Article Sourced by David Shaffer and Cynthia Bensburg from statemag.state.gov
In August, the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations (OBO) installed its first-ever large-scale renewable battery energy storage system at the new U.S. Embassy in Niger. The installation enhances the campus’s energy efficiency by maximizing the storage and use of solar power and marks a crucial step in the Department of State’s efforts to advance sustainability and resilience at diplomatic posts overseas.
The new batteries store, abundantly, available solar energy, complementing the embassy’s current 750kW photovoltaic (PV) system and ensuring that enough power is supplied during peak sun hours to operate the building and eliminate the embassy’s reliance on generators or the local grid. Embassy Niamey has historically suffered from power interruptions due to unreliable utility supply, including frequency and voltage fluctuations. These disruptions have negatively impacted operations and caused the embassy to primarily rely on diesel generators, which required regular maintenance and depended on a supply of diesel fuel that was costly and not always available.
The newly installed battery containers maintain a capacity of 1.5MWh and assuage the embassy’s dependence on diesel fuel, allowing the facility to power the site primarily with a clean, renewable power supply.
The power control system is intelligent and continuously calculates the batteries’ charging and discharging, and monitors utility and generator contributions. The embassy can now operate at full load with lower utility demands, saving direct power and reducing demand charges by modulating the battery and solar output and ensuring a smooth transition among power sources when clouds impact PV power generation.
The installation was completed with the help of the embassy contractor B.L. Harbert International, their sub-contractor for electrical engineering, RME Electric, and Solar Design Associates. After the successful installation of renewables in Koror, Palau, galvanizing the first net-zero energy embassy, OBO is poised to leverage this new technology to support more locations with green battery storage and renewable energy operations.
David Shaffer is the renewable energy manager and Cynthia Bensburg is a program analyst within OBO’s Office of Design Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Division.


As a long-time Subaru owner with an interest in spending a little more on quality parts (you know the saying “buy once, cry once”) I decided to improve my daily driver 2011 Outback’s performance and reliability by upgrading the battery. I have grown to despise corroded batteries and having to get a jump on cold mornings. In this article, I’ll share my experience switching from a standard lead-acid battery to a more reliable AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) battery and bringing it all together with an upgraded tie down.
I’ll cover the reasons why I decided to upgrade, what some of the benefits are, and then show how much better it looks with the new battery and upgraded tie down. Let’s jump in and get started!
Table of Contents
Why I Made the Switch to AGM Batteries:
In this specific car I was experiencing some hard start issues when the vehicle had sat for more than a day. The battery was old and constantly corroding. If I cleaned it, I’d come back two weeks later to find it just as corroded. I finally decided it was time to replace it. But I initially started researching better battery solutions years ago after I had a battery failure out in the forest, miles away from any pavement. I was luckily able to find someone to help me jump the car within a short hiking distance. But that could have been a dangerous situation for me.
Once I started digging around, I discovered that AGM batteries are engineered to resist the exact type of driving I do in the lifted Subie. It also doesn’t take a bunch of crazy modification to install one of these batteries since they are available in many of the exact same sizes as wet-cell batteries. You can easily purchase the correct size and drop it right in to your Subaru’s original battery compartment and gain a bunch of added benefits. Not only are AGM batteries easy to install, but they offer a few specific features when compared to cheaper lead-acid options:
1. Better Performance and Premium Materials
AGM batteries have lower internal resistance, enabling them to deliver a greater current to the starter motor. This feature becomes particularly crucial during cold weather when the starter motor has exert additional effort to crank the engine. I live in an area with really cold winter conditions from November to February. So switching to AGM was a no brainer for me. AGM batteries also have a higher discharge rate, translating to an increased power supply to the vehicle’s electrical system when it operates under load.
On the topic of starters, having a better battery that can rotate the starter more effectively actually increases its lifespan. Since the starter isn’t having to crank the motor as long, there’s less heat generation which means less wear and tear on the starter. This is super important to me for the amount of time I spend out in the wilderness.
I also really like the fact that the Full Throttle AGM batteries are made using virgin lead and are produced in-house at facilities that they have direct control over. This means that quality control numbers are going to be much higher and each individual battery will operate the way it was meant to right out of the box.
2. Extended Battery Lifespan
Unlike lead-acid batteries, AGM batteries are less susceptible to sulfation, a phenomenon where lead sulfate accumulates on the battery plates, reducing its capacity and shortening its life expectancy. When you see corrosion build up on your battery posts, this is a result of sulfation and it is one of the biggest killers of a battery. AGM units avoid this issue. Also, AGM batteries are far more resistant to vibration and shock, which promotes an extended lifespan for people like myself who like to drive off-road.
Additionally, AGM batteries are less prone to leakage compared to lead-acid batteries. This means that you’re less likely to experience frame rail damage from rust due to battery acid contamination. I have experienced this in the past and it’s devastating to realize that a cheap battery caused permanent rust damage to my vehicle.
The fact that these batteries seem to have a longer lifespan also pencils out financially in the long run. Replacing the battery that was already in the car with the exact same lead-acid unit would have cost $205. The Full Throttle battery was roughly $150 more. However, there are people that have been running these AGM batteries for 8-10 years. This is double what I expect any cheaper battery to last and is less than double the cost for a battery that performs better for twice as long.
3. Peace of Mind
The peace of mind that I have from putting a high-quality battery under my Subie’s hood is worth every penny. It gives me a sense of security, particularly when navigating remote areas or during extreme weather conditions during the winter. I do NOT play games when it comes to simple things I can do to add reliability to my cars. I don’t have time to be stranded or wait for tow trucks. After spending years working in the commercial auto parts industry, I simply don’t trust cheaply made batteries anymore.
Of course, AGM batteries are generally more expensive than lead-acid batteries, but the long-term benefits in terms of enhanced performance and durability make the investment worthwhile for me. I have upgraded every single one of my cars to AGM batteries and couldn’t be happier. I’ve never had a single problem starting any of the cars or using any of my off-road accessories.
Here’s the Full Throttle FT750-35 battery and MeLe tie down that I decided to install in my Outback:
Okay let’s jump in to the battery installation process that I used. This is what I did, but I always recommend consulting with a professional mechanic when working on a vehicle.
Installation – Here’s What I Did:
Prepping for the Job:
Safety: One of the first things I do before working on my cars is grab a pair of rubber gloves. You’re going to be working with items that could be contaminated with battery acid.
Gather the Right Tools and Parts:
I used a battery terminal cleaner, a 10mm deep socket, and a basic ratchet to perform the entire install.
- The parts I used: Full Throttle FT750-35 AGM battery, MeLe Design Firm Group 35 battery tie down
Removing the Old Battery:
Locate the Battery: In Subarus, the battery is almost always going to be on the driver’s side in the front of the engine bay.
Disconnect Cables: I began by disconnecting the negative battery terminal using my 10mm socket. I always move it out of the way so that there’s no risk of it touching anything that it shouldn’t. Then I move to the positive terminal and move it out of the way as well. When I’m performing this step, I take extra care not to touch my tools to the battery posts.
Remove the Old Battery & Clean Terminals: Once the battery terminals are taken off and safely moved to the side, I used a deep 10mm socket to undo the battery tie down bracket. Then I gently pulled the old battery out of the engine bay and set it safely on the floor out of the way. At this point I used my terminal cleaner to remove any corrosion on the terminals and I used a shop vac to clean out the entire battery area in the engine bay. I also found some rust damage below the battery from acid leakage. So I sanded down the rust and painted over it to preserve the metal. Hopefully this isn’t something you have to worry about.
Installing the New Battery:
Drop the New Battery in: Next, I put the new battery into the tray taking special care to ensure that the terminals are oriented the same way as the factory battery. I always like to make sure there’s nothing accidentally getting pinched as I lower the battery down into the tray. Sometimes the cables can fall down as you’re lowering it.
Install the New MeLe Tie Down: I placed the new tie down over the top of the new Full Throttle battery and centered it correctly. Then I put the j hooks down in their slot one at a time using one hand to hold it and the other hand to thread the nut on. Once both are in place, I snug them both down.
Reconnect Cables: At this point I re-install the positive and then negative cable taking extra care to put them on the correct battery post. Be sure not to reverse the cables. Doing this can severely damage the vehicle.
Safety Checks: I always double check my work and ensure that both terminals are tightened properly.
Post-Installation Finishing Touches:
Fully Charge the System: I use my NoCo charger to top off the new battery and make sure it’s good to go. I do this any time I install a new battery or if the car has been sitting for awhile. I haven’t had a Full Throttle battery lose any charge during shipping, but I check every time regardless.
Idle Re-Learn Process: Many Subarus need to go through a procedure to reset the idle when the battery has been disconnected for a long period of time. This process may vary based on the year and model of your Subaru. But it will drastically improve your car’s performance by taking a few minutes to let it relearn. Here’s the exact video I used to perform the idle relearn process the first time I heard about it:
11. Proper Disposal: Any time I install a new battery, I take the old one to either Oreilly’s or Autozone to have them recycled. Both of those stores currently offer a gift card when you take them an old battery to be recycled. Never dispose of the battery in the trash. They contain toxic chemicals that need to be handled properly.
Premium Battery Tie Down – Why Upgrade?
It’s important to make sure that your battery is absolutely secured without being able to move around. A loose battery can damage your vehicle’s electrical system and even start fires in the event of an accident. This means that your tie down needs to be snugged down against your battery correctly with enough force to hold it tight. The OEM Subaru tie downs are thin, easily rust, and apply concentrated pressure to one small section of the battery. When there’s pressure against a small area on the battery, it can deform the case and lead to premature failure. I wanted to not only dress up the engine bay a little bit but also spread out the force being applied to the top of the battery for a safe, secure fit. I’ve been using MeLe Design Firm products for awhile and their new group 35 tie down was exactly what I needed for this project. So I grabbed one of the hammertone finish models and installed it along with the new battery.
Since these tie downs are 5052 US-sourced aluminum, I won’t have to worry about rust and the wide design will evenly distribute pressure across the battery to hold it in place. I’ve become somewhat of a “parts nerd” that enjoys accessories that display good attention to detail and made using local materials. This mount met those needs and really rounded off this install perfectly. Check out how good it looks compared to the old rusted out mount:
Here’s the old battery setup. Please note that at one point, a previous battery had corroded so bad that it actually caused rust damage to the battery platform on the frame. I had to sand it down and put some paint over it to stop the rust from spreading. Fortunately, I caught it before it spread. You can see some of that rust on the old tie down. It was completely covered in it and had to be thrown away.
Overall, I feel really good about this installation. I haven’t had anymore hard start issues and I know there won’t be anymore corrosion problems with the new battery. These Full Throttle AGM units have been super reliable and have made cold mornings a breeze compared to the old lead-acid batteries I used to have in my cars. AGM batteries are reliable, and the tie-down upgrade looks really. Consider making the switch to a better battery – it’s an investment in your Subaru’s performance and reliability, and it’s one I’ve never regretted.
What kind of batteries are you considering for an upgrade? Share your car's year/make/model and the different batteries you've been looking at.


Ivy Pong is Vice President-Global Taxation at Broadcom Inc. Ms. Pong is also on the board of Emulex Corp.
Ms. Pong previously held the position of Vice President-Global Taxation at Avago Technologies Ltd.
Actieve functies van Ivy Pong
Bedrijven in privébezit
Bedrijven verbonden in de eerste graad
|Bedrijven in privébezit
Computer CommunicationsElectronic Technology
Emulex Corp. provides hardware and software solutions for global networks that support enterprise, cloud, government, and telecommunications. The firm operates through two business segments: Networking and Visibility Segment. The Networking Segment includes network connectivity products (NCP), storage connectivity products (SCP), and advanced technology and other products. Its SCP include InSpeed, switch-on-a-chip or backend connectivity, bridge, and router products; and the advanced technology and other products consists of its pilot integrated baseboard management controllers and other products and services. The company was founded by Fred B. Cox on February 15, 1979 and is headquartered in San Jose, CA.
Broadcom Corp. designs, develops and supplies semiconductors for wired and wireless communications. The company was founded by Henry T. Nicholas III and Henry Samueli on August 16, 1991 and is headquartered in San Jose, CA.
Avago Technologies Ltd.
Avago Technologies Ltd. designs, develops and supplies analog semiconductor devices. It operates through the following segments: Wireless Communications, Wired Infrastructure, Enterprise Storage and Industrial. The firm offers radio frequency semiconductor devices such as front end modules, duplexers, monolithic or discrete microwave integrated circuit filters, diodes and discrete transistors. The company was founded in 1961 and is headquartered in Singapore.


The iPhone has been a staple of modern technology since its initial release in 2007. Over the years, it has undergone various changes and upgrades that have made it one of the most popular smartphones on the market. With each new iteration, we see advancements in design, features, and user experience. As we look ahead to 2023, what can we expect from the latest iPhone? Join us as we explore what’s in store for this beloved device and how it will continue to shape our digital lives.
IPhone in 2023
The iPhone has come a long way since its inception in 2007. With each new release, we’ve seen an evolution of the technology and design that have made it one of the most popular smartphones on the market. Looking ahead to 2023, Apple is poised to introduce another game-changing device.
While details are scarce about what exactly this latest iPhone will entail, we can speculate based on past trends and rumors. It’s likely that it will boast an even more powerful processor than previous models, allowing for lightning-fast speeds and improved multitasking abilities.
In terms of design, we may see a continuation of the sleek and minimalist aesthetic that has become synonymous with the iPhone brand. However, there could also be some innovative changes in store such as foldable screens or new materials.
One thing is certain – user experience will continue to be a top priority for Apple. The latest iOS updates have already brought improvements to features like Siri and facial recognition technology; in 2023 we can expect even more seamless integration between hardware and software.
While specifics remain uncertain at this point in time, one thing is clear: Apple’s commitment to creating cutting-edge technology shows no signs of slowing down anytime soon.
How the iphone has changed over the years
When the very first iPhone was released in 2007, it was a game changer for the mobile industry. With its innovative design and touchscreen interface, it quickly became one of the most popular smartphones on the market.
Over the years, Apple has continued to introduce new features and improvements with each new iPhone model. The introduction of Siri in 2011 further revolutionized how we interact with our phones by introducing voice commands and artificial intelligence technology.
The iPhone’s camera capabilities have also undergone significant changes over time. From basic cameras that could only capture low-quality images to sophisticated multi-lens setups capable of taking stunning photos and videos, iPhones continue to push boundaries when it comes to photography.
In addition to hardware advancements, software updates have added more functionality than ever before. Features like FaceTime video calls and Apple Pay make daily life easier while augmented reality applications bring entirely new experiences right into your hand.
The iPhone has come a long way since its inception. With each passing year bringing exciting new features and technologies, there’s no telling what kind of innovations we can expect from future models.
What to expect from the iphone in 2023
The iPhone has come a long way since its inception in 2007. With every new release, there are exciting and innovative features that leave us eagerly anticipating the next one. So what can we expect from the iPhone in 2023?
One of the biggest things to look forward to is the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The integration of AI into our iPhones will make for a more seamless user experience and provide even more personalization. We can also expect improvements in augmented reality (AR), which will continue to enhance gaming and productivity apps.
In terms of design, we may see a shift towards foldable screens or other unique form factors that offer versatility and convenience. Additionally, with Apple’s commitment to sustainability, we can expect environmentally-friendly materials used in construction.
With each new iteration of the iPhone comes improved battery life – something that consumers have been clamoring for years now. In 2023, it’s possible we’ll see an extended battery life due to advancements made in battery technology.
While price points often increase with newer models, it’s not entirely clear how much an iPhone will cost four years down the line – but this might be offset by financing options such as monthly payments rather than paying upfront.
We’re excited about what’s on the horizon for the future of smartphones – particularly when it comes to what Apple has up their sleeve for their flagship device!
Features of the iphone in 2023
The features of the iPhone continue to evolve with each new release, and we can expect significant changes by 2023. One of the most exciting developments expected is a fully foldable display that will allow for greater portability without sacrificing screen real estate.
In addition to this, we can expect improvements in camera technology with more advanced lenses and sensors capable of capturing even better quality photos and videos. The processing power of the iPhone is also likely to improve significantly, allowing for faster app loading times and smoother multitasking.
Another area where significant advancement is anticipated is in virtual assistant technology; Siri will become smarter than ever before thanks to deep learning algorithms. Additionally, Apple may introduce new health-related features like blood glucose monitoring or sleep tracking.
Security features are set to be enhanced further through facial recognition technology that would make unlocking your phone both quicker and safer. These developments show that Apple continues to push boundaries when it comes to innovation, delivering cutting-edge technology year after year.
The latest iPhone in 2023 will come packed with advanced features that are designed to make our lives easier and more convenient. From AI-powered personal assistants to advanced camera systems, the iPhone has revolutionized the way we communicate, work and live.
One of the main features of the latest iPhone is expected to be a highly-advanced processor which will allow for faster performance, smoother graphics and better battery life. This means that you can expect a seamless user experience when using your iPhone for everything from browsing social media to streaming video content.
Another major feature is likely to be an improved camera system with additional lenses and enhanced image stabilization technology. This means that you can capture stunning photos and record high-quality videos even in low light conditions.
Additionally, Apple’s Siri virtual assistant is also set to become more intuitive than ever before thanks to advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. With Siri’s help, users will be able to carry out complex tasks simply by asking their phone for assistance.
It’s worth noting that there may also be new augmented reality (AR) features on offer too – so get ready for some exciting digital experiences!
Design has always played a crucial role in the success of iPhones. Apple is known for its iconic iPhone designs, which have set new standards in the smartphone industry. The design of an iPhone is not only about aesthetics but also about functionality and user experience.
In 2023, we can expect Apple to continue pushing the boundaries when it comes to iPhone design. With each passing year, we have seen significant improvements in terms of look and feel, screen size and resolution, camera placement, and much more.
The iPhone screens may get even bigger or foldable by 2023 with a better OLED display that offers higher brightness levels and improved color accuracy. We could also see more innovative ways of integrating cameras into the phone’s body without compromising on looks or performance.
Apart from hardware upgrades, software updates will also play a vital role in improving the overall design of iPhones. There could be new features added like customizable icons for apps or widgets that allow users to interact with their device seamlessly.
We can expect Apple to come up with some exciting changes in terms of design while keeping true to its signature style that makes iPhones instantly recognizable as soon as you lay your eyes on them!
The user experience is perhaps one of the most important aspects of any smartphone, and the latest iPhone in 2023 promises to deliver an unparalleled level of usability. With advancements in technology, users can expect a smoother and more fluid experience when navigating their device.
The new iOS operating system will be designed with simplicity in mind, making it easy for users to access all features on their phone without having to navigate through complex menus. Additionally, Apple’s focus on accessibility means that even individuals with disabilities will be able to fully utilize every feature on the phone.
The introduction of augmented reality (AR) into the iPhone also promises to enhance user experience. From gaming experiences to virtual shopping trips, AR has unlimited potential when integrated into smartphones. The new iPhone is expected to take full advantage of this technology by offering seamless integration between hardware and software.
Furthermore, improvements in artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to provide personalized recommendations based on individual usage patterns. This means that as you use your iPhone over time, it will learn your preferences and automatically adjust settings accordingly.
Users can look forward to an intuitive interface that adapts seamlessly based on individual usage patterns and provides endless possibilities through AR integration – all while maintaining Apple’s signature style and elegance.


The Department of Science and Technology is set to put into place a nationwide disaster mitigation system that will help key agencies and personalities make informed decisions to save lives and properties.
Called NOAH or the National Operational Assessment of Hazards and Risks, the program is designed to serve as sentinel that will address the serious challenges brought by extreme hazard events.
“The NOAH Project will enable the government to address the serious challenges brought by extreme hazard events,” DOST Secretary Mario Montejo said. “We will apply advanced S&T tools, such as enhanced vulnerability maps and a shortened six-hour monitoring and warning system for communication along the major river basins.”
NOAH will have seven components that will address major needs in various disaster situations. These include Hydromet sensors development, DREAM-Lidar, FloodNET, Hazards information media, Landslide hazards mapping, Doppler system development, and Storm surge inundation mapping.
With the DOST on the lead, NOAH brings together experts from 21 institutions in close collaboration, including DOST’s PAGASA, PHIVOLCS, Advanced Science and technology Institute, and Science and Technology Information Institute; Department of Interior and Local Government; University of the Philippines National Institute of Geological Sciences and Department
In a country frequently visited by typhoons, tsunamis, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, some of them highly-destructive, the NOAH project comes as helpful as Noah’s ark in biblical times. Natural hazards inflict loss of lives and costly damage to property, with economic losses amounting to billions of pesos each year. Moreover, the continued development in the lowlands and the rapid growth of the population contribute to the damage to infrastructure and human losses.
“This project is so far the most advanced measure implemented by the government in disaster mitigation,” added Sec. Montejo.
NOAH will be formally launched at the National Institute of Physics in UP
. on 18 June 2012 at 2:00 PM. (Framelia V.
Anonas, S&T Media Service) Diliman, QC


Lumagen Models, what differences?
We often get queries from potential customers asking for clarification on the differences between the three models
in the Lumagen range. This little document will hopefully clear things up.
Lumagen DVI: The DVI shares the same form factor as the HDP. Internally there are some differences.
The DVI uses a lower performance FPGA than the HDP. The FPGA is the area where the bulk of the clever Lumagen
processing is done. The DVI also doesn't have the stand off pins fitted to allow retro-fitting of SDI input and
BNC output options. These need to be ordered and fitted in the factory if they are required. From a performance
point of view the DVI is limited to outputting a maximum resolution and refresh rate of 1366x768@60Hz.
It can output lower resolutions at higher refresh rates as long as they are within it's bandwidth limitations.
The component inputs and DVI inputs will accept 720P and 1080i HD signals for de-interlacing and scaling.
While film detection is carried out on the SD sources it is not on HD sources in the DVI model. The scaling
algorithm accuracy is to 8 bits on DVI, but the analogue output is 10bit just as the other units are.
Lumagen HDP: Same form factor as the DVI. Internally it is fitted with connectors to allow in field retro-fitting
of SDI input board or BNC output board. The HDP has a more powerful FPGA that is the same as the HDP Pro's.
This extra processing is systematically being tapped by the Lumagen engineers. Currently they are developing new
10bit scaling and sharpening algorithms. These will not be able to be run on the DVI only on the HDP and HDP Pro.
Film detection for 1080i HD sources is almost complete and should be available in future downloads. Again this is
beyond the processing power of the DVI. The output resolutions available on the HDP are all the way up to 1920x1080P@60Hz.
Lumagen HDP Pro: The HDP Pro has a full width form factor and incorporates an LCD display to aid set up when in a
rack away from the display. The larger case allows superior connectivity over the HDP and DVI. The Standard Definition
BNC analogue inputs on the Pro can be configured for component, s-video or composite. Used in conjunction with the HD
component inputs the s-video sockets can be used to allow RGBHV from PC or RGBcvS from Scart. SDI inputs and BNC outputs
are standard on the PRO. The HDP and Pro share the same processing capabilities as they have same FPGA and SD
de-interlacing circuitry. The Pro has superior internal power supply sections and the true 75ohm analogue pathway
will mean that on a high resolution CRT projector you should see an improvement in image quality with a Pro over an HDP.
The Pro comes with two sets of high quality RCA to BNC component cables and two sets of s-video to BNC cables. Rack mount
ears are also provided.
If you have questions about any of this or about Lumagen products in general, please feel free to email us at
(Click here to go back to Articles archive)
Copyright ©2003-2005 Convergent-AV. Not For Re-Publication.


Refer to the exhibit. What two pieces of information can be determined from the output that is shown? (Choose two.)
The local host is using three client sessions.
The local host is using web sessions to a remote server.
The local host is listening for TCP connections using public addresses.
The local host is using well-known port numbers to identify the source ports.
The local host is performing the three-way handshake with 192.168.1.101:1037.
2. After a web browser makes a request to a web server that is listening to the standard port, what will be the source port number in the TCP header of the response from the server?
3. Which information is found in both the TCP and UDP header information?
source and destination
4. Which is an important characteristic of UDP?
acknowledgement of data delivery
minimal delays in data delivery
high reliability of data delivery
same order data delivery
Refer to the exhibit. Host A is using FTP to download a large file from Server 1. During the download process, Server 1 does not receive an acknowledgment from Host A for several bytes of transferred data. What action will Server 1 take as a result?
create a Layer 1 jam signal
reach a timeout and resend the data that needs to be acknowledged
send a RESET bit to the host
change the window size in the Layer 4 header
6. Refer to the exhibit. In line 7 of this Wireshark capture, what TCP operation is being performed?
Refer to the exhibit. The initial TCP exchange of data between two hosts is shown in the exhibit. Assuming an initial sequence number of 0, what sequence number will be included in Acknowledgment 2 if Segment 6 is lost?
8. Why is flow control used for TCP data transfer?
to synchronize equipment speed for sent data
to synchronize and order sequence numbers so data is sent in complete numerical order
to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by incoming data
to synchronize window size on the server
to simplify data transfer to multiple hosts
9. During a TCP communication session, if the packets arrive to the destination out of order, what will happen to the original message?
The packets will not be delivered.
The packets will be retransmitted from the source.
The packets will be delivered and reassembled at the destination.
The packets will be delivered and not reassembled at the destination.
10. With TCP/IP data encapsulation, which range of port numbers identifies all well-known applications?
0 to 255
256 to 1022
0 to 1023
1024 to 2047
49153 to 65535
11. Which transport layer protocol provides low overhead and would be used for applications which do not require reliable data delivery?
12. What are two features of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? (Choose two.)
sequence and acknowledgements
13. What mechanism is used by TCP to provide flow control as segments travel from source to destination?
14. What is dynamically selected by the source host when forwarding data?
destination logical address
source physical address
default gateway address
15. Why are port numbers included in the TCP header of a segment?
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order
16. Which two options represent Layer 4 addressing? (Choose two.)
identifies the destination network
identifies source and destination hosts
identifies the communicating applications
identifies multiple conversations between the hosts
identifies the devices communicating over the local media
17. Which three features allow TCP to reliably and accurately track the transmission of data from source to destination?
numbering and sequencing
best effort delivery
18. Which OSI model layer is responsible for regulating the flow of information from source to destination, reliably and accurately?
Based on the transport layer header shown in the diagram, which of the following statements describe the established session? (Choose two.)
This is a UDP header.
**This contains a Telnet request.
This contains a TFTP data transfer.
The return packet from this remote host will have an Acknowledgement Number of 43693.
**This is a TCP header.
20. Which event occurs during the transport layer three-way handshake?
The two applications exchange data.
**TCP initializes the sequence numbers for the sessions.
UDP establishes the maximum number of bytes to be sent.
The server acknowledges the bytes of data received from the client.
Refer to the exhibit. Host1 is in the process of setting up a TCP session with Host2. Host1 has sent a SYN message to begin session establishment. What happens next?
Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 0, SYN flag = 0 to Host2.
Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 0 to Host2.
Host1 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 1 to Host2.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 0, SYN flag = 1 to Host1.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 0 to Host1.
Host2 sends a segment with the ACK flag = 1, SYN flag = 1 to Host1.


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How powerful is the Huawei Mate 10’s inbuilt AI? Powerful enough to drive a Porsche, as we found out.
We’ve just returned from the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, where phone and computer manufacturers show off their latest products and prototypes. With so much cutting-edge technology on display it takes something pretty special to corner people’s attention. And this was the challenge we were posed by Red Consultancy at the end of 2017 - how can we capture the imagination of such a tech-savvy audience and demonstrate the power of the Huawei Mate 10’s inbuilt AI?
We spent a week testing the Mate 10 and found that the phone’s image recognition provided the opportunity we needed. Our theory was that if we could use the image recognition to identify approaching objects, we could attach the Mate 10 to a robot-controlled car and use it to send driver commands. But could we turn theory into reality in just 6 weeks?
On February 26th the RoadReader project arrived at Mobile World Congress, and the world’s press took their seat inside a Porsche driven by the Huawei Mate 10.
Watch the video below to see The Verge explain the technology and follow the link to see the BBC take a spin.


College Tech Prep Program - Fairfield Career Center
Be the one they call for help.
Would you like to help “bridge the gap” between technology and everyday computer users? If so, a career in computer and network support is for you!
In Computer & Network Support Technology, students study computer repair and maintenance, installation and use of application software, as well as network design, installation, security, and troubleshooting. Students will work toward a variety of certifications from CompTIA, Cisco, and Microsoft.
Students interested in this program should have a strong math foundation. College preparatory coursework and the completion of Algebra I by the start of the program are also recommended.
Learn at fiber-optic speed.
Most employers are seeking candidates with a two- to four-year degree to work in this field. Get a jump start on college with the availability of college credits.
To learn more about college credits at Eastland-Fairfield Career & Technical Schools, please visit our college credit
Get the know-how.
Become skilled at building and repairing computers, in addition to designing, installing, and securing both wired and wireless computer networks. Test your skills in our simulation pods through real-world scenarios in which you get the chance to build and troubleshoot your own networks complete with servers, routers, switches, and wireless access points.
- application software installation & use
- computer and network security
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Ford and TomTom recently joined forces by signing a multi-year contract. TomTom will provide some of the next-generation navigation features for the upcoming Ford models, particularly using SYNC® 4 in-vehicle infotainment technology. And you’ll be able to find TomTom technology starting with the 2021 model year.
Offered on the 2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E and the 2021 Ford F-150, this TomTom technology will provide information about traffic congestion, real-time updates, parking information (spots and pricing), nearby restaurants, and more. There’s easy-to-use natural speech recognition and over-the-air updates as well, so you’ll always have the latest information.
“Their next-generation SYNC technologies have twice the computing power of the previous-generation system to do much more, including real-time, smartphone-like mapping that can help you adjust on the fly to quicker routes based on their network of millions of connected devices,” said Stuart Taylor, executive director of Enterprise Connectivity.
In particular, the 2021 Mustang Mach-E comes with several exciting features to make the most of this new TomTom contract. This includes the all-new SYNC® 4A system, which comes with a special 15.5-inch screen, dash cards (as opposed to a traditional menu), and a Ford Intelligent Range feature to help you optimize range per charge.
Celebrate Ford’s progressive trajectory when you stop by Jordan Ford to test-drive a shiny new Ford model.


Battery Pack mini
Charge on the go, with the Samsung 2100mAh Battery Pack mini. With a universal USB port output, you can charge smartphones or other electronics capable of charging via USB. The battery pack comes with an included USB to Micro USB cable for charging a mobile device from the battery or charging the battery via a USB charging source (not included). The battery pack's 2100mAh capacity can be recharged over and over. When fully powered, the battery pack holds enough juice to provide up to half a charge for most smartphones.


New facility developed in response to increasing demand for electric powertrains
Advanced Battery Development Suite will provide dedicated facilities for high voltage battery testing in both climatic and EMC environments
Announcement comes weeks after the launch of HORIBA MIRA’s Advanced Emissions Test Centre
HORIBA MIRA – a world-leader in advanced engineering, research and product testing – is enhancing its test and engineering capabilities with a dedicated Advanced Battery Development Suite.
The Development Suite, which represents £2m of investment by the HORIBA Group into HORIBA MIRA’s engineering capabilities, will provide test and development services for battery packs and other components for hybrid and electric vehicles.
The facility will enable HORIBA MIRA to complete battery pack testing, simulated battery pack testing, integration testing and development of powertrain and battery packs at system level including EMC characterisation.
The 2000 sq. ft. test centre, which starts construction this month, is a dedicated facility for the testing and development of high voltage battery systems. The facility is capable of high resolution cell characterisation as well as testing battery modules and packs through representative charge and discharge cycles at a wide range of temperatures to provide full representative testing profiles. The Development Suite provides unique levels of testing capability for the UK, with the ability to test battery packs at up to 600kW, 1200A and 1000V.
The facility is set for completion by the end of 2017, and will continue the growth of HORIBA MIRA’s capability in sustainable technologies.
Dr. George Gillespie OBE, CEO at HORIBA MIRA, said: “By 2020, 26 per cent of vehicles across the globe will have an electrified powertrain. The increase in electric and hybrid vehicles demands improved test facilities, which can keep pace with the changing requirements for battery range and thermodynamic efficiency - which is exactly why we’re developing the Advanced Battery Development Suite.
“This investment, in addition to the recent launch of our Advanced Emissions Testing Centre, which is already performing incredibly well, demonstrates HORIBA MIRA’s commitment to reducing vehicle emissions through improved testing facilities and expertise, and we look forward to officially opening our new battery suite towards the end of the year.”
This latest investment follows on the heels of a £0.5m investment earlier this year on a range of High Voltage EMC testing products to support the latest developments in plug-in vehicle technology. The Advanced Battery Development Suite also complements an existing battery validation test facility, which is located at HORIBA MIRA’s Quatro Park facility, based near Basildon in Essex.


Save $100 with Free Shipping on Surface Pro 3 tablet with Promo Code
Roy MikhailFor all those who love to use products designed and developed by Microsoft can now be happy to know that the company has come up with devices like Surface 3 and Surface Pro 3 which have practically revolutionized the digital world. Surface 3 is a unique combination of laptop and tablet that can be a useful gadget when it comes to professional or personal usage by an individual. Firstly it is quite light and can be easily carried over to any place at ease. Next what you might like would be its look which is has a magnesium alloy body and an adjustable kickstand that allows you to work at different angles. The resolution is perfect with as aspect ratio of 3:2 and you can work with it for longer hours as there are several charging options available for the same.
The company has launched the device at every retail store and you can get several coupon codes for discounts. If you search the internet you can also get several such microsoft store Surface Pro 3 Promo Code offers which gives you a unique chance to be a winner of the wonderful device at a much reasonable price. you can store several movies and videos or photographs inside Surface 3 as that has a capacity of 128GB of hard drive which can be extended up t 200 GB additionally. Further since the device is powered by Windows 10 there will be no problem for you to continue working just like your PC.
Along with Surface 3, the company has also come up with Surface Pro 3 which is another marvel from Microsoft for people who swear by their products. The CPU is faster and the device is thinner as well as stylish enough to look grand on your hands. The battery backup is awesome allowing you to work for more than 9 hours which is an important aspect for people who even continue working while they are travelling and has no means to put the device on charging unit. The 4TH Generation Intel core processor with a TPM chip that enhances security of the device is quite well appreciated by the users all over the world and in order to make the entire system compatible the company has also fitted Windows 10 in order to make it easier for the users.
The company has announced several microsoft surface pro 3 coupon codes which is surely great news for young professionals. The device also comes up well with several ports which allow it to get connected to different accessories which are an essential factor today for youth. It has USB ports, mini display ports, hot swap micro SD as well as audio jacks in order to make it a perfect gadget for 21st century and even beyond. Another thing that makes Surface pro 3 even more interesting is the feature called InstantGo, that allows auto update and auto maintenance of the device as it is connected to AC. So enjoy being an elite Microsoft user now!
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IMPORTANCE AND REVIEWS OF iPHONE 15 TO BUSINESSES
iPhones have more tight security than Android, on account of the restrictive Apple Apps Store, closed ecosystem, and prompt updates. These make iOS challenging to invade. Likewise, an iPhone is incredibly probably not going to be contaminated with a virus.
Keep in mind that the actual impact of the iPhone 15 on businesses would depend on its features and the specific needs of individual organizations.
Here are some potential ways a new iPhone release could be important to businesses:
New iPhone models often come with improved processing power, better cameras, and advanced software features. These enhancements can help employees work more efficiently, communicate effectively, and produce high-quality content, which can benefit various aspects of a business.
Security and Data Protection:
Apple places a strong emphasis on security and privacy. New iPhone models typically come with improved security features, such as biometric authentication (Face ID or Touch ID) and encryption. This can help businesses protect sensitive data and maintain compliance with privacy regulations.
Compatibility and Integration:
If the iPhone 15 introduces new hardware or software capabilities, it may offer better compatibility with business applications and services. This can streamline workflows and make it easier for employees to access and use essential tools.
Mobile Device Management (MDM):
Many businesses use Mobile Device Management solutions to manage their fleet of mobile devices, including iPhones. New iPhone models may offer additional MDM features and capabilities, making it easier for IT departments to control and secure these devices.
If the iPhone 15 has features that enhance customer engagement, such as improved augmented reality (AR) capabilities or better camera technology, businesses in industries like retail, e-commerce, and marketing may find new opportunities to connect with customers and drive sales.
New iPhone models often introduce new capabilities that app developers can leverage. Businesses that rely on mobile apps to reach customers or manage internal processes may benefit from the availability of advanced features for app development.
Offering the latest iPhone to employees can be a perk that boosts morale and attracts top talent. Employees who have access to up-to-date technology may also be more productive and satisfied in their roles.
Using the latest iPhone models can convey a sense of innovation and modernity to customers and partners, which can enhance a company’s brand image.
iPhone 15 Review
The iPhone 15 is the latest and greatest smartphone from Apple, and it’s packed with new features and improvements over its predecessor. In this review, we’ll take a closer look at everything the iPhone 15 has to offer, and help you decide if it’s the right phone for you.
The iPhone 15 has a similar design to the iPhone 14, with a flat-edge aluminum frame and a glass back. However, there are a few key changes. First, the notch has been replaced with a new Dynamic Island cutout, which is smaller and more discreet. Second, the rear camera bump is now slightly smaller and less pronounced. Finally, Apple has switched to a USB-C port instead of Lightning.
Overall, the iPhone 15 has a clean and modern design that is both familiar and new. It’s also very well-built and feels durable in the hand.
The iPhone 15 has a 6.1-inch Super Retina XDR OLED display with a resolution of 2532×1170 pixels and a pixel density of 460ppi. The display is sharp, bright, and colorful, and it offers excellent viewing angles. It also supports HDR10 and Dolby Vision content.
One of the biggest new features of the iPhone 15’s display is its variable refresh rate. This means that the display can adjust its refresh rate from 1Hz to 120Hz depending on the content being displayed. This helps to save battery life and improve performance.
The iPhone 15 is powered by the new A16 Bionic chip, which is the fastest mobile chip on the market. The A16 Bionic chip is based on a 5nm process and features a new 6-core CPU and a new 5-core GPU.
In terms of performance, the iPhone 15 is blazing fast. It can handle even the most demanding tasks with ease, and it never lags or stutters. It also offers excellent gaming performance, and it can run even the most demanding games at high frame rates.
The iPhone 15 has a triple-lens rear camera system with a new 48MP main sensor. The other two sensors are a 12MP ultrawide sensor and a 12MP telephoto sensor with 3x optical zoom.
The new 48MP main sensor on the iPhone 15 is a significant upgrade over the 12MP sensor on the iPhone 14. It captures more detail and produces sharper images, especially in low light conditions.
The ultrawide and telephoto sensors on the iPhone 15 are also excellent. The ultrawide sensor captures a wide field of view, and the telephoto sensor allows you to zoom in on distant subjects without losing any detail.
Overall, the iPhone 15 has one of the best camera systems on any smartphone. It’s capable of taking stunning photos and videos in all types of lighting conditions.
The iPhone 15 has a 3,240mAh battery, which is slightly larger than the battery in the iPhone 14. This results in a noticeable improvement in battery life. The iPhone 15 can easily last a full day on a single charge, even with heavy use.
The iPhone 15 comes pre-installed with iOS 17, the latest version of Apple’s mobile operating system. iOS 17 is a major update that includes a number of new features and improvements, such as a new lock screen, a new Focus mode, and a new Messages app.
iOS 17 is also very well-optimized, and it runs smoothly and efficiently on the iPhone 15. It’s also very stable, and we didn’t experience any crashes or bugs during our testing.
The iPhone 15 is an excellent smartphone. It has a sleek design, a powerful chip, a great display, a superb camera system, and long battery life. It’s also running the latest and greatest version of iOS.
If you’re looking for the best smartphone on the market, the iPhone 15 is a great option. It’s expensive, but it’s worth the money if you want the best of the best.
- Sleek design
- Powerful chip
- Great display
- Superb camera system
- Long battery life
- Latest version of iOS
- Not many new features over the iPhone 14
It’s important to note that the specific impact of the iPhone 15 on businesses will depend on its unique features and how well they align with the needs and strategies of each organization. As new information becomes available, businesses should assess whether upgrading to the iPhone 15 makes sense for their particular circumstances.


Direct Digital RF/MMW technologies – Challenges for Beyond Nyquist Frequency Range
Digital RF technology has been developed and applied to below 6GHz wireless applications. By replacing the IC die consumptive RF/analog circuit blocks by digital signal processing/circuits, digital rich/small transceiver can be realized. Since this technology is based on the Nyquist theory, the operational frequency of the circuit is limited by the Nyquist frequency (= 1/2 of sampling clock frequency.) Since the clock frequency of conventional transceiver is below 10GHz, the operational RF frequency.
Noriharu Suematsu was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1962. He received the B.S., M.S., and Dr.Eng. degrees from Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
In 1987, he joined the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Japan. From 1992 to 1993, he was a visiting researcher at the University of Leeds, U.K. Since 2010, he has been a professor of the Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Japan. His research interests are microwave/millimeter-wave transceivers including MMICS’s/Si-RFICs and digital RF technologies.
Professor Suematsu served as a general chair of IEEE RFIT2015, APMC2014 and served as a TPC member of IEEE IMS, RFIC symposium and EuMC.


Enhancing Business Security: A Guide to Security Camera Systems and Installation
Discover the latest insights on security camera systems, including wireless and IP cameras, and gain expert knowledge on their installation and optimization. From placement strategies to software features, this comprehensive guide empowers you to protect your assets, employees, and customers effectively. Don’t leave your business’s safety to chance – embark on the path to a more secure environment today.
Different types of wireless and wired security camera for business
- Dome Camera
- Bullet Camera
- PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) Camera
- IP Camera
- Analog Camera
- Wireless Camera
- Thermal Camera
- 360-Degree Camera (Fisheye Camera)
- Infrared (IR) Camera
- Covert or Hidden Camera
- License Plate Recognition (LPR) Camera
- 360-Degree Panoramic Camera
- Smart Camera
Here are some features of business security camera systems
How to Choose the Best NVR or DVR Camera System for Your Business
DVR security systems vs. cloud-based NVR IP camera
DVR Camera System Specs:
- A DVR system uses analog security cameras. These are not the latest security camera system available, so they tend to be cheaper to buy – an important consideration if you are on a budget. Investing in a
- DVR recorder for cameras is a more cost-effective option.
- DVR systems are useful if you have an existing security system that you don’t plan to fully upgrade in the near future. It is possible to make affordable improvements to your existing system by changing features such as cables, connectors, encoders, and even the software you use to monitor video data.
- Similarly, DVR systems are more versatile if you want to mix and match different CCTV camera types and brands.
- As video transmission is analog, the cybersecurity threat is far less than that of IP cameras and network video recorders, which use an internet connection to transmit video.
NVR (Wireless Security IP Camera) Camera System Specs:
- IP cameras and ethernet cables do not have the same constraints as analog cameras and coaxial cables. IP cameras – especially wireless cameras – can be installed over a much larger area without compromising video quality. Ethernet cables transmit video over an internet connection, so the signal will not degrade over long distances.
- An ethernet cable is thinner than a coaxial cable, making it ideal for hard-to-install areas where bulky cabling will not fit as well.
- IP cameras use more modern technology to provide digital footage. If you want HD video and audio, or even just better-quality video, then an IP camera system is the best choice for you.
- IP cameras also have in-built additional features that analog cameras are not capable of, such as remote pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras, smart motion detection, video analytics, license plate recognition, and more.
If you have a security consultant helping you create your security control center, or you have the budget and expertise to invest in the very latest digital video recording cameras and recording technology, then a cutting-edge NVR security system might be the perfect fit for your business requirements.


Furi BOPP Tape, Masking Tape, Duct Tape, Double-Sided Rewinding Machine Auto Log Roll Converting Machine Auto Adhesive Tape Rewinder
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- Model NO.: FR-808
- Power: 8kw
- Noise Hood: Optional
- Motor: Taiwan Teco
- Trademark: FURI
- Origin: Kunshan, Jiangsu
- PLC: Japan Mitsubishi
- Auto Jumbo up-Lifter: Optional
- Inverter: Japan Yaskawa
- Voltage: 380V, 50Hz
- Specification: CE. ISO9001: 2008
- HS Code: 84778000
Suitable for BOPP tape, PE, PET, masking tape, double-sided tape, release paper and many other adhesive and non-adhesive materials.
Automatic length setting: The two-step length counter provides accurate rewinding length control. Once the set length is reached, servo motor is adopted so that shafts will instantly and automatically change, ensuring easy operation and efficient performance.
Programmable controller: The high performance programmable controller offers convenient control of the entire rewinding operation. Both length and tension are accurately displayed by LCD readout.
The paper core is held firmly on the pneumatic shaft. With easy, fast loading and unloading, it greatly improves efficiency.
Automatic smoothing device (optional): This wipe down device fully eliminates the problem of wrinkling and air bubbles in the product after rewindng. This device further ensures the smoothness of product.
Oil pressure material loading device (optional): This device offers easy material loading for operational convenience and improves efficiency.
The pressing roller is controlled by the cylinder and the pressure is adjustable. The semi-finished products are properly pressed to ensure smooth, stable running during rewinding.
Main Technical Parameters
Effective width 1.3m 1.6m
Max. Unwind diameter 1000 mm
Max. Rewind diameter 300mm
Max. Working speed 180M/Min
I. D. Of paper core 1"-3"
Main motor 5HP*2
Air pressure 6Bar


Xiaochun Yun, Weiping Wen, Bo Lang, Hanbing Yan, Li Ding, Jia Li, Yu ZhouDate Published
August 14, 2019Subject
This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Annual Conference on Cyber Security, CNCERT 2018, held in Beijing, China, in August 2018. The 14 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers cover the following topics: emergency response, mobile internet security, IoT security, cloud security, threat intelligence analysis, vulnerability, artificial intelligence security, IPv6 risk research, cybersecurity policy and regulation research, big data analysis and industrial security.


Getting started with HUUE™
First time with HUUE™?
Let's get you started. It's a quick and convenient process specifically designed to have you on your way in no time. Just follow the simple steps below for first-time setup of your HUUE™ vaporizer. Enjoy responsibly!
Charge your HUUE™ vaporizer to 100% prior to first use.
Plug in your device using the micro USB charging cable (included). Let your device charge to 100% before removing the cable. The LED light will turn solid to let you know when it’s done.
Drop a puck into the HUUE™ vaporizer.
Press firmly on the sides of your HUUE™ tin to release the childproof lock and slide back the top. Peel back the seal, grab a puck from the tin, and set it to the side. Next, remove the magnetic mouthpiece from your device and drop a puck (or two) into the chamber.
Tap the button 5 times to power on.
To power on your vaporizer, quickly press the LED button located on the front of your device 5 times. You’ll see the light turn on and feel a small vibration to let you know things are heating up.
Tap the button 3 times to set the temperature.
To set your desired temperature, press the LED button 3 times to cycle through the options. The light will change color to let you know which temperature is selected. The Blue setting is coolest and easiest on your throat. Green (recommended) is optimal for both flavor and terpene benefit. Red is warmest and gives the strongest effect.
GREEN: Optimal Flavor
RED: Warmer & Stronger
*If you're using HUUE™ with an alternative vaporizer, we recommend a temperature of 401°F / 220°C.
Slowly inhale to desired effect & strength.
Once you've selected a temperature, your device will vibrate to let you know heating is complete. Now you can enjoy your HUUE™! Take slow, deep inhales for ~2-4 seconds, and repeat as needed until you've reached your desired effect.
When You're Done
Tap the button 5 times to power off.
Once you've finished, quickly press the LED button 5 times to power off your device. If the puck has fully depleted, remove the mouthpiece and gently tip the device to dispose of HUUE™ puck. If it has not depleted, you may leave the puck within your device and reuse at any time.


Naval War College provost to discuss challenges of new technologies
Humanity is on the verge of multiple technological revolutions that will change how people work as well as the quality and length of their lives.
Lewis Duncan, provost of the U.S. Naval War College, will visit Salve Regina Wednesday, Oct. 5 to discuss the ethical and societal implications of these new technologies. Sponsored by the Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy, “The Ethical Challenge of New Technologies” will be held at 7 p.m. in the Young Building. To RSVP, visit the Pell Center’s Eventbrite page.
Internationally recognized as an accomplished research scientist in experimental space physics and radiophysics, Duncan is also a leading scholar in the societal and ethical implications of emerging technologies. He remains active in the field of international security studies, participates in national science and technology policy discussions, and is a frequent contributor on issues of higher education strategic change, technology-assisted student-centered learning and STEM educational reform.
Duncan serves on the board of directors of the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, responsible for management of the U.S. National Laboratory of the International Space Station. He is also an associated fellow of the U.N. Institute for Training and Research, supporting the U.N. Operational Satellite Applications Technology program.
For more information on Duncan’s lecture, contact the Pell Center at (401) 341-2927 or firstname.lastname@example.org.


Are we in a simulation? Could The Matrix be ‘based on a true story’?
The Wachowski siblings, responsible for the Matrix trilogy, took their inspiration from a 20th century science fiction author who can be credited with many of sci-fi’s most mind-bending blockbusters (Man in the High Castle, Blade Runner, and The Adjustment Bureau to name a few).
Philip K. Dick was his name, and he wrote these stories based on his own experience. In 1977 he said, “we are living in a computer generated reality and the only clue we have to it is when some variable is changed and some alteration in our reality occurs.”1
He claimed that he could remember an alternative reality before the ‘program’ was rewound and rerun with alterations.
He believed that this explained the feeling of Deja Vu. That strange sensation of feeling like you’ve lived a moment before, and then as it begins to unfold you somehow know what series of events are about to happen for a brief moment, such as what someone is about to say. He believed that you had experienced this moment before, and that the simulation had been rerun with some minor alteration.
How quantum physics might be proving a simulated reality
Eastern philosophy, Simulations and Quantum physics all agree on one thing. What you see is an illusion.
Eastern mystics are insistent that the only way to “wake up” is to recognize the true nature of reality and the illusory nature of the reality around us.
A simulation is the culmination of pixels (we’ll come back to this) creating some type of visual display. While the current VR standard is mostly audio/visual, pioneering companies are attempting to develop new technology to enhance the experience and create a more realistic simulation through things like haptic feedback.
Quantum physics is a running world proof that might help us to consider the possibility of a simulated reality. In it, we study particles at atomic and subatomic levels. When we look at our ‘reality’ on such microscopic scales, objects began to dissolve into vast amounts of space and information. Whatever object you’re looking at right now isn’t really very solid at all. In fact, it’s more space that particle, and the particles that are present are basically energy. The floor or chair beneath you is the same. The only reason you don’t fall through it is because your particles are vibrating at different rates.
Your senses are also somewhat of an illusion. Although it feels like you’re touching your phone or your laptop you’re reading this on, that feedback is actually happening in your brain. Seeing isn’t happening in your eyes; hearing isn’t taking place in your ears; smell isn’t happening in your nose. All of your sensory experiences are taking place through electrochemical signals being fed to your brain.
It begins to sound a lot like a complex virtual reality device, doesn’t it?
The Observer effect
One main and currently unsolved aspect of quantum physics is the influence of the observer.
A probability wave collapses to a specific reality only when there is an observer.
The most famous example is the example of Shrodinger’s cat. He uses the example of a cat in a box. When you open the box the cat can be either alive or dead. So, let’s say the probability is 50/50. Now, in the realm of quantum physics, that cat is both alive and dead at the same time, that is, until you open the box. Reality then settles on one state when you observe.
It is as if we need to have someone looking at the thing to determine what the thing is, otherwise the thing is really just a mass of floating probabilities.
“This means that the observer, who is a conscious entity, is participating in the outcome of the results of physical phenomena, at least at the subatomic level. This led to an uncomfortable idea for many scientists that consciousness was somehow involved in the physical universe,”.1
This idea is also referred to as Quantum Indeterminacy. Quantum Indeterminacy is the idea that the world may not be “rendered” if we aren’t looking at it. Video games use techniques to optimize processing, and only render that part of the world that can be viewed by the player at one time.
Is our reality made of pixels?
Max Planck, one of the founders of the study of quantum physics, found that there was potentially a minimum measurable distance in the universe, beyond which space is meaningless.
This corresponds to simulations and video games, in that they use a digital, or minimum measurement which renders the information. This is known as a pixel, meaning picture element. It is the smallest element in a displayed image.
The finding of this minimum length also meant that it was likely that there was a minimum length of time, The equation for which came to be known as the Planck Time Constant. Similarly, a video game, even though appearing to be running smoothly, is actually a series of rendered images based on input. For example, a video game usually runs at either 30fps or 60fps meaning frames per second. Television is also displayed in a similar way, running at either 24 or 25 frames per second.
Why is this important?
It puts forward the idea that we are experiencing a digital rather than an analogue reality. There may be minimum measurements of time and space.
So what’s running the simulation?
One of the biggest dilemmas of the simulation hypothesis is the computing power required to run a simulation as large as the universe. Current skeptics believe that the size of the computer needed to generate the universe would be as big as the universe itself. However, the future makes a habit of bringing technologies we could not have imagined; the video game No Man’s Sky uses algorithms and a 64 bit processing unit to procedurally generate 18 quintillion planets, which is the largest number that can be represented with exactly 64 bits.
“Quantum computing … shows us that what we think of as fundamental particles are actually information—and the physical universe is thus a quantum computer! Even if the simulation required exactly the same number of particles that are in the physical world, the fact that quantum computers now exist gives us a clue that the physical universe is most likely a super-sophisticated quantum computer.”1
So.. the computer could be the universe itself. Things keep getting weirder.
In support of this, physics states that energy is never lost, it simply changes forms. Equally, computing power is not lost, processing power is freed up to run new processes.
Cheat codes, Breaking the code, and UFOs
Another interesting connection is the constraint of the speed of light. In video games, there is a set of constraints placed on the game by its physics engine. These are usually designated by the programmer. In theory, it would be possible to override these constraints to do strange things like cheat codes, for example.
Methods of breaking or perhaps avoiding these constraints may currently exist.
A study of plants run by Cleve Backster showed that they could register signals from a human being and this signal when tested appeared to travel instantly and therefore beyond the speed of light, operating like instant messaging in a massively multiplayer game.
That could mean that there would need to be some system ‘outside’ of the universe through which it could travel. Using this concept we may also be able to explain often reported phenomena such as astral projection or remote viewing. The participant is somehow overriding or stepping outside of this ‘generated reality’. In this case, their consciousness through which they are experiencing these strange occurrences may itself exist outside the boundaries of the physics engine.
The Quantum connection
In Quantum physics, Quantum entanglement is the exchange of information between two particles beyond the speed of light. This has been evidenced through experimentation. Quantum entanglement, although unexplainable may show that something exists outside of space time for it to be possible for information to be transferred beyond it.
This place ‘outside’ the generated reality could have some relation to the ‘Akashic Realm’ of eastern studies; a place where all information of every moment of time is recorded. It sounds a lot like the code of a simulated game. Within the code is stored all possible outcomes and conditions of those outcomes. It includes the future and the past. Could it be from here that people claim to have received instant downloads of visions of the future or memories of the past? Could it be here that people sometimes visit in their sleep and come back with revolutionary ideas?
Rizwan Virk uses this as an explanation for the UFO phenomenon:
1. Maneuverability. UFOs show maneuverability that defies the laws of physics.
2. Materialization. UFOs sometimes materialize out of thin air or disappear.
3. Subjectively Visible. Sometimes one witnesses the UFO and others don’t, so there seem to be both objective and subjective aspects of the experience.
These three reported aspects of UFO sightings only make sense when we think of physical reality as a computer simulation or a video game rather than an “objective shared physical reality,” evidenced, namely:
1. Physics Engines. Video games have physics engines that can be flouted easily by the programmers.
2. Rendering. Objects can be rendered anywhere in the video game so it looks like they appeared out of nowhere.
3. Conditional rendering. Since all the rendering is done on individual computers, it’s possible for one player to see an object in a scene that is not visible to other players, a process we call narrowcasting.
Why would we run a simulation?
One theory is the idea of Ancestor simulation. This is not too dissimilar to The Matrix. The idea that we live in a time where some aspect of history has gone, perhaps we know longer exist in a physically stable realm and experience many possibilities at once, and wish to experience things in a linear way, or of a time past.
In the reverse, it could be one entity with the ability to run a simulation and experience many possibilities as once (in correlation with the idea of a supreme being). In this case each individual would actually be some element of the (single) Player. Something more akin to SimCity.
There could be any number of reasons, and it becomes even more baffling as we go on. Rizwan Virk explains, that if we can get to what is known as the simulation point i.e. we can create a simulation as real as our current ‘reality’ then the likelihood that we are already in a simulation is much more likely. And that extrapolated out is that the likelihood that simulation is in another simulation is also more likely.
As a famous patient of psychologist William James explained when she said that a turtle was holding up the Earth and he asked well, what what was holding up the turtle, she told James, obviously, it’s “turtles all the way down!”
1. Rizwan Virk, The Simulation Hypothesis, Bayview Books, ISBN: 0983056900
2. Peter Tompkins & Christopher Bird, The Secret Life of Plants, Harpercollins, ISBN: 9780062874429
3. David Eagleman, The Brain, Vintage Books, ISBN: 978-0-525-43344-6


In a brushed motor, electricity (whether it's corded or cordless) comes through two spring-loaded carbon brushes located on each side of the motor's shaft (the spring keeps the physical contact between the brushes and the commutator). The brushes come into contact with the commutator, a part of the motors that is fixed to the motor shaft. The commutator then transfers that electric current to the armature which is also attached to the motor shaft. The armature is made up of tightly wrapped bundles of copper wiring which the electricity travels through, creating an electromagnetic field. Fixed magnets are located outside of the motor that spin the motor when the armature becomes electromagnetically charged. It will continue spinning until the charge from the battery stops.
Pros of the brushed motor are that it's a simple structure and it's lower in price.
A con of the brushed motor is that the brushes are in physical contact with the commutator. This results in friction (causing a loss of energy) and wear and tear. Brushes require replacing after a period of time.
Brushless MotorsBrushless motors are not a marketing scheme, there is a legitimate physical difference in structure and operation of the tool. In a brushless motor, the positions of the armature and the magnets are switched. The armature is fixed outside the motor and the magnets are on the rotor part of the of the motor. There is no commutator and NO carbon brushes (brushless). You might now be wondering, how does the electric current travel without the brushes? WELL...
The brushless motor features a very small circuit board that regulates the power traveling to the armature (this is why brushless is a little pricier than brushed). There is a sensor that detects the motion of the rotor and when the circuit board distributes electric current to the armature, the same electromagnetic field is born and voila, the motor shafts starts spinning!
The sensor in a brushless motor also benefits the user by maintaining a power supply adapted to the application at hand (often brushless tools are called "smarter" tools). The more resistance the object that is being worked on has, the more electric current will be released because of the sensor. Brushed consistently only run on its maximum speed when in use.
Pros & ConsPros of brushless motors are that it has little-to-no friction, making it more efficient, therefore a battery and run time will last longer. Brushless motors are also lower maintenance because they don't have carbon brushes.
The con of the brushless motor is the increase in cost compared to brushed motor tools.
Fun factoid: the brushless electric motor was first introduced by Makita!
Thanks for checking out our blog and make sure to take advantage of our March Madness sale! Each week of March, new items are marked down DRASTICALLY. Once the week is over, that sale is GONE. No rainchecks. Have a great day!


Niograph Unify all your data, analytics and AI on Databricks Lakehouse Platform
The Databricks Lakehouse Platform unifies your data warehousing and AI uses cases on a single platform. It combines the best elements of data lakes and data warehouses to deliver the reliability, strong governance and performance of data warehouses with the openness, flexibility and machine learning support of data lakes. Streamline your data ingestion and management with automated and reliable ETL, open and secure data sharing, and lightning-fast performance, Delta Lake transforms your data lake into the destination for all your structured, semi-structured and unstructured data.
Niograph as a partner, helps you to implement and scale data engineering, collaborative data science, full-lifecycle machine learning and business analytics initiatives using databricks.
Why Databricks? - Benefits
The unified approach simplifies your data architecture by eliminating the data silos that traditionally separate analytics, BI, data science and machine learning. With a lakehouse, you can eliminate the complexity and expense that make it hard to achieve the full potential of your analytics and AI initiatives
Serverless compute is a fully managed service where Databricks provisions and manages the compute layer on behalf of the customer in the Databricks cloud account instead of the customer account. As of the current release, serverless compute is supported for use with Databricks SQL.
Accelerate ML across the entire lifecycle
The lakehouse forms the foundation of Databricks Machine Learning — a data-native and collaborative solution for the full machine learning lifecycle, from featurization to production. Combined with high-quality, highly performant data pipelines, lakehouse accelerates machine learning and team productivity.
Delta Lake forms the open foundation of the lakehouse by providing reliability and performance directly on data in the data lake. You’re able to avoid proprietary walled gardens, easily share data and build your modern data stack with unrestricted access to the ecosystem of open source data projects
The Databricks Lakehouse Platform offers you a consistent management, security and governance experience across all clouds.
Derive new insights from the most complete data
With ready access to the freshest and most complete data and the power of Databricks SQL — up to 12x better price/performance than traditional cloud data warehouses — data analysts and scientists can now quickly derive new insights.
How does Niograph do this?
Adopting data lakehouse with databricks, we simplifies your modern data stack by eliminating the data silos that traditionally separate and complicate data engineering, analytics, BI, data science and machine learning. Databricks is built on open source and open standards to maximize flexibility. And, the platform’s common approach to data management, security and governance helps you operate more efficiently and innovate faster across all analytics use cases.
After Using Niograph Professional survices together with Databricks you are entitle to Avail Dual Customer Support Benifit.
// Drop us a line! We are here to answer your questions 24/7


Infinix zero 6 Specification review
If you are in need of a good phone with maximum value for the money? Infinix Zero 6 might just be the best choice for you. Read and explore this article to understand the specifications and details of the phone.
Presently, these phone series are among the most expensive smartphones of the infinix Mobility series
Likewise, this series has the most outstanding craftsmanship and quality built among others.
Most people refer to infinx devices as being very fragile but the good news is that this device does not belong to that category. Thanks to the corning Gorilla Glass 4 that was used to build it.
This device was also built with Qualcomm Snapdragon 636.
Infinix zero 6 weights 171 grams and has a dimension of 156.8 × 75.9 × 7.95 mm
It displays a 6. 18 inch LTPS and 2246 x 1080 pixels with full HD+ display of 18. 7:9 aspect ratio, 1500:1 contrast ratio and 113 percent sRGB
On its processor is the Octa-Core Snapdragon 636 14nm with Adreno 509 GPU and CPU of a 14nm process with Qualcomm Kryo 260 architecture, clocked at 1.8Ghz.
Infinix zero 6 also supports, GSM / HSPA / LTE, gyro, fingerprint, barometer, FaceID, accelerometer, , v4.2, A2DP
The storage capacity of Infinix Zero 6 is 64GB ROM and 6GB RAM. Available on it is the space provided for microSD that can be used to expand the memory up to 256GB.
This phone enables users to connect to the internet and other devices via; 4G VoLTE, Hybrid Dual SIM (nano + nano + microSD), WiFi 802.11 ac (2.4GHz + 5GHz), GPS + GLONASS, Bluetooth 5 and USB Type-C.
The operating system of Infinix Zero 6 is Android 8.1 with ZUI 10.
Infinix Zero 6: display
On Infinix Zero 6 the display is 6.2 inch, that features 2160 x 1080 pixels’ resolution. The display is protected with Corning Gorilla Glass 4. This device’s body to screen ratio is of aspect 19:9 with a Notch cut out. Infinx has successfully upgraded this device by making it with APPLE iPhone XS notch display.
Infinix Zero 6: Camera Features
The set up camera of this device is a 12MP back camera with LED flash and a, f/1.8 aperture, 2x optical zoom and 24MP secondary back camera.
Spotted on the top front of the phone is a 20MP front-facing selfie camera with f/2.2 aperture. The selfie camera can as well be used to unlock the device as it also functions as face unlock, AI version.
This phone will satisfy the need of camera lovers because of the various features and options present on it which are the; scene mode recognition, HDR+, AI face beautification mode and AI face ID among others.
Infinix Zero 6: Battery
Infinix Zero 6 Pro is built with a non-removable battery of 3650 capacities, that might be a disappointment to many users. This, however, is not a big deal has it comes with a fast charging of QC 3.0. This ensures you get to have a full charge in little time.
Infinix Zero 6: availability
Anyone buying this device have the option of selecting any of these available colors that suit them. It is available in the stores in champagne Gold, Black, Red and blue.
This device is available all the stores in Africa: Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and other countries.
Although, for people that have used higher-end device before, this device may not meet their taste. If you are on a budget and you need a mobile device to satisfy your needs, Infinix zero 6 is a good device worth buying.
Infinix Zero 6 Price and Availability
Infinix Zero 6 price in Nigeria ranges from 105, 000 Naira to 112,000 Naira. Price in Kenya starts at 29, 755 KSh, while the price in Ghana starts at GH₵ 1,505.


PLEASE NOTE: You must not open the car before your hire start time.
Inside the car you will find the vehicle’s keys in the dedicate tray, and if you have rented an electric car, the blue card for charging the veichole in the glove compartment.
If you scan the card on the charging point, the following message will appear: “Remove the plug”. Remove the cable from the car and the charging point and place it in the boot.
Please note: you must press the brake pedal to turn on the car and alter driving settings.
D = drive; R = reverse; N = neutral; P = park (to turn the car on/remove the keys)
- You should put the car back onto charge when you drop it off: each car contains instructions on how to open the charging cover.
- Get the cable from the boot and insert into the charge point in the car.
- Scan the blue charge card on the charge point sensor, select the type of plug you’re using (right or left) and confirm the operation.
- Collega il cavo alla presa di ricarica della colonnina in base al lato che hai selezionato. Se la procedura è corretta sul display comparirà il messaggio In carica.
- Put the keys back in the dedicated tray and the charging card in the glove compartment.To lock the vehicle correctly, make sure that the key is correctly stored and that the sensor emits four beeps.


Samsung Galaxy C7 Pro (C7010 Dual SIM 64GB 4G LTE) is the upgraded version of the Galaxy C7 from the Korean manufacturer. This 2017 release phablet builds on its predecessors already-powerful specs and offers a bigger ROM and better chip architecture and processing speeds. The device comes with Qualcomm Snapdragon 626 chipset with an Octa-Core CPU on board clocked at 2.2GHz. The chip boasts 4GB RAM and a mammoth 64GB internal storage (ROM) so you never run out of space. And in case you do, there is microSD memory card slot for expansion up to 256GB additional storage for your data and movies.
Samsung Galaxy C7 Pro is a dream machine for multimedia lovers. Firstly, it comes with a huge 5.7-inch Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen with 74.1 percent screen to body ratio. Perfect for viewing movies on the go, it has a Full HD 1080p screen resolution and 386ppi pixel density. The screen also supports multitouch. The phone architecture also includes an embedded Adreno 506 GPU for stunning graphics acceleration whether you are into games or Hi-Def videos. This mobile is the real deal.
The phone supports 4G/LTE networks and sports a breathtaking 16-Megapixel primary camera with AF, dual LED flash, touch focus, face detection, panorama and HDR. An equally powerful 16MP front camera is also provided on the device for some great selfies and video streaming. Other key specs of the Samsung Galaxy C7 Pro (C7010) are Android OS v6.0.1 (Marshmallow), Wi-Fi and hotspot, Wi-Fi Direct, Dual SIM Standby (One 3G/4G SIM and One 2G SIM), active noise cancellation, Bluetooth v4.2, GPS, GLONASS, NFC, FM Radio, USB Type C reversible connector, fingerprint sensor, accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity sensor, e-compass, HTML5 browser and a long lasting 3300mAh non-removable battery.


We wanted Aido’s interface to run Android, as this would immediately give users access to millions of apps on the Google Play Store. However, Android was not powerful enough for what Aido had to tackle at home.
Hence, we decided on a dual OS architecture for Aido.
Aido’s Android frontend runs a Rockwell chip with 512MB RAM. This runs a version of Android Lollipop & a custom UI interface for rich interactions with people.
Aido’s core system runs on two quad-core 1.6GHz processors, each with 1GB DDR RAM. Aido’s core processor runs a headless version of Ubuntu. We have removed unnecessary drivers & modules that Aido doesn’t need. We are calling this version OpenAido.
OpenAido controls elements like mobility, WiFi signal strength & navigation, system guidance, onboard sensors, and projectors. We will be exposing select APIs for this interface, especially around the sensors for users who would like to play around with controls and data.
We will be releasing OpenAido under an open source license so that other robotics solutions can use the same system.
OpenAido and Android communicate over a secure VPN at all times.
- If there is a Wi-Fi connection available, both systems connect to it and communicate over this.
- If there is no Wi-Fi network available, the Linux system acts as a WiFi hotspot and the Android system connects to it as a client.
- In the latter mode, Aido will not be able to communicate with internet-based services, but can still run local media and functionality.


Certificate Course in Computer Basic
SIIFT offer a number of Courses. Computer Basic is designed for those who don’t’ have any knowledge about computer and …
SIIFT offer a number of Courses. Computer Basic is designed for those who don’t’ have any knowledge about computer and want to open the door of opportunities in the field of IT.
This course introduces computer concepts, including fundamental functions and operations of the computer. Topics include identification of hardware components, basic computer operations, security issues, and use of software applications. Upon completion, students should be able to demonstrate an understanding of the role and function of computers and use the computer to solve problems. This course has following units:
- Fundamentals of Computers
- Introduction to Hardware / Software
- MS Office 2007
- MS Word
- MS Excel
No Reviews found for this course.


For detailed configuration of robot parameters, use the MOBOT® RoutePlanner software.
Software works under Windows control. Using this interface, you can perform operations such as:
- observation of the status of the robot and the most important components of the system,
- configuration of drives and I / O of the main controller,
- hand-operated vehicle navigation,
- adding to the controller characteristic points of the route in which a specific action is to be carried out.
The main part of the software is an environment that allows programming of the robot's movement on specific sections of the route and assigning tasks to the robot.
Control terminal Ã equipped with a Wi-Fi router allows you to control the robot (s) through the touch panel and remote commanding of the robot. It allows reading basic information about the robot's work status such as its location, current task, etc.
Robotic network management Ã - the management station can be additionally equipped with a PLC controller for controlling external devices, eg roller conveyors, warning lights or other machines with which you need to synchronize the work of the robots. As part of the line, several management stations located at separate work stations can be used. Such a system allows for the implementation of distributed robot management.
Intelligent factory - AGV robot management system can be combined with enterprise management software (MES / ERP), which enables creation of cyber-physical communication, data collection in the cloud and global access to data and the possibility of control.


eZTrack Telematics has successful implemented GPS-based e-Lock tracking system pilot for an Oil Major - an Indian government enterprise for trucks that carry LPG cylinders from the LPG plant to the LPG distributor's warehouse.
eZLock tracking system is tightly integrated with eZTrack platform and comes with all the features and automated alerts and notifications. e-Lock system consists of physical lock activated by a built-in active RFID tag, designed to receive a transmission from RFID reader integrated with GPS / GSM module. The integrated device sends GPS coordinates along with status of the e-lock to our eZTrack platform and the system can successfully monitor movable remote assets and their condition. It can also work independently without the GPS modules for fixed assets.
eZLock is powerful, comprehensive and cohesive unit with a waterproof enclosure protecting the device electronics. The operation of locking & unlocking of the device can be done in two modes: a) Normal Mode b) Emergency Mode.
The eZLock tracking system has a highly configurable Dashboard. It comes with highly useful Alert & Notification module where one can set up dynamic alert conditions. Further, the system can be easily integrated with third-party applications and ERP systems. It has a powerful reporting module for effective reporting.
eZLock tracking system is designed for securing all vital assets of any business. The system is user-friendly, scalable and customizable and can be adapted to any kind of business depending on customers' needs.


KAON to showcase IoT solutions at IBC 2016
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World leader in connectivity devices to introduce end-to-end solutions for the connected h...
Kaon introduces Surround set-top box
Broadband TV news | 2016.09.08
Kaonmedia is taking a new generation of set-top box to IBC 2016 (Amsterdam, September 8 to...


SpaceX Falcon 1
The SpaceX Falcon 1 is a commercial spacecraft
developed by rather wealthy Elon Musk. The Space Exploration
Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) Falcon 1 has had several
test flights from its staging area in the Marshall Islands.
SpaceX Falcon 1
The main SpaceX headquarters in is El Segundo, California,
which is where the bulk of the development work is completed
before shipping parts of the rocket off to Omelek Island in
the Kwajalein Atoll where it is reassembled for final launch.
As with many other developmental space tourist crafts by
other companies, the SpaceX Falcon 1 has had many aborted
launches along with its two main test flights. The two test
flights of the Falcon 1 took place on March 24, 2006 and again
on March 21, 2007.
One of the remarkable features of the second launch of the
SpaceX Falcon 1 was that even though there were two aborted
launches within a 24-hour period, the reasons for the aborted
launches were fixed quickly and the spacecraft was able to
launch once again.
The Falcon 1 is powered by a mixture of liquid oxygen and
kerosene. The second launch was aborted by the computer because
the fuel was 4-degrees F too cold. The solution was to drain
back the fuel on the first stage of the rocket and reload
with warmer fuel.
On the 2006 maiden flight, the main engine of the SpaceX
Falcon 1 failed after 36 seconds of flight. Elon Musk and
his main flight director Tim Buzza reviewed the video and
found the cause of the malfunction was due to a corroded aluminum
nut on the fuel pump, which caused a fuel leak. Officials
from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) later
confirmed the findings.
The SpaceX Merlin engine powers the Falcon 1 rocket with
a sea level thrust of 102,000 lbs of pressure. The outer shell
of the Merlin is made from a single piece of cast copper with
hundreds of grooves keeping it cool. The engine is reusuable
and is based upon the engine in the Apollo Lunar Module.
Billionaire Elon Musk is best known for co-founding startup
companies like Paypal and Zip2. Musk sold Paypal to Ebay
for a cool $1.5 billion and so far has sunk $100,000,000
of his own money into the SpaceX space tourism program.
Next on the agenda for Musk is the SpaceX
Falcon 9, which will use 9 Merlin engines to propel it
into space. The SpaceX Falcon 9 is intended to carry up to
7 passengers to the International Space Station and back.
One of the main objectives of SpaceX
is to build cost-effective rockets. The company is doing so
with technical design but also by having less bureaucracy
than other space tourism companies currently developing their
spacecraft and programs.