Přednáška ředitele Ústavu pro jazyk český AV ČR doc. RNDr. Karla Olivy, Dr., kterou Česká matematická společnost ve spolupráci s Matematicko-fyzikální fakultou UK pořádá v rámci série přednášek "Matematika a ...", se koná v pondělí 9. 12. 2013 v 16 hod. v refektáři budovy MFF UK v Praze 1, Malostranské nám. 25.
ERC Consolidator Grant for Michal Koucký
Our long-time researcher Michal Koucký has been awarded ERC Consolidator Grant for the project "LBCAD – Lower bounds for combinatorial algorithms and dynamic problems" for 2014–2018. The project aims to show that known, somewhat efficient, algorithms for various problems cannot be substantially improved.
Doc. Mgr. Michal Koucký, Ph.D., has been awarded the Neuron Research Grant 2013 from the Neuron Foundation for Support of Science and Research.
The Neuron Foundation for Support of Science and Research awarded the Neuron Prize 2013 for the Longlife Work to Prof. RNDr. Vojtěch Rödl, CSc., the renown Czech specialist in combinatorics and graph theory working at the Emory University in Atlanta.
Jean-Pierre Bourguignon, the 2nd president of the European Mathematical Society (1995-98), will be the next president of the European Research Council (ERC). Since 2007, the ERC has funded European top researchers through grants given on the base of applications that are evaluated by expert panels. In Horizon 2020, the ERC appears as a crucial component in the EU long-term research strategy to support the most talented and creative scientists in blue-sky research.
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has decided to award the Abel Prize for 2013 to Pierre Deligne, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, “for seminal contributions to algebraic geometry and for their transformative impact
on number theory, representation theory, and related fields”.
The 10th Eduard Čech Lecture: Wolfgang L. Wendland, University of Stuttgart
Dny otevřených dveří v Matematickém ústavu AV ČR - Open Houses in the Institute of Mathematics AS CR
Ing. Jakub Šístek, PhD., received from the President of the Academy of Sciences Prof. Jiří Drahoš the Otto Wichterle Premium for young researchers. The award connected with a financial premium of 90 000 crowns in the three subsequent years has been established in 2002 to encourage and support young promising researchers in institutes of the Academy of Sciences. Jakub Šístek is one of 23 young researches awarded the Premium this year.
Eduard Feireisl's ERC Advanced Grant proposal "MATHEF – Mathematical Thermodynamics of Fluids" has been selected for funding in the period 2013–2018. A great success of the Czech mathematics as this is the first ERC Advanced Grant for mathematics in the Czech Republic and the only one assigned to a Czech scientist this year! Eduard Feireisl was the chair of the Scientific Committee of the 6th European Congress of Mathematics in Kraków, 2012, and is also the chair of the Scientific Committee of Equadiff 13 in Praha, 2013. The call for a PhD. student to work in the grant has been closed.


||Adobe PDF Format
MegaButtonTM is available
in memory capacities of 8 Megabytes, as
well as 4 Gigabytes. A MegaButton
is a rugged data storage device designed for
use and survival in harsh operating
environments. Attached to equipment and
related components, MegaButtons offer extended
data storage capabilities, allowing large
amounts of information; maintenance or
technical manuals, schematic diagrams, x-rays,
and pictures to be stored on the button along
with nameplate, configuration and maintenance
data. Click Here.
ability to quickly view critical information
on-site saves both time and money for
maintenance personnel and asset managers. By
eliminating the time and inconvenience
associated with locating a paper manual or
accessing a central database, logistical
support functions such as configuration
management, maintenance record keeping,
preventive maintenance procedures and asset
tracking are enhanced throughout the service
life of the asset.
are built to the same rugged standards of
survivability as MacSema's MiniButtonTM
. The technology has successfully
completed tough environmental testing using
rigorous military standards including
temperature extremes, radiation, electrostatic
discharge (ESD), electromagnetic interference
(EMI), electromagnetic pulse (EMP), shock,
vibration, solvents and saltwater.
Measuring 28.6 mm (1.1 inches) in
diameter by 5.1 mm (0.2 inches) high, the
battery free MegaButton weighs only 5.0
grams. Data is retained indefinitely.
read and write to MegaButtons using MacSema's
USB MegaButtonLinkTM .
This external device connects directly to a PC
USB port and allows users to quickly access
and update information on a MegaButton through
a familiar Windows interface in the same way a
diskette is accessed from a floppy drive.
MegaButton systems are Plug and Play
compatible with off the shelf software,
allowing easy integration with industry
standard hardware platforms and software


IoT and Automation
The rapid evolution of technology in industrial automation systems requires tight integration between devices on the plant floor and the rest of the enterprise. This integration requires secure network infrastructure, smart devices for efficient data collection, and the ability to turn data into actionable information.
Apart from this, IoT is a credible source through which you can actually talk to your machines, and know what else is required to increase productivity, keep a record of their regular performances, analyze defect areas and inefficiencies, etc.
IoT and machine monitoring is a beneficial combination that helps you grow your business exponentially. Also, the Internet of Things is mainly programmed concerning industrial asset maintenance in a well-structured way. In all, IoT simplifies the managerial works for the plant managers and with one click they can analyze the performance of their machines and much more.
IIoT is an evolution of a distributed control system (DCS) that allows for a higher degree of automation by using cloud computing to refine and optimize the process controls.


Ji Apr 28, 2019 5Very fast delivery service and the Fiber Optic Laser Engraver was as described.
Richard Eberle Apr 19, 2019 5It’s fantastic, why didn't I find this Jinan Bodor CNC Machine Co., Ltd. earlier?
Mr.тови петровиќ Apr 14, 2019 5Well worth the costs. Very dependable Jinan Bodor CNC Machine Co., Ltd. .
Hue Apr 04, 2019 5Taught A parcel in 5 days after payment! all clear!Highly recommend Jinan Bodor CNC Machine Co., Ltd. company.
Yvonne Ye Mar 24, 2019 5Fiber Optic Laser Engraver quality is as we expected. Really quick delivery too.
Sirichai Wiriya Mar 09, 2019 5The Fiber Optic Laser Engraver is so cute, so does the manufacturer. Recommend A+++++++
Zakaria OUASMI Mar 08, 2019 5The Fiber Optic Laser Engraver arrived, looks good.
Can Mar 02, 2019 5Wonderful ! Could you recommend some other products for me?
Clara Feb 18, 2019 4Delivered in a week. Quality matches the description. Thank You, satisfied with the Fiber Optic Laser Engraver , recommend.
James Brooks Feb 09, 2019 4Everything was fine. The seller helped a lot. I recommend! wonderful Fiber Optic Laser Engraver .
Sami Khan Feb 09, 2019 4Shipping was speedy. The package was very secure, there were no damage during shipping.I am very satisfied.
yusuph patel Feb 04, 2019 4I have been cutting a few small projects. The Fiber Optic Laser Engraver is great ! After few months, I will buy some others.
YOU MAY LIKE
Sink Fiber Optic Laser Welding Machine
Specifications 1 Mosfet or Tube IGBT for small welding machines under 250A 2 IGBT for big welding machine over 250A 3 Save energy 4 CE Sink Fiber Optic Laser Welding Machine MMA inverter machines are for electrode welding We supply both IBGT and Mosfet machines according to the customer s...
Fiber Optic Laser Cutting 0.5-16mm thickness Open design 1500*3000mm
Buying Guides 0 5 16mm carbon steel and 0 1 8mm stainless steel perfect cutting brings customer good feedback from Industry parts making Material Carbon steel stainless steel alloy steel spring steel and copper aluminum gold silver and titanium sheets and pipes Industry machinery parts electrics...
Cheap Color Change Fiber Optic Waterfall Light Curtain
Good price TLD fiber Optic power meter, Optic laser light source power meter,fiber optic cable tester power meter
VFL 650nm Visual Fault Locator Optical Fiber Pen,Red Laser Pointer for Fiber Test
Pen type 10mw new VFL650-6 fiber optic laser pen / visual fault locator with battery
Pen type 10mw new VFL650 6 fiber optic laser pen visual fault locator with battery Application v Maintenance in telecom CATV v Test Lab of optical fibers v Fiber routing and continuity checking in optical networks v Other fiber optic measurements Feature v 2 5mm universal connector for 1 25mm...
10mw VFL 650nm Visual Fault Locator Optical Fiber Pen,Red Laser Pointer,pen type
20mw Red Light Pen Style VFL Fiber Optic Laster Tester,red pointer
Across and lengthwise fiber cable stripper ,GW008 Fiber Optic Cable Stripper,Laser Cable Stripper
Portable Fiber Optic Laser Source/ Optical Light Source
20mw black optical telecom VFL cable fault locator, fiber optic laser pen,fiber cable tester
ADL230S,SM Fiber Optic Visual Fault Locator, Optic Visual Laser Source, Optical Laser Source ADL
Fiber Optic Tool,Intelligent JW3111 optical light source ,Fiber Optic Laser Source
led fiber optic laser finger ring
Channel Letter Fiber Optic Laser Welding Machine Price
200w jewelry spot welding machine fiber optic laser welder for sale
20W coupled fiber optical laser engraver
Wuhan Cheap fiber optic laser marker for Phone Shells and Electronic Cigarette
20w fiber optic laser marker/laser engraving cell phone case/plastic laser printing machine
fiber optic cable price, om4 fiber optical cord, fiber optic laser
SEND US A MESSAGE
We didn't put all products on website. If you can't find the product you're looking for, please contact us for more information.


Water is a vital resource that we depend on for our daily lives. As such, it is essential to ensure that it is safe and of high quality. Water monitoring is a critical task that helps to ensure that water is free of contaminants and safe for use. With the advancement in technology, water monitoring has been made more efficient and accurate with the introduction of Kacise’s KWS800 Online Sensor. The KWS800 Online Sensor is a multi-parameter water quality sensor that is designed to revolutionize the way water monitoring is done. The sensor is designed to measure various water parameters, including pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and turbidity. This makes it a versatile tool that can be used in a wide range of applications, including water treatment, environmental monitoring, and industrial processes.
One of the standout features of the KWS800 Online Sensor is its high accuracy and precision. The sensor is designed to provide accurate and reliable readings, even in harsh environmental conditions. This makes it an ideal tool for use in a wide range of settings, including remote and harsh environments.
The KWS800 Online Sensor is also designed to be easy to install and operate. The sensor is equipped with a user-friendly interface that makes it easy to set up and use. The interface is also designed to provide real-time data, allowing users to monitor water quality in real-time.
Another benefit of the KWS800 Online Sensor is its low maintenance requirements. The sensor is designed to be durable and long-lasting, reducing the need for regular maintenance. This makes it a cost-effective tool for water monitoring.In conclusion, the KWS800 Online Sensor from Kacise is a game-changer in the water monitoring industry. Its high accuracy, versatility, ease of use, and low maintenance requirements make it an ideal tool for a wide range of applications. Whether you are involved in water treatment, environmental monitoring, or industrial processes, the KWS800 Online Sensor is an investment that will pay off in the long run.


Networking is the practice of linking computing devices together with hardware and software that supports data communications across these devices. When looking at networking basics, understanding the way a network operates is the first step to understanding routing and switching. The network operates by connecting computers and peripherals using two pieces of equipment; switches and routers. Switches and routers, essential networking basics, enable the devices that are connected to your network to communicate with each other, as well as with other networks.
Cygnus is a premier systems integrator, located in Santa Clara, CA that provides quality business
automation, computer network and security solutions, remote and on-site support, and cost-effective
IT outsourcing for small to mid-sized businesses.
Cygnus has delivered comprehensive, dependable, and cost-effective IT outsourcing solutions to its clients driven by its core values of accomplishment, ownership, demonstrated expertise, attention to detail, teamwork, sound business judgment, and most of all credibility with its customer.


Sony released its flagship phone in january 2013. It is one of the most brilliant devices we have seen. Sony Xperia Z is equipped with a Quad-core 1.5 GHz Krait processor, 2 GB of RAM and Adreno 320 GPU. Sony has equipped its device with some serious arsenal, making it able to handle heavy operations. It has a stunning Full HD 1080p display, which makes it just better!
Initially this device was released with android 4.1.2(Jelly Bean) loaded on it. Sony had themed it very nicely and the overall experience was both stylish and clean. Recently Sony has released android 4.2.2(Jelly Bean) for its device. This post is all about how to update sony xperia z c6602 to android 4.2.2. This update has brought some new features and also comes with some fixes. Sony claims to have fixed some issues faced by customers in camera app. Its performance has also been upgraded a bit. It now offers more smooth interface and become more lag-free. As included in android 4.2.2 OS, now it supports:
- Daydreaming feature
- Lockscreen widgets
- Better performance
SO HOW DO WE UPDATE IT?
There are two possible methods of updating it with official android 4.2.2 OS:
- Via OTA update
- Manually via flashtool
1. OTA UPDATE
To update it via OTA, you need to install Sony PC Companion on you Windows/Mac. Then just connect you device to computer via USB cable. Sony PC Companion will automatically detect the device. Open the software and check for updates. If a update has been dispatched for your device, it will tell you. Then just follow the steps provided. One can follow these steps without any fear as it is official, so there is no danger of getting something wrong. For those who didn’t receive OTA update must read how to flash manually.
2. Manually via flashtool
- Backup all your contacts, messages and important data in phone memory
- Install flashtool on you PC. You can find it here: Download Flashtool
- Download the firmware for you device model. Be very careful and always check you device model in Settings>About Phone to flash correct firmware. Download it here
- Confirm your device model is C6602
- After installing flashtool and downloading firmware, copy downloaded .ftf file into (C:\Flashtool\firmwares) folder
- Now start flashtool
- Click on lightning icon
- then click on flash mode
- Be careful while choosing right firmware.
- Select wipe option to wipe all data
- Check “no final verification” box
- click on “OK”
- Soon following screen will appear
- Hold the “VOLUME DOWN” button while connecting you device via usb cable to PC
- Flashtool will detect it automatically and start flashing
- Do not unplug the device during flashing
- Do not unplug until Flashing is 100% completed
- When it is done, unplug the device and power it on
- First boot may take longer than usual
- Now go to Stttings>About Phone and check you android version
- and it’s done!
You have successfully installed android 4.2.2 on your Xperia Z C6602. Enjoy! 🙂
P.S feel free to ask any question if you find any difficulty or facing any kind of problem in comments section below. Thanks


Our mission is to serve the industrial and academic community with reliable data obtained from well-designed modern measuring techniques and systems, as well as to deliver modern laboratory experimental measuring equipment to the university environment.
Among our most important activities is the custom-made design, testing and calibration of measurement devices and whole measurement systems suited for particular technical applications in accordance with the requirements and needs of our customers.
At the same time, we also provide measurement services to in-house experimental facilities in the field of aero- and thermodynamics. Our main experimental measuring track is a climatic wind tunnel for heat exchangers measurement and an experimental track for measuring of fan characteristics.
For measurement services we can also use some of our serial products - e.g. multi constant current anemometry (MCCA) to determine temperature and velocity field, mainly developed for application in vehicle cooling, pressure strips measurement system allowing the measurement of pressure on the desired surface with very little installation effort (even for dynamic measurements) or surface flow visualization system using a method based on processing images of many tufts attached to the surface in the flow.
We have a lot of experiences with preparation and implementation of measurements in wind tunnels, designed for the study of vehicle external and internal aerodynamics in automotive development (experienced in FKFS - Stuttgart, AUDI - Ingolstadt, VW - Wolfsburg, PORSCHE - Weissach).
Besides the mentioned measurement services we also offer consulting activities.
3. 4Jtech, s. r. o.


Carr writes: Menuge wrote 'What's puzzling about the passage below is how we can specifiy what the information that is being transmitted is without talking about its meaning.'But a CSI detecting machine can, according to Menuge,pattern match the specification of the information without knowing about the meaning of the specification.Is *specified* information something that cannot be detected by naturalistic methods, or can only human beings detect specified information (as only agents can understand the meaning of the specification)?
Well, here's an example: a mindless computer program might be programmed withcertain information that in fact contains CSI, such as, to use Dembski's example, a long sequence of prime numbers. Now suppose that in the Search forExtra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project, a radio signal is detected from deep space that consists of a large sequence of these prime numbers. Theprogram could match the received sequence with a subsection of the sequence ofprimes in its database, and also determine if the sequence was long enough to be"complex" (in the sense that it is too unlikely to have been generated by chance). It seems to me, so long as "detect" is used in a minimalistic way (athermometer detects the temperature in this sense), there is no reason to denythat the program detects CSI.Â Â The machine can detect (reliably register /signal) this CSI even though there is no reason to suppose it knows what a primenumber is, or why the sequence it received consitutes CSI. The way I see it, detection does not require understanding, and the detection of CSI that has a meaning does not require that the detecting device can access the meaning. This is rather like the way a voice-activated computer can be programmed to obey thespoken words "Open Word" without knowing what it means to open the program. So it seems that, at least in some cases (I'm not sure in all, because some information is not so easy to represent computationally: there might be problems raised by Turing's halting problem or Godel's incompleteness theorem, where a human can detect CSI that is not computationally tractable---but this is endlessly debated), CSI can be detected by naturalistic methods. However, just as there is distinction between non-conceptual seeing (seeing red) and conceptual seeing (seeing red as danger), it seems to me that the program thatdetects CSI is not, like the scientist, seeing it as CSI, because it lacks the relevant concepts.. Angus


Extreme weather dramatically increases the scale of those challenges, but the impacts can be minimised by measuring, communicating and acting upon environmental data, captured by sensors at exposed or remote locations.
In addition, monitoring the condition of every asset helps operators plan ahead, reducing maintenance and repair costs and minimising disruption.
For over fifty years our product innovations have helped make the world’s transport systems safer:
- - Environmental Monitoring Systems
- - Surface Friction Measurement
- - Remote Condition Monitoring
- - Management and Analysis Software


Gone are the days of squinting at grainy, almost impossible to decipher security camera videos. IP security camera systems from Gray Security Services, featuring affordable state-of-the-art megapixel and HDTV cameras, offer high-quality video, lower total cost of ownership and advanced features to enhance your facilities surveillance.
An IP network security camera system:
- Works with your existing analog security cameras. Upgrade to an IP network system without losing your investment in your existing security cameras.
- Produces superior quality surveillance videos. With new megapixel or HD security cameras, you will enjoy wider viewing fields, greater resolution and clearer pictures.
- Offers exceptional flexibility and expansion potential. It’s quick and relatively easy to move cameras or add more observation points.
- Can utilize your existing LAN, to minimize the need for new cable runs.
- Can work wirelessly. Ideal for older or historic buildings where opening the walls or ceilings to run cables is undesirable, or remote camera installation sites where cabling is impractical.
- Provides greater security on the back end. Require passwords to view video and encrypt video transmissions to eliminate tampering with security video archives.
- Allows remote video monitoring over the Internet, from where ever you are. See for yourself what’s going on at your facility in real time, day or night.


In this workshop led by Becky Stewart, participants will learn how to build switches and pressure sensors from conductive textiles. She will introduce a few different e-textile techniques and discuss where to get materials and help for own projects.
Date: 25 January 2018
Venue: FabLab Limerick
Tickets: 5€ ; to book, go to the FabLab website. Booking is recommended to avoid disappointment.
Becky Stewart is a Lecturer in the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science at Queen Mary University of London. Her research looks as body-centric technologies for arts performance such as binaural audio and e-textiles interfaces. From 2011-2016 she was a co-founder of Codasign, an arts technology company that taught coding and electronics through creative projects, and also collaborated with artists and designers to create interactive objects like GPS shoes and musical bridges. More about her work can be found at theleadingzero.com.


Digital infra red thermometer
Take measurements from a safe distance with the Fluke Infrared Thermometer.
Don’t get burned by a motor, or have hot and cold air blowing in your face from your HVAC system or blowers while taking measurements. You can trust in Fluke infrared thermometers to get accurate temperature readings from a safe distance.
|Fluke Connect Wireless Test Tools put tools, not your body, near live electrical panels. It’s simple. Use a Fluke Connect compatible temperature module, or any of the other Fluke Connect remote modules, and read the results on the Fluke Connect Wireless Multimeter or a portable PC from a safe distance.
Better still, the Fluke Connect test tools can send measurement data to your smartphone, so you can save and share measurements from the field with your team anytime, from anywhere.


Chris Klaus, a Founding Partner at Guidepoint PEO LLC and the Founder of Drighten Research Inc., boasts over two decades of experience harnessing the power of data science, data analytics, and data engineering across diverse industries.
At Guidepoint PEO, Chris spearheads the advancement of AI solutions in affiliate marketing for the PEO sector.
Through Drighten, he has leveraged his expertise to develop and deliver data science courses at Washington University's School of Technology and Leadership as a contracted faculty member. He has also created a few custom GPTs for the OpenAI GPT marketplace.
Previously, Chris held the role of Director of Enterprise Data Analytics at Talend, where he initiated an enterprise data science program.
Throughout his career, Chris has been at the forefront of numerous machine-learning endeavors, including the development of a neural network for a chemical warfare sensor at Argonne National Laboratory.
Chris' academic journey includes a B.S. in Physics and an M.A. in Mathematics from Eastern Illinois University.


World-class AI at your fingertips
We help you quickly access leading cloud AI services and build great AI-powered products faster.
What you need to do to call an AI service directly from Google Cloud Platform*:
What you need to do to call the same Google service via RAPYD.AI:
No need to be a cloud expert to access cloud AI services. 😎
Sign up for RAPYD.AI
Get your account.
Choose AI Task
Image or text analysis.
Copy & Paste code snippet.
Get started now


DART keeps your aircraft flying in blue sky.
Flight data analysis in a quick and intuitive way.
DART is the fastest FDM / FOQA solution for raw data conversion into engineering data and flight data analysis according to user-defined rules. The user interface excels by elegance and simplicity, being easy and intuitive to use.
Create your own performance indicator
with complete flexibility.
DART allows the user to define their own analysis parameters according to a logic that is most convenient to them, through a very friendly interface. In addition, the user can define sets of parameters in order to perform repetitive analysis, as well as to establish global indicators for operations and equipment conditions based on recorded or produced parameters.
Integrate your analysis results with risk
management tools or 3D simulations.
The results of DART analyses are easily exported to risk management tools or 3D simulation tools. Konatus partnership with Safety-Line enables flight data analysis and operational safety risk analysis in a integrated environment called Safety Management Suite, capable of integrating DART and Safety Cube tools.


LUMINÁRIAS LINEARES IP68 -- IK10
LUMINÁRIAS LINEARES DC COM RESINA POLIURETANO.
CERTIFICAÇÃO L.I.Q. : EN 62262 + EN 60598
COMPRIMENTOS DE 520, 1020 E 2020 MM.
CCT: 3000K / 4000K E RGB
PERFIL EM POLICARBONATO COM GRAFITE.
A GRAFITE CONFERE A ESTE PERFIL A CAPACIDADE DE DISSIPAÇÃO DE CALOR, AUMENTANDO SIGNIFICTIVAMENTE A VIDA ÚTIL DOS CHIPS. IDEAL PARA APLICAÇÃO EM EXTERIOR OU ZONAS HÚMIDADAS.
DIFERENTES CONFIGURAÇÕES COM FITAS TENSÃO CONSTANTE, FITAS AC230VAC OU MÓDULOS CC
TM-30-15 color vector graphics
We are pleased to announce that, starting this year, NEXT LIGHT uses the TM30-15 system.
TM-30-15 is a new and improved IES method for characterizing the color rendering ability of light.
TM-30 is a method for evaluating light source color rendition.
It includes numerous measures that quantify different aspects of color rendering, such as fidelity and gamut.
Showing colors 1 to 99 and the important color vector graph, the Rg gamut index is an average of 16 color regions, color vector graphics under the TM-30-15 measurement method provides additional information about the particular colors.


This is a research note I wrote a while back that presents a unified model of the Gravitational, Electrostatic, and Magnetic Forces, each rooted in my model of physics, that is in turn based upon information theory and computer theory. I clarified these ideas in a follow up paper (available here), but the equations and concepts remain generally unchanged.
I’m back on Twitter, and you can find me here: https://twitter.com/charlesdavihat1
I regret to say that the quality of national discourse has declined notably in my absence…
Imagine we had a line segment with a finite length, and then iteratively extracted the center ; and then extracted the center of the two resulting segments, and so on.
The set of points that remains after this process is of course the Cantor Set:
Note that this set will be bounded by the two end points of the original line segment.
Now imagine that we gave the line segment some velocity, sending the entire Cantor Set in between, in tact, through space. Further, imagine that we had a sensor at a fixed point along the path of the set that lights up every time a point in the set crosses the sensor.
Because there are a countable number of gaps in the line segment, the light will blink on and off with some frequency, an infinite number of times. The signal generated will depend upon both the gaps in the set, and the velocity of the line segment.
Also note that the amount of time it takes for the line segment to cross the sensor is given by , where is the length of the segment, and is the velocity of the segment. Because and are both finite, is finite.
Now imagine that we have two such line segments and , both of length , but that is travelling with a faster velocity of . Because , it will take less time for to cross the sensor, causing the sensor to be triggered for a shorter amount of time by than .
For example, the length of the gap in the middle (the largest gap initially removed) has a length of . The amount of time it takes for this gap to cross the sensor is , which will obviously depend upon the velocity of the segment. If we assume that the light turns off once the sensor hits this gap, then the amount of time the light is off during this gap will vary with the velocity of the segment.
The same will be true of all gaps in the set.
This implies that the signal generated by is objectively distinguishable from the signal generated by , despite the fact that both will cause the sensor to trigger an infinite number of times.
This same thought experiment works with any bounded set that has a countable number of “holes” in it.
Note that this (admittedly theoretical) hypothetical suggests that an infinite signal can be conveyed in a finite amount of time.
In this article, I apply my model of AI to image classification. The working paper is available on researchgate, and is also attached as a pdf.


Diabetic patients need to measure their blood-sugar level by drawing blood before and after a meal and it is easy to develop complications due to diabetes. Recently, a research team from POSTECH developed technology that allows diagnosis of diabetes and treatment of diabetic retinopathy just by wearing ‘Smart Light-emitting diode (LED) Contact Lens.’ With this technology, it is anticipated that development of wearable diagnostic and therapeutic devices for diabetes will be vitalized.
Professor Sei Kwang Hahn and his research team including his PhD student, Geon-Hui Lee, invented a smart photonic contact lens and a wearable medical device which can diagnose diabetes and treat diabetic retinopathy. Their new research results on photonic diagnosis and photonic therapy of diabetes are published on-line in the world’s renowned journal, Nature Reviews Materials, as of January 7th in collaboration with the research group led by Zhenan Bao from Department of Chemical Engineering at Stanford University and David Myung from Stanford Medicine Ophthalmology.
In addition, working with an experienced medical device importer like Andaman Medical guarantees that your products comply with all necessary regulations, providing a hassle-free experience when entering new markets. Discover their comprehensive importation services in the Philippines by visiting https://andamanmed.com/market-access-services/importation-services/philippines/.
The research team successfully developed a smart contact lens with integrated micro LED and photodetector which can measure glucose concentration in the conjunctival blood vessels by analyzing the NIR light. With this development, they succeeded in diabetic diagnosis.
Furthermore, they put their new smart LED contact lenses on rabbit eyes with diabetic retinopathy disease and irradiated light repeatedly for a month. As a result, they confirmed that there was significant reduction of angiogenesis (production of new blood vessels) in retina and verified clinical feasibility of the smart LED contact lens for the diabetic retinopathy therapy.
This newly developed device will not only let diabetic patients monitor their blood-sugar level in real-time but also enable medical treatment for retinopathy which is caused by diabetic complications.
Meanwhile, Professor Hahn and his research team have gained great attention from the academics by developing a smart contact lens that can diagnose diabetes by analyzing the glucose concentration in tears and deliver drugs to treat diabetic retinopathy for first time in the world. Preliminary clinical tests for the developers are expected to be done in the first half of this year.
On the basis of these results, recently, they also developed a smart wearable medical device that can do highly sensitive analysis on the glucose concentration in sweat and they verified that it could be clinically feasible for diabetic diagnosis. Also, with PHI Biomed company, they developed a blue-tooth system that can send data wirelessly allowing patients to check their diabetic diagnosis results on their mobile phones.
Professor Hahn who led the research mentioned about his future plan in his interview, “We developed a smart LED contact lens that can diagnose diabetes and treat diabetic retinopathy with light for the first time in the world. We are planning to commercialize these smart contact lenses and smart wearable medical devices in collaboration with Stanford Medicine.”


The SEI Podcast Series will highlight the work of SEI researchers with different backgrounds, expertise, and interests. Some episodes will summarize the goals and results of advanced research projects at the cutting edge of science and technology. Other episodes will highlight the work of SEI technologists with customer-facing roles on applied, transition- and acquisition-oriented topics.
SEI Fellows Series: Peter Feiler
The position of SEI Fellow is awarded to people who have made an outstanding contribution of the work of the SEI and from home the SEI leadership may expect valuable advice for continued success in the institute’s mission. Peter Feiler was named an SEI Fellow in August 2016. This podcast is the second in a series highlighting interviews with SEI Fellows
NTP Best Practices
The network time protocol (NTP) synchronizes the time of a computer client or server to another server or within a few milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). NTP servers, long considered a foundational service of the Internet, have more recently been used to amplify large-scale Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. While 2016 did not see a noticeable uptick in the frequency of DDoS attacks, the last 12 months have witnessed some of the largest DDoS attacks, according to Akamai's State of the Internet/Security report. One issue that attackers have exploited is abusable NTP servers. In 2014, there were over seven million abusable NTP servers. As a result of software upgrades, repaired configuration files, or the simple fact that ISPs and IXPs have decided to block NTP traffic, the number of abusable servers dropped by almost 99 percent in a matter months, according to a January 2015 article in ACM Queue. But there is still work to be done. It only takes 5,000 abusable NTP servers to generate a DDoS attack in the range of 50-400 Gbps. In this podcast, Timur Snoke explores the challenges of NTP and prescribes some best practices for securing accurate time with this protocol.
Establishing Trust in Disconnected Environments
First responders, search-and-rescue teams, and military personnel often work in “tactical edge” environments defined by limited computing resources, rapidly changing mission requirements, high levels of stress, and limited connectivity. In these tactical edge environments, software applications that enable tasks such as face recognition, language translation, decision support, and mission planning and execution are critical due to computing and battery limitations on mobile devices. Our work on tactical cloudlets addresses some of these challenges by providing a forward-deployed platform for computation offload and data staging.
When establishing communication between two nodes, such as a mobile device and a tactical cloudlet in the field, identification, authentication, and authorization provide the information and assurances necessary for the nodes to trust each other (i.e., mutual trust). A common solution for establishing trust is to create and share credentials in advance and then use an online trusted authority to validate the credentials of the nodes. The tactical environments in which first responders, search-and-rescue, and military personnel operate, however, do not consistently provide access to that online authority or certificate repository because they are disconnected, intermittent, limited (DIL). In this podcast, Grace Lewis presents a solution for establishing trusted identities in disconnected environments based on secure key generation and exchange in the field, as well as an evaluation and implementation of the solution.
Distributed Artificial Intelligence in Space
In 2014-2015, a group of researchers across various disciplines gathered at the Caltech Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) to explore whether recent advances in multifunctional, reconfigurable, and adaptive structures could enable a microenvironment control to support space exploration in extreme environments. The workshop series spawned multiple working groups and project ideas for pushing the state-of-the-art in space exploration, colonization and infrastructure. One such project, called the Multi-planetary Smart Tile, explores the possibility of creating a multi-functional power grid for the solar system that is capable of distributed computation, renewable power generation, and power beaming to remote locations. In this podcast, Dr. James Edmondson discusses his work to bring distributed artificial intelligence to a next generation, renewable power grid in space.
Verifying Distributed Adaptive Real-Time Systems
Making sure government and privately owned drones share international air space safely and effectively is a top priority for government officials. Distributed Adaptive Real-Time (DART) systems are key to many areas of Department of Defense (DoD) capability, including the safe execution of autonomous, multi-unmanned aerial systems missions having civilian benefits. DART systems promise to revolutionize several such areas of mutual civilian-DoD interest, such as robotics, transportation, energy, and health care. To fully realize the potential of DART systems, however, the software controlling them must be engineered for high-assurance and certified to operate safely and effectively. In short, these systems must satisfy guaranteed and highly-critical safety requirements (e.g., collision avoidance) while adapting smartly to achieve application requirements, such as protection coverage, while operating in dynamic and uncertain environments. In this podcast, James Edmondson and Sagar Chaki describe an architecture and approach to engineering high-assurance software for DART systems.


DIGIKEIJS – DIGIKEIJS DR5000-18V DCC MULTI-BUS CENTRAL
Only 1 left in stock
DR5000 Multi-bus central features
With a 18v mains power supply, this version is suitable for ‘OO’ gauge locos.
– Communication with computer/control program;
– Protocol L.NET or XpressNet V3;
– Virtual COM-port, speed 9600, 19200, 38400, 56800 of 115200 Baud.
– Firmware updates
– Interface for L.NET devices (Controllers, Feedback modules etc.)
– Interface for L.NET devices: (manual-)Controllers, Feedback modules etc. Max 12v/1000mA power;
– Interface for L.NET devices including boosters (rail-sync). Max 12v/600mA power;
– Interface for XpressNet devices: MultiMaus, LH100 etc. Max 12v/1000mA power;
– Interface for R-BUS feedback modules.
– Interface for ROCO Boosters, e.g. the MultiMaus boosters 10764 lan as a booster together with the DR5000!
– Interface for Lenz-RS-Bus feedback modules.
– Interface for s88N feedback modules. Max 16 x 16 input modules (256 inputs);
– Interface for DR502xEXT modules (bi-directioneel).
– DCC rail-output. Max 19V/3.2Amp. Lower voltages by other power supply. Min 14V.
– DCC programming output. Max 19V/800mA.
Automatically switches from Track-Out to Program mode so the programming rail can also be used.
– 100baseT Ethernet. Can be connected to a local network via DHCP.
– bgn Wireless network via internal antenna.
– Both networks can be accessed via UDP / IP and TCP / IP;
– Protocols: Lenz XpressNet and/or L.NET-TCP/IP;
– Wifi/LAN settings can be changed via a web-interface;
– The WiFi / LAN module can serve as an AP (access point) as well as a router between the DR5000 and WiFi home network (LAN).
– Disable Rail output.
– Enable Rail output
– IR receiver compatible with Uhlenbrock IRIS and Piko DigiFern (or other RC5/36Khz remotecontrols).
– 4 channels, per channel directly to be controlled/switched, 1 lok and 4 switches.
– Further control possible through X-BUS and/or L.NET (manual)controls,
the DR502xEXT modules or via the USB/LAN/Wifi interfaces.
– Power: Power supply present; Programming track indicator
– Load: Ouput load. Intensity is increased with the load.
off = no load, on is is 3.15Amp;
– Short: Short circuit. Blink Code defines the bus caused the short circuit;
Continue on is Track-Out
– TX: Data is sent to the computer;
– RX: Data is received from the computer.
– RX: Valid IR data is being received.
– TX: Data is being send to the X-BUS
– RX: Data is being received from the X-BUS.
– The signals to Track-Out and the booster connection are off.
– The signals to Track-Out and the booster connection are ON.
– TX: Data is sent to the L.NET;
– RX: Data is being received from L.NET
– There is at least one input on the s88 bus active;
Intensity increases with the number of active inputs.
– Active: The Wifi Network is active.
– Link: The LAN is connected and connected to a switch / hub / router.
– Status: The internal router is active.
– 126 simultaneous operation / control of locs;
– F0 – F28;
– 14/28/128 levels;
– Long and short addresses. (9999 for long, Maximum short addresses to be set from 0-127)
– 2048 switches;
– Offset +4/-4 for MultiMaus compatibility
– 2048 feedback, which is the total of all possible buses.
A smaller maximum could occur per bus
– Feedbacks from combining all buses in one series of 1-2048
– All protocols are translated to the DR.Cmd internal protocol.
Every Bus/Connection receives specific and relevant data from the internal protocol.
– Included Modern, low-loss switching and adjustable external power supply. (18 Volt)Loconet
SKU : DR5000-18V-UK
EAN : 8718375562451


We have released new versions of our core crypto and SSL/TLS libraries:
We have released the new IAIK PKCS#11 Provider version 1.4 and the new IAIK PKCS#11 Wrapper version 1.3. These versions now use UTF8 encoding for character array attributes and furthermore include some fixes and enhancement for improved usability.
IAIK-CMS with S/MIMEv3 is a library for the Java™ platform that implements the IETF approved CMS (Cryptographic Message Synatx, RFC 3852 , RFC 5652 ), S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Version 3, RFC 3851 ) and ESS (Enhanced Security Services for S/MIME, RFC 2634 ) protocols.
This is a software library written solely in the Java™ Programming Language. Developers can use and integrate it as a JAR file. It offers a simple API for key management, digital signatures and encryption, supporting CMS, S/MIME and XML. Beside ease of use, this product offers high data throughput. It is especially suitable for server applications, but it is not restricted to this kind of applications.
The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol has been developed by Netscape Communications Corporation for providing a secure data transfer over the Internet in supporting peer authentication, data encryption and data integrity. The version 3 of the Secure Sockets Layer protocol and its IETF standardized successor TLS (Transport Layer Security) are the most important protocols for encrypted data transfer over the WWW, supported by all well-known browsers, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape and Opera.
IAIK Proxy Tunnel is available for free. The Proxy Tunnel is an application based on IAIK JCE and iSaSiLk that makes it possible to add security features to existing applications and protocols without changing the underlying applications.


Why pod ?
Pod is the acronym of Piece Of Data. The data you manage is scattered among many apps. Because the pod core technology allows us to manage data as pieces, as it is in the real world, it is perfect for data gathering from many different sources to connect them all, providing a 360° view in one place. This place is the Podbox.
Traditional data structures are rigid
Since the internet was born, the data management market has been moving faster and faster: it became critical to be agile and faster than competitors. Companies are now measuring how critical their information system is. They need constant updates to match their business. The problem is that such updates require a lot of time and money.
Since the beginning of IT, most information systems have been managing the data as files or tables (in RDBMS), considering lines or rows as the unit of data. The same logical structure remained in software development, building Objects as a set a values (UML). The problem is that such a structure is not flexible enough when updating your data model: changing a relationship, splitting an entity, reorganizing data to reach a upper level of abstraction. You know how expensive it is to change the data model as soon as the application has been put into use.
Most of the time, in order to reduce the costs and shorten the time to market, quality standards are not met. When a company cannot wait to improve a part of its information system properly, it is poorly patched up as a result.
The Pod Technology
Dominique Péré created Pod in 2007. Since that moment, he has been working hard with the team to experiment and develop this new data modeling language in applications. The pod technology has required 6 years of research. Pod programming was founded in 2010 to introduce these researches onto the market.
In 2011, we decided to focus on the real problems everyone encounters with the data: it is scattered everywhere!
Podbox was born.
The Podbox was a real technical challenge, and a part of a vision. Our pod technology makes that possible.
Grants, sponsorships and partnerships
Pod programming works in partnership with the INRIA (national institute for research in computer science and control) in order to solve the model driven issues
Since 2009, Oseo has been doing a great job in supporting our R&D work. They have given us the opportunity to validate the feasibility of our concept. Now they are helping us to implement solutions.
Pod programming is a JEI (young innovative enterprise).


Quality Checker is a new type of DPU introduced recently, to raise the significance of quality assurance during data processing.
When you develop a data processing pipeline with strict data governance policies, the output data is required to conform to certain rules and constraints. These rules do not only enforce at data model and data schema level, but also inspect data at content level. Therefore quality checkers are introduced to inspect the data and react depending on constraint satisfactions. They directly forward the data from input channel to output channel after any inspection operation without modifying the original data. They then stop the pipeline execution or produce an exception report as additional output when constraints are not satisfied.
At this time, one RDF data checker exists, driven by SPARQL ask queries.


SideSync Apk: If you have a computer and a mobile device, you know how difficult it is to transfer data. The transfer rate is sometimes extremely disappointing. Often, the transfer completely breaks down. Which is why Samsung, the South Korean OEM giant, has decided to come up with the SideSync App, a great free app which can transfer data, windows, and screens between a PC and a Samsung Galaxy smartphone. SideSync Apk Download also works great in transferring such essential data between other devices including between a Samsung Galaxy Tab and a Galaxy smartphone. The SideSync download for PC is also possible.
Very often, customers who purchase a Samsung Galaxy smartphone also buy a related Galaxy Tab as well, as they can easily work in conjunction with each other. Also, these devices use more or less the same accessories, which also helps in the long run. Besides, the devices have more or less the same features, which makes them inter-operable.
On this page, we shall inform you of the latest version of the SideSync app and the features of what is popularly known as Samsung SideSync, although it works on a multiplicity of devices.
SideSync App Features: Why Download SideSync Apk?
The SideSync Apk has a lot of great features. We will list them here for you.
- Mobile Phone Screen Sharing: SideSync For PC makes the mobile screen replicable on a computer screen. This is possible using the Screen Sharing feature, where whatever is on the screen of the smaller device (in this case, a smartphone) is visible on the bigger device. You can effectively control your Android device from your PC itself. This means that you have a much bigger screen, a physical keyboard, and a mouse to control whatever is on your phone or tablet. It doesn’t get any simpler than this.
- Navigability to the desired screen is possible using the ‘Favorites’ features on the dashboard. In effect, you have better control over the mobile device as well.
- Once you have started using the SideSync app, you can automatically share the keyboard and the mouse. This helps in faster and better functionality. Once you have activated the Keyboard & Mouse Sharing Mode, you can effectively use the Android device as you default PC monitor. This is useful especially when the keyboard and the mouse are being used simultaneously. This feature will let you use the PC and the Android device simultaneously.
- Besides, there are some extra features as well. Using the SideSync Apk, you can also answer and make calls and send text messages from your Samsung Galaxy Tablet. This allows for seamless transfer between two devices.
- When the SideSync feature is activated, you can easily receive all the notifications on the devices that you are using on the dashboard on the PC in real time.
- The Internet Sharing feature is something which we consider to be a USP of the app. You can easily share URLs on your Galaxy Tablets and the PCs when the software is activated. So, if you have hooked up your Galaxy Tablet (Note 2, and the S3 & S4) to a PC, you can transfer the URL from one device to the other.
- Lastly, you can seamlessly transfer music and videos from your device to the PC and vice versa. You can also play the media content on different devices using just your PC.
Also Read: Download ES File Explorer Apk and manage your files with ease.
SideSync Apk System Requirements
Like We said earlier, the SideSync app is useful for almost all the existing operating systems. In case you wish to use it on the Windows PC, the system requirements are:
- Windows OS supported are Windows XP, Windows 7, 8, and 10.
- At least 1GB of RAM is recommended.
- At least 500 MB of free hard drive space is recommended.
- CPU: We recommend at least the Intel Core 2 Duo 2.0 GHz processor.
SideSync for Android: System Requirements
The app works on most devices running the following Android OS versions.
- On a smartphone, you will need a minimum of Android KitKat (4.4) or higher.
- On a tablet, the Android Lollipop (5.0) OS is recommended.
NOTE: 1. On the Note 2 NE6, some features may not work properly. In order to get the maximum benefit out of the app, you must update the device. To do so, check the device’s software version which you can do checking the last three digits of the device. You will get the three digits by following these steps: Settings > More > About device.
2. The drag and drop feature might not be available on some older models. On devices manufactured/sold previous to the Galaxy Note 3 (the Note 2, and the S3 and S4), this feature will not be applicable.
3. On some mirrored tablets and PCs, some of the smartphone’s services may not work. Services may include NFC and some sensors.
Also Read: Download Popcorn Time Apk and stream your favorite movies on most platforms.
Download SideSync Apk for Android Devices
You can download the SideSync Apk for Android devices from this page. Note that it is best if you download the latest version of the Apk file.
|SideSync Apk Latest Version||220.127.116.11|
|Last Updated||30 October 2017|
|Minimum Android Version Supported||Android 4.4 (KitKat)|
|Targeted Android Version||Android 7.0 (Nougat)|
|What's New||Some bugs have been fixed|
Why Download Apk Files?
You can ask why you need to download an Apk file when the app is available in the official play store. To answer that query, there are three major advantages of an Apk file over the official app.
- The Apk file is much smaller than any of the comparable Android apps. This takes up lesser space than their official counterparts.
- The official app may not be available for all the countries. The Apk file solves that issue.
- Updates are much faster when you download an install an Apk file. Official apps might need some time to be updated.
We provide all the latest updates on the SideSync Apk file from time to time. So, stay tuned to this page. We host the latest version of the software as well, and it is completely malware-free. So, in order to be on the top of your game whenever you need to send files from one device to the other, you can choose to use the app.


LED panel lights are a type of lighting fixture designed to be fixed on ceiling. They are one of best lighting options for indoor settings. The LED technology has been widely used for quite some time now, but panel lights that use the technology are fairly new to the market, and are gaining ground due to the sleek look, and innovative features and design.
Approx Price : Rs 300 / Piece
Price Range : Rs 300-2000
|Certification||CE, BIS Approved Control Gear|
|Color||Cool White, Warm White|
|Light Luminous Flux (lm)||120-2250lm|


Restaurant and Call Center System Hardware
3M MicroTouch Display M1500SS (15")
The 3M® MicroTouch Display M1500SS 15" LCD Touch Monitor delivers maximum touch stability. The patented design uses a spine, yoke and positive locking mechanism to keep the display head in place under rapid transactional input. A keyhole pattern in the base provides additional security and stability when needed.
The M1500SS uses the 3M MicroTouch System SCT3250EX (surface capacitive touch technology) which provides superior optics, durability from contaminants like dust, liquid and grime and speed for high transaction based environments.
Epson TM-T88IV Receipt Printer
The TM-T88IV POS thermal printer is the latest addition to Epson's® innovative, industry-leading TM-T88 POS printer series. Designed specifically for high-volume retail and hospitality environments, the TM-T88IV delivers more speed and more reliability than ever before. It offers 25% faster printing of text and graphics than the TM-T88III, two-color capability, new ease-of-use features and both wired and wireless interfaces.
Epson TM-U220 Receipt Printer
Epson's® TM-U220 impact printers are compact, reliable and optimized for high-speed throughput. They offer all the easy-to-use features important to the retail, restaurant and hospitality industries and two-color printing to highlight special offers, kitchen orders and impactful logos. In addition, the TM-U220 printers have been designed to be 100% compatible with existing systems that currently use a TM-U200 printer.


ASUS PB248Q - LED monitor - 24.1" (24.1" viewable) - 1920 x 1200 - IPS - 300 ...
Prekės nr.: 90LMGH001Q02251C-
- Ekrano raiška: 1920 x 1200; 6 ms
- Monitoriaus jungtis: VGA (HD-15), HDMI, DVI, DisplayPort
- Ekrano pozicijos reguliavimas: Swivel, Pivot (rotation), Tilt, Height
The ASUS PB248Q features a 16:10 aspect ratio, A+ IPS LED-backlit panel for sRGB and NTSC color reproduction; additionally, along with a 178° wide viewing angle, it ensures quality visuals and minimal onscreen color shift from almost any viewing position. ASUS PB248Q also delivers ultra-smooth visuals thanks to a quick response time - ensuring users have a lag-free viewing experience when it comes to watching movies or playing games. Games played under the PB248Q are more vivid - as all details can be seen and true color can be shown with the PB248Q. The ergonomically-designed PB248Q professional monitor comes with swivel, tilt, pivot, and height adjustments for ideal viewing position.


RTK stands for Real Time Kinematics. It offers a GPS correction signal from a base station which increases GPS accuracy for AutoTrac™ and Documentation Applications. RTK provides +/- 1 inch accuracy and repeatability pass to pass.
Here at Stotz we are intimately aware of the proper requirements for a successful RTK base station installation. We survey and check each location we build a tower on to make sure there are no obstructions or contingencies that would reduce signal accuracy. Each tower on the Stotz RTK Network is not only connected to a 110v dedicated power line, but also contains a backup power source should the main power go down. This helps ensure stellar uptime availability.
Base stations are sophisticated investments: not only do they need a Starfire receiver with SF2 Ready and RTK activations; they require building or fabricating support structures, high gain antennas, and constant assessments to be operating at their most accurate levels. At Stotz we can leverage having many customers on each tower, which makes it easier to support and fine tune the stations. We also keep the technology on the towers up to date with both software and hardware releases. Simply put, it is a solution that takes the hassle and expense off of our customer’s shoulders and places it into the hands of our experienced AMS specialists and dedicated Integrated Solutions Group.


Simulations of medical devices on touch devices, multi-screen publishing (Desktop, iPhone, iPad, Android …)
At innovation mecom, where I’m employed, we developed a simulation for training and marketing of a Dräger NIV ventilator called Carina®. It’s a small handy device to ventilate patients in hospitals. This Flash AS3 simulation reproduces all functions of the real device. So it is possible to get a real good impression of it even without using a real device.
UPDATE: The iPhone Version is online.
I did the coding of this simulation and I thought it would be an amazing experience to use this on an iPhone or another touch device.
But there is no flash on Apples iDevices. So, the first time I heard about that Adobe will integrate an iPhone packager in his Flash CS5 version I was very happy and curious about it. I couldn’t wait for that version to try it. But then, short time before the CS5 release, Steve Jobs changed his terms and conditions. He integrated only one sentence which made me sad again. Because of that sentence it is not allowed to submit apps to the app store not developed with Xcode.
But Adobe released the iPhone packager anyway and I was able to do some tests with it even if I never will submit a Flash App to the Apple Store. But Adobe was not sleeping. They did an alliance with all other mobile device manufactures. They call it the Open Screen Project. And the first result is the Flash Player 10.1 for Android 2.2 devices. So in the near future many Android and Flash enabled touch devices will come to the market.
And here is the result of my first studies with the iPhone and Android packager.
I just had to reposition some buttons because of the smaller resolution and packaged it with the iPhone packager in Flash CS5. This worked great and the result was amazingly good.
Next thing was to try it on Android. I registered for the developer beta program at adobe and tried the android packager for CS5. This works also very fine. Unfortunately I didn’t own an Android device so I had to use the virtual simulator which is really slow on my notebook. But the main thing is, that it works also without any bigger adaptions. And last week I got an iPad. And needless to say, I tried the carina app there too. It’s just a scaled iPhone version but the feeling of using it is really really good. I think it is not possible to get it nearer to a real ventilation device.
Here is a short video of the results trying publishing Flash on multiple devices (Browser, iPhone, iPad and the Android Simulator).
So I’m really curious about what Adobe does next. They announced an Android tablet with Flash Player and AIR. And then we get so much new and amazing possibilities using multitouch devices for simulating medical devices for training.


. Therefore Hence, when s → ∞. . I was just wondering how I would plot the following transfer function in Matlab: H (jw) = num/denom num = 1 denom = 1+j ( (1x10^-12w^2 -1)/1x10^4w) I just cant seem to get the denom in the 's' form and then be able to use Matlab. . An Impartiality Committee shall periodically review activities of the certification function to verify commitment to credibility and fairness.
The circuit's function is thus summarized by the transfer function. . 10. db values " 20 log 10 G To employ a db scale we always need a BASE value. . 29. From to Show term. 2. . Attempt any one part of the following: 7 x 1 = 7 (a) Describe Mason’s gain formula and obtain the transfer function of the SFG given below. ). Bode Plot Review Usually in a transfer function V o/V in has a value at each applied frequency. Step-4 Write down the equation of G (S) as follows - Here, a and b are constant, and S is a complex variable. The zero gives a positive slope of 20db/dec. plot = BodePlot (tf) plot. Example1: Let us plot the Bode Plot for each transfer function and in doing so we will see the added functionality that can be achieved from the Bode plot function in MATLAB.
. Students view the development of the transfer function for a RC high pass filter. Step 2: Separate the transfer function into its constituent parts. . The circuit's function is thus summarized by the transfer function. Locate the poles and zeros of open loop transfer function G ( s) H ( s) in 's' plane. . . The first two terms are in the form of squares in the transfer function, where log a2 is always equal to '2 log a. . Definition: The plot that represents the transfer function of the system G (jω) on a complex plane, constructed in polar coordinates is known as Polar Plot. For math, science, nutrition, history. 2022. I did obtain a lot of measurements to work out the bode plots in excel. I would like to thank Dung Huynh for suggesting changing the plot to show amplitude in decibels and frequency in Hertz. 14 (a).
. 3. . . . · d. The circuit is also simulated in Electronic WorkBench, and the resulting Bode plot is compared to the graph from Excel. . . the 1. Choose the type of bode plot you want to draw. Loading. Prof. Because transfer functions are complex-valued, frequency-dependent quantities, we can better appreciate a circuit's function by examining the magnitude and phase of its transfer function. · Now let us rewrite the transfer function in its polynomial form. . UPM D. For free materials of different engineering. · The electric filter contains resistors, inductors, capacitors, and amplifiers. · Free online 3D grapher from GeoGebra. . Cookie Duration Description; cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics: 11 months:. Step-3 Take the ratio of output to input. 5.
If you want to use the program directly, here it is: num=input ('enter numerator') den=input. Math Input. Cookie Duration Description; cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics: 11 months:. ratio UPM LPM. tf V (OUTPUT) V1" at the bottom of the screen. 001s1 0. . (s + 10) (s + 1000) 2) If input to G(s) is sin(500f), calculate the steady state output from G(s) 3) Verify the result in 2) using the Bode plots (both the magnitude and phase angle plots) obtained in. Have a question about using Wolfram|Alpha? Contact Pro Premium Expert Support ». B. Draw a line with slope -20 r db/dec until the first comer. . · Copy. 10. If not, is there any software that can? I'm using the most recent version of. plt. Examples. . Typically, if we have a vector of random numbers that is drawn from a distribution, we can estimate the PDF using the histogram tool. 14 (a). 32 Hz. . Bode Plot Review Usually in a transfer function V o/V in has a value at each applied frequency.


NOTE: AMD PCnet-PCI NICs not supported
The “PCnet-PCI II” virtual adapter is not supported in the pcn driver.
“PCnet-PCI III” is known to have issues with DHCP and perhaps other traffic.
For best results, use one of the Intel PRO/1000 adapters (e1000g driver).
Note that if you want PXE boot support for Intel adapters you will also need the Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack from https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads


Page 1, Page 2, Page 3
Asynchronous Error Motion (AEM)
Asynchronous error motion is movement of the rotational axis that does not occur at frequencies that are multiples of the rotational frequency. While the source of the error motions may be well defined and repetitive, they appear random relative to time, or they repeat at a frequency that is not a multiple of the rotational frequency. (Lion Precision Advanced Spindle Error Analyzer Version 7 Instruction Manual page 51). AEM can be caused by any number of disturbing forces acting on the rotor. Similar to the dynamic stiffness, much of the AEM in the rotational axis is tilt, so the farther the measurements are made from the tilt axis, the larger the motion magnitude. NRR or non-repeatable runout refers to the same type of motion. AEM is often measured both axially and radially and the radial measurements can either be from a fixed direction or one that rotates with the spindle. For the purposes of this paper we are most concerned with fixed radial AEM and when we use the term AEM this is what we imply.
Most air bearings easily measure less than one micro-inch AEM under relatively controlled conditions, with no load, and when the measurement is made close to the end of the bearing. The motion magnitude increases significantly, though, when a load is placed on the bearing and the measurements are taken at an axial location where activity normally occurs. Since the numbers are on such a small scale, even minor-seeming environmental disturbances can increase the motion dramatically. The vibrations from an air compressor running on the roof of a building can double the AEM of an air bearing spinning within that building. The first step to reducing AEM is to reduce the disturbing forces on and within the system. Vibration isolators on massive system foundations are often used to try to minimize the effects of outside disturbances.
The air bearing load itself can be a source of disturbing forces acting on the rotor. For example, a stack of disks in the HGA testing application imparts random forces in many directions on the rotor as it spins around. The disks in the stack are separated by layers of air. When the disks spin around at high speed, packets of air are ejected creating low pressure voids in the gaps between the disks. These voids are continually replenished by the surrounding air to fuel further packet loss. The effect is similar to tiny rocket blasts going off in the disk stack pushing on the rotor. These little pushes can create enormous AEM in the spindle.
|Figure 3 : Disk Stack|
The picture above shows a typical disk stack that might be used in an HGA testing application. Seagull has developed a way to minimize the random air packet loss (“puffing” as we refer to it) from the disk stack as it is spinning around by inserting “fingers” in between the disks that comb off the layers of air. (Patent Number 6,097,568).
|Figure 4 : Disk Stack with Fingers|
The picture above shows the fingers inserted into the disk stack to comb off the air layers before they have a chance to exhibit the puffing phenomenon. In previous tests we have seen very significant AEM reduction in a disk stack when using the fingers and in this paper we subject them to more formal tests and compare the finger effects on a variety of bearings.
The third performance quantity that we measure in this paper is the velocity modulation of the bearing as it is spinning. The velocity of the bearing is controlled by a negative feedback loop. The controller in the system senses the velocity of the rotor from the encoder signal, compares it to the desired velocity, calculates a torque response, and sends that information to the amplifier as a current command. The amplifier sends current through the motor windings based on the current command in its own little negative feedback loop and the motor applies torque to the rotor.
|Figure 5 : Air Bearing Spindle System Feedback Loop|
The figure above is a block diagram of the system. In order to improve the actual velocity of the bearing, you need to both optimize the design of the feedback loop (and the individual system components) and reduce the disturbance torque acting on the bearing.
Disturbance torque on the bearing can come directly from the bearing load. The same puffing phenomenon in a disk stack that affects the AEM also acts as a source of input forces on the bearing that fight the controller’s goal of maintaining constant velocity. The packets of air that continually move in and out of the disk stack and air layer system vary the momentum of the load, in effect acting as disturbance torques on the bearing rotor. The disturbance torques combine with the motor torque output to accelerate and decelerate the rotor. Unless the controller can sense the changes in velocity quickly enough to help reduce them, the bearing will speed up and slow down, speed up and slow down, and the velocity will fluctuate randomly around the desired value. The fingers placed in between the disks to stop the puffing phenomenon helps to reduce the velocity modulation of the bearing as well.
There are several ways in which the velocity modulation might be defined and measured. It is often expressed as a percentage of variation about the desired value. For example you might see a performance specification of 0.001% velocity error. One issue with expressing the error as a percentage is that for a given amount of fluctuation the percent error changes with the magnitude of the desired value. A percent velocity error at 10,000 RPM for example may not be straightforwardly comparable to a percent velocity error found at 20,000 RPM. If the variation remained constant at +/- 1 RPM say, then the percent error measurement will be twice as large at 10,000 RPM than at 20,000 RPM.
The time scale of the test is also an important variable in velocity modulation measurements. The velocity variation measured with a high sample rate over a very short period of time might be very different than the variation measured with a low sample rate over a long time period. Depending on the update frequency of the controller and the input frequency of the disturbance forces, the two measurements might be quite independent of each other. The spindle could be speeding up and slowing down at very high frequency, but the average velocity could seem very constant if it was examined infrequently over a long period of time. Conversely the spindle could be going through long cycles of slowly picking up speed, then slowly slowing down, which would not be noticed if the velocity was examined only for a short burst.
In an attempt to reconcile these issues with the velocity modulation measurements, we examine the spindle velocity on both a short-term time scale and a long-term time scale. On the short-term scale we measure intra-revolution velocity error using the individual encoder pulses over a relatively short sample time. On the long-term scale we measure inter-revolution velocity error using only the encoder index pulse over a relatively long sample time. In addition, instead of taking data over a given amount of time, we take it over a given number of spindle rotations, so that the data will be more comparable across a range of rotational velocities.
Another issue complicating the velocity error is frequency modulation of the encoder feedback signal. Encoders output a digital pulse stream at a frequency proportional to the rotational speed. A popular type of encoder is the incremental optical encoder, which consists of a rotating disk, a light source, and a photodetector (light sensor). The disk, which is mounted on the rotating shaft, has coded patterns of opaque and transparent sectors. As the disk rotates, these patterns interrupt the light emitted onto the photodetector, generating a digital or pulse signal output.
|Figure 6 : Optical Encoder|
Figure 6 shows the basic principle of an optical encoder. If the shaft rotates at a constant angular velocity, the markings on the disk pass by the light stream at a constant rate. The encoder outputs the digital pulse signal at the rate that the markings pass by the light stream. The controller then measures the frequency of the signal and calculates the angular velocity, knowing how many marks are on the disk. A problem arises, though, when the encoder disk is not perfectly centered on the shaft. When the disk is not centered, some of the markings are farther from the center of the shaft than they are supposed to be and some are closer. For a given shaft rotational velocity, the markings that are too far away will pass by the light stream at a higher rate than the markings that are too close. The result is that the frequency of the encoder output signal is no longer constant, but modulates around the mean frequency. The off-center encoder disk causes the output signal to vary sinusoidally.
The sinusoidal frequency modulation in the encoder output creates several problems. The encoder introduces error in the feedback signal. A very tight control loop will cause the bearing to track the incorrect feedback signal, introducing a physical velocity modulation that matches the error signal modulation. Even if a control loop is loose enough to be effectively blind to the feedback error, the error still needs to be taken into account when using the encoder output for velocity modulation testing. It can be tough, though, to separate the true velocity error from the encoder signal error.
As a solution to the encoder frequency modulation problem, Seagull has developed a special low modulation encoder with an adjustable encoder disk. With a centered disk, the encoder no longer introduces the sinusoidal error into the feedback signal and the frequency modulation is reduced. This allows for a much more accurate velocity measurement that can be used by the controller for tighter tracking or by a tester for measuring more accurate performance parameters.
Error motion in the spindle and masking errors on the encoder disk also introduce errors in the encoder output. Since the encoder disk is connected rigidly to the rotor, it feels the effects of both synchronous and asynchronous error motion of the rotor. This motion corrupts the encoder output signal just as the eccentricity of the encoder disk does. Again, since most of the error motion is rotor axis tilt, it is very important that the encoder disk is located axially as close as possible to the center of the bearing to minimize this corruption. Even if the encoder disk is perfectly centered and undergoes no unwanted error motion, though, slight variations in the transparent and opaque sectors of the encoder mask can still introduce error in the encoder output signal. It is important for the photodetector to average the signal over several of the mask sectors to minimize the effects of their variations or potential contamination. Some encoders average over more sectors than others. Seagull’s new low modulation encoders average over 9 sectors while the old Seagull encoders only average over 5.
2 Hi-Capacity Biconics (biconic geometry)
2 Standard Biconics (biconic geometry)
2 Brand A (bispheric geometry)
2 Brand D (planar cylindrical geometry)
Seagull P2 Controller for all bearings except for Brand A.
(Brand A bearings use a 512 count encoder not compatible with the P2 controller)
Lion Precision Spindle Error Analyzer:
Capacitance Probe C4-D
Capacitance Probe Driver DMT-22
National Instruments Data Acquisition board PCI-MIO-16E-1
Modulation Domain Analyzer:
Hewlett Packard 53310A
National Instruments Labview 6.0.2
Mathworks Matlab 6.1.0
Lion Spindle Error Analyzer 7.1.0
|Figure 7 : Stiffness Adapter|
Disk Stack Adapters:
|Figure 8 : Disk Stack Adapter|
9 Aluminum Hard Drive Disks 95mm Diameter x 1 mm thick
8 Disk Spacers 3mm thick
|Figure 9 : Fingers|
Dynamic Stiffness Measurements
The concept behind the dynamic stiffness measurements is relatively straightforward. In order to determine how much force it takes to displace the rotor axis, we simply introduce a known centrifugal force on the rotor and measure how far the rotor axis shifts off-center.
We introduce the centrifugal force on the rotor by imbalancing it.
|Equation 4 : Centrifugal Force Due to Rotating Imbalance|
The centrifugal force on the rotor is equal to the imbalance on the rotor times the rotational velocity “w” squared. The imbalance is equal to the mass of the imbalance “m” times the distance “r” the imbalance is located from the axis of rotation. The dimensions of the imbalance are mass-length and the dimensions of “w” are angle/time. The centrifugal force on the rotor is linearly proportional to the imbalance magnitude. If we double the imbalance in the rotor by either adding more mass or by moving the mass farther from the axis of rotation, the centrifugal force also doubles. The centrifugal force, however, grows geometrically with the rotational velocity. If we double the angular velocity of the rotor, the centrifugal force quadruples. So even small imbalances can create quite large forces on the rotor at high RPM.
We use the stiffness adapter to apply the imbalance to the rotor for the stiffness tests. The adapter bolts onto the end of the rotor and has a setscrew hole drilled through it radially. As mentioned in the background, the axial location is a very important variable when measuring and specifying the dynamic stiffness. We chose to use an axial location 2 inches from the top of the bolt heads holding the adapter onto the rotor, since this is a typical load location for many air bearing spindle applications. The setscrew can be moved radially to change the amount of imbalance in the adapter. The setscrews in the adapters (we need a different adapter for every incompatible bolt hole pattern in the bearings) have mass of around 2.5 grams. The setscrews can be moved as far as 0.18 inches from their balanced positions, so we can introduce as much as 0.45 gram-inches of imbalance (mixing English and metric units). It would not be difficult to have this much imbalance in a haphazardly placed hard drive disk stack in an HGA tester. At 30,000 RPM that relatively small amount of imbalance applies over 25 lbs of force on the rotor, so it is very important that the bearing is stiff enough to resist those high forces if you want to run at high speed. One approximation we make is that the imbalance remains constant during the tests, even though it changes slightly with the rotor axis displacement. We ignore this change, though, since it is several orders of magnitude less than the initial imbalance distance from the axis of rotation.
So after we have introduced a known amount of imbalance into the rotor, the next step is to measure how far that imbalance displaces the rotor axis as the rotor spins at speed. We find the location of the rotor axis by examining the runout of the adapter with a non-contact capacitance probe. The probe measures the distance between the probe tip and the side of the adapter.
|Figure 10: Dynamic Stiffness Test Setup|
The picture above shows a typical setup for the dynamic stiffness tests. Note that because the setscrew hole punctures both sides of the adapter, the probe cannot be placed at the exact same axial location as the imbalance because the holes would interfere with the runout measurements. So we chose to place the probe at a slightly greater axial distance from the center of the bearing than the imbalance. This makes all of the stiffness measurements slightly lower than they would be if the probe measured the same location as the imbalance. We made sure to keep this distance the same on all of the bearings, though, so the results could be compared properly. The Lion Precision capacitance probes can be used in two ranges: HI and LO. The HI range measures at a higher resolution over a shorter distance, while the LO range measures a lower resolution over a larger distance. We use the Lion Precision capacitance probes in LO range for the dynamic stiffness tests to give ourselves plenty of space between the probe tip and the adapter. We do not want the adapter to hit the probe when the runout is large.
To measure the runout of the adapter and compute the location of the rotor axis, we wrote several programs in Labview and Matlab to do the data acquisition and manipulation. The Labview data acquisition program first finds the rotational velocity from the encoder, then determines the sample rate necessary to measure the runout in 40 locations around the circumference of the adapter. We chose 40 samples per revolution because that was the maximum number that could be taken by the data acquisition card while the spindle was spinning at 30,000 RPM. The program then waits until it sees the index pulse from the encoder, then takes the 40 runout measurements and stores them into an array. It does this for 20 revolutions, so afterwards it has 20 runout measurements at each of the 40 circumferential locations around the adapter. The Labview program then sends this information to the Matlab program. The Matlab program takes the median value of the 20 samples at each of the 40 locations and calls that the runout for that spot. (We make multiple measurements at each point to minimize the corrupting effects that the AEM and the velocity modulation have on the tests.) So now the program has 40 runout measurements equally spaced around the circumference of the adapter. It then scales the data by subtracting the smallest runout measurement from all of the runout measurements. The smallest runout measurement is the smallest gap size from the probe to the adapter, which is not necessarily constant between bearings. So after all that we are left with 40 scaled runout measurements equally spaced around the circumference of the adapter, with the first measurement corresponding to the index pulse.
A perfectly balanced, perfectly cylindrical, perfectly centered adapter would leave the programs above with 40 scaled runout measurements all equal to zero. If we plotted these data in polar coordinates, we would simply see a single point at the origin.
|Figure 11 : Runout Polar Plot for a Perfect Adapter|
The runout polar plot for the perfect adapter is not very exciting. All of the points are on the origin. If the cross-section of the adapter was square shaped, however, instead of circular, but still perfectly balanced and centered, the runout polar plot would look a little more interesting.
|Figure 12 : Runout Polar Plot for a Square Adapter|
The four points at the origin of the runout polar plot with the square adapter correspond to the four corners of the square. Not all of the points are on the origin this time, but the plot is still centered about the origin. Now if we take the square adapter and simply move it off center from the axis of rotation of the bearing, the runout polar plot changes again.
|Figure 13 : Runout Polar Plot of a Square Adapter with Offset|
The plot above shows the runout polar plot of a square adapter with an offset of magnitude 50. Now the plot is no longer centered about the origin. To find the approximate center of the data, we can do a least squares circle fit to the data and find the location of the center of the best-fit circle. If we do least squares circle fits on both of the runout polar plots and take the difference between the two centers of the circles, we can, in effect, measure the offset of the adapter.
|Figure 14 : Offset Measurement for the Square Adapter|
The barely visible circular dotted lines in the plot above are the best-fit circles to the two data sets. The centers of both of the best-fit circles are shown on the plot along with a line that connects them. The length of that connecting line is approximately the magnitude of the adapter offset. In this simulation, the offset of 50 was measured as 48.
We use the same technique for measuring the displacement of the rotor axis during the dynamic stiffness tests. In the tests we use a cylindrical adapter, centered with a dial indicator, and take runout measurements on it both when it is balanced and when it is unbalanced. The difference between the centers of both data sets is the displacement of the rotor axis of the bearing due to the centrifugal force caused by the imbalance.
|Figure 15 : Typical Dynamic Stiffness Measurement Polar Plot|
The figure above shows a typical dynamic stiffness measurement for a spindle running at 10,000 RPM. The small data set and best-fit circle are the runout measurements when the adapter was balanced. As you can see on the plot, the adapter is not perfectly round, nor perfectly centered, otherwise all of the points would be on the origin. If the adapter was perfectly round and centered, then we would not need to take the initial balanced runout measurements every time, we could simply assume the initial adapter center was at the origin. Taking the initial measurements improves the accuracy of the tests in light of the imperfect conditions. The large data set and best-fit circle correspond to the runout on the adapter when it is unbalanced. The center of the adapter did not change with respect to the center of the rotor, rather the rotor axis shifts with respect to the axis of rotation. The program calculates the centrifugal force on the rotor knowing the imbalance magnitude and the rotational velocity, then divides the force by the rotor axis displacement to find the dynamic stiffness.
In addition to finding the distance between the centers of the data sets, we might also find the direction. The direction of the rotor axis shift corresponds to the phase angle. If we knew the location of the imbalance with respect to the index pulse of the encoder, plus we knew of all the time delays in the data acquisition system, we could use the direction information to map the phase angle across a range of bearing speeds to get the second half of the bode plot of the frequency response for the system. We noticed, by matching polar runout plots with physical markings on the adapters, that there is indeed a significant time delay from the index pulse signal to the time it takes the data acquisition system to take the first measurement. This means that the zero degree angle does not necessarily match up with the index pulse. For example if there was a 1 ms time delay in the data acquisition system, then at 20,000 RPM (3 ms/rotation), the bearing will have spun 1/3 of a rotation between the time the encoder output the index pulse and the time the software was able take the first runout measurement with the probe. The software continues to take the forty measurements, so it measures over an entire revolution of the spindle, but the first measurement does not exactly coincide with the index pulse. With a constant time delay, the angle between the index pulse and the first measurement will change with RPM. We found this to indeed be the case. This angle change would make a phase angle calculation more difficult, but does not necessarily corrupt the dynamic stiffness measurements. It is another reason, though, why we need to take initial runout measurements of the adapter while it is balanced at every RPM increment, before we take the imbalanced runout measurements at the same RPM increments.
Another assumption we make with these dynamic stiffness measurements is that the dynamic stiffness does not change with radial direction. We arbitrarily choose a radial location when we place the probe. It is possible for the dynamic stiffness to be slightly direction dependent, though. For example a slightly out of round stator might affect the air film properties creating changes in the dynamic stiffness. Along these same lines, we also assume that the air properties remain constant between the capacitance probe and the adapter. An out of round adapter may create air flow patterns that change the air capacitance and slightly corrupt the capacitance probe readings, but we assume these effects are negligible.
Page 1, Page 2, Page 3


22 October 2010
The 10th Annual Global LambdaGrid Workshop was held on the 13th and 14th of October 2010 at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. The home of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was an appropriate venue as this multinational experiment is one of the biggest users of state-of-the-art optical networking, and also one of the most active participants in the GLIF community. Nearly 100 people attended the event, which included managers, engineers, researchers and developers from national research and education networks (NRENs), universities, research institutions and industry around the world.
The keynote speech was given by Ian Bird of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. This is a collaboration linking computing facilities in different parts of the world in order to distribute, store and analyze the huge amounts of data generated by the LHC. It relies heavily on high-speed optical networks to achieve this, and whilst these currently have sufficient capacity to supply the existing Tier 1 and 2 data centres, there is still a need to improve automation as well as reach more outlying parts of the world.
The opening plenary session also featured Greg Cole (GLORIAD) who presented how the Taj project was extending optical connectivity to India, Egypt and parts of South-East Asia and Africa. There followed presentations from Steve Cotter (ESnet) on the Advanced Networking Initiative which aimed to build a 100 Gb/s testbed connecting three supercomputing facilities at US Department of Energy sites; from Ron Johnson (University of Washington) on how cloud computing was being utilized to process data from undersea ocean observatories; and from Steven Newhouse (EGI.eu) on the recently established EGI.eu organisation that is coordinating National Grid Initiatives.
The following afternoon and morning sessions were devoted to working group meetings that deal with governance, research and applications, and technical issues.
The Technical Working Group opened with updates on current GLIF Open Lightpath Exchanges (GOLEs), the potential new GOLEs in Egypt and Singapore, and Internet2’s ION service. This was followed by discussions on the ongoing work to develop dynamic lightpath services inside GOLEs, as well the practical applications for this. The perfSONAR Task Force had demonstrated the benefits and potential of using perfSONAR to monitor lightpaths and GOLEs, and GOLE operators agreed on keeping the perfSONAR instances running even though the Task Force was wrapped up; its leader Thomas Tam (CANARIE) being thanked for his continued efforts.
The various standardization efforts were also reported upon, and consensus was reached among the participants that the work of the OGF Working Group NSI is the way forward as the protocol for interdomain dynamic lightpath provisioning. Various implementators of dynamic lightpath provisioning software agreed to convert to pre-standard NSI right after the meeting, and to work with OGF to standardize the NSI work as soon as feasible.
The Research and Applications Working Group aims to identify research and applications that both develop infrastructure and use it, and to educate scientists about the possibilities of LambdaGrids. This session presented an overview of multi-national application and middleware experiments: an application that takes advantage of 40 Gb/s networks; an educational program to encourage student use of lightpaths in research; network tools to study end-to-end performance of streaming media; the iGENI initiative that allows disruptive testing of new networking technologies; and HPDMnet which allows the dynamic distribution of high performance digital media. The practical issues of establishing end-to-end lightpaths over multiple domains were also covered.
During the evening of the first day, several demonstrations were organized that included the first PC-to-PC transmission of a single data stream at close to 26 Gb/s speeds (which is the limit of the PCI bus rather than the network); the transmission of an extremely detailed 3D visualization of a dark matter simulation that employed multiple streams to take advantage of nearly the full capacity of a 40 Gb/s link; and dynamic provisioning of high definition media streams from Poland. There was also a demonstration of how automated GOLEs are able to establish lightpaths on demand between each other, along with a resource management framework and a high-performance packet inspection system.
The following morning, the Governance Working Group approved the budget for the forthcoming year and discussed ways of encouraging GLIF participants to become sponsors. It also discussed the promotion of GLIF at events such as the IEEE/ACM Supercomputing Conference, and confirmed the venue of the next annual workshop.
The closing plenary session saw presentations from Artur Serra (i2CAT) on how optical networks enable the broadcasting of cultural events using very high definition video; from Bill St. Arnaud on the increasing energy demands of computing devices and the challenges this brings; and from Rick Stevens (Argonne National Laboratory), who presented remotely from the US, on the projected development of exascale computing facilities.
There followed a stimulating panel session on 100 Gb/s networking. This was moderated by Jerry Sobieski (NORDUnet) and featured Lars Fischer (NORDUnet), Maurizio Gazzola (Cisco), Inder Monga (ESnet), Bill St. Arnaud, and Dave Yeung (Ciena). It discussed where 100 Gb/s networks would likely be deployed and in which environments, their energy requirements, and which applications would be able to take advantage of such networks. It also touched on what was coming after 100 Gb/s, such as terabit networks.
The workshop concluded with the traditional closing address from Kees Neggers (SURFnet), the GLIF Chair, who said:
“CERN was an excellent host for the 10th GLIF Global LambdaGrid Workshop which brought together almost one hundred leading users and providers of research networking for a two day event. The additional presence of many advanced and demanding users from the CERN community created the perfect environment for the participants to push the leading edge in lambda networking, evidenced by several successful demonstrations and many inspiring talks and discussions.”
GLIF would like to express its thanks to CERN for hosting this event. The 11th Annual Global LambdaGrid Workshop will be held on 13-14 September 2011 in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), hosted by RNP.
The proceedings of the workshop are available at www.glif.is/meetings/2010/
The Global Lambda Integrated Facility (GLIF) is an international virtual organization of NRENs, consortia and institutions that promotes lambda networking. GLIF provides lambdas internationally as an integrated facility to support data-intensive scientific research, and supports middleware development for lambda networking. It brings together some of the world’s premier networking engineers to develop an international infrastructure by identifying equipment, connection requirements, and necessary engineering functions and services. More information is available on the GLIF website at www.glif.is/


Digital Twins are often described as a digital replica of something physical. This incomplete description omits many of the fundamentals of fully functional Digital Twins. What distinguishes Digital Twins from any other digital models are the connections to the physical world. They should allow a two-way connection between the Digital Twins and what is being modeled. In other words, allow for data going from the physical to the digital and interventions going the other way.
Digital Twins can take the form of advanced spatially accurate digital representations of the real world with 3D and 4D (time) dimensions, becoming a globally powerful tool to improve our understanding of the physical environment and make better informed decisions.
Digital Twins can develop predictive capability through AI and machine learning and offer just-in-time analytics, products and services. They vastly improve the value of data through aggregation from multiple sources and shared access, leading to better information for decision-making and lower service life costs for many forms of infrastructure. Given the increasing importance and complexity of Digital Twins, sound governance and widely adopted standards are critical to their ongoing success. The drivers for Governance and agreed standards include:
As the world moves from data to models, interoperability between models is the next major issue to solve
With Digital Twins now a critical national capability and an economic growth opportunity for both advanced and developing nations, with so many different parties contributing to and using the Digital Twins resource, well established governance goes hand in hand with standards along with funding responsibilities
Digital and data tools and practices are key to unlocking substantial productivity gains and efficiencies across infrastructure planning, delivery and operations.
Innovation supported by new technologies and digital transformation requires collaborative leadership between government and industry
The Aus/NZ-hosted part of the conference will bring together some of the world’s leading digital governance experts and international thought leaders to delve into world’s best practice on Digital Twins governance and the standards required to enable successful collaboration between all stakeholders. Join us to both learn and contribute to these important discussions being held by some of the world’s leading practitioners.