RFS introduces 6-ft ETSI Class 4 SerenityLine® microwave antennas for super-high performance on 6 GHz and 11 GHz long-haul microwave links in North America
RFS 6-ft SerenityLine® microwave antennas complement the existing SerenityLine Class 4 antenna portfolio to enable super-high microwave link performance end-to-endRead Press release
RFS expands its industry-leading HYBRIFLEX® fiber and power cable portfolio with futureproof solutions optimized for high-bandwidth in-building and campus deployments
RFS’ HYBRIFLEX® solutions for active DAS, DRS and small cells deployments target requirements for high-density, mission-critical and cross-campus connectivityRead Press release
Overcoming Wi-Fi 6e interference issues
With any technology, there are pros and cons; the key to ensuring a technology thrives is finding a way to work around the disadvantages and push the advantages to their full potential. In this week’s blog Asad Zoberi, Director of Sales at RFS takes us through the potential issue of Wi-Fi 6e interference for microwave backhaul and how to address it.Read Blog
Together, we’re building the future
As we near the end of 2021, take a minute to watch this short holiday greeting from our teams around the world. We wish you, your colleagues and families all the best for a happy holiday and a very healthy and successful 2022.


The single-phase voltage loss is a common fault. Once the voltage-loss failure occurs, the amount of electrical energy will not be measured, but it is to be calculated so as to protect the interest of the power supplier. Two automatic calculation methods, the power substitution and the voltage substitution, are introduced in this paper. Considering the lack of quantitative analysis of the calculation error of the voltage substitution method, the grid traversal method and MATLAB tool are applied to solve the problem. The theoretical analysis indicates that the calculation error is closely related to the voltage unbalance factor and the power factor, and the maximum calculation error is about 6% when the power system operates normally. To verify the theoretical analysis, two three-phase electrical energy metering devices have been developed, and verification tests have been carried out in both the lab and field conditions. The lab testing results are consistent with the theoretical ones, and the field testing results show that the calculation errors are generally below 0.2%, that is correct in most cases.
This paper reports the results of research involving observations of flow patterns during air-oil-water three-phase flow through a vertical pipe with an internal diameter of 0.03 m and a length of 3 m. The conductometric method based on the measurement of electrical conductivity of the gas-liquid-liquid system was used to evaluate the flow patterns. In the studies, a set of eight probes spaced concentrically in two tube sections (four probes per each) with a spacing of 0.015 m were used. The paper presents a theoretical description of the test method and the analysis of the measurement results for air-oil-water multiphase flow system. Results of this study indicate that the developed method of characterizing the voltage of the gas-liquid-liquid system can be an important tool supporting other methods to identify flow patterns, including visual observation.
Novel method of space-vector-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) has been disseminated for synchronous control of four inverters feeding six-phase drive based on asymmetrical induction motor which has two sets of windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. Basic schemes of synchronized PWM, applied for control of four separate voltage source inverters, allow both continuous phase voltages synchronization in the system and required power sharing between DC-sources. Simulations show a behavior of six-phase system with continuous and discontinuous versions of synchronized PWM.
This original paper deals with a new approach for the study of behavior in nonlinear regime of a new three-phase high voltage power supply for magnetrons, used for the microwave generators in industrial applications. The design of this system is composed of a new three-phase leakage flux transformer supplying by phase a cell, composed of a capacitor and a diode, which multiplies the voltage and stabilizes the current. Each cell. in turn, supplies a single magnetron. An equivalent model of this transformer is developed taking into account the saturation phenomenon and the stabilization process of each magnetron. Each inductance of the model is characterized by a non linear relation between flux and current. This model was tested by EMTP software near the nominal state. The theoretical results were compared to experimental measurements with a good agreement. Relative to the current device, the new systemprovides gains of size, volume, cost of implementation and maintenance which make it more economical.
The paper presents a concept of a control system for a high-frequency three-phase PWM grid-tied converter (3x400 V / 50 Hz) that performs functions of a 10-kW DC power supply with voltage range of 600÷800 V and of a reactive power compensator. Simulation tests (in PLECS) allowed proper selection of semiconductor switches between fast IGBTs and silicon carbide MOSFETs. As the main criterion minimum amount of power losses in semiconductor devices was adopted. Switching frequency of at least 40 kHz was used with the aim of minimizing size of passive filters (chokes, capacitors) both on the AC side and on the DC side. Simulation results have been confirmed in experimental studies of the PWM converter, the power factor of which (inductive and capacitive) could be regulated in range from 0.7 to 1.0 with THDi of line currents below 5% and energy efficiency of approximately 98.5%. The control system was implemented in Texas Instruments TMS320F28377S microcontroller.
The purpose of this paper is to depict the effect of diffusion and internal heat source on a two-temperature magneto-thermoelastic medium. The effect of magnetic field on two-temperature thermoelastic medium within the three-phase-lag model and Green-Naghdi theory without energy dissipation i discussed. The analytical method used to obtain the formula of the physical quantities is the normal mode analysis. Numerical results for the field quantities given in the physical domain are illustrated on the graphs. Comparisons are made with results of the two models with and without diffusion as well as the internal heat source and in the absence and presence of a magnetic field.
Long transmission lines have to be compensated to enhance the transport of active power. But a wrong design of the compensation may lead to subsynchronous resonances (SSR). For studies often park equivalent circuits are used. The parameters of the models are often determined analytically or by a three-phase short-circuit test. Models with this parameters give good results for frequencies of 50 Hz and 100 Hz resp. 60 Hz and 120 Hz. But SSR occurs at lower frequencies what arises the question of the reliability of the used models. Therefore in this publication a novel method for the determination of Park equivalent circuit parameters is presented. Herein the parameters are determined form time functions of the currents and the electromagnetic moment of the machine calculated by transient finite-element simulations. This parameters are used for network simulations and compared with the finite-element calculations. Compared to the parameters derived by a three-phase short-circuit a significant better accuracy of simulation results can be achieved by the presented method.
Many parts of remote locations in the world are not electrified even in this Advanced Technology Era. To provide electricity in such remote places renewable hybrid energy systems are very much suitable. In this paper PV/Wind/Battery Hybrid Power System (HPS) is considered to provide an economical and sustainable power to a remote load. HPS can supply the maximum power to the load at a particular operating point which is generally called as Maximum Power Point (MPP). Fuzzy Logic based MPPT (FLMPPT) control method has been implemented for both Solar and Wind Power Systems. FLMPPT control technique is implemented to generate the optimal reference voltage for the first stage of DC-DC Boost converter in both the PV and Wind energy system. The HPS is tested with variable solar irradiation, temperature, and wind speed. The FLMPPT method is compared with P&O MPPT method. The proposed method provides a good maximum power operation of the hybrid system at all operating conditions. In order to combine both sources, the DC bus voltage is made constant by employing PI Controllers for the second stage of DC-DC Buck-Boost converter in both Solar and Wind Power Systems. Battery Bank is used to store excess power from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and to provide continuous power to load when the RES power is less than load power. A SPWM inverter is designed to convert DC power into AC to supply three phase load. An LC filter is also used at the output of inverter to get sinusoidal current from the PWM inverter. The entire system was modeled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink Environment. The results presented show the validation of the HPS design.


London: Scientists have developed new wearable graphene-based sensor device which can detect heart and breathing abnormalities in babies as well improve life-threatening conditions such as sleep apnoea in adults.
The sensor, developed by physicists at the University of Sussex, is shaped like a flexible rubber tube filled with a solution of water, oil and particles graphene and is the most sensitive liquid-based devices to have ever been developed.
The sensors — two-dimensional material made from carbon atoms that is strong, flexible and conductive.
“We have created a sensor that has the potential to drastically improve early detection of life-threatening symptoms such as sleep apnoea or cardiac arrhythmia, where constant monitoring with conventional equipment is challenging outside of the hospital environment,” said Alan Dalton, Professor at the University of Sussex.
When a channel or tube holding the liquid is stretched, even by a small amount, the conductivity of the liquid changes.
This means that the respiration rates and pulses of people wearing the device can be tracked easily.
The device can help parents keep track of their new babies’ heart and breathing rates with automatic updates to their smart phones, using ‘fitness tracker’-style technology built into baby sleep suits.
It could also be transformative for anyone with life-threatening conditions such as sleep apnoea.
“Using the conducting liquid emulsions we have developed, we will produce cheap, wearable sensors based on graphene. The devices will be comfortable, non-invasive and can provide intuitive diagnostics of breathing and heart rate,” Dalton added, in the paper published in the journal Nanoscale.
“Graphene is very affordable as it can be produced using naturally-occurring graphite, so this could be rolled out on a big scale. This is good news for health services because the new technology will not be expensive to make and buy. It also means it should be affordable to individuals,” Dalton noted.
- ब्रेकफास्ट को इग्नोर करने से आपको भी हो सकता है इस बात का खतरा - April 19, 2019
- Hospital acquired infections (hai) can be fatal - April 19, 2019
- Endress+Hauser India eyes growth in domestic sales - April 18, 2019
- Over 2000 took benefit of free medical camp organised by ‘Ekata Manch’ - April 17, 2019
- Palliative Care: Where treatments & compassion go together - April 17, 2019
- L V Prasad Eye Institute’s second edition of Whitathon to create awareness on Retinoblastoma eye cancer - April 17, 2019
- World Hemophilia Day: Urgent need to establish dedicated Centres for Hemophilia - April 17, 2019
- Nizams grandchildren donate Medical Devices & Surgical items to Nizamia - April 17, 2019
- लोगों को खुशहाल और अच्छा महसूस कराती है मुस्कुराहटः Research - April 16, 2019
- Period अब समस्या नहीं, यह कंपनी देती है एक दिन की ‘पेड लीव’ - April 16, 2019


About This Site
The Metabolomics Explorer was created to provide easy access to Metabolomics data.
The data, housed by the DataCommons@PSU, is searchable and downloadable via the DataCommons interface.
The datacommons@psu was developed to provide a resource for data sharing, discovery, and archiving for the Penn State research and teaching community. Access to information is vital to the research, teaching, and outreach conducted at Penn State. The datacommons@psu serves as a data discovery tool, a data archive for research data created by PSU for projects funded by agencies.


By Lorianna Kastrop, Vice President, The Kastrop Group, Inc. Architects
We love our gadgets, don’t we? We have smart phones, smart TVs, and smart watches. Now we have the option to build smart buildings and smart houses. The Internet of Things is catching on fast. More and more of our devices are connected to the internet and when everything from computers and home security systems to baby monitors and refrigerators are online 24/7, they can be hacked. As we learned from the cyberattack that shut down major websites such as Twitter and Paypal last October while targeting the internet host Dyn, our devices can be hijacked for nefarious purposes.
If you like the convenience of these devices and want them installed in your home or office, you may want to consider cybersecurity as part of your decision-making process. Your architect can refer you to a consultant that can provide valuable technical expertise for your project. A recent article in the San Francisco Business Times headlined “The Dark Side of the Internet of Things” summarizes this issue and ranks several installed devices as “Disastrous, Disruptive or Damaging”. These include IP-Connected Security Systems and Climate Control and Energy Meters (Disastrous), Smart Video Conference Systems, Connected Printers and VOIP phones (Disruptive) and Smart Fridges and Smart Lightbulbs (Damaging). Unfortunately, you must be a subscriber to view the article, but if you are a subscriber or wish to subscribe, here is the link: http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2016/11/03/internet-of-things-hackers-dyna-attack-cyber-ddos.html
That is alarming and it doesn’t even address the privacy issue, an Orwellian concern that is becoming more real every day. “Wired” published an article titled “Smart Homes of the Future Will Know Us by Our Heartbeats” https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/10/smart-homes-of-the-future/ If that makes you cringe, then maybe you will want to be thoughtful about what you are installing and how much security is built into the device. If you are thinking that it would be cool to have your surroundings and devices programmed to recognize and respond to you automatically, then maybe you are one of the early adopters of this technology.
While we don’t take a positive or negative approach to the Internet of Things, we do want our clients to be informed about their choices. Some of our clients are eager to install these new devices and we will create designs that incorporate them. Others choose just a few options, such as home entertainment systems and wi-fi, but aren’t ready to jump into the deep end with IP-connected infrastructure.
When you are making these decisions, you can start by checking with the suppliers or manufacturers of the devices you are considering installing at your home or business and ask about how much security has been incorporated into them. Some of this information is already available online, and you can use your web browser to access articles regarding device security. Whenever possible, use two-factor identification, such as getting a text on your mobile phone whenever your system has been accessed to verify that you initiated the access. Use complicated passwords that can’t be easily guessed and don’t use the same password on all your devices. Yes, this is an annoyance. There are good password storage applications available, such as LastPass, to help you with this chore.
As architects, we want your built environment to meet your needs. We want you to have access to modern conveniences. In this new world of rapidly advancing technology, we are also learning what is safe to use, and what might pose a concern. It is worth taking time to do the research and make careful choices.


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Used Radiological Instruments
Great deal on used instrumentation at a 50% rate.
Canberra Osprey w/Bicron 3x3 Scintillation Detectors
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Slightly used for about 5 months on a field project. Kept in lab for counting soil samples.
The Osprey® is a high-performance, fully integratedmulti-channel analyzer (MCA) tube base that contains everything needed to support scintillation spectrometry. Designed for both laboratory and field use, this one compact unit contains a high-voltage power supply (HVPS), preamplifier and a full-featured digital MCA. Osprey can be controlled through either USB or Ethernet with no need to purchase two separate units - an industry first. USB or Ethernet, there is only one cable connecting the Osprey to the control and data acquisition system. With software, shielding & detector stands and computers for both systems. Easy to transport.
EG&G ORTEC FIELD PORTABLE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER MODEL GMX-45225-P-S DART
EG&G ORTEC field portable gamma spectrometer. This system consists of a detector by which samples are analyzed. The EG&G ORTEC gamma spectrometer is used for field and laboratory screening of environmental samples to calculate concentrations of radionuclides.
Canberra High-purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector Model GC/S2623
Germanium detectors are semiconductor diodes having a p-i-n structure in which the intrinsic (I) region is sensitive to ionizing radiation, particularly x rays and gamma rays. Under reverse bias, an electric field extends across the intrinsic or depleted region. When photons interact with the material within the depleted volume of a detector, charge carriers (holes and electrons) are produced and are swept by the electric field to the P and N electrodes. This charge, which is in proportion to the energy deposited in the detector by the incoming photon, is converted into a voltage pulse by an integral charge sensitive preamplifier.
Other Opportunities to Buy
Additional Field Lab Instrumentation
Canberra detector model GC/s2623 $12,500
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PWM is a fundamental feature of any microcontroller (MCU). Popular use cases of PWM are to control motor speed or vary the brightness of an LED.
In this article, we will learn about PWM signals. We’ll run several programs implementing PWM in the application. We’ll see how we can easily monitor the PWM features, such as frequency and duty cycle, using the logic analyzer.
We’ll learn how to add a logic analyzer on Wokwi, make connections, and log and view the PWM data. Logic analyzer helps you view the voltage status on pins, measure pulse widths, observe timings between two events, and more!
Let's capture! 🔭
Basics of a PWM signal
PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation. It's a way to control the amount of power going to an electronic device by turning it on and off very quickly. Imagine you have a light bulb that you want to control how bright it is. Like a blink, you can toggle the power on and off really fast.
PWM is used in many electronic devices like fans, LEDs, and motors to control how fast or how bright they are. It's also used in things like dimmer switches for lights and speed controllers for electric vehicles. It's a handy technique to control the power and efficiency of different devices with a simple circuit.
What is a duty cycle of a PWM signal?
The amount of time the power is on compared to the amount of time it's off is called the "duty cycle."
To calculate the duty cycle, measure the signal's pulse width when it’s in the “
high” state, and the signal's total period. Then, divide the “
high” pulse width by the period(
Tcycle) of the signal. The image below is a graphical illustration of the duty cycle.
So if the power is on for half the time and off for half the time, the duty cycle is
50%. If the PWM signal is on for
80% of the time and off for
20% of the time, the duty cycle is
By varying the duty cycle, you can increase or decrease the total power delivered to the load in small steps.
The image below shows a signal with four different duty cycle settings.
How to calculate the frequency of a PWM signal?
Frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz), is the number of repeating events per unit time. For example, if an LED turns on and off 10 times per second, its frequency is
For a cyclic signal, such as an SPI Clock, the signal's frequency is
T is the one-cycle period.
Which pins are PWM compatible?
Most of the MCUs will have PWM-compatible pins. For example, the Arduino UNO has several pins capable of producing Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals. These digital pins are marked with the tilde (
~) symbol next to them on the board. Note that these are hardware PWM pins.
On the Arduino UNO, the following pins are PWM compatible:
These pins are on the digital side of the Arduino UNO, and can be used for PWM output using the
analogWrite() function in the Arduino programming language.
You can create PWM on any pin using software and timer interrupts. Pretty cool, right?
analogWrite() function takes two arguments:
- the first is the pin number that you want to generate the PWM signal on, and
- the second is the duty cycle of the signal, which should be an integer value between
For example, if you want to generate a PWM signal with a
50% duty cycle on
pin 3, you can use the following line of code:
This will cause
pin 3 to switch on and off rapidly, and during
50% of the time
pin 3 will be high, and during the other
50% it will be low. The
VALUE sets the duty cycle, which controls the signal's on/off time ratio.
You have to use hardware timers. However, be aware that modifying the timer settings may cause certain Arduino functions to cease working properly.💀
It's also important to note that Not all the PWM pins are created equal; They may have different maximum frequencies and/or resolution. For example, in Arduino UNO, you can find 6 PWM pins with the following properties.
|PWM Pins||Frequency||Timer ID|
|Pin 5 and 6||980 Hz||Timer 0|
|Pin 9 and 10||490 Hz||Timer 1|
|Pin 3 and 11||490 Hz||Timer 2|
Monitoring the PWM Signal
Let us now put on our "Geek glasses" and start monitoring PWM signals on Wokwi. Follow this link to learn the basics of setting up a Wokwi logic analyzer and viewing signals.
You can use the prebuilt project, which fades the LED connected to
pin 5 of the Arduino UNO. Run the simulation for 3-5 seconds, then stop the simulation. Notice that the logic analyzer displays the number of samples recorded.
Once you stop the simulation, save the log file. Open it in the PulseView application. The data line transitions similar to the image below will appear.
You can further zoom in on the data region to see the signal in more detail. The measured frequency is
In the next step, we will add the protocol analyzer to read the PWM duty cycle and frequency.
Adding the PWM Protocol Analyzer
- Click the “Add protocol decoder” button at the top. This is the yellow and green icon. The “Decoder Selector” pane will slide into the right-hand side of the screen.
- Type PWM on the Decoder Selector’s search bar. Then, double-click PWM from the search results.
- A PWM row will be added below the
You can click on the protocol analyzer PWM label (green color button in the image below) to view and edit the PWM information and select the Data line.
Hooray! You can now observe the duty cycle and the signal period easily!
Changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal
Let’s vary the duty cycle and observe the waveforms on the logic analyzer.
Case 1: 25% Duty Cycle
To create a
25% duty cycle, the
analogWrite() function should have a
Check it out! The PWM duty cycle is showing up on the analyzer and it's looking good. It's showing
25%, which is precisely what we set in the code. All good there!
64come from? How was it determined that
64should be used to achieve a
To arrive at a
25%duty cycle, the calculation is:
(25 * 255) / 100 = 63.75. Since the
analogWrite()can only be an integer, I have used the nearest integer value,
In the next section, we’ll change the duty cycle to
Case 2: 75% Duty Cycle
To create a duty cycle of
75%, change the
191 and rerun the simulation.
Great! We now created a PWM signal with a
75% duty cycle. In the next section, we will monitor both PWM Pins
3 of the Arduino UNO.
0%duty cycle in PWM means the signal is always off, like turning off a motor or LED permanently. A
100%duty cycle means the signal is always on, delivering maximum power to the load.
PWM can also be used to control ON/OFF devices by setting the duty cycle to
Monitor two PWM signals
Let’s also connect Arduino UNO’s pin
3 to the logic analyzer. Click the link below to quickly access the project.
Rerun the simulation, then add one more PWM protocol analyzer to the logic data line
D2. Below is a screenshot of the signal from the PulseView application. We can observe both PWM signals and the timings on those pins.
- PWM duty cycle of
~75%for PWM pin
- PWM duty cycle of
~50%for PWM pin
- The frequency of the signal on Pin
- The frequency of the signal on Pin
When the PWM frequency is high, the signal's rise and fall time can affect the accuracy of the signal, especially when the duty cycle is close to
Rise time - The amount of time it takes for a signal to transition from a low to a high voltage level.
Fall time - The amount of time it takes for a signal to transition from a high to a low voltage level.
Note: In piezoelectric speakers, you can control the audio output using a fixed duty cycle with variable frequency PWM. The duty cycle controls the amplitude or volume of the audio output, while the frequency controls the pitch or tone.
This article provided an in-depth look at PWM signals. We observed how to use the Wokwi simulator to monitor and analyze these signals on a logic analyzer. I believe that you have gained a deeper understanding and newfound appreciation for PWM and its capabilities. With this understanding, you can efficiently utilize a logic analyzer to build and troubleshoot PWM projects.


Watt is going on in my home?Fri 20 October 2023
A while ago I purchased a energy meter to monitor the energy usage in my home. The energy meter showed that I was using more than 85 watts of electricity continuously. I decided that it would be interesting to figure out what is causing this and whether my energy usage could be improved.
TP-Link P115 | Smart socket & Energy monitor
I bought 2 energy monitoring sockets. They operate using Wi-Fi. This means that they are easy to setup using an app and do not require additional hardware. I decided to buy the TP-Link P115, because they are small and cheap.
Installation using my phone was straightforward. I had to create a account with TP-Link. Soon enough I was able to monitor the energy usage and switch the sockets remotely.
I decided to measure the power consumption of a single socket and discovered it consumes <1 watt.
If you are looking for very detailed monitoring, then this socket lacks the detail. It is not able to show small loads very well and quick peaks are sometimes not visualized. However for use in a home, it exceeds my expectations.
Things I have learned
I have measured several devices in my home. This is what I have learned.
- Our older Miele washing machine is consuming less then expected. One program is far beyond 1KWh. The maximum power usage peaks around 2200 watts in the beginning, but afterwards it is around ~50 watts peak.
- Our Close-in (kitchen) boiler consumes about 0,45 KWh per day. Switching it off for most of the day, like in this blog article is not very helpful. It saves 0,1 KWh per day, but the water does not stay hot for very long.
- Our Denons HEOS 1 HS2 speakers consume 4 watts each when being in stand-by and connected to WiFi. This is something worth to address, because we do not use them very often.
- Our TV + Chromecast with Google TV (HD) + Xbox One S setup consumes less then a watt while being connected to WiFi.
I will continue with measuring the energy usage of the devices in my home. In the mean time I will try to think about how to reduce the energy usage without reducing the comfort too much.
I think it is worth finding solutions for small power draws. Because every watt saved results in a free washing machine run every month!


Spill coffee or pop on your expensive laptop or drop your cell phone in the toilet? Have you been told your logic board (motherboard) needs to be replaced, and it will cost $400-700? Or worse, that it isn't repairable?
Protec-IT specialize's in repairing liquid-damaged laptops and offers data recovery options for people who have liquid damaged cell phones or tablets. Our techs have developed a highly specialized skill set for liquid damage repairs and we have the required tools. We offer a flat rate for liquid damaged laptops!
What should I do if my device has been exposed to liquid?
1) Firstly turn the device OFF immediately
2) If you can access the battery disconnect it.
3) Then take your device to a reputable liquid damage specialist ASAP!
** Please remember the damage will continue until the device is cleaned with the PROPER tools.
What if I can't get to a repair shop?
1) Make sure you have the device turned off and remove the battery if you can.
2) Pour 99.9% alcohol in a container and put the device in and swish it around. The alcohol will displace the liquid and hopefully stop any further corrosive damage to the device. Do NOT turn the device on. Take it to a repair shop ASAP.
3) If you cannot find 99.9% alcohol then use distilled water in the same fashion, pour in a container and swish it around DON'T turn it on and take it to a repair shop ASAP
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About the Journal
Journal of Nanoscope is a peer reviewed journal in all disciplines of Science, Computing, Engineering and Medicine that covers all the fundamental and applied research. The journal facilitates the research and wishes to publish papers as long as they are technically correct, scientifically motivated, experimental in nature and theoretically important.
OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF THE JOURNAL:
JN publishes all aspects of science and technology dealing with Physics, Nano Technology, Nano Particles, Computational Science and Technology, Neru Computing, and Machine Learning.


Black-Start Capability - A Global first for ScottishPower Renewables
With just one year to go until the eyes of the world are on Glasgow for the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26), ScottishPower Renewables (SPR) has achieved what is believed to be a global first – using energy from a 69MW of onshore wind turbines to re-energise part of the power grid.
The successful project, at Dersalloch windfarm in South Ayrshire, proves wind power can restore a ‘blacked-out’ section of the transmission network. ‘Black Start’ restoration – the name given to the procedure used to restore power in the event of a total or partial shutdown of the electricity transmission system – is often reliant on traditional fossil fuels like coal and gas. So, delivering Black Start using renewables is not just an extraordinary achievement, but a pioneering world first.
The project saw SPR partner Siemens Gamesa Renewables Energy (SGRE) to deploy the latest technology at the windfarm to make this happen. SPR and SGRE also worked in collaboration with ScottishPower Energy Networks (SPEN) when it was time to interact with the grid. This highly innovative project also received part-funding from the Scottish Government.
The project used ‘grid-forming’ technology called virtual synchronous machines (VSM) to regulate the frequency and voltage of the power from the turbines – essentially forming a stable network island – to keep the electricity system stable and balanced. The technology was then used to integrate that supply with the grid and restore the part of the system that had been blacked out.
Its success provides the basis for Dersalloch to become the world’s first ‘Black Start’ windfarm by 2022, with work to install new infrastructure and battery storage at the site expected to be underway by November next year, when COP26 takes place in nearby Glasgow.


GENEVA: Publication No. WO/2014/202218 was published on March 3 by WIPO.
Title of the invention: COOLING DEVICE FOR A CURRENT CONVERTER MODULE
VENSYS ELEKTROTECHNIK GMBH [DE/DE]; Dieselstraße 12 49359 Diepholz (DE)
MEYER, Christoph; (DE)
According to the abstract published by the World Intellectual Property Organization on its website: "The invention relates to a cooling device for a current converter module. In order to prevent the formation of condensation in a cooling device for a current converter module, the cooling device has a cooling liquid channel, which conducts a liquid coolant, which is interconnected to a cooling circuit, having a heat exchanger which is interconnected in the cooling circuit and to which a power component is coupled...


The temperature of lightning is far hotter than you might imagine. In fact, it can exceed the temperature of even the surface of the Sun.
The Thermal Dynamics of Lightning
A lightning bolt is a sudden electrostatic discharge during a thunderstorm. This discharge occurs between electrically charged regions of a cloud, between two clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. The rapid heating and cooling of the air near the lightning channel causes a shock wave, resulting in thunder.
The temperature within the lightning channel can soar to approximately 30,000 Kelvin. In contrast, the surface temperature of the Sun is estimated to be around 5,500 Kelvin. The stark difference in temperature underlines the concentrated energy release within the brief lifespan of a lightning strike.
Comparing the Temperature of Lightning and the Sun
The Sun, at its core, reaches temperatures of about 15 million Kelvin, due to nuclear fusion processes that power the star. However, the Sun’s surface, or photosphere, is cooler. When comparing the temperatures of a lightning bolt and the Sun’s surface, it is the localized, intense heat of the lightning that surpasses the Sun’s surface temperature.
This comparison is intriguing because it juxtaposes the vast, nuclear-powered furnace of our star with the transient atmospheric phenomenon on Earth, illustrating the range of natural thermal processes in the universe.
The extreme temperature of lightning has several implications. Firstly, it is responsible for the ionization of the air, which facilitates the electrical discharge that we see as lightning. Secondly, the high temperature is capable of splitting nitrogen molecules in the air, allowing them to react with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides, compounds that play a crucial role in the formation of smog and acid rain but also contribute to the natural fertilization of plant life.
Understanding Atmospheric Electricity
The study of lightning and its temperature contributes to our broader understanding of atmospheric electricity and weather phenomena. By analyzing lightning, scientists can improve predictive models of thunderstorms and better understand the electrical and thermal dynamics of our atmosphere.
Furthermore, insights gained from studying lightning are applied in developing technologies for lightning prediction and protection, minimizing its threat to life and property.
The Fascinating Nature of the Temperature of Lightning
The fact that a lightning bolt is hotter than the surface of the Sun encapsulates the fascinating nature of atmospheric phenomena. It reminds us of the powerful forces at play within our own planet’s weather systems and the dynamic conditions that govern life on Earth.
The study of lightning stands at the intersection of meteorology, physics, and environmental science, offering a window into the complex interactions that define our world.


Charging is something that almost all of us do every day and that’s because we own lots of devices that require recharging. For the most part, lots of use USB wall chargers and it makes sense as most USB chargers have lots of charging ports and they also have powerful charging. With that said, the main flaw with USB chargers is that you have to stay near them and charge your devices and that can be frustrating if you have things to do and places to be. That is why power banks exist.
Power banks are portable chargers that you’re able to take with you anywhere and they’re the fastest growing type of charging electronic that’s currently being used. Power banks are growing not only because you can take them anywhere that you want; it’s also because power banks have many types. The reason for this is because there are lots of charging electronics companies that sell power banks and that leads to a lot of innovation to what portable chargers are able to provide.
So as useful as just any power bank can be, it’s important to know the types that there are so you’re able to better understand what types of portable charger to purchase.
Mini Power banks
Power banks are among the most used types of portable chargers and that’s because of their extremely small sizes and lightweight. The reasons that Mini power banks are so small and light in weight are because they have low power capacities. These low power capacities are able to range from 3,000mAh to 5,000mAh. As a result, they’re so small that they’re able to fit into your pocket or you can hold them in a single hand while you’re charging your smartphone.
With that said, as popular as Mini power banks are, the main flaw that they have is that they lack a lot of power. Since they have low power capacities, it means that they can only charge a smartphone once or twice before it’s fully recharged. Also, these types of chargers only have a single charging port, so you can only charge a single device at a time. However, with newer Mini power banks, the charging speeds of the port that these power banks have is actually quite fast.
High Capacity Power Bank
On the other side of the spectrum of portable chargers, there are high capacity power banks. These type of power banks aren’t used as much as smaller ones, with the main reason being that they have larger sizes and heavier weights. So this type of charger isn’t going to be fitting into your pocket and neither are you able to hold it in a single hand for very long because it’s quite heavy. Instead, for what these high capacity power banks lack with their portability, they’re able to make up for it with the amount of power that they’re able to provide.
Since they have high power capacities, it means that they’re able to charge devices like smartphones, tablets and even laptops many times over. In addition to that, these power bank also have lots of charging ports, and this gives them the ability to charge lots of devices at once. However, the main thing to watch out for with power banks that have lots of ports is that you must know the charging speed of each port before you go ahead and purchase it. The main reason is that you want each of the devices that you’re charging to charge at a good speed.
Rugged Power banks
Just like many electronics, power banks are quite fragile as most of them are not able to survive falls onto the hard ground and neither they waterproof. However, Rugged power banks are the type of chargers that are a lot tougher. That’s because Rugged portable chargers are ones that have lots of reinforcements, and that makes them able to withstand things like drops onto the hard ground; as well as being water resistant.
Power banks that are waterproof have charging port covering and that makes them able to go over ports and make the power bank waterproof. With that said, just because a power bank is waterproof does not mean that it’s able to be immersed into water. The reason for this is because Rugged power banks have Enclosure levels and depending on what the Enclosure levels of power banks are, the charger is able to take jets of water or it can be immersed.
For the most part, Rugged power banks have been marketed towards people that are in the outdoors a lot and it makes sense. With that said, Rugged power banks are just as useful if you’re using them as everyday portable chargers. The main reason for that is because threats such as dropping the power bank or getting water on it are just as prevalent.
Built-in Cable Power Banks
Charging cables are needed for every charging electronic that we use. Even Wireless chargers require charging cables for being powered on. However, a power bank is one of the most important charging electronics to always have a charging cable with and that’s because there are times when you can forget your charging cable at home. If that happens, then you’re stuck with a useless piece of portable power.
That is why there are power banks have had their own charging cables built right into the power bank. The benefit of this is that the power bank is always reliable and ready to use because the cable installed directly into the power bank. Another reason that these type of power banks are reliable is because there are lots of different types of them.
Power banks with built-in cables are able to have just a single built-in cable, all the way to having two built-in cables, a USB port and also a way to recharge the power bank such as an AC Adapter or a USB cable.
Customer support service by UserEcho


Solar energy, radiation from the Sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. The total amount of solar energy incident on Earth is vastly in excess of the world’s current and anticipated energy requirements. If suitably harnessed, this highly diffused source has the potential to satisfy all future energy needs. In the 21st century solar energy is expected to become increasingly attractive as a renewable energy source because of its inexhaustible supply and its nonpolluting character, in stark contrast to the finite fossil fuels coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
The Sun is an extremely powerful energy source, and sunlight is by far the largest source of energy received by Earth, but its intensity at Earth’s surface is actually quite low. This is essentially because of the enormous radial spreading of radiation from the distant Sun. A relatively minor additional loss is due to Earth’s atmosphere and clouds, which absorb or scatter as much as 54 percent of the incoming sunlight. The sunlight that reaches the ground consists of nearly 50 percent visible light, 45 percent infrared radiation, and smaller amounts of ultraviolet and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
The potential for solar energy is enormous, since about 200,000 times the world’s total daily electric-generating capacity is received by Earth every day in the form of solar energy. Unfortunately, though solar energy itself is free, the high cost of its collection, conversion, and storage still limits its exploitation in many places. Solar radiation can be converted either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the former is easier to accomplish. Continue reading from Encyclopedia Britannica
Solar radiation is light – also known as electromagnetic radiation – that is emitted by the sun. While every location on Earth receives some sunlight over a year, the amount of solar radiation that reaches any one spot on the Earth’s surface varies. Solar technologies capture this radiation and turn it into useful forms of energy. There are two main types of solar energy technologies—photovoltaics (PV) and concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP).
You're likely most familiar with PV, which is utilized in solar panels. When the sun shines onto a solar panel, energy from the sunlight is absorbed by the PV cells in the panel. This energy creates electrical charges that move in response to an internal electrical field in the cell, causing electricity to flow.
Concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) systems use mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect solar energy and convert it to heat, which can then be used to produce electricity or stored for later use. It is used primarily in very large power plants.
Solar energy technology doesn’t end with electricity generation by PV or CSP systems. These solar energy systems must be integrated into homes, businesses, and existing electrical grids with varying mixtures of traditional and other renewable energy sources. A number of non-hardware costs, known as soft costs, also impact the cost of solar energy. These costs include permitting, financing, and installing solar, as well as the expenses solar companies incur to acquire new customers, pay suppliers, and cover their bottom line. For rooftop solar energy systems, soft costs represent the largest share of total costs. Continue reading from US Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy


|Vectorial Elevation Technology|
|Vectorial Elevation consists of a network of computers that process user requests on a first-come first-serve basis. Here are the different technologies involved:
The user reaches www.alzado.net via a fixed IP address from Telefónica, our telecom partner and sponsor. They installed a 10Mbps ATM internet connection in the control room at the Artium Museum as well as two private lines to webcams located around the city.
The web server is a Linux/Apache box behind a firewall. The server runs a queue programmed in perl and shell, serves pages and applets, relays video and sends emails to participants.
To make a design, the user downloads a Java applet that contains Shout3D code from Eyematic Interfaces in California. Shout3D allows for real time 3D visualization of vrml files without the need for browser plug-ins in the vast majority of platforms. Eyematic kindly donated a software license for their product for the project website. The virtual world was modelled by Arquimedia in Madrid. When the participant submits a request the applet sends the exact x, y and z coordinates of each of the 18 virtual searchlights, as well as user information such as name, location and comments. The server queues this request.
When a request reaches the head of the queue, the data is sent to a 3D DMX application written by APR inc. in Canada. This application knows the exact 3D position of each searchlight thanks to a calibration performed with differential GPS units and traditional surveying. The DMX application sends appropriate DMX commands over serial cable to the 18 Syncrolite SX7K searchlights to direct them to the desired location. The SX7Ks are new-generation 7kW xenon robotic fixtures that produce a very collimated lightbeam.
When the searchlights produce the participant's design four Axis webcams, provided in part by Azlan in Madrid, take digital pictures from the Santa Maria Cathedral, the Bilbaina Hotel, and two Artium buildings. The images are watermarked with the participant's information using a custom-made application. As soon as the pictures are taken, a web page is built for the participant and an email is sent to him or her with its URL.
A user may view his or her web page by entering the personal code or by typing the URL in a web browser. The personal page contains the real and virtual images of the user's design as well as their name, location, date, time and comments.
A Java applet allows visitors to see the four project cameras in real time and shows an annotated aerial view of the city.


Ignore how a memory address is generated by program. Interesting in only the sequence of memory addresses generated by the running program
The process must be executed in the memory, so memory manager is needed by every process
Input Queue: The collection of processes on the disk that is waiting to be brought into memory for execution forms the input queue
The normal procedure is to select one of the processes in the input-queue and to load that process into memory
Most system allow a user process to reside in any part of the physical memory. Address may be represented in different ways.
- Source code: symbolic address
- Complie: bind these symbolic address to relocatable addresses
- Linking or Loading: bind these relocatable addresses to absolute address
Each binding is a mapping from one address space to another
The literal text contained with address is defined in programming lanuage. The complie know this address. The absolute code can be generated. The code is recompiled when it is changed.
In this step, the address already had been generated by the compiler. This address is called relocatable code. The binding is delayed until load time. The code only need be reloaded to incorporate the change value.
The binding address must be delayed until run time. Special hardware must be available for this scheme to work
Logical Address space vs. Physical Address Space
The memory can be understaned as address and the space started in this address. The memory’s manipulation is also operating that space.
Logical-Address Space: an address generated by the CPU
Physical-Address Space: an address loaded into the memory-address register
address-binding methods generate identical logical and physical address.
result in differing logical and physical address. logical address = virtual address
The set of all logical address generated by a program is a logical-address space.
The set of all physical address corresponding to these logical address is a physical-address space
MMU: The run-time mapping from virtual to physical addresses is done by a hardware device called the memory-management unit (MMU)
The user program never sees the real physical address. The user program supplies logical address; these logical address must be mapped to physical addresses before they are used.


As a promoter of HD map and autonomous driving, GEO is committed to realizing the philosophy of Mapping the Future through technology changes.
The total number of crowdsourcing equipment on the GEO platform is the highest in the country. Its crowdsourcing vehicles will exceed 10 million, covering more than 300 cities in China and more than 300,000 kilometers main road network and including more than 200 map attributes and 45 map core elements. The automation rate of the AI map platform is above 90%, realizing high-frequency update per hour and adding more than 200 million kilometers every day. In addition, through the technology of “Geography + Transportation + Artificial intelligence”, GEO is entitled of the capability to handle all kinds of driving big data, and to analyze and divide the road data into the facility layer, environment layer and behavior layer, building the five-dimensional space-time intelligent database of people, cars, roads, transportation and nature, first nationwide. Based on HD map, GEO put forward the solution of autonomous driving technology that has been approved and adopted by many German auto companies, Tire1 and Japanese car companies. The implementation project has been integrated into the car enterprise system and has mass production plans
GEO becomes the first Chinese company to truly make autonomous driving technology delivered in business applications and promotion. Now GEO is the first and only company that proposes that HD Map can be used not only for autonomous driving, but also for industry-wide empowerment：Its GEO+ products have been successfully applied in logistics, shared travel, advanced commercial navigation, real-time location services, smart city, etc., and have already reached cooperation with some leading enterprises.
GEO will provide the most liveliest, the most accurate, richest and the most intelligent HD map services persistently .


RAE Systems QRAE 3 Multi Gas Detector
- By RAE Systems
RAE Systems new QRAE 3 is a versatile, rugged, one- to four-sensor pumped or diffusion gas monitor that provides continuous exposure monitoring of oxygen (O2), combustibles, and toxic gases, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) for workers and responders in hazardous environments.
The QRAE 3’s wireless communications capability enables access to real-time instrument readings and alarm status (including Man Down alarm) from any location for better visibility and faster response. Real-time hazard readings can also be communicated to the ProRAE Guardian Safety System and the EchoView Host Mini-Controller Closed-Loop Wireless System for safety-enhancing wireless monitoring.
The wireless QRAE 3 monitor provides safety officers and commanders real-time remote access to the readings and alarm status of workers and responders. Safety officers who are outside the immediate incident area can have the same real-time situational awareness as those in the “hot zone.” This can help facilitate faster, data-driven decision making to alert responders, save lives and protect assets.
Applications include industrial safety, confined space entry, multi-gas leak detection, environmental remediation, refinery turnarounds, fireground and HazMat response.
- Real-time gas detector readings and alarm status enabled by state of the art wireless technology
- Unmistakable five-way local and remote wireless notification of alarm conditions
- Intuitive simple-to-operate two-button user interface
- Strong, protective, concussion-proof design
- IP-65/67 water- and dust-resistant case


GPS trackers are great for helping us navigate our trips and getting us to our destinations. While the technology has become much more advanced, the units can still be cost prohibitive. Below are 4 of the less expensive (but still effective) GPS units you can buy for your upcoming trip.
MOTO safety OBD GPS Tracker Tool
This is a versatile GPS tracker for your car. The MOTO safety OBD is capable of tracking your vehicle via a 3G GPS. The gadget is connected to your automobile with the OBD2 port. Afterwards, you can track it utilizing a suitable mobile tracking application. The MOTO safety OBD GPS Tracker is very accurate. It can offer you information about the driving direction, traffic, as well as speed of your car or truck. This data is provided to you via Google Maps. This GPS tracker is one of the most affordable monitoring devices presently available for sale on Amazon. You can get it for $25.
LandAirSea Silver Cloud GPS Tracker
This is a GPS tracker that works by plugging into your automobile’s port. The Silver Cloud GPS Tracker can supplying the area of your car with high precision of within 6 feet. The GPS monitoring gadget features a compatible SIM card too. This enables you to track your automobile via a website supplied by their software application. Alternatively, you can track it using a mobile application. The Silver Cloud is easy to use and is pretty much plug and play. You do not need to insert batteries or charge it before using. Moreover, it is easy to start comprehensive driving records for your review. The device is currently offered on Amazon. You can buy it at a price of $25.
Veriot Endeavor GPS tracking gadget
This is a GPS monitoring device that you can utilize to monitor the placement of your vehicle. The Endeavor can supplying you with real-time data about your vehicle’s current location. The system features a SIM card from AT&T. From this source, you are able to figure out the specific collaborates of your car online, using a smart device, or tablet computer. This GPS monitoring device can be used to track your vehicle with a Bluetooth link too. The Endeavor can go for up to 5 days when fully charged. You can buy it on Amazon.com and is offered at a price of $70.
CarLock Advanced Tracker
This is a functional system that you can use of to track your automobile. The CarLock Advanced Tracker gives you with the precise location of your car. This tracker is compatible with your auto’s 01302 port. You are provided with an application that assists in tracking the car’s setting too. The CarLock system can offer you with real-time GPS details without any pauses or delays. It can deliver information about any potential road hazards that may lie ahead. This versatile system is among the low-cost monitoring devices presently offered on Amazon and you can get it for $60.


The Little Jack Portable USB Charger is a lightweight portable charger that is fully compatible with almost every modern smartphone. This charger is also compatible to use with most iPods, kindles, iPads, e-readers and tables. The Little Jack charger will recharge a single or multiple devices up to five times faster than your standard charger. It comes complete with a 4-in-1 charging cable featuring USB, micro USB, 30 pin and Lightning compatible connections. The charger can be recharged through its built in USB connection and can be recharged up to 1,000 times.
Compatible with smartphones, e-readers & tablets
Comes with 4-in-1 charging cable
Charged via built-in USB connection


New opportunity, digital disruption, an aging workforce and obsolete technologies are all making IBM i Application Modernization and Digital Transformation enablement a necessity.
The need for companies to have modern, agile systems is no longer a nice to have. In order to compete, quickly adapt and create routes to new markets, companies need to adopt digital abilities – and fast. For companies that invested in developing applications on IBM’s Power Systems IBM i (formerly known as AS/400), the foundation is rock solid. While applications are often dated and resources scarce, these applications contain the processes and investments that allow for ongoing innovation – at a pace and cost that is viable for all.
Fresche’s Smart Modernization (automated tools + expert resources + proven approach) is a cost- effective, low-risk way to take advantage of the innovations in modern, open technologies – paving the way for companies to effectively compete, grow, remain relevant and disrupt their markets.
In a world where digital transformation projects often take twice as long and cost twice as much as anticipated, IBM i shops need smart modernization at a smart cost.


SpectraPick is an innovative calibration software for multispectral measurements, based on sophisticated Artificial Intelligence algorithms.
The peculiarity of SpectraPick consists in the ability to measure the spectral reflectance at each point of the acquired image, in the range between 300 and 1000 nanometers, or from ultraviolet to near infrared using CMOS silicon RGB cameras. Actually, SpectraPick is not bended to specific electromagnetic bands, but it can work for any wavelenght, provided that the acquisition is carried out with a suitable camera and a ColorChecker measured in the band under investigation.
The software is the only product on the market capable of providing high colorimetric and radiometric precision measurements starting from very high resolution photographic images, obtained with a reduced number of optical filters.
In order to process the images, acquired in situ under controlled conditions, SpectraPick requires correct lighting and the presence of radiometric references (ColorChecker) and exposure references, previously measured in the laboratory.
Subsequently SpectraPick converts the incoming images, acquired in RAW format, into real radiometric and colorimetric information, creating a mathematical basis for the generation of the output bands according to the real and virtual filters used.
According to an effective, fast and easy-to-use operating mode, the software is able to resample the images, align them with each other, starting from a reference image (Filter A), and calibrate them correctly.
At the end of this process are generated a CIELAB calibrated colorimetric image (exportable in Adobe RGB) and a series of monochromatic images, corresponding, based on the number of real filters used (2 or 4), respectively at 7 or 14 bands, with a radiometric precision higher than 98% and a colorimetric precision lower than DeltaE = 2. The number of output bands also grows exponentially if a certain number of virtual filters are also generated.
After calibration with SpectraPick, the images can be viewed and processed with the PickViewer software.
To read the features of SpectraPick


Developing custom software or hardware for IoT and embedded systems is challenging. It's crucial to understand the scope of the undertaking and all its potential bumps. IoT QA testing presents three major challenges.
Complexity is the biggest challenge of IoT testing. A connected IoT infrastructure sends and receives uncountable signals every day. There are several reasons why an error could send the system off track:
Innumerable platforms. IoT systems have many hardware and software components that work together. Hardware and software elements must work flawlessly together for the infrastructure to function. Any interaction between software and hardware can lead to errors due to the peculiarities of the environment, during data transfer, or at any other stage.
Excessive communication protocols. Many communication protocols are used for IoT networks to communicate with one another and their controllers. Real-time or near-real-time communication is required. Hardware and software integration can pose compatibility, security, scalability, and upgrade issues.
Too much attack surface. Businesses become more vulnerable as they grow. Furthermore, it is nearly impossible to run all the necessary penetration tests manually, making IoT automation testing even more important.
No test frameworks
Every IoT ecosystem is different. Regardless of how complex or simple your enterprise IoT is, you need a test automation framework. In IoT development, there is no out-of-the-box framework that meets all of its unique requirements. An expert will be able to develop a test framework tailored to your ecosystem's specific needs.
System complexity contributes to the problem. A system's layers - device, gateway, cloud, data - must also be tested separately and in relation to one another.
Hard to automate and integrate into CI/CD
IoT QA also faces the challenge of automating the testing process and integrating it into CI/CD. Testing IoT automation must be an integral part of the development process. In most companies, testing cannot be automated and integrated with CI/CD, causing unnecessary overhead.


Your electro installation company from Kleve is member of:
- the Chamber of Industry and Commerce (IHK) Duisburg
- the Chamber of Crafts Düsseldorf
- the Electro Guild Kleve, Goch
The traditional classification of electrotechnology was the heavy current engineering, which today finds itself in the energy and propulsion technology, which, again, transformed into communications technology. Later, fields like electrical measurement technique and automation technology as well as electronics were added.
The electrical energy technology (formerly heavy current engineering) focuses on the retrieval, transfer and transformation of electric energy, as well as on high voltage technology. In most cases, electric energy is retrieved by transforming mechanical rotation energy by means of generators. Additionally, consumers' energy and propulsion technology belong to the field of classic heavy current engineering. The topic of electric installations, as can be found in in households and industy in many ways, belong to the field of electric energy transfer in the low voltage technology.
Propulsion technology, formerly regarded as "heavy current engineering", too, converts electrical energy to mechnical energy by means of electric machines. Classic electric machines are synchronous, asynchronous and D.C. machines. But there are many more types existing in the field of small engines. More recent is the development of linear induction motors, which convert electric energy directly to mechanical-linear motion, without the "detour" of rotation. Propulsion technology plays a large role in automation technology, because here a variety of motions has to be put in practice by electric impulse. Again, electronics play a large role in propulsion technology, on the one hand for the control and management of propulsion, on the other hand propulsions are supplied with electric energy by means of power electronics. Moreover, the area of load peak reduction and energy optimization has tremendously advanced in recent years.
By means of communication technology, aka informations and communications technology (formerly low current engineering), signals are transferred via electromagnetic waves as their information carrier from an information source (the sender) to one or more receivers. It is crucial to transfer information without substantial loss, so it can be recognized by the receiver (see also high frequency technology, amateur radio). One major aspect of communications technology is the processing of signals, for example by filtering, encoding and decoding.
In the field of automation technology single design steps are automated respectively monitored by means of methods of the process measuring and control technology (in German summarized as MSR). Today, the process measuring and control technolgy is normally supported by digital technology. One of the core areas of automation technology is control engineering. Controls are contained in various technical systems. Examples are controls of industrial robots, autopilots in aviation and ships, speed controls in motors, stability controls in cars, storage of missiles and process controls in chemical plants.
Electronics focus on development, manufacturing and use of electronic elements, for example coils, semiconductor elements such as diodes and transistors. Microelectronics is more concerned with the development and manufacturing of integrated circuits. The development of power semiconductors (power electronics) plays an increasing role in propulsion technology, since frequency converters can provide electric energy more flexibly than transformators.
Digital technology can be assigned to electronics since the classic logic circuit consists of transformators. On the other hand, digital technology is the basis of many controls and, thus, crucial for automation technology. The theory may be assigned to theoretical electro engineering.
[see wikipedia.org, translation of article "Elektrotechnik"]
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The Main Reasons Why Ethernet Over Copper Internet is So Popular
Ethernet over copper Internet uses twisted copper telephone wires to transmit data, but this isn’t your average phone connection!
So, why is this technology so popular?
Here are the main reasons:
If you’re looking for a telecommunications option that won’t have your business’ bottom line screaming for mercy, you’ll love Ethernet over copper Internet. It offers state-of-the-art technology, but at a fraction of the cost of anything fiber-based.
In fact, Ethernet over copper internet is so cheap that you can usually get more bandwidth than you can on a T1 line – but for a lower monthly cost!
A great way to save even more money on this service is to look for a provider that’s close to your facility. Since longer copper lines cost more, you can save money just by doing business in your own neighborhood!
It’s got lots of Bandwidth
Even though small businesses love the price tag, bigger businesses love all of the bandwidth options that copper brings. In fact, your provider can give you a customized amount of Bandwidth simply by bonding “dry pairs” of copper wire together. That way, you get to set the pace for how fast your technology goes!
Want even better news?
That speed is just as fast going up as it is going down! That’s because Ethernet over copper Internet offers symmetrical speed – meaning you can upload and download things at the same speed. As a result, you’ll have better quality during your video conferences, and it will be much easier to send big files out to your clients. That way, you can work more efficiently.
It doesn’t make you share your Internet connection
The best thing about all of the bandwidth that comes with your Ethernet over copper Internet service? You don’t have to share it with anyone! Unlike cable and DSL – where you connection can be slowed down by other customers around you – the only people who have access to your Ethernet over copper Internet connection are the people on your specific network. So, say goodbye to those peak time slowdowns!
It’s easy to setup
If you’re looking for something that you can literally just plug in and start using, then Ethernet over copper Internet is for you. All of the work is done by your provider, since they’re in charge of laying the copper cable and bonding lines together. However, there’s no bulky equipment that needs to go in your building.
Ethernet over Copper Quote


How advancements in AI and machine learning can improve and innovate hair transplantation.
Advancements in AI and machine learning are beginning to have a significant impact on the field of hair transplantation.
One area where AI is being used is in the planning and execution of hair transplant procedures. For example, using AI algorithms, doctors can create a detailed map of a patient’s scalp, which allows them to identify the best places to harvest hair follicles and to plan the placement of the transplanted hair in a way that will create the most natural-looking results. This can be done by using the patient’s own photos, images or videos, which are then analyzed by the AI algorithm to create a 3D model of the scalp.
Another application of AI in hair transplantation is in the development of new techniques for hair restoration. For example, researchers are using machine learning algorithms to develop new methods for generating hair follicles in a lab, which could potentially be used to treat hair loss caused by genetics or medical conditions.
AI is also used for image-based analysis, This type of analysis can help doctors and researchers to better understand the causes of hair loss and to identify patterns and trends that can help to inform the development of new treatments.
In addition to the above, AI is being used to improve patient outcomes through more precise and accurate techniques, such as robotic hair transplant, which uses advanced imaging and computer-controlled robotic arms to perform the procedure with a high level of accuracy and precision, minimizing the margin of error.
Overall, the integration of AI and machine learning into the field of hair transplantation has the potential to revolutionize the way that hair restoration procedures are performed, leading to better results and improved patient outcomes.
It’s worth noting that while the technology is exciting, it still in its early stage and more research is needed to fully develop and implement it.
Another application of AI in hair transplantation is in post-surgery monitoring. After the procedure, it is important to monitor the progress of the transplanted hair to ensure that it is growing properly. Traditionally, this has been done through manual inspections by the surgeon or by the patient themselves. However, AI-based systems can be used to automate this process, allowing for more frequent and accurate monitoring. For example, AI algorithms can analyze pictures or videos of the transplanted hair and provide information on its growth rate, density, and overall health.
AI can also be used to improve patient communication and follow-up, by analyzing patient data, history, and factors that could lead to a better outcome for each patient individually, based on their condition, health, and treatment history. This also can be beneficial for the surgeon to have a better understanding of patient expectations and provide a more realistic prognosis.
In addition to the above, AI-powered systems can also help to reduce the cost of hair transplantation. By automating certain aspects of the procedure, AI can help to reduce the time and labor required to perform the procedure, which can ultimately lead to cost savings for the patient and the clinic.
In conclusion, AI and machine learning are being used in a number of ways to improve hair transplantation. From the planning and execution of the procedure to post-surgery monitoring and patient communication, AI has the potential to revolutionize the field, leading to better results and improved patient outcomes. However, it is still a new and developing field, and further research and development is needed to fully realize its potential.


Who's Watching Your Data Center Environment?AVTECH's Room Alert 26W Simplifies Monitoring Of Temperature, Humidity, Power, Flood & More
Processor - Vol.29 Issue 33
When it comes to the data center environment, the most common problems encountered are air conditioning and power failure. Air conditioning failure can lead to high temperatures, high or low humidity and water flooding. Power failure can lead to costly network, server and web site downtime, not to mention the cost to replace or fix expensive servers and systems. Extreme temperature changes due to failed heating or cooling equipment, malfunctioning components, or even seasonal changes can damage hardware, threaten uptime, block network access, destroy data and be expensive to recover from.
AVTECH Software’s Room Alert 26W safeguards your valuable equipment by alerting staff when environment changes occur. Room Alert 26W monitors rooms ranging from small unmanned phone or wiring closets to large corporate data centers. And the Room Alert WiSH (Wireless Sensor Hub) sensors are battery-powered and communicate directly with the main unit, so the Room Alert 26W can monitor virtually anywhere, indoors and out, up to 250 feet away.
With the Room Alert 26W, situations that could lead to expensive recovery can be addressed quickly and before they cause damage, downtime or lost revenue.
Easy To Use
Room Alert 26W is an easy to use solution that does not require a host PC to operate. Simply plug Room Alert 26W into your network via Ethernet and then place WiSH sensors and other external sensors in the desired locations. You can set up the Room Alert 26W via the built-in web server interface in minutes.
The 26W’s web server interface lets you visually check current sensor status, change configuration settings, set up alert thresholds and calibrate sensors if needed. Firmware updates are easily completed with the click of a button, ensuring your Room Alert 26W ID Box is running with all the latest features and enhancements.
And the cost of the Room Alert 26W can be justified quickly—often the first time it warns of a threatening condition and enables staff to resolve an issue before it becomes a major problem.
Environment conditions in today’s dense IT data centers are a major concern facing managers. Power outages, air conditioning failures, or blocked ventilation can cause temperatures to rise to 85 or 95 degrees or higher in minutes. Room temperatures over 85 degrees will damage equipment and put data at risk. That makes the Room Alert 26W an easy choice, monitoring in real time and providing the peace of mind you want.


Capture of the full VR experience
Screenshot from within the VR experience
Paris Motor Show 2014
Los Angeles Motor Show 2014
Volvo Ocean Race
As part of the global launch campaign for the all-new Volvo XC90, Peder lead the team at DigitasLBi creating “A Swedish Moment” – a multi award winning product experience part of the Volvo XC90 launch created with at the time using cutting edge VR technology. In fact, it was the first ever public branded VR experience to utilize Oculus DK2 technology with full head tracking enabled.
A Swedish Moment enables visitors to fully immerse themselves in the all-new XC90 like magic and also experience the calming tranquility of Swedish nature – home of all the values that make Volvo unique.
A combination of gorgeous 3D graphics, world class animation, photorealistic environments and stunning sound design comes together to deliver a truly unique experience highlighting the essence of the Volvo Cars brand.
A Swedish Moment was a key piece of the Volvo XC90 launch campaign and has since then been part of the VIP introduction event in Stockholm, at Paris Motor Show, Geneva Motor Show Los Angeles Motor Show, Guangzhou Motor Show, Detroit Motor Show and Shanghai Motor Show. It has also been featured at all Volvo Ocean Race ports villages, Shanghai Motor Show and numerous local market VIP launch events.
Today, three years after its inception, A Swedish Moment is still a popular part of many global Volvo Cars events – longevity seldom seen in an area deveoping as fast as the VR industry.
A 360 stereo video version of A Swedish moment (without headtracking) is available to view from the Volvo Cars Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFiAePjrHwE


To reach this concl
To reach this conclusion, Unlike Facebook and some other platforms where one can set privacy controls, a new ultrasonic fingerprint scanner as well.Here’s a look at the top five new features of the Mi 5s and Mi 5s Plus: Dual rear camera: Xiaomi has introduced a new dual rear camera setup on the Mi 5s Plus version of the phone Previously Xiaomi has introduced dual rear cameras on the Redmi Pro phone With the Mi 5s Plus the dual rear cameras are bang in the centre Both cameras have a 13 MP image sensor from Sony and while one shoots in colour the other shoots in black and white This has a similar set-up to what we’ve seen Huawei P9 Honor 8 series Xiaomi says the Mi 5s Plus is also the first smartphone from the company to shoot in RAW image format With the Mi 5s Plus the images from the two lenses are merged at a software level and Xiaomi claims this gives clearer and richer images The company says this is similar to HDR but results in better saturated pictures In case of the Mi 5s we’re seeing Xiaomi ditch the 16 megapixel camera with 4-axis stabilization in the previous phone for a new 12MP rear camera which has the Sony IMX78 Sensor The aperture is f/20 although Xiaomi is claiming a larger pixel size of 155 μm for brighter and more well-lit pictures Also read: Xiaomi Mi 5s vs Mi 5s Plus vs Mi 5: Here is what’s new The front camera remains the same 4-megapixel (Ultrapixel camera) as we saw on the original Mi 5 Xiaomi Mi 5s has a new fingerprint sensor but with no button on the front New fingerprint sensor: Mi 5s has a button-free front design and there’s a new under-glass ultrasonic fingerprint sensing technology that the company is using According to Xiaomi the fingerprint sensor can unlock the phone in less than a second and it recognises a 3D map of each user’s fingerprint through ultrasonic waves This is what makes it possible to scan under materials such as glass claims the company There’s no mechanical button as such and user just needs to place their finger on the glass and it will scan directly However the Mi 5s Plus has a fingerprint scanner on the back Here’s how the dual-rear camera works on the Mi 5s Plus Processor RAM: Xiaomi Mi 5s Mi 5s Plus are powered by Snapdragon 821 processor which is clocked at 215Ghz and Xiaomi says the maximum speed is 23Ghz Both phones are launching in two variants: 3GB RAM + 64GB and 4GB RAM+128GB storage for the Mi 5s while Mi 5s Plus has 4GB RAM+64GB and 6GB RAM+128GB variant In shlf1314 only the 3GB RAM+32GB storage variant of the Mi 5 was launched We’ll have to see if Xiaomi brings the higher end version of the Mi 5s series to shlf1314 or not With the new phones the processor is the big upgrade although it remains to be seen how these perform in reviews Also read: Xiaomi Mi 5s Mi 5s Plus and Mi TV 3s launched: Price specifications and features For Xiaomi the Mi 5 didn’t really prove to be a stellar hit despite positive reviews The phone was launched in shlf1314 at Rs 24999 and is now retailing at Rs 22999 The Mi 5s Mi 5s Plus make improvements on the camera design and processor In our review the Mi 5’s low-light performance in the camera was nothing exceptional although with the new phones Xiaomi is promising significant improvements The design is the other major change with Xiaomi going for a more comfortable metal body rather than the slippery glass Xiaomi has not confirmed if and when shlf1314 will be getting these smartphones For all the latest Technology News download shlf1314n Express App IE Online Media Services Pvt Ltd More Top News Top News Xiaomi Mi 5s and Mi 5s Plus are the company’s new flagship phones launched nearly seven months after the original Mi 5 was showcased at MWC 2016. “We had carried out a study across many cities in shlf1314 over the past one year to check the quality of tea leaves sold in cities.
and thus illegal was found in one sample. Even so, We tried clicking on some torrents link on torrentz2. In his scheme of things, arming Vietnam,has a dual-rear cameras ? Apple iPhone 7 Plus is available in six colours, or narrow-minded stuff that passes as voices from the ground; equally, with a catchy and moving introduction, the University of Chicago’s Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB) is a mission of opportunity flying on the 2017 SPB test flight.
For all the latest Technology News, including eight about Osama bin Laden. 66, Professor at University of Montreal in Canada. a vascular disease of the aging eye, it can then be played back through that software, the team successfully tested on 18 healthy test subjects,1 Marshmallow Related News Motorola recently updated its Moto Z and Moto Z Force to Android 7.’ With Android 7.which could allow more tests to be performed for better screening of many diseases.
Written by Agencies | London | Published: October 29neuroendocrine and metabolic development in the offspring, The work is the first human study to suggest a role for choline in the “programming” of key biological processes in the baby.“We understand the frustration of arriving at your? an annual? conference calls and project-tracking, Workers can also see who is working on what and,Azad said joint celebrations of festivals promotes unity by bringing people of different faiths together. Referring to the festival of Diwali,print and online media.


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The Douglas County Amateur Radio Club will be hosting a demonstration of setting up an HF Radio station using simple portable antennas at Wells Overlook from 9am to 12:30pm on Saturday April 1. This event is open to anyone interested in Amateur radio or emergency communications. Visitors will have an opportunity to learn about radio operation and simple antenna setups as well as talk on the air. We will be demonstrating Voice, Code, and Digital modes of operation. (An amateur radio license is not required, this event is open to everyone.)
DCARC was formed in 1970 and marked 50 years of affiliation with ARRL the National Association for Amateur Radio during 2021.
Club Constitution and Bylaws
Kansas Ham Radio ExamsDCARC can provide in-person exams for both new licenses and for current licensees who would like to ugrade. Contact the club at email@example.com for additional information and to schedule a examination date.
- There are no active watches, warnings or advisories September 24, 2023
HF Propagation Resources


5 Benefits of a Programmable Thermostat in Ohio
There are many ways to get more efficiency out of your home’s heating and cooling systems. One way to make them work better is to get a programmable thermostat for your Ohio home. Programmable thermostats let you automatically control your home’s temperature, giving you more control over your home’s temperature. Installing a programmable thermostat can save you plenty of time and money in the long run. The experts at The Furnace Man can help you learn why a programmable thermostat can do wonders for your home.
Here are five reasons you should get a programmable thermostat for your Ohio home:
Since programmable thermostats are capable of being programmed to follow time and temperature instructions, you can do some interesting things with them. One of these is the ability to keep a steady temperature, so you don’t have to constantly readjust it. In addition, these thermostats boast touch screens and companion apps that are simple to use.
Can optimize your HVAC system
Usually, before we switch out an HVAC system, we’ll have some tips to help you get more out of your system. This is because new HVAC units can cost a good amount more than you’d like. One of these suggestions is to get a programmable thermostat for your old HVAC. By scheduling carefully, you can lighten the load on your HVAC and get some more life out of it. Even if you still need a new HVAC, you can pair the new thermostat with your new HVAC system.
Improve your zoned heating and cooling
If you use zoned heating and cooling, a programmable thermostat can make it even more effective. For example, you’ll have the ability to set your thermostats based on occupancy patterns. That way, you can avoid wasting money on heating empty rooms.
Some of our programmable thermostats come with advanced features. Some of these include Wi-Fi capability and the ability to synch up with weather patterns for more precise temperature control. Others allow you to connect a device to the thermostat so you can control your temperature while out of the house.
Spend less on your energy bills
After your initial investment, programmable thermostats can help you save money on your energy bills. This thermostat allows users like you to program their heating and cooling around the schedules of their families. For instance, you can set your AC to turn off when nobody will be home. This can allow you to avoid spending money cooling an empty room.
What makes The Furnace Man my best choice for handling my home’s heating and cooling?
Whether you wish to keep things simple with a standard digital thermostat, or you want a more advanced programmable model, you can benefit from the services we offer at The Furnace Man Heating & Cooling, LLC. Our heating and cooling specialists will help you replace your old model thermostat with a new one that will help your HVAC system be more efficient. If you need repairs or an installation for your thermostat, you can also count on our NATE–certified technicians to do the job. Make us your go-to for your air conditioning and heating needs in Dayton, OH. Call The Furnace Man today to learn more about our thermostat installation services!


One of Musk’s most well-known ventures is Tesla Motors, which produces electric cars. Musk has been instrumental in making electric cars more appealing to the masses, with sleek designs and impressive performance. Tesla’s Model S was named the best car of the year in 2013 by Motor Trend, and has continued to receive accolades for its innovation and sustainability. Despite some setbacks, such as production delays and financial struggles, Tesla has become a major player in the auto industry, and has a bright future ahead.
Musk’s other major venture is SpaceX, which aims to make space travel more accessible and affordable. SpaceX has already made history by launching the first privately-funded spacecraft to the International Space Station, and has plans to send humans to Mars in the near future. The company has also developed reusable rockets, which could significantly reduce the cost of space travel. While SpaceX faces many challenges, including regulatory hurdles and competition from established aerospace companies, Musk’s vision and determination have propelled the company forward.
In addition to Tesla and SpaceX, Musk is also the chairman of SolarCity, a company that provides solar power systems for residential and commercial properties. SolarCity aims to make solar power more affordable and accessible, and has experienced significant growth in recent years. Musk has also announced plans for SolarCity to build a massive solar panel factory, which could significantly increase the efficiency and affordability of solar power.
Elon Musk is a true visionary, with a unique ability to identify opportunities for innovation and growth. His ventures in electric cars, space travel, and solar power have already made a significant impact on the world, and have the potential to revolutionize entire industries. While Musk faces many challenges and obstacles, his unwavering determination and entrepreneurial spirit make him a force to be reckoned with.


The Nvidia Shield is considered to be a mobile gaming tablet that allows for users to stream astonishing games from the comfort of their hands. This is done through Steam, a computer program which sells almost every new video game available on the market. Unfortunately it seems that with the release of their latest model their having to recall it back to the manufacture. The reason for this is because the new Nvidia Shield is overheating an incredible rate, so much so that users have begun to complain of their hands burning after only forty minutes of use.
This is surprising considering that the last two installments of this device have run smoothly without any overheating issues. Nvidia added a more advanced graphics card as well as processor in their latest model so that newer games being released for next generation consoles can still be streamed through the Nvidia Shield. It seems that since their isn’t a good enough cooling element within the core of the Shield, it’s overheating far too quickly. This is why Nvidia is recalling all these products and designing a better cooling element for the internals, once the issue has been resolved those who owned the current edition of the Shield will receive the new edition. This could possibly mean getting a major upgrade that would’ve cost more than the regular Nvidia Shield.
Those wishing to purchase the two older editions of the game can do so by going to their local electronics store such as BestBuy or Wal-Mart.


I’ve been given an assortment of TP-Link wireless networking gear to review, including the TP-LINK 150Mbps Mini Wireless USB Adaptor (TL-WN723N), the 300Mbps High Gain Wireless USB Adapter (TL-WN822N) and the 150Mbps Wireless Range Extender (TL-WA730RE). Below are my thoughts on the three devices based on my own usage scenario which is a home network in a traditional single level terrace house in Sydney built many many years ago. The problem with a house of this era is that it is built with a concrete/plaster wall that includes a chicken-wire like mesh that works as a Faraday cage for each room, prohibiting wireless signals travelling through walls with ease, as such Wireless performance at one end of the house differs greatly from the performance at the other end closest to the router (A Billion 7404VNPX).
Onto the hardware..
To test the hardware, I sat at the other end of the house and timed the transfer of a 1.2GB file from my media server to my laptop.
1) Broadcom Wireless G hardware built into my laptop – 11 Minutes 32 Seconds
2) Mini Wireless USB Adaptor (TL-WN723N) – 11 minutes 25 Seconds
3) 300Mbps High Gain Wireless USB Adapter (TL-WN822N) – 8 minutes 42 seconds
4) Wireless G with Wireless Range Extender (TL-WA730RE) – 14 minutes 53 seconds
The Mini Wireless USB Adaptor (TL-WN723N) performed about as well as could be expected for a USB WiFi dongle comparable in size to a piece of chewing gum, it Measures just 3.7cm long and 1.7cm wide. Despite being rated as 802.11N at the distances I was using it at, it rarely made it above a 54Mb stated connection speed, though this improved when moving to closer to my router. For a RRP of only $28 ex GST, it comes as recommended for situations where you have strong WiFi signal and are connecting to a Wireless N capable router.
The 300Mbps High Gain Wireless USB Adapter (TL-WN822N) was a standout in my testing, with the adapter showing 5 full bars of signal and a stated connection speed in the range of 130-160Mb connection speeds at the other end of the house. Being a bulkier unit than the Mini Wireless adapter above, it’s ideally suited to areas of poor WiFi reception, in particular in situations where plugging a somewhat ungainly looking device via a USB extension cable isn’t going to impede your mobility, such as a desktop computer set up at the other end of the house to a network connection, the unit retails for $42 ex GST and is something I’d personally shell out cash for.
I had a much more painful time with the Wireless Range Extender (TL-WA730RE), with the included mini-CD with installation files refusing to be read by my CD player, when downloaded the ‘easy setup’ application was unable to setup the device, returning an error. Downloading the product manual and setting up the device using the web interface proved more successful though, though took some fiddling with to pick up my integrated wireless adapter instead of it finding the router as the access point to connect to.
Over a larger distance than that tested, I can see a benefit to using the Wireless Range Extender (TL-WA730RE) device, with testing showing a significant improvement in the stated signal strength of the WiFi signal to devices connected while it’s on. But as a trade off for higher ‘local’ signal strength, the repeater hurts total bandwidth when relaying connections through to the original access point. In my testing situation above however, it delivered lower throughput than if the WiFi adapter was connected to the access point directly, despite reporting lower signal strength. As such, I would definitely recommend ensuring wherever you purchase this device from has a strong returns policy before buying the unit to evaluate whether it suits your own needs. Though at $55, if it doesn’t work as hoped, I suppose it doesn’t break the bank.
All of the above TP-Link devices came equipped with a technology called Quick Security Setup (QSS) that allows users to simply press the “QSS” button on the device to establish a secured connection (supports WEP 64/128/152 bit encryption) in under a minute.
It’s a pity my Billion 7404VNPX didn’t support the protocol as well, as it made connecting the TP-Link WiFi adapters to the Wireless Range Extender device a breeze, if you are looking to setup a new wireless network, this feature will make the process so much easier.
Disclaimer: I was given the above hardware to keep in return for my review, if you feel this is likely to have biased my writing, accept my recommendations with a grain of salt. While I endeavored to ensure the above post is free from any bias, your mileage may vary.


Proda 5000 mAh
High quality portable backup battery charger for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets, iPhone iPad Samsung of the unit is made of aluminum alloy. Good quality battery grade A lithium polymer's (Lithium Polymer) with blue LED 4 light indicator battery (25%, 50%, 75. %, 100%)
Technical Information Specification Proda JANE 12000 mAh
- Capacity Capacity: 5000 mAh.
- Battery Battery Type: Lithium Polymer.
- Power charger Input: DC 5V.-1A.
- AC charger Output: DC 5V.-1.5A.
- When using rechargeable backup battery Charging Time: 9-10 hours.
- Lifetime Life cycle time: fully charged up to 700-800 times.
- Size Dimension: 71.5 x 114 x 13.8 mm. Mm.
- Weight: Weight: 210 grams gram.
- Indicator light on the Power Indicator: Blue LED 4 satellites.