Universal Temperature Controller
I have recently purchased a cooler for my pool room. However after turning it on I was disappointed to find out that it didn't cool the beer enough, the temperature was around 12°C. Naturally I didn't want to take it back as this was the last display model and it blends in with my pool room décor very well, so I took it apart and started adjusting the mechanical thermostat hoping to bring the average temperature down by few degrees. I have finally arrived at the correct temperature of 6°C. Due to usage of mechanical thermostat the temperature varies quite a lot, from 5°C to 14°C. Especially when we play pool and have a few. The door is opened every 10-15 minutes. The cooler is not large so it only takes a second or two to let all the cold air out. When this happens the thermostat does not react as the temperature it measures is off the back cooling plate which is still very cold. This is unacceptable as the beer gets warm very soon. This coupled with a manualy controlled light and lack of alert when the door is not closed correctly had prompted me to design a digital temperature controller. This is where the fun starts.
I decided to base this project on PIC16F88 microcontroller as it is common, cheap, has enough I/O lines for the design and has an inbuilt A/D converter. To complement the MCU I have also chosen LM335Z Precision Temperature sensor for two main reasons, it produces a linear output which is proportional to temperature. Both of these components are readily and cheaply available from any Jaycar or Dick Smith Electronics store.
The project had to comply with few pre-requisites that I have drawn up from the (for the lack of better words) cheap and dysfunctional design of the wine cooler controller. These are:
Proof of concept
The design proof of concept is a very important step of device development. It allows testing and perfecting the functionality of every little block of circuit as well as gives an oportunity to write and test the initial code for the microcontroller. I always use vero board to test and add to the design. It is very easy to validate and modify a working circuit. You can add and alter different circuit segments to make sure they will perform as designed as well as work together to form a final design. Any succesive changes made on the vero board are transfered to the schematic diagram. It is also very handy to keep track of changes made in a simple text file called Release.txt for future reference.
The circuit schematic is very simple and involves couple of tricks to control all the devices and sensors. PortB I/O lines are shared between LCD, buttons and ICSP. This project is my first to involve ICSP and I tell you it works a treat!!! I can't believe I haven't done this earlier. I found all the necessary information on ICSP on this great page www.instructables.com With minor modifications of my PIC Programmer I can now flash new firmware to installed circuits in a matter of seconds. This saves lots of time not to mention wear and tear on the PIC microchip by eliminating removal from the circuit for programming, this makes debugging code that much quicker. The circuit uses common components and is so simple in design that I really have nothing more to say about it.
The circuit board is double sided, and not too difficult to manufacture if you follow the few easy steps on my PCB Prototyping page. There are few things to keep in mind when soldering the components on to the PCB. If you follow the few below steps you should have no problems:
1. Solder in the via's first making sure they do not protrude too high, especially around C1 as the cap will be mounted horizontally.
2. Solder in the small components first (resistors, small caps and diodes) making sure you solder both sides of the PCB on pins that have tracks on Top layer. Check your work.
3. Solder in the pin headers and bigger components ( transistors and switches) as per step 2 keeping in mind that R1 and P1-6 are soldered on the bottom side of the PCB.
4. Solder in the remaining components leaving the microcontroller U1 and LCD last. Check your work.
5. Power up the circuit and check for +5V on Pin 14 of U1 and Pin 2 of LCD header.
6. Solder in the microcontroller U1.
7. Set R1 mid way.
The PCB should look like the bellow pictures.
The firmware is the brains of the circuit, it controlls all the functions and programmable options. Bellow is an explanation of all the programmable features included for this project.
1. Main Display screen.
Main display screen is where the controller will spend most of it's time. It displays the current temperature reading from the sensor as well as displaying current state (Active/Not Active) of the compressor relay by the means of a spinner icon on the bottom right. This screen is the default and will be returned to from any menu after 5 second inactivity. Using "Select" button will togle through the different menu screens. The software does not support negative temperature so it will also limit the temperature reading to 0ºC.
2. Minimum Temperature Display screen.
On this screen you can adjust the minimum temperature trigger for the compressor relay. In "Cooler" mode this value once reached on the Main Display will turn off the compressor as the minimum temperature had been reached. In "Heater" mode this value once reached on the Main Display will turn on the heater as the minimum temperature had been reached. Use "+" or "-" buttons to set the correct minimum temperature. As the minimum temperature can not equal or be higher than maximum temperature the software will adjust the maximum temperature to account for this. The software does not support negative temperature so it will also limit the value to 0ºC.
3. Maximum Temperature Display screen.
On this screen you can adjust the maximum temperature trigger for the compressor relay. In "Cooler" mode this value once reached on the Main Display will turn on the compressor as the maximum temperature had been reached. In "Heater" mode this value once reached on the Main Display will turn off the heater as the maximum temperature had been reached. Use "+" or "-" buttons to set the correct maximum temperature. As the maximum temperature can not equal or be lower than minimum temperature the software will adjust the minimum temperature to account for this.
4. Calibration screen.
The controller has been designed to compensate for the temperature sensor physical placement in the fridge. This functionality is a requirement as the temperature is not constant through the interior of the fridge. As you know warm air rises, or in this example cold air sinks to the bottom of the fridge. This means that temperature at the bottom of the fridge will be few degrees lower than the temperature at the top (this is where the sensor resides in this project). To compensate for the temperature difference you can use this screen and manually adjust the offset needed. You need to use a commercial digital unit to tell you the actual temperature in the middle of the fridge and adjust the readout on the Universal Temperature Controller using the "+" or "-" buttons to display the correct Temperature. Simple as !!!
5. Door Timeout screen.
On this screen you can adjust the time (in seconds) after which the controller sounds continuous beeps to let you know the door is not closed correctly. When the time is reached the interior light and LCD backlit are also disabled as the controller assumes the door is not closed correctly. This time is counted down from the point after the door has been opened. Use "+" or "-" buttons to set the correct timeout. A value of 0 will disable the beeps. Maximum allowable value is 99 seconds. This value is adjustable, however only takes effect in "Cooler" mode. In "Heater" mode the door switch and warning beeps are disabled.
6. Light Timeout screen.
On this screen you can adjust the time (in seconds) after which the controller turns off the interior light. This time is counted down from the point after the door has been closed. Use "+" or "-" buttons to set the correct timeout. A value of 0 will turn the light off immediately when the door is closed. Maximum value is 10 seconds. This value is adjustable, however only takes effect in "Cooler" mode. In "Heater" mode the light output and LCD backlit are always on.
7. Operational Mode screen.
On this screen you can set the mode in which the controller will operate. Setting this mode will change the compressor/heater relay operation. Use "+" or "-" buttons to toggle the mode.
Now that you had a chance to fully examine the software functions and the over all design features I am sure you are asking yourself "Where can I download the firmware for the microcontroller?". The Demo firmware is available here. It is fully functional with the exception of actually controlling the compressor/heater relay. You can download it and evaluate it. If you are impressed with the design of this project and want to use it to controll a fridge or a heater then you can download full release firmware from Circuit Domain Shop. If you have already purchased Universal Temperature Controller firmware and want to upgrade it to current version, please use the same form to submit your request. Firmware upgrades are FREE, provided you have previously purchased the firmware and your hardware version is supported.
The installation is pretty straight forward. The cooler is still under warranty, so I had to make sure that replacement of the original controller was reversible with minimal damage to the fridge just in case something breaks and I need to get it fixed. This is why the wiring in the photos looks (to say the least) very messy.
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Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have developed an algorithm capable of extracting data from patient electronic health records (EHRs) to show the difference in care provided by physicians and nurses. Findings were published online Feb. 9 in the International Journal of Medical Informatics.
At HIMSS 2018, Nuance Communications and Epic announced a partnership that will integrate Nuance's new artificial intelligence (AI)-powered virtual assistant platform into Epic’s electronic health record (EHR).
Researchers established a system of alerts based on electronic medical records to identify patients who qualify for cardiac rehabilitation at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. In just nine months, the program boosted referral rates from 12 percent to 75 percent.
Acuant will partner with Healthpac, a provider of medical billing and practice management software, to develop an integrated automatic identity information system to reduce wait times during patient intake.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School have developed a method of extracting symptom information from electronic health records (EHRs) to allow physicians to identify psychiatric disorders missed in traditional sources of clinical data. Findings were presented in Biological Psychiatry.
The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) has written a letter to CMS and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) with recommendations to reduce clinician burden.
Researchers have used data collected from patient electronic health records (EHRs) to train a machine learning algorithm to predict the onset of hypertension in individuals in the next year, according to a study published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research.
Allscripts has certified Luma Health’s patient communication platform as a part of the Allscripts Developer Program, enabling Allscripts electronic health record (EHR) users to automate patient-provider communication with text-first action.
A natural language processing system that defines medical jargon for patients viewing electronic health record (EHR) notes through portals could improve care outcomes, according to a study published in Journal of Medical Internet Research.
Medical scribes in charge of electronic health record (EHR) documentation could reduce physician burnout and restore joy to practicing, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine.
Researchers have developed a natural language processing (NLP) system capable of measuring the quality of heart failure inpatient care by analyzing data collected from electronic health records (EHRs), according to a study published in JMIR Medical Informatics.
Choosing an electronic health record (EHR) vendor can determine a hospital's ability to improve performance based on meaningful use criteria, according to a study published in the Journal of Informatics in Health and Biomedicine.


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1220,00 € TTC
The DJI BS60 Charging Station manages up to 8 TB60 batteries and 4 WB37 remote control batteries, while fast charging lets you carry out your missions without running out of power.
8 in stock (can be backordered)
— OR —
The high-capacity, hot-swappable DJI TB60 smart flight battery allows operators to change batteries without shutting down, saving time during critical missions.
(note the price is for a single battery even if the photo shows two)
Only compatible with DJI Matrice 300 RTK.
Dimensions: 510×403×252 mm
Weight without battery: 8.37 kg (18 lbs)
Maximum Load: 12 kg (26 lbs)
100-120 V, 70 mins
220-240 V, 60 mins
Maximum Input Power: 1,070 W
Operating Temperature: -20 ~ +40°C (-68 ~ +104°F)


Expansion Bus Decoding b0-7 Register
|Short Description||When expansion bus is enabled: Internal ports decoding mask|
|7||Masking decoding: Kempston Joystick 2, Joystick I/O ($xx37 / 55) (also MD2 controller)|
|6||Masking decoding: Kempston Joystick ($xx1F / 31) (also MD1 controller)|
|5||Masking decoding: Datagear DMA Port ($xx6B / 107)|
|4||Masking decoding: +3 floating bus|
|3||Masking decoding: Plus 3 Memory Paging Control ($1FFD / 8189)|
|2||Masking decoding: Next Memory Bank Select ($DFFD / 57341)|
|1||Masking decoding: Memory Paging Control ($7FFD / 32765)|
|0||Masking decoding: Timex Sinclair Video Mode Control ($xxFF / 255)|
since core3.1.1: all bits are set to 1 when: soft reset and bit 31 is clear OR hard reset and bit 31 is set (otherwise content is kept intact).
All bits are set to 1 upon hard reset.
When the expansion bus is on, the expansion port decoding mask (Next Registers $86-$89) is logically ANDed with the internal enables (Next Registers $82-$85). A zero bit indicates the internal device is disabled.
If the expansion bus is on, this allows I/O cycles for disabled internal ports to propagate to the expansion bus, otherwise corresponding I/O cycles to the expansion bus are filtered.
(note: Next registers with number higher than $7F are inaccessible from Copper code)


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ZA10KT was designed to help any business effectively screen at the entrance with the most versatile means possible. Not only it can measure the body temperature instantly and accurately it can simultaneously verify the identity of a person. The cloud connection allows remote setting the alert temperature and notification to security managers.


BenQ’s latest monitors which come with the bluelight function are apparently great for eyecare and have the ability to reduce the risks of experiencing headaches due to prolonged eyestrain from staring at PC screens for long hours at a time. Besides that, one of BenQ’s flagship models (the BenQ EW2440L) does not come with the inferior PWM technology. One of their best monitors would be the BenQ XL2420Z, which boasts a response time of less than 4 ms when cranked up to 144 Hz of refresh rates. Of course, there are other similar gaming monitors that perform just as well and you can use this table to compare your options. Just in case you didn’t know, PWM is most commonly used in lower cost LED monitors, which essentially turns the backlight of the display on and off periodically in order to maintain a lower brightness level that supposedly helps reduces eyestrain.


|Tips.com||Tips and Tricks for getting the most out of Skype|
|This site is dedicated to learning about Skype and how to get the most out of using Skype. We have tips, articles, products, product ratings and suggestions so you can easily use Skype to its' full capabilities.|
|Home 'Skype' in the news Doing more with Skype Skype Add-on Products & Ratings FAQ Links Contact us|
Dec 30, 2004
Use Skype to make Free Video Calls:
Using a Pocket PC for a Video Call device or as a Wireless
By: Michael Gough
Dec 30, 2004
Being I use a Pocket PC to track my appointments, contacts etc., I wanted to see what else could be done with it in regards to making it work as a Video Call or a Wireless Internet Phone device. By adding a camera and additional software I am hoping to get the ability to use my Pocket PC as an Internet phone and to send and receive video, making a two-way Video Call.
The reason this idea is attractive to me is two fold. One, while roaming around my home, I can use my Pocket PC as a Wireless Internet Phone freeing me from having to use my computer. The other is to have the same ability outside the home as I travel as a part of being a computer security consultant. To use my Pocket PC in a hotel, airport or any other Wireless Hotspot to perform free Internet Phone Calls and/or to make free Video Calls to keep in touch with my daughter, family and friends as I travel on business.
As the Pocket PC’s become faster and more powerful the ability of doing more with them than just act as a Personal Desktop Assistant (PDA) will expand as well, a Wireless Internet Phone for example. As the Pocket PC Cell phones become more available and powerful, I can see having one device to do Cell phone calls, Free Internet phone calls and fully interactive two-way Video Calls.
What to use:
In order to narrow down the selection for a Pocket PC to do both Audio and Video, I used the following decision points:
If I just wanted to do Audio only to use Skype as a Wireless Internet Phone, then I would use the following decision points:
Of course any device capable of a full Video Call could of course act as a Wireless Internet phone. The reverse however is not true.
SD versus CF Slot
Now after testing I concluded that the SD slot for a camera was very unpopular as the SD slot is a ‘pop out’ slot, so when a camera is inserted if you touch it very much it ‘pops out’ as the SD slot has this built-in function for the memory cards to come out easily as they are flush with the top of the unit, ok for memory cards, but terrible for accessories, this is a significant drawback as the camera does not stay in well in an SD slot and a reset of the device is required if it comes out.
Software needed to do a full Video Call
There are three pieces of software that are needed to make the Pocket PC into a Video Call device:
Skype recently released a version for the Pocket PC that supports any Pocket PC 2003 handheld that uses a 400Mhz XScale processor or better. In addition Skype has released a version that also supports the iPaq 6315 Pocket PC phone, though quality on the lower speed processor leaves a little to be desired.
Microsoft Portrait is a MS Research project to bring a SIP Video Call client for the PC and Pocket PC platforms. This software does, Video, Audio and Instant Messaging Chat and uses the Microsoft .Net login just as you use with MSN Messenger. In addition you can chat with MSN Messenger using MS Portrait, though you will need to install MS Portrait on any PC you want to perform a Video Call with a Pocket PC. It even integrates with MSN Messenger, so if you try and contact a user that is on a Pocket PC using MS Portrait, MSN Messenger will prompt you to launch MS Portrait to complete the Video call.
Microsoft MSN Messenger is just an Instant Messaging client. There are no real features other than basic chat.
Headsets for the Pocket PC
One unique thing about the Pocket PC is the type of connector it uses for a headset and microphone. The Pocket PC devices use a 3.5mm 4 part connector (3.5mm 4c). This is unique in that it does Audio and Headphone functions. It is not just larger than a typical 2.5mm Cell phone headset, but has more sections.
Headsets of this type with a built in microphone are not readily available in the U.S. like the ones we use for our cell phones, so an adapter like the one that ships with the iPaq 6315 Pocket PC phone (middle picture) is needed to convert the Pocket PC 3.5mm 4C jack to a standard cell phone 2.5mm jack.
I would recommend using a wired headset over a Bluetooth headset as I found the quality was far better for the wired headset/microphone than the Bluetooth, but that should change in the next year or two as Bluetooth headsets improve their design and capability. In addition not all Pocket PC devices have the headset profile required to allow the use of a Bluetooth headset. The iPaq series use the same profile as the iPaq 6315 phone, so it is included in the iPaq series of Pocket PC, an advantage if you want to use a Bluetooth headset with your Pocket PC.
Here is a list of Bluetooth headsets that work with the iPaq 6315 and so will work with other iPaq models as well. Remember your Pocket PC must have a Bluetooth Headset Profile to work with Bluetooth headsets.
Pocket PC cameras
One of the accessories you will need is a Pocket PC camera in order to perform a Video Call. The Pocket PC’s that have built in cameras like the ASUS will not work as the camera is built into the back of the unit and so can only see away from you. The camera must be able to face the user to perform a Video Call. The following is a list of Pocket PC cameras that are supported with MS Portrait.
Cameras for Pocket PC 2003
Older cameras for Pocket PC 2002
Some of these cameras will NOT work with certain Pocket PC’s. For example the FlyCam-SD will not work with the iPaq 4700 as the drivers do not support the unit. Also MS Portrait indicates the HP Jornada pocket camera will not work well with the newer iPaqs. So be sure to check to see what camera will work best with your Pocket PC. It may require trying one and returning it. I wish the CF cameras worked on the newer PocketPC’s as they would not ‘pop out’ as easily.
What I found is the Pocket PC camera’s required a lot of light – basically full daylight to have even a decent video. Also, the frame rate was very poor when using Skype along with MS Portrait. If I used MS Portrait for both audio and video, the quality was fine. It seems the speed of the processor at 624Mhz can not handle both MS Portrait and Skype simultaneously, the device was under powered for both of these applications at once. I also really disliked the SD cameras as they ‘pop out’ far too easily.
If you want to play with your Pocket PC and use it as a Video Call device or a Wireless Internet Phone, the following is a list of recommendations:
1. Use MS Portrait on the Pocket PC for both Audio and Video. Do not have any other applications running like Skype or MSN Messenger.
2. For use as a Wireless Internet Phone with Skype, use just Skype.
3. SD cameras ‘pop out’ far too easily. I wish they had CF cameras for the newer Pocket PC 2003 models.
4. Use bright light when transmitting video from the Pocket PC.
5. Use built-in Wireless and not a CF, SD or expansion pack wireless card to save battery power.
6. Each of the three applications work fine by themselves, but not together, they overwhelm the Pocket PC even for a 624Mhz processor.
7. A Bluetooth headset may be added to make it easier to speak and hear, but results will vary by device and headset. Some headsets work better with some units more than others.
8. Use a wired headset as they perform better than Bluetooth headsets
Pocket PC devices capable of being a Video Call device:
I hope this article helps you with your decision to use a Pocket PC for a Wireless Internet Phone or a Video Call device.
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In a world where 80% of mobile phone traffic takes place indoors—in offices, residential buildings, hospitals, universities, malls, hotels and airports—the need for indoor connectivity is more apparent than ever. Complex emerging technologies require solutions that must be managed continuously and are innovative, intelligent and prepared for the future.
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Today in modern life, humans make use of many objects that have certain devices that they are not even aware of how they work or what their main function is. One of these devices that is used a lot without knowing their existence is what is called a "capacitor." Many people have heard the word capacitor, but also many do not even have an idea of what it means or what is the use for it. In this research, I will concentrate on explaining the physics of a capacitor and describing the main types of capacitors that exist today. A capacitor is a device used to store charge in an electrical circuit. The function of a capacitor is much similar to a battery, but it charges and discharges much more efficiently. Also, unlike a battery, a
…show more content…
The ceramic type of capacitors is constructed with materials such as titanium acid barium as the dielectric. These capacitors are well suited for use in high frequency applications, and their shape is like a disk. The polystyrene capacitors have its name because polystyrene is used as their dielectrics. Unlike ceramic, these are not suitable for high frequency applications. Lastly, the polypropylene capacitors use polypropylene film as the dielectric. These capacitors are used when a higher tolerance is required than polyester capacitors can provide.
In contrast to capacitors using bulk dielectric, the dielectric in electrolytic capacitors is dependent on the creation and maintenance of a microscopic metal oxide layer. In comparison to bulk dielectric capacitors, this very small dielectric allows much more capacitance with the same amount of volume. However, in order for this to work properly, the dielectric has to have the accurate polarity of direct current, otherwise the capacitor will fail. Examples of electrolytic capacitors include aluminum electrolytic, tantalum, and electric double layer (super or ultra) capacitors.
In an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, aluminum is used for the electrodes with the use of a thin oxidization membrane. It's most important characteristic is that it has polarity, and it is fundamental that is correctly connected. A tantalum capacitor uses a material


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Software Engineer at CommerceIQ
I’m Rajat Khanna, a software engineer based in New Delhi, India.
I love Technology, and am a big fan of every aspect of it. My interest in Technology was born with the intriguing questions that kept arousing in my mind since childhood, about how things around work. These forced me to explore every technology around, from simple transistors to modern day LED TV’s.
I am a passionate software engineer, who is enchanted by the power of software engineering and its impact on mankind.
Today I engineer and design software systems from the ground up using the technologies I’ve learned and the tools that make it easier. Currently, I am working at CommerceIQ.


There are many properties for sale, such as M City in Ampang. Have you recently just bought a house and thinking of creating a smart home? Having a smart home has recently become a trend, especially in the Western countries. Building a smart home today is not as intimidating or difficult as it initially seemed, but it does come with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. This article will guide you through the pros and cons of having a smart home.
- Convenience of smart home
There is no doubt that smart home brings convenience to you, at anywhere, anytime. For example, having a smart home allows you to deal with electronic systems or gadgets from all over the place. You get to turn off the light, draw the shades or monitor security even when you are not at home. .
- Efficiency of smart home
With just a single touch on your mobile phone application, you get to control a few systems or gadgets. With the assistance of smart devices, you get to operate certain systems, such as the cooling and heating systems, or turn off and on the lights with just a single touch. Not only it gives ore efficient procedure in handling systems at home, it also helps you to save on your electricity bill.
- Making your home more entertaining and comfortable
The technology of smart home keeps you entertained as well. A smart home is also a great place to hang out and relax. Think artificial intelligence based digital assistants and connected speakers. These will allow you to play music, news or sports result anytime at your convenience. Furthermore, you get to control other connected devices easily as well. You do not have to move all over the house to perform various functions.
- Security and safety
A smart home also gives you a peace of mind as you can utilize your smart devies to check on your house’s windows, doors and so on so forth. You get to check whether or not the gate is properly shut with the application you have on your smart device.
- Smart products are not always convenient
The ultimate goal of smart products is to bring convenience, or to make life easier. Ideally, having a smart home allows you to be less worry about cooking, doing laundry, making coffee, or even wasting energy, since everything will be automated. However, it is not as easy as it seems. Or rather, not as convenient as it seems.
For example, smart lighting. You install a smart lighting set to turn on the light automatically as you enter a room, and turns off as you leave. To install this set of smart lighting requires a lot of setups. Is it worth your time and effort to go through this setup process when flicking a light switch is as easy and takes probably, lesser than 3 seconds?
- The convenience is not always worth it
While some smart products really keep up to their names and deliver their promises, some smart products fail. It works better as a gimmick than to truly deliver its usefulness. The robot vacuum is one of the best examples that the convenience is not always worth it. The Roomba model robot vacuum is selling at a price of approximately $300 to $1,000, whereas the traditional vacuum cleaner is only selling at the price of $30 to #100. Does it bring more convenience than a traditional vacuum cleaner? Maybe. Is the automation worth the difference in price? Not really. Many smart products that claim to “do it all” actually end up being subpar of what they advertised.
- Prone to abandonment
As the smart home industry is still in the infancy stage, chances of it being abandoned are high. Have you gotten a message from your smart television that says “app x will be discontinued effective…”? This indicates that some companies no longer want to support the smart television applications that you are using. This is because the smart home industry is rapidly changing, or improving. As they improve, certain applications or devices will inevitably be abandoned.
We have also seen many smart products on Kickstarter, but they are not great enough to be promoted as a product worth buying. Many smart devices have gone through the release, then discontinue journey.
- Security and privacy concerns
Although having a smart home does give you a sense of security and keep you safe, it does come with its disadvantage as well, in terms of privacy. What happens if your smart devices get hacked by hackers? Is your private conversation still private? Are they watching you through the smart television’s camera? The fears are still there hen it involves Internet connected devices. Anything that is connected to the Internet still stands a chance of being watched or eavesdropped.
In conclusion, technology has definitely make life easier nowadays. Having a smart home is not as intimidating. Furthermore, building a smart home can be a really fun process.


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We are doesn’t just automate the process as it is and envisions the process as it should be.


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The RP-L24 Dual Reel Power standalone adapter, allows the use of two 26V batteries in parallel in order to double your equipment’s run-time.
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The RP-L24 Dual Reel Power standalone adapter, allows the use of two batteries in parallel in order to double your run-time.
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The RPM-HS1A 26V V-Loc (V-Mount) Mini adapter provides an 8-pin LEMO DC Input, 2x RS Fischer 24V outputs, 4x D-Tap 12v outputs, 2x 12v LEMO outputs, allowing the user to power the complete rig with accessories from a single adapter.
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Hawk-Woods Reel Power 4-way 48v regulator offers high efficiency when powering 48v lighting needs. Features, 48V Converter, DC-Input: 22-30V DC, DC Output 1: 48V (500W), DC Output 2: 22-29V.
8-Channel 6A mini V-Lok (V-Mount) Wall Mount Charger – VLM-8WUSD$1,167.00
The VLM-8W 8-Channel mini V-Loc (V-Mount) charger from Hawk-Woods has been specifically designed as a wall-mounted charger that is perfect for rental houses, production crews, or camera trucks with limited space.
8-Channel Mini V-Lok (V-Mount) Simultaneous Charger – VL-MX8USD$930.00
Hawk-Woods latest 8-channel Mini V-Lok semi-sequential charger simultaneously charges four V-Lok (V-Lock) batteries at any one time.
Please allow 7 to 14 days for the order to be shipped.
Arri – Dual mini-V-Loc dual 15mm adapter – VLM-AR2USD$377.00
VLM-AR2 – Dual mini-V-Loc ( V-Mount ) 15mm adapter comes with a fixed flying lead to a LEMO 8 pin suited for the ARRI range of camera’s using this connector.
Arri – mini V-Loc 15mm hot-swap adapter – VLM-HS1USD$564.00
The Hawk-Woods VLM-HS1 mini-V-Loc (V-Mount) 15mm Alexa Mini / Amira adapter offers the user a perfect solution of using mini V-Lok batteries to power your camera and other accessories.
Arri – mini V-Loc 15mm hot-swap adapter – VLM-HS1AUSD$564.00
The Hawk-Woods VLM-HS1A mini V-Loc 15mm Alexa Mini / Amira adapter offers the user the use of V-Lok (V-Mount) batteries.
Arri 3/8 Pin-Loc mount to 15mm Rod AccessoryUSD$69.00
The Arri 3/8 Pin-Loc to 15mm Rod Accessory is the perfect hard mount accessory that increases your camera support mounting options as well as creating extra rod positions for the camera assistant.
Arri ErGo Grip Handle to 3/8″ Pin-Loc – 13920USD$147.00
The Upgrade Innovations ARRI ErGo Grip Handle to 3/8″ Pin-Loc can be mounted to standard ARRI 3/8 Pin-Loc mounting patterns
Camera Top Back Handle Extension – Skeeter Handle – 12683USD$233.00
Camera Top Back Handle Extension from Upgrade Innovations provides a more ergonomic operating handle for camera operators. Great for those awkward camera setups where there is no room for the fluid head handle.
Canon C500 MK2 Mini V-Lok (v-Mount) 15mm Bar Adapter – VLM-C53BUSD$280.00
Canon C500 MK2 Mini V-Lok (v-mount) 15mm Bar Adapter from Hawk-Woods
Canon C500/C300 mini V-Lok (v-mount) adapter – VLM-C53USD$257.00
The Hawk-Woods VLM-C53 adapter converts the C500 MKII / C300 MKIII so that V-Lok (v-mount) batteries can be used instead of the Canon BPA batteries to greatly extend run-time. Hot swap-able.
Dual V-Lok Camera Adaptor – 2x Hirose (12v), 1x Power-con – VL-XP1
Dual 14.4v V-Lok (V-Mount) Camera Adaptor – 2x Hirose (12v), 1x Power-con


This experiment helps students understand how electricity is generated at power plants. It appears in the section World of Wires.
1 iron nail
1 pkg. ring magnets, stacked together
2 pcs. 18-22 gauge wire, each 50 inches long with ends stripped
1 D battery
Students should be supervised by an adult while doing this experiment.
Make sure the compass and the nail are at least a meter apart; otherwise the magnet will directly affect the compass.
Students will observe the process of electromagnetic induction, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in order to turn electricity-generating turbines.
Questions and Answers
Touch the ends of the galvanometer wire to the positive and negative ends of the D battery. What happens to the needle in your galvanometer? What caused this?
When students touch the ends of the galvanometer wire to the terminals on the D battery, they should notice that the needle turns in one direction. This is caused by the direct current from the battery.
Is the current produced by the battery AC or DC?
The current is produced by direct current (DC); the needle moved in one direction only, just as DC current flows in one direction.
When you move the stack of magnets back and forth over the nail, what happens to the needle in your galvanometer? What can you conclude from this?
When the magnets are moved back and forth over the nail, the needle should move in one direction and then the other. Students should be able to conclude that the current is flowing in one direction and then the other when they move the magnet back and forth over the coils.
Did you produce AC current or DC current when you moved the magnet back and forth over the coils?
The fact that the current is flowing in one direction and then the other means the current produced is alternating current (AC).
What do you think would happen if you used a stronger magnet? more magnets? more coils of wire?
A stronger magnet or more magnets would make the needle swing farther or faster. So would more coils of wire around the nail.


By Tom, on November 17th, 2011
We’ve talked about making your life greener and more sustainable in various posts. The ideas have ranged from avoiding bottled water to buying solar panels. But, we have never talked about the power your computer uses and what you can do to reduce that load. You can do as little as powering down your computer off when you aren’t using it, or as much as having your computer sleep when you have touched anything for 5 minutes. My preference is somewhere in between those options and I think it will probably work for you.
1. Enable Sleep and Hibernation
Sleep is a low power state where your computer is still on. When you “sleep” your computer, almost everything turns off, but you can return to work within a couple seconds. Hibernation on the other hand, basically saves everything your doing (your session), and turns all the power off. When you turn it back on, it loads what you were doing back up and you are back to work. Sleep is short term power saving and hibernation is longer term power saving.
2. Install Granola
Granola is a free power throttling program (it’s only available on Windows and Linux at the time being). It reduces the amount of power your CPU uses when it isn’t needed. For example, if you are doing some word processing your CPU can use much less power than when you are playing a graphics intensive video game. Granola notices the CPU cycles that are in demand and adjusts the power accordingly. It keeps track of your habits and anticipates the demand so you will probably never notice its affect. Some laptops already use this kind of power management to prolong battery life, Granola allows you to use this at anytime. Granola also allows you to keep track of your power and money savings.
3. Use a Power Strip
When you are not going to use your computer for a while, you should turn it off and unplug it (this power strip will do it for you!). Almost all modern electronic devices use power even when they are off. These are called vampire or phantom loads. A few years ago there was a big news frenzy about how much power is wasted just by cell phone chargers that are left in the plug. The same issues happen with computers. A computer, and pretty much everything that turns on with a push button, is constantly using a trickle of power. If it turns on and off with a switch you can assume that it isn’t using power when it’s off. If I go out of town, or don’t think I’ll want to use my computer for a day or two, I’ll switch off the two power strips I use to power my computer and components.
This is my setup, if you have anymore suggestions on how to save some energy that your computer uses please share in the comments.


Chandrayaan-3 एक बार फिर से भेजा गया चांद पर विक्रम को
Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third lunar exploration mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
It consists of a lander and the Pragyan rover similar to
Chandrayaan-2, but does not have an orbiter.
Its propulsion module behaves like a communication relay satellite.
The launch of Chandrayaan-3 took place on July 14, 2023 at 2:35 pm IST
And injection of 100 km circular polar orbit is completed


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The Ashdown company has been taking the condition of bassists’ backs into consideration for several years, providing us with more and more lightweight equipment. The amplifiers are mainly produced and size reduced by the company, which does not mean that heavy artillery is not available in the assortment. (laugh)
More than a month ago, Ashdown gave birth to a pocket-sized (we mean that in the literal sense) practice pre-amp, which will also work for studio work. The device is called Tone Pocket. Rightly so as this baby weighs only 272 grams and, due to its dimensions (26 x 108 x 95 mm) can easily fit in the back pocket of your trousers.
Despite the small size, the company managed to fit the most necessary working tools inside the device. On the rear and front panels we can find:
- Line output
- Socket for car charger
- Socket for mains adapter
USB (the ability to load and record sound)
- Line input
- Instrumental input
- Headphone output 3-band equalizer (each band adjusted in the range of ± 15 dB)
The baby can also be powered by a 9V battery, which is enough for 8 hours of work. It is also worth mentioning that there are two chargers included in the set: a mains adaptor (10V) and a car charger (12V). The producer recommends using a set of Meters OV-1 headphones. The headphones are interesting in the sense that they have the same signal meter as those used in amplifiers produced by the company. Of course, you can use any kind of headphones.
A USB output allows us to record sound in any DAW program and, thanks to the line output, we can safely connect the preamplifier to our PA or power amplifier.


Despite not mentioning it here for a while, Ulrich Kunitz and myself have been driving forward with our ZD1211 USB-WLAN driver rewrite.
For a start, the driver is included in the recently released Linux 2.6.18 kernel, which has resulted in a drastic increase in the number of users. If you’re looking for a handy way to add wireless connectivity to a computer now and then, these devices are ideal: cheap, small, reliable, in-kernel driver, redistributable firmware.
A more functional driver can be found in the 2.6.19-rc development tree. New features include:
- LED support – the light goes blinky blink during network usage.
- Support for devices based on the AL7230B RF (i.e. ZD1211-based devices which support 802.11a). We don’t support 802.11a connectivity just yet, but you can now use these devices to connect to b/g networks.
- Out-of-the-box support for driverless devices (not even the vendor driver supports this!).
- More accurate signal strength/quality statistics.
- Many more device ID’s added thanks to people testing the driver with their hardware.
Coming for 2.6.20: ERP handling (to play nicer when 802.11b clients are in sight), hardware decryption, and more! Many thanks to ZyDAtheros for their continued support.


My original Raspberry Pi (Model B) is now acting as an awesome media centre downstairs on the main TV, streaming 1080p HD movies across my home network via an amazing piece of (free) software called RaspBMC. This is basically a heavily modified version of XBox Media Centre which has been adapted to run on the RPi, and it runs really well (on a Model B Rev 2 at least). The RaspBMC software is about to have a major overhaul to a completely new framework called OSMC which should provide an even more awesome experience, but for now RaspBMC works perfectly.
My Raspberry Pi 2 is currently running something called RetroPie, which is a nifty bit of software that runs in conjunction with the Emulation Station front end to provide a superb little emulator of vintage games. I'm currently running this on a 42" TV using an Xbox 360 controller but I plan to acquire a 3.5" tft and cram it all into an old handheld system, to make a portable games machine that can emulate all the old classics such as ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amiga, SNES, etc.. But that's for a different project (and a different blog post).
So that just leaves the Raspberry Pi Model B+. This is the unit I now use for messing about with. I haven't been doing much lately, so rather that let my hobby fade, I decided to try something new. I'd heard of stepper motors, used them in work in fact, but I had no real idea of how they functioned or were controlled. So off I trotted to eBay and blagged a few small stepper motors for experimentation. They weren't too expensive, so it's not the end of the world if I blow them up. These are the ones I bought, but that link might not last forever, so for reference they are "5V 28BYJ-48 4-Phase Stepper Motor with ULN2003 Driver Board". They were just under £4 each with free delivery.
Stepper motor and driver board
The above picture shows what you get. How they can make something like that, offer free delivery, sell it for £4 and still make a profit is beyond me, but I digress.
Anyway, how to get this thing working? And more importantly, how to get it controlled via the RPi?
After some research (you don't get instructions with the motor) I found that there are a few different types of stepper motor, and also a few different ways of controlling them. For the sake of reference (and to keep this post relatively short) I'm only going to explain how I did it with this particular model.
So the driver board needs a permanent 5V supply. Perfect, we have a 5V rail on the RPi, so we can use that as long as the required current isn't too high. The 5V rail is protected by a 750mA fuse, but that fuse also protects everything else on the board, so we have to be careful not to overload it.
As for actual motor directional control, this is where things get interesting. Unlike a normal motor where you just apply power and off it goes, stepper motors are built with a series of coils that need to be activated in a certain sequence to generate the magnetic field needed in order to turn the armature. (The armature is the actual part that spins). Having control over these individual coils means we can have very accurate control of the angular position of the armature. In fact, we can move it in tiny little steps - hence the term 'Stepper Motor'.
The driver board (the square bit with the microchip on in the above picture) allows us to send a low voltage signal which is in turn used to activate a gate which allows a higher voltage through the chip to energise a coil in the motor. Notice I said coil, not coils. This particular motor has four coils, so we have four inputs on the driver board, one for each coil.
Half-stepping and Full-stepping
Before I go any further, take a quick look at this diagram...
As you can see, there are four coils, each with an input (A, B, C & D) and they all have a common return. These 5 wires are the 5 you can see running from the driver board to the motor in the first picture. The armature in the middle is the part that spins. Without going into the theory of how electric motors work, here is the (very) basic premise of what makes this motor spin...
The armature is a permanent magnet, and as you know, magnets attract each other if the polarity is opposing. Also, when you pass an electric current through a coil which is wrapped around a ferrous bar (or torus, or any shape really) a magnetic field is generated in that medium. So, referring to the above diagram, if we generate a magnetic field in coil 1, then the armature will spin around and align itself with that coil. Then, if we turn the power off coil 1 and energise coil 2, the armature spins around and aligns with that one. I think you get the picture.
Please note that this is a very simple representation of how a stepper motor works. In reality, the armature has a a number of magnetised areas (16 in the case of our motors) which align with "teeth" that are magnetised on the stator (the part that houses the coils), but that's way beyond the scope of this blog. Plus I need a cuppa just now.
Anyway, energising the coils in the correct order causes the armature to spin. Now there is a slight twist on this. (See what I did there?) We can energise the coils in the order A > B > C > D and the motor would indeed work. It does, I've tried it. As you can probably guess, this is called "Full Stepping" and it means the armature "points" to one coil, then the next, then the next etc.. This gives us a reasonable output speed, but not much turning force (Torque). We can get much better torque, at the expense of rotor speed, by using a method called "Half Stepping".
"Half Stepping" is where we energise coil 1, then coils 1 AND 2, then coil 2, then coils 2 AND 3, then coil 3 etc... Basically creating an extra point between coils for the armature to align with. This works because of the way a magnet will align itself mid-way between two identical fields. Physics, or something.
So now obviously we need eight steps instead of four, to make our armature complete a revolution. This won't be a problem as we are going to use the Raspberry Pi to energise the coils in the right order, by means of a Python program controlling our old friends, the GPIO pins. We connect 4 GPIO pins to the 4 inputs on the stepper motor driver board and we're ready to do some coding. Note in the following picture, I've massively over-complicated things by using a piece of breadboard as a junction box. I didn't have any female to female jumper leads, so had to join some female to males. Anyhow, trust me there are only 6 wires between the RPi and the stepper driver; 2 power and 4 control.
As usual, click for a larger image
So onto the code. The easiest (although not only) way to apply power to certain GPIO pins in a specific order is by use of a list. We just scroll through the values of a list, if it's a 0 we turn the GPIO pin (and therefor the motor coil) off, if it's a 1 we turn the GPIO pin (and motor coil) on. When we get to the end of the list, we just jump to the top and start again. This will keep our motor rotating indefinitely. Here's the code...
Click for a larger view
So for those interested, a breakdown of the code..
The #import libraries section just grabs the required libraries to save us having to write code which has already been written by someone a lot cleverer than me. We need the 'time' library because we use a delay to control how fast our motor will run.
The next three sections set up the RPi, telling it we want to use the BCM standard for addressing the GPIO pins, set up a small list to tell our program which physical pins to use in this case, sets them all up for output rather than input, and then sets all their values low.
The #define sequence area of the program is the main coil control list I was talking about. If you look at the columns of 0's and 1's, imagine the leftmost column representing coil A on the motor, the second column represents coil B and so on. If you look carefully, you'll see it's actually a list inside another list. Hmm, hard to explain. The main list (called Seq) has 8 items. Each of those items contains 4 further items which are the 0's and 1's. This is known in most programming languages as a multi-dimensional array, but I might start sounding like I know what I'm on about, so I'll stop there.
Anyway, the #main loop part is, strangely enough, the main loop of the program that actually causes stuff to happen. More on that in a sec.
Finally, the #cleanup when done part just resets all the GPIO's and is good practice when using input/output of any kind on a microcontroller. Having said that, eagle-eyed readers will notice that this part never actually gets executed as the main loop is set to run continuously. The reason for this is because I only wrote this program to demonstrate this single blog post, it will be expanded as time goes on to incorporate more functions etc.
So that main loop eh? Complex? Not really. The "while True" line just means "keep going forever".
Next we run a 'for' loop using a variable called 'halfstep' that counts up from 1 to 8.
Within that loop, we run another 'for' loop using a variable called 'pin' that counts up from 1 to 4.
This next line is the meat and potatoes of it all...
...that just basically sets the right GPIO pin to the right value, depending on what point in the loops the program is. Remember 'pin' is counting from 1 up to 4, for each iteration of 'halfstep' which itself is counting from 1 up to 8. Sounds complicated to the uninitiated but nested loops are common practice in any programming language.
The 'time.sleep' line is just used to put a small delay between activating the GPIO pins. If you send the signals too fast, then cheap motors can't react in time and all hell breaks loose.
Here's a short video of it actually running...
...and one of it slowed down so you can see the LED's on the driver board representing the outputs from the RPi GPIO pins. Each LED is connected to one coil on the motor stator. The armature doesn't appear to be spinning at all in this video, but trust me it is. I had to slow the video down so much (to show the LED sequence) that the rotor appears stationary.
So that's probably one of the most complex blog posts I've made in a while. Next time I'll be making the stepper motor run in reverse, showing how we have precise control over armature position, and if all goes well and I don't burn the house down, getting two steppers to run independently on one Raspberry Pi.


measurements can be set, resulting in a plot of attenuation and phase. LinkedIn‘deki tam profili ve Fahri INAN adlı kullanıcının bağlantılarını ve benzer şirketlerdeki işleri görün. Regenerative braking. The ADXL345 is a complete 3-axis acceleration measurement system with a selectable measurement range of ±2 g, ±4 g, ±8 g, or ±16 g. The associated firmware (X-CUBE-DSPDEMO), applicable to STM32F429xx and. When to use this block? Use this block when input signal is PWM, to analyze its frequency and duty cycle. Demo File: stm32f4_advance_pwm_demo. The TIM3 timer diagram in the STM32F4 reference manual is a little overwhelming so here is a slightly modified version:. * Clock speed depends on which STM32F4xx device is used. The STM32F427VIT6 is a general purpose ARM Cortex-M4, 32bit microcontroller in 100 pin LQFP package. btcentralplus. The MAGEEC project has designed a board for high frequency measurement of energy usage. The Pozyx anchor is meant as a reference unit in the Creator series. Adaptive PWM frequency to get as good ADC measurements as possible. As an electrical engineer I take part in most of the company's projects. 2MHz) and,. If the load capacitance C L at the crystal electrodes is equa l to 10 pF, the crystal will oscillate at the following frequency:. These ICs have internal circuits for the entire operation of the pulse width modulation. Timer – counting pulses The microcontroller houses several timers that can be used for different purposes. Most manufacturers will specify drift with temperature, but only those offering precision devices will specify drift over time. The actual measurement of image acquisition and transmission shows that this terminal is highly stable and comparable in 2. The STM32F4 seems to be one of the most popular, it even has its own subreddit /r/stm32f4. You should also measure any doorways and hallways through which the furniture will pass to get to its final destination. 100-1 further divides the clock. be customized to measure the current consumption of different STM32F4 power modes, and shows how to best configure the system for each mode. Rotary Encoder Tutorial. Ahmad Hassan has studied electrical engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. The time delay is a measure of the distance from sensor to the object. Due to such high deviations I strongly recommend not to use it for the internal RTC. #1 - File: /plugins/pdoquery/PDOQuery. With 192KB of RAM and 1MB of on-board flash memory, this board also features an on-board digital microphone and a one-audio DAC. There is only one point to clear, is to minimize the. com USB Hardware Design Guide AN0046 - Application Note This application note gives recommendations on hardware design for implementing. The associated firmware (X-CUBE-DSPDEMO), applicable to STM32F429xx and. Part of the Exploring Earth Using Seismology poster. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Demo File: stm32f4_advance_pwm_demo. RTC prescaler divider register (RTC_DIVH / RTC_DIVL) During each period of TR_CLK, the counter inside the RTC prescaler is reloaded with the value stored in the RTC_PRL register. Cite This Article: Pankaj Akula , Ajith Kumar P. I know there are methods like input capture and compare etc. For light and other electromagnetic radiation, it is related to wavelength λ by ν = c /λ, where c is the speed of light. In addition to all these clock sources, the timer should be clocked with the APBx clock. First library in 2015 is here. A diode is reverse-biased when the positive (red) test lead is on the cathode and the negative (black) test lead is on the anode. generally speaking, you will need a counter and a time base: so you have the number of pulses in a known period of time. The difference of them looks like a sharp ended sine or a triangular. I am experimenting with some kind of coprocessor for ARM CortexM4 core. 000Z STM32F4 Discovery board - Keil 5 IDE with CubeMX: Tutorial 9 SPI - Updated Nov 2017 views 2012-05-06T03:59:18. STM32F4's timers have capability to make an interrupt on edge, when signal is active on input pin for specific timer. Precise Frequency measurement method on STM32F407 using gated counter. Code for onboard STM32F4. The examples discussed in this document include a low-pass and a high-pass FIR filter, as well as Fourier fast transforms with floating and fixed point at different frequencies. In some cases a single timer is sufficient to perform this task, while in others two timers may be required. How to measure RPM in a glimpse of an eye OK, we've got a series of impulses with the frequency of motor revolutions divided by number of blades, but how do we know how many rpm does it make? 1. ADC value to Voltage Measurement Hello Everyone. It converts digital binary values to analogue voltage outputs. This allows us, to measure signal in input. 5 kHz (I have edited the post to clarify that we are generating 2. (If you get confused, just look at Figure 6. So the sample and hold of the ADC can also perform a frequency translation step, saving us the need for a mixer and second local oscillator. In this chapter we will focus on input devices that we use to gather information about the world. How many max Timer can be used for any given series. Using STM32F4 as a logic analyser (SUMP/8channels/21Mhz) - (not 24Mhz) (For the moment, there is no configurable trigger, sampling frequency / buffer size. To be successful, we must think differently, act purposefully, and make the critical shift toward software-defined systems. Watchdog Oscillator (WDTOSC) with a frequency range of 6 kHz to 1. Current and voltage measurement on all phases. Although a ferrite bead can be modeled as an inductor, it does not behave as a typical inductor. The figure shows how a signal is filtered when the filter acceptance is set to 4. STMicroelectronics STM32F4 DISCOVERY Series Development Boards & Kits - ARM are available at Mouser Electronics. Buy STM32F4 Discovery LCD Extension Board STM32F4DIS-LCD or other LCD Colour Displays online from RS for next day delivery on your order plus great service and a great price from the largest electronics components. Posted on January 27, 2015 at 18:27. STM32F4 2MB Hitex ARM Continually Raising the Standard 17th to 19th of September 2013 Anders Pettersson Technical Marketing Manager MCU´s North Europe. We measure the computation cost of arithmetic operations on different data types and different (Intel64) CPUs. Current and voltage measurement on all phases. 536kHz you have to monitor the overflow value while at the same time making an accurate delay time (T). The wireless voltmeter operates in the 2. And to measure the frequency calculation. The natural frequency of the accelerometer. LinkedIn‘deki tam profili ve Fahri INAN adlı kullanıcının bağlantılarını ve benzer şirketlerdeki işleri görün. Let's consider one member of the STM32F4 family: STM32F401RE, the MCU that equips the STM32Nucleo-F401RE board. The information is valid for the PIC32MX5/6/7 as well as for the latest PI32MZ, Embedded Connectivity (EC) family. Before we can use PWM, we have to initialize timer. For this purpose I am currently using STM32f4 Discovery board. CH1-4 could be used to timestamp inputs. STM32 has internal temperature sensor so that it can measure temperature of the microcontroller itself. ST Microelectronics bibliotheek documentatie voor de STM32F4 Standard Peripheral Library. This paper describes the remote control and fault diagnosis of induction motor which is done in embedded technology and LabVIEW. Regenerative braking. btcentralplus. The measurement frequency range of the EFA-300 is 5 Hz–32 kHz, and the measurement range is 0. The real-time implementation of the SOGI-ANF has been obtained using an STM32F4 Discovery microcontroller board and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the CONFIGURATION tab, select timer and make sure your setup is as above. submitted 4 years ago * by [deleted] If you can't measure it with a cheap multimeter (with the current source disconnected) it is probably OK. Wyświetl profil użytkownika Katarzyna Macias na LinkedIn, największej sieci zawodowej na świecie. Each individual sine wave has four controls -- a checkbox to turn the display of the wave on and off. I can surely assume one of the reason you got this nifty little development board is it's computing capability at 168MHz. And last screen capture shows the DACs output that on the stm32f4 eval board as wave 1 (yellow) and my DACs 1st cahannels + or - output as wave 2 (blue). My current resolution is 10 us. Monitoring and measurement of high-frequency oscillatory transient recovery voltage of circuit breakers. The wireless voltmeter operates in the 2. PFER measurements can be made on these types of input signals. Sign up TIM5 is used to measure the LSI frequency */ LsiFreq = GetLSIFrequency ();. 6pcs IRFS7530 MOSFETs. Leading phase means, a waveform is ahead of another wave with the same frequency and Lagging phase means, a waveform is behind another wave with the same frequency. Sometimes the signal is about 1mhz away from the old position. A recent feature that has been added is the ability to locate faults on a transmission line by using measurements over a wide frequency range and using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform to provide data in the time domain—This is known as a Frequency Domain Reflectometer. R is not entirely magic. The stm32f4 is connected via full-speed usb to a pc. Some ARM Cortex-M have a DWT (Data Watchpoint and Trace) unit implemented, and it has a nice feature in that unit which counts the execution cycles. The temperature sensor is connected to ADCIN16 (channel 16). In this tutorial we will try to toggle the LED using the Systick timer. System Clock Frequency. To have an oscillation frequency of exactly 8 MHz, CL should be equal to 4. The code makes use of the older Standard Peripheral Drivers. The signal is actually being picked up by the probe cable. The ADC peripheral on the STM32 processor is a flexible but complex beast. Posted on January 27, 2015 at 18:27. Suggested Reading. How to Make an Encoder Measurement. PWM (Part 2) - Sound and Frequency with Piezo Buzzer In previous tutorial , we had fun by controlling the brightness of a LED, using PWM. ie trigger every 8 counts, period measurement now for 8 cycles. In this tutorial today, I will show you guys How to measure input frequency using STM32. FrequencyDetector: Measure frequency of analog captured signal connected to an Arduino and check for noise and mute. ST Microelectronics bibliotheek documentatie voor de STM32F4 Standard Peripheral Library. I would at some point need move to F4 but I'm still unable to communicate. It uses separate clock and data lines, along with a select line to choose the device you wish to talk to. So far as I know, my ADC is functioning perfectly, and I am able to get a reading from the desired analog input. ing the measurement in the analog domain using a scope. As with all the peripherals in the STM32 family, you must also remember to turn on the peripheral clock. In the screen below you can see the time between the two edges of the tuning word registration. +Duty (%) Positive duty cycle value, in percentage. CH_FREQUENCY is unrelated. The easiest way to do this is to connect up the frequency standard to the sample input port. The pin assignment on the STM32F4 is very. The peripheral driver library should make it relatively easy to use. NOTE: In order to achieve as fine as possible control of PWM, it is necessary to enable as high as possible duty cycle adjustment. On the STM32F4 the clocks are controlled via the RCC (Reset and Clock Control) block, it's easy enough to change the frequency, the tricky part however, is understanding all the different dividers and getting them right. STM32 is a microcontroller family from ST with a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0/M3/M4 CPU. We see that 64 bits integer is slow, 128 bits floating-point is terrible and 80 bits extended precision not better, division is always slower than other operations (integer and floating-point), and smaller is usually better. STM32 has internal temperature sensor so that it can measure temperature of the microcontroller itself. Free delivery on eligible orders. Stm32f4 Rtc Low Power Mode. Sensored or sensorless commutation. FreqCount measures the frequency of a signal by counting the number of pulses during a fixed time. Note that depending on the normalisation used with the particular FFT algorithm there may need to be a scaling by N. Hospitals in other countries use different routine frequency regimens. In the CONFIGURATION tab, select timer and make sure your setup is as above. STM32F4 Discovery : GPIO January 15, 2013 STM32F4 Discovery: Clock frequency. Current and voltage measurement on all phases. Details in Appendix V. We will interface a small potentiometer to STM32 Blue Pill board and supply a varying voltage to an Analog pin, read the voltage and display it on the 16x2 LCD screen. Signal Strength Measurement, Now Easy - AD8318. Typically its frequency is somewhat between 30 – 60 kHz. Chapter 14: Analog to Digital Conversion, Data Acquisition and Control. is it possible? how can it be done? I'm new to microcontrollers. Hello, I'm trying to control the AD9833 waveform generator circuit with the STM32F4 board via SPI. OK, I Understand. Timer - counting pulses The microcontroller houses several timers that can be used for different purposes. The table below summarizes some common features of STM32 timers. Keywords: Cortex M3, Cortex M4, PSoC, MAV and STM32F4. This allows us, to measure signal in input. Frequency measurement using STM32 April 01, 2018 dso, frequency, measure, pwm, STM32, stm32f103, STM32F4, uart. First library in 2015 is here. Sensored or sensorless commutation. Damping ratio. Regenerative braking. Hello everyone, I am new to STM32f4 board. Let f BUS be the frequency of the bus clock, and let n be the value of the RELOAD register. This is just raw code for my needs. In the CONFIGURATION tab, select timer and make sure your setup is as above. Free delivery on eligible orders. the clock frequency or reducing input frequency. 4 GHz and has a very low power consumption. STM32F4数据手册. com and affiliated websites. Stm32f4 Rtc Low Power Mode. The MCU is a STM32F401VCT6 which runs at 80MHz, and has 256 KB of Flash memory and 64 KB of RAM in a 100pin package. but the method I am using is possibly the simplest and easiest to understand and can measure a very high range of frequencies. However it turns out CooCox supports semihosting, which is a mechanism that enables code running on an ARM target (such as the STM32F4) to communicate and use the Input/Output facilities on a host computer that is running a debugger. 5A general 5A charging device. To get an accurate time measurement it is possible to read the current value of the prescaler counter, stored in the RTC_DIV register, without stopping it. If you choose to leave all changes will be discarded. 1 Ω below 100 kHz and less than 0. Offset voltage drift is closely related to initial offset voltage and is a measure of how V OS changes with temperature and time. The ARM® Cortex®-M4-based STM32F4 MCU series leverages ST’s NVM technology and ART Accelerator™ to reach the industry’s highest benchmark scores for Cortex-M-based microcontrollers with up to 225 DMIPS/608 CoreMark executing from Flash memory at up to 180 MHz operating frequency. (For digital signals you are better off going by rise time. The associated firmware (X-CUBE-DSPDEMO), applicable to STM32F429xx and. Now I'm trying to configure STM32f4 to read data from the ultrasound receiver. The time delay is a measure of the distance from sensor to the object. For example, if the clock is running at 32MHz, the countdown value is 320,000. It discusses about distance control of induction motor thereby, reducing the effort of an operator and three faults like vibration fault, temperature fault and current fault, which are facing in induction motors used in many power plants and large scale industries. STMicroelectronics. Use nops in the bootstrap to adjust the fetch alignment and to approach a min/max on the time. Handheld Oscilloscope with Multimeter based on Cortex-M Microcontroller BY POONG KA VUI A REPORT SUBMITTED TO Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (HONS) COMPUTER ENGINEERING Faculty of Information Communication Technology (Perak Campus) MAY 2016. I'm using an Arduino Mega. For this purpose I am currently using STM32f4 Discovery board. Design of an STM32F4 Microcontroller Development Board for Switching Power Converters frequency signals due to the hence an approach of measuring the plant and open loop response is. As said before, I will explore the Timer and Counter of STM32F0 using CubeMX in this post. (For the moment, there is no configurable trigger, sampling frequency / buffer size. I need to measure the duty cycle of an input pin. The example here uses the STM32F407VG found on the STM32F4 Discovery board. The comunication must be two-directional. Each individual sine wave has four controls -- a checkbox to turn the display of the wave on and off. Cite This Article: Pankaj Akula , Ajith Kumar P. sn74lv8154 is configured in 32-bit mode (by chaining together its two 16-bit counters, see the datasheet for details) and acts as the front-end directly taking in the measured frequency. เรามีผลิตภัณฑ์ 9248 STMicroelectronics ฟรีค่าจัดส่งสำหรับการสั่งซื้อตามเงื่อนไข การสั่งซื้อภายใน 20. For most common uses it is considered to have a mean frequency of 45 kHz. Apart from other hardware extensions unavailable in the early era microcontrollers, many former 8051 microcontroller users shifted primarily to more robust Atmel AVRs and Microchip PICs just for this important peripheral. Details in Appendix V. You have unsaved changes. Demo File: stm32f4_advance_pwm_demo. Part of the Exploring Earth Using Seismology poster. Measuring the onboard TCXO with the app running on my phone. I want to measure the frequency of a PWM signal. The STM32F427VIT6 is a general purpose ARM Cortex-M4, 32bit microcontroller in 100 pin LQFP package. In this tutorial we will learn how to use ADC in STM32F103C8 to read Analog voltages using the Energia IDE. The general rule of thumb is that the bandwidth rating on your scope should be 3-5 times greater than the frequency of signal you want to measure for sinusoidal signals. (the timeout may varies due to LSI frequency dispersion). To create a mountain system might take several million medium size earthquakes over tens of millions of years. Updated package dimensions (section 11. September 2019 AN4013 Rev 8 1/44 1 AN4013 Application note STM32 cross-series timer overview Introduction The purpose of this document is to: • Present an overview of the timer peripherals for the STM32 product series itemized in. STMicroelectronics is a global independent semiconductor company and a leader in developing and delivering semiconductor solutions across the spectrum of microelectronics applications. Time measurement is performed using a real time counter with a resolution equal to the MCU clock. #stm32-nucleo #!stm32f4-!stm32f401 #!timer. Please try again later. Timer initialization. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is an interface bus commonly used to send data between microcontrollers and small peripherals such as shift registers, sensors, and SD cards. Maximum external trigger frequency is 40 MHz. Code Example. Now do yourself a favor and measure the resulting SCL frequency with an oscilloscope. Updated accelerometer specifications in Table 6. Our autonomy platform and sensor components measure and control movement in a wide variety of solutions and environments. During this penumbral lunar eclipse, the Earth's main shadow does not cover the Moon. In some cases a single timer is sufficient to perform this task, while in others two timers may be required. Probe 1 is the FU_UD (yellow) and Probe 2 is the W_CLK. That is, how to measure microseconds precisely in STM32? The answer is: there are several ways to do this, but some methods are more accurate and other ones are more versatile among different MCUs and clock configuration. c in stm32f4-webserver located at /src/hardware/rtc. STM32F4’s timers have capability to make an interrupt on edge, when signal is active on input pin for specific timer. The kit provides an ultra low-cost development environment enabling fast, convenient design starts using the new devices. The ARM Cortex-M family are ARM microprocessor cores which are designed for use in microcontrollers, ASICs, ASSPs, FPGAs, and SoCs. This paper describes the remote control and fault diagnosis of induction motor which is done in embedded technology and LabVIEW. With a simple calculations, we can detect frequency of signal and duty cycle. Part of the Exploring Earth Using Seismology poster. The ADXL345 is a complete 3-axis acceleration measurement system with a selectable measurement range of ±2 g, ±4 g, ±8 g, or ±16 g. The measurement time can be important in low-power applications. To do this we will configure a Count Up mode. Order today, ships today. A recent feature that has been added is the ability to locate faults on a transmission line by using measurements over a wide frequency range and using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform to provide data in the time domain—This is known as a Frequency Domain Reflectometer. It converts digital binary values to analogue voltage outputs. 1 — 19 February 2014 Application note Document information Info Content Keywords Full-speed USB, Full-speed USB device, Full-speed USB host, USB PCB layout, LPC11Uxx, LPC13xx, LPC17xx, LPC2xxx Abstract This document describes some of the issues that you may encounter. I know there are methods like input capture and compare etc. (PS: The frequency doubling I was not found in the ST manual above, is the online search results, and the comparison of the actual result is correct. measurement of voltage using adc stm32f4 datasheet, cross reference, circuit and application notes in pdf format. The shadow time is the required time. Regenerative braking. 768 KHz RTC oscillator. The TIM3 timer diagram in the STM32F4 reference manual is a little overwhelming so here is a slightly modified version:. The base unit configuration TIM1: time about TIM1 setting has been discussed earlier. Inputs can be decimated with a prescaler (1, 2, 4 or 8). It uses separate clock and data lines, along with a select line to choose the device you wish to talk to. Stm32f4 controller built with several type of Timer with following features:-. All input into block are enabled and apply constant duty cycle value 20% to channel 1, 30% to channel 2, 50% to channel 3 and 70% to channel 4 (Ref). Good start-up torque in the sensorless mode (and obviously in the sensored mode as well). I know there are methods like input capture and. In particular, the low frequency components of a signal are more important than the high frequency components. The frequency of the periodic interrupt will be f BUS /(n+1). A oscilloscope displays voltage as a function of time. The yellow trace is connected to a ground pin on the board. Rotary Encoders are the modern digital equivalent of the potentiometer. The MAGEEC project has designed a board for high frequency measurement of energy usage. NOTE: The Period and Prescaler registers determine the timer frequency, that is how long does it takes to overflow (or, if you prefer, how often an Update Event is generated), according this simply formula:. Mouser offers inventory, pricing, & datasheets for STMicroelectronics STM32F4 Series ARM Microcontrollers - MCU. The firmware for the STM32F103 is constructed in a similar fashion, but the MCU does not have any 32-bit timers, which limits the integration time to 2¹⁶ / 800 kHz = 81 ms. New software defined radio (SDRs) products are popping up every few months these days so we thought we'd compile a big list of available SDRs as there are a few people who were bitten by the RTL-SDR bug and are now looking to upgrade. Start with a SCL frequency of 400kHz and send the slave ID corresponding to what is the default in the datasheet. by following this tutorial for STM32F1 series devices or this tutorial for the STM32F4-Discovery board). Chapter 14: Analog to Digital Conversion, Data Acquisition and Control. Without much optimizations I wanted to see how fast would the STM32F4 would program the AD9850 DDS. Capture a single cycle or known multiples of cycles and measure the elapsed time on the X axis. Basic introduction of STM32F4 Kit: The STM32F4 Discovery kit will allow the user to develop tool or applications easily. Truly realizing the benefits of engineering megatrends requires a fundamental shift in our approach to automated test and automated measurement. Sensored or sensorless commutation. This paper aims to extract the net TRV waveform imposed on the breaker contacts without any prior knowledge about the system parameters. Cortex-M cores are commonly used as dedicated microcontroller chips, but also are "hidden" inside of SoC chips as power management controllers, I/O controllers, system controllers, touch screen controllers, smart battery controllers, and sensors controllers. 08/05/2011 2. First library in 2015 is here. xyz/vi/2018/03/19/bai-6-frequency. 3) for cases where you don't need super high precision and the input pulse train isn't too fast / slow, you can use input capture to measure the frequency as well. 00 hp switching frequency(fsw): 4kHz. The Application of PWM Capture (Data Acquisition) and Ultrasonic Sensors. It is substantially composed of a piezoelectric speaker having a resonant frequency at 3. ing the measurement in the analog domain using a scope. 2, the effect of the SSCG seen by measurement depends on the bandwidth setting on the spectrum analyzer. 000Z #43: Analog Oscilloscope Basics: Making a Frequency Measurement views. In this project, we have designed a small m. 65V output analog signal result. The stm32f4 is connected via full-speed usb to a pc. So far as I know, my ADC is functioning perfectly, and I am able to get a reading from the desired analog input. In the V4 almost all of the controls are working with PC control: -frequency, amplitude, current control resistance, DUT switching and alternating. All input into block are enabled and apply constant duty cycle value 20% to channel 1, 30% to channel 2, 50% to channel 3 and 70% to channel 4 (Ref). I'm trying to measure low speeds with a 1 PPR (pulse per revolution) sensor. However it turns out CooCox supports semihosting, which is a mechanism that enables code running on an ARM target (such as the STM32F4) to communicate and use the Input/Output facilities on a host computer that is running a debugger. The microcontroller used in this paper is simple and compact in designing of PWM generator. With it, you will be able to measure PWM input signal from "other world". The ADC peripheral on the STM32 processor is a flexible but complex beast. The MAGEEC project has designed a board for high frequency measurement of energy usage. In this tutorial ,study how to use time as a interrupt to blink led on Stm32f4 Discovery Board. They are fully pinto-pin, software and feature compatible with the STM32F2xx devices, allowing the user to try different memory densities, peripherals, and performances (FPU, higher frequency) for a greater degree of freedom during the development cycle. How to measure RPM in a glimpse of an eye OK, we've got a series of impulses with the frequency of motor revolutions divided by number of blades, but how do we know how many rpm does it make? 1. Many other processors can only do one encoder. TSOP17XX is a commonly used IR receiver for Infrared PCM remote control systems. We measure the computation cost of arithmetic operations on different data types and different (Intel64) CPUs. (The prescaler register (TIMx_PSC) is set to 10800-1), and the frequency of the CK_CNT is 10000Hz. There is only one point to clear, is to minimize the. This example shows the use of timer for counting of pulses that are applied to the pin of the microcontroller. Initially, I thought it is because of my resolution, but even when I increased my resolution to 1 us, the same thing happens. CH1-4 could be used to timestamp inputs. Purchasing & Delivery Before you make your purchase, it’s helpful to know the measurements of the area you plan to place the furniture. 2017-11-25T11:34:47. Signal Processing Methods For Heart Rate Variability Analysis Gari D. The fourth button results in the Smith chart, plotting the reﬂection coefﬁcient as a function of the frequency, within the predeﬁned frequency range. To do that, I'm using STM-F401RE and its Timer_Input_Capture function. STM32F4’s timers have capability to make an interrupt on edge, when signal is active on input pin for specific timer. I am trying to implement a frequency meter on STM32F4. frequency signals and allows the measurement to be more accurate, since it is performed over multiple input signal periods. After all, there is no need to remember the names of all… Read More ». TO download the code and for more explanat. I'm using the FreqCount library from PJRC. The IEC61967 standard specifies both the narrow-band measurement and the broad-band. Speed Control of DC Motor Using PID Algorithm (STM32F4): hello everyone,This is tahir ul haq with another project. I know there are methods like input capture and compare etc. Wanting to run 7" TFT LCD I was thinking of using a STM32F4 series. STMicroelectronics STM32F4 Series Development Boards & Kits - ARM are available at Mouser Electronics. Spurious transition events due to noise or bounces can be removed using a programmable digital filter. The great thing about building with gates is the crazy speeds you can achieve by using hardware directly (as opposed to working with simple microcontrollers). IR Sensor Circuit Interfacing with PIC18F4550 Microcontroller. 3) 10/18/2011 3. ADC value to Voltage Measurement Hello Everyone. stm32f4 discovery board using a 10. Offset Drift. 6pcs IRFS7530 MOSFETs. It’s usually well described in datasheet of used microcontroller (or datasheet of external ADC) how to set the sampling rate, but I always want to confirm my calculation. Can you help me. As with all the peripherals in the STM32 family, you must also remember to turn on the peripheral clock. (the timeout may varies due to LSI frequency dispersion). Even low end digital scopes have a frequency counter function built in. Metrology and Measurement Systems is a refereed journal of Committee on Metrology and Scientific Instrumentation of Polish Academy of Sciences. It's good to know the EOG signal form before moving in to EEG signal because EEG signal will include EOG signal artifacts. Low-voltage design permits operation down to 1. This allows us, to measure signal in input. The output frequency is a non-linear function with multiple variables. How to Measure Speaker Impedance. The maximum clock frequency for the device is 400kHz, so this frequency is set in the. I would like to measure the VBAT and Temperature sensor signals using the ADC1 and the DMA, continously scanning both the channels. By now, I have written a large number of blog articles highlighting the advanced debugger capabilities offered by the Serial Wire Viewer (SWV) real-time event- and data tracing, available in Cortex-M devices, such as STM32 from STMicroelectronics, Kinetis from Freescale, LPC from NXP, etc.


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The Federal Aviation Administration gave preliminary approval Tuesday to a plan to fix the battery problems that have plagued the plane.
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The newly designed batteries will be installed in a in fire resistant steel box instead of the earlier aluminum ones.
The FAA ordered the worldwide grounding of all 50 of Boeing's 787 Dreamliners on January 16th after there were problems with the plane's batteries on two separate flights.
Analysts estimate Boeing is losing about $200 million a month in delivery payments while spending as much as $1 billion a month to keep the 787's production line running.
The FAA will allow two planes to undergo carefully monitored test flights before the new design is approved.


Find out the about parts, use and care of theodolites. Digital theodolites consist of a telescope that is mounted on a base, as well as an electronic readout.
A surveyor's theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. These measurements are used to plot boundary lines, building foundations and utility.
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A theodolite /θiːˈɒdəlaɪt/ is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes. The traditional use has been for land surveying, but they are also used place on the instrument for viewing. The modern digital theodolites have electronic displays.
A theodolite is an instrument used commonly by builders and engineers to measure precise angles, which is necessary for large scale construction projects.
Description: Digital theodolite is a modern engineering instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles, It is a key tool in surveying and engineering.
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As more and more offices across the globe close their doors for the foreseeable future and employees are sent home to work remotely, companies everywhere are finding themselves rethinking their network security frameworks. Whereas traditional hardware-based VPNs and on-site firewalls have served us well for the past 20 years, they’re hardly ideal for the rising trend in large-scale remote activity.
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DVB-T/H Signal Generation Toolkit
The MAXEYE Technologies Signal generation software is an ideal test tool for generating test signals with different configurations and under different conditions. It can be used to completely test the receiver so as to characterize its performance during design, verification and manufacturing. The receiver's performance can be verified by analyzing BER at various stages (e.g. BER after demodulation, BER after inner decoding and BER after outer decoding).
This toolkit offers standard based test solution for designing, evaluating and manufacturing Digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T/H) equipment's. Digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T/H) is the European based consortium standard for broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television. DVB-T/H can transport compressed video data in an MPEG transport stream using OFDM modulation with channel coding (i.e. COFDM). This standard is adopted in more than 30 countries. The use of COFDM with appropriate guard interval allows optimal trade-off between network topology and frequency efficiency. We support all the guard interval, interleavers and code rates specified in ETSI 300-744 standard. We also support both non-hierarchical and hierarchical transmission modes so that two completely separate data streams can be multiplexed into a single signal. Detailed set of features discussed below.
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Certbar has a three rules of approache while testing the VoIP architecture that are configured and deployed within organizations: Internal, Managed, and Online SIP Trunking. Certbar assess the VoIP network penetration testing for identifying the VoIP network vulnerabilities after determining the scope of work and a detailed report prepared, which is including vulnerabilities details with the recommendation.
Internal VoIP Testing:
A Private Branch Exchange (PBX) is connected to the ISP lines or telephony by a SIP Trunk or Primary Rate Interface (PRI). All traffic is pushed through a designated VLAN.
Managed VoIP Services:
No internal PBX is needed, only IP phones, a switch, and a router. Connections are provided through a VPN to the service provider.
Online SIP Trunking Service:
Services such as Skype, Twilio, among others, provide an easy solution for organizations that do not want to implement any of the above solutions. SIP Trunking delivers telephone and unified communications services over an existing IP network. VoIP users can make calls directly to any phone on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) without telephone lines by connecting to a compatible hosted PBX System through a SIP Trunk.