Electrical Systems Technology Courses
Electrical Systems Technology 1-2
This course teaches skills specific to those needed to enter the workforce as an electrician or building maintenance supervisor or prepare for a post-secondary degree in construction. Students acquire knowledge and skills in safety, electrical theory, tools, codes, installation of electrical equipment, and the reading of electrical drawings, schematics, and specifications. Students must meet OSHA 10 hour card requirements.
Electrical Systems Technology 3-4
This course teaches skills specific to DC electrical theory, National Electric Code, conduit fabrication tools, installation of electrical equipment, and the testing of electrical circuits. Students must have obtained OSHA 10 hour card and completed Electrical Systems 1-2. This course meets the requirements of the NJATC first-year core curriculum.
- Wind Turbine Technician
- Line Installer and Repairer
- Electrical Engineer
- Electronics Engineer
What does it take?
- Certificate/Associates Degree
- Associates Degree
- Bachelors Degree
What does it make?
- $45,970 - $91,820


Information and Communications Technology Advancements - Master of Information
Over ten billion citizens have access to the Internet annually according to a report by the International Telecommunication Union of Switzerland. When using the internet, individuals tend to use Information and communications technology (ICT), a blanket term that describes all computing hardware and software being utilized today. ICT fluency is a valuable asset in modern society, and technology now plays a pivotal role in youth development as well as the current business environment. The younger generation will reap the most rewards from ICT advancement, especially in underdeveloped regions exposed to innovative technologies.
Putting ICT in Perspective
Information and Communications Technology encompass the computing hardware and software that is currently in use. As the desktop PC loses popularity among consumers, more people are finding online information with laptops, netbooks and other devices. Of ten billion online users, almost 70 percent of them access the Internet via mobile devices. Computers are even learning to talk to each other and manage homes and appliances through the Internet of Things (IoT). Engineers work tirelessly to develop new devices and applications to solve mankind’s problems. The rapidly changing technological frontier affects consumers and industries alike. Because of technology’s omnipresence, it is important that society educates people about information and communication fundamentals.
Literacy and ICT Applications
A report issued by the Mid-Pacific Information and Communication Technologies Centers expresses the need to ensure that all citizens receive ICT training. Contemporary citizens need to understand ICT to function efficiently and remain competitive. 70 percent of employers agree that ICT fluency is a necessary skill. These skills are also needed to function in academia, and in some instances, social settings.
ICT technical support staff members are in high demand as more technology permeates society, which needs these experts to maintain the hardware and software that people use regularly. Additionally, firms need technical support specialists to remain competitive the marketplace.
ICT Impact on Industry
Information and communication technology in itself has vastly alerted the information service industry. For example, a recent Pew Research Center found that 73 percent of American adults consider themselves lifelong learners, meaning that they actively seek out new information on a regular basis. The advancements within information and communications technology has had a huge impact on the information industry as these lifelong leaners are now turning more to their mobile devices for information, whereas in the past they would rely on books, television, newspapers and libraries. To compensate for this shift, industry leaders now focus more on digital publishing and social media.
Starting with the Future
Any sweeping societal academic initiative begins with youth. Today, information and communications technology influences young minds persistently. Technology growth is so pervasive that the content today’s youth consume strongly impacts their identities. For these reasons, society has dubbed this time period as the information age. Free flowing information is impacting the way that all people view the world, and Western culture is gaining popularity globally as more people have the freedom to choose their social values. Due to ICT’s relevance, there is a worldwide push by academia to ensure that all youth receive proper technology training.
Media and Youth
Concepts, ideas and beliefs have almost no boundaries in the Internet connected world. Young minds use ICT to express their thoughts on topics such as education, politics, economic conditions and entertainment. As the population grows more accustomed to digital communications, online communication grows more expressive, meaningful and significant.
The way that youth are absorbing this information is changing as well. Content can follow users across different devices. This “always on” omnipresence makes information and communication technology even more impactful in modern society.
ICT and Academia
Learning institutions use information and communications technology to mold minds and reach wider audiences. Students who have consistent Internet access can attend online classes lead by instructors based anywhere. Online classroom participants receive more exposure to more ideas in less time. Interaction with the global student body can itself present learning opportunities. The global classroom is breaking down cultural barriers and creating a more understanding society. As technology hardware costs drop, information and communications technology is more accessible. This cost efficiency is making learning financially accessible to a wider audience.
Information and communications technology is changing society. Technology allows like-minded individuals to commune with ease. People more freely express themselves cloaked behind ICT anonymity and information flows freely on almost any topic imaginable.
Even in the least developed countries, there is a minimum ten percent connectivity rate – and that number continues to grow. Broadband speed prices have dipped down into the common consumer’s financial range. Most notably, cell phone smart device use is increasing rapidly giving more individuals Internet access.
Technology and Culture
ICT adopters often live in two worlds simultaneously: real life and the digital realm. The phenomenon has changed the scope in which people function. Many people form their real life identities based on content they have absorbed on the Internet. Information and communications technology is changing the way that people interact with one another. Adults now often turn to their offspring to learn how to operate new technology, contradicting traditional paradigms. As a result, digitally enabled children and young adults now have more societal influence than ever before.
Information and communication technology is an undeniable force in contemporary society. Technology is present in almost all aspects of life. To function in this relatively new world, it is important to understand how to use digital mediums. The younger generation absorbs ICT skills seemingly by osmosis, and they will benefit the most from these new technology innovations.
Information means more than knowledge, it means solutions. When technology, people and information intersect, society and industry benefit. You can harness the power of information with our online Master of Information at Rutgers University.


New Nikon D810. Image: whatdigitalcamera.com
If you have not had a chance to have a Nikon D800E, a full frame DSLR camera without an optical low pass filter, then you do not need to be sad, because Nikon has launched its new version, the Nikon D810. This camera also comes with CMOS FX sensor, with a resolution of 36.3 megapixels and is not equipped with Optical Low Pass Filter in the sensor, so you will get the images sharp, and the more brilliant video.
Nikon D810 will make you appear more professional yan considering a variety of advanced features you can enjoy on this new camera, let alone the D810 has been strengthened with the EXPEED 4.
Nikon D810 could also use a lower ISO, ranging from ISO 64 to ISO 12800, can even be expanded from ISO 32 to ISO 51200.'s Certainly useful for landscape photographers to reduce dependence on the ND filter to achieve a low shutter speed in condition abundant light. Once again, Nikon gives you the ease to your photography activities. Another surprise is that you get a 3.2-inch LCD screen on the back, which has also been updated with the sub-pixel white (W) as you can temukanpada Nikon D4S, a type of professional cameras from Nikon. With these features, then you will get a screen with a brighter display, without requiring more power. You can even adjust the display to match the colors in the camera, the monitor, and the final print. This feature is an added value that is adopted from high-end cameras.


💡【Drone with 360° Obstacle Avoidance Camera】Drone Intelligent Obstacle Avoidance. When switching to obstacle avoidance mode, the drone automatically detects obstacles intelligently, so when it flies towards an obstacle, it will sound an alarm and stop flying towards the obstacle immediately, avoid obstacles in all directions, a worry-free flight for you.
📷【1080P HD FPV Camera & Optical Flow Positioning Camera】The drone is equipped with a 1080P main camera, which provides the operator with a clear flight image for creation. The bottom camera is not only equipped with altitude holding technology, which enables the drone to hover stably, but also can be used to take photos and videos.
✈【More Flight Functions】The “One Click Backward” function allows the drone to return to you quickly. The altitude hold function makes the drone stable and easy to fly. One-touch takeoff and landing make it easy to control even for beginners. Flying lights / 3 speed levels / 50x zoom / photo gesture video gesture / 3D turnaround function make flying more fun.
🚀【2.4GHz WiFi FPV & Modular Battery】The IDEA12 drone is equipped with two 800mAh modular batteries, safer to use with a flight time of 16 minutes. The mini drone is equipped with 1080P high-resolution camera and 2.4GHz real-time transmission, so you can see the beautiful landscapes on your phone while flying.
💯【Safety Design & Quality Service】The RC drone is equipped with 4 propeller guards to provide safer protection for kids / beginners , a wonderful gift for kids and friends. We provide personalized after-sales service. If you have any questions about the use or the product, please feel free to contact us.


Brighthouse Management Team has led multiple R&D projects successfully. With our help and competencies, Your projects will succeed too.
Any wired or wireless connectivity challenge, we will find solution for your needs.
SW and Security Solutions
We offer complete, scalable SW and security solutions for your needs. We have strong knowledge on designing software architecture, implementing cryptographic algorithms and verifying the quality of new solutions.
We can define the full end-to-end system architecture. Make the needed system design for the actual product development.
The whole Brighthouse Intelligence team has been established from experts who have been developing high end electronics solutions for mobile phones since the 90's.
Wireless connectivity is basically our core DNA, so we have deep understanding in cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and other wireless and wired connectivity solutions used in mobile phones.
Our cyber security experts have deep understanding of security tools and backend servers supporting overall key management, SW signing, certificate creation and enabling device specific security features as well as device authentication and security data handling.
We'll be developing SW also in the future, but now targeted towards Marine industry.
Tel. +358 40 745 6599
Tel. +358 40 545 6813
Tel. +358 50 339 7788
Tel. +358 50 556 8310


5G network is safe
24 April 2020
5G networks generate lower exposure levels than existing 4G networks, neither have they any connection with the coronavirus pandemic.
Any risks posed by new technologies to the health and safety of citizens are properly assessed. This precautionary approach is already being taken into account in the initiative of 5G network deployment in Poland.
In particular, Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC sets out strict limits for exposure of the public to electromagnetic fields according to which EU exposure limits for the general public are always at least 50 times lower than the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) suggest as having any effect on health. European Commission reviews the above mentioned Recommendation under current circumstances. 5G networks generate lower exposure levels than existing 4G networks and they stay well below the safe health limits at international level and recommended at EU level.
In March 2020 ICNIRP released new Guidelines, which confirm the appropriateness of existing limits for the exposure to electromagnetic fields.
European Commission is now looking carefully into ICNIRP’s findings, and will re-examine the situation based on a review by its relevant scientific committees. What is more it currently works on the Implementing Regulation in accordance with art. 57 of the European Electronic Communications Code, which will define the constraints on a small set of physical and technical characteristics of small-area wireless access points being volume, weight, visual impact and emission power. The aim is to among others provide for high levels of public health protection against electromagnetic fields.
According to the limits currently recommended by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) exposure to electromagnetic fields is classified in the same category as pickled vegetables, and is less risky than eating red meat, night shift work or drinking hot coffee (see 2011 report).
Information about any connection of 5G to the coronavirus pandemic are false. According to a recent announcement of the World Health Organisation viruses cannot travel on radio waves/mobile networks. COVID-19 is spreading in many countries that do not have 5G mobile networks. COVID-19 is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks. People can also be infected when touching a contaminated surface and then their eyes, mouth or nose. It is impossible for 5G to have any impact on the spread of the virus.
 https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/scheer_en; +


Shown above is the intensity pattern observed on a screen 2 m from an arrangement of N-slits.
The separation between adjacent slits is 0.01 mm, and the light incident on the slits has a wavelength of 500 nm.
We observe a single secondary intensity peak between each of the maxima. These secondary peaks are one ninth the intensity of the maxima.
An arrow is drawn on the diagram indicating another position where the intensity is also one ninth of the maxima but which does not
correspond to a seconday peak.
What is the smallest distance from the center of the screen where you can observe such a point?
x = m


PS2 Phono Stage
HC1b Dual Mono Power Supply
HC2b Digital/Analog Power Supply
P3b Perpetual Power Plant
PA1 Passive / Active Preamplifier
The PA1 Line Stage uses a simple design, combining both passive and active circuitry for the best compromise between sonic purity and needed gain.
The volume control works passively until the center detent is reached. At this point, the signal is coupled with a Class A, dual-mono amplifier for up to 6db gain. Unlike typical line stages, the PA1 only amplifies the signal when gain is needed.
Connections include four inputs, one tape/processor loop and two pair of outputs.Upgrades: HC1b Power Supply
Input Impedence: 20k
Frequency Response: DC~100khz
Power Supply: 16 VAC (included)
Size: 8.5" x 6" x 2.5"
Weight: 6 lbs
Warranty: 1 year parts & labor
|© Monolithic Sound, September 2003 - All rights reserved.|


Vector graphics are mathematical ways to make graphical images and pictures on computers. They are based on vectors, which are non-straight lines, for example curved lines, polygon or other shapes. The lines go through different points on a scale, called control points. Each control point has a fixed position on x and y axes on a work sheet.
Vector graphics can be used in different ways. The earliest computer graphics were all based on vector graphics; today when you mention vector graphic in this context, most people think of two dimensional graphics. Today, the main graphics on computers are bitmaps (raster format). Vector graphics has also been used within the US military and air traffic control; laser is also based on vector graphics.


Cables | Connectivity | Tools
SkyCABLE Enterprise Co., Ltd., is a Taiwan based manufacturer. With production facilities in Taiwan and China, Skycable manufactures high frequency cables for data, audio and video, such as Displayport Cable, USB cable, HDMI cable, and fiber optic cable. Skycable also makes custom cable assembly and wire harness for industrial, medical, and automotive applications. Skycable developed innovative connectivity solutions ranging from field terminated connectors to accessories for cable management and protection. Also, Skycable has established extensive cabling tools ranging from cutting, stripping, crimping copper cables to fiber optic cable preparation.... more
- Delivering Excellence since 1992
High Speed High Bandwidth Data and Video cables and connectivity
FEATURED Product - Strain free U shape USB Type C cable for charging and video
USB Type C interface is becoming more and more popular, and we have cables for different setup and orientations. When connecting to portable displays that have USB port on the side of the device, very often the cable needs to be bend around the back of the display to avoid blocking view of the display. This cable bending could often cause contact problems, or sometimes damaging the USB port. Our patent pending angled USB Type C cable eliminates bending of the cable for this kind of use case, while maintain flexible to different display thickness!
FEATURED Product - KVM Composite cables
Not only are we specialized in making all kinds of data, video, and audio cables, our in-house end to end cable production facility and experts allows us to be one of the best manufacturers of KVM cables, which requires combined know-how across different types of cables and bond them into one sophisticated composite cable.
Protects connection joints of your cabling, also can be used as pulling protection
Rugged mechanical structure made of high impact and weather resistant engineering plastic
© Copyright 2023 SkyCABLE Enterprise Co., Ltd. - Professional Manufacturer of high speed cables and connectivity products - High speed cable well made


If you have trouble falling asleep, your late-night social media scrolling habits — specifically the blue light emitted from the screen of your device — could very well be to blame.
As health and science journalist Max Lugavere has told us, "The blue light emitted from TV screens, laptops and even smartphones causes your brain to think that it's daytime and that can inhibit, or at least suppress, the release of melatonin, which is your body's sleep hormone."
"Almost nobody is going to do the electronic curfew," Dr. Breus admits. "The solution [is] blue light-blocking glasses."
"You can still watch television, you can still actually be on your phone — supposing you're doing something relaxing," the doc explains, "and the blue light is not affecting your ability to fall asleep."
That sounds like a win-win to us.


The Reset System 3000 is the preferred choice for the energy
control of lighting in classrooms providing Automatic OFF/Manual
ON operation. The system controller can be programmed to switch
lights OFF at the end of each teaching session or other defined
period whilst allowing lights to be restored AT ANYTIME via the
existing wall switches. Installation is simple, circuits are
diverted via a programmable relay panel at the distribution board
and reset relays fitted to the controlled luminaires in the
classrooms. A small proportion of the lights should be left
uncontrolled as is desirable with all lighting control systems.
Option B Passive
infra-red presence detection systems provide effective Automatic
ON/OFF lighting control for classroom applications. A single wall
mounted detector provides sufficient coverage in rooms up to 10m x
10m. The PDS10 is a stand alone device which is supplied with a
hand held infra-red programmer whereas the System 4000 is a
modular product which can simplify installation and enable the
inter-connection of additional detectors in order to extend
coverage in unusual shaped rooms.
Gymnasiums and Dining Rooms
The System 5000 employs long range microwave detectors and is
recommended for larger areas of variable occupancy. A single
microwave detector provides sufficient coverage in areas up to 30m
x 30m. Manual switch ON of lights is recommended to avoid
unnecessary activation from 'passing traffic'. A photocell can
also be fitted to hold off the lights when daylight is sufficient.
Selected lights should be left uncontrolled to provide
illumination for initial or visiting access.
Smaller areas of variable occupancy can be effectively controlled
through the installation of either System 4000 passive infra-red
presence detectors, time delay pushbuttons or pullcords. EP Series
pushbuttons simply replace existing single gang plate switches
whilst TDP8 Time Delay pullcords can be fitted directly to surface


Satellite data offer by Imaging can be used in water applications like suspended sediments/minerals monitoring and chlorophyll mapping. Satellite spectral characteristics enable suspended minerals/sediments in water bodies to be monitored for type, amount and spatial distribution. Also, it enables the mapping of ocean color. Different types of phytoplankton in the ocean contain different chlorophyll concentration. These will appear as different colors to a remote sensor. Based on the ocean color, phytoplankton amount and types can be estimated and these can further be used to determine water body’s chemical and biological properties.
Marine applications include coastal zone monitoring, sea traffic monitoring and fisheries. In coastal zone monitoring, the satellite data can be used for coastal erosion and changes monitoring, coastal zone development control, as well as estuaries and coastal wetlands conservation. Besides that, satellite image offer by Imaging has a good enough spatial and temporal resolution to monitor ship traffic in the sea. As for fisheries, the multispectral bands detect chlorophyll pigments which then be used to identify fishing grounds and predict fish production.


In December of 2015 I graduated from the Colorado School of Mines, in Golden, Colorado, with a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. The following December, I graduated from the Colorado School of Mines again, this time with a Master of Science in Computer Science. My thesis research focussed on lightweight time synchronization for wireless sensor networks. Currently, I am at the University of Texas at Austin, pursuing a PhD in Computer Science.
In February of 2018, LegisView: United States Code was released on the Mac App Store. LegisView provides a complete federal statute viewing experience for legal professionals and enthusiasts.
Santiago Gonzalez, Vijay Chidambaram, Jivko Sinapov, and Peter Stone (2017)
CC-Log: Drastically Reducing Storage Requirements for Robots Using Classification and Compression
In proceedings of the 9th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage '17), Santa Clara, CA, July 10-11, 2017.
Santiago Gonzalez, Tracy Camp and Katia Jaffrès-Runser (2017)
The Sticking Heartbeat Aperture Resynchronization Protocol
In proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2017.
Santiago Gonzalez (2015)
Improving Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Masters Thesis, December 2015.
Tracy Camp, Marc J. Rubin, and Santiago Gonzalez (2015)
Challenges in developing intelligent geosystems (and the pros/cons of interdisciplinary research)
In proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC).


Astoria VR :- Virtual reality is something that tech enthusiasts, gamers and nerds dream about. However, technology has rapidly progressed over the past few decades and if talking about present days then virtual reality is no longer a dream, but it is something which people can enjoy and access all over the world. Virtual reality is used for many purposes, specifically for arcades and some other spaces as well. However, these days people can experience virtual reality but the availability of these gadgets is still a very big challenge.
Keeping this in mind, many companies have stepped forward so as to make at-home virtual reality gadgets and one of the most widely selling and popular products that are allowing users to experience the world of virtual reality is- Astoria VR.
It’s a 3D headset that lets you enjoy mind-blowing virtual reality experience. This device has been launched recently on the market and it helps you escape the reality and experience the wonderful virtual reality world. With this gadget, you can enjoy watching movies, games and other activities. How? Simply by using this all-new device with your smartphone. The working, features, benefits and other details of this device are mentioned below in this fair review. So just go through it so as to know what makes it WOW.
Tell me more about Astoria VR
Do you want to feel like experiencing sports the way you never did before? Do you love to play thrilling games but unable to afford their actual cost? Do you like watching your favorite movies and TV shows in a 3D mode? If your response is YES, then Astoria VR is the only thing you require. It’s a new device that utilizes your mobile phone so as to refine your experience with widely-known virtual reality.
This headset fits well with your smartphones (Including Androids and all iPhones) and uses the processing power so as to bring a 360 degree real-life 3D virtual reality adventure. It is only available on the Internet and is ranked #1 on the market due to its mind-blowing features and advantages. It can help you enjoy everything you are looking forward from outer space, national park tours, sporting events, TV shows, movies, thrilling games and YouTube videos.
How does it work?
As specified above, utilizing Astoria VR is actually very easy. First, it doesn’t require any kind of setup, as soon as you get it, you can begin using it. Firstly, before using this device you need to choose the virtual reality application. This can annoy you a little since this headset helps you to access many applications of videos, games and movies. But it basically supports Netflix, Hulu, Discovery VR, NYTVR and other VR applications.
Now, once you pick the application of your preference, just place your phone (Smartphone) into this headset. As it is compatible with all the smartphones ranging from 4.7 inches – 6 inches. This huge range permits users of varying phone types and operating systems to use this gadget devoid of any fuss. Third, when the mobile phone is placed properly, you can comfortably and easily adjust this headset on your head, using comfortable and ergonomic design foam cushion to stay well on the head.
So this is how this virtual reality device works. You really don’t need to setup anything extra when using this gadget. Just use it as directed to avoid every kind of issue. Keep reading this review will disclose many other things about this all-new product.
Talking about the product’s specifications!
Below mentioned is the specifications of Astoria VR. Read them carefully before you begin using it. This new and advanced product comes with 6 mind-blowing features which are:
- It has a 20mm Focal Adjuster Knob which can be easily adjusted
- It contains a Magnetic Front Plate that is useful for augmented reality capabilities
- For best resolution, it has 8-Layers highly durable Nano-Coating Lens
- It comprises high tensile Headband that is comfortable and effortless to carry
- For rotating distance, it has a Side Knob which is also adjustable
- It also comes with a high-quality Leather Foam and Ergonomic design Cushion
Real users’ real experiences!
- Olive E. shares “My kids love watching 3D animated movies but that costed me a lot. You can say watching those 3D movies regularly were out of my budget. Then one day I was searching over the Internet and at that time I came to know about Astoria VR, a 3D virtual reality gadget that made my kids happy and helped them to enjoy the world of 3D animated movies at home only. My kids are totally happy with this device.”
- Barry W. shares “I completely loved Astoria VR. This device welcomed me to the 3D world. I just need to fit my iPhone in it and wear it. With the help of this gadget, I was able to play thrilling games and enjoy watching 3D videos. It was easy to wear. And it is absolutely mind-blowing. This gadget helped me to escape from reality and experience the best 3D videos. Do buy it.”
Where to buy?
To avail 80% discount on Astoria VR, just purchase it today only merely by using the link and simply clicking the image which is mentioned below. Hurry up and order your pack today only before the stock ends up. When you will use the link then a form will appear, just fill it completely and wait for your package to reach within 1-3 days. So, acquire it today only!
Do I have to setup anything before using Astoria VR?
Absolutely not! This gadget just uses the power of your smartphone and works amazingly so that you easily enjoy VR world without any kind of fuss. With this dynamic device, you can say a big NO to paying thousands of dollars for complicated and gimmicky products. Using this headset will save you from special and extra computer setup that is actually very time-taking and annoying too. So, use this gadget and be ready to experience the amazing world of VR.
What exciting offers I can opt?
Presently, the makers are granting an additional 80% discount on their product. Based on that there are few offers you can go for as per your own convenience. We have specified a few of them.
- Buy one Astoria VR headset- $59 only
- Buy 4 devices for $169- (Per unit- $42.25)
- Buy 10 gadgets for $350- (Per unit- $35.00)
- Buy 15 gadgets for $525- (Per unit- $35.00)


Voltage drop is the total voltage lost to resistance forces when the electrical current is passed through a circuit. It always takes place when the voltage at the beginning of the cable is higher than the end. Regardless of size, wires will have some resistance, and passing a current through the dc resistance will result in voltage drop. The resistance and reactance of the cable increase with length. This explains why voltage drop is a significant problem with longer cable runs, for instance, in more significant buildings. The technique behind this is used when properly sizing conductors in any phase.
Electrical cables with current always have an inherent resistance to the flow of current. Excessive voltage drop in a cable can result in lights flickering or dim while motors turn hotter than usual and burn out. In such a situation, the load tends to work harder with less voltage pushing the current.
Solving Voltage Drop
To reduce the circuit’s voltage drop, there must be an increase in the cross-section of the conductors to reduce the overall resistance of the cable length. Typically, a more oversized aluminum or copper cable size increases cost; therefore, calculating VD to establish the optimum voltage is very important. It will reduce the voltage drop to safe levels without spending much.
The easiest way to fix voltage drop is by increasing the diameter of the conductor between the load and the source, which in turn lowers the resistance. Any power can be transmitted with a lower voltage drop in the power supply system if a high voltage is used.
There are four steps to reducing voltage drops:
- Reducing the load power
- Increasing the size of conductors
- Reduces the temperature of the conductor. High temperatures will resist the flow hence causing voltage drop to rise.
- Reducing the length of the conductor.
Voltage Drop Must Be Determined On Assemblies of Long Cables
In assembling long cables, it’s essential to determine voltage drop due to possible safety hazards. The reasons behind this are possible damages to cables, power loss to equipment, and safety issues.
Possible Damage to Wires and Cables
When a voltage drop occurs, it produces heat. Excess heat accumulates in the cable or wire with can damage insulation. The kind of damage caused can range from breaking down the insulation material to the unstiffening of the material, resulting in breaking the wire or cable when it’s moved or bent. This reduces the life of the wire or cable and can result in severe other safety issues. Too much heat accumulation can also damage the conductor material and cause an increase in resistance, which combines the issue, resulting in more voltage drop and heat.
Loss of Equipment
The availability of voltage and overall power significantly decreases with loss of power to equipment. When excess voltage is lost, the equipment may not work correctly or not work ultimately. For some equipment like compressor devices, or pumps, even a slight voltage loss may issue.
Security Issues of Shock and Fire
Shock and fire are the primary safety issues. If the insulator is destroyed to the extent it tears away, leaving conducting wires exposed, a user can accidentally touch the open area and get a shock. Heat builds up as voltage drop increases. Excess heat can weaken the material to the extent where arcing between conductors may occur. Prolonged accumulation of heat until a fire is produced with the insulation and nearby combustible materials such as carpet.
Apart from safety issues on long cable assemblies, some guidelines and other governing information should be followed.
This stipulates that cables are set to be derated after 50ft and 100ft to increase overheating issues due to voltage drop. Some specified cable assemblies also have restrictions on length.
NEC Rule 210.19
This needs not less than 5 percent of voltage drop at the outlet.
CSA needs more than 5 percent from the inlet to the point of use.
Requirements by Some Countries
Most countries like the UK as well have set requirements in place. So it’s always good to confirm with safety agencies if one intends to send equipment with long cables to a foreign country.
This is to determine voltage drop for requested long cable assemblies and inform the client of any possible issues when the voltage drop goes beyond 5 percent. In such cases, the client is notified about the findings, which are calculated for details regarding their application’s voltage and current usage.
Calculating Voltage Drop
There are two methods of calculating voltage drop – manual calculation and the use of a voltage drop calculator.
Voltage Drop Calculator
A more straightforward way is to search for “voltage drop calculator” online. Provide the requested details, and it will automatically calculate the percentage voltage drop together with the remaining voltage. But a lot of caution should be observed since many of these are configured for North American cable; for global measurements, use the nearest matching AWG size. This can be determined by looking at UL 62 or contacting the cable producer for help. Calculator.net offers the best example of this calculator since it also gives a cable chart on the same page that a user can easily find.
To calculate the voltage drop, one must first get the possible direct current resistance from a related standard or use the length of cable to measure the resistance. This method is not that accurate and will not give the correct voltage drop numbers but will be near enough to identify possible units.
After getting the size ohms/ft of a cable, the value must be multiplied by the assembly length in feet. This provides the overall possible resistance for that assembly. It’s just about applying Ohm’s Law by multiplying the assembly resistance value by the strong state current to achieve the voltage drop. This value can then be used with the primary voltage value to calculate the remaining voltage and percentage loss.
Voltage is just a potential variation. Since the current moves from high to low-end areas, it is therefore negative.


The process is called electroplating. . · Electro - Electric Title Sequence + 16 Lighting ElementsVideohive - Free Download After Effects Templates After Effects Version CC, CC, CC, CS6 | No Plugin | 1920x1080 | 1. We’ve all felt a buzzing or tingling sensation that doesn’t cause injury. Rick and Morty Portal Effect - After Effects tutorial. Download Electricity After Effects projects. net you can download this plugin by given link as well as sound effects electricity effect in after effects and download font.
Internal tissues are burned depending on their resistance; nerves, blood vessels, and muscles conduct electricity better than denser tissues like fat, tendon, and bone. Electrical energy flows through a portion of the body causing a shock. · Electrical energy flows through a portion of the body causing a shock. 3 Tutorials in 1! Learn how to create a stunning glitch effectthat will add a splash of action whenever you need it.
Today I&39;ll show you how to. What are the effects of an electric shock? Once applied with electric current, they become hot and the electricity produced glow as well as light. The stations are: magnetic effect; heating effect; chemical effect; electric shocks. The effect depends on the intensity of the current and the type of muscle it travels through. If skin resistance is high, energy may after be dissipated at the surface resulting in large surface burns. How to Create Hand-Drawn Animations in electricity effect in after effects After Effects. Any electrical device that may be touched by the body could be life threatening and should be properly grounded and electricity effect in after effects protected.
That’s the effect of a current as low as 0. This tutorial shows you how to use several pieces of different media to make one perfect title screen. You can choose which stations you want to get off at, and you can choose the order electricity effect in after effects in which you wish to visit them. How To Create A Faux 3D Spin Effect In After Effects. ELECTRO is an After Effects title sequence template that also comes along with 16 high quality 4k resolution lighting stock elements to use in your compositions. Motion Factory, electricity effect in after effects on the other hand, is more flexible. Magnetic effects occurs in some devices such as door bells and buzzers.
Compatible with all the languages of After Effects. Create directional electricity that interacts. After Effects · Advanced. What is electro after effects? Easy to use / Easy to customize. You can electricity effect in after effects use these cartoon Energy Streak and cartoon light effects for create 2D Animation, comic, creative Anime, cinematic scenes or any other purpose and create stunning motion graphics.
it would be better if you use transparent logo for. Make powerful 2D Cartoon FX & Real FX animations such as Fire, Water, Smoke, Explosion, Energy, Electricity, and Motion Shape FX with Just One Click! Electric shock: The effects of an electrical shock depends upon the amount of current and how long of a contact was made. Save yourself electricity effect in after effects some money on tilt-shift camera lenses and use this tutorial on how to recreate the same effects with Adobe After Effects. The electricity effect in after effects average resistance of a dry human body can be as high as 100,000 ohms, of course this varies from person to person depending on their body structure. Electric current can interfere with the central nervous system, especially over the heart and lungs.
94 stock AE templates starting at . Heating due to electricity effect in after effects the resistance of the body is the cause of electrical burns. High quality After Effects Video Tutorials for motion graphics and visual effects presented by Andrew Kramer. Motion Factory Classic is a plugin electricity effect in after effects for After Effects that work with a set number of template packs.
It is the Simple Way with the use of Saber plugin. We also learn to colorize the energy with any color and how to improvise the look of the effect. A range of things can cause an electric shock. Create even more, even faster with Storyblocks. Create stunning Lightning with realistic reflections, Simulate after realistic cloud illumination.
These effects may clear up with time or be permanent. Electric Shock (Causes, electricity effect in after effects Treatment, After Effects): Electric shock may result in no injury, or severe injury, even death. Works with any font that you want to use. How does electricity affect metals? Hi-Tech HUD Logo Reveal Template. Electricity Elements And electricity effect in after effects Titles is a great After Effects template which consists of hand-drawn frame by frame animated 30 fps dynamic electric elements with editable glow effect and titles. Many people get electric electricity effect in after effects shocks obtained from man-made objects such as electrical appliances, electrical wires, and electrical circuitry.
9 Gb ELECTRO is an After Effects title sequence template that also comes along with 16 high quality 4k resolution lighting stock elements to use in your. They have electromagnets inside. This can burn both internal and external tissue and cause organ damage. You will be able to spin a full-labled can into any scene!
Electric injury can also affect the central nervous system. Visual Effects Trapcode Particular Optical Flares Adobe After Effects Today we&39;re going to learn how to make a cool electrocution effect electricity effect in after effects that follows the contours of the body of the person that&39;s being electrocuted. · In the last few weeks, author said that “Electric Charge Logo” is one of the world-class after effects project they even fabricated on the VideoHive. Here’s an example of vector organics: If you want to learn how to create this awesome style, check out this tutorial by Matt Jylkka of Mt. Exposure to electrical energy may result in no injury at all or may result in devastating damage or death.
Open the source files in any language. · electricity effect in after effects The Effects Of Electricity Electricity or electrical energy cannot be seen, but we can be able to felt its presence because of its many effects in our day to day living. Electric Energy Ball Effect.
Four of the major effects of electricity are the electricity effect in after effects magnetic effect, heating effect, chemical effect, and electrical effect or electrical shock. The human body is a good conductor of electric current simply because it is 70% water. Free 2D Cartoon Energy FX consists of free-to-download hand-drawn, 2D animation Cartoon Energy and FX Electricity Discharge in After Effects. How to Create a electricity effect in after effects Hollywood-style Movie Title. You will get both upper and lower case letters, numbers 0-9, and commonly used punctuation and symbols. Use this wonderful FREE animated Action FX Builder package for animation and cartoon FX in your Adobe After Effects projects with electricity effect in after effects ease. Severe or repeated non-leathal shocks can damage nerves, which may impair sensation, movement, electricity effect in after effects and gland or organ function.
Hi guys I’m back again with after effect tutorial today we will create Electric Logo reveal effect with saber plugin this plugin 100% free from videocopilot. Electric shock injuries to adults are generally work-related. The second effect is glow. Free electricity sound effects available to use on media projects ranging from static electricity, surges, shocks and more. Easily electricity effect in after effects recreate the title sequencethat is used electricity effect in after effects for the HBO show True Detective. The After Effects Lightning effect comes with its own glow setting, but you can apply the dedicated glow effect from After Effects to push it even more. Mostly, small shocks cause some local tissu.
Skrull Transformation Effect. Immediate downloading, easy to use. Muscles are stimulated by electricity. How much current flows through a person’s body can be estimated using ohms law (I = E/R). Education about the respect for electricity and safe work practices is critical in preventing injuries from electrical electricity effect in after effects shock. What are the four effects of electricity?
The voltage of the shock may have effects ranging from uncomfortable, to painful or even lethal. After Effects CS6, CS5, CC, CC, CC, CC, CC. Burns are the most. Electrical energy can produced electricity effect in after effects chemical effect that can be electricity effect in after effects used in many cases such as plating a layer of thin electricity effect in after effects metal to another metal. Arc-flash temperatures can reach or exceed 35,000 °F electricity effect in after effects (19,400 °C) at the source of the arc, whi.
This tutorial has a video walkthrough as well as a written version. How to Create a Colorful Glitch Effect. How To Create A Miniature Effect in After Effects. electricity effect in after effects Download over 2,566 electricity royalty free Stock Footage Clips, Motion Backgrounds, and After Effects Templates with a subscription. See full list on electricity effect in after effects testguy. Completely customizable and each animation has its own special sound effect included.
Laura Hawk shows us how she uses a combination of Adobe Illustrator and After Effects to create an effect that feels like cel animation electricity effect in after effects without spending hours electricity effect in after effects of time painstakingly drawing each frame by hand. Electric Reveal is an raw and aggressive After Effects template with flickering lights, glowing electric sparks and burning sabre effects that dynamically trace and reveal your logo. Make your videos stand out with this wonderful resource of animated electrical flash art. This is a wonderful way to mark stark changes between scenes or words. It&39;s a new easy After Effects tutorial. The electromagnets will turn. They offer resistance to the passage of electricity. It&39;s electricity effect in after effects child&39;s play to use and comes with a handy video tutorial.
Easily create a faux 3D effect on a can using a combination of scripts and keyframe usage. . How To: Make abstract waves in After Effects with the Trapcode Form plug-in How To: Create a radial sunburst effect in Adobe After Effects How To: Create a particle animation loop with After Effects & Trapcode Particular electricity effect in after effects How To: Recover corrupt After Effects files & import projects.
Create a complex energy scene with CC particle electricity effect in after effects world. Most electric fencing is used today for agricultural fencing and other forms of animal control purposes, though it is frequently used to enhance security of restricted areas, and there exist places where lethal voltages are used. When wet, the resistance may drop as low as 500 ohms.
If you love glitchy animation, futuristic neon looks and a HUD feel; then this resource pack is all you need for your next after logo revealsnippet. When nerves are affected by an electric shock, the consequences include pain, tingling, numbness, weakness or difficulty moving a limb. The tutorial covers how to create 2D anime electricity in After Effects, complete with life-like animation.
· This technique can be easily done in both Cinema 4D and After Effects. In this step by step tutorial you will learn the concepts and skills needed to make film worthy title screens. BROWSE NOW electricity effect in after effects >>>. free after effects. You can electricity effect in after effects use any logo you want for tutorial. Templates: electricity effect in after effects net/electric-animation-after-effects-tutorial/ Hi guys. Electric Elements After Effects Template. More Electricity Effect In After Effects videos.
All from our global community of videographers and motion graphics designers. 78 stock AE templates starting at . Human tissue is very sensitive to the flow of electric current and is more susceptible to after electric shock when wet. See full list on speckyboy.
-> Settings to render audio visulizer after effects
-> Particular after effect for ae cc


On today’s show, we welcome special guest Peter Chapman, CEO of IonQ. IonQ is a leader in quantum computing and just announced that it is going public in a deal worth $1.4 billion.
On the podcast, Peter discusses:
- Starting out in MIT’s artificial intelligence lab at 16 and why he pursued technology
- The basics of quantum computing
- How IonQ is different from other quantum computing competitors
- Some of the risks that quantum computing presents
- The company’s strategy behind going public through a merger with dMY Technology Group III and its growth plans
- And more


LG 8.8kW Cool / 9.4kW Heat Inverter Ducted – High Static B30AWY-7G6 – Single Phase. Includes Programmable Wall Controller.
In stock (can be backordered)
Fast Dispatch & delivery
Shipping Australia Wide
Fast response time
Low Delivery charges
- Product Description
- Additional Information
FREE onsite quote for Melbourne metro installations
FREE delivery upon installation by us
WIFI Module available for $150
Inverter technology refers to the compressor within the outdoor unit of the air conditioner. The two most common types of compressors are the fixed speed compressor and the variable speed (inverter) compressor. The fixed speed will run at 100% of its capacity and will stop and start automatically to maintain the desired temperature. An inverter compressor will vary its speed in order to maintain a consistent temperature.
DURABLE GOLDFIN COATING
GoldFin is an anti corrosive treatment on the surface of the heat exchanger in the outdoor unit. The treatment is designed to protect air conditioners from pollution and corrosive conditions and assists in the durability and longevity of the unit. This technology is the ideal solution for harsh Australian outdoor conditions.
The operator can set the timer and program the air conditioner for a period of one week.
CHILD LOCK FUNCTION
This function prevents little hands from tampering with the control buttons on the unit. All the buttons on the indoor display panel will be blocked.
WIDE OPERATION TEMPERATURE
With enhanced technology – LG developed inverter products that can operate across a wide outdoor temperature range. The air conditioners have an operational range of up to 48°C outdoor for cooling and down to -15°C outdoor for heating – so you can be comfortable whatever the temperature outside.*
*Operational capacity varies depending on ambient temperature. Contact LG for more information.
E.S.P EXTERNAL STATIC PRESSURE CONTROL
Air volume can be optimised to reduce noise and comply with the system design utilising ESP technology. This enables you to optimise duct work installation – by maintaining capacities and sound levels as required.
A lightweight polymer blower and housing makes air conditioning operation quieter and backup servicing more convenient. The new fan housing can be easily dismantled for convenient servicing and maintenance.
DUAL THERMISTOR CONTROL
Dual thermistor control provides the option to control temperature by referring to either of the dual temperature sensors. With the help of the slide switch at the back of the LCD wired remote controller – selection of the desired thermistor for controlling the unit can be achieved. One thermistor is in the indoor unit and the other one is in the LCD wired remote.
This enables you to link several products together that can then be controlled by one control device. A connecting line is linked to each of the indoor units to enable communication. This control device can be used to control up to 16 indoor units.
|Product Type||Ducted Refrigerated|


Starting this week, GRIP will sponsor regular robotics industry coverage in Minnesota’s leading high-tech news site, Tech.MN.
The first of these sponsored posts is a two-part interview with University of Minnesota robotics professor Nikolaos “Nikos” Papanikolopoulos (and part two).
Nikos has been a leader in the Minnesota robotics industry for decades.
Please take a few minutes to check out the interview with Nikos.
We are excited to help Tech.MN increase its coverage of robotics news in the future.
- GRIP minnesota


With the current global concerns of energy efficiency and conservation reaching new highs, the trend towards replacing inefficient and energy wasting incandescent lamps with powerful and efficient LEDS has also grown. Although it is true that many countries have enacted tough new regulations geared towards eventually phasing out completely production of the incandescent lamp, much of the shift towards LED based lighting designs is coming organically from the consumer end. One of the most enthusiastic of the consumer markets to embrace LEDs has been the boater community. With their low energy requirements, long operating life, and high durability, LEDs have proven an almost natural fit for boat lighting applications and this has not been lost on boaters in the least.
Boaters understand acutely the need to utilize energy wisely. With their vessels entirely reliant upon whatever power can be stored or produced onboard, efficiency and conservation becomes a critical part of the boating experience. Today’s modern boats are becoming increasingly reliant on electrically powered technology, not only for critical devices such as lighting, radios and radar systems, but luxury amenities as well. Anything that can be done to reduce onboard power consumption has thus become an important consideration when purchasing a new boat or upgrading or adding equipment. With LEDs able to reduce the amount of power used by lighting systems by up to 80%, its little wonder they have gained such widespread popularity within the boating community. LED Strip Lights Strong Adhesive Tape, 9.85ft B07JB8VGXL
Aside from their practical aspects however, LEDs also hold added allure due to their high versatility and ability to provide unique benefits that traditional forms of lighting can never equal in effectiveness. Chances are, if you are a boater who spends any amount of time on the water during the evening hours, you are already familiar with some of the unique capabilities.
One of the most popular facets of LED boating lighting is their ability to lend a boat a highly customized appearance with very little effort. Unlike traditional incandescent lamps which must have a colored lens or painted on coating in order to produce different color illumination, LEDs can be purchased which provide colored light without any such added hardware or finishes. This is because the unique design of the LED allows manufacturers to manipulate the color of the actual light produced by the LED rather than filter its light output through a lens or coating. The result is a highly efficient source of deeply colored light that is smaller, cooler running, and far more durable than a colored incandescent lamp. With no lenses to fog or cloud, and no coating or film to flake off or peel, the LED will produce brilliant color throughout its entire operating life, all while remaining small enough to be mounted in such out unobtrusive locations such as underneath gunwales, along railings, or mounted within recesses. The result is that boaters can produce decks, cockpits and canopies that are brightly illuminated in brilliant red, blue, green and other colors, thus providing a distinct and creative appearance to their vessel at night.


Computing power and the complexity of microchips:
Points of interest from Randall Munroe’s book “What If?”
A “typical modern laptop…has more computing power than existed in the entire world in 1965.” Something to think about when considering the development of the world’s space programs and moon landings, from the late ’50s through the ’60s.
In 1977, “the combined power of computers (outpaced) the combined computing power of humans….”
In 1988, “all the logic circuits in the world added up to the complexity of a single brain….” To this day, the complexity (as differentiated from the computing power) of the human brain still dwarfs that of all our circuits.
Regarding this complexity, in a “supercomputer neuron simulation (of) individual neurons firing in a human brain…humans perform about the equivalent of 50 billion MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second).
Yet referencing a “pencil and paper” benchmark “to manually simulate individual operations on a computer chip…finds humans perform about 0.01 MIPS.”
A geometric mean: assuming “our computer programs are about as inefficient at simulating human brain activity as human brains are at simulating computer chip activity…human brains clock in at about 30,000 MIPS…about on par with (the average, common) computer.
In 1992, everyone in the world en masse possessed roughly 65 MIPS of mental computing power (as differentiated from the brain’s complexity).
In 1994, Intel’s (then new) Pentium chips singularly surpassed collective human computing capacity, at 70-to-80 MIPS.
According to the geometric mean for complexity referenced above, in 2004, “the Earth’s digital complexity overtook its human neurological complexity….”
If we go by Moore’s Law, that would seem to indicate computers will “pull ahead of humans in complexity” in 2036. (see 1988 above)


The iSpindel is an open source digital hydrometer and is a surprisingly easy project. Like the TILT it allows you to monitor your fermentation’s specific gravity and wort temperature remotely.
The original development, if I am not mistaken, came from universam1 and his documentation can be found here. As you scour the home brewing message boards you will find an array of builds, adaptions and various tinkerings around the same iSpindel theme. For my build I went with The Jeffrey board from opensourcedistilling. Joey Joe Joe Jr. (pictured below) has created a fantastic resource where you will find everything you need, with extremely clear instructions, that anyone without electronics experience could follow.
Mine was just a simple build (pics below), following his instructions and I used the Fermentrack for data visualisation.
The most time consuming parts of the build were waiting for the various parts to all arrive from eBay and AliExpress, then calibrating the iSpindel after the build was complete. The actual assembly and flashing (using the Fermentrack) took about 30 min. For calibration I used the instructions here. I also entered the polynomial details using the Fermentrack. Below is the output from my first fermentation with my iSpindel. There was a little anomaly at the start of fermentation but it was surprisingly accurate and it is interesting to watch the fermentation in real-time.


A Microcontroller is a single chip computer which has a processing device along with other peripherals like RAM, ROM, ADC, RTC required to make a fully fledged embedded device. Various families of microcontroller are currently being used in industry as per their feasibility and capability to perform the required task. Aedifico‘s course structure and experienced mentor’s program is rated as the best microcontroller training in Delhi.
PIC is one of the family of microcontroller extensively used for industrial automation and electrical appliance. PIC is an 8 bit architecture and has the capability of interfacing 8 analog sensors, 1 serial device, 2 timers and 32 port pins. Integrated I2C and SPI features of SPI enables it for multiprocessor communication. Sometimes referred to as an embedded controller or microcontroller unit (MCU), microcontrollers are found in vehicles, robots, office machines, medical devices, mobile radio transceivers, vending machines and home appliances among other devices. They are often used in multiple industries and applications, including in the home and enterprise, building automation, manufacturing, robotics, automotive, lighting, smart energy, industrial automation, communications and internet of things (IoT) deployments.
We at Aedifico have excellent trainers having industrial experience in almost every domain of embedded system. Learning at Aedifico is no less then working in industry. Along with training, you will get complete hands on for every application you make as well as industrial projects that the company is working on.
We provide fundamental and advance courses for SPI including wireless technologies and Intenet of things(IoT). Aedifico is considered best microcontroller training institute in Delhi in providing the 6 weeks summer internship and 4 weeks Winter internship in PIC Microcontrollerand 8051 Microcontroller. Want to get hooked with fundamentals we teach here? Come and see for yourself, Apply now and take Aedifico’s ‘Best Microcontroller Training in Delhi’ demo class and decide which way you want to go.
What is an embedded system, Need of Embedded system?
ICs as heart of electronic world.
Embedded systems as a basis of electronic world.
Advantage & Disadvantage of Low level & High level programming language of Embedded System.
Difference between Microprocessor & Microcontroller
Classification based on architecture
Classification based on Instruction Set
Type of Microcontroller
Introduction of ATMEL 8051 family
Block diagram description of AT89C51
Special feature of AT89C51
Pin description of AT89C51
Description of RAM
Description of CPU Registers
Function of SFR
Features of C Programming Language
Program Structure & DATA types constants
Variable Operators assignment
Pointer & Array
Embedded software development, using KIEL & SDLC
Writing your First C program in Embedded C
Making Different Patterns with Led
Rotation of Led
Introduction to 7 Segment Display
Types of 7 Segment Display
Interfacing Circuit Description of 7 Segment Display
Programming of 7 Segment Display Interfacing
Introduction to 16 x 2 LCD
Commands of 16 x 2 LCD
Interfacing Circuit Description of 16 x 2 LCD
Programming of 16 x 2 LCD
Introduction to Switches & Keyboard Matrix
Interfacing Circuit of Switches & Keyboard Matrix
Programming of Keyboard Matrix & Switches
Controlling of LED’s by using Switches
Key board Matrix & LCD Interfacing Program
Introduction to Motors
Types of Motors used in Embedded System
Programming & Controlling of Motors in Embedded System
Concept of timers
Use of timers as counters
How Timers Count
Measuring Time using Timers
Introduction to Serial Communication
Types of Serial Communication
Description of SFR associated with Serial Communication
Introduction & Interfacing of UART
Programming of UART
Introduction to Interrupts
Types of Interrupts
Programming of Software & Hardware Interrupts
Wifi based Home Automation
Mesh network of Xigbee Protocol
Bluetooth controlled Robotic car
Xigbee based Real Time data monitoring
RFID Based Home Automation
Wireless Robotic Vehicle
GSM Based Notice Board
RFID Based Access Management System
GSM Based Irrigation System


When you talk to someone on the phone typically someone makes a statement or asks a question then the other party responds. We take turns. You talk then I talk, then you talk then I talk – back and forth. That is also how many internet services and wireless communications work as well — they either take turns sending then receiving data (time division duplex or TDD) or will use separate frequencies for transmitting and receiving (frequency division duplex or FDD).
Our demand for data continues to grow and so to does the amount of data fiber optic networks can transmit. Phys.org reports on research completed by NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories in Japan where they were able to fit 12 individual cores inside a standard diameter for fiber optics. Since the amount of data we can pack into current single-core networks is approaching maximum – meaning more fiber optic lines need to be laid to transmit the same amount of information – research into optical wires that contain multiple single cores is picking up. While this is not yet ready to be deployed out in the field it does bring such upgrades a step closer by producing a wire which experiences less distortion than similar multi-core wires. They are now looking to continue scaling up as well as find solutions to make multi-core fibers require less complex signal processing.


The Guardian reports;
A US government agency says it has attained the “holy grail” of energy – the next-generation system of battery storage, that has has been hotly pursued by the likes of Bill Gates and Elon Musk.
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (Arpa-E) – a branch of the Department of Energy – says it achieved its breakthrough technology in seven years.
Ellen Williams, Arpa-E’s director, said: “I think we have reached some holy grails in batteries – just in the sense of demonstrating that we can create a totally new approach to battery technology, make it work, make it commercially viable, and get it out there to let it do its thing,”
If that’s the case, Arpa-E has come out ahead of Gates and Musk in the multi-billion-dollar race to build the next generation battery for power companies and home storage.
Full story in article.


How to connect your PC to a TV using an HDMI cable. Connecting PC to TV will enable you to display your computer screen on your TV, so you can watch movies or browse the internet on the big screen. All you need to connect the two devices is an HDMI cable.
How to connect PC to TV
Use HDMI cable
- Some PC’s may use a regular HDMI port, while others will use an HDMI mini or MiniDisplay port.
- For HDMI mini and MiniDisplay cables, one end of the cable should be an HDMI mini or MiniDisplay cable which you can plug into your computer, and the other end should be a regular sized HDMI cable.
- Not all computers have an HDMI port. Some older computer may use a VGA or DVI cable. You can connect these to the HDMI port of a TV using an adapter and a separate audio cable. If you are using a laptop that does not have an HDMI or other video-out port, you can purchase a USB-to-HDMI adapter. You may need to install additional software on your PC.
- Make a note of which HDMI port you are connecting to.
- Make sure you purchase an HDMI cable that is the right length needed to connect from your PC to your TV. Measure the distance if needed.
- After connecting the PC and TV together, sometimes the TV will automatically display what’s on your computer monitor. If it is blank, use Method 2 to detect your TV in Windows 10.
- Use the number labels on the HDMI ports to help you find which HDMI source your computer is connected to.
Connect TV to PC as monitor
- Adjust the resolution as needed so it looks good on your TV. If you have an HDTV, select 1920 x 1080 in the “Resolution” drop-down menu. If you have a 4K TV, select up to 3840 x 2160 or highest possible resolution in the “Resolution” drop-down menu.
Read more :


Address:No. 2, Section 1, Wǔquán West Rd, Xi District, Taichung City, Taiwan 403
Taiwanese artist Cho Chieh-wei's interactive installation work titled "On Off II” will be on display at the Taichung-based National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts through Sept. 22. Cho's work was selected by the NTMFA's program that fosters the development of digital arts in competition.
The artwork reflects on digital technology and bodily behaviors. The audience can change the image they see in the exhibition by controlling the electronic devices Cho designed. The process shows that humans live in a digital world and their memories constitute only a bunch of chaotic information. Exchanges of emotions become lifeless data and electrical waves, so face-to-face interaction is no longer necessary for exchanging messages or communicating needs.
However, people are in turn controlled by technology in spite of the great convenience it has brought. Cho wants the audience to think about the issue while looking at his works.


VILS series conjoined LCD screen wall will become the new force among large screen displays (LSD). ------ marketing analysis & Core performance comparison
I. Marketing Analysis of Current Popular LSD
With the approach of digitalization, traditional information terminal display cannot even more satisfy users¡¯ urgent demand for high definition and super-large picture display. Thus, LSD has become the indispensable part in complete operation system.
LSD can be applied extensively in different fields like exhibition halls, sport studios, news-broadcast centers, airport terminals, entertainment squares, shopping malls and command & control centers, etc. Nowadays, the main LSD in the market can be classified into the following three kinds:
1.DLP (Digital Light Processing) Projector-style Conjoined Screen
DLP is the most frequently used LSD system in large screen industry at present. However, some core elements in DLP conjunction system are still controlled by foreign companies. For example, we all use DMD chips with global patent by TI cooperate. Therefore, its high price will make many project owners hang back.
As for the application features, DLP has large unit sizes. The popular sizes are 50¡±, 60¡± and 67¡± in current market. Thus, it can realize the large-area conjunction with very small joint gap between 3mm to 5mm. But DLP also has some disadvantages. Its picture quality is ordinary and the size is large as well due to its rear projection pattern. And its large size will occupy large space too. Moreover, the 6000-hour service life of light bulbs are not satisfactory as well because of its high maintenance cost.
2.PDP (Plasma Display Panel) Conjoined Screen
PDP has won good reputation among users owing to its advantages such as high brightness, high contrast, high color gamut and wide perspective at the initial stage used at home to display dynamic pictures. However, it has serious disadvantages if applied in security guard fields or used to display static pictures and texts for long time, for example, as monitors or TV walls. It is more likely to have remnant traces or even screen-burning accidents when displaying static pictures, which is the so-called plasma imprinting. And the brightness will thus decrease rapidly. Once the problem occurs, it can no longer be recovered. Therefore, PDP has low reliability and higher power consumption compared with other techniques.
On the other hand, the relative parameters of liquid crystal screen are improving and the cost and maintenance of LCD system is lower compared with DLP system. That¡¯s why LCD system emerges as the times require.
We can see from the following chart and development trend of future display technique that LCD will become the popular screen conjunction technique in the future.
performance parameters of current
|video picture quality
|single screen resolution (42¡±)
|thickness of machine box
|heat dissipation requirement
|annual decrease of brightness
||change the light frequently
||5,000-10,000 hours (light)
||5,000-10,000 hours (screen)
II. Core Competition Ability of VILS Series
With consistent development of liquid crystal display technique, inserted hardware joint technique, multiple screens handling technique and signal conversion technique, etc, our company has researched and made the latest plan of VILS series, integrated large LCS display. The series products are self-researched and manufactured by our company from hardware to software.
VILS series have the following advantages:
1.The shape is an integration with strong sense of aero as well as science and technology.
At present, we mainly promote two different models adopting 19¡å & 19¡å liquid crystal display board respectively. Users can choose independent-type or wall-type for product shape.
We adopt the advanced painting process especially for independent-type integrated screen to ensure the beauty and endurance of the color of the outer box. This type can be applied in various occasions indoors or outdoors. The front side adopts mirror glass plate with special process, which makes our products with better integration and aero sense.
The advantage of wall-types lies in unlimited infinite conjunction without limitation of unit number. We can combine the screen well with the surrounding decoration walls according to users¡¯ requirement. Thus, harmonious integration effect takes on.
2.Users can experience perfect visual dinner of real full HD TV.
Each display unit of VILS series is composed of professional HD video image processing chips and liquid crystal display plate adopting inserted design plan. Thus, each unit can truly display video signals of 1920*1080p.Design of independent display unit reduces the maintenance cost and difficulty of the system. The failure of a single display unit does not influence other units and the whole display effect, so we only need to change the troubled one. Meanwhile, strong and professional HD video image processing chips ensure high processing speed, clear and smooth dynamic video as well as strong color expressive force. Therefore, VILS series possesses high brightness, high contrast, good color saturation and image level sense. Since we adopt inserted design plan, VILS has even more advantages like strong steadiness, rapid start-up, easy use and small size, etc. Each display unit is driven by a professional HD video image processing chip, so the number of the unit is unlimited theoretically.
Besides, PCI card-insert type and external joint controller are also two most-frequently-used methods in current market.
PCI card-insert type works in the following theory: divide a integrated video image into m¡Án sub-video signals with a multiple screens joint card through industrial computer. And then transfer these sub-signals to relative unit on the joint wall to realize the large screen display. But the unit number will be greatly limited since the calculating ability of the industrial computer is limited.
External joint controller is named so because this type is divided into two independent parts: display part and the joint controller. The joint controller is to realize the display output after the combination of several physical outputs into a resolution stack. Thus, a complete picture can be displayed on the screen. But it also has its disadvantages. For example, it is difficult to repair once a certain part fails. And the color hue and phase are hard to adjust. Besides, the picture quality is bad as well.
3.Multiple picture display functions like picture in picture, picture roam and shift can be realized through software control.
We know that the joint screen cannot only realize the integrated large screen display but also the multiple small screen displays while applied in video monitoring trade. On more occasions all the monitored pictures are required to be watched simultaneously. When a monitoring point appears abnormal, we can enlarge the picture in full screen rapidly through software shift so that all the people in control center can watch the picture simultaneously. Thus, the joint large screen should be shifted between large pictures and small pictures rapidly in practice and both are with good display effect.
4.It can support simultaneous entrance of several video devices. The series products have the function of displaying the analog video signals and digital video signals simultaneously on joint screen and then display the input signals rapidly and smoothly.
The HD video signal programs on media like internet, USB and hardware can be displayed on joint screen by choosing relative accessories of VILS.
5.Self-development makes our products with high performance price ratio. We take various aspects into consideration during the development. For example, we considered about the beauty of the screen shape and the integrated compact structure as well as heat dissipation performance of the device. Moreover, we also considered about how to make the operation more convenient, the interface more humanized, the maintenance cost lower. Besides, we also thought about consistent updating of the system functions so that users will have no worries.
We believe that the birth of VILS series products will further promote the development of LCD technology and meanwhile become the main force of large screen display as well.


The OZ-13MSX1 Vayeate (aka Vayeate) is a limited production offensive mobile suit, forcefully developed for OZ. The unit is featured in the anime Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, it was piloted by Trowa Barton and later by Lady Une. It was designed by Hajime Katoki.. Click the gundam wiki logo image on the right for more information.
Whereas the OZ-13MSX2 Mercurius was designed as a defensive mobile suit, the Vayeate was designed primarily as an offensive unit. Both suits were designed to operate together, with one covering the other when in battle. The Vayeate, built from the same basic frame as its Mercurius twin, was armed only with a large beam cannon. This cannon was designed to provide a damaging blow almost equivalent to that of the XXXG-01W Wing Gundam's powerful buster rifle. To overcome the problem of the buster rifle's limited charge, the scientists designed a large energy collector, consisting primarily of a compact thermonuclear reactor and a particle accelerator. This provides the Vayeate's beam cannon, which is connected to the backpack by an energy cable, with a virtually limitless "ammunition" charge. The head of the Vayeate and its brother, Mercurius, mounts a cover that defends the sensors but limits the vision. A second unit controlled by Mobile Doll AI System was later built by White Fang.


Keeping mainframe development moving at the speed required by the business can be a challenge. Many monolithic applications, developed and added onto over the course of years, or even decades, are self-contained. As software development and delivery become more modernized with automation and orchestration, the cost of leaving these applications alone is growing more expensive than breaking them apart and connecting them to macro and microservices. In a time of doing more with less, many leaders are taking a second look at their root mainframe problems and seeking ways to generate value faster.
It’s not COBOL, it’s what has been done with it
The size of COBOL programs is often cited as a barrier to accelerating the release velocity of mainframe applications. COBOL’s functionality as a programming language is why it has remained the same for half a century. It’s not the language, but its implementation that is the real problem. With numerous functions housed in one program, it becomes difficult for developers to understand, edit, and compile legacy code and then test their changes. Even if they change only a few lines, they need to check out the entire program and test it, then fix anything that breaks along the way.
Transforming the mainframe as a growth platform
Whether they’re trying to unlock value of mainframe data, grow artificial intelligence for IT operations (AIOps), or enforce compliance and increase digital agility, enterprises see the mainframe as a growth platform. Most enterprises that embark on modernization journeys discover that they can’t offload 20 percent of the mainframe’s workloads to other platforms. But that doesn’t mean they aren’t optimizing the developer experience and making it easier for multiple developers to work concurrently on the mainframe. One big step forward is providing the tools to help developers break apart monoliths into separate, callable subprograms that are easier to understand, update, and test. This enables new functionality to be infused onto mainframes and prepares the way for Java- and Git-based source code management (SCM) so multiple developers can work on the same application. Being able to track a data field through the program from input to output and visualize static and dynamic interoperability, along with dependencies, logic, and syntax, helps developers understand monolithic application functions and circumvent problems, giving them more confidence in their changes and making development teams faster and more agile.
Long-term modernization, immediate value
Modernization itself isn’t fast, but there’s no real reason to stay stuck with the status quo. Developers want to build on growing solutions, and the sooner enterprises transform monoliths into functional modern applications, the sooner they can curb development costs by enabling more developers to work on the mainframe. Having a diagnostic tool that can scan and visualize an application’s underpinnings is critical when there are literally millions of lines of code. Seeing how an application really works in real time with runtime visualization can show developers where the problems are before they break the application.
Being able to find and comment out dead code that cannot be logically executed, no matter which data you use, eliminates a lot of technical debt as developers refactor modern applications that leverage REST APIs, Git, or Java. A lot of blame is pointed at COBOL, but even COBOL applications can still deliver value as teams undergo long-term modernizations and digital transformations.
BMC AMI DevX Code Insights (formerly BMC AMI DevX Code Analysis), available nowprovides the functionality to help developers uncover business logic and create new subprograms that are ready to compile and use. It is already accelerating the transformation of monolithic code into more modular and usable programs.
BMC AMI DevX Code Insights also gives developers the ability to identify and comment out dead code. The new Quick Fix capability, available with a right-click on the diagnostic or the identified line, will comment these lines, which prevents any future developers working on the code from wasting time by assuming those lines are valid.
BMC AMI DevX Code Insights is designed to help developers maintain and extend their applications with confidence by enabling them to:
- Quickly understand unfamiliar code with structure and logic charts
- Track data fields through the program from input to output
- Break apart monolithic programs using Code Extract
- Gain information on how an application really works in real time with runtime visualization
Let’s not underestimate how hard COBOL development can be. It is difficult to quickly understand, make changes with confidence, and then test. Eliminating dead code—and, more importantly, breaking apart programs to manageable sizes with modern syntax—will empower mainframe application developers to deliver quality code, faster.
Listen to the Modern Mainframe podcast, “Refactoring Monolithic Mainframe Code,” to hear how IT leaders are thinking about modernizing mainframe code and the tactics they’re using.


Cell phone unloading fast? Check out how to improve this
You will rarely see a person who does not own a smartphone, because the object has become a necessity for many people. People who mostly have or have had problems with the battery. It is not your impression that your cell phone is discharging faster, the batteries lose their storage capacity over time, this causes your usage time on the cell phone to gradually decrease.
There are some ways in which the phone’s battery can last longer, extending the time between the dreaded 15% mark and when the battery is completely discharged. Here are some tips you can use to extend your phone’s battery, regardless of whether you’re using an iPhone, Android, or anything else.
Always update your phone
Phone makers like Apple and Samsung issue updates to their devices all the time. It can be annoying when it looks like you’re constantly updating your phone, but these updates exist for a good reason: having the latest and most efficient software can help ensure that your phone has the longest possible battery life. (They also help to keep your phone more secure.)
Some smartphones let you know when there is an update, others you will have to go to settings. From there, you’ll find options for updating the software, most likely on the General tab and under Software update. This may be slightly different, depending on the phone you are using.
Keep an eye out for background apps
Your phone should have a page dedicated to battery usage, usually found by navigating to the battery section of your Settings application. Depending on your device, a graph may appear, showing the battery life that each of your apps is normally consuming. Many applications run and update in the background while using different software. You can choose to allow specific applications to do this, to configure it so that all applications can do this, or to prevent specific applications from doing so. If a specific application is consuming a lot of battery, you can also uninstall it completely.
Here’s how to disable this feature:
- IOS ► Navigate to Settings, select General and then Application update in the background. From there, you can select Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi and cellular data or Disabled.
- Android ► Open the Settings app, click Battery, tap the More symbol and click Battery usage. From there, your device will list how different apps are using battery life. Click on the application for which you want to show usage in the background and select Background restriction. When does the Restrict application? warning appears.
Use the low brightness
Keeping the phone’s screen bright to the end can really harm battery life. When you’re low on battery, avoid doing anything that requires a lot of processing power, such as playing games, watching videos, or using navigation apps. Another option is to disable push notifications, which can light up the screen even when you are not using the phone and thus using the battery.
The process will be slightly different, depending on your phone. Generally speaking, go to Settings, Notifications and select the relevant application. From there, you will select the option to disable notifications.
Disable functions that you are not using
If you’re desperate to save your phone’s battery, turn on airplane mode, manually re-enable Wi-Fi and connect to a wireless network. In general, connecting to the Internet via Wi-Fi consumes less battery power than on cellular networks – in addition, you don’t have to worry so much about excess data.
Enable battery saver
- Your phone’s battery saver option is an easy-to-use feature that restricts your phone’s features to extract the longest possible battery life.
- On the iPhone, it’s called a low-power mode. On Android, it’s called battery saving. When the phone is low, you will receive a pop-up that allows you to activate battery saving with one touch.
- After these tips, for sure your battery will have more useful life, enjoy!


This is a project I’ve been working on for awhile while trying to learn programming and basic electronics. It’s an interactive painting that lights up and makes sounds.
Ceci c’est un piano 12″x12″x3.5″ Acrylic and electrical components on canvas over panel, 2010
I made a 3.5″ deep box and stretched canvas over it. I drilled holes through the painting to insert three tri-color LEDs and a potentiometer which changes the tones of the keys. In between the canvas and the box are three force sensitive resistors which are prefect because they’re paper thin.
The box is full of wires. It’s a little sloppy so hopefully for the next one I’ll learn how to clean up the wire situation. The speaker is also a bit small and hanging from a wire. I used an Arduino Duemilanova which is drilled to the left and powered with a 9V battery so it hangs on the wall and you don’t need to plug it in or anything. I made a perf board which is drilled to the right.
Here is the arduino code.
If you’re interested in the schematics or anything let me know and maybe I’ll post something up. But mostly I just used the three key keyboard tutorial on the Arduino page. I don’t really know what I’m doing so if you have any input on how to improve this it’s appreciated.


BUU on the winning podium at the prestigious Progress Awards
BUU’s reputation was boosted recently by Professors Zhang Mengmeng and He Ning when they won second prize at the prestigious Beijing Science and Technology Awards.
"Key Technologies and Applications of Collaborative Vision Intelligence in Air, Space, and Ground"
The duo led thel project on "Key Technologies and Applications of Collaborative Vision Intelligence in Air, Space, and Ground", and their award marks a significant breakthrough for BUU.
This achievement breaks through the traditional multi-stage separation task model of visual technology, bridging the gap between low-level vision and high-level semantics in the complex air, space, and ground environments. It achieves efficient, precise, and reliable all-domain visual perception for integrated air, space, and ground applications. The key technologies proposed in this project have been widely deployed in aerospace construction, smart city development, intelligent inspection, intelligent security, and other fields, achieving significant economic and social benefits.
Core Algorithm Graph
In this project, Professor Zhang Mengmeng's team tackled the efficient compression of panoramic video for collaborative air, space, and ground scenarios, significantly reducing coding complexity and solving the challenge of real-time transmission of panoramic video. They also invented a fast block method based on coding unit complexity, providing crucial technical support for high-quality real-time screen sharing in air, space, and ground systems.
The Beijing Science and Technology Award, established by The Peoples' Government of Beijing Municipality, aims to reward outstanding individuals and groups in the field of science and technology. In 2022, nearly 1,000 projects were submitted for the Beijing Science and Technology Award, with 21 scientists and 188 projects being recognized in this round of awards.
Edit by Rees-Farrell Peter


1994 Volvo 960
Electric Cooling Fan
1994-96: 850, 960
All vehicles with are equipped with an electronic cooling fan. On 850 and 960, cooling fan is operated by a relay, either in response to engine temperature signal received by Motronic control unit or directly by pressure switches mounted in A/C high pressure line. Cooling fan relay is located in front of battery.
TROUBLESHOOTING & TESTING
NOTE: Trouble shooting information not available for 850 and 960 models.
Fig. 1: Cooling Fan System Wiring Diagram (1994 850 2.3L Turbo)
Fig. 2: Cooling Fan System Wiring Diagram (1994 850 2.4L)
Fig. 3: Electric Cooling Fan System Wiring Diagram (1995-96 850)
Fig. 4: Cooling Fan System Wiring Diagram (1994 960)
Fig. 5: Electric Cooling Fan System Wiring Diagram (1995-96 960)
Disclaimer: Volvotips has the exclusive courtesy of Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Cars Heritage to publish the Volvo Greenbooks (service manual), parts catalogs and other Volvo-material and publications. Commercial use and publishing at other websites of these items is prohibited.


The Oppo A15 is an impressive smartphone, bringing a powerful octa core processor and 3GB of RAM. Its 32GB of storage is a great way to expand your storage. Its camera is also excellent. Overall, the Oppo A15 is one of the best smartphones on the market right now. Its price is very reasonable considering its specs. However, before you make your final decision, read this review first. oppo a15
The Oppo A15 runs Android 10, with a 4230 mAh battery. It measures 164 x 75.4 x 7.9mm and weighs 175 grams, including the battery. It has a fingerprint sensor on its back, which makes it easy to identify. In terms of camera, the Oppo A15 comes with a 13MP primary camera with f/2.2 aperture, and a 2-megapixel macro lens with f/2.4 aperture. The smartphone also has a 5-megapixel front-facing camera, and AI beautification technology. The Oppo A15 supports 4G VoLTE network. It also supports Wi-Fi and USB OTG. It also supports Bluetooth 5.0 version.
The Oppo A15 comes with a large, 6.52-inch IPS LCD display that boasts vivid colors. The screen is HD+ (720p) resolution, with 480nits of brightness. The Oppo A15 is also compatible with a micro-USB cable. The Oppo A15 also has a 3.5mm headphone jack for listening to music or watching videos. Moreover, the battery life is adequate for a phone at this price point. Although the phone’s processor is not powerful, the screen output is high enough.
The Oppo A15 was launched in October 2020 and is priced at Rs. 10990 in India. It has a 0.79-inch thickness and weighs 175g. It is available in three colour variants: Dynamic Black and Gold. The back panel of the Oppo A15 plays beautifully with light. You can find a number of useful features on the Oppo A15, including a fingerprint scanner.
For the camera, the Oppo A15 comes with a 13-megapixel main module with f/2.2 aperture and PDAF. A secondary two-megapixel sensor is included for depth measurements and macro shots. The camera also offers basic shooting modes and 1080p videos at 30 frames per second. In short, the Oppo A15 is a good choice if you want to take great photos. Its price is reasonable as compared to other phones in the same class.
Overall, the Oppo A15 is one of the most capable smartphones on the market. With a 6.5-inch display and a 20:9 aspect ratio, the screen looks fantastic and offers good clarity. The 720×1600 pixel display has 480 nits of brightness and a 60-Hz refresh rate. The phone also packs a powerful battery. Its front-facing camera is a 5-megapixel f/2.4 for selfies.
The Oppo A15 is definitely capable of running multiple applications, thanks to its 3GB of RAM. The large storage capacity means you can keep a lot of photos, videos, and games on your phone without slowing down. You can even run a couple of games on the device while enjoying the quality of the display. It is definitely worth considering. Although you may not be able to take great photos with this phone, it will serve its purpose in many ways.


GlobalFiltros is an official distributor in Portugal.
Exide Technologies operates in more than 80 countries, has products and services to meet all the energy storage needs of the Industrial market and start up. With over 120 years in the battery business, Exide has, the experience, the advanced means of development and research as well as the knowledge and ability to offer all kinds of solutions to the various energy storage needs.
The Exide product is divided into the following areas:
- Start-up batteries and deep cycles for the most varied auto applications such as trucks, SUV's, heavy duty vehicles, commercial, light, marine, lawn mowers, as well as many other niche applications.
- Batteries whose application is intended for movement such as forklifts, platforms, sweepers and floor washers, mining equipment, elevators, electric veícluos and with automated guide, personnel transportation, airports and other commercial vehicles.
- Batteries for telecommunications systems, electrical equipment, computers, security systems, emergency lighting, UP's, hospital equipment, trains, military equipment used in critical mission environments.
Click on the image below to download the catalogue:


UV Light. The Most Reliable and Widely Accepted Approach To Inactivating SARS-COV-2
Posted on Wednesday Jul 29, 2020 at 09:54AM in General
Why was UV light called the “most reliable and widely accepted approach” to inactivating SARS-COV-2?
Recently, the University of Milano conducted a study on the effectiveness of UV-C light in combating SARS-COV-2. They found that SARS-COV-2 can be transmitted through the air in the form of an aerosol and can survive outside the body for hours. Because of this, it’s imperative that in addition to sanitizing surfaces, we sanitize the air we breathe.
UV-C light has a long history in surface and airborne sanitization. There is plenty of test data supporting its ability to inactive viruses and kill bacteria. In fact, UV-C light has been used in hospitals, clean rooms, schools, retail, manufacturing, and in homes in order to produce a cleaner indoor environment. UV-C technology is easily retrofitted to existing HVAC systems. It doesn’t matter if it’s a roof top unit on a business, a ductless unit mounted to a wall, a regular residential split system, or a wall mount unit on a portable classroom, there are UV solutions for all applications.
What’s important with UV-C light, whatever the application, is that we have the right intensity of the light and enough exposure time to the light in order to inactivate microbes. University of Milan found that the correct UV dosage needed to inactivate the SARS-COV-2 virus is 3.7 mJ/cm2. This is a relatively small dose when compared to what is needed to destroy other microbes like clostridium difficile. When we design the UV-C light properly, we can protect the air that we breathe indoors.
Please reach out to your indoor air quality experts at Geary Pacific Supply for help in designing your UV light solution.
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