With 5G technology just around the corner, it’s time to start thinking about the possibilities it can bring to the healthcare sector. 5G has the potential to revolutionize telemedicine in India, making it easier and faster for patients to get the care they need.
5G can help manage data and security more effectively, making it possible for doctors to access patient data from anywhere in the world. And with 5G ambulances and 5G wearable devices, patients will have access to real-time medical care and support.
What does this mean for the future of healthcare in India? Read on to find out.
The Healthcare Sector in India and Its Challenges
The healthcare sector in India is currently facing a number of challenges. The country has a large population, with over 1.3 billion people, and a high burden of disease. In addition, there is a shortage of doctors, with only around one doctor for every 1,700 people. This means that many people have to travel long distances to see a doctor, and there is often a long wait time for appointments.
The arrival of 5G can help to address these challenges. With its ultra-high bandwidth and low latency, 5G can support the high-resolution streaming of medical images and video consultations. This will allow patients to connect with doctors from anywhere in the country, without having to travel long distances. In addition, 5G will help to reduce the wait time for appointments, as patients will be able to connect with doctors immediately.
The Potential of 5G in Healthcare
There’s no doubt that 5G is going to revolutionize the telecommunications industry. But did you know that it could also have a huge impact on healthcare?
5G has the potential to dramatically improve the quality and speed of telemedicine services. This would be a huge help in countries like India, where the healthcare system is currently struggling to meet the needs of its population.
With 5G, patients would be able to receive high-quality care from anywhere in the world, without having to travel long distances or wait for hours in overcrowded hospitals. This would be a lifesaving development for many people who are currently unable to access the healthcare they need.
The Adoption of 5G in India
The adoption of 5G in India is still in its early stages, but there are already several key players that are looking to capitalize on the new technology.
One area where 5G is expected to make a big impact is telemedicine. With 5G, doctors will be able to provide consultations and treatments to patients in remote areas, without having to be in the same room. This could help to tackle some of the biggest healthcare challenges in India, such as the shortage of doctors and the high cost of treatment.
The Impact of 5G on Telemedicine in India
There’s no doubt that 5G will have a huge impact on telemedicine in India. With download speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G, it will be possible to transmit high-resolution images, videos and other medical data instantly and without any lag time. This will make it possible for doctors in far-flung areas to provide real-time consultations to patients in urban areas, and for patients in rural areas to access specialist care that would otherwise be unavailable to them.
5G will also make it possible for medical professionals to use augmented reality and virtual reality technologies to diagnose and treat patients. For example, surgeons could use virtual reality headsets to see inside the patient’s body and identify any problems, or nurses could use augmented reality glasses to monitor a patient’s vital signs from anywhere in the world.
This will help to improve the quality of care that is provided, and make it easier for patients to access the treatment they need.
Additionally, 5G can help to reduce the cost of healthcare in India. By making it easier for doctors to connect with patients remotely, we can reduce the need for unnecessary trips to the hospital. This will not only save patients time and money, but it will also free up valuable resources that can be used to improve healthcare infrastructure and facilities.
The Future of 5G in Healthcare in India
5G is the next-generation mobile network that is set to revolutionize the way we use technology. With download speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G, it will make streaming, gaming and downloading a breeze. But what many people don’t know is that 5G has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, too.
Telemedicine is a growing trend in India, as it offers a more affordable and convenient way for people to access healthcare services. But 5G has the potential to take telemedicine to the next level, making it even more accessible and efficient. 5G can help to reduce latency (the delay between sending and receiving data), which is crucial for telemedicine applications. It can also help to provide more reliable connections and faster speeds, which are essential for streaming high-quality medical images and videos.
The future of 5G in healthcare looks bright, and we can expect to see many more innovative telemedicine applications in the coming years.
There’s no doubt that 5G will bring unprecedented speeds and capabilities to the world of telemedicine. With 5G, we’ll be able to manage data and security more effectively, provide better care for patients, and use 5G ambulances and wearable devices to improve the quality of care patients receive


Very excited to show off the first prototype I'm testing this week.
On the outside you'll notice a single toggle switch and a small LCD screen. This display is from the old Nokia 5110 phones. If you're like me, you spent a good chunk of your childhood playing snake on one of these babies.
Inside 1 is powered by an Electric Imp. This is the brain that receives the input from the switch and sends commands to the display. They have an interesting approach as it bundles a whole platform with their hardware. All their chips connect to their cloud service to receive automatic firmware updates and any internet requests from the device are funneled through their servers first.
(They also have a neat solution for entering your local WIFI credentials on a device without a keyboard.)
I've also setup a basic API server to receive notifications when the switch is flipped. Eventually this will used to track time towards goals and provide notifications and reminders.
In the next post we'll detail some of the testing process and findings.


samsung is one of the best CCTV manufacturer in the world. more than that it has credibility of years in the industry
Hikvision is largest manufacturer of cctv survilience products. It has large market share in CCTV dubai indstry
Multiview is one of growing brand in Dubai. It has product which is based on latest technologies in the CCTV market
CCTV or surveillance solution is the important aspect of Dubai Economy. The Dubai government acknowledged The necessity of securing environments with CCTV solutions which will prevent crimes and other anti social threats. CCTV monitors day to day activities and records the video as archive to examine what was happening. The CCTV solution helps police and other security force to track the crime with solid evidence. CCTV is a very demanding solution in Dubai. But companies facing difficulties to choose best CCTV solutions in Dubai. GreenFuture CCTV experts in Dubai design best CCTV solution for its customers. Greenfuture years of expertise in CCTV field will help us to design best CCTV solution for its customers in dubai. CCTV surveillance system helps to monitor our premises like office, house, factory, sales outlets and areas. CCTV solutions importance is gaining day by day in UAE emirates like Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman and Ras Al Khaima. UAE governments like Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah governments has special consideration of CCTV surveillance system and They supports and encourages CCTV solutions in every premises. CCTV installation at banks, exchanges are mandatory in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. GFC CCTV brings you the best of CCTV devices with advanced mature technology which comes at an unbelievable price. Our great skilled CCTV Installers are skilled and deliver better services. We have been using the latest technology that brings you crystal clear pictures, day and night. With all our CCTV products and workmanship being totally guaranteed, we have CCTV surveillance Camera Systems packages at unbelievable prices. Our expert CCTV Installation team of experts ensures that you are getting the best value for money without any compromise on image quality. GFC offers our customers the highest quality CCTV camera for home and Business CCTV Security Cameras which brings you complete CCTV surveillance systems to keep safe your premises. With CCTV surveillance Camera Installation, you can view the videos through the monitor or from your TV or Computer. If you will link CCTV DVR or CCTV recorder to the internet, you can view CCTV footages from iPhone, iPad, PC, Linux, blackberry and android it is possible to be linked CCTV Security surveillance Cameras with an intrusion alarm system to give you tightened security. You will get an alert when alarm is triggered and you can view the live CCTV videos immediately on your phone. CCTV is Universal in USA and their police department says that CCTV is a principal weapon to fight against crime. CCTV can be used to keep safe your business or your residence against robbery and theft.


Development of industrial, mining & defence products
We apply our multi-sectorial experience to resolve challenges around artificial intelligence and machine learning, IoT and connected technologies, user experience design and more.
Unique skills, training and expertise enable us to work across defence and industrial (mining, utilities, rail) markets. Our team has deep experience in the design of intelligent systems for sensing, monitoring, information collation and analysis. We are routinely engaged to develop ruggedised solutions, connected technologies, and safety critical designs to meet the challenges of our clients in these market sectors.
Hydrix has the track-record, the skills, and the know-how to develop market ready products and technologies fast.


Our research is on large-scale data analytics and machine learning for networks. Our research seeks real-world applications important to our society. These problems motivate new methodologies on data analytics and learning in a networked setting. Recent work includes
- Resilient energy networks and impact on people,
- Spatial temporal models for learning from micro data at scale.
In collaboration with colleagues, service providers and policy makers, our research uses field data from large geographical regions in the United States. We welcome collaboration.
Recent publication and news
- IEEE PES Task Force, AM Stanković, KL Tomsovic, F De Caro, M Braun, JH Chow, N Äukalevski, I Dobson, J Eto, B Fink, C Hachmann, D Hill, C Ji, JA Kavicky, V Levi, CC Liu, L Mili, R Moreno, M Panteli, FD Petit, G Sansavini, C Singh, AK Srivastava, K Strunz, H Sun, Y Xu, S Zhao, “Methods for Analysis and Quantification of Power System Resilience,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Early Access, P1-14, Oct. 2022 [PDF]
Abstract: This paper summarizes the report prepared by an IEEE PES Task Force. Resilience is a fairly new technical concept for power systems, and it is important to precisely delineate this concept for actual applications. As a critical infrastructure, power systems have to be prepared to survive rare but extreme incidents (natural catastrophes, extreme weather events, physical/cyber-attacks, equipment failure cascades, etc.) to guarantee power supply to the electricity-dependent economy and society…
Amir Afsharinejad, Chuanyi Ji and Robert Wilcox, “Large-scale data analytics for resilient recovery services from power failure,” Joule – Cell Press, Volume 5, Issue 9, P2504-2520, Sept. 2021 (featured article) [PDF]
Abstract: Massive power failures are induced frequently by natural disasters. A fundamental challenge is how recovery can be resilient to the increasing severity of disruptions in a changing climate. We conduct a large-scale study on recovery from 169 failure events at two operational distribution grids in the states of New York and Massachusetts. Guided by unsupervised learning from non-stationary data, our analysis finds that under the widely adopted prioritization policy favoring large failures, recovery exhibits a scaling property where a majority (90%) of customers recovers in a small fraction (10%) of total downtime. However, …
- Warmest and belated congrats to Amir for becoming Dr. Amir Afsharinejad in Dec. 2021.
- A recent feature article by the editors at Nature Energy 2021 selects our paper 2016 as one of the favorites published at Nature Energy in the past five years. (ECE Gatech News.)


In the world of AI language models, Bard AI and ChatGPT are two of the most popular and widely used models. While both models are designed to communicate with humans in natural language and provide intelligent responses, there are some key differences between them. In this article, we will compare and contrast Bard AI and ChatGPT to help you determine which one is best for your needs.
Accuracy and Naturalness of Responses:
Q: How accurate are the responses generated by Bard AI and ChatGPT?
A: Both models perform well in terms of accuracy and naturalness of responses. However, ChatGPT has an edge over Bard AI due to its more advanced language model architecture and larger corpus of text data.
Q: Can Bard AI and ChatGPT be customized to fit specific use cases?
A: While Bard AI is designed primarily for entertainment purposes, ChatGPT is more customizable and can be fine-tuned on specific domains or datasets. This makes ChatGPT more adaptable to various use cases, including customer support, virtual assistants, and chatbots.
Ease of Use:
Q: Are Bard AI and ChatGPT easy to use?
A: Both models are relatively easy to use, even for non-technical users. However, ChatGPT requires some programming skills and knowledge of machine learning concepts to fine-tune and deploy, whereas Bard AI is more accessible and can be used through a simple web interface.
Q: How much does it cost to use Bard AI and ChatGPT?
A: Bard AI is a commercial product and requires a subscription to use. The cost varies depending on the intended use, such as for music creation or scriptwriting. ChatGPT, on the other hand, is open-source, and the pre-trained models are available for free. However, fine-tuning the models and deploying them for production use can be costly, as it requires computing resources and technical expertise.
Privacy and Security:
Q: How do Bard AI and ChatGPT handle user data and ensure privacy and security?
A: Both models handle sensitive user data and require strict security measures to protect user privacy. Bard AI has a more closed system, and the data generated by users is owned by the company. In contrast, ChatGPT is open-source, and users have more control over their data. However, users must take additional security measures to ensure the safety of their data.
In conclusion, Bard AI and ChatGPT are both powerful AI language models that have their strengths and weaknesses. Bard AI is more suited for entertainment purposes, while ChatGPT is more customizable and adaptable to various use cases. ChatGPT has an edge in terms of accuracy and naturalness of responses, while Bard AI is more accessible and user-friendly. Ultimately, the choice between the two depends on the specific use case and the user’s requirements.


Five main research facilities will be initially set up:
It will provide significant data storage and computing power required to manage, store and analyse huge amounts of heterogeneous data generated and used by its researchers.
It will develop and implement essential omics technologies for life science research. Its large scale DNA/RNA sequencing infrastructure will be able to provide high-throughput next generation sequencing.
Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility
It will provide a platform for high resolution molecular structure determination across the entire workflow of structural biology imaging.
Light Microscopy Imaging Facility
It will respond to the diversified demand of today’s biomedical scientists by providing access and expertise in a broad array of light microscopy techniques and applications.
Image Analysis Facility
It will further support scientists managing imaging-intese projects by providing access to innovative software solutions and expertise in visualisation, management and quantitative analysis of bio image (big) data.


Lighting the Spark
Harvard signals its investment in quantum science
Imagine, for a moment, that you could forget everything you ever knew about the way our reality works. That two objects hundreds of miles apart could communicate instantaneously. That the act of measuring something could change what is being measured. That something—a cat, perhaps—could be both alive and dead at the same time.
But this actually is the way our reality works. Or at least it does at the microscopic level. When you look at smaller and smaller objects— objects at the atomic and subatomic levels—quantum effects seem to make interactions between objects operate differently than predicted by the kind of classical physics most of us learned in high school. The quantum world is so counterintuitive, so strange, that even Max Planck (who coined the term quanta) searched for an alternative explanation for his results.
More than a century later, quantum theory may seem mysterious to the lay person, but mathematically, it’s 100 percent calculable. “Quantum mechanics tells you what is going to happen, very precisely,” says John Doyle, Henry B. Silsbee Professor of Physics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS). “When you do the calculations, there’s no mystery about it at all. The mystery is only that microscopic physics behaves differently than what we see in our daily lives.”
Doyle is one of the co-directors of the Harvard Quantum Initiative (HQI), a cross-disciplinary community dedicated to expanding research, development, and education on quantum information and its possibilities. Launched in November 2018, HQI forms part of a larger effort in the United States to advance understanding of quantum science and technology and initiate the development of innovative materials and devices for high-speed computing, networking, and ultra-precise sensing. Doyle and his colleagues—co-directors Evelyn Hu, Tarr-Coyne Professor of Applied Physics and of Electrical Engineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and Mikhail Lukin, George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics at FAS—see the advancement of quantum science as a radical effort to expand scientific boundaries and rethink how research is accomplished.
“We believe that quantum science represents a profound change in the understanding of what information is, which will affect everything we do moving forward,” says Hu. “That change will affect how we measure, how we compute, and how we communicate.” By embracing the physics that operates at the quantum level, researchers can tackle problems—or reinvestigate old ones—in groundbreaking new ways that hold transformative potential. “For people in the sciences, this is a tremendous opportunity to create novel applications and instrumentation that can be used to further enable scientific research,” Hu says.
We believe that quantum science represents a profound change in the understanding of what information is, which will affect everything we do moving forward.
Hu deliberately uses the term “quantum science” and “quantum engineering” instead of “quantum physics.” While early breakthroughs in quantum science came from theoretical physicists, the next generation of quantum scientists has come from physics, computer science, chemistry, and mathematics. This broader collaboration is expected to, in turn, accelerate and enrich progress in these fields, but in ways that cannot at the moment be easily predicted. “Breakthroughs often happen at the interfaces of traditional disciplines,” says Lukin.
Spooky Action up Close
Those breakthroughs will rely on a strong foundation of basic science, built in part by faculty, graduate students, and recent graduates from Harvard. Srujan Meesala, PhD ’19, is emblematic of the young scientists whose work sits at the intersection of multiple fields. Meesala studied electrical engineering as an undergraduate, and though he wanted to focus on physics for his graduate work, he’s grateful for the hands-on experience he brings to his research. “There is a need for engineers who think about making devices to study interesting physics,” he says, “and for people from hard physics backgrounds to become more engineering oriented.” Meesala brought his expertise to the lab of Marko Loncar, the Tiantsai Lin Professor of Electrical Engineering at SEAS.
Meesala wanted to discover how to use quantum effects to transfer information. To conduct this research, he’s using sound and flaws in an unlikely source— diamonds. “My research uses defects inside diamonds, called color centers,” he explains. Diamond crystals are made of carbon atoms. By removing one carbon atom and replacing a second with another element—nitrogen or silicon, for example— he can create an individual quantum system inside a solid. “This is interesting for quantum information applications because you can store and process information at the level of the atom inside a solid.”
Experiments on color centers have shown certain quantum effects, such as when two quantum particles interact and become interdependent, a process known as entanglement. Einstein found the phenomenon so startling that he famously called it “spooky action at a distance.”
“Entanglement is hard to observe in nature. You need to engineer very specific quantum systems to see it,” Meesala explains. “Isolating and manipulating these individual defects is one way to do that.” By taking advantage of color centers, researchers have measured the entanglement of particles in two diamonds located a kilometer apart by using the light emitted by the defects.
But while quantum entanglement has been generated between diamond color centers at a distance, it is hard to achieve between two defects in the same diamond. “To perform local quantum operations with these color centers, we would ideally put a number of color centers on one chip and have them interact.”
Entanglement is hard to observe in nature. You need to engineer very specific quantum systems to see it."
–Srujan Meesala, PhD '19
Meesala used sound in an effort to induce these interactions. “You can quantize sound at the quantum level into particles called phonons,” he says. “I wanted to determine if we could get one color center to interact with another by exchanging sound waves.” In their experiment, Meesala and his colleagues carved a thin string out of diamond, then applied voltage to stretch it and study how sound waves couple to a defect called the silicon vacancy center. They envisioned that sound can move along such a string like a pressure wave, causing some of the atoms to compress and others to elongate, essentially transferring information from defect to defect.
Meesala was able to conclude that a silicon vacancy center provides a good system for testing the sound-mediated transfer of quantum information, which could be applied in quantum computers and networks. The work was published last year in Nature Communications.
Along the Way
Di Wei, PhD ’19, has taken a different approach to solving the problem of information transfer at the quantum level, but one still grounded in basic science research. As an undergraduate working in a condensed matter lab at the University of Denver, she connected with scientists like her whose inquisitiveness drove them to solve problems for their own sake. “I’m of the school of thought that you should do basic research for the sake of basic research, and that technology will arise from that,” she says. “Special relativity is my favorite example of that because it’s so abstract, but it is the reason we have technologies like GPS today.”
These energizing collaborations fueled her decision to pursue graduate studies at SEAS, where she continues to satisfy her curiosity about physics. Wei joined the lab of Amir Yacoby, professor of physics and of applied physics at FAS and SEAS, where she found numerous opportunities to engage in fundamental research questions. One of Yacoby’s projects involved looking for spin superfluidity in graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms.
“Spin superfluidity is a magnetic analog to superconductivity, using the electron’s spin as carriers of information as opposed to their charge,” Wei explains. “You can think of each spin as a local magnetic moment that can interact with neighboring spins. If the spin at one site is tilted, its reorientation is felt by nearby spins.” This tilting creates a spin wave that can transfer angular momentum from site to site, which can be used to send information with less heat than is currently generated by traditional electrical methods used in computerized devices. “A superfluid of spins would allow for the transfer of spins with no energy loss, which would be a fundamentally new kind of system to study,” she says.
Yacoby and colleague Bertrand Halperin, Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, Emeritus, had postulated that superfluidity could be found in graphene, and Yacoby and Wei set out to test this theory. Using a type of magnetic material known as a quantum hall ferromagnet, they observed some intriguing physics that could help measure exotic quantum states via a process called electron interferometry. “The first thing we saw was an interesting interference pattern between electrons,” Wei says. “The pattern confirmed that graphene was a good platform for electron interferometry.” This work was published in Science Advances in August 2017.
Next, Wei used an electric current to generate spin waves through the graphene and was able to detect those waves via an induced voltage. “It’s the first transport measurement of spin waves in a graphene quantum hall ferromagnet,” Wei says. “They were predicted to exist in this system but were difficult to detect with electronic methods because they are excitations of an insulating material.” In October 2018, she was lead author on a paper about these findings, which appeared in Science magazine.
Although Wei wasn’t able to demonstrate spin superfluidity with certainty, her results do establish graphene as worthy of further study. “Often, the original idea that researchers set out to test doesn’t work, but they are still able to find interesting things along the way,” she says.
A Changing World
Doyle, Hu, and Lukin believe that Harvard is well positioned to make advancements in quantum science and engineering through the work of researchers like Meesala and Wei—large enough to tap existing intellectual prowess and small enough to act on ideas and move more quickly that other institutions. “A new discipline is being created right in front of our eyes,” says Doyle.
“It’s obvious that this is a special time,” Lukin continues. “We have a very special community of world-leading researchers. Harvard is home to the most powerful quantum machines ever made.” He notes that hundreds of young leaders who trained at Harvard are now conducting their own cutting-edge research at institutions around the world, pushing the boundaries of what is currently known about the quantum realm.
And while this new discipline holds tremendous potential—so much so that Harvard, the US, and the world are willing to invest in its promise—it’s impossible to anticipate what the ultimate impact will be. “No inventor could predict how the world would use their invention,” says Hu. “We don’t know where the spark will be lit, a spark that will burn a pathway to new applications.”
Art by Kai and Sunny, photos by Kris Snibbe, John Soares, and Thomas Broening
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DDDAC 1543, Circuit Description
This page will describe how the circuit basically functions. I will not go in extreme details, but just "walk you through" the basic elements of the DDDAC1543, so you can follow what I have been doing.....
It might proof to be useful if you open the documents first, save or print them and have them at hand to keep an eye on the overall circuit.
CLICK HERE for high resolution Circuit on screen OR CLICK HERE for PDF high resolution Circuit (updated version 2.2)
Clear we need a S/P-DIF input :-) This is straight cook-book: To make things as universal as possible I took both optical and cinch input. If you want to make things even nicer, you could put a 1:1 transformer at the input for the coax, but I have not done this. May be I try later if it really makes a difference.... The optical input is the welknown Toshiba module. Please note that if you use a Mains Power supply it may be useful to put a RC network before the V+ of the TORX176.
Although a CS8412 is chosen, every receiver which can output I2S signals is suitable. Never the less, this one is easy available through out the world, it is still "through-hole" where the rest of the world seems to be SMD.... and relatively cheap (although the most expensive component in this project !!!). The receiver has the option to work with 2 supplies. One for the digital part and one for the VCO. To go for sure I keep the 2 separated. Even in the probably never used position of S/P-DIF clock, I think it is fair to make it still ok.... The datasheet tells us, that in Mode 2 we have I2S signal structure and the clock is being reconstructed from the incoming signal. This is selected by the pins M0-4. However, if pin 23 is selected HIGH, the 2 signals FS and SCK are switched as inputsignal, so we can use the external clock..... The De-emphasize is not used as CD's with this old fashioned system most likely are not in your collection. Otherwise use the normal output of your CD-Player I would like to suggest. The R-C network is for the VCO. Some people say it is even better to put a 3300pF C from pin 20 to ground, so feel free. On the PCB there is space both with holes as with SMD pads.... From pin 26 finally the serial data is led to the DAC's inputs. The 2 clocking signals controls the timing: SCK is the bit clock, running at 64Fs and Fs is of course the word clock, clocking each complete sample every 44.1 kHz
The 2 key signals to clock the data around the receiver and DAC are the 64Fs and Fs. These can be easily derived from an 11.289Mhz clock by dividing by 4 and and 256..... The 74HC4040 does exactly what we need here... Q0 is the first divide-by-2 section and every next "Qn" will divide by another 2. Therefore we tap the signals at Q1 and Q7. The 3 pole switch makes now the selection possible between internal and external clock signals as by the 3rd pole the CS8412 is switched between mode 2 and 3.....
The DAC is receiving the serial signals and store them in registers. At every Fs the value of the sample is converted into a current at the outputpins 6 and 8 . How this mathematically works is described detailed in the datasheet. Important is, that by changing the Voltage reference at pin 7 the internal balance and linearity of the DAC is kind of pre-set. In fact the voltage at pin 7 is defining the internal current source. There are clear measurable and audible differences !!! I found out, by measuring and listening, that the best results were obtained when the Rload resistor is 2 times the Rref... Or (this is the same, but easy to measure) the Output DC voltage over Rload is twice the Vref. Also the best results were got when the DC at the output is slightly below half of VA2........
In summary: per DAC, the Rload should be round 2k2 and the Rref 1k5. If you use "n" DAC's just divide these values by "n". In my case with 8 DAC's it is 2k2 / 8 = 270 Ohm (next practical value) If you now use a trimmer for R ref, you can even trim the DAC individually by use of a FFT analyzer or just with your EARS. Works pretty fine. Of course AFTER you chosen or trimmed the Voltage VA2. This is less critical and works fine between 8.0 and 8.5 Volt. It works with lower voltages as well, but you need to re-trim the Ref and Rload as well !! Furthermore, the DAC seems to sound best at the mentioned voltages. You can measure differences in k2 as well.....
Due to the DC at the outputs, we need 2 capacitors to lead the signal to the next stage..... I used Auri-Cap's, but feel free to take your personal favorites :-)
Some listening tests showed that using a normal Led Battery was giving better results compared with a typical regulated power supply. I am not arguing that an extremely complex super low noise power supply will have the same drawback, but in that case a Battery seems again very uncomplicated to me.... With the 7.2 Ah version I use, I can play almost 15 hours at a time. To be honest, I normally don't ..... Using a 2-pole switch as on/off switch cleverly, the Battery is connected to a standard Battery charger you can buy in every Electronics shop for less money you could build it yourself. I use a fully automatic one, so it can stay connected without limitations for longer time. Actually it keeps the Battery "fresh". Cost? 29 Euro....
Ok, now we need to make 5 Volt from the 12Volt Supply. What I have done is separating the 3 major Supply Points (Receiver Digital & Analogue and the DAC). I have not done A-B tests, but never the less it appeared no bad idea, as I could measure otherwise some HF stuff over the power supply line, which might cause some influence..... Through the low impedance of the Battery, the 3 are effectively separated now. The use of the SHUNT regulator TL431 for the receiver might improve this even further. For reasons of supply current (500mA) I used a nicely cooled LT1085, which allows very precise trimming of the VA2 as well. On the PCB a 20 turn spindle let you choose your supply voltage without any problems...... For decoupling I used 20uF Black Gates. Why? I have a box full, so they were on hand. Feel free (again) to take your favorite or what you have on hand....... No magic, no rocket science...... BUT do not make the value BELOW 5uF as this is a MUST, not to let the TL431 oscillate !!!
Click the Image for a
high resolution version on screen
Happy Listening and Building !!!!
IMPORTANT: The information provided on this page is intended as guide for DIY activities and therefore free to copy and or publish. If any one wishes to use any of the information from my WEB site, please make sure to refer and footnote to my URL Link as source! Doede Douma


The world of cryptocurrencies is rapidly evolving, and the emergence of Web 3.0 is set to revolutionize the way we interact with the internet. Web 3.0 represents a decentralized internet where individuals have more control over their data and can engage in peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries. In this article, we will explore ten promising Web 3.0 cryptocurrencies that have the potential to reshape various industries and provide exciting opportunities for investors and developers alike.
Introduction to Web 3.0 and its impact on cryptocurrencies
The term Web 3.0 refers to the next generation of the internet, characterized by decentralized networks, smart contracts, and distributed applications. Unlike Web 2.0, where centralized platforms dominate, Web 3.0 leverages blockchain technology to create trustless and transparent ecosystems. Cryptocurrencies play a crucial role in Web 3.0 by enabling secure and efficient value transfer within these decentralized networks.
Understanding the concept of promising cryptocurrencies
Promising cryptocurrencies in the Web 3.0 era are those that demonstrate innovative features, strong development teams, and a clear vision for the future. These projects aim to overcome the limitations of existing cryptocurrencies and provide scalable, secure, and user-friendly solutions for various use cases. Let’s explore ten such promising Web 3.0 cryptocurrencies that are worth keeping an eye on. Read Our Top 8 Helium Miners for HNT Earning.
Ethereum (ETH) – The pioneer of Web 3.0
Introduction to Ethereum
Ethereum is widely regarded as the pioneer of Web 3.0 due to its groundbreaking smart contract functionality. It introduced the concept of decentralized applications (DApps) that can run without downtime, censorship, or third-party interference.
Smart contracts and decentralized applications (DApps)
Smart contracts are self-executing agreements that automatically enforce the terms and conditions written within their code. Ethereum’s programmable blockchain allows developers to build and deploy decentralized applications that leverage these smart contracts, revolutionizing industries such as finance, gaming, and decentralized finance (DeFi).
Ethereum’s scalability challenges and potential solutions
Despite its success, Ethereum faces scalability challenges, with network congestion and high gas fees limiting its usability. However, Ethereum 2.0, an upgrade currently in progress, aims to address these issues through a transition to a more scalable and energy-efficient proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism.
Polkadot (DOT) – Enabling interoperability in Web 3.0
Overview of Polkadot
Polkadot is a multi-chain platform that facilitates interoperability between different blockchains. It allows for the secure transfer of assets and data across chains, unlocking new possibilities for decentralized applications and cross-chain communication.
Cross-chain communication and interoperability
Polkadot’s innovative relay chain and parachain architecture enable seamless communication between different blockchains, creating an ecosystem where diverse applications can interact and share resources. This interoperability expands the capabilities of decentralized applications and promotes collaboration between different projects.
The Polkadot ecosystem and its potential
Polkadot has a growing ecosystem of parachains and projects, each offering unique features and use cases. The platform’s ability to connect specialized blockchains enhances scalability and provides a foundation for building decentralized finance, gaming, and identity solutions.
Cardano (ADA) – Advancing Web 3.0 through a research-driven approach
Introduction to Cardano
Cardano is a blockchain platform that aims to provide a secure and scalable infrastructure for the development of decentralized applications. It differentiates itself through a research-driven approach and a strong emphasis on formal verification, ensuring the correctness and security of its protocols.
Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism
Cardano utilizes a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism called Ouroboros, which enables secure and energy-efficient blockchain operation. This approach reduces the environmental impact of mining and enhances the scalability of the network.
Cardano’s focus on security and sustainability
Cardano places a strong emphasis on security and sustainability. Its development process involves rigorous peer-reviewed research, allowing for the identification and mitigation of potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, Cardano’s long-term vision includes creating a sustainable blockchain that benefits both users and the environment.
Filecoin (FIL) – Decentralized storage for Web 3.0
Overview of Filecoin
Filecoin is a decentralized storage network that allows users to rent out their unused storage space in exchange for FIL tokens. It provides a secure and efficient solution for storing and retrieving data in a decentralized manner.
Distributed storage and retrieval of data
Filecoin leverages its decentralized network of storage providers to create a marketplace where users can store their data securely. The platform utilizes advanced cryptographic techniques to ensure data integrity and redundancy while maintaining privacy and resilience.
Filecoin’s role in incentivizing storage providers
Filecoin’s native token, FIL, serves as an incentive mechanism for storage providers, rewarding them for offering their storage space and participating in the network. This incentivization model promotes the growth of the Filecoin ecosystem and ensures the availability and reliability of storage services.
Chainlink (LINK) – Bridging the gap between smart contracts and real-world data
Understanding Chainlink’s oracle network
Chainlink is a decentralized oracle network that enables smart contracts to securely access and interact with real-world data and off-chain systems. It acts as a bridge between blockchain-based applications and external data sources.
The importance of reliable data in smart contracts
Smart contracts often require real-world data to execute their functions accurately. Chainlink provides a decentralized infrastructure that ensures the reliability, integrity, and tamper-proof nature of data feeds, making smart contracts more robust and trustworthy.
Chainlink’s partnerships and real-world applications
Chainlink has established numerous partnerships with leading organizations to expand the reach and adoption of its oracle network. Its technology is being utilized in various industries, including decentralized finance (DeFi), supply chain management, insurance, and gaming, among others.
Cosmos (ATOM) – Building an Internet of Blockchains
Introduction to Cosmos
Cosmos is a network of interoperable blockchains that aims to create an Internet of Blockchains, where independent chains can communicate and transact with each other in a secure and scalable manner. Cosmos enables the seamless transfer of assets and data across different blockchains.
Interoperability and sovereignty of blockchains
Cosmos utilizes its consensus algorithm, called Tendermint, to facilitate interoperability between independent blockchains. This allows individual chains to retain their sovereignty while benefiting from the ability to interoperate with other chains within the Cosmos ecosystem.
Cosmos Hub and its role in connecting blockchains
The Cosmos Hub acts as the central hub of the Cosmos network, facilitating the secure transfer of assets and information between different chains. It serves as the foundation for building decentralized applications that require cross-chain functionality.
Solana (SOL) – High-performance blockchain for decentralized applications
Overview of Solana
Solana is a high-performance blockchain platform designed to support fast and scalable decentralized applications. It leverages a unique combination of technologies to achieve high throughput and low transaction costs.
Solana’s scalability and transaction speed
Solana’s architecture incorporates a combination of innovative features, including a proof-of-history (PoH) consensus mechanism and a decentralized clock, to enable fast and secure transaction processing. Its scalability allows for a high number of transactions per second, making it suitable for applications with demanding performance requirements.
Growing ecosystem and notable projects on Solana
Solana has seen significant growth in its ecosystem, attracting developers and projects across various sectors, including decentralized finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and gaming. The platform’s low transaction costs and fast settlement times make it an appealing choice for developers seeking to build scalable applications.
Avalanche (AVAX) – A platform for launching decentralized applications
Introduction to Avalanche
Avalanche is a platform that aims to provide a highly scalable and decentralized ecosystem for launching applications and issuing digital assets. It offers a unique consensus protocol called Avalanche consensus, which combines the benefits of both PoS and proof-of-work (PoW) mechanisms.
Avalanche consensus protocol
The Avalanche consensus protocol is designed to provide fast and secure transaction finality, making it suitable for applications that require near-instantaneous settlement. The protocol achieves consensus through a process called metastability, where participants collectively decide the order of transactions.
Avalanche’s unique features and use cases
Avalanche’s architecture and consensus protocol enable the creation of highly customizable blockchains and the issuance of digital assets. The platform has gained traction in various areas, including decentralized finance (DeFi), asset tokenization, and supply chain management.
Near Protocol (NEAR) – Scalable infrastructure for Web 3.0
Overview of Near Protocol
Near Protocol is a sharded blockchain platform that aims to provide a scalable infrastructure for decentralized applications. It combines sharding, a technique that partitions the network into smaller pieces, with a developer-friendly environment to enable high throughput and low latency.
Sharding and scalability solutions
Near Protocol’s sharding approach allows the network to process transactions in parallel across multiple shards, significantly increasing its capacity to handle a large number of transactions. This scalability solution enhances the user experience and reduces transaction fees.
Near Protocol’s developer-friendly environment
Near Protocol offers a robust set of tools, libraries, and developer resources to facilitate the creation of decentralized applications. Its focus on developer experience and ease of use makes it an attractive platform for developers looking to build on Web 3.0.
Conclusion: The future of Web 3.0 and promising cryptocurrencies
Web 3.0 is poised to transform various industries by providing decentralized, transparent, and secure solutions. The ten promising cryptocurrencies mentioned in this article represent just a glimpse of the innovative projects shaping the future of Web 3.0. As the technology continues to evolve, it is essential to stay informed about the latest developments and trends in this rapidly changing landscape. Read Our A Guide to Crafting an NFT Collection Using a Smart Contract.
What is Web 3.0?
Web 3.0 refers to the next generation of the internet, characterized by decentralized networks, smart contracts, and distributed applications. It aims to empower individuals with more control over their data and enable peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries.
How do promising cryptocurrencies differ from others?
Promising cryptocurrencies in the Web 3.0 era demonstrate innovative features, strong development teams, and a clear vision for the future. They aim to overcome the limitations of existing cryptocurrencies and provide scalable, secure, and user-friendly solutions for various use cases.
What factors should I consider while evaluating a Web 3.0 cryptocurrency?
When evaluating a Web 3.0 cryptocurrency, consider factors such as the project’s technology, scalability, development team, partnerships, community support, and real-world applications. Additionally, assess its potential for long-term adoption and growth within the evolving Web 3.0 ecosystem.
Can I invest in these cryptocurrencies?
Yes, you can invest in these cryptocurrencies through various cryptocurrency exchanges that support them. However, before investing, conduct thorough research, assess the risks, and consider consulting with a financial advisor.
How can I stay updated with the latest developments in Web 3.0?
To stay updated with the latest developments in Web 3.0, you can follow reputable cryptocurrency news websites, join relevant communities and forums, follow projects on social media, and participate in industry events and conferences.


Create / Edit cBots
To create a new cBot
- Click on Add to create a new robot and open the source code editor.
Tip: You can rename your robot by typing in the new name immediately. Selecting Rename from the robot dropdown menu. Pressing F2 on the keyboard.
- Write your code
The second and most important step is the entry of the actual algorithm/code. You can use the editor available or copy / paste your code from another source.You can save your code periodically by clicking Save or selecting Save from the dropdown menu.
For more details on coding for cAlgo with C#:
C# Beginners Guide
- Build Robot
Before you can use your algorithm to trade, you need to convert it into a working robot. To build the robot, click the build icon .
Indicates that changes were made to the code since the last build. An asterisk* will also appear beside the robot name.
Indicates that no changes were made to the code since the last build.
The Build Result area at the bottom of the platform will show you if the build was successful or if there were errors in the code.
The robot cannot be built if the code contains errors. A list of any errors in the code and the details of the errors will appear in the Build Result area at the bottom of the platform.
Tip: Clicking on an error in the list will activate the line in the code where the error resides.
To edit the algorithm for your robot, simply select the robot from the list and make your changes in the editor, or copy / paste from your editing source.
Click Save or Build to save your work.
Attention:After making changes to the code, the robot needs to be rebuilt before changes can take effect. When the source code is changed, any instances already attached to a chart will not be affected until a rebuild, and can still be run using the old code. Adding an instance means attaching a robot or indicator to a chart.
In the example below, the asterisk* and the build icon indicate that changes have been made to the code since the last build.
However there are three instances already attached which can still be run using the old code by pressing play.
The robot cannot be built if an instance is running.
Click the arrow for Robot Quick Options
Add an Instance
Attach your robot or indicator to a chart and edit parameters. Only parameters defined by the code as editable will appear here.
Save all changes made to the source code (Ctrl + S) (this will save changes to the source, but will not apply or build the source).
Click to rename your robot. This will not affect any trades opened using the robot. Shortcut key: F2
Create an identical robot.
Examples of usage: Testing multiple ‘versions’ of a robot. Making changes to the source of a robot that is running. Although it is not possible to edit the source code of a robot that is already running, you are able to duplicate the robot while it is running and work on the source code of the duplicate.
Show in folder
Open the robot file location on your computer.


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Our skilled laptop specialist carries out prompt service on almost all brands of laptop & personal computers. We provide extremely competitive costs for high quality laptop service. Our laptop service quotes include components, labor, as well as often delivery. At our Laptop Service Center Adyar, our certified laptop experts carry out laptop service, notebook restoration on wide selection of brands for large variety of issues. Laptop Service experts are skilled in troubleshooting and also fixing the majority of difficult problems for manufacturers. We are going to at first give you advice over the telephone to diagnose or service it on your own.
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The Configuration of Annealed C(Film)/Si (SiO2)(Nanometer Particles)/C(Film)
- Received Date: 2001-01-04
- Carbon film, Si(SiO2) particle, C(F)/Si (SiO2)(N)/C(F) /
Abstract: A new silicon-based luminescence material—C(film)/Si(SiO2)(nanometer particles)/C(film) has been prepared by sputtering Si(SiO2) nano-particles on amorphous carbon film in Argas, then depositing amorphous carbon film on Si(SiO2) nano-particles in vacuum. The sample consists of 6 layers of carbon films and 5 layers of Si(SiO2) nano-particles. Finally, the sample is annealed at different temperatures(RT-750℃). Its configuration has been studied by means of TEM, SEM, XRD and XPS. TEM image shows that Si(SiO2) nano-particles almost be spherical, whose diameter is about 30nm. SEM images show that the thickness of the sample is about 50μm and the surface of the sample is relatively flat and compact. Hole structure is found on the surface of sample annealed at 400℃, the particles on the surface are well-distributed and compacted after annealed at 650℃, particle aggregations grow after annealed 750℃. XRD spectra shows that the sample is almost composed by SiO2and Si, and the ratio of SiO2/Si alternately changes with the increase of annealing temperature: SiO2are reduced to Si by C atoms at 400℃, so the content of Si is highest, on the contrary, the content of SiO2is lowest. Si nanometer particles are oxidized superiorly beyond 400℃, so the content of Si gradually decreases, the content of SiO2 gradually increases and becomes to highest at 650℃. XPS spectra shows that C atoms diffuse into Si (SiO2) nano-particles layer during annealing, and produce SiC by reacting with Si at 650℃.
|Citation:||Qiu Xiaoyan, Li Jian, Zhao Baogang, Liu Cunye, Wang Yao, Liu Xiaodong, Lin Yaoqiang. The Configuration of Annealed C(Film)/Si (SiO2)(Nanometer Particles)/C(Film)[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics , 2001, 14(4): 439-444. doi: 10.1088/1674-0068/14/4/439-444|


The controller is an important part of the PlayStation that encourages us to play games while making them more interesting through its vibrations. So what if your controller that comes with PlayStation has gone bad? Will you stop playing games? The answer is obviously no right. So you will prefer a keyboard and mice to play with. But the keyboard and mouse will not provide you feel while playing games. Here we are with the solution of a Wireless Controller Compatible with Ps4.
If you are gaming on PS4, one of the controllers is exhibiting analog stick drift. So if you need replacement and do not have to pay loads for another. The wireless controller compatible with PS4 is the value-for-money controller. It is present at the price of only $21.99.
Let’s see a closer look at this controller in this article.
Must Read: Sony Playstation 4 slim 1 TB SSD
Style and Design
The PS controller Galaxy Style is consistent with PS4/PS4 PRO and laptops with Windows 7/8/8.1/10. This controller wireless layout of the gamepad button is optimized with a dual analog joystick design. The design of the controller is also very unique with the color of green camouflage. For enjoying video you have the benefit of a built-in speaker and a 3.5mm audio jack. Furthermore, a touchpad and integrated light bar are present for our convenience.
We have strong rumble vibration in the controller for making our games more interesting. It holds 5 to 8 hours of long battery life and has a good charge. To protect the original analog stick click caps from wear and tear controller consist of 4 Silicone PS4 Controller Caps. However, this provides you stereo handset jack.
Wireless Controllers is featured a lot of buttons as we know that every controller consists of like directional button, share button, option button, action button, left sticks, headset jack, charging port, R1, R2, L1, and L2 with light bar. The dimension of the controller is 6.46*4.17*2.68 inches and 9.6 ounces.
Storage and features
A wireless controller for P-4 enables us to enjoy gaming time without the limit of wire. Equips us with 8-10 hrs non-stop playing time with a 1000mAh rechargeable battery. This will take 2-3 hrs charging time and covers the wireless distance of 8m/26FT. Built-in-dual motor vibrations provide a definitive and realistic experience of gaming. It can be compatible with PlayStation 4/pro/slim.
Furthermore, the controller reduces response time and accuracy at critical moments through high sensitivity. For great performance, it has a 6-axis sensor and dual vibration for a realistic gaming feeling.
In everyone’s mind first, the question arises is either it will be easy to connect to the console? So the answer is Yes. You can easily connect it to either a console through cable or wireless connection or with a PC also you can easily connect it to play as many as games you wanted.
We have to just follow a few steps to connect the controller to the console. Some steps are as follows:-
Firstly connect the controller to the console with the USB cable then long press the home button for 2 seconds. The white light of the flash will indicate that it is in a paired state. Then you have to wait for 5 seconds the led indicator will change the light color to tell you about a successful connection.
For a wireless connection, press the home button and wait for 3-5 seconds. The LED indicator will change color to indicate the successful connection of your controller. If you wanted to connect it to a PC. Do PC Connection of controller with USB cable. The indicator light will turn from white to red to give you an indication of a successful connection.
One important note to be mentioned is Wireless game controller is a third-party replacement, not the official controller.
Some special features
The wireless gamepad controller enables to give you a good product and a better user experience, which is featured dual vibration functions, precise direction control, and a 360-degree joystick. The additional audio jack and mini light bar give you the greatest moments with the button. The box of the controller includes 1 Ps 4 controller, 1 USB cable 1*4 Pcs Game Remote Joystick cap.
The best thing about this controller is the first pair to the PS4 system must via the micro-USB charging cable, no driver or receiver is needed. After the first successful pairing, you just need to press one button to connect the console again. This controller in this range is worth buying as it connects to every PS4. You can buy this device from any of the E-commerce websites like amazon.
If you wanted to know more about Wireless Controller Compatible with Ps4 then stay tuned with thegadgets24.com


15 Feb Constellation Project Led by Addionics Receives UKRI Funding
On Jan 31, Addionics, a developer of the next generation rechargeable batteries with 3D architecture and engineering, announced that it will receive a share of £27.6 million in funding from the UK Research and Innovation’s Faraday Battery Challenge. Addionics is part of the Project Constellation, one of 17 projects awarded UKRI funding to enable competitiveness across the battery value chain.
Project Constellation is a further development of Project STELLAR which aims to use AI-integrated Smart 3D Electrodes technology to optimize battery performance and manufacturing efficiency for the electric vehicle (EV) market at TRL7 and above. The project takes Smart 3D Electrodes technology to the next generation, addressing the reduction of development and production costs, while improving performance. In collaboration with CPI, James Durrans Group, and the University of Warwick, this 2-year project will drive already advanced battery technology towards full commercialization.
Farid Tariq Ph.D, CTO and Co-founder of Addionics, explains, “Constellation builds on the success of STELLAR, taking it beyond basic tests and towards industrially relevant scales. We are excited because it integrates our technology with that of world leaders in coating with world leaders in coating and manufacturing, and active material fabrication (WMG, CPI, James Durran). This shows how our very smartly designed and structured current collectors can fit into a viable battery ecosystem and provide it with benefits from our technology. This is readily transferable knowledge and will push the creation of new methods to overcome modern limitations of batteries and fabrication.”
Automobility Ltd is proud that its EXCELerate portfolio company Addionics has become an official partner of the Constellation Project to enhance the manufacturing efficiency, performance, and environmental impact of lithium-ion cells through the use of Smart 3D Electrodes.
Please contact us at [email protected] if you would like further information on this startup or to learn more about other Auto & Mobility investment opportunities from our EXCELerate opportunity pipeline.


Based on “Progress Toward an Open-Source Drilling Community: Contributing and Curating Models,” IADC/SPE-208794-MS, SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition, Galveston, Tex., Mar. 8-10, 2022.
The high cost of drilling has driven industry to incorporate as much modeling as possible to minimize risk and rig time. Drilling models require a combination of physics-based fundamentals with simplified assumptions for broad-based applicability. Field-based data qualifies and tunes the models to provide accurate forward-looking simulations of drilling operations for feasibility studies.
Drillers have a wide range of models to choose from, and the industry needs validated open-source models for drilling studies or for benchmarking proprietary models. The Open-Source Drilling Community (OSDC) shares such models with industry and academia. Access to original code source from existing qualified work saves time on coding for new models, freeing it up for modelling advances and allowing others to inspect the work based on the larger drilling community’s experiences. Commercial models, by contrast, are usually proprietary and code is unavailable for review. Comparing open-source models to commercial results yields insights into the proprietary code, and differences between modelling results can lead to further insights and upgrades to one or both models.
Open-source drilling charter
The Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section Open-Source Subcommittee was chartered under the SPE Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section in 2019. This subcommittee oversees and fosters the OSDC. OSDC follows the specifications of the Open-Source Initiative (OSI), created in the late 1990s, that parties will not be restricted in selling or giving away open-source software and that open-source software must include source code and “must allow distribution in source-code as well as compiled form.” Persons who are not members of SPE may attend, participate, access, use, and submit models, data, and comments to OSDC sites, but cannot hold officer positions within the subcommittee.
Models contributed to OSDC are either physical models, which are mathematical representations of drilling phenomena, or numerical models approximating mathematical solutions via algorithms using finite-difference or finite-element discretization procedures. Numerical models are used for computational efficiency. Qualification of physical models determines if a model accurately captures details of the phenomena of interest. Verification ensures that a numerical model accurately represents a physical model. Fig. 1 shows the process of verifying and validating both types of models, both against observed data and each other.
Verification of numerical model fidelity includes:
- Analytical benchmarks comparing numerical model results to governing equations of physical models.
- Numerical benchmarks comparing numerical model results against predictions from previously published solutions obtained from other numerical models.
- Stability analysis to evaluate and quantify the numerical model stability under implementation of time-integration procedures and wellbore-drillstring contact algorithms.
- Grid and mesh convergence based on a function of mesh size.
- Validation of numerical model predictions and field data matches.
Model validation is an iterative process which can lead to model refinements. Important elements of model validation include non-trivial field test cases, metric matching, hierarchy of validation assessments at the unit, component, subsystem, and complete system levels, and uncertainty quantification.
Coding best practices
Submitted models to OSDC are expected to follow coding best practices including comments, variable definitions, formatting, and documentation. Avoiding generic names for variables is recommend. Use concrete names for functions and use clean formatting. The two most common languages of the initial submitted models are Matlab and Python.
Documentation tools which automate generation of code-line function descriptors, code functions, classes, etc. are encouraged but not required for submitted code. Documentation tools taking advantage of reStructuredText (reST) syntax are recommended. Fig. 2 shows an example of well-formatted code.
Modular code is recommended to provide interoperability between models and saves time by maintaining code bases of different groups of functions, classes, and modules. These groups serve as building blocks for model and simulator development regardless of end-use function. Models constructed from individual elements can be integrated into larger hierarchical models.
Discrepancies between code written in different languages (Java, Python, etc.) are addressed by the micro-service architecture. It consists of a suite of small services that are independently deployable and scalable, are independent of each other, have their own local storage, and can be developed in various programming languages. They also can be managed by different teams. The interface to the service is standardized and typically adheres to generic application program interface API:CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) commands.
Packaging an algorithm or method into a microservice requires significant programming effort. But once done, the containerized microservice can run on various software platforms and its functionalities can be accessed from any software platform and programming environment. Packaged microservices can provide multiple solutions to the same problem and offer an opportunity to determine the best approach to a given problem and quantify uncertainties in modelling approaches.
The model library currently contains a simple torsional model, a coupled axial-torsional model, a mechanics and dynamic simulator, and a model for horizontal directional drilling (HDD). It also has models to integrate downhole mud-motors with current drilling simulators and calibrate yield power law rheological behavior from a rheogram.
- Simple torsional model. This model assumes that rotational dynamics dominate and distributes friction along the wellbore. Dynamics are described by a damped wave equation with a frictional term. The model has been validated with field data and has been documented in several publications. Fig. 3 shows the key validation of the model. The model is limited to the assumption that torsional dynamics are dominant. The drillstring is modeled off bottom, and axial motion and bit-rock interaction are not considered. The model does not match vertical well data accurately where there is minimal normal force and friction in the system.
- Coupled axial-torsional model. A time-based transient modeling tool with governing drill-string dynamics models the drillstring while tripping and drilling. The tool predicts severity of vibrational dysfunctions on drilling performance. It uses a coupled 2D axial-torsional system and is available as a lumped-parameter study in MATLAB, Python, and Simulink programming.
The drillstring is segregated into drill pipe, heavyweight pipe, collar, and BHA elements. A combined Stribeck and viscous friction model accounts for borehole frictional forces of pipe and BHA. The net frictional force depends on gravity, string buoy weight, and well inclination. Drillstring mass, inertia, and axial and torsional stiffness is included, but bending stiffness is currently neglected. The bit-rock interaction is governed by a depth-of-cut based algorithm tracking the bit interaction with the bottom of the hole.
- Downhole mud-motor integration. Motor performance is described by the relationship between pressure drop and torque, and flow and RPM. Flow rate through the drilling system is translated into output rotary speed, and differential pressure across the motor is a function of downhole reaction torque. Modelling includes reactions of the system from slide to rotate, pipe rocking, and other transient events. Frictional losses from flow in the drillstring to the motor, delay from fluid compressibility, and string stretch from pressure variations along the length of the drillstring are not considered in the current model.
- Drilling simulator. Current work involves integrating a surface autodriller controller on top of a drilling simulator to predict stability of different control systems with varying downhole conditions. Efforts are also underway to introduce new modules such as dynamic hydraulics and hydraulic string-stretch effects into the model to better represent transient events such as bit stalling and mud-motor stalling.
- Calibration of yield power law. High-performance drilling muds are not accurately modelled as Newtonian or Bingham Plastic fluids. The Herschel-Bulkley yield power law model provides more accurate results. The calibration of this model is usually performed using rheometer measurements, typically from a Couette geometry. A quadratic fit is required to fit the model to the rheogram. For small shear stresses, inaccurate linear fitting of consistency and flow -behavior indices can occur. The calibration model uses the Newton-Raphson method to solve the linear equation. It is less sensitive to measurement errors for small shear stresses.
Two calibration methods have been implemented in a C# micro-service: a data model to describe a rheogram and another data model to describe yield power law rheological behavior. The yield power law class has two calibration methods and, after fitting, Herschel-Bulkley parameters are updated, as is the variance between model and test results.
Mechanics, dynamic simulator
A new validated proprietary model calculates downhole mechanics and dynamics based on a 3D nonlinear finite element formulation. The model includes:
- Fully coupled flexibility of the drillstring (axial-lateral and lateral-torsional displacement dependencies).
- Geometric nonlinearity (large-displacement, small strain).
- Automatic determination of frictional wellbore contact points with arbitrary radial clearance.
- 3D wellbore profiles, with variable wellbore diameters.
- Added fluid mass and damping effects from the hydrodynamic forces generated between the moving drillstring and surrounding fluid.
- Complex tool geometry (including steerable mud motors, rotary steerable systems, and eccentric stabilizers).
- Shear-beam deformations, lateral rotary inertias, and gyroscopic effects.
Simplifications to the system can examine nonlinear quasistatic deflection of the drillstring and BHA in an arbitrary 3D wellbore, linearized dynamics of the system, or fully nonlinear dynamic behavior with time integration.
The full model is not available in open source, but the simplified version of the code is available for straight wellbores only with constant wellbore OD. There are no provisions for buckling or dynamic calculations. Additionally, the graphic user interfaces and advanced plotting features have been removed. The simplified model is available to support the open-source project as a reference point to build upon.
The HDD simulator trains new operators by modelling the following drilling parameters from a predefined drill bit crossover, orientation sub, bent sub, and navigation probe configuration to approximate the physics of drilling:
- Bit-probe orientation.
- Rate of penetration.
- Build rate.
- Drillstring dynamics with torsional deformation.
- Debris generation and circulation.
The simulator is written in C++ using open-source code developed in other industries and academic disciplines. Fig. 4 lists some of the modules included in the main drilling simulation loop. Modules 2 and 3 have been converted to Python and committed to the repository.
The simulator works with the modules simultaneously and the modules use static and dynamic parameters as input to simulate bit impact forces, erosion velocities, frictional contact forces, etc. The ROP and bit hydraulics module, for example, takes simulated jet-impact forces derived from hole geometry, drillstring diameters, and bit-nozzle configuration to estimate ROP based on rock strength and pore pressure. Bit hydraulic values from this module are transferred to the hole cleaning module to compute lift and drag coefficients and cutting bed heights. Fig. 5 shows the workflow for the ROP and hydraulics simulator and its connections to the other modules.
Multiple models have been submitted to OSDC under the Massachusetts Institute of Technology open-source license, and the initial web and GitHub site are online and open. Submitted models will be reviewed by the steering committee which will provide feedback to model creators. Requirements for validation and verification data will be defined and continuously refined. The committee will also suggest areas for further research. It is expected that models will be continuously upgraded or replaced. Accurate documentation is key to identifying changes throughout a model’s development period. Interested parties can join the effort by going to the OSDC website (https://github.com/Open-Source-Drilling-Community/) and adding contact information to the mailing list under the Contribute tab. There is no cost to join or use models from the community.


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Europe’s first Mars rover mission saved by huge investment | Popgen Tech
Europe’s Rosalind Franklin Mars rover, part of the beleaguered €1.3 billion (US$1.35 billion) ExoMars program, will now launch in 2028, after receiving a reported €360 million investment from European countries obtained.
The money will enable the European Space Agency (ESA) to begin designing a new landing platform to land its first Mars rover on the planet’s surface. The work became necessary after ESA cut ties with its former partner on the mission, the Russian space agency Roscosmos, in March following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Roscomos was in charge of designing and building landing gear for the rover, as well as launching the mission from its site in Baikonur, Kazakhstan.
“I am very relieved and incredibly happy that this great mission has not been taken away from us, and that I can continue to hope to one day send a rover to Mars,” said Daniela Tirsch, a planetary geologist at the German Aerospace Center in Berlin . Only the United States and China have so far placed working rovers on Mars.
The latest postponement is the third in the mission’s history. The ExoMars rover was originally intended to launch in 2018, but technical problems derailed that plan. The COVID-19 pandemic then delayed a scheduled 2020 flight to 2022, before relations with Russia deteriorated. The cost of this second delay was in the order of €100 million, an ESA spokesman said Earth.
Despite the delays and rising costs, scientists remain excited about the ExoMars rover. This is the second part of the program, following an orbiter that arrived at the red planet in 2016 and was looking for biological or geological origins of methane and other gases.
The Franklin rover is carrying a 2-meter drill that will burrow deep beneath the Martian surface to search for preserved signs of ancient life. “For the very first time, we will be looking for evidence of past life in the subsurface,” said Jorge Vago, ESA project scientist for the mission, based at the European Space Research and Technology Center in Noordwijk, the Netherlands.
“ExoMars is really an incredible mission that will be unique in method and scientific approach, even if it is launched in 2028,” said Francesca Esposito, a planetary scientist at the INAF Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte in Naples, Italy, and member of the mission team.
“This is the first mission that can probe the very early history of terrestrial planets,” adds Tirsch, noting that the rover’s intended landing site, a vast plain called Oxia Planum, “records unique information about ancient, water-rich Martian environments, prebiotic chemistry, and perhaps life”.
ESA expects NASA to help by contributing the mission’s launcher, its thruster engine – for use during landing – and its radioisotope-based heating units, ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher said at a press briefing on 23 November said. The units are necessary for Rosalind Franklin to survive the harsh Martian nights. But European technology will replace the rest of Russia’s lost contribution, he said.
Member states pledged the cash for the mission at the ESA ministerial conference in Paris on 22 and 23 November, at which they committed a budget of €16.9 billion in total for projects over 5 years. This includes €2.7 billion for human and robotic space exploration, a 16% increase over the last allocation in 2019, and €3.2 billion for the agency’s science program, a 19% increase.
As part of this commitment, ministers agreed to fund the Solaris project, a program to assess the viability of developing, from 2025, a space-based solar power system that would transmit energy to Earth. Nations around the world are exploring technology to beam energy from a kilometer-sized solar array into orbit, an idea that has become more viable given the falling cost of space launches.


Tankless water heater which is run using electricity would be affordable options for homeowners especially those who want to retrofit the system. The electric system is also able to save much money for energy bills like the one with gas power. By having this water heater, you can get hot water constantly when you demand it without worrying of tank limitations. Some electric tankless water heater might be a bit expensive compared to the one powered by gas. However, this item would be ideal for homeowners that have solar power system at home. If you are looking for the product of electric tankless water heater, you can choose the item reviewed below.
The first electric water heater that you can choose is Rheem RTE 13. This water heater has the size of 4 GPM with power source sc. It has the weight of 7.3 pounds with 240 volts for voltage and 13000 watts for wattage. It comes with compact design with rugged copper/brass heat exchanger. In this best electric tankless water heater reviews, you need to know that RTE 13 is equipped with LED to indicate the active elements as well as standby mode. For modulating power, it is specifically great to be applied for single shower.
Another option, you can choose electric tankless water heater from EcoSmart of ECO 27. It has the dimension of 3.8 x 17 x 17 inches with the weight of 16.8 pounds. This water heater comes with Smart Technology with climates configuration. The temperature of incoming water can reach up to 37 degrees low. ECO 27 has the ability to heat almost three gallons in every minute in this temperature. This model will be suitable for many homes especially the one that generally needs more water usage. If you choose the size correctly, you can get endless hot water. This product can save space, money, and energy in your home.


Energy Storage Instruments Inc. is a privately held Ontario corporation established in 1995, and incorporated in 1999, specialized in power electronics design and manufacturing of standard and custom battery analyzer, battery charger and battery tester equipment for secondary rechargeable batteries.
Equipment designs utilize switch-mode power supply technology, embedded micro-controllers, USB communications, and Windows programming to control advanced battery charge and discharge techniques to provide optimum battery charging, testing and performance operations ranging from 1 Watt to 10k Watts or higher.
The PCBA 5010-4 Battery Tester is a Four Channel Precision Computerized Battery Analyzer System that works up to 50 Volts and 10 Amps per channel. Product interface is provided via Windows application software using USB 2.0 full speed communications to support up to 108 units or 432 channels simultaneously. The analyzer supports all types of rechargeable battery chemistries including a variety of lithium-ion battery types and new anode and cathode materials when available.
New products are designed for global AC line operation from 90-260VAC, 50-60Hz with careful attention paid to meeting electrical safety and EMC standards requirements for CSA, UL and CE approval.


NJ has computer systems consultants & designers are available for hire. They can be independent professionals, or a part of an agency. These people help put together hardware according to client needs, and design and instal software packages. The major duties a consultant may be expected to perform include creation of specific, customised software programs, putting together computer systems, designing information systems, installation of software, and data recovery services. Degrees in subjects that can lead to a career in consulting in NJ include computer engineering, information systems, computer science, mathematics and statistics. Technical certifications are also available. They usually work by contract, and are hired for specific projects.They can be used for solving IT problems, and enhancing functionality of the client computing systems.


Carlos Ruano, IMM 2007-2008, Sheridan
Today, we visited the Visualization Design Institute (VDI) which is an important Research Department of Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning(1). This people have been working for approximately nine years developing computer based software and visualization tools worth for education, entertainments and cultural research.
We have come to the following conclusions after combining online research with Visualization Researcher and Developer Song Ho Ahn and Senior Web Developer Ian Howatson expositions:
- F.A.C.E. (Facial Animation Communication Engine), which is a real-time facial animation tracking system that is being developed at VDI, has the purpose of capturing human face’s shape and movement in order to make it useful in gaming environments. In my opinion the development this kind of tools helps to construct interactive interfaces that may turn gaming into more interactive applications and increase their appeal to different audiences.
- The interface of F.A.C.E. involves deep investigation into the fields of shape recognition, color and grayscale analysis, 3-D, and Facial Action Parameters. That new knowledge can be used in future works related to emerging technologies such as body and motion recognition, medical and physiological analysis and virtual reality, including interactive applications related to entertainment and to the new ways of interaction between human and computers.
- Understanding visualization as ‘the technologies that are used to transform information into a visual form, enabling the viewer to easily understand the information using interactive graphics and visual design(2)” we realized that the work done by Immersion Studios on their Immersive Visualization Environment Theater is a fascinating tool to transmit information in an attractive and interactive way.
- Using electronic tablets as inputs to allow the audience to get involved or chose the contents on the screen this tool seems to be a very powerful first step into what may will be the next step into the way to show contents to different kinds of audiences and let them interact with the stories or educational filling displayed.
- After visiting VDI, we can state that the emerging technologies that are being developed at this days can be extremely helpful when it comes about interactivity, but the greatest challenges consist on making them reachable to the general public while adapting them to be used with normally used tools such as the conventional web cam (used as the primary input in F.A.C.E.). VDI shows us that interactive visualization technology can be funny and educational whenever you apply creativity, effective programming and a little bit of common sense in your creations.
(1).-“VDI is an applied research unit of Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning (Sheridan). We are dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in the field of computer visualization and simulation. The VDI is a multi-disciplinary establishment, encouraging collaborative partnerships in the areas of scientific, medical, engineering, educational, cultural and environmental research. It is a unique leading edge R and D facility that develops applied solutions that will help ensure a leadership role for Canada in this highly specialized technology”. Visualization Design Institute of the Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning.
(2).-“ Data visualization, the art of using visual thinking to understand complex information, is a growing trend--but it also has an illustrious history. Some of the biggest scientific discoveries hinged on turning data into pictures. One famous example of visualization is the periodic table of elements: When Mendeleev published a grid-like arrangement of elements for a textbook in 1869, not only did he create a beautifully simple display of known data, but his diagram highlighted gaps in current knowledge that told scientists where to search for new elements”. Martin Wattenberg, Manager, Visual Communication Lab. AlphaWorks, IBM.
IBM – Visualization
Face Recognition Interesting Papers
Face Recognition Camera
Interactive Visualization lecture by Jonas Lowgren
George Legrady Studio


While engineers have long been at work to improve human life and society, some of the most exciting innovations in the last few decades are in the realm of sustainable solutions. These include e-mobility, new battery technology, alternative energy sources, and robots for sustainable mining technology. Here are a few examples of some of the greatest engineering innovations for the future:
Adaptation of Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press
The mechanized printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg, also known as the Gutenberg press, was a modification of the wine press. Wine presses were used for crushing grapes, but Gutenberg’s printing press incorporated a screw mechanism. This screw mechanism transferred ink from the movable type to the paper. The press was also capable of mass-producing books in a highly efficient manner. The Gutenberg Bible was the first production book produced using this mechanized printing press. While Gutenberg’s original method was incredibly expensive, the press was a major advance in the world of printing. The first printing press was used in 1431 and produced over 200 copies, although Gutenberg’s methods were considerably more expensive than those of the time.
Sailed ships are an engineering innovation that reduces fuel costs by three percent per year. They also have a large deck area and can induce considerable heeling. The design of these ships required extensive research and analysis to determine the benefits of these new technologies. A prototype of the Sailing Ship is under development by ten PhD students. The project has been delayed due to health restrictions. However, the researchers are optimistic that these ships will be ready for shipping by the end of the year.
Automatic sensing features
In 2018, a bridge in Genoa, Italy, collapsed, killing 43 people. The collapse is still under investigation, and experts have theorized that a variety of factors contributed to its demise. To remedy this problem, the Genoa bridge was rebuilt with automatic sensing features. Two-ton inspection robots travel across the bridge on a carbon composite track, taking 25,000 photos of its undercarriage every eight hours. The bots are equipped with machine vision software to detect abnormalities. Solar panels on the bridge provide 95 percent of the energy it requires for the sensors and lighting.
Advanced driver-assist systems
ADAS technology could revolutionize the automotive industry and save lives. However, it is still in its infancy compared to other automotive systems, such as audio and telematics. The revenues from ADAS technology in 2015 were just $5 billion to $8 billion, which is relatively small compared to the $60 billion in revenues generated by climate control and audio. Despite these modest revenues, many promising ADAS applications are still being developed and tested, with some available only in high-end cars.
Solar and cycle chargers for head lights and cell phones
The bicycle-powered mobile phone charger is an exciting new engineering innovation that can be a conversation starter, and even a potential business opportunity in rural areas with few outlets. A guide by Make magazine explains how to convert a bicycle-powered headlight’s power to DC and scale it down to charge a cell phone or head light safely. But if the bicycle-powered phone charger doesn’t work as you would like, it might not be a viable business.
One of the biggest challenges facing the medical community is finding cancer cures. Fortunately, engineers are becoming increasingly adept at identifying cancer cells and their characteristics. Fortunately, these discoveries can help scientists develop targeted therapies. Researchers at the Kimmel Cancer Center and the Whiting School of Engineering are working together to overcome this problem. They are developing new systems to analyze data. This approach will replace the silos that have stifled the field of medicine for decades.
In engineering, process innovation refers to the introduction of new technology or methods for a process. This process innovation helps an organization achieve a competitive advantage and meet customer demands. Process innovation happens when an organization solves a problem or performs a process in a new way, thereby creating benefits for the performer and the relying parties. In some cases, process innovation can take the form of introducing a new sequence into an existing production process. Organizations also use new information technology systems, as well as find ways to reuse older systems in new ways.
The Pendulum effect has numerous practical applications and is still widely used today. A pendulum demonstrates the law of conservation of energy. To demonstrate the effect, a heavy object is attached to a string, moved a few inches away from a volunteer’s face, and then allowed to swing back and forth. The weight normally returns to its initial position. The next time a volunteer pushes the pendulum, it will have the same length as when it was released.


Friday morning Apple started taking orders and pre-orders for its new iMacs. The 2012 models feature an all-new thin design, plus Ivy Bridge CPUs with NVIDIA graphics, optional Fusion Drive, and USB 3.0.
The 21.5-inch model is available now with CPU configuration of up to 3.1 GHz quad-core i7 CPUs, and a GT 650M GPU with 512 MB GDDR5 memory. There is also an optional Fusion Drive with a 5400 RPM HDD and SSD drive as one logical volume.
The 27-inch model is available for pre-order with currently lead times reaching into late December. Options on the larger iMac are a 3.4 GHz quad-core i7 CPU and custom build GTX 680MX GPU with 2 GB GDDR5 memory. The 27-inch iMac supports up to 32 GB of memory and it too has the Fusion drive option. On the larger iMac, however, the Fusion Drive ships with a 7200 RPM HDD and with a total of 3 TB storage.
- MacBook's USB-C Connector, Meerkat, Super Troopers, + More
- TED comes to Apple TV
- Agile Bits on passwords and security theater
- Fitbit to add multiple tracker support
- Report: Major Apple TV update, app store expected
- ABC News gets tour of Apple health and fitness lab
- Haptic touchpad on new MacBook Pro
- Tim Cook on internal collaboration and the customer experience
- Report: Apple TV subscription service expected this fall
- Want to live above an Apple Store?
- New movie: Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine
- Confusion over the MacBook's USB-C port
- Podcast: The Apple Watch
- Griffen WatchStand announced for Apple Watch
- Waterfield Designs Time Travel case for the Apple Watch
- The Apple Watch
- New MacBook comes in smaller, lighter than MacBook Air
- HBO Now official announced for Apple devices
- Reserve Strap battery backup for Apple Watch
- Podcast: Switching to iPhone 6 Plus, Apple Watch Role Playing, Over-Under + More
- New Steve Jobs book announced
- Apple promotes iPhone 6 photo gallery
- Tim Cook talks up customer privacy
- iPhone design and battery life
- Apple event scheduled for March 9th
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This is a sneak-peak of my app for Iphone and Android OS, currently in development stage.
Below I present a short overview what this app does:
-converts written text to Morse code and viceversa.
-has ability to send a Morse code message continuously(SOS)
-converts light signals to Morse code and viceversa using device build-in camera flash.
-converts Morse sound signal to written text and back to sound version.
For now app is early development stage, however I will inform you about progress on my website.
I will also publish some presentation explaining how it works soon, so stay tuned.


Volume 3, Article 1
ARCHEOLOGICAL 3D MAPPING: THE STRUCTURE FROM MOTION REVOLUTION
Mark D. Willis1, Charles W. Koenig2*, Stephen L. Black2, and Amanda M. Castañeda2
Mapping is a critical aspect of systematic documentation no matter where archaeologists work. From hand-drawn maps of excavation units to maps created with Total Data Stations or LiDAR scanning, today’s archaeologists have a suite of mapping techniques and technologies to choose from when documenting a site. Typically, spectacular sites often receive high resolution mapping, whereas everyday sites rarely do. Recently, however, a revolutionary technology and technique has been created that can produce highly accurate and precise three-dimensional maps and orthophotos of archaeological sites, features, and profiles at a fraction of the cost and time of LiDAR and intensive TDS mapping: Structure from Motion (SfM). SfM is a new digital photography processing technique for capturing highly detailed, three-dimensional (3D) data from almost any surface using digital cameras. This article introduces the various platforms SfM photographs can be collected from (UAV, kites, balloons, poles, and groundbased) and provides examples of different types of data SfM can provide. The Structure from Motion Revolution is unfolding across the globe at a rapid pace, and we encourage archaeologists to take advantage of this new recording method.
Important Notes about Article 1:
- The Article 1 file is 83.7 MB in size. Your download time will take a minute or two if you have a slow ISP.
- The file contains 3-D interactive and video animation imagery that may not work on your computer unless you have a recent version of Adobe Reader or one of the Adobe software packages; such as Acrobat or Illustrator.
- Adobe provides a free download of their Reader DC software at this link: Adobe Reader DC.


Title of article :
Sensitivity of transects across a depth gradient for measuring changes in aerial coverage and abundance of Ruppia megacarpa Mason
Carruthers، Tim J.B. نويسنده , , Walker، D.I. نويسنده ,
Issue Information :
روزنامه با شماره پیاپی سال 1999
Two experiments are performed to examine the usability of different marker-less approaches in image analysis and computer vision for automatic registration of OWAS (Ovako working posture analysing system) postures from video film. In experiment 1, a parametric method based on image analysis routines is developed both for separating the subject from its background and for relating the shapes of the extracted subject to OWAS postures. All 12 analysed images were correctly classified by the method. In experiment 2 a computer neural network is taught to relate postures of a subject to OWAS postures. When the network was trained with 53 images the rest of the set of 138 images was correctly classified. The experiments described in this paper show promising results regarding the use of image analysis and computer vision for tracking and assessing working postures. However, further research is needed including tests of different human models, neural networks, and template matching for making the OWAS method more useful in identifying and evaluating potentially harmful working postures.
Estuaries , Seagrass , Light , Depth , Transects , Management
Journal title :