful of companies that dabble in the technology in general rather than manufacturing and selling clothing.
Some of the biggest name e-textile companies include sportswear companies such as Adidas. Adidas has developed fitness tracking technology and is a pioneer in the smart textile market with moisture-wicking clothing and other smart technologies.
Other companies include Vivo with their VivoSense analysis platform and Tommy Hilfiger with clothing containing smart chips. Hexoskin, DuPont, Umbra, ThermalTech, Myant, and Xenoma are also key players with recently announced current innovations within the e-textile industry.
What is The Market Size For Smart Textiles?
The increasing growth of smart technology such as smartphones creates a higher demand for e-textiles. The more technologically advanced and inclined we become, the more relevant e-textiles are. All of this culminates into a massive share of the textile market and some healthy predictions for market growth.
It’s estimated that, by 2025, the smart textiles market will be worth over $5 billion globally. The sector predicted to have the highest market share by that time is the military. With big budgets and many practical applications of smart textiles, the market may experience growth due to the adoption of such textiles by several key militaries.
The sports and fitness sector is thought to be the fastest-growing market, and has historically seen the highest CAGR. It’s predicted that this trend will continue up until 2025.
With several sectors, such as healthcare, fashion, beauty, home, lifestyle, and many more, there is a worldwide potential for greatness within the industry. Simply put, the more widely used it can be, the more it will be worth, and the applications of smart textiles are incredibly varied.


TOUGHBOOK 55mk3 sets the standard in rugged mobile computing for any application, with vastly improved “Raptor Lake” processing power, modularity, and connectivity.
Panasonic Connect today announced availability of the third iteration of its market-leading modular rugged notebook, the TOUGHBOOK 55. The upgraded device is fit for the increasingly varied roles of the modern mobile worker, regardless of the task or application. It perfectly balances the need for connectivity, flexibility and ease of use with ruggedness, long battery life and security.
Designed for varied mobile worker personas
The TOUGHBOOK 55mk3 is a huge leap forward. It enables users in the utilities and field services sectors, automotive, emergency services and defence to take advantage of its superior performance, enhanced connectivity and increasing need for modularity to adapt to different mobile worker requirements.
Making it the most customisable rugged device on the market, Panasonic has enhanced the modular design even further with the addition of a new rear expansion slot, featuring a fourth USB Type-A and second USB Type-C interface from January 2024, ideal for high-speed data transfers. The TOUGHBOOK Universal Bay remains for a range of peripherals to be swapped with a simple switch, fit and click.
There is a up to 12.7% increase (PC mark10) in processing power with the Intel® 13th generation Core™ i5 processor with Intel vPro® Technology (Raptor Lake). For those requiring unmatched performance for the most demanding applications, the optional new Core™ i7 processor with Intel vPro® Technology delivers a boost in computing power up to 17.4% (PC mark10). Other improvements include enhanced eSIM and Dual SIM connectivity for accurate and reliable communications on the move, the latest Wi-Fi (Intel® Wireless 6E AX211) that selects the optimum bandwidth to save battery power and upgraded Bluetooth 5.3** connectivity. This latest Windows 11 Pro device is also available with Windows 10 drivers, for those yet to transition to the new operating system.
Future-proofed for industry needs
The TOUGHBOOK 55 is ideal for automotive R&D engineers who need a rugged and reliable notebook to deal with challenging conditions, whether testing in remote locations, the heat chamber, or the test track. With telemetry being captured in real-time, the device can easily handle huge data volumes with its superior storage and connectivity capabilities.
For utilities and field service repairs the TOUGHBOOK 55 stands out with its multiple configuration and connectivity options, including to legacy systems and specialist ports. For defence and the emergency services, the TOUGHBOOK 55 offers high levels of data protection as a Microsoft Secured-core PC and mission critical levels of connectivity.
Combined with a lightweight design and an IP53 rating that protects against dust and water splashes, the TOUGHBOOK 55 can stand up to knocks and drops up to 90cm* and comfortably operate in temperatures ranging from -29°C to +60°C*.
For those looking to equip their mobile workforce with this latest device, there is no need to worry about additional costs. This latest device is compatible with most of the ecosystem of peripherals, such as battery packs and chargers, in the TOUGHBOOK 55 range.
“The TOUGHBOOK 55mk3 raises the bar for rugged devices that can be tailored exactly to customer requirements, regardless of their needs. With sustainability at the heart of our circular economy approach, offering a fit-for-purpose, reliable rugged notebook that will serve end users in a variety of sectors, for years to come, is a real game-changer,” said Dirk Weigelt, Senior Product Marketing Manager at Panasonic Mobile Solutions Business Division.
For more information on the TOUGHBOOK 55mk3, visit: www.toughbook.eu
For all downloadable images, please follow this URL: https://we.tl/t-xcHyLwBbjc


Log9 Materials gets incubated at IIT Roorkee.
Log9 Materials was founded in 2015 at IIT Roorkee by Akshay Singhal, Kartik Hajela and Pankaj Sharma. Akshay and Kartik studied at IIT Roorkee graduating from Materials Engineering and Chemical Engineering respectively. Following which Akshay also did his PhD in Nanotechnology from IIT Roorkee and Kartik had worked briefly at ITC. Pankaj is a seasoned deep tech entrepreneur in Nanotechnology and has founded two startups previously into Bio-Computational Drug Discovery and nanomaterial interventions for Brain Cancer Surgery.
Log9 Materials is using its core competence in Graphene nanotechnology to develop advanced energy storage technologies from electrode materials, cell to pack level. Our Rapid Charging Battery packs solve the challenges in adoption for the 2W and 3W electric vehicle platforms while our Aluminum Fuel Cell technology is targeted towards the electrification of long haul, heavier vehicles.
Electrification of vehicles specially for commercial use ranging from 2W, 3W to LCVs to HCVs will not only have a significant positive impact on the environment, but it will lead to huge cost savings as well. However, different vehicle platforms have unique requirements and hence there cannot be a one-type fit all battery technology.
Intra City 2 Wheelers and 3 Wheelers segment is witnessing the largest EV adoption in India currently, however, the potential is much larger. Quick charging and higher battery life can significantly increase the growth of EV adoption. As you might be aware that unlike large vehicles, quick charging in 2W is limited by battery capacity rather than the grid. A normal 15-20 A plug point in our houses is sufficient to charge a 2W in less than 15 minutes however current available EV 2Ws in the market require at least 1.5 hours (only ather) and generally 3-5 hours for a full charge.
Log9 has been able to develop a 2W and 3W battery pack utilizing our Supercapacitor expertise which could be charged in 10-15 minutes and offers a battery life of more than 15 years. We have already started commercial pilots with leading last mile players like Shadowfax, Amazon, Delhivery, Vogo, etc and have already received LOI's for more than 11,000 2W batteries and 12,000 3W batteries for the commercial phase starting in Oct '21.
Long Haul LCVs and HCVs including buses are extremely difficult to be electrified using the conventional Li-Ion batteries. For the kind of range required, the total weight of the battery required will take away the entire load bearing capacity of the vehicle. Hence, Log9 has developed the Aluminum Fuel Cell technology which provides the benefits of the high energy density of fuel cells along with a solid, stable and recyclable fuel. The technology is due to be demonstrated next year first as a stationary power generation system followed by vehicular integration with leading EV OEMs in India.
At Log9 we are a team of fearless forword thinking entrepreneurs, scientists, marketing gurus and logistic champions who are building the future today. We truly believe that a deep tech venture such as Log9 is the answer to India's dream of self reliance. And we are leaving no stone unturned in bringing Indian Innovation to the global stage.
We are always open to bringing in like minded people who wish to make an impact in this world. So, if you want to be part of an amazing journey with Team Log9 and have the qualities we are looking for, just ping us.
Log9 Materials gets incubated at IIT Roorkee.
Got affiliated with CenSe, IISC Bangalore
Developed Graphene scaleup processes resulting in process and material IP
Raised Seed Investment from GEMS Micro-VC Fund
Shifted workplace to the heart of startups, Bengaluru
Raised Pre-Series A Investment
Develops Aluminium-Air Fuel Cell
Sequoia Surge and Exfinity Venture invest in Log9
Established integrated R&D and Business Center
Develops and Deploys over 3000 UV Disinfection devices in response to COVID-19 Pandemic. Awarded by Marico foundation and ACT Grant
Develops and initiates Pilot trials for 2 Wheeler Rapid charge technology
Launch of India's first fully integrated battery technology with Omega Seiki 3Wheeler platform for Rapid charge
Concluded Series A+ funding led by Amara Raja - India's leading battery manufacturer
Commercial launch of Rage+ RapidEV in partnership with OSM.
Develops RaidX2000 India's fastest charging 2W battery
Log9 Delhi office established with focus on business partnership and deployment of EV's InstaCharged by Log9


Tutorial: Setting up local virtual Linux machine
In this tutorial we will:
- install virtualization software
- create a virtual machine (VM)
- install Linux on the VM
- and finally assign an IP to the VM
As free virtualization software, we use VirtualBox from Oracle. The software is available for Windows, OS X, Linux and Solaris.
The machine must provide a network bridge for the VM so that the virtualized server can communicate with the router. This also means that the VM is only accessible via the local network. If you still want to access the VM from outside, you will have to face further challenges. Consequently, the router must be reconfigured so that requests go to the VM via certain ports using port forwarding. It must also be taken into account that the IP of the Internet connection can change. That's where techniques like Dynamic DNS usually help. A free provider, for example, is No-Ip. However, we will content ourselves with the local variant for the time being, as it would otherwise go beyond the scope of this tutorial.
- Install VirtualBox
- Create virtual machine
- Start VM and install Linux


Belkin offers various wired as well as wireless routers to give you unmatched internet speed. Millions of people all across the globe have chosen it and have experienced its world-class performance due to its top-notchch and robust features. People around the globe are more than happy with the performance of the device but many a times they face small issues. Primarily they have reported problems with Belkin router login which emerges while using its services. These issues are minor issues can be fixed using a proper guide. Below written are some workarounds which can be used depending upon the scenario you are going through. Most of the time issues are resolved then and there. If the problems still persists then we are at your disposal 24*7. You can avail our support by calling on +1-888-399-0817. An expert will guide you to get your issues resolved.
#when Both wired and wireless computers lost internet connection
In such a case, you can simply unplug all the device from their power outlets, devices including modem, router, and computer. Wait for 30 seconds and re-plug everything in their respective order. Let the lights of all the devices stabilize and then you will be able to access the internet with ease.
#when your wired connection is affected
Check if a proper connection is made between your router and computer or not. For this, make sure that your Ethernet cable is properly inserted and LED light on the router port is lit.
#when your wireless computers do not have internet
Wireless computers can be affected due to the following reasons:-
- Client TCP/IP settings
- Signal strength
- Network selection and security
- Sources of interference
#Routers firmware Issues
The Firmware update is necessary for the improved performance of your router. Hence, there is a need to update your router’s firmware periodically to have a hassle-free experience.
#Slow internet connection
One major reason behind weak wireless connection is distance. Make sure you are not far from your router and your device has a full network. If the problem still persists, then changing ‘wireless channel’ on your Belkin router can fix it instantly.
#Issue with Firewall
There are some firewalls which directly block data packets and prevent users to connect the wireless device. In such a case, disable all such firewalls/antivirus programs and access the internet again.
#When you are unable to connect to wifi
Customize its setting and get your Belkin Router Setup done in a short time.
Most of the times there is an issue with Belkin router setup. Make sure that the configuration is done properly. Then check that you have entered the correct Wi-Fi name or SSID and the password in wireless setting of the computer. Once you fill up every important wireless networking details, you will be able to connect your computer to the network.
To have more information about your device, you can read the user manual guide where every detail is briefly specified. For further information, connect with its service team.


Model No.: Apple
¡¤OEM logo accepted
¡¤Portable and lightweight headphones provide excellent stereo sound quality with super bass.
¡¤Built-in mic and remote control: Hands-free microphone and remote control allow you to easily answer calls, end calls, volume control, play music.
¡¤Standard 3.5mm universal headphones jack compatible with iPhone, iPad, iPod, IOS system, other smartphones, tablets, computers, MP3 players and other devices with 3.5mm port.
¡¤Ergonomic Design: Perfectly suit your ears for long-time comfortable wearing experience, and also insulate background noise to make much clearer sound.


A Collaborative Approach to Clinical Trial Technology
Can you picture a clinical trial site coordinator getting a text message about a patient at risk of dropping out of a study? What if that text comes automatically from the supporting technology inside the patient’s home?
This isn’t a far-fetched scenario. Digital technologies are at work today helping make clinical trials and patient care more efficient, effective, and patient-centered. Thanks to technology, we can collect better data and ultimately get better health outcomes through advances such as decentralized trials and real-world evidence.
But using technology in the patient setting does not guarantee success. If you’re responsible for selecting and deploying digital tools for clinical trials, you have some big decisions that can make the difference between a successful outcome and a process that leaves you asking what went wrong.
I had the chance recently to discuss a novel, collaborative approach to these critical technology choices with Kelly Roland, associate director at Otsuka. Kelly and I presented at the SCOPE 2021 virtual conference in March. The audio and slides from our talk give an inside look at the steps Otsuka took to making sure their technology choices could support gathering real-world data.
To expand on the talk, Otsuka and Spencer took away a couple of important learnings from working closely together in the early stages. These are lessons that I think other pharma companies and researchers may consider in deciding on digital tools and technologies.
First, get your hands on the technology and use it. A lot of new tools and applications have come on the scene in the last few years in the clinical trials market. It’s one thing to read third-party reports on a piece of technology and talk to the technology provider. But it’s another step altogether to personally use the device or platform and then apply those learnings to the design for patient protocols.
At the outset of our work with Otsuka, Kelly and her team established an internal focus group that used the spencer smart hub. We established a protocol and shipped spencer units directly to the homes of focus group members. Like a patient, they got to set up the device, experience using a spencer, and evaluate it.
In instances where patients are using biometric devices, apps, or in-home platforms, it’s a relatively easy step for the trial sponsor or research team to evaluate and use the technology first-hand and learn from that personal experience.
And that leads to the second lesson we learned in working with Otsuka: Get as close to the patient experience as possible. As trials continue to shift to meet patients where they are, technology choices become more important. There are varying levels of tech literacy in any group of patients, so it’s important for trial sponsors to make sure the technology is not a barrier to participants.
Hands-on experience with the technology will help the research team see what the patient experiences. This could include how easy or difficult it is to set up, whether the materials are easy to read, how intuitive it is to use every day, and what to do if there’s a problem. This is what the Otsuka team did, and this step of putting themselves in the patient role helped deliver valuable insights for their approach going forward.
I hope this type of collaboration between pharma and technology providers will become more common. There’s no substitute for getting the first-hand experience with the technology and using it as a patient would. With all that’s at stake in any clinical trial, especially decentralized trials, it just makes sense to know as much as possible about the technology upfront so you can make informed decisions throughout the process.


Professionals use computer programming to create code that specifies how a computer, application, or software program operates. Computer programming is essentially a set of instructions that make certain actions possible. If you’re not sure what a computer programmer is, it’s someone who writes and tests code to make it possible for software and applications to run. They generate instructions for a computer to follow.
From small laptops that can perform basic word processing and spreadsheet activities to highly complicated supercomputers that process millions of financial transactions daily and manage the infrastructure that supports contemporary living, computers are capable of incredible things. However, a computer cannot act until a programmer instructs it to do something, which is the fundamental idea behind computer programming.
Computer programming is a set of instructions designed to make certain operations easier. Computer programming can be as easy as adding two numbers, depending on the specifications or goals of these instructions. As difficult as sifting data to complete sophisticated scheduling or important reports, interpreting data from temperature sensors to control a thermostat, or guiding players through multi-layered worlds and difficulties in video games.
According to Dr. Cheryl Frederick, executive director of STEM programs at Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU), computer programming is a collaborative process in which numerous programmers contribute to creating a piece of software. Some of that growth may take decades. Programmers have been tinkering with and enhancing software for years, such as the 1983 introduction of Microsoft Word.
According to Frederick, “the hope is that the computer program would be so widely used that it needs long-term upkeep, especially to increase its current functionality.” Except that software might grow to be quite large, the phrases computer software and computer programming are interchangeable.
How Do Programmers Spend Their Days?
Computer programmers write and test code that enables apps and software programs to run correctly, creating instructions for a computer to follow. To instruct computers and computer networks to carry out tasks, computer programmers connect with computers, applications, and other systems using specialized languages. Building applications that enable “search, surfing, and selfies” is made possible by programmers using languages like C++, Java, Python, and others, according to ComputerScience.org.
Although many programming languages exist, a few have become the most widely used. Based on job opportunities, CareerKarma compiled a list of the top programming languages for 2021.
O*Net has produced a list of some of the typical jobs a computer programmer must be proficient in, including:
- software performance evaluation.
- We are tackling software-related issues.
- We are enhancing the performance of software programs.
- I am writing program code for computers.
- We are working together to address information technology problems.
How Can You Become a Programmer in a Computer?
Many computer programmers start as self-taught enthusiasts, and since computer programmers must constantly learn new things, a true passion for programming can benefit your career.
According to Curtis George, a technical program facilitator for computer science at SNHU, earning a degree is a fantastic approach to launching a career and provides a framework for organizing your experiences. “However, your experience is ultimately what makes you a successful programmer. A competent programmer always stays current on the newest programming languages, algorithmic techniques, and software industry trends and has experience.”
Fred concurred. Before deciding to pursue a career in education, she worked for the Department of Defense and the banking and telecommunications industries. She said, “It takes a lot of guts, and you need job experience; a degree isn’t enough.” We provide students a foundation in arithmetic, logical engineering, data structures, and algorithms, but you also need to be able to plan, write, build, test, and manage software. You must be proficient in at least two or three programming languages, including C++ and Java.
However, computer programmers also need to recognize that building a program is a process that never yields the desired results the first time. “This field involves patience and the capacity to identify and troubleshoot problems. According to Frederick, you must be self-disciplined, motivated to study on your own, collaborate with others, and have a lot of practical experience. “You must practice what you preach and adjust to the times.”
Students are urged to compile a portfolio of their software work while pursuing a computer science degree. According to Frederick, students can present this portfolio to prospective employers as evidence of their coding skills even though it is not graded. “The entire degree program gives students broad exposure and proficiencies in traditional and trending technologies, including such specialties as computation graphics, software testing, and writing code for widely used programs, as well as deeper, more specific skills,” according to the program’s description.
Is Earning a Certificate in Programming Valuable?
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), most computer programming occupations require at least a bachelor’s degree, and numerous higher degree programs are also offered. There are countless professional and nonprofit certifications in addition to those academic options. The BLS points out that there are certificates for particular programming languages, and some companies can demand that programmers obtain certifications for their business’s products.
Among the professional certificates offered are:
- CISCO’s Certified Network Professional Routing and Switching, Certified Network Associate Security Credential, and Certified Network Associate
- Microsoft – Certified Solution Associate for Windows Server and Certified Solution Developer for Web Applications
- Professional Organizations: CompTIA Security+, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Linux+, Software Development Associate Certification
- Nonprofit – Credentials for Certified Information Security Managers, Certified Information Systems Security Professionals, and Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional


I have been working on mobile robot navigation for an autonomous service robot project. During the Fall semester, the navigation team was able to successfully enable the robot to navigate the hallways, albeit with quite a bit of last minute hacking. This past semester, I have been continuing work on the navigation system as an independent study research project and I was able to actually achieve robust navigation!
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This project was all about designing a robotic system from the ground up that could do various tasks. We were given a standard hardware platform and had to create all of the core functionalities and integrate them together. I was part of the navigation group and helped give our robots the ability to navigate in the real world. I also worked on designing a framework for specifying complex tasks in a way that the robot could understand and execute.


Businesses of the 21st century are facing a severe lack of AI talent. Tapping into the AI talent pool is difficult and requires a specific skill set separate from the traditional, technically-minded programmer or developer. While the fundamental skills of AI professionals revolve around a technical and analytical background, they also need to offer organizations very distinct traits on the business side:
- The ability to cross business boundaries and limitations.
- The insight to strategically understand how AI will augment business performance today and in the future.
- The ability to realistically understand and convey AI-insights to programmers and developers in a way that implements and builds better business solutions.
But don’t let the needle-in-the-hay-stack talent description make you panic. The reality is AI technology is showing up in many forms. The majority of today’s AI and machine-learning developments are being released in an open-source framework, packaged in a way that mid-level computer science engineers can quickly learn and adopt into existing operations. There are also many vendors and third-party solutions that can address one of the many applications of AI for your business.
The challenge for AI comes down to implementing the technology across the enterprise, driving new research and disrupting the market with new techniques. The unchartered, yet-to-be-explored territory of AI is what makes the hunt for talent a challenge.
How exactly do you address the AI talent gap?
- Train executives well.
Integrating AI technologies into business will always fall flat without the support of senior, executive leadership. Start first by identifying executives willing to adopt a new mindset; those willing to intimately learn how to implement AI as part of the business’ strategic direction. When executives begin understanding the realistic possibilities of AI—based on the data available and the needs of the company—the true potential of the technology can begin to be unlocked.
- Understand the complexities of AI exploration and when it’s time to look externally.
The most complex, and arguably most exciting, part of AI is the opportunity it offers into revolutionary developments. Yet, that is also where the challenge of AI lies. To be disruptors, to build and to break into the new avenues, leaders cannot rely solely on traditional machine-learning algorithms and pre-packaged solutions.
To build cutting-edge, AI technology, new talent will be needed. The talent you target must be equipped to both research and build an AI program that can scale. But as you recruit for AI talent, know that this is the stage where you’ll need to compete against the Silicon Valley technology giants, if you hope to have any chance at finding and employing AI researchers.
- It’s not always about chasing new talent.
To develop the research and framework of an AI practice, you’ll certainly need to hire one or two data scientists that bring along their experience in implementing machine-learning techniques. But take pause before on-boarding too many data scientists; your own technical talent is likely your best pick for the job. With the right training materials, conferences, courses and resources, building the AI talent and techniques among your current developers is easier than you might think
Many of your software developers and engineers will be eager to learn and tackle new challenges, as they work alongside the guided support of data scientists. This approach gives you the chance to implement and scale technology across the enterprise, while also giving your employees new experiences in their career development journey.
- Understand when external resources are needed.
There are times when a solution is so complex—one that requires significant data wrangling, data mining, research, or software engineering—that AI implementations at scale cannot be done completely in-house. Executive support, developer training and new talent is important, but there are times when an outside organization is needed to get the job over the finish line. That’s where startups, third-party consultants and software organizations will be integral to embedding AI into businesses over the next five years. View the outside vendor as a partner and added resource to your current operations. That relationship will help build solutions that scale, support the volume of work and help propel and embed AI into all parts of the business.
The keys to making AI work
The process of integrating AI is complex and will take time to get right. But if AI is the path you plan to travel, don’t waiver against the fundamental aspects of an effective AI operation:
- Ensure executives are operating with a realistic, pragmatic point of view. Executives must demonstrate relentless initiative. These leaders are hard to find but they are essential to success.
- Trust and evaluate your current workforce talent and know when it is easier to invest in building and developing AI technologies internally, rather than chasing and competing for ‘hot’ talent in the external market.
- Recognize when there are too many priorities and understand the third-party and out-of-the-box solutions available to you.


Special Data Sets
Real Time GPS displacement waveforms provided by the AIST project
Under the NASA funded Advanced Information System Technologies program (AIST), real time GPS total displacement waveforms from the California Real TimeNetwork (CRTN) are being converted into seismic formats as displacement seismograms and archived at the SCEDC. One the key goals of this project, entitled Real-Time In Situ Measurements for Earthquake Early Warning and Spaceborne Deformation Measurement Mission Support, is to promote the integration of these data into the scientific seismic analysis that is conducted using data at the SCEDC.
The plan is to have these data available in near real time, and permanently archive them at the SCEDC. In doing so, the project pays special attention to the different needs and data product drivers of the geodetic and seismological communities, and is aiming to produce new geodetic products that can be easily assimilated into routine data analysis by both seismologists and geodesists. Samples of a synthetic version of these data were released with the 2008 ShakeOut scenario data last year.
Three component 1Hz seismograms of CRTN GPS stations, from the April 4, 2010, magnitude 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake are available in SAC format (2 MB) at the SCEDC. These time series were created by Brendan Crowell, Yehuda Bock, the project PI, and Mindy Squibb at SOPAC using data from the CRTN and the methodology described in Crowell et al. (2009), and references therein. The El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake demonstrated definitively the power of real-time high-rate GPS data: they measure dynamic displacements directly, they do not clip and they are also able to detect the permanent (coseismic) surface deformation.
Figure 1. Broadband Seismic vs GPS waveforms from co-located stations. GPS waveforms do not clip.
In the inversion CRTN high-rate positions are determined relative to a station far from the epicenter. In addition to the unclipped seismic displacements from the earthquake, this results in arrivals that appear simultaneous across all stations caused by translation of the entire network relative to the fixed station. Although the artifacts for this earthquake are well within the noise of the GPS displacements, the project is researching ways to minimize them.
A plot of the data, a plot of the station locations, an ASCII file of station locations, and a tar-file of the data in SAC-format are the package being distributed. Acknowledgments and Citations: An appropriate acknowledgment for the use of these data is GPS displacement waveforms are a product of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) AIST project, Grant No. NNX09AI67G. An appropriate scientific citation is Crowell et al. (2009) below.
Crowell, B., Y. Bock, and M. Squibb (2009), Demonstration of earthquake early warning using total displacement waveforms from real time GPS networks, Seismo. Res. Lett., 80(5), 772-782, doi: 10.1785/gssrl.80.5.772.
Figure 2. Map of the stations in the GPS stations in the data set. The stations are part of the California Real Time Network (CRTN). Download coordinates.
Figure 3. Plot of the traces. The time starts at 2010/04/04,23:30:00. The traces are indiviually scaled and have been filter with a passband from 100 sec to 10 sec. The horizontal feature at 760 sec is an artifact due to a shift of the entire GPS network. The data are available as a tar of sac-files (2 MB).


December 15th 2019
My project for the final Interactive Object for Object Fall 2019 was a working pinball machine. This machine is a repeatable game that involves the user pushing buttons to keep a ball from falling through a pair of flippers that the user controls. This is a bare bones version of a pinball machine you may see in an arcade but it is just as functional and a blast to put together and build. I worked on this project with Harrison Bolin.
Interaction of the Pinball Machine
The enclosure of the pinball machine was constructed using wood and acrylic. Instead of laser cutting the various parts of this enclosure, we went with a more simple method of building the enclosure. The notable parts of the enlcosure are the stands used to prop up the game board and the creative ways we concealed the multiple parts of the project.
The main feature of the electronics of this project are the Force Sensitive Resistors(FSR) in the game board. The purpose of these is to record changes in the environment in order to know when the ball passes over to increment the score. The score itself is displayed by a LED serial display . For the electronics there was also a short LED neopixel strip at the bottom to illuminate progress and color to the pinball game.
Originally we were going to use capacitive touch sensors for the score so it woul dbe a more creative way of having the sensors. This ultimately didnt work because the pinball we were using didn’t have a charge so we were unable to implement this. The FSR sensors are connected to the circuit by way of screw terminal and they record the change in force when a ball rolls over them. We originally had 3 of these sensors but the smaller they get, the more problems they cause. for the little sensors it takes a lot for them to record the ball passing over them due to the nature of what they measure. They measure change in force but when the ball rolls over fast, it ay not be recorded. This ultimately didn’t cause too many problems but the interaction although repeatable could have some improvents. It is a repeatable interaction that allows the user to strive to get a better score of the game.
The LED Serial display is a SparkFun 7-Segment Serial Display. There are multiple ways to have this device work, but the simplest is to work with the Serial output of an Arduino program. The code was simple and there were only 3 parts of the Serial display that needed to be soldered. The final part of the electronics to highlight is the arcade button that is connected to the rest pin on the Arduino. This allows the program to rest once the button is triggered.
Electronics in Progress
Final Enclosure Electronics
Sparkfun LED Serial Display Documentation: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/using-the-serial-7-segment-display/introduction
The other electronics, the flippers, and arcade buttons that controlled the flippers are not operated through the arduino. The main feature in the flippers were the car motors that would cause the flippers to move so fast and with force. These motors powering the flippers are dc motors with gears and operate with their own power and control logic. The flippers were 3d-printed and are connected through the bottom of the board and rotate on bearings.
3d printing for the flippers
Link to Harrison’s Blog Documentation
Gregorio Figueroa I: Design Overview For my final project for Form, I again am doing something that is supposed to be set in the Star Wars Universe on the planet Coruscant. I really enjoyed designing the H-wing, so I wanted to design another type of ship and a whole landing pad alcove to go alongContinue reading “Form Final Project”
Gregorio Figueroa The goal of this lab was to model and render my idea for a final project previous to transition to remote learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The goal of this lab was to use things that I have learned from this semester. Now i am a big fan of Star Wars andContinue reading “Form Lab 4”
Gregorio Figueroa 3/30/20 Part A: Models and Unrolling The first portion of this lab was focused on modeling different possible objects for paracticing unrolling. There were not specific connections between the objects that I modeled, but each would be interesting to unroll and fabricate. For the unrolling process, for all of my objects I createdContinue reading “Form Lab 3”


Android Box 10.0, Sidiwen T95 Andorid TV Box 10.0 4GB RAM 32GB ROM Quad-core 64-bit ARM Cortex-A53 with WiFi 2.4G Ethernet USB 3.0 Support OTA Upgrate, Art etc
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* 【6K & HD 2.0】Upgraded HD-MI2.0 with broadband up to 18Gbps, which is nearly 100 percent higher than the traditional 1.4 interface data throughput, presenting a better 6K resolution, much clear definition and more colorful than 4K box. In addition, the movies, musics, photos on your android /IOS devices can be shared on the big screen and the best speakers by DLNA/Airplay to enjoy the best entertainment experience
* 【4GB RAM 32GB ROM】4 RAM is largest running memory in andorid tv boxes, which make sure higher performance and more stable operation system, supports smoothly movies without buffering and freeze, no more crashes.you can also expand the memory up to 64GB via extra Micro SD card; much more space for your entertainment.
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How does solar energy work a easy explanation
How does solar energy work? The sun shines, and we gather the sunshine, we transform the sunshine right into workable kinds useful power. And we enjoy the real benefits, of free energy. You can not get any easier than that. OK. all right, I understand you really need much more detail. You've been searching across the Internet to get relevant information and you need to have, no you deserve, much more than simply a single paragraph. The following will be my effort in streamlining the concept of solar energy and I trust you get a little information out of it.
The sun generates significant quantities of energy. However what the planet Earth receives is actually a kind of small portion of that energy. Having said that, even though we get just an insignificant quantity of that energy, the energy we do get from the sun's rays is really sufficient with regard to our requirements. Believe it or not, a day's worth of sunshine when taken advantage of effectively could power a large nation such as the United States for much more than a year.
How does solar energy work And How much solar energy is there
So if that's how much energy we could receive from the sun's rays, exactly why do we depend way too much on nonrenewable fuel sources. That will disappear altogether within 40 to FIFTY years time? The fundamental issue is that the sun shines all across the planet. That energy is actually so spread out that taking advantage of it is seriously a challenge. Yet still, there are additional elements at work here. Political, economical, as well as social in nature which brings about the slow-moving development of solar energy technological innovations. However that will definitely require an entire chapter, or even, a complete book in order to talk about. Therefore let's leave that by itself momentarily.
Two main ways to use solar power.
Currently there are a variety of ways we utilise direct sunlight. And also the specific means might depend upon exactly how we intend to make use of that power. But we can separate the utilisation right into a couple of basic concepts, transforming solar energy into heat and also the other one is changing it into electrical energy.
How does solar energy work in the home.
Making use of solar power in order to heat up houses is actually a very good illustration of the first category. There are actually two ways that could be applied. The first one depends on the position of your house's windows. And the second one involves the use of some mechanical devices in order to distribute the heat all throughout your home.
How does solar energy work to heat water. Solar hot water heater are also now readily available. What you do is provide a solar collector where the heat energy coming from the sunlight is caught and collected. This heat is then transferred to the after that goes out of your taps and also showers.
How does solar energy work changing solar power to electrical power.
Changing solar power right into electrical power, however, needs to have a bit more explanation. There are essentially 2 ways we can get electricity from solar energy. The 1st one entails making use of photovoltaic cells and the 2nd one is making use of various solar thermal devices.
Photovoltaic or pv cells are actually much more typically referred to as solar cells. These kinds of cells are made from silicon wafers and phosphorous. Whenever sunshine hits the surface area of the silicon wafers, free electrons are actually created. The electrons are then utilized through connecting a wire to the cells. Because the electrons leave the cells and travel through the wire, an electronic current is generated.
One notable problem of the photovoltaic cells is that they may be rather costly and also they only transform a little quantity of direct sunlight. With any luck these types of cells may be more affordable, more efficient as well as more suitable to the demands of customers eventually.
How does solar energy work Summary
The awesome aspect of solar power is that it does not create any sort of contamination. In contrast to nonrenewable fuel sources which spit out substantive quantities of contaminants in the air as well as in the water. Additionally the sun is essentially healthy ad it is still very far from dying. We can easily take advantage of sufficient energy coming from the sunlight which will certainly last us for a life-time. I hope this short explanation of How does solar energy work. has helped you understand a little more the ways we produce solar energy.


In the 21st century, cybersecurity has become an issue that rivals physical war in some extreme circumstances. Organizations like Facebook, Amazon, and Google have so much of the population’s information, and any potential security breach is disastrous. Facebook, in particular, has publicly failed users when it comes to cybersecurity practices and willfully providing sensitive information to partners. There are websites which demonstrate the amount of hacking across the planet in real-time and show a small glimpse into how cybersecurity is not secure as most would like to believe. The country that can perfect quantum computing first will be able to circumvent any cybersecurity in place at this time. The cyber security insurance is more important now than ever.
Quantum Computing and Cyber Security
As it stands, China is currently outpacing the rest of the world when it comes to the development of quantum computing. It is estimated that a quantum computer will be capable of bypassing any form of existing cybersecurity in a matter of seconds. Existing cybersecurity insurance providers need to implement clauses that include this type of breach. The entire cybersecurity insurance marketplace needs to evaluate how existing practices will most likely become obsolete over the next few years. While it is undoubtedly a long time from now, once quantum computers can be purchased by the public, cybersecurity may develop into something completely new.


VISUALISATION and eRESEARCH
The Visualisation and eResearch (ViseR) group is a multidisciplinary team hosted within QUT’s Institute for Future Environments (IFE), based in Brisbane, Australia. ViseR consists of specialist programmers, designers, modellers and project managers delivering projects and interactive visualisation facilities for QUT, its partners and clients. The group specialises in high-performance computing, software engineering, interaction design and devices, virtual reality spatial information, and large scale interactive display systems.
ViseR supports research and development in visualisation, interaction, and innovation of digital environments across academic, government, and industry sectors. The group seeks external engagement in commercial and collaborative capacities focused on delivering technical solutions.


Flashlights use both solar and lithium ion battery, to power the light. Guaranteed by us mfg. For 100,000 hours. Holds a solar charge over 3 years.
This solar hybrid flashlight eliminates the need to purchase batteries. Gone are the days you go to use your expensive flashlight not only to find that it doesn't work, but that it was corroded by your old batteries and ruined your flashlight. Many police officers and other agencies of the government are using this flashlight because it is so dependable.
- Holds a solar charge over 3 years
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This is Element, the flagship of the Rain Recording digital audio workstation line. Designed as a platform for industry-standard digital audio software and hardware, Element is now available with Intel's new Core i7 processor architecture tuned for over 3.6GHz of breathtaking performance. Combined with an X58 chipset, Element redefines the professional audio workstation. Rain's Overclock Stability Control delivers high speed performance without fear of instability or overheating.
Configure your dream system.
Configure Element with everything you need to let your creativity flow. Choose up to 7 Terabytes of high-speed storage, 12GB of DDR3 memory, and new Solid State Drive technology for unbelievable speed. Element has plenty of room for future upgrades too, making it the ideal workstation to grow with your studio. The only thing better than all the options you have is what Element already includes. Two separate FireWire chipsets give you the ultimate in compatibility for your audio inteface. USB 2.0 and eSATA for your external storage and Quiet Cool technology that keeps the whole system running at low temperatures while staying quiet. Pile on your tracks, plug-ins and virtual instruments - Element handles it all.


Panel Replacements and Upgrades in Edmond, Yukon, Oklahoma City, OK and the Surrounding Areas
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Today, we have many electrical devices in our homes. We have flat-screen TVs, every member of the house uses their computer, laptop, tablet, and cellphone that draw a lot of power. If you have countered flickering lights, blown fuses, tripped breakers, unexplained power outages or switches and outlets that do not work in your home, contact Above and Beyond Heating, Cooling and Electrical to learn more about our Panel Replacements and Upgrades in Edmond, Yukon, Oklahoma City, OK and the Surrounding Areas.
We can’t convey enough how important it is to ensure your home is properly equipped with a reliable service panel with the right electrical capacity to maintain your home’s electronics. Many older homes usually have difficulty keeping up with the electrical demands of today’s electronic devices. While those new, energy efficient electrical appliances are certainly worth the investment, if your home’s electrical system is not up to par, you could find yourself replacing those devices or end up with even worse problems.
Fortunately, this electrical problem can be corrected. Not by moving into a modern house (and ditching your current home) but by replacing your current panel with a more convenient and cost-effective method. The experts at Above and Beyond Heating, Cooling and Electrical are skilled electricians who can upgrade your homes current panel to a panel that meets your home’s growing needs. Call us today for a free quote on your Panel Replacements and Upgrades in Edmond, OK at (405) 657-2484.
Replacing a Circuit Breaker
Your home’s circuit breaker functions as the heart of your entire electrical system. If you experience major electrical problems, you might be left in the dark. Additionally, some breaker panel issues can even lead to dangerous fires, so it’s important to have them addressed at the first sign of trouble. We will even install a new circuit breaker panel if one is needed. Our team understands the complex nature of electrical systems, and we can have you back up and running in no time.
Help Fixing a Circuit Breaker
It’s also important to have your circuit breaker maintained on a regular basis to ensure proper operation all year long. Improperly maintained electrical components often end up malfunctioning, and this can lead to a failure at the worst possible time. Remember, virtually every electrical device inside of your home, including lighting, televisions, and computers, are all connected to your breaker panel. This means that issues with you breaker panel can not only be an inconvenience, but they may cause a surge and lead to damage throughout your home. Our licensed, bonded, and insured electricians can give you peace of mind in knowing that your breaker panel is functioning properly, and we also provide surge protection solutions.


Capture Everything With Insta360
Insta360 specialise in high quality, cutting-edge cameras that are both easy to use and affordable. They allow you to capture stunning 360 degree images instantly and can easily be shared using the insta360 App.
RCG Distribution partnered with Insta360 because of their continued development of 360 degree cameras and are excited as to their future applications.
The Insta 360 air is a compact camera designed for use on Android phones enabling you to capture 360 photos, video and even live stream from your device.
A lightweight 26.5 grams and only 37mm diameter, it can be carried everywhere with you in the supplied rubber case.
Available in four colours and with either Micro USB or USB Type-C plug, it is the 360 camera suitable for everyone.
Easily connecting to the lightening port of your iPhone for live view and playback, the Insta360 enables you to capture more and see more.
With its twin 360 lens, the Insta360 captures everything around you providing a recording that can be replayed for a unique immersive experience.
With real-time stitching, instant-sharing and smartphone connectivity, the Insta360 nano is fantastic for capturing an immersive perspective wherever you are.
Relive your 360 Experience
Insta360 Nano has a unique packaging solution allowing for the smartphone to be repurposed as a headset. The smartphone can be inserted into the box behind a pair of lenses and held up to the eyes allowing for a truly immersive replaying of your captured media.
The videos and photos can also be enjoyed through popular VR headsets.
VR in ultra-high definition. Capture stills and videos in stunning 8k resolution and go deep with 360 degree 3D imaging.
The Insta360 Pro’s compact, spherical frame is custom-milled from aluminum alloy and surrounded with six 200° lenses.
Insta360 software allows for optical flow image stitching, seamless dynamic, precise patching of visuals between the cameras.
Alongside its 100fps slow-motion ability, the Insta360 Pro is even capable of real-time image stabilisation for smooth video on the move.
The Insta360 Air can be connected to your computer for use as a 360° webcam.
A number of accessories make use of Insta360 mount, allowing you to capture more action with your camera. Using the mount you can attach to a variety of mounts, so you can use your Nano for skateboarding, parachuting, or any action sport. A waterproof case is also available to capture full 360 degrees of underwater action!


Almost 4 years later, I started using AVR microcontrollers again. However, today it is difficult to find a computer that has a parallel port, and thus I needed to revisit this topic of AVR programmers. And I end up building (and buying) the USBasp (Wayback Machine) programmer.
A little bit of history
Back in the early days, basically all computers had a parallel port (also called printer port) and a serial port. Even laptops had such ports (or had a “docking station” that added those ports to the laptop).
Then USB was born. And gradually everything moved to USB. And gradually the motherboards started having more and more USB ports. And also having on-board sound card, and on-board video card, and on-board ethernet adapter… And those “ancient” parallel and serial ports were becoming more and more useless. What’s more, they take up a lot of space in the back panel, space that was needed for all those new features added to the motherboards.
And then those ancient ports disappeared from the modern computers. And nobody cared, because nobody used them anymore.
How parallel and serial ports work
The parallel port was great for hobbyist projects because the hardware for interfacing with it was trivial. It had 8 output pins, each one mapped to one bit from a byte. So, the software could write a byte to the parallel port, and each one of those pins would be driven high or low. Pretty damn simple, and quite useful for small DIY hacks. It also had a few special pins that could be used for reading data.
The serial port was a bit more complicated because it implemented the RS-232 protocol, and thus it required a non-trivial hardware. On the other hand, once you had RS-232 implemented, using the serial port became quite simple. In a nutshell, you write bytes at one end, they are transmitted using the RS-232 protocol, and they arrive at the other end.
Analyzing the alternatives
Well, I don’t have those ancient ports anymore in my computer. How can I program my AVR microcontroller?
Using a USB Parallel port adapter
If you search the web (or your local computer hardware store), you will find quite a few USB Parallel Port adapters. They are a cable with a USB connector at one end and a DB-25 connector at the other end. Inside one of the connectors there is some circuitry to actually do the conversion.
At first, that seems like a good solution. However, after searching a bit more, I found that all such adapters behave as a USB printer. In other words, when you plug one of them, it shows up as a printer. The conversion chip inside the adapter emulates a printer and then sends some printing commands through the DB-25 connection.
It means that you don’t get true parallel port, and thus you can’t have full control of the port. If you can’t control the port, then you can’t “abuse” it for non-printing purposes, and thus it is useless for our needs.
Building a true USB Parallel port adapter
There is a project called USB2LPT (Wayback Machine) that claims to implement a virtualized parallel port that should work with hardware programmers. That seems to be a great project, congratulations to the author! However, it would be too much work for my purposes, and it also requires a custom driver.
Using a cheap, bit-banging serial port programmer
There are quite a few schematics for cheap serial port programmers:
- http://core.st/projects/Serial_programmer/ (Wayback Machine)
- http://microembeded.blogspot.com/2011/04/avr-serial-port-programmer.html (Wayback Machine)
- http://www.ladyada.net/images/minipov3/minipov3schem.png (Wayback Machine)
- http://diy4fun.blogspot.com/2009/01/simple-serial-programmer-for-avr.html (Wayback Machine)
- http://www.lancos.com/siprogsch.html (Wayback Machine)
They don’t actually implement the RS-232 protocol, but instead they abuse some characteristics of the port and the protocol in order to program the AVR microcontroller.
I’ve built one of those programmers (sorry, I don’t remember which one) and tried using it with a USB Serial Port adapter (contrary to the USB parallel port adapters, the USB serial port adapters actually emulate a full serial port, and should work well for most use cases). It didn’t work. Then I tried using it on an actual serial port from an old computer. It didn’t work. I tried using it with both
avrdude tools. It didn’t work.
Maybe you might have better luck than me… But I strongly believe you shouldn’t waste time building a cheap serial port programmer. They are not reliable, and most likely won’t work. And if they work, they might not work on another computer.
Building a true RS-232 serial port programmer
Page 10 from AVR910 - In-System Programming document shows A Simple Low-cost In-System Programmer. It uses an AT90S1200 microcontroller to do the hardware+software conversion between the RS-232 and UART protocols (coming from the serial port) to the ISP protocol used by AVR microcontrollers.
I’m pretty sure this serial port programmer will work on most computers. However, there is no reason to build one nowadays. It’s way better to build one that talks to the USB port instead.
Using a USB programmer
This is the best solution. It is quite cheap, requires no extra adapters, and it works.
You can easily buy USBasp on eBay at a very low price. I bought mine for around 6 dollars (including shipping costs). You can even find a 10pin to 6pin ISP Adapter, just in case you need to use USBasp with a 6-pin header instead of 10-pin.
The programmer itself is very compact, and it comes with a 10-pin header cable. I’ve already described the 10-pin connector at part 2. If you remember, I said I couldn’t find such cable/connector when I was building my parallel port adapter, and thus I was forced to use another connector. Let’s compare my old parallel port adapter with the new USBasp that I bought on eBay:
Mounting USBasp on a breadboard
Okay, I bought USBasp from eBay. Great! But it takes about a month to arrive in my house. What should I do during this time? Maybe I should build one.
The USBasp circuit is so simple that it can be built directly onto a breadboard, and that’s what I did.
However, there is chicken-or-egg problem here: USBasp uses an ATmega8 microcontroller programmed with an specific firmware. But… How can I write the USBasp firmware in the first place? I solved this by using my old parallel port programmer (from part 2) with an old computer. It was the last time I used that old computer and that old parallel port programmer.
If you pay enough attention, you can identify two major parts on that breadboard: the USBasp circuit and the blinking LEDs circuit (from part 4). The crystal on that blinking LEDs circuit was not necessary (I just left it in there because I was going to need it for another firmware). You can also see a portion of another project that was still mounted on that breadboard (it’s completely unrelated to these posts, just ignore it).
If you observe carefully, the USBasp circuit is completely isolated from the blinking LEDs circuit, except for those 4 wires that connect to the programming lines of the ATmega8 (
RESET — remember that
GND are available on those red and blue tracks from the breadboard).
You can watch a video of this USBasp on a breadboard, showing that it actually works! :)
Also, as I’ve described at the end of the part 4, things might not work on the first try. This also happened here, as I misplaced a few wires in a couple of occasions, so it took me a few minutes before figuring out what was wrong and why it didn’t work.
Upon connecting USBasp, the following lines show up in
usb 6-1: new low speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 6 usb 6-1: New USB device found, idVendor=16c0, idProduct=05dc usb 6-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 usb 6-1: Product: USBasp usb 6-1: Manufacturer: www.fischl.de
The following line shows up in
Bus 006 Device 006: ID 16c0:05dc VOTI shared ID for use with libusb
USBasp website (Wayback Machine) already contains the circuit schematic (Wayback Machine), however, the layout is a bit confusing because the pin positions don’t match the actual positions from any ATmega8 chip. Thus, in order to build my own USBasp on a breadboard, first I remade the entire schematic from scratch, using the actual pin positions from the DIP version of ATmega8.
If you are an attentive reader, you will notice that I haven’t placed any capacitor on my breadboard, even though they exist in this schematic. Yeah, the circuit works even without them, but it might not be as stable. (to tell the truth, I don’t fully understand why those capacitors are needed, or what are the consequences of removing them)


Note: The NetSpot app only works for computers running Windows 7 and higher or macOS 10.10 and higher. A free app can show you the best Wi-Fi channel to use. These performance issues often have to do with too many people accessing the same WiFi channels in your area. This will help you decide which channel you need to use. Open the Wireless tab to edit your wireless settings. This can be done by opening a web browser and typing in the router's IP address. Look for a Parental Controls or Access Restrictions section to establish … Then, a little ways down the page, select Advanced Options. QUICK TIP: If you want to use the 5 GHz frequency, ensure that your wireless devices and adapters have a 5 GHz capability to have access to the network; otherwise, do not change the default frequency of the router which is 2.4 GHz. the NetSpot app to find the best WiFi channel: To find the best WiFi channel in your area, I can’t use any of my smart devices because they run on 2.4 gHz and I think but am not sure my router is running right now on 5gHz. From the web page that is displayed, look for the Wi-Fi settings. Also, change the channel width to 20MHz . how you can change your WiFi channel on a router. The exact location of the option will differ depending on the router manufacturer. Next, open your admin menu using your web browser and navigate to the wireless settings page. WLAN waves can be transmitted via the two frequency bands 2.4 GHz (GHz = gigahertz) and 5 GHz. This number will either be printed in your router's documentation or possibly on the bottom of the device itself. In default, ASUS router will adjust the Channel Bandwidth automatically, you could fix it if necessary. If you don’t know what … Both your router and your phone must support 5GHz Wi-Fi for this to work. When multiple Wi-Fi networks overlap, it can cause so much interference that you'll all suffer from slow Wi-Fi speeds which means web pages will take longer to load and videos might stutter when streaming from YouTube or iPlayer. By manually switching to a less-crowded channel, or one currently not used by any other networks, your Wi-Fi should improve markedly. There might also be an auto-connect feature that you have to turn off as well. It's often called 'dual-band' Wi-Fi in the specifications list rather than 5GHz, though. To change your router's Wi-Fi settings, click here. Unless you have an a/b/g router you are pretty much stuck to the same frequency band... 0 Kudos able to see which channels are the most crowded. HelloTech Provides Help, Installation, Setup and Repair, How to Change the WiFi Channel on Your Router, Smart Home Product & Installation Bundles, how to find your router’s IP address on a Windows 10 PC or Mac, how to find your router’s username and password, How to Change Your DNS Server on Windows 10 and Mac, How to Change Your Spectrum WiFi Name and Password, How to Set a Static IP Address for a Windows 10 PC. Open a web browser and type your router’s IP address into the address bar. A wireless router can send the wireless signal using a set channel, from 1 to 11 or 13 (depending on the router model and where it is sold). The channel number is basically the frequency (they start around 2.4GHz and slowly move up towards 2.5GHz). 1 Why Do Change the WiFi Channel? Mesh Wi-Fi deal: TP-Link Deco S4 is just £89.99 for Black Friday, Get Tenda’s Nova MW3 mesh Wi-Fi system for just £59.99. In the browser address bar, enter 192.168.3.1 and log in to the router's web-based management page. Some routers have two separate network names which makes it easy to identify which is which, but others broadcast a single name and your phone decides to which network to connect (but you won't be able to control this). end of the band’s spectrum. Although you may know that your router uses 2.4GHz for 802.11n and 5GHz for 802.11ac and 802.11n, you might not realise that there's a choice of 'channel' on each frequency. Do not change the channel unless you experience interference (shown by lost connections or slow data transfers). This will give you an idea of whether your network has a strong or weak signal and whether the channel is currently set to is crowded or not. Here's how. Just change 'em to whatever you like and something that will differentiate them (e.g - xxxxx2 & xxxxx5) -- use the same password if you like, Then, apply settings and restart the Hub. band, there are 24 non-overlapping channels you can choose from. If possible, look for a setting in your router's Wi-Fi options (see below) to check if you can force it to display the 2.4GHz and 5GHz networks separately so you can manually connect to the 5GHz one. you should find out which WiFi channel is the least crowded. It isn't quite as simple as changing channel on your TV but you can change the channel your router uses for Wi-Fi in order to avoid interference from neighbouring networks. How to Find or Change the Wi-Fi Channel You're Using To find the wireless channel your router uses, log in to the router administration page, usually at the router IP address. So, His main beats include VPN services, antivirus and web hosting. Note: We may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site, at no extra cost to you. You shouldn't need to change anything on the router. What is Channel Bandwidth? Open the Wireless tab to edit your wireless settings. To login to your Wi-Fi router, open up a browser and go to 192.168.1.1 and then login with the password located on the sticker on the router itself. Much like when you tune into a radio station, each wireless router you interact with is broadcasting on a unique frequency. i think, Unless you have an a/b/g router you are pretty much stuck to the same frequency band, the router is set to 2.4 Ghz this we cannot change, or just move the router far from microwave frequencies, try moving the router far from computer. If you want to stop your phone or other devices (such as your laptop) automatically connecting to your router's 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and only use 5GHz, you'll need to figure out how to 'Forget this network' on your particular device. Select a channel and click Save. should use, check out our article here. These differ in speed and distance. If two routers using the same channel are too close, they can interfere with each other which can result in … By Jim Martin, Editor | 22 May 2019. highways. My Spectrum router is a SAC2V1A and only has one network name. fairly crowded, so it might be a good idea to change the channel to the other Most wireless adapters will "find" your wireless network by the SSID you assigned to the router, and then will automatically lock onto the channel of the router. Thank you for your feedback. Just make sure that 'Disable "5GHz-" prefix' is not ticked (its default) on that page under '5 GHz Settings'. Note: Once you save your settings, it might cause your router to reboot, which could mean that you lose your WiFi connection briefly. Wireless routers operate on a series of channels. Once you change your network to a less crowded WiFi channel, you should notice that your bar gets taller, meaning your network speed has increased. 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It’s probably time to start thinking about a strong password for your refrigerator, like “N0SnaxAtNite!” An e-mail security firm says it detected what it calls the first hacker attack on the Internet of Things this month, and yes, a refrigerator was among the devices that were compromised by the intruders.
The computer criminals also hacked into home multimedia centers and TVs. They used these devices as part of an illegal spam campaign between Dec. 23 and Jan. 6 that launched more than 750,000 malicious emails, according to Sunnyvale, Calif-based Proofpoint Inc.
It calls the compromised machines “ThingBots,” and they can be a spammer’s best friend. Anti-spam technology easily spots a computer sending out thousands of similar e-mails and cuts it off; that’s why spammers turn to “botnets,” or networks of compromised computers. Spammers use these botnets to send out a trickle of messages from each machine, using a time-honored technique that’s much harder to detect.
The Internet of Things, and ThingBots, open up a new universe of possibilities for hackers. Technology firms are rushing to put computer chips with wireless networking capabilities into every electronic device in our homes. The chips will allow toasters, coffee pots, garage doors — really anything with a power cord – to communicate. The industry got a big boost this week when Google announced it was buying home automation company Nest Labs.
IDC predicts that more than 200 billion “things” will be connected via the Internet by 2020. Almost all of them will have less security than your typical home computer. So while “botnets” of hijacked computers are the playground of hackers today, ThingBots — compromised door locks, hacked fridges, and so on — will take hacker mischief to a whole new level soon.
In this case, Proofpoint says the hacked fridge and other gadgets were part of a network of 100,000 machines that were used to send out fewer than 10 e-mails apiece during the entire attack, meaning the e-mail traffic looked perfectly ordinary. More than 25 percent of the bots used in the attack were “things” – everyday consumer gadgets — rather than computers or mobile phones, the firm says.
“In many cases, the devices had not been subject to a sophisticated compromise; instead, misconfiguration and the use of default passwords left the devices completely exposed on public networks, available for takeover and use,” the firm said in its announcement.
Security firms are raising plenty of alarm bells about all these connected gadgets: Will they create the exciting future-friendly world of George Jetson, or will they enable a massive surveillance network akin to the vision of George Orwell? ThingBots raise an additional concern, as most consumers already complain that electronic devices like high-end televisions are too complicated to use. It’s unlikely they will embrace requirements to set complex passwords and install hacker-fighting software on their electronics.
“Internet-enabled devices represent an enormous threat because they are easy to penetrate, consumers have little incentive to make them more secure, the rapidly growing number of devices can send malicious content almost undetected, few vendors are taking steps to protect against this threat, and the existing security model simply won’t work to solve the problem,” said David Knight, General Manager of Proofpoint’s Information Security division. “Many of these devices are poorly protected at best and consumers have virtually no way to detect or fix infections when they do occur.”
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Slip Rings — also referred to as rotary electrical joints, electric swivels, and collector rings — are devices that can transmit power, electrical signals, or data between a stationary component and a rotating component. The design of a slip ring will depend on its application — transmitting data, for example, requires a slip ring with higher bandwidth and better EMI (electromagnetic interference) mitigation than one that transmits power — but the basic components are a rotating ring and stationary brushes.
In a version of the AC induction motor referred to as a wound rotor motor, slip rings are used not for transferring power, but for inserting resistance into the rotor windings. A wound rotor motor uses three slip rings — typically made of copper or a copper alloy — mounted to (but insulated from) the motor shaft. Each slip ring is connected to one of the three phases of rotor windings. The slip ring brushes, made of graphite, are connected to a resistive device, such as a rheostat. As the slip rings turn with the rotor, the brushes maintain constant contact with the rings and transfer the resistance to the rotor windings. Adding resistance to the rotor windings brings the rotor current more in-phase with the stator current. (Recall that wound rotor motors are a type of asynchronous motor, in which the rotor and stator electrical fields rotate at different speeds) The result is higher torque production with relatively low current. The slip rings are only used at start-up, however, due to their lower efficiency and drop-off of torque at full running speed. As the motor reaches its operating speed, the Capsule Slip Rings are shorted out and the brushes lose contact, so the motor then acts like a standard AC induction (aka “squirrel cage”) motor.
Slip ring or commutator?
You may have noticed that the design and function of a slip ring sounds very similar to that of a commutator. While there are similarities between the two, there are critical distinctions between slip rings and commutators. Physically, a slip ring is a continuous ring, whereas a commutator is segmented. Functionally, slip rings provide a continuous transfer of power, signals, or data. Specifically, in AC motors, they transfer resistance to the rotor windings.
Commutators, on the other hand, are used in DC motors to reverse the polarity of current in the armature windings. The ends of each armature coil are connected to commutator bars located 180 degrees apart. As the armature spins, brushes supply current to opposing segments of the commutator and, therefore, to opposing armature coils.
Hdmi Slip Rings are used in virtually any application that includes a rotating base or platform, from industrial equipment such as index tables, winders, and automated welders, to wind turbines, medical imaging machines (CT, MRI), and even amusement park rides that have a turntable-style operation. Although the traditional application for slip rings was to transmit power, they can also transmit analog and digital signals from devices such as temperature sensors or strain gauges, and even data via Ethernet or other bus networks.
The term temperature Sensor refers to a class of devices that provide a measurement of the temperature of objects, and either displays a reading directly or produce an output signal whose value can be translated into a temperature reading. Temperature is a fundamental measurement of thermal energy and can be thought of as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules of a material.
This report refers to the RF Components market, which caters to the wide range of applications, components, materials, and modules. RF components cover antenna switches, filters, power amplifiers and tuners; whereas RF components’ application areas cover cellular phones, tablets, e-readers, GPS devices, laptops, smart TV’s, and others.


Essay of computer and its uses? Wiki User 2011-09-28 14:49:20. computer is a electrical devices. it can be made to work like a. human. it can store information, and it can also exchange and.
Short essay on the Role of Computers in today’s world. Article Shared By. ADVERTISEMENTS: Today, we are living in a computer age. The awareness of computer is more than at any other time. It has dominated almost all the fields. There is hardly an industry, which does not use computers. It is not anymore thought of as a mere calculating machine. Computers are used in banks, factories, in.