2012 - 2015
In 2012, IASB-BIRA was selected for a small amount of funding to start cooperation with India. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning to send an instrument that resembles NOMAD to Mars in 2014 and was looking for collaborators with experience in radiative transfer models for Mars. A first meeting took place after the International COSPAR conference in July 2012 in Mysore.
2019 - 2020
Spectroscopy and forward model error improvement for CH4 retrieval in the TIR. ESA project to explore and consolidate the possible sources of CH4 biases in retrievals from TIR sensors, to establish necessary actions and perform the related work for mitigating biases.
2014 - 2016
This FP7 project is focused on the realization of innovative tools and techniques for the visualization and sharing of Mars data to strength collaborative science data analysis and real-time operations. A specific focus is given to the preparation of the Exomars 2016 and 2018 missions.
2014 - 2016
EuroVenus stands for European Unified Research on Observations of Venus using coordinated Space- and Earth-based Facilities. It is a project funded by the EU within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, EU's main instrument for funding research in Europe.
iMARS stands for "international Mars Architecture for the Return of Samples". It is an international committee founded under the umbrella of the International Mars Exploration Working Group (IMEWG).
iMARS WG is an international Working Group composed of experts selected by the ESA, NASA, and ROSCOSMOS space agencies which has as main objetive the preparation of the Sample Return Mission from Mars.
In 2013, 3 International Teams have been selected to deal with Venus related issues:
- Sulfur Dioxide Variability in the Venus Atmosphere (A.C. Vandaele & O. Korablev)
- Clouds on Venus (C. Wilson & E. Marcq)
- Towards a Self Consistent Model of the Thermal Structure of the Venus Atmosphere (S. Limaye & L. Zasova)
Several scientists of the Planetary Atmospheres Group fo BISA are involved in all three teams.
2012 - 2017
PLANET TOPERS stands for Planets, Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their ReservoirS.
The group is an Inter-university attraction pole (IAP) financed by the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) and addressing the question of habitability in our Solar System.
December 2014 - March 2019
The goals of the SCOOP (Towards a SynergistiC study Of the atmOsphere of terrestrial Planets) project match the topics, challenges and scope of the BRAIN-be call 2014 of the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO). SCOOP has as its overarching objective the revision and exploitation of data from the European Mars Express (MEX) and the European Venus Express (VEX) missions as well as other Martian missions such as NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN).
Started Nov 2012 - 18 month duration
SIROCCO is a 18-months ESA project focusing on "Development and performance assessment of synergetic retrieval algorithms for near-surface concentrations of CH4 and CO from SWIR and IR passive remote sensing measurements for Earth and Mars atmospheres".
March 2015 - February 2018
The goals of the UPWARDS project match the topics, challenges and scope of the Compet-8-2014 call (Horizon 2020). The UPWARDS Consortium undertake five grand science themes which challenge our current understanding of the complex couplings of the Mars climate:


BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the main dynamic routing protocol used across the Internet. Routers that use BGP protocol, exchange information about reachable networks. Along with information about networks, various attributes of the networks are passed, which BGP uses to select the best path and set routing policies.
One of the main attributes sent along with the information about the route is the list of autonomous systems transited by this information. It allows BGP to determine where is the network located within the autonomous system, to prevent routing loops, and also can be used when setting policies.
Routing is carried out step by step, from one autonomous system to another. All BGP policies are set mostly relative to external/neighboring autonomous systems, that is: describe the interaction rules with them. So as BGP operates with large volumes of data (the current size of the table for IPv4 routes is more than 580,000 routes), the principles of its configuration and operation differ from the internal dynamic routing protocol (IGP).
Interior Gateway Protocol – the protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system.
Exterior Routing Protocol – the protocol used to transfer exchange information between autonomous systems.
Autonomous System (AS) – a set of routers with common routing rules, managed by one technical administrator and working with an IGP protocol (for routing within an AS, several IGP protocols can also be used).
Transit autonomous system (transit AS) – autonomous system, through which traffic is sent to other autonomous systems.
Path – a sequence consisting of autonomous systems numbers through which must pass to reach the destination network.
Path attributes (PA) – path characteristics that help to choose the best path.
BGP speaker – a router that runs BGP protocol.
Neighbors, peers – any two routers between which a TCP connection for exchanging routing information is open.
Network layer information about network availability (Network Layer Reachability Information, NLRI) – IP prefix and prefix length.
BGP selects the best routes based on routing policies rather than on technical characteristics of the path (bandwidth, delay, etc.). In local networks, the most important is the convergence speed of the network – reaction time to changes. While selecting a route, routers that use internal dynamic routing protocols usually compare some technical characteristics of the path such as bandwidth capacity. When choosing between two providers, is the internal company rules that matter, rather than the quality of the provider’s connections. Therefore, in BGP, best path is chosen based on policies, which is configured via various prefix filters, announcing specific routes and manipulating BGP attributes.
Like other dynamic routing protocols, BGP can only send traffic based on the IP-address of the recipient. This means that with BGP is not possible to set routing rules based on parameters like packet source or source application. If routing needs to be based on a different criteria than destination address, Policy Based Routing (PBR) must be used.
Main protocol characteristics
BGP is a path-vector protocol with the following common characteristics:
- Uses TCP to transfer data. This provides reliable delivery of the BGP updates (port 179)
- Sends updates only when changes occur in the network (no periodic updates)
- Periodically send keepalive messages to check the TCP connection
- The protocol’s metric is called path vector or attributes
Autonomous System (AS) – a collection of IP networks and routers under the control of one or a few network operators that has a single, clearly defined routing policy (RFC 1930).
Autonomous systems number (ASN) range:
0-65535 (initially designed for the 16-bit ASNs)
65536-4294967295 (a new range for the 32-bit ASNs (RFC 4893))
0 and 65535 (reserved)
1-64495 (public range)
65552-4294967295 (public range)
64512-65534 (private range)
23456 (32-bit range for devices that work with the 16-bit range)
The BGP operational algorithm
- Neighbor table – a list of all BGP neighbors
- BGP Table (forwarding database, topology database):
- List of networks received from each neighbor
- Might contain multiple paths to a destination network
- Contains BGP attributes for each path
- Routing table – the list of the best routes to destination networks
By default, BGP sends keepalive messages every 60 seconds. If there are multiple paths to a destination, the router will advertise the best route from the BGP table, rather than all available options.
Internal BGP and external BGP
⦁ Internal BGP (iBGP) – BGP working within an Autonomous System. iBGP neighbors do not necessarily have to be directly connected.
⦁ External BGP (eBGP) – BGP runs between Autonomous Systems. By default, eBGP neighbors must be directly connected.
If iBGP routers operate in a transit AS, the connection between them should be full mesh. This is a consequence of the working principles of the protocol – if the router at the edge of AS received an update, it sends it to all its neighbors; neighbors that are within the autonomous system do not send that update to other routers, because they consider that all the neighbors within the AS have received it already.
⦁ Keepalive Interval – time interval (in seconds) between sending keepalive messages. By default, it is set to 60 seconds.
⦁ Hold Time – time interval (in seconds) after which the neighbor is considered unreachable. By default, it is set to 180 seconds.
Types of BGP messages
All BGP messages have the following header format:
|<-------------------------- 32 bit --------------------------->| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | + + | | + + | Marker | + + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Length | Type | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
BGP message header fields:
- Marker – a field that is included in the header for compatibility. The size of the field – 16 bytes, each byte must be 1.
- Length – the length of the entire message in bytes, including the header. The field value can be from 19 to 4096.
- Type – the type of message sent:
2 – UPDATE
3 – NOTIFICATION
4 – KEEPALIVE
Open – used to establish neighbor relations and exchange basic parameters. Dispatched immediately after establishing the TCP connection.
Open message format:
|<-------------------------- 32 bit --------------------------->| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Version | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | My Autonomous System | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Hold Time | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | BGP Identifier | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Opt Parm Len | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | Optional Parameters (variable) | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
In addition to the standard BGP header packet, Open message contains the following fields:
- Version – the BGP protocol version
- My Autonomous System – the source Autonomous System Number (ASN)
- Hold Time – the maximum time in seconds that can elapse between receiving the keepalive and update The minimum time is selected.
- BGP Identifier – is considered when choosing the BGP messages path in case there is more than one channel between BGP neighbors
- Optional Parameters Length – if equals to 0, the marker is set to 1 and Optional Parameters has zero length; if different to 0, data necessary to determine the code that is specified in the marker field is recorder in the Optional Parameters.
- Optional Parameters – plays a role in formation and identification of the code in the marker field.
Update – used to exchange routing information.
Update message format:
+-----------------------------------------------------+ | Unfeasible Routes Length (2 octets) | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | Withdrawn Routes (variable) | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | Total Path Attribute Length (2 octets) | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | Path Attributes (variable) | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | Network Layer Reachability Information (variable) | +-----------------------------------------------------+
Notification – used when BGP errors occur. The session with the neighbor is torn down after sending the message.
Notification message format:
|<-------------------------- 32 bit --------------------------->| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Error code | Error subcode | Data | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
In addition to the standard BGP header packet, Notification message has the following fields:
- Error Code – the type of alert:
2 – OPEN Message Error
3 – UPDATE Message Error
4 – Hold Timer Expired
5 – Finite State Machine Error
6 – Cease
Keepalive – used to keep the BGP neighbor relationship to detect the inactive neighbors. Keepalive messages consist of only the packet header (19 octets in length). If the frequency of sending keepalive messages is set to 0, messages are not sent.
BGP Neighbor Relationship
In order to establish neighbor relationship in BGP, each BGP neighbor must be manually configured. When a neighbor is specified on the local router, the neighbor’s autonomous system (AS) must be indicated as well. This information is used for BGP neighbor’s type identification:
- Internal BGP neighbor (iBGP neighbor) – a router that is in the same autonomous system as the local router. Internal BGP neighbors do not necessarily have to be directly connected.
- External BGP neighbor (eBGP neighbor) – a router, which is in a different autonomous system than local router. External BGP neighbors must be directly connected by default.
The type of BGP neighbor has little effect on BGP neighbor relation establishment. More significant distinctions between different neighbor types appear in the process of sending BGP updates and adding routes to the routing table.
During the neighbor relationship establishment, BGP performs the following checks:
- The router must receive a TCP layer connection request with sender’s address, which the router will find specified in the list of neighbors (neighbor command).
- The AS number of the local router must match the AS number that is specified on the neighboring router via neighbor remote-as command (this requirement is disregarded in case of confederations settings’ modification).
- The routers’ ID (Router ID) should not match.
- If authentication is configured, the BGP neighbors must pass it.
|For item 1, there is a particularity: only one of the two routers must have the IP address, set as the updates’ source, specified in the neighbor command of another router.|
BGP performs keepalive and hold timers’ check, however incongruity of these parameters does not affect the neighbor relationship establishment. If timers do not match, then each router will use the smaller value of hold timer.
Peering states with BGP neighbors
- Open sent
- Open confirm
|State||TCP waiting?||TCP initialization?||TCP established?||Is Open sent?||Is Open received?||Is Neighbor Up?|
They are divided into four categories:
- Well-known mandatory – all routers running BGP should recognize them and they must be present in all updates.
- Well-known discretionary – all routers running BGP should recognize them. They may be present in the updates, but it is not mandatory.
- Optional transitive – attributes may not be recognized by all implementations of BGP. If the router does not recognize the attribute, it marks the update as partial and sends it to its neighbors, keeping unrecognized attribute.
- Optional non-transitive – attributes may not be recognized by all implementations of BGP. If the router does not recognize the attribute, the attribute is ignored and discarded when sending to peers.
Examples of BGP attributes:
- Well-known mandatory:
- Autonomous system path
- Well-known discretionary:
- Local preference
- Atomic aggregate
- Optional transitive:
- Optional non-transitive:
- Multi-exit discriminator (MED)
- Originator ID
- Cluster list
BGP route reflector allows to:
- avoid the need for a full-mesh topology between all iBGP-neighbors
- all iBGP neighbors to learn all the iBGP routes inside AS
- prevent formation of loops
Autonomous system path
BGP AS path attribute:
- Describes which autonomous systems must be passed through, in order to reach the destination network.
- AS number is added when sending updates from one AS, to eBGP neighbor in another AS.
- loops detection
- applying policies
Each AS path attribute segment is represented as a TLV field (path segment type, path segment length, path segment value):
- path segment type – 1 byte field for which the following values are defined:
- 1 – AS_SET: unordered list of autonomous systems, through which the route passed in Update messages,
- 2 – AS_SEQUENCE: ordered list of autonomous systems, through which the route passed in Update messages.
- path segment length – 1 byte field. It specifies how many autonomous systems are in the path segment value field
- path segment value – autonomous systems numbers, each represented by a 2 bytes field.
- IP-address of the next AS to reach the destination network.
- IP-address of the eBGP router, through which lies the route to the destination network
- Attribute changes when sending prefix to another AS
Third party next hop:
Origin attribute indicates by what means route was acquired during the update.
Possible attribute value:
- 0 — IGP: NLRI is acquired within the original autonomous system;
- 1 — EGP: NLRI learned in compliance with Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP). BGP predecessor is not used
- 2 — Incomplete: NLRI was learned by some other way
- Informs the routers within the AS how to get beyond it.
- This attribute is transmitted only within one AS.
- Attribute value on Cisco routers is 100 by default.
- The exit point with a higher value of the attribute is preferred.
- If external BGP neighbor receives an update with local preference set, it ignores this attribute.
The label indicating that the NLRI is a summary.
List of RID and ASN of the routers, that created summary NLRI.
- Routes tagging
- There are predefined values
- Attribute is not sent to the neighbors by default
- One of the possible applications: attribute is transmitted to neighboring AS to control incoming traffic
Values from 0x00000000 to 0x0000FFFF, and from 0xFFFF0000 to 0xFFFFFFFF are reserved.
Usually, community attributes are displayed in ASN: VALUE format. In this format community attributes from 1:0 to 65534: 65535 are available for use. The first part specifies the autonomous system number, the second part is community value, which defines the routing policy.
Some communities are predefined. RFC1997 defines three values for such communities. These values must be equally recognized and processed by all BGP implementations, which recognize the community attribute.
If a router receives a route where predefined communities are set, it performs specific, predetermined action based on an attribute value.
Predefined community values (Well-known Communities):
- no-export (0xFFFFFF01) – All routes, transmitted with this community attribute value, must not be advertised to external BGP neighbors, but are advertised outside the confederation
- no-advertise (0xFFFFFF02) – All routes, transmitted with this community attribute value should not be advertised to other BGP neighbors
- no-export-subconfed (0xFFFFFF03) – All routes, transmitted with this community attribute value should not be advertised to external BGP-neighbors (neither outside the confederation nor to the external neighbors). On Cisco, this value is also indicated as local-as.
|Routers that do not support community attribute, will pass it further, as it is a transitive attribute.|
Multi exit discriminator (MED)
- It is used to inform external BGP neighbors about more preferable path into autonomous system.
- Attribute is passed between autonomous systems.
- Routers from neighboring autonomous system use this attribute, but as soon as the update goes beyond the AS, the MED attribute is discarded.
- The smaller the value of the attribute, the more preferred is the entry point into autonomous system.
Weight attribute (Cisco Proprietary)
- Allows to assign a “weight” for different paths, locally on the router.
- It is used in cases when a router has multiple exit paths from the autonomous system (the router itself is the exit point).
- It has router local meaning only.
- It is not transmitted in updates.
- The higher is the attribute value, the more preferable is the exit path.
Best Path Selection
Path selection procedure characteristics in BGP:
- BGP table contains all known routes, while the routing table contains the best ones.
- Paths are selected based on policies.
- Paths are not selected on the basis of bandwidth
First of all, it is checked:
- whether the next-hop is available (Route Resolvability Condition)
In order for the next-hop to be considered available by BGP (accessible), the routing table must contain an IGP route leading to it.
|Only the best path is included in the routing table and advertised to BGP neighbors.|


TriOSS is a GPON layer automation solution to perform user’s creation and service provisioning instantly, in FTTH networks.
TriOSS saves operational costs in terms of technical man-hours, increases efficiency and drastically reduces provisioning and fault identiﬁcation time, thus improving quality of service and customer experience.
- Multi-Service ONT Provisioning
- Vendor Independence
- Auto Inventory Management
- Hardware Resource Optimization
- Network Traffic Monitoring
- Fault Identification & Escalation
- Customer Identification
- Cloud Access
- Service-wise ONT status
- Traffic rate Monitoring
Operations & Maintenance of PON Network
- ONT alarms
- ONT parameter monitoring
- PON port alarms
- P2P configuration
- Fiber Health
The advanced module performs live operations on ONT to give status against each provisioned service. This enables the operator to verify and carry out troubleshooting in case of service failure. In addition, operator will be able to monitor traffic rate against the service, thus giving the option to charge customers on the basis of utilized data. MAC address limitation will be enforced to ensure authorized connectivity of customer devices with the CPE.
Third party Network Monitoring System for operations and maintenance of PON network can be integrated with TriOSS. Complete set of singular and multiple ONTs and its subsequent physical parameters are monitored on third party NMS. PON port alarms are triggered in case fiber health benchmarks are not being met. This results in quick escalation to concerned field teams for resolution of issue and ensuring maximum up time of customer services.
TriOSS acts as a black box that connects with the NMS (Network Management System) to perform its functions on both OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and ONT (Optical Network Terminal).
The OLTs are accessed via telnet or SSH whereas NMS connectivity is established using north bound interface (NBI) by XML, TL1 and SNMP language. Monitoring and alert management is done over SNMP and syslog; sent to a third party server.
Automated ONT configuration and service provisioning is available in real time as well as one-click configuration method. There are multiple options for Customer data management pertaining to a billing mechanism. You can choose from day-wise or time-dependent crones for implementation of all related functionalities.
FTTH network monitoring and fault identification is handled by alerts configuration on a third party monitoring system. OLT sends data to this system where a range of alerts can be set by Nayatel as per requirement of the client.
- ONT Configuration
- Unique Customer identification
- Standard and Customized ONT Profiles
- Internet Provisioning
- Auto-IP assignment
- IP routed configuration
- P2P configuration
- Customized Bandwidth Control
The basic module of Automation solution creates ONTs in the network via NMS. ONTs will be provided with unique identification parameters for data management. Pre-defined VAS profiles are pushed in the ONT for service configuration purposes.
The installed automated ONTs have an option to run various degrees of service as per requirement of the client and give categorized service provisioning solutions. The solutions include provisioning of internet over a PPPoE server, Public IP routed configurations, Voice solutions and Point to Point services. Auto IP assignment facility is provided for remote accessibility of terminal nodes. Clients can also incorporate their trademark service with TriOSS.
1550nm Video Overlay
- RF cable Provisioning
- RF port status
- RF port locking/unlocking
- POTS Provisioning with POTS IP assignment
- Activation of phone subscriber on soft switch
- POTS port locking/unlocking
- IPTV Provisioning on ONT with Multicast configurations
- Multicast Configurations on OLT
- Channel Viewership Statistics
TriOSS automation solution has developed the back-end technology to use RF and POTS port of the CPE depending on its availability in the model of the ONT. Operator can provide cable and voice services to its customers with TriOSS. Moreover, RF port provisioning, optical parameters and locking/unlocking can be done on both NBI and CLI.
Telephony services are provisioned by configuration at OLT and ONT end. ONTs are provided with auto-IPs which are registered with client’s voice solution. Operator can remotely lock or unlock the POTS services from the ONT to ensure billing.
IPTV services provisioning can be done if client has the requisite video equipment at its headend. The configurations are done on OLT on the basis of Multicast VLAN and IGMP channels. Customers become part of the multicast group to view live channels. Service provisioning and IGMP configurations are pushed in the ONT via VAS, which communicates with OLT.
TriOSS also enables you to to store and analyze TV channel viewership of its customers via online portal. This enables the client to gather real time TV Channel viewership and provide TV channel rating services.


Exploring the Role of Blockchain Technology in Secure and Decentralized Communications
Using blockchain technology for communications
Blockchain technology has been creating quite a buzz in recent years, particularly in the world of finance and investment. However, one area that has been overlooked is its application in communication. At its core, blockchain technology is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent manner. This feature has given rise to various use cases, such as decentralized finance, supply chain management, and even voting systems. However, blockchain's value in communication is equally powerful.
Traditional communication channels such as email, messaging, and social media platforms have become increasingly centralized and susceptible to data breaches. According to Statista, in 2020, 36 billion data records were exposed in data breaches. This is where blockchain technology comes into play. With blockchain, communication can be decentralized, secure, and transparent.
One way blockchain technology can be used for communication is through decentralized messaging platforms built on blockchain. These platforms are built on a distributed network where messages are encrypted and stored across multiple nodes, making it highly secure and resistant to attacks. Developers use advanced encryption algorithms that protect the contents of messages from third-party access. Upon verification, the recipient can read the message knowing that it hasn't been tampered with.
Another way blockchain technology can be used for communication is through blockchain-based email services, which use the blockchain to enhance the security and transparency of emails. With blockchain email services, users can have complete control over their emails by encrypting and hashing messages. This makes it far more difficult for outside parties to break in and access the contents of emails. The end-to-end encryption and hashing protocols are designed to make email data immutable.
Finally, blockchain technology can also be used for social media platforms. Imagine having social media platforms that run on a decentralized blockchain network. Such social media platforms would be resistant to censorship, data breaches, and snooping activities by outside parties. Moreover, users on these platforms would have absolute control over their data. In addition, blockchain technology would ensure that users have proof of authorship and the integrity of their posts by adding timestamps on the blockchain.
In conclusion, blockchain technology is an excellent tool for improving communication security, transparency, and decentralization. Developers are only beginning to explore the full potential of blockchain technology in communication, and we can expect many more blockchain-based solutions to emerge soon. The distributed nature of blockchain technology implies that it is incredibly resistant to data breaches and tampering, making it a valuable tool for communication. With blockchain technology, communication can be decentralized and secure, ensuring that users' data remains safe and private. As technology continues to advance, it is becoming clear that blockchain technology will play a significant role in how we communicate in the future.
The potential of blockchain technology for secure and decentralized communications
Blockchain technology has revolutionized the world in ways we couldn't have imagined even a few years ago. While its most well-known applications lie in finance and digital currencies, the potential of blockchain for secure and decentralized communications is equally exciting.
Communication, whether it be personal or professional, necessitates trust. In the traditional centralized model of communication, trust lies in the hands of service providers who can access and control our data. This centralized approach has shown several vulnerabilities, leading to unprincipled actors wielding our data for their benefits or, worse, hacking and data breaches. Therefore, users have come to realize the imperative for a more secure and accessible communication protocol, and that's where blockchain technology comes in.
Blockchain-based communications networks function by utilizing peer-to-peer nodes for data validation and verification. The decentralized system has several benefits, with one of the most prominent being that users can communicate directly with each other, without the need for a service provider to act as a gatekeeper. This approach guarantees the security and privacy of user data, besides ensuring that there is no central data repository to attack.
Moreover, blockchain technology's security is built into the network's design, so it is highly immovable. Information stored on the ledger is immutable and can't be tampered with by anyone. Once data is recorded on the blockchain, it's there permanently in a tamper-proof environment, making it an ideal solution for secure transmissions. Additionally, blockchain technology uses smart contracts, which can be programmed to execute automatically when predetermined conditions are met. With smart contracts, communication can be even more secure, with encryption and decryption carried out automatically by the blockchain network.
Blockchain technology is still in its early stages of development for communications, but the potential for secure and decentralized systems is already apparent. Early adopters of blockchain-based communication technologies have developed technology using this technology to provide fully decentralized communication solutions that are both secure and private.
In summary, blockchain technology has proven to be a game-changer in the world of secure communications, with its decentralized and secure nature making it an ideal solution for those looking to communicate with confidence and privacy. With blockchain technology advancing at an unprecedented rate, we can expect the development of even more innovative and efficient blockchain-based communication solutions in the future. The future of secure communication looks promising with the advent of blockchain technology in the communication sector.
Applications of blockchain technology in enhancing data privacy and communication integrity
In today's digital age, data privacy and communication integrity have become extremely important. People rely heavily on digital communications, whether it's storing confidential information or conducting business transactions. However, traditional communication channels are prone to data breaches and cyber attacks, leaving sensitive information vulnerable.
The rising popularity of blockchain technology has opened up new possibilities for secure communication over the internet. There are a number of ways in which blockchain technology can be used to enhance communication security and data privacy.
Firstly, blockchain technology is based on decentralization. This means that there is no central authority controlling the data, making it tamper-proof and resistant to data breaches. Each block in the blockchain contains a unique cryptographic hash, which ensures the integrity of the information stored in each block.
Secondly, blockchain technology is immutable. Once a piece of data is stored on the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted, making it a highly secure way of storing and transmitting data. Every transaction and interaction is recorded on the blockchain, creating an immutable audit trail that cannot be altered.
Thirdly, blockchain technology is highly transparent. Every participant has access to the same information, allowing for greater transparency and visibility, which can be particularly useful in supply chain management and asset tracking.
Finally, blockchain technology allows for greater control over data access. With traditional communication channels, sensitive information may be accessible to a large number of people, making it difficult to control who has access to what. With blockchain technology, data can be encrypted and permissioned, ensuring that only authorized parties can access it.
Using blockchain technology for communications can be particularly useful in industries such as healthcare, finance, and government, where data privacy and integrity are of the utmost importance. For example, in healthcare, blockchain technology could be used to securely store patient data, ensuring that it remains confidential and is only accessible to authorized parties.
In conclusion, blockchain technology holds great potential in enhancing data privacy and communication integrity. Its unique decentralized, immutable, transparent, and permissioned characteristics make it a highly secure way of transmitting and storing sensitive information over the internet. With its wide-ranging applications, businesses and industries should look to harness the potential of blockchain technology in order to safeguard their digital communications.
Real-world examples of blockchains being used for communications and their impact on industries
With the rising popularity of blockchain technology, it has become evident that it has the potential to revolutionize various industries. From finance to healthcare, blockchain has found its way into a plethora of fields, streamlining their processes and improving their efficiency.
One such application of blockchain technology is its use in communications. With the advent of the internet, communication has become an essential aspect of our lives. We all rely on communication to connect with others, share information, and conduct business. However, traditional communication channels come with their own set of challenges, such as privacy, security, and reliability.
Blockchain technology is a decentralized, distributed ledger that can provide a secure and transparent way of transmitting data. With blockchain, every transaction is recorded in a block that cannot be altered, making it almost impossible to hack or manipulate. This feature of blockchain makes it an ideal candidate for secure and reliable communication channels.
Here are some real-world examples of how blockchain technology is being used for communications and its impact on various industries.
1. Social Media: Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have been criticized for their lack of transparency and privacy issues. Blockchain technology can solve this problem by providing a secure and decentralized platform for social media users. A notable example of this is Minds, a blockchain-based social media platform that enables users to access and control their data, and earn rewards for their content.
2. Telecommunications: Blockchain technology can also improve the telecommunication industry by providing secure and reliable communication services. For example, blockchain-based telecom companies like Bubbletone are providing roaming services to travelers by connecting them with local providers through smart contracts.
3. Healthcare: In the healthcare industry, the use of blockchain technology for communication can improve patient data security and privacy. Medicalchain is a blockchain-based platform that enables doctors to access and share patient information in a secure and decentralized manner.
4. Supply Chain Management: The use of blockchain technology can significantly improve supply chain management by providing a transparent and secure way of tracking products. The use of smart contracts on blockchain enables parties involved in the supply chain to communicate and transact seamlessly.
In conclusion, the use of blockchain technology for communication has the potential to revolutionize various industries by providing a secure, transparent, and reliable way of transmitting information. As more organizations explore the use of blockchain, there is no doubt that this technology will continue to shape the way we communicate and conduct business in the future.Home
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BoxTap USB AB520 All-in-one powering electronics Cable management Dual USB Charger Multi-Plug Adapter
Description: - The BoxTap is the easiest way to power your electronic devices, hide power cords, and charge USB devices. Its unique design combines a power strip, cable management box, and USB charging station into a compact enclosure.
- It comes with a 5-outlet power strip and 3 USB charging ports. It also has individual power buttons that let you turn devices on or off with a push of a button.
- BoxTap is great for your home or office, and it lets you conserve energy by turning devices off when not in use.


In conclusion, industrial electrical equipment, particularly lighting solutions, are integral to driving progress in the industrial sector. They enhance safety, boost productivity, promote energy efficiency, and enable the implementation of advanced technologies. As businesses strive to optimize their operations and meet sustainability goals, investing in modern industrial lighting systems is a crucial step towards a brighter and more prosperous future.” In today’s modern world, industrial infrastructures play a pivotal role in driving economic growth and development. These infrastructures are the backbone of manufacturing units, power plants, refineries, and various other industries that fuel our global economy. At the heart of these industrial infrastructures lies a magical component that powers their operations: electrical equipment. Electrical equipment encompasses a wide range of devices, from transformers and switchgears to motors and generators. These essential components provide the necessary electrical power and control systems that enable smooth operations in industrial settings. They are the unsung heroes, working silently behind the scenes to keep the machinery running, ensuring productivity and efficiency.
One of the key aspects of electrical equipment is its ability to transmit, distribute, and transform electricity. Transformers, for instance, are crucial in converting electrical energy from one voltage level dai ly siemens to another, enabling efficient transmission and distribution of power across vast distances. This capability allows industries to receive the electricity they require, regardless of their location, facilitating their growth and expansion. Furthermore, electrical equipment plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of industrial infrastructures. Switchgears, circuit breakers, and protective relays act as the first line of defense, safeguarding equipment and personnel from electrical faults and hazards. These devices monitor the flow of electricity, detect abnormalities, and quickly isolate faulty sections, preventing potential accidents and minimizing downtime. The magic of electrical equipment is not limited to power transmission and safety mechanisms alone. Industrial motors, driven by electricity, are the workhorses of manufacturing processes. They power conveyor belts, assembly lines, pumps, and a myriad of other equipment, enabling automation and streamlining operations.
These motors are designed to provide high torque, precision control, and energy efficiency, enhancing productivity and reducing costs. In recent years, the advent of advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), has transformed electrical equipment even further. Smart electrical devices can now be integrated into industrial infrastructures, creating intelligent systems that optimize energy usage, predict maintenance requirements, and improve overall performance. These advancements contribute to sustainability efforts by minimizing energy wastage and reducing the environmental impact of industries. Moreover, electrical equipment manufacturers are focusing on research and development to enhance the reliability, durability, and energy efficiency of their products. They are leveraging new materials, exploring renewable energy sources, and designing innovative solutions to meet the evolving needs of industrial infrastructures. These advancements not only benefit industries but also pave the way for a greener and more sustainable future. In conclusion, electrical equipment is the magic that empowers industrial infrastructures.


Blockchain startup BlockCypher has partnered with a U.S. Department of Energy lab to develop solutions allowing energy transactions to be settled across multiple blockchains.
The energy agency’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and BlockCypher first plan to demonstrate peer-to-peer energy transactions involving distributed energy resources (DER) over the dash cryptocurrency network between two test homes in the NREL’s energy facility, said Dylan Cutler, senior engineer for the initiative at NREL.
He said in a release:
“Blockchain technology presents a transformative and highly scalable platform for enabling distributed energy markets, which could enable DER to interact more effectively with the larger grid. These interactions include more efficient demand response, capacity reserves, power quality support.”
According to Karen Hsu, head of growth at BlockCypher, people can exchange renewable energy peer to peer with the project’s technology. “This would be important in a natural disaster or when the grid goes down for extended periods, just like weve seen last year across the U.S.,” she said.
The solution – which is planned to be blockchain agnostic – would also help streamline energy consumption by matching power generation with demand, and reducing power deficits during times of high energy usage, Hsu added.
Smart meters with the ability to exchange cryptocurrency for electricity could also make the grid “more efficient and stable by enabling the monetization of stored energy and energy production at the endpoints of the grid,” said Dash Core’s CEO, Ryan Taylor.
Globally, Australian, Japanese, and European energy providers have been starting to develop blockchain-based energy projects in recent months.
Further, a research lab within the U.S. Department of Energy revealed last October that it is exploring the application of blockchain in managing next-generation power grids. In January 2017, the agency began publicly soliciting blockchain research proposals for “novel concepts for energy systems that rely on blockchain.”
Wind Turbines image via Shutterstock


Fuji Electric is a world leader in electronics manufacturing and energy technology with more than 90 years of accumulated technology and experience. To ensure the satisfaction of all customers, Fuji Electric is committed to maintain the highest levels of quality in the industry for the products and services it offers.
Drives and Inverters
Low Voltage AC Drives:
Fuji Electric was one of the first in the industry to develop general purpose Variable Speed Drive, and since then, the company continued to design and develop an energy efficient low & medium voltage drive and extensively increase its product line-up that suits the industrial and commercial needs.
FRENIC Series Variable Frequency Drive by Fuji Electric offers a variety of drives to suit every application.
Medium Voltage Drives:
Fuji Medium-voltage IGBT inverters
With their high efficiency and high power factor, Fuji Electric's Medium-voltage inverters contribute significantly to cost reduction and energy conservation. Fuji Electric inverter products are applicable in a wide range of fields from plants to general industry and feature superior ease of maintenance.
Power and Distribution Transformers
Fuji Electric provides total engineering such as system planning, design and construction of substation facilities.
• Oil- immersed Transformers, Shunt Reactor
• Cast Resin Transformers, MOLTRA
• GIS, Gas Insulated Switchgear
• MV & LV Switchgear
• DC Highspeed Vacuum Circuit Breaker
• Pure Water vaporization Cooling Silicon Rectifier
Sensors and Measurement
Fuji Electric Sensors and Measurement product lineup offers a reliable and accurate instrument for your process needs. Fuji Electric guarantees the quality and value of its products through compliance with rigorous standards specific to each country.
Sensors and Measurement products:


Inspired by the World War II icon Rosie the Riveter, Rosie the Android was built using the Android Things platform to celebrate International Women’s Day.
At the heart of Rosie is an NXP Pico iMX7 development board running Android Things. The firmware handles standard game controller input and outputs PWM signals for the drivetrain and selfie arm control. It also communicates with a Google Pixel 2 to take the photo and a print server to dynamically generate the takeaway and upload it to the Google Cloud.
The next generation of Rosie will include on-board, real time image processing so she can better interact with her environment.


The researchers, Dr. Luis Sison, and the PCIEERD team with Usec. Rowena Cristina L. Guevara
With its commitment to support the Department of Science and Technology's (DOST) advocacy to facilitate innovation and provide assistance in boosting Research and Development initiatives in the country, the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD) successfully facilitated the department's first pitching event for DOST-funded technologies last April 25, 2015 at the University of the Philippines Diliman's Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute (UP-EEEI). The event was orchestrated in collaboration with Dr. Luis Sison, project leader of the DOST-UP Enterprise Center for Technopreneurship.
Ten (10) DOST researchers delivered a 5-minute pitch of the technologies derived from their DOST-funded research projects. Each presented a brief overview of their technologies and business model to a panel composed of selected entrepreneurs, industry professionals, and domain experts in various fields.
The pitching event served as a platform for the researchers to receive feedback on how they can package their technologies to effectively bring them in the market. Further, it also provided an opportunity to entice investors in providing support for the intended commercialization of the technologies.
From left: Dr. Gil Nonato Santos, Ms. Jeannie Cabansag, and Engr. Nino Cristopher Ramos
First to present among the researchers was Ms. Jeannie Cabansag from the Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI). She presented the technology about "Natural Dye for Textiles" showcasing the country's local capability to produce natural dye ready for commercialization. Mr. Greg Ciocson from the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) also presented the "99mTc" or Technicium which can be used for early detection of cancer. Afterwards, Dr. Gil Nonato Santos from De La Salle University presented "Nano-coating for glass" which involves a cheaper liquid solution that can be applied on glass walls so the public will be protected from the heat or UV rays.
Meanwhile, Dr. Jocelyn Zarate from the University of the Philippines Los Banos (UPLB) pitched her technology called "Mykoplus", a biofertilizer formula enriching the soil to indirectly improve the crops' speed of growth through microbes. Also present during the event was Dr. Rowel Atienza from UP-EEEI who presented "3D Gestures". Such technology involves building a library which can enable games or applications to create a real-time transformation of the objects shown on screen.
Also among the researchers who pitched their DOST-funded technologies was Dr. Maricor Soriano from the UP Diliman National Institute of Physics (NIP). She presented the "Coral Reef Assessment", a tear drop automated rapid reef assessment suite tool to more effectively monitor reefs. Then, Dr. Giovanni Tapang, also from NIP UP Diliman, presented a cost-effective and portable hand-held device called "VISSER" that can be distributed in local schools to aid learning about science. Engr. Nino Cristopher Ramos from UP-EEEI also presented a pitch during the event about the "Rapid e-Vehicle Charger" to support sustainable energy use in the transport sector through a more economical rapid e-vehicle charger.
Dr. Giovanni Tapang presenting his pitch on VISSER
Another technology presented was the "RxBox", a prenatal and maternal biomedical telehealth device which seeks to provide access to proper medical care to patients from the rural areas. It was pitched by Dr. Kristine Mae Magtubo from the University of the Philippines Manila. Lastly, Dr. Henry Ramos from UP Diliman pitched the technology "MAX Phase Materials" which involves an anti-termite, fire retardant plasma treatment for wood.
Meanwhile, the panellists for the pitching event are as follows: Mr. Wilson Leung (IBM), Mr. Martin Gomez (IBM), Mr. Jojo Flores (Plug & Play), Mr. Johnny Sy (Cloudtip), Ms. Nicole Paterno (1000 Angels), Ms. Katrina Chan (IdeaSpace), Mr. Martin Co (Sunnymade Corp), Mr. Harry Cheong (Malinta Corp), Mr. Manuel Frondoso (UP-ENDFI) and Dr. Gonzalo Serafica (UP-TTBDO).
DOST's Undersecretary for Science and Technology Services and PCIEERD officer-in-charge, Dr. Rowena Cristina L. Guevara, graced the event and expressed her gratitude towards the researchers for bravely facing the panel by pitching their technologies. She added that it is inspiring to see them go out from their laboratories to showcase the fruit of their hard work. "It is fun to see them finish their work, but it's more fun to see them selling their work," she stated.
The pitching event is a culminating activity of the PCIEERD project entitled "Market and Financial Analysis of Thirty (30) DOST R&D Technologies through the Market Discovery-based Planning and Pitch Session Engagement" initiated by PCIEERD's Research Information and Technology Transfer Division (RITTD) headed by Ms. Russell M. Pili.
The successful event marks another milestone for DOST as this proves the department's staunch commitment in promoting innovation and hastening the technology transfer in the Philippines. Similarly, it illustrates how DOST is recognizing the importance of commercializing technologies derived from its funded projects to make the country globally competitive in terms of Science and Technology innovations (Edgilyn R. Alcasid).


Cellular dynamics and details revealed
千亿体育官网extracting the dynamics of cellular and molecular interactions requires the acquisition of multiple fluorescence signals.
the sp8 lightning confocal system offers you a superior solution to capture up to five true color channels simultaneously at high speed without need for trade-offs in multicolor experiments.
Super-resolution in real time
frame rates for recording processes in living samples can be adjusted by fov scanning systems
benefit from recording various physiological processes at very high rates up to 40 fps at 512x512 offered by resonant scanning.
千亿体育官网process your data with lightning in real time to obtain images with super-resolution, down to 120 nm, enabling you to see the finest details in your living specimens.
Read more in Science Lab
Obtain more information from your experiment
千亿体育官网get images with a large field of view showing super-resolved structures and allowing the observation of molecular interactions and dynamics.
The SP8 LIGHTNING allows you to perform proper sampling over a specimen area at least six times larger than with any other confocal system. It achieves this level of performance using high-speed resonant scanning with imaging formats of up to 2496 x 2496 pixels.
Enhanced signal-to-noise ratio
千亿体育官网the sp8 lightning confocal system takes the image acquisition speed and signal-to-noise ratio to a new level, both for standard and resonant scanning.
focus on the field of interest: acquisition speed can be greatly improved by using freely tunable scan formats and rotation.
千亿体育官网benefit from the full recording speed as lightning enables acquisition with a minimum of averaging.
Specimens protected for long imaging times
designed for sensitivity, the sp8 lightning confocal system allows you to follow dynamic processes in organisms over long periods of time without disturbing their development. lowest illumination intensity greatly reduces phototoxicity.
The SP8 LIGHTNING makes sure every photon counts. Its detection concept provides imaging with enhanced sensitivity and the highest efficiency. This optimization is possible due to the synergy of super-sensitive hybrid detection integrated into a filter-free prism-based spectral detection system.
Navigate your specimen with ease
The LAS X Navigator software allows for easy correlation of high resolution images with slide overviews, even created with a mobile phone.
千亿体育官网define with a single mouse click the slide areas to be scanned. use a fast mosaic scan to get a detailed view of the defined area where you can zoom into your region of interest.
the correlation includes not only intensity information, but also quantitative data like excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetime imaging.
千亿体育官网with the las x navigator, you can use a large selection of sample carrier templates to do easy multiwell plate screening. create a quick overview using the spiral scan in each well and use the auto-focus map to keep your focus in positon. quantify image data generated by random position or selected well imaging.
Fast track to results
the workflow-oriented design of the las x and intuitive software wizards guide you step-by-step through image acquisition, processing, and analysis. tailor las x to your needs with additional software packages, like 3d visualization and 3d analysis, which allow you to understand the topology of your 3d image and quantify various aspects of intracellular structures. the examination and analysis of your experiments become straightforward with the sp8 lightning system and las x software.
LAS X Live Data Mode
- Easy setup of complex, interactive time-lapse experiments
- Change hardware parameters during a running experiment for maximum control
- Trigger functions to synchronize image acquisition with external devices
LAS X MicroLab
- Wizards for user friendly setup and analysis of FRAP, FLIP and FRET
- Optimized for fast recording speeds
- User guidance for minimal learning effort
LAS X 3D Visualization
- Fast reconstruction and processing of 3D data by GPU-based algorithms
- Interactive shadow projection to emphasize three dimensional structures
- Powerful clipping tool for channel specific user defined segmentations
- Sophisticated Movie Editor for the generation of complex 3D animationsU: LAS X microscope software with additional software packages
Be inspired with multiple imaging modalities
in whichever direction your research will evolve, the sp8 lightning confocal microscope is open to adapt to your scientific requirements.
千亿体育官网you can combine and accommodate different research methods in the sp8 lightning ranging from confocal microscopy with super-resolution to sted nanoscopy.
千亿体育官网be free to add methods such as multiphoton microscopy, lifetime imaging, light sheet imaging or cars depending on your research question.


Payment & Shipping Terms:
|Item Name:||Electric Frying Machine||Be Made Of:||Stainless Steel|
|Supply Source:||Electricity||Feature:||Automatic Turnover|
|Source Power:||15kw||Usage:||Frying Donuts, Potato Chips Etc.|
Automatic turn-over electric four-row stainless steel donut frying machine
The continuous frying machine include: automatic belt conveyor system, Frying System, Oil Tank. It can be used for fry easy floating material which like donuts, potato chips etc.
1. With integrated temperature probe, you can control oil temperature accurately.
2. Mechanical turn-cake system.
3. Efficient battery and power switch
4. Speed regulator and temperature regulator, you can adjust the speed and temperature.
5. Automatically turn over and track dellivery system.
6. Four-row track.
|Model||T-200 automatic deep fryer|


2nd Edition Smart Materials & Surfaces Conference
SMS KOREA 2016
23 Mar - 25 Mar 2016 | Incheon - Korea
2nd Edition International Smart Materials & Surfaces Conference
SMS Korea 2016
The 2nd Edition Smart Materials & Surfaces conference, SMS Korea 2016, is a three-day event targeting researchers interested in the design, modification, characterization and applications of Novel Smart & Active Surfaces and Materials. It seeks to be a leading event in the area of smart materials, coatings, surfaces and structures in the world. The goal of conference is to provide a global platform for researchers and engineers coming from academia and industry and different regions of the world to present their research results and activities in the field of Intelligent Materials science and engineering. The conference will provide opportunities for the delegates to exchange face-to-face their novel ideas and experiences with the international experts during plenary & invited talks, oral presentations and posters sessions.
SMS Korea 2016 is to be held in parallel to SURTECH KOREA Expo as a concurrent event.
SURTECH KOREA exhitors are invited to join SMS KOREA 2016 as attendees, presenters or speakers. They are invited to submit their abstracts when they are looking to make poster or oral presentations.
The conference themes are as follow :
- Material/coating design, formulation, processing and characterization, Design and Theory of Smart Surfaces, Interface and interaction science, Hierarchical structures and molecular-particle networks, New manufacturing technologies
Novel nano and micro-devices, Composites and nanocomposites, Ceramics/Nanoceramics, Conducting and conjugated polymers, Electrochromic materials, Liquid crystals, Inorganic-organic hybrid •Materials for Energy conversion and storage devices/systems (Photoconversion/ Renewable Energy/ Photovoltaic/ Fuel Cells and Solar Cells)
Biomaterials, Electrochemistry, Catalyst materials, Piezoelectric, ferroelectric, electroactive, electromagnetic, self-healing, heating, sensing, etc. materials
- Nanoparticles, nanocrystals, colloids, sols, and quantum dots. Self- assemblies and directed assemblies of molecules and nanoparticles
Thin Films, membranes, and coatings
Nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanorods and nanobelts
Nanostructured, Nanocomposites, Nanoporous, mesoporous and microporous materials
Nanomaterials (atomic, molecular, and bulk) characterization techniques.
Characterization and Properties
- Micro- and nano-characterization of mechanical and electromechanical properties
Damage, fatigue, aging, and fracture mechanics of smart devices •Design optimization
Mechanics of nano-devices
Continuum models for nonlinear multi-field coupled behavior
Micromechanical and thermodynamical modeling approaches
Nano-scale effects and atomistic modeling techniques
Advanced mathematical methods, finite element formulations and implementation
Modeling, Simulation and Control of Adaptive Systems
Integrated System Design and Implementation
Structural Health Monitoring
Sensing and actuation
- Sensors materials
Spectroscopic, Electromagnetic, Acoustic, Chemical and mechanical sensing and actuation
Sensor/actuator signal processing
Compatibility of sensors and actuators with conventional and advanced materials
Smart sensors for materials and composites processing.
Optics and electromagnetic
- Optical fiber technology
Active and adaptive optical systems and components
Tunable high-dielectric phase shifters
Tunable surface control
MIMOs, MEMS and Liquid metal devices.
- Energy harvesting and storage
MEMS and NEMS devices and applications
Biomedical, Prosthetic and Implant Materials and Biosensors
Food and pharmaceutical packaging
Automotive, aerospace, textile, construction, etc
Prof. Elias SIORES
Provost, Bolton University, United Kigndom
Prof. Kwang S. Kim
Director, Center for Superfunctional Materials, Ulsan National Insitute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Korea
rof. Mohabattul Zaman Bukhari
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia
Prof. Jin-Ho Choy
Director, Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.


The Samsung QN90A is the top model of Samsung's 2021 Neo QLED TV lineup. Meanwhile, the Samsung Q90T is the predecessor, also the top model of Samsung's QLED TV in last year 2020. ... but for LED TVs, it is including the best, especially for the QN95A that has contrast ratio above 26000:1. Winner: QN90A. ... you just need enable 'LED. These advanced features also allow the device to provide a good gaming experience. Extensive Connectivity. The Samsung QE-QN90A has an HDMI 2.1 input, 2 USB ports, 2 HDMI 2.0 inputs as well as an eARC output and an optical audio output . The device can easily be connected to a variety of media, such as a DVD player or game console. Samsung QN90A: The QN90A is available in seven total sizes ranging from 43 inches all the way up to a huge, room-dominating 98-inch model. ... In addition, both models offer a variation of Samsung's Game Bar—a settings menu that relays frame rate information, offers genre-specific picture settings, and allows for immediate access to the TV.
After this, you should visit the Expert Setting menu and make the necessary adjustments. It is best to leave most of the values at default but for reference sake, they are: Contrast - 45 Sharpness - 0 Color - 25 Tint (G/R) - 0 Color Tone - Warm2 Gamma - 2.2 If your images are not bright enough, then you should make adjustments to the Brightness. Samsung's flagship 2021 TV, the Neo QLED QN90A, delivers on its promise of precise and breathtaking contrast. Photo by Samsung. When the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series S/X launched late last year, I — like many console gamers — realized the time had come for me to upgrade my TV. Sony and Microsoft's new machines can crank out gorgeous.
Cons. Best of the Best. Samsung. 55-inch QN90A QLED Smart TV. Check Price. Most Comprehensive. Highly rated smart TV with solid HDR performance, wide viewing angles, and high image quality. Solid QLED performance offers vivid colors and crisp image quality.
Best Surround Sound System for Samsung Smart TV Review. See More Images. 1. Logitech Z906 5.1. Compared to the other systems on today's list, Logitech's offer is the cheapest one. Yes, it is available at a rather affordable price but still offers decent value.


EMC and Brocade Distance Extension
Helping You Meet the Standard for SRDF and Brocade Data Center Ready
Superna has in-depth technical expertise in storage distance interoperability and wide area networking. We have built a world-class data center facility with a capability to fully test storage network interoperability with EMC SRDF and VPLEX. This facility is used by network equipment manufacturers to qualify their products and undertake performance verification testing during equipment release cycles. Superna has worked with all the major network and WAN Optimization equipment providers to undertake successful EMC Entrance Criteria testing. This can result in publication on the EMC Support Matrix or Letters of Support from EMC. The Superna data center includes EMC storage, VCE Vblocks, servers, Cisco switching fabrics, Brocade and Cisco fibre channel switches, Qlogic systems, optical and ethernet devices, and fibre optics to generate distance.
Superna has a complete EMC test bed to undertake Entrance Criteria for SRDF and provides a storage distance networking qualification and testing solution with event and correlation root-cause software tools. Unlike the alternative business model that requires equipment manufacturers to invest heavily in infrastructure and personnel, we offer a fully endorsed and rapid qualification service that complies with EMC and Brocade`s standards.
The Brocade Technology Alliance Program is designed to help vendors perform compatibility testing with Brocade products, create applications utilizing the Brocade SMI Agent (SMI-A), and develop a stronger relationship with Brocade. Superna has many years of hands on interoperability and compatibility testing with Brocade SAN products and offers the following Interoperability by Solution services to Brocade Technology Partners:
Data Center Ready Interop testing for WAN and SAN extension for the Data Center Ready, compatibility matrix; and
Data Center Ready testing - Ethernet solutions
Support Beyond Qualification
Superna can also assist with proof of concepts. If you are looking to enhance product capabilities for storage transport or go-to-market activities, we can help with product architecture and design. We work directly with EMC for SRDF and storage systems, Brocade and Cisco for switching fabrics.
EMC Isilon ICAP Scalability and Qualification
A First to Market Solution to Qualify ICAP Scaling for EMC Isilon
Superna has developed an ICAP Anti Virus scanning platform that simulates 100's to 1000's of end users reading, writing, file based content that needs to be scanned. As file based content grows, there is a need to scan larger and larger volumes of file based content using the Internet Content Adaptation Protocol (ICAP) a lightweight HTTP-like protocol specified in RFC 3507 which is used to extend transparent proxy servers, thereby freeing up resources and standardizing the way in which new features are implemented (source: Internet Content Adaptation Protocol - Wikipedia).
The service assists Software AV vendors validate performance of their ICAP enabled products
Delivers scalability test report on the performance of the AV engine under various load configurations
Verifies interoperability with the market leading NAS solution from EMC on the Isilon platform
The testbed that is set up is shown below. This has been successfully executed with security and virus scanning software solutions.
Develop Your Data Center Solution With Us
Call or email today to find out how you can leverage the expertise of our team and capabilities of our sophisticated infrastructure to develop your data center hardware or software solution.
EMC Isilon Video Surveillance Qualifications
Video content is one of the fastest growing media types in the Enterprise today. Video is now used in more industries as a critical system for banking/financial, surveillance, education, security, real-estate, and healthcare. Video requires file based storage solutions that scale and must handle high throughput with HD video transition from lower resolution video now the norm.
How We Help
Video Management System vendors depend on network attached storage to scale their video solution. Superna's exclusive choice for storage is EMC's Isilon Scale Out Storage products that scale VMS solutions.
What We Offer
Superna offers video management scalability testing, white paper, and technical marketing services. We also specialize in vertical market solutions by tightly integrating VMS solutions with storage automation, system level monitoring of VMS and Isilon products with our Eyeglass virtual appliance storage automation and monitoring platform. We can provide an integrated easy to monitor and manage VMS + EMC Isilon storage solution.


Light Up Your Home Instantly with Led Motion Sensor Light!
Led Motion Sensor Light is a type of light which uses a motion sensor to detect the presence of people or animals in the surrounding area and turn on automatically when they are detected. These lights are commonly used in dark areas to provide a safe and secure environment. They can be used both indoors and outdoors and are particularly useful for households, businesses, and other public areas. They are energy-efficient and have a long life span, making them an economical choice. Led Motion Sensor Lights are also easy to install and maintain, making them a popular choice for many people. They provide a safe environment for people and animals, as well as deterring potential intruders.
Led Motion Sensor Light
Led Motion Sensor Light is a great way to save energy and enhance security. It turns on automatically when motion is detected, and is designed to provide a bright light that easily illuminates a wide area. It is also energy efficient, using minimal energy to produce a strong light. It is easy to install and can be used both indoors and outdoors. It is a great way to light a dark area without having to manually turn on and off the lights. Additionally, it is a great way to increase safety and security in any area, as it will alert you when motion is detected. By using a motion sensor light, you can save energy and money while also protecting your home and family.
Benefits of Installing Led Motion Sensor Lights
Motion sensing lights are becoming increasingly popular due to their many benefits. LED motion sensor lights are even more efficient, making them an ideal choice for home or business owners. Installing LED motion sensor lights can provide a wide range of benefits that go beyond just energy savings.
The most obvious benefit of installing LED motion sensor lights is the energy savings. LEDs are already highly efficient, and when combined with motion sensors, they can save even more energy. In addition to saving on electricity costs, motion sensor lights also reduce the need for frequent repositioning of lights and lamp replacement due to bulb burnout.
Another benefit of LED motion sensor lights is improved security. When lights are triggered by the presence of an intruder, it can act as an effective deterrent, preventing break-ins and other criminal activity. Motion sensor lights can also be used to illuminate dark areas, making them safer and more convenient for visitors and homeowners.
LED motion sensor lights also provide convenience. Lights can be activated as soon as someone enters a room, providing immediate illumination without the need to manually turn on the lights. This can be especially useful in the middle of the night.
Finally, LED motion sensor lights can provide a stylish, modern look to any home or business. These lights are available in a wide range of styles, colors, and finishes, making it easy to find the perfect fit for any space.
In conclusion, installing LED motion sensor lights can provide a wide range of benefits. From energy savings to improved security and convenience, LED motion sensor lights can make any home or business more efficient, comfortable, and secure.
Types of Led Motion Sensor Lights
LED motion sensor lights are a great way to increase safety and security around your home or business. They are a cost-effective and energy-efficient lighting solution that can be used both indoors and outdoors. With a wide variety of types of LED motion sensor lights available, there is a perfect option for any need.
One of the most popular types of LED motion sensor lights is the traditional style. These lights are designed to switch on when motion is detected, providing a bright burst of light to illuminate the area. Traditional LED motion sensor lights are perfect for illuminating pathways, garages, and other areas that may need extra lighting.
Another type of LED motion sensor light is the floodlight. These are ideal for outdoor areas that require extra illumination. Floodlights can be set up to light up large areas and provide a higher level of security and safety. They are especially useful for high-traffic areas such as driveways and parking lots.
For a more subtle approach, many people opt for dusk-to-dawn LED motion sensor lights. These lights are designed to switch on at sunset and turn off at sunrise, providing a gentle glow throughout the night. This type of lighting is perfect for providing subtle illumination without being too bright.
Finally, there are also motion-activated spotlights. These lights are designed to detect movement and then focus a beam of light on the area. Spotlights are perfect for illuminating specific areas such as entrances and exits or to provide extra security for a particular area.
No matter what type of LED motion sensor light you choose, you’ll be able to benefit from added safety and energy savings. With the wide variety of types available, you’ll be sure to find the perfect lighting solution for your needs.
Installation Process of Led Motion Sensor Lights
Installing LED motion sensor lights can be an easy and cost-effective way to add security and convenience to your home. Motion sensor lights detect movement and turn on automatically, providing illumination and deterring intruders. In this blog post, we’ll take you through the installation process of LED motion sensor lights.
First, you’ll need to select an appropriate location for the lights. When selecting a location for your motion sensor light, it’s important to consider the coverage area, mounting height, and visibility. You should also select a location that is away from other sources of heat and light, as this can interfere with the motion sensor’s detection capabilities.
Once you’ve selected a suitable location, you’re ready to begin the installation process. Start by turning off the power to the area where you are installing the lights. This is for your safety, as working with electricity can be dangerous.
Next, you’ll need to mount the LED motion sensor light. Depending on the model, you may need to use screws or other hardware to mount the light. Make sure the mounting is secure and the light is pointed in the desired direction.
Once the light is mounted, you can connect the wires to the appropriate terminals. Make sure the wires are firmly connected and the power is turned off before continuing. Now you can connect the motion sensor to the power source. This can be done either directly to the wall outlet or to an existing power source.
Finally, you can adjust the settings on the LED motion sensor light. Depending on the model, you may be able to adjust the sensitivity, time delay, and other settings. Once you’ve made the necessary adjustments, you’re ready to turn the power on and test out your new LED motion sensor light!
Installing LED motion sensor lights can be a simple and effective way to add extra security and convenience to your home. With the right tools and a bit of patience, you can have your lights up and running in no time.
Overall, the Led Motion Sensor Light is a great product that is perfect for use in dark areas or areas where you need to conserve energy. The light is easy to use and it is perfect for use in areas where you need to be able to see what is happening. Overall, the Led Motion Sensor Light is a great product that is perfect for use in dark areas or areas where you need to conserve energy.


Fitness, Activity and Wellness Wearables
Metria IH1 is a disposable lifestyle assessment system that collects and reports multiple parameters for health, fitness and wellness purposes. The Metria IH1 has multiple embedded sensors including a 3-axis accelerometer, Galvanic Skin Response, and 2 temperature sensors (near body and skin). These sensors collect over 5,000 readings from the body every minute, measuring the user’s motion, skin temperature, heat flux and galvanic skin response (a sweat-related measurement). Data is stored in the device’s memory until the data is extracted and analyzed.
Whatever your fitness level or style, the Withings Pulse O2 can help you be more active and improve your health. During the day it captures steps, distance walked, elevation climbed and calories burned. At night, it monitors your sleeping cycles. And when asked, it measures your heart rate and blood oxygen level. The Pulse O2 offers an empowering experience, as you are able to better yourself by making informed choices.
Mother and the Motion Cookies are a family of smart sensors that you can set in two minutes to perform the functions you want and that you can change as often as you need
Muse is a brainwave sensing headband and brain fitness tool. Muse uses 7 sensors to detect and measure your brain activity. This activity is converted into information you can track on your phone or tablet.
ECG Wearables and Heart Monitors
The AliveCor Heart Monitor is an easy-to-use, powerful, and accurate ECG-recording device that fits in your pocket and enables you to record an ECG anywhere, anytime. If you feel a symptom, the Heart Monitor can capture it quickly. The monitor is FDA-cleared in the U.S. for over-the-counter use to store and transfer single-channel ECG rhythms wirelessly. The AliveCor Heart Monitor is a FDA-cleared mobile ECG recorder for both iPhone and Android mobile devices. The monitor easily attaches to the back of your iOS or Android mobile device or tablet, and wirelessly communicates with the free AliveECG app, available in the U.S. App Store and Google Play. ECGs are stored in the app and on secure, encrypted servers that can be viewed anytime, anywhere. ECGs can also be printed or e-mailed directly from your mobile device, and you can grant access to your physicians.
AmpStrip is heart rate monitor that is not uncomfortable like a heart rate strap or inaccurate like a heart rate LED sensor that can be found on many smart phones and wearables. AmpStrip accurately monitors heart rate, exercise load, resting heart rate, recovery heart rate and other biometrics all day, every day, helping you understand exactly how hard you are pushing your body and where you are in the training-recovery cycle. AmpStrip uses a single lead ECG sensor to capture heart rate with precision. The device attaches to the body like a band aid, and can be worn for 3-7 days before the adhesive part needs to be replaced. The device comes with a gamified app that transfers data to the via Bluetooth. The device is also waterproof!
AmpStrip has an Indiegogo campaign and as of 1/11/15 it has raised 178k of it’s goal of 50k dollars
Lumo Body Tech
The only activity tracker that coaches you to better posture with gentle vibrations. Tracks posture, steps, distance & calories.


|关键词: 新闻 推荐算法 可信评价体系 公平性 可解释性 抗抵赖性
|Trust Evaluation of News Recommendation Algorithms
|LIU Zongzhen,ZHANG Xiaodan,GUO Tao,GE Jingguo,ZHOU Xi,WANG Yuhang,CHEN Jiadi,LV Honglei,LIN Junyu
|School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
|With the rapid development of new technologies such as AI, 5G, and AR/VR, the applications on content, such as e-commerce, social networks, and short videos et al. have emerged one after another, leading the increasingly serious problem of information overload. The development of artificial intelligence technology has promoted the explosive application of intelligent algorithms. As a kind of intelligent algorithm, driven by big data, application scenarios and computing capability, recommendation algorithms provide the users with personalized and high-quality recommendation services that adapt to their interests and behaviors, which has not only gradually improved the user experience and the efficiency of content distribution, but also alleviated the problem of information overload to a certain extent. However, the potential biases, black-box characteristics and the content distribution methods of recommendation algorithms have gradually brought security challenges such as unfairness and inexplicability on the decision-making results, information cocoon and the infringement of user privacy et al. How to improve the interpretability, fairness, and trust of recommendation algorithms has been paid more and more attention from the regulatory agencies of governments, industries and academia at home and abroad. Therefore, the recommendation systems and recommendation algorithms enter the regulatory period from the development period. To this end, in the news field, by analyzing the key elements of the recommendation algorithm, such as manuscript portraits, user portraits, recommendation, feedback and interventions, and manual reviews, focusing on the participants of the recommendation algorithm ecology, such as the content producers, the audiences, the algorithm models and the news platform, this study proposes a trust evaluation system for the news recommendation algorithms based on fairness, interpretability and anti-denying. At last, we carry out the qualitative or quantitative analysis. Fairness, interpretability, and anti-denying are positively correlated. When the fairness and anti-denying are stronger and the interpretability is higher, the trust of the news recommendation algorithm is higher. It is expected to fill the research gaps in the study of the trust of news recommendation algorithms, establish a trust recommendation algorithm ecology, accelerate the establishment and promotion of secure recommendation systems, provide a reference for research on the trust of intelligent algorithms, and provide better ideas for the supervision and governance of smart algorithms.
|Key words: news recommendation algorithm trust evaluation system fairness interpretability anti-denying


SETTING THE TRANSFORMER TO HIGH TAP
All the manufacturers have a transformer setting for locations with "low line voltage".
Low line voltage happens most often in the summer when your game is plugged into a
power line that shares an air conditioner.
The high-tap transformer setting will bump up the solenoid voltages (only, does not
affect light voltages) about 2 or 3 volts. This gives your pop bumpers, kickers, and
flippers a bit of extra power. Not a ton, but just a bit. Don't worry, you won't burn out
coils with this setting. I set most of my EM games to high-tap and it gives them just a bit
more punch. But again, it's personal preference and what you like.
High-tap does NOT effect the lights. High-tap ONLY effects the solenoid voltages. The 6
volts used for the bulbs aren't effected. They use a separate winding on the transformer.
Well, this isn't completely true. If your Gottlieb game has a light feature like "Last Ball In
Play", high-tap could roast that particular bulb (only). This happens because some
feature lights run off the 30 volt solenoid voltage and use a 75 ohm 10 watt resistor to
knock the 30 volt current down for 6 volt lamps. If you go to high-tap, you may need to
increase this resistor to 125 ohms. Otherwise those select bulbs (only) will burn too hot.
These lamps can be easily seen on Gottlieb schematics. All the normal 6 volt lamps will
be on the upper left corner. If a lamp is shown on the shematics in the same section as
coils and relays, then there will be a drop-down resistor to limit its lamp current.


Sharing information about key challenges and developments in high integrity software engineering.
High Integrity Software means trustworthy software: software that does exactly what it is intended to do – no less and no more.
Traditionally, the kind of engineering techniques required for producing high integrity software have been the preserve of critical systems, where safety, security or business functions can potentially be impaired. Such systems are often found in transportation, defence, and other critical national infrastructure.
In the wider market, the public have become used to unreliable software, to the extent that it has become an accepted norm to have to switch things off and on again to get them to work. And rarely a week goes past without a major security leak or high-impact bug making international news.
Software and embedded systems are destined to become more and more pervasive and critical in our everyday lives with the growth of the IoT and continuous technological development in such fields as automation, Big data and autonomous vehicles. In these kind of systems unreliable software is simply not going to be acceptable, as its potential to compromise our everyday safety and security continues to grow.
The mission of the High Integrity Software conference is to share best practice across industrial domains. We feature talks from industrial and academic specialists which will help to disseminate experience and knowledge of important techniques and methods that are widely applicable across the software industry.
If you are involved with the development of software that matters, join the high integrity software community at HIS 2017.


Data-based working and the creation of a cross-project and cross-partner data pool are cornerstones of the idea behind the Foundation. Digital twin, big data, BIM etc. are buzzwords that need to be filled with content.
- Data model for the presentation of digital twins, to be developed swiftly
- Capability for simulation with a digital twin
- Collection point for large quantities of data for analysis purposes
- Highly developed analytics functionalities in order to gain findings from large quantities of data
- Leads: UBM
- Team: Schneider Electric, Mazars, Hailo Digital Hub
- Science: Prof. Dr. Hartmut Schmeck, Prof. Dr. Dr. Thomas Schildhauer


The gripper generates a high flow rate for reliable and gentle handling. The vacuum is established extremely quickly, which allows for very short handling cycles. The SCG can reliably move workpieces even with low coverage of the suction area, for example if printed circuit boards contain openings or drill holes or have been assembled. Users also benefit from the low operating costs: The gripper delivers high performance with minimum air consumption. It has a suction rate of 590 liters per minute and operates at an operating pressure of between 1 and 5 bar.
The SCG can be flexibly integrated into existing production systems. It is designed to be ready to connect, is exceptionally compact with dimensions of 55 x 70 mm and has a built-in vacuum generator. This eliminates the need for additional hoses – and the gripper can be easily installed in either the lateral or axial position. The suction cup on the flow gripper is made from Perbunan nitrile rubber: This material is anti-static and dissipates potential electrical charges that could damage sensitive electronic components.