Sep 25, 2019 · Chemical energy is the energy stored within chemicals, which makes its energy inside atoms and molecules. Most often, it's considered the energy of chemical bonds, but the term also includes energy stored in the electron arrangement of atoms and ions. Sep 28, 2018 · Electrical energy is a form of electromagnetic force that moves the charged particles through the wires to create electrical current or electricity, and this electricity (electrical current) is used to do work in our society (it powers our appliances, our gadgets, the transportation sector, the industry, and actually the entire society). Dec 23, 2019 · An electrical circuit is a closed connection of batteries , resistors , wires, switches, etc. An electrical circuit consists of voltage loops and current nodes. Many people are confused with complex electrical circuits, however, if they develop a solid understanding of the below four electrical circuit examples, it will be easier for them to read complex electrical circuits. Nov 15, 2020 · By applying these values to your home and using the actual nameplate values affixed to major appliances, you can use a handy formula to calculate your electrical load. Consider the example of a house with 1,800 square feet (based on outside dimensions) of finished living space and space adaptable for future use. Financial support and help for businesses, including how to manage your business energy costs and use to save energy and money. Support for Australian households during COVID-19 What to do if you can’t pay your energy bills, how to save energy and money at home, and information in community languages other than English.
Jul 21, 2009 · According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), “In the average home, 75 percent of the electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the products are turned off.” A report ... ceiling light TV video game hairdryer cell phone microwave electric toothbrush toaster computer radio hair curling iron blender bedside lamp clock (plugged in an outlet) VCR/DVD player CD player electric fan iron equipment or cell phone charger. 10. Describe in detail the difference between electric potential and potential energy by giving examples and presenting relevant formulae. Paper instructions: 1/ Describe in detail the difference between electric potential and potential energy by giving examples and presenting relevant formulae.
Solar energy in the form of light hits the solar panel, which excites electrons in the panel and creates an electric current. The current created by the solar panel is direct or DC current, and it flows to an inverter box which converts it into alternating or AC current (this is what’s used by all of your appliances and the electric grid in the United States).
Those still on expensive standard variable tariffs will be paying a couple of hundred more than those who have signed up to cheaper fixed-term rates, according to energy provider, Bulb.
ceiling light TV video game hairdryer cell phone microwave electric toothbrush toaster computer radio hair curling iron blender bedside lamp clock (plugged in an outlet) VCR/DVD player CD player electric fan iron equipment or cell phone charger. 10.
Home Energy Assistance Low-income households in Florida can get help paying energy bills through the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). To find out about qualifications, residents should contact their county's local LIHEAP agency, or by calling the state's information line at 2-1-1.
This is an AC electric generator which lights up a tiny incandescent light bulb. The generator is made from a hollow-ended cardboard box with a nail through the center. The box has many turns of varnished thin copper wi re wound around, with four large magnets clamped around the nail.
How to make a free energy generator at home without battery is an ambitious project which will have more that one part currently i am waiting for parts to improve this free energy generator in the video at the end of this tutorial you will see measurements output and all you will need to build this free energy device.Warning the output at this moment is 0.7w but it can be improved to the point ...
May 27, 2019 · Biomass Examples – Overview. So there we have our eight different biomass examples. All of these relate to the use of organic matter for energy production. This can involve the generation of electricity, the production of biofuels, and even the production of biogas.
Home Ionut Stancescu 2020-11-16T14:17:51-05:00 Re:New Normal In an uncertain and overwhelming world, it’s time to value rest and renewal as critical components of sustainable high-performance.
Electricity has long been recognized as a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to electric shock, electrocution, burns, fires, and explosions. In 1999, for example, 278 workers died from electrocutions at work, accounting for almost 5 percent of all on-the-job fatalities that year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The stored energy of a circuit is called electric potential energy. To understand potential energy we need to understand energy in general. Energy comes in many forms, some we can see (like mechanical) and others we can't (like chemical or electrical).
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Our appliance and electronic energy use calculator allows you to estimate your annual energy use and cost to operate specific products. The wattage values provided are samples only; actual wattage of products varies depending on product age and features. Enter a wattage value for your own product...
It takes energy to cook food, to drive to school, and to jump in the air. Different forms of Energy Energy can take a number of different forms. Here are some examples: Chemical - Chemical energy comes from atoms and molecules and how they interact. Electrical - Electrical energy is generated by the movement of electrons.
Oct 22, 2007 · Energy comes in all kinds of different forms and can be converted from one form to another. I’ll list some different kinds of energy and give some examples of some things, both living and non-living, which have this kind of energy. (But first a warning- these ’types’ of energy are not all ’different’.
The annual electrical energy consumption in most European countries averages about 2000 KWh per person (or 5.5 kWh per day) but ranges from 7467 KWh per person in Norway, where electricity is inexpensive and people use it for heating their homes, down to only 352 KWh per person in Romania where household incomes are much lower and electricity ...
Electrical and computer engineers shape the future through innovation. They develop and improve systems that serve everyday needs of society spanning from high-voltage engineering and sustainable energy, to breakthroughs in wireless technology. Our faculty and students do everything from creating low-cost digital x-ray imagers to combat tuberculosis in developing countries, to
A simple way to understand the dramatic impact of wire size on energy efficiency and costs is to examine the number in these examples, in which one wire size above code minimum is installed. All three examples include a separate full-size grounding conductor, following current recommended practice, and use THHN copper conductors.
Sample Electric Bill . The information needed to generate electric bills for the tenants of a master metered mobile home park can be found on the park’s monthly electric bill. To determine the effective rate per (see Commodity Charge below)kWh, please refe r to the
Yes, electrical energy is difficult to store. In my opinion for the following reasons: It dissipates fast with explosive reactions in specific situations since it depends crucially on conductivity which can easily be affected by weather or accident. The more electrical energy is stored, the greater the possibility of breakdown of insulation.
Jan 14, 2015 · Illegal connections are one example of electricity theft and typically involves running a cable from an Eskom pylon to a home, office, or unsanctioned distribution point. Some examples of this are ...
Energy in general is defined as the capacity for doing work. Power by definition is the rate of work or energy flow (which are numerically the same): P = Energy/Time. It can be shown that in electrical circuits the instantaneous power is p(t)=v(t)×i(t). In this equation v(t) and i(t) are instantaneous voltage and current as functions of time t ...
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How does electrical energy work? Learn all about the device that use and convert electrical energy with helpful examples and explanations. Keep reading to learn more about how electrical energy powers your life and what examples of electrical energy you can find in the home.Aug 07, 2020 · Static electricity and current electricity are like potential energy and kinetic energy. When electricity gathers in one place, it has the potential to do something in the future. Electricity stored in a battery is an example of electrical potential energy. Monitor home energy use by reading the electric meter each morning for a week and determine the cost per week of electricity in your own home. Turn off the power for just one hour. Monitor electricity during a normal hour at home and then turn off as many electrical devices as possible for an hour and record the difference in electrical use.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together (that is, radiating) through space at the speed of light. Taken together, all forms of electromagnetic energy are referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio waves and microwaves emitted by transmitting antennas are one form of electromagnetic energy. What Uses Watts in Your Home Electricity usage is calculated in kilowatt-hours. A kilowatt-hour is 1,000 watts used for one hour. As an example, a 100-watt light bulb operating for ten hours would use one kilowatt-hour. Solar power uses the sun’s energy either to directly heat water (solar water heating) or to generate electricity (Photovoltaic or Solar PV). Biomass (plant products or animal waste) can be burned to directly heat your home or to heat water - the most common fuel used is wood, although plant oils and other crops can also be used. Heat pumps extract energy in the ground, water or air, and concentrate it into a form that can be used to heat homes or water. No. Today’s appliances often consume power even while turned off. This is known as phantom energy. Multiple studies have confirmed that phantom energy is a real and significant energy cost for consumers, costing the average homeowner close to $200 per year and in some cases over a quarter of the annual energy costs for a home! Texpo Energy was founded in 2006 by energy executives with more than 150 years of experience in the electricity, natural gas, and related industries. The company offers small and large commercial customers flexible rates and plan choices, including long-term deals. Although wind turbines large enough to provide a significant portion of the electricity needed by the average U.S. home generally require 1 acre of property or more, approximately 19.3% of the U.S. population lives in rural areas and may own land parcels large enough to accommodate a wind energy system. Electricity and Gas for your home. Great deals and real savings on your residential energy bills. Switch to Electric Ireland today. Home Fossil Fuels Nuclear Power Solar Power Wind Power Tidal Power Hydroelectric Power Pumped Storage Wave Power Geothermal Power Biomass Biogas Other Biofuels See also "Stuff to do" on the home page.
Internet and/or contact the local utility company to arrive at a procedure to monitor home electricity usage. Generally, the students offer the following suggestions: 1. Analyze the monthly electric bill. 2. Look at the tags on the electric appliances to determine the energy use. 3. Monitor the electric meter at their house. 4. For example, sunlight could power the electrolysis of water, generating hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen could then power fuel cells, electricity-generating devices that produce virtually no polluting byproducts, as the hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce water again.
Nov 11, 2012 · Reduce the cost by the tax incentives and rebates. Even without any home appreciation benefit, the net cost was $29,205. If you want to use that and my old electric bill of $2,500, that’s an 11.6 year payback. Factor in the home appreciation and the refund for excess energy and the payback is even shorter. Nov 21, 2020 · Examples of electrical energy The turbine runs a generator to produce electrical energy when water falls on it from a higher gravitational potential to a lower gravitational potential. Lightning, electrical charges moving through a wire, batteries in use, electricity stored in capacitors, doorbells, audio speakers, etc..are few examples. Example: A television using 11.25 kWh/Month with an electric rate of $0.10/kWh 11.25 kWh x $0.10 = $1.13/Month Based on these calculations, this television would cost you $1.13 per month. While that might not seem like much, the appliances and devices throughout your home can really start to add up.
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The power dissipated in a resistor goes into heating the resistor; this is know as Joule heating. In many cases, Joule heating is wasted energy. In some cases, however, Joule heating is exploited as a source of heat, such as in a toaster or an electric heater. The electric company bills not for power but for energy, using units of kilowatt-hours.
The electricity used in our homes is also a form of energy because it is a form of usable power. Example of renewable energy is wind energy while fossil fuel is an example of non-renewable energy. Even liquids and air can have electrons that can discharge and transfer electrical energy.
Thermal energy is the energy that is generated and measured by heat. ... An example of thermal energy is the chemical energy in a molecule. ... electrical and thermal ...
Potential energy also includes other forms. The energy stored between the plates of a charged capacitor is electrical potential energy. What is commonly known as chemical energy, the capacity of a substance to do work or to evolve heat by undergoing a change of composition, may be regarded as potential energy resulting from the mutual forces among its molecules and atoms.
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Here at Powerdirect, we’re all about simplifying energy. For more than 2 decades, our customers have been enjoying great rates on electricity, each and every day. We support Australian businesses, big and small, in streamlining their electricity needs.
Oct 22, 2007 · For example, the "efficiency" of an air conditioner is often taken to mean the ratio of the energy it pumps out of a room to the energy it draws from the electrical outlet. A good result for that might be, for example "4.3" That would mean that paying for 1 Joule of electrical energy is enough to pump 4.3 Joules of heat out of your house.
The California Energy Commission says that dryers use approximately 6 percent of a home's total electricity usage. You can help your dryer work more efficiently by keeping it clean.
Static electricity was the only electrical phenomenon to be observed by man for a long time. So the most essential constituent of matter is made up of electrically charged particles. Therefore, finding new sources of electric energy is a most important problem that scientists and engineers try to solve.
Mar 26, 2020 · Some examples of electrical devices include light bulbs, vacuums, toasters and older technologies such as the electric telegraph and batteries. Electrical devices are defined as devices that use or generate electricity and transform it into another form of energy, such as motion, heat or light.
For example, sunlight could power the electrolysis of water, generating hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen could then power fuel cells, electricity-generating devices that produce virtually no polluting byproducts, as the hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce water again.
Mar 11, 2019 · Electrical potential energy is the potential energy that exists between two electrical charges. Charged particles have potential energy due to electrostatic forces acting on them. If you take two objects with electric charges and place them a certain distance apart, an electrical potential will form due to the interaction of their ...
Mar 09, 2018 · Thermal energy is an example of kinetic energy, as it is due to the motion of particles, with motion being the key. Thermal energy results in an object or a system having a temperature that can be measured.
Take, for example, the electric motor transforming electric energy into mechanical energy. It finds wide application at every mill and factory. A good example which is illustrating an important industrial use of the electric current is the electrically heated furnace.
Dec 23, 2019 · An electrical circuit is a closed connection of batteries , resistors , wires, switches, etc. An electrical circuit consists of voltage loops and current nodes. Many people are confused with complex electrical circuits, however, if they develop a solid understanding of the below four electrical circuit examples, it will be easier for them to read complex electrical circuits.
Tesla's inventions brought electricity into homes to power indoor lighting and into factories to power industrial machines. Electricity is the flow of electrically charged For example, if you use a 40-watt light bulb 5 hours a day, you have used 200 watts of power, or .2 kilowatt hours of electrical energy.
For example, don't leave laptops and mobile phones charging overnight, as this is a big waste of energy. Don't leave your computer and peripherals on when you're not using them.
Electrical energy is a type of kinetic energy caused by moving electric charges. The amount of energy depends on the speed of the charges - the faster they move, the more An electric eel can create up to 600 volts of energy with its own body. What are some examples of electrical energy?
The accumulated electrical energy can be used to power services within the same building or area or routed to a new location. Piezoelectricity isn't an entirely new phenomenon, with DARPA evaluating piezoelectric generators in the boots of soldiers. However, we utilize piezoelectricity more often than...
an object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy), a run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy), the release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature), entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy), or; contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).
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Journal of Information Technology Impact
Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 105-112, 1999
Internet Technology Inside Voice Communication Systems
Gilles Gawinowski* & Laurent Guichard**
Eurocontrol Experimental Centre
With the initiation of studies in 1996, AudioLAN has been a pioneer project in voice-over-IP technology for Voice Communication Systems (VCS). The Eurocontrol Experimental Centre (EEC) was the first player of the Air Traffic Control (ATC) community to understand the potential of this technology. Deployment of a simulation environment for the EEC; Instilux Luxembourg; Paris Roissy CDG Airport; Ecole Nationale de la Navigation Aérienne (ENAC); French, Turkish, Hungarian and South African Civil Aviation Authorities; and the Military ATC, began in 1998. Today, AudioLAN is working within the operational environment, with the potential to support 470 positions and six license agreements with industrial organizations for commercialisation.
The ATC operational context is introduced and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) concepts are described. A technical description of the AudioLAN architecture and functions in both simulation and operational environments follows. The paper concludes with a brief description of future R&D, providing direction to manufacturers and users to focus on unique application-specific challenges and opportunities and “ value-added ” points of distinction for the emerging Internet Telephony market.
Keywords:Internet Telephony; Internet Protocol (IP); VoIP (Voice-over-IP); Voice Communication System; PSTN ( Public Switched Telecommuni--cation Network); ISP (Internet Service Provider); GateWay; GateKeeper; H323; CTI (Computer Telephony Integration).
Voice Communication Systems for ATC simulators are generally derived from ‘operational’ environments. That is, these systems originate in the telephone world and are primarily based on hardware components.
In the ‘real’ ATC world, VCS’s are generally digital, centralised and based on a non-blocking PCM (Pulse Code Modulation). These PBX (Private Branch Exchange) systems operate much like mainframes, with all their attendant characteristics. They are proprietary and closed with very complex architectures, there is slow evolution of new features, and they are priced accordingly (even if they are based on high telecom technology, such as PCM, ISDN, and voice compression).
Due to the latest evolution of communication and information technologies through the Internet Technology wave, it is now possible to implement radio-telephone applications using the Internet Protocol (IP), pure software components and mass-market computers. The AudioLAN system, designed and developed by the EEC, is based on these new technologies (Gawinowski & Goguey, 1998).
The primary objectivess of the AudioLAN project were:
- to replace the hardware-based PBX by network equipment and a software PBX : IPBX, and
- to replace specific operator position hardware by Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) software for PC’s or workstations.
Since 1996, the Internet Telephony broker has dominated the network and telecom market, from telecom manufacturers to PSTN and ISP operators. The current challenge is to provide more value-added networking services within constrained budgets. Merging voice and data networks is a step toward meeting these requirements and VoIP is emerging as a key technology supporting this goal. The convergence of voice and data networks means that PSTN users will benefit from rapid innovations in Internet Protocol over the next ten years.
There has been a progression of these types of services and a migration toward IP solutions. In 1996, terminal (end-system) applications were commercialised, followed by Gateway applications in 1997 and, finally, GateKeeper applications in 1998. In 1999, a first generation global and integrated solution and a significant deployment of software-based PBX services is expected (Susbielle, 1998).
The advantages of such a solution are :
- Flexibility and evolution capability
- Voice and data convergence
- Reduced operating cost
- Unified network management
- Standards-based Internet Technology solutions
- Scalability to present and future needs
- PBX integration via CTI (Computer Telephony Integration)
- Call Centre or added-value services
- Browser-based implementation.
In this context, AudioLAN is a unique Voice Communication System in the ATC world in proposing and implementing the use of VoIP technology in the simulation environment. This innovative system may also be the solution of the future for the operational world.
IP Telephony concept
IP Telephony includes multiple features. In addition to the capability for establishing voice communication between two individuals, IP telephony also encompasses all the features of the classical switched telephony network plus features from Internet telephony (e.g., Phone-to-Phone, Fax-to-Fax, PC-to-Phone, Phone-to-PC, PC-to-Fax, Email-to-Fax, Fax-to-Email, and Email-to-Voice recognition). The primary goal is to unify the transport of information around IP. At present, IP telephony appears to be the only medium that can support convergence between telephony and computers. An overview of an IP-based telephony concept is given in Figure 1.
With the growth of the Internet and the deregulation of the telephony market, IP telephony appears promising as an alternative to the classical PSTN. At present, all Internet providers or telephony operators are developing IP telephony products and services. For example, Microsoft is developing Netmeeting, and CISCO and ALCATEL provide gateways between the IP and PSTN Networks for voice applications.
Using Existing Infrastructures
IP appears to be the clear protocol to use for computer communications ; using this existing technology provides many advantages. It is based on IP, the Internet Protocol that is available across all networks. In addition, because IP is a well-known technology and is used around the world, it has become very inexpensive to implement. IP telephony also does not requires a significant investment. That is, to deploy an IP telephony network, one need only purchase gateways that interconnect the new network with the classical PSTN. These gateways may also replace the classical PBX by providing a software emulation of its functionality.
IP Telephony protocols
Voice and data have opposing transmission requirements. Voice requires a constant stream and a controlled latency time, and loss of data is permitted. In contrast, data communication does not require a constant stream or controlled latency time, but does not allow data loss.
The primary issue with regard to voice transportation is a guaranteed constant bandwidth (Quality of Service [QoS] guarantee) for real-time transportation without distortion. Latency time (end-to-end transmission time) must be less than 100 ms. Today, IP is the universal protocol. But is IP able to meet voice transmission requirements ; that is, can IP support real-time and reliable voice transmission ?
Given the TCP/IP protocol is unable to guarantee real-time transport of data, it is, therefore, necessary to use the UDP/IP protocol. Two other protocols are used with UDP/IP : RTP (Real-Time Protocol) detects the loss of data and maintains the chronological order of the data, and RTCP (Real-Time Transport Control Protocol) provides session control. An implementation based on the IP, RTP and RTCP protocols is able to perform real-time transmission of voice on non-controlled media such as the Internet.
This implementation is even more effective when using bandwidth-controlled network technologies, such as ATM or switched Ethernet, in that it supports IP-embedded voice information trans-mission on any physical layer (e.g., Internet, Ethernet, ISDN, ATM).
Our implementation, AudioLAN, must be considered independent of the network layer with regard to the Quality of Service (e.g., Constant Rate, latency time) that it can assume. Quality is guaranteed from point-to-point through LAN and WAN.
Voice and Data Convergence
With VoIP, data and voice convergence is accomplished through CTI with IP as the point of convergence. CTI’s are applications that provide integration between the computer and the telephone. With IP telephony, development of a CTI would be easier and would cost less, given that the computers would be able to manage both voice and data. (In an ATC environment, an example of CTI would be the integration of telephone/radio facilities in the controller display environment (Karsety & Pecaut, 1998).)
AudioLAN Architecture and Functions in the Simulation Environment
In the simulation environment, AudioLAN runs within a pure IP infrastructure. The AudioLAN terminal presently runs on a Sun Workstation under Unix Solaris using a Java-sensitive touch screen.
AudioLAN consists of three main components :
An overview of the Simulation Environment AudioLAN is given in Figure 2.
- A Human-Machine Interface (HMI),
- A Communication Manager, and
- A Voice Manager.
A graphical HMI, based on Java, is provided by a dedicated touch input panel ; this may also be integrated with other HMI functions on a general purpose screen. The HMI layout is adaptable and is context-sensitive to the operational requirements.
The Communication Manager component manages the following telephone and radio functions :
- Direct Call, Intercom, Conference, Transfer, Diversion, Group Hunting, and Multiple Addressing;
- Radio Transmit/Receive and Push-to-Talk;
- Radio coupling;
- Volume +/- and Buzzer;
- Radio/Telephone splitting on headsets and microphone;
- Silence Threshold Adjustment;
- Statistics; and
The Voice Manager manages two simultaneous, independent full-duplex voice channels (one for radio and one for telephone). The following voice compression standards are available : PCM, PCM2, PCM4, IDVI, DVI2, DVI4, GSM and LPC4 (64 kbps to 9.6 kbps transfer rates).
Radio and telephone communications can be performed with separate headset (for radio) and handset (for telephone) or with a single headset and a radio-telephone three-mode splitting mechanism (radio only, telephone only, or radio-right/telephone-left modes).
Cost, Quality and Performance in the Simulation Environment
The cost for an AudioLAN terminal within the simulation environment is about 4K euros (~$4020) (including the workstation and touch-sensitive screen). CD-audio quality is provided and end-to-end latency time is about 60 ms, due to buffer and jitter mechanisms.
AudioLAN Architecture in the Operational world
In the real world, AudioLAN is running on an IP infrastructure on the LAN side and may be interconnected to the PSTN and radio for the WAN part. A graphical depiction of the AudioLAN architecture is given in Figure 3.
To interconnect the IP/PSTN world, AudioLAN is using an H323 Architecture composed of:
- A Terminal;
- A Gateway; and
- A GateKeeper.
Figure 3. AudioLAN Architecture in the Operational World
The Terminal is the Operator Position dedicated to the user to use radio and telephone facilities.
Gateways provide the ability to match up dissimilar devices (for example, a plain voice-only telephone with a multimedia terminal). Within AudioLAN, the IP Telephony Gateway is the computer that provides the physical interface between PSTN (e.g., analogue, ISDN, etc.) and the IP (e.g., Ethernet, etc.).
A GateKeeper provides address resolution (e.g., a phone number to an IP address) and also sets limits on bandwidth used.
The AudioLAN Gatekeeper provides the gateway’s “ intelligence .“ An H323 separates hardware and software in the IP telephony architecture. The GateKeeper is the software companion of the Gateway and represents the functionalities of the software PBX.
The GateKeeper performs the following functions :
- Call control signalling ;
- Call management and domain control ; and
- Address translation.
The EEC has developed a basic GateKeeper to interconnect AudioLAN to the PSTN/radio ‘world’ and has built an IP telephony platform prototype to demonstrate IP Telephony within an IP/PSTN/radio infrastructure. GateKeeper development is based on the Natural Micro System Gateway and the RadVision H323-stack.
Cost, Quality and Performance in the Operational Environment
The cost of a Gateway for a T1 line (i.e., 2 Mbps) is approximately 10K euros (~$1030). Typical tele-phone quality is provided and end-to-end latency time is approximately 120 ms, due to buffer and jitter mechanims and processing on the IP/PSTN Gateway. New DSP cards are expected to improve significantly the latency time.
AudioLAN has demonstrated that voice and data may be integrated and transmitted via network using Internet Protocols. It proves that IP telephony is not just a dream and that ATC can benefit from this new technology. The development of the software layer, also called GateKeeper, on the gateway is complex and its difficulty depends on the functionalities that would be implemented into the IP telephony network.
The first goal is to implement the basic functions of a PBX, keeping in mind that the solution must be as generic as possible. Then high-level functionalities could be developed to finally build a complete ATC IP telephony network.
The IP telephony market is young but it is expanding rapidly. Companies should invest in IP telephony to secure a role in the potentially large market and to propose new value-added services. Considering IP telephony in operational voice communication systems is no more imaginary than considering VHF radio over IP or perfect voice and data integration.
Gawinowski, G. and Goguey, M. (1998) A New Voice Communication System for a Simulation Environment. Air Traffic Technology, Vol. 1, pp. 41-43.
Susbielle, J.F. (1998) Internet Telephony, Ed. By Eyrolles, Vol. 1, pp. 191-239.
Karsety, L. and Pecaut, I. (1998) Evaluation d’un outil d’aide aux coordinations dans le controle aerien : DuoPhone. Internal report 98R12. Centre d'Etude de la Navigation Aerienne.
* Mr. Gilles Gawinowski is the head of the Telecom & Technology Multimedia Center of Expertise at Eurocontrol’s Experimental Center in Paris. He can be reached at Eurocontrol Experimental Center, Rue des Bordes, 91220 Bretigny/Orge Cedex, France. Email: Gilles.email@example.com, Phone: +(33) 1 69 88 74 46.
**Mr. Laurent Guichard is a project leader at Eurocontrol’s Experimental Center in Paris. He can be reached at Eurocontrol Experimental Center, Rue des Bordes, 91220 Bretigny/Orge Cedex, France. Email: Laurent.firstname.lastname@example.org, Phone: +(33) 1 69 88 74 39.
[ Issue Index ] Copyright © 1999 JITI. All rights reserved. [ www.jiti.com ]


The Carel digital thermostat is an industrial control that is perfectly suited for the marine envirnoment.
A digital thermostat uses a Thermister (sensor wire with electronic bulb) to measure the air temperature inside the icebox. The control head (digital display) is mounted outside the icebox, and you can dial the temperature to exactly where you want.
Digital thermostats help preserve your food by keeping the temperature in the icebox at a constant temp.
Digital thermostats do not rust out like a mechanical thermostat that is mounted inside the icebox.
This high-quality industrial control can be used for a thermostat on any marine refrigeration system that uses the Danfoss / SECOP compressor. We consider a digital thermostat to be permanent!
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Important Things to Take Into Consideration When Choosing a Suitable Cellphone Signal Jammer
Some people are finding usage of cell phones as a disturbance and they want to block these cell phone signals in order to gain privacy, freedom, and happiness. A signal jammer aims to block cellphone signals, and there are so many kinds of signal jammers available online and in actual stores. Some signal jammers can also block wifi signals. An ordinary signal jammer can be used in a fixed room which needs a stable power supply. There are portable signal jammers which can work with the use of battery that can be brought anywhere especially in areas where there is no power supply. You need to consider the weight when buying a signal jammer so you can take it easily. Also consider the battery’s working time which can meet your requirement.
Bands frequency, radius range, total output power, and antennas are the most common specifications of a cell phone signal jammer. The most essential part of a cellphone’s specifications is the band’s frequency. Bands frequency is determined by the mobile phone’s compatibility with a network carrier. A signal jammer can interrupt cellphone signals in different frequencies and networks. Band frequencies include CDMA 851 to 894MHz, GSM 925 to 960MHz, DCS 1805 to 1880MHz, PCS 1920 to 1990MHz, 3G 2110 to 2170MHz, 4G1 2300 to 2400MHz, 4G2 725 to 770MHz and WiFi 2400-2500MHz. A radius range refers to the jamming distances that it can block. Jamming distances differ on the strength of the signal and the location. The actual amount of power refers to te total output power of radio frequency energy that a transmitter can produce. Antennas are specialized transducers used for converting radio-frequency fields into alternating current and vice-versa. Jamming devices use several antennas to send signals. A signal jammer’s blocking signal is stronger if it has more signals. In order to reach e a longer range, some antennas are located externally.
Before purchasing a signal jamming device, you must consider the frequency of the device, power output, the amount of operation time, distance covered, power source, and the cooling system. The lifespan of an ordinary signal jammer is shorter compared to one with a good cooling system. If you want to secure your car, all you need is to buy a signal jammer which has the capability to block cellular frequencies and GPS with a five to fifteen-meter range. If you are looking for wide range choices of jammers, we can definitely help you with that. Our wide array of products include professional jammers, cell phone jammers, GPS jammers, VHF/UHF radio-frequency WiFi jammers, bomb jammers, car lock jammers, GSM/3G/4G/LTE jammers, car LoJack jammers, hidden jammers, or portable jammers, we got them all for you. Please view our website and homepage for more details.The 5 Laws of Tools And How Learn More


The 2018 iPhone versions incorporate the iPhone XS and iPhone XS Max plus they comprise complete top notch specifications. On the other hand, the organization’s most inexpensive handset iPhone XR$76,900 includes a couple of compromises to reduce the price tag. However, a YouTuber at a brand new video made a decision to pit the smartphone from the strong Samsung Galaxy Notice 9$61,900 at a speed test. Surprisingly, the smart phones could squeak out a fantastic fight.
Apple did not show memory details about the new iPhone XR, but based on some current iFixit teardown, the smartphone includes 3GB of RAM. Regardless of the gap in RAM, YouTuber Phonebuff desired to check how the iPhone XR will do in comparison to the Galaxy Notice 9, due to Apple’s strong A12 Bionic chip.
The movie posted from the YouTube station tests the total operation of this iPhone XR and Galaxy Notice 9 with just two rounds of programs found on each individual telephone to locate a winner. From the movie, the Apple iPhone XR$76,900 is regarded to race during the first lap of this rate test, which entails launching three programs and games like facebook, Starbucks, Microsoft Word, Camera, and Subway Surfers, approximately 15 seconds faster than the Samsung Galaxy Note 9.
Nonetheless, within another lap, where the exact same collection of programs is obtained to test how fast the opponents can remember them out of their memory, the Samsung flagship was able to compensate for the missing time to connect together with all the iPhone XR. In the long run, the iPhone XR ended with a entire period of 2:38:33 along with the Galaxy Notice 9 completed at 2:38:48.
It’s worth noting that the newest speed test is not definite for quantifying real-world functionality neither of this iPhone XR nor the Galaxy Notice 9. There can be a few cases where you will see the hottest iPhone beating the top-end Galaxy Notice 9, or even vice versa. Additionally, network latency plays a very important role particularly in loading programs that get Internet services.


What We Do
Encorp develops, markets and delivers integrated hardware and software solutions for our distributed energy customers.
Since 1992, Encorp has been among the world's leading providers of network distributed generation control systems for those industries concerned with energy costs and reliability. The company's power technology products and services include energy automation software and grid-interconnection equipment. Our products, combined with our professional services, create dependable, on-site power solutions that can reduce the overall cost of energy for commercial and industrial customers operating in the digital economy.
Encorp's technology-neutral solutions simplify and automate the control of a wide variety of distributed power resources, such as engine-generator sets, micro turbines, combined heat and power (CHP or cogeneration), and energy storage devices. These power resources have become critical components in the operation of any enterprise that demands high-quality, reliable power at reasonable and predictable costs.
To be recognized as the leading provider of enterprise-wide, technology-based solutions for the global distributed energy markets.
To develop and implement networking solutions based on open technologies that integrate, and interoperate with, distributed energy systems.
Encorp LLC is a Primary Integration LLC Company www.primaryintegration.com


Boca Raton, FL – October 25, 2018 – Cirrus Core Networks Inc. (CCN), a leading provider of managed NFV core network services and solutions to global communications service providers, today announced that they are launching their Carrier Breakout Optimization Hub (CBO Hub) with an European Operator. CCN’s CBO Hub optimizes traffic regionally through locally distributed Read more about Cirrus Core Networks Announces Launch of Innovative Carrier Breakout Optimization Hub[…]
The CCN Virtual EPC Solution Cirrus Core Networks’ virtual Evolved Packet Core (vEPC) offering provides Communication Service Providers (CSP) with a carrier-class virtualized solution that is quick to market, remarkably flexible and future proof. The vEPC is a complete LTE packet core solution based on network functions virtualization (NFV) technology. This consolidated solution is comprised Read more about Virtual EPC Solution (vEPC)[…]
Network Slicing Network slicing is a type of virtual networking architecture along with software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV). A network slice is a managed set of network resources and functions that can be specifically configured to support a particular service or application. Networking slicing allows the creation of multiple virtual networks on Read more about Network Slicing with vSSF[…]
London, 20th September 2016 –Small Cell Forum (SCF) has welcomed 18 new members from across the wireless and Internet ecosystems, further expanding the organisation’s breadth of expertise, and strengthening its work in laying the groundwork for robust and interoperable 5G networks.
The Evolved Packet Core (EPC), the core system of the LTE network, was designed as a “flat architecture” in order to handle the payload (the data traffic) efficiently from a performance and cost perspective. The user plane (the data) was also separated from the control plane (the signalling) to make scaling independent. Thanks to this functional split, mobile Read more about Slicing the Mobile Packet Core[…]


UHD/4K and HDMI 2.0
Many people are looking forward to devices that can send and receive HDMI 2.0 signals. Some manufacturers have said that their HDMI 1.4 hardware may be able to be upgraded to HDMI 2.0 using a software patch – the connectors and cables are the same.
When we do get computers, screens, cameras and recording devices that are compatible with HDMI 2.0, what are the limitations when it comes to the various flavours of UHD and 4K?
The HDMI.org FAQ has the answers:
Does HDMI 2.0 support BT.2020 (rec.2020) colorimetry?
Yes. HDMI 2.0 includes support for BT.2020 Colorimetry with 10 or more bits of color depth.
Video Formats defined in BT.2020 and supported by HDMI 2.0 specification:
– 2160p, 10/12 bits, 24/25/30Hz, RGB/4:2:2/4:4:4
– 2160p, 10/12 bits, 50/60Hz, 4:2:0/4:2:2
What are the 4K formats supported by HDMI 2.0?
So if you need the best quality 4K high frame rate monitoring, HDMI 2.0 won’t be enough. It also means that higher frequency 4K monitors will need to drop some colour fidelity in UI mode (when using the monitor as an additional screen with NLE UIs) in contrast with playback mode.
Find out more in the HDMI FAQ.


The world's oceans are warming up and the rise is both significant and real, according to one of the most comprehensive studies into marine temperature data gathered over the past two decades.
Measuring the temperature of the oceans has not been easy, but the scientists behind the latest study believe there is now incontrovertible evidence to show that the top few hundred metres of the sea are warming – and that this temperature rise is consistent with man-made climate change.
The findings are important because ocean temperatures are seen as a more reliable and convincing signal of global warming than land-based measurements, which are prone to huge variability. This is due to the fluctuating influences of the weather and the spread of cities, which can artificially increase local terrestrial temperatures by the urban "heat island" effect.
Scientists involved in the study have looked at temperature recordings gathered by flotation devices that take measurements of the top 700m of the ocean. They conclude that this upper layer of ocean has warmed significantly between 1993 and 2008 – the period covered by the study – and that this is slightly faster than earlier estimates used in the last report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
The research team, led by John Lyman of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Seattle, found that the temperature data gathered over the study period point to a "robust warming" of the upper ocean, despite uncertainties over some of the data.
Rising ocean temperatures are important because the sea is a huge "sink" for global heat and carbon dioxide – its capacity to store heat is about 1,000 times greater than the atmosphere. Warmer water is less able to absorb the extra carbon dioxide being pumped into the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels, and as seawater warms it also expands, causing a rise in sea levels. The temperature measurements were gathered using devices originally developed by the military to estimate the speed of underwater sonar signals.
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April 9, 2021
In this tutorial we will see how to gain access to a remote computer using the EternalBlue exploit. EternalBlue exploits a vulnerability in Microsoft's implementation of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. This vulnerability is denoted by CVE-2017-0144. The vulnerability exists because the SMB version 1 (SMBv1) server in various versions of Microsoft Windows mishandles specially crafted packets from remote attackers, allowing them to execute arbitrary code on the target computer.
Let's download the exploit from the Exploit Database (exploit-db.com).
Once the exploit is downloaded, let's move it to the current working directory and rename it to eternalblue_exploit.py.
We need mysmb.py for this exploit to work.
This shows the raw mysmb.py script.
Let's download it using wget.
For this exploit to work, we need to generate a reverse shell in the format of an executable. msfvenom is a good choice to perform this task.
This is the original smb_pwn() function in the eternalblue_exploit.py file.
However, we need to modify it by including the path to the generated reverse shell file and then add another line to execute the reverse shell.
The script has the USERNAME set to empty.
In order for the exploit to work, we have to set the USERNAME to guest.
Let's create a Metasploit listener to receive the connection back from the target.
Once the listener is created, we execute the exploit by specifying the IP address of the target.
If the exploit gets executed successfully, we can receive our reverse shell from the target.
Running sysinfo which is a built-in meterpreter command shows system information.
getuid which again is a built-in meterpreter command shows us that we have system level privileges on the box.
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Date: Wednesday, 21st October 2015
Time: 2015 – 2145
Venue: Martin Wood Lecture Theatre, Clarendon Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU
Electromagnetism encompasses much of modern technology. Its influence rests on our ability to deploy materials that can control the component electric and magnetic fields. A new class of materials has created some extraordinary possibilities such as a negative refractive index, and lenses whose resolution is limited only by the precision with which we can manufacture them. Cloaks have been designed and built that hide objects within them, but remain completely invisible to external observers. The new materials, named metamaterials, have properties determined as much by their internal physical structure as by their chemical composition and the radical new properties to which they give access promise to transform our ability to control much of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Professor Sir John Pendry is a condensed matter theorist at Imperial College, London. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1969 and worked at Bell Labs from 1972-1973. He has held his professorship in the Blackett Laboratory (Imperial College, London) since 1981. Shortly after, he became the head of the Physics Department and is currently the Chair in Theoretical Solid State Physics. He was named a Fellow of the Optical Society of America in 2005 and knighted (Knight Bachelor) in 2004.
Professor Sir Pendry has worked extensively on electronic and structural properties of surfaces developing the theory of low energy diffraction and of electronic surface states. Another interest is transport in disordered systems where he produced a complete theory of the statistics oftransport in one dimensional systems. In 1992 he turned his attention to photonic materials and this project culminated in the proposal in 2000 for a ‘perfect lens’ whose resolution is unlimited by wavelength. These concepts have stimulated further theoretical investigations and many experiments which have confirmed the predicted properties. More recently in 2006, in collaborationwith David Smith at Duke University, he has proposed a recipe for a cloak that can hide an arbitrary object from electromagnetic fields. Several realizations of this concept have been built some operating at radar and others at visible wavelengths.


Photonfirst chooses SAP Business ByDesign in collaboration with Aiden!
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Photonfirst has the ambition to become a global innovation leader in integrated photonics detection and OEM's partner of choice for advanced applications. They do this with two locations in the Netherlands, more than 30 employees and more than 15 years of experience.
With the step to SAP Business ByDesign as ERP, Photonfirst is ready to realize their ambitions. The implementation has now started.
Photonfirst, thank you for your trust!


12:50 Jul. 7, 2016
Launch marked the debut flight of a next-generation Russian Soyuz capsule
A three-member multinational crew blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from Kazakhstan on Thursday for a two-day trip to the International Space Station, a NASA TV broadcast showed.
NASA astronaut Kathleen "Kate" Rubins, Russian cosmonaut Anatoly Ivanishin and Japanese astronaut Takuya Onishi lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 0136 GMT on Thursday (9:36p.m. EDT Wednesday) and reached orbit nine minutes later.
A video of the launch has been uploaded online by Roscosmos.
The crew's Russian Soyuz capsule is scheduled to arrive at the station, which orbits about 400 km above Earth, at 0412 GMT Saturday (12:12 a.m. EDT) to begin a four-month mission.
Read also: SpaceX Falcon 9 makes historic flight
"I'm incredibly excited about a lot of the biology experiments we're going to be doing," Rubins said in a NASA interview before launch.
Thursday's launch marked the debut flight of a next-generation Russian Soyuz capsule, currently the only vehicles capable of ferrying crew members to and from the station, a 0 billion project of 15 nations.


One project I've been kind of wanting to make is an LED cube. To illustrate just how awesome charlieplexing is, look at how many output pins you'd need to drive an LED cube of a given size compared to the simple multiplexing I "invented".
|Edge Length||# LEDs||Req. Multiplexed Outputs||Req. Charlieplexed Outputs|
So on the Arduino, where I think I have 12 ports to work with, I could either do a 3x3x3 cube the old and busted way or do a 5x5x5 cube the new hotness way. (Or maybe I have 18-19 ports, in which case it's still 3x3x3 the old way but now 6x6x6 the new way.) But how can you possibly control that many LEDs with so few ports? Read the instructable!
Or read this simplified summary: Basically, you set things up so that every port can be either positive or negative. Then attach your LEDs so that every possible combination of ports lights one up. (Remember that LEDs are one-way valves, so port A being positive with B negative can light one LED while reversing polarity can light another one. Just remember not to cross the streams.) "Every possible combination" of N ports is N *(N - 1), so with, say, 9 ports you can control 9 * 8 = 72 LEDs.
5x5x5 isn't enough to be a 3D display, though. But a larger cube could be decomposed into smaller cubes each controlled by a separate microcontroller. 10x10x10 is probably large enough to show some cool animation, although coordinating 8 microcontrollers might be a pain. Not to mention wiring up 1000 LEDs.


Experience the Benefits of Lexus Hybrids
Every Lexus Hybrid is capable of delivering the benefits of both high performance and fuel economy.
Starting From a Stop
When starting from a stop under normal conditions, only the electric drive is used for light acceleration, resulting in a gentle, quiet takeoff. To provide maximum acceleration, the electric drive works in combination with the gas engine. In both cases, Lexus Hybrids enjoy immediate torque delivery.
While cruising, Lexus Hybrid Drive optimizes output from the electric motor and gasoline engine by allocating power to the drive wheels, as well as to an electric generator, ensuring maximized efficiency.
When extra acceleration is desired, the battery provides added power to the electric drive, resulting in a quiet, smooth and intelligent response. As speed increases, the gas engine serves power in tandem with the Electronically controlled Continuously Variable Transmission (ECVT), producing serene and effortless acceleration without the jarring shift points experienced in a conventional car.
When a driver hits the brakes, the Lexus Hybrid Drive system suspends its delivery of drive power and begins generating electricity. Thanks to a highly effective regenerative braking system, kinetic energy usually lost during braking is instead converted to electricity and sent back to the battery.
At a Stop
Unlike traditional gasoline engines, which must idle and consume fuel even at a standstill, a Lexus Hybrid switches off its gas engine when decelerating and at a stop, saving fuel and minimizing emissions. The electric motor remains ready and available for immediate takeoff.


SOLVER for ISUP
Solver for ISUP provides load and stress to ISUP based telecommunication networks. Solver provides the ability to simulate ISUP calls with a large number of simulated subscribers providing load to switches.
Solver ISUP can simulate a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) with hundreds of thousands connected subscribers providing load to the Core Network (CN). A number of different traffic scenarios and various call settings can be made in order to achieve as close to real-life traffic conditions as possible.


Alerts provides automatic, real-time notification for changes in your origin infrastructure and information delivery patterns.
The Alert functionality is based on the company's state-of-the-art monitoring technology that is used to monitor the network. This proven, reliable, and secure technology keeps continual watch over enterprises' origin infrastructure and information delivery patterns and directly informs you when pre-defined thresholds have been crossed.
Alerts can be configured for each product on the Luna Control Center. First, set up a condition to monitor, for example network traffic (e.g., high traffic over a specified threshold) or infrastructure (e.g., origin server failure), and indicate the threshold that will trigger an alert. When Alerts detects the occurrence of the condition you specified, you'll receive a notification e-mail. In addition, Alerts sends you an e-mail when the condition clears.
To configure a new alert:
Navigate to Configure > Alerts
Select the product for which you would like to configure the alert
Click 'View all configured alerts
Click 'Add alert'
Click on the type of alert you would like to create
Define thresholds and alert recipients
For more information about alerts, see the Alert Documentation


The Intel Management Engine is a secondary processor present in all modern Intel systems. This series will cover version 11.0 of the Management Engine, which is present on 6th and 7th generation Intel systems. Later versions are derived from this version.
The ME is often portrayed as a backdoor that we users have no control or insight over, and there are a number of misunderstandings perpetuated by opponents of the technology.
It is widely believed that the ME serves no legitimate purpose; this is not true. The ME originated as a seperate component used for management of enterprise systems. As systems became more integrated, it was incorporated into the PCH (southbridge), rather than the CPU. Later, Intel must have decided that it needed more sophisticated logic for initializing the clock controllers, because they moved this functionality into the ME.
Since then, the ME can no longer be disabled by removing its firmware, as it is a critical part of system bringup and thus the system will not boot without it.
So what exactly is this ME? It consists of a CPU with associated ROM, RAM and peripherals located in the PCH. It runs its own operating system, with a number of applications and drivers providing services to the host firmware and user.
Image: Intel (c) (Hasarfaty & Moyal, 2019).
For a long time, the only real resource available for researching the ME was the firmware stored in the SPI flash on the motherboard. This was especially difficult before ME version 11.0, as the earlier implementations used variants of the ARC architecture, which were not well-supported in popular reverse engineering toolchains. Despite this, some research was done and yielded a basic understanding of those versions (Skochinsky, 2014).
Research really took off in 2015 when Intel released their Sunrise Point chipset, the first to use ME 11.0. ME 11 and onwards are based on a derivative of the Intel 486 processor, which makes analysis of the code much easier.
The ME 11.0 images consist of various layers stored in the ME region of the SPI ROM (Goryachy, Ermolov, & Sklyarov, 2017). I will describe these layers in more detail later on in this series. There are easy-to-use tools available for parsing and extracting these images, such as unME11 by Dmitry Sklyarov.
The files contained in the firmware images can be divided into rougly two categories: Metadata and module files. The metadata files are parsed by the tools into human readable text files, and the module files are flat binaries containing the module code.
The ME runs a microkernel operating system which (since (Goryachy, Ermolov, & Sklyarov, 2017)) is commonly believed to be Minix. In fact, Intel use a custom microkernel (replacing the ThreadX system used before ME 11.0), which takes the POSIX VFS, system call interface and parts of the userland from Minix 3.
The boot flow for the ME, Image: (Goryachy, Ermolov, & Sklyarov, 2017).
Microkernels have an inherent bootstrap problem, where functionality needed to load and start server processes is implemented by those same processes. The ME operation solves this by having a bringup (
bup) server, which contains a barebones implementation of all services and drivers it would otherwise depend on. This module needs access to almost all core peripherals and system calls, and is thus a very interesting target when attacking the ME (Goryachy & Ermolov, 2017).
- Hasarfaty, S., & Moyal, Y. (2019). Behind the Scenes of Intel Security and Manageability Engine. BlackHat. Retrieved from https://i.blackhat.com/USA-19/Wednesday/us-19-Hasarfaty-Behind-The-Scenes-Of-Intel-Security-And-Manageability-Engine.pdf
- Skochinsky, I. (2014). Intel ME secrets. CODE BLUE. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/codeblue_jp/igor-skochinsky-enpub
- Goryachy, M., Ermolov, M., & Sklyarov, D. (2017). Intel ME: The Way of the Static Analysis. Troopers. Retrieved from https://www.troopers.de/downloads/troopers17/TR17_ME11_Static.pdf
- Goryachy, M., Ermolov, M., & Sklyarov, D. (2017). Intel ME: Детали устройства файловой системы в Flash-памяти. RUCTF. Retrieved from https://live.ructf.org/intel_me.pdf
- Goryachy, M., & Ermolov, M. (2017). How to Hack a Turned-Off Computer, or Running Unsigned Code inIntel Management Engine. Black Hat Europe. Retrieved from https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Goryachy-How-To-Hack-A-Turned-Off-Computer-Or-Running-Unsigned-Code-In-Intel-Management-Engine.pdf


In a presentation showcasing the Neuralink implant that Elon Musk hopes will someday connect the human brain to a computer, two monkeys were reportedly moving computer cursors with their brains.
The feat was first documented by others in a human in 2006 in the pre-YouTube era and with technology that is far more cumbersome, mooring patients to a computer with a cord.
Mr. Musk’s presentation on Wednesday night offered little that was significantly new from previous demonstrations of the device. He continued to claim that the implant could make computer control possible for people with paralysis outside of a lab setting. But experts in the field questioned whether the demonstration showed major progress with the device, especially given the breadth of work underway nationwide.
“These are incremental advances,” Daniel Yoshor, a neurosurgeon and neuroscientist at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania who has worked with similar devices, said after watching the presentation. “The hardware is impressive but does not represent a dramatic advance in restoring or enhancing brain function.”
Neuralink does not have approval from the Food and Drug Administration to sell the device. Mr. Musk said on Wednesday that the company had submitted most of its paperwork to the agency to seek permission to implant its device in a human. He predicted a test in humans in six months, but any step toward trials in people would be up to the F.D.A. after a full evaluation of the risks of surgical implantation and safety of the device.
Neuralink originally scheduled the event for the end of October, before Mr. Musk, a multibillionaire, postponed the presentation amid one of the more chaotic months of his career. He recently completed his off-again, on-again purchase of Twitter, which has commanded much of his attention — and generated considerable controversy — over management of the social media company.
While Mr. Musk juggles that and other duties — he also oversees the electric carmaker Tesla and the rocket company SpaceX — Neuralink is emerging from a period of change. Last year, Max Hodak, the company’s president and one of its co-founders, left to launch his own venture in the field. Neuralink’s chief executive is officially Jared Birchall, a wealth manager who runs Mr. Musk’s family office.
Wednesday night’s presentation focused on the “Link” device, which resembles an inch-wide stack of several coins with hundreds of hair-thin threads. A surgical robot would cut a hole in the skull and slip the electrode threads into the gray matter of the brain, according to Mr. Musk’s 2020 company presentation. The coin-like piece would sit flush with the skull.
Leaders in the field of brain-computer interface technology have been closely watching Neuralink’s investment in a device that operated without protruding wires or hardware. Yet Mr. Musk’s presentations thus far have concerned and underwhelmed many of them.
A 2021 Neuralink presentation of a monkey playing the video game Pong with his mind was similar to a primate demonstration at Brown University in 2001, though it had a far clunkier system.
In a 2020 presentation showcasing a pig with the implant, Mr. Musk suggested the device could “solve” conditions including paralysis and insomnia and could even give a user “superhuman vision.” Such applications sound like science fiction to scientists who are singularly focused on restoring basic functions, like typing, speaking or lifting a fork, to those who have lost them after a spinal cord injury or a dire diagnosis. For such patients, the benefits weigh favorably against the small, but serious, risk of brain surgery.
“No one is talking about implanting able-bodied people,” said Cindy Chestek, an associate professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Michigan whose lab is working on restoring function to amputees.
On Wednesday night, Mr. Musk said plans for his device included making the blind see and giving someone with a severed spinal cord “full-body functionality.” The claims drew applause from the audience, but do not reflect the state of the field.
“I would not say that with confidence,” Dr. Yoshor said after Mr. Musk had claimed the Neuralink device would give sight to people who have never seen before. “I would be highly unsure of this kind of device in a patient with congenital blindness.”
Safety will be the F.D.A.’s primary concern in considering whether the device could be tested in humans, said Cristin Welle, an associate professor of neuroscience at the University of Colorado, who helped draft F.D.A. guidance on brain-computer implants before leaving the agency in 2016.
Dr. Welle said regulators will focus on whether the device would damage the brain or present unreasonable risks to patients. She said device durability would also be considered, given the potential for brain fluids to eat through insulation coating the hundreds of hairlike electrodes on the Link device.
So far, Neuralink has tested the device on sheep, pigs and primates, according to records filed with the Agriculture Department.
Several other companies and scientists have already obtained approval from the F.D.A. to study similar devices in humans. In 2004, researchers conducted human trials with the Utah array, a device the size of a baby aspirin and fitted with spikes that is surgically placed on the brain. It connects through a wire to a small computer installed on the head that transmits to a computer. This neural interface system is called BrainGate.
With the pieces in place, scientists seek patterns in the electrical current of neurons that signal the brain’s intention to type letters or lift a hand. The code, in turn, commands a computer or robot to perform the task.
Nearly three dozen patients have undergone testing with the Utah array device. Using the technology, people with paralysis or other disabilities have lifted a cinnamon latte with a robotic arm in 2011, typed letters quoting Shakespeare in 2012 and lifted forkfuls of mashed potatoes in 2016.
But the Utah array is not suited to long-term use. It rises up out of the skull, tethers users to a cord linked to a computer and exposes them to the risk of a brain infection. For these and other reasons, companies like Neuralink are working to build devices that are fully implanted.


Updating escd boot problem
The four "partners" that must be Plug and Play compliant in order for it to work properly are: The hardware on your system, through the system chipset and system bus controllers, must be capable of handling Pn P devices.
For modern PCI-based systems this is built in, as PCI was designed with Pn P in mind.
In many cases older PCs that have an outdated BIOS but otherwise have support for Pn P in hardware (PCI-based Pentiums produced between 19 are the prime candidates) can be made Pn P-compliant through a BIOS upgrade.
Finally, the operating system must be designed to work with the BIOS (and thus indirectly, with the hardware as well).
Nach einer Pause von zwei Sekunden läuft der Boot-Vorgang weiter, und ich habe keine weiteren Störungen beobachtet. Sie befindet sich im Flash-ROM des Rechners, in dem auch das BIOS residiert.For several reasons, however, neither of these buses caught on and became popular.Pn P hit the mainstream in 1995 with the release of Windows 95 and PC hardware designed to work with it.In an attempt to resolve this ongoing problem, the Plug and Play (also called Pn P) specification was developed by Microsoft with cooperation from Intel and many other hardware manufacturers.


The National Football League (NFL) has been the pinnacle of American football ever since it was founded in 1920. Throughout its history, the NFL has always been at the forefront of innovation, adopting new technologies and strategies to improve the game and enhance the fan experience. From the introduction of instant replay in the 1980s to the use of GPS tracking and helmet sensors to improve player safety, technology has become an essential part of the sport. With the rise of analytics, the game has become even more data-driven, with coaches and front-office executives relying on advanced statistical analysis to make informed decisions.
Moreover, technology has also transformed the fan experience, allowing mobile ticketing, virtual reality experiences, and augmented reality to bring fans closer to the action than ever before. Through social media, teams and players can connect with fans and share behind-the-scenes or other types of content, creating a more immersive and interactive fan experience. As technology continues to evolve, the NFL game is sure to continue to enhance in exciting ways.
In this article, we will explore some of the ways technology is changing the NFL game, from player safety to analytics and the fan experience.
One of the most significant changes that technology has brought to the NFL is increased player safety. In recent years, the NFL has invested heavily in new technology to help reduce the number of concussions and other injuries suffered by players. It includes the use of helmet sensors to track the impact of hits on players’ heads and new rules to protect players from dangerous hits.
The NFL has also implemented new technologies to help teams prevent injuries from occurring in the first place. For example, teams now use GPS tracking to monitor player movements during practice and games, allowing coaches to adjust training and play-calling to minimize the risk of injuries.
Another area where technology has had a significant impact on the NFL game is video replay. The usage of instant replay has been a part of the NFL since the 1980s, but technology has made it more accurate and efficient. Today, every play is reviewed by a team of officials in the booth, who can use video replay to determine if a call on the field was correct.
Video replay has also had an impact on the NFL draft games. Teams now use video analysis to evaluate potential draft picks, looking at game footage to identify strengths and weaknesses. It has led to more informed draft decisions and has helped teams build stronger rosters.
Teams now use advanced statistical analysis to evaluate players, plays, and game strategies. By analyzing vast amounts of data, teams can identify trends and patterns that were previously impossible to detect.
It has led to a new era of data-driven decision-making in the NFL. Coaches and front-office executives use analytics to make informed decisions about everything from play-calling to personnel decisions. Analytics has also transformed the way fans view the game, with advanced statistics and data visualizations helping to bring new insights and perspectives to the sport.
Technology has also significantly impacted the fan experience. From mobile ticketing to virtual reality experiences, fans now have more ways than ever to engage with the sport they love. It includes the usage of augmented reality to enhance the in-stadium experience, allowing fans to see real-time stats and replays on their mobile devices.
The NFL has also embraced social media, with clubs and players utilizing sites such as Twitter and Instagram to engage with fans and offer behind-the-scenes videos. It has helped to create a more immersive and interactive fan experience, with fans feeling more connected to their favorite teams and players than ever before.
Technology is changing the NFL game in exciting ways, from player safety to analytics and the fan experience. As the sport continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovations in the years to come.
Whether it’s through the usage of new technologies or the continued evolution of existing ones, the future of the NFL game is sure to be shaped by technology in ways we can’t even imagine yet.
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To get your computer safely connected to the VUB’s network, here are some pointers:
- Obtaining an IP address
- Making the physical connection
- Configuring your computer for the VUB network
- Securing your computer
Obtaining an IP address
Every computer on the VUB network has its own unique IP address. This IP address is usable within a reasonable physical environment, typically the building you are residing in. If you use your computer on multiple (distant) locations, you might need an extra address for other locations. The IP address is bound to a specific computer, but can be transferred to a new computer if it gets replaced, at no extra cost. Activation of a new IP address carries a cost as mentioned in the article Request for activation and equipment.
Making the physical connection
Most of the campus has been updated from coaxial cabling to UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cabling. You can recognize this when looking at the wall socket. If the cable is screwed into the wall socket, you still have coaxial cabling. If it is plugged in like a telephone, then you are upgraded to UTP cabling. Not every single one of these connections carries active network signal. Some are reserved for telephony, others have simply not yet been activated. In case of doubt, contact us to know if a particular wall socket is ‘active‘. If not, you can request activation as explained in the article Request for activation and equipment.
You might need a UTP cable or some extra hardware (hub or switch e.g.) to get your computer connected. Details and prices can be found in the same article mentioned above.
Configuring your computer for the VUB network
The IP address you have received for your computer must be configured in your TCP-IP protocol. We can currently refer to the dutch documentation made for the student rooms – the procedure is the same. A more appropriate article will be published later.
Securing your computer
Read this article detailing the procedure of installing McAfee.


The MARINA e-learning training material is developed with the aim of supporting self-learning for the intended audience, to be completed at their own pace and time commitment. With the goals to establish, explain, and promote the capabilities and use cases of the LADAR technology, the flexible and structured e-learning approach is designed for busy professionals, and also to be able to do the training online to avoid the costs and risks for traveling.
Training portal can accessed at the following URL.
As part of Work Package 2, a Digital Training Academy is being developed in the MARINA project, to provide access to the relevant information and training modules for the end-users, ship and port operators and fleet management so that they can acquire fundamental information about the LADAR system, how it functions, its use case scenarios and applications. The digital training programme follows two approaches, related to e-learning training modules, and training activities in the AR / VR (Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality) environment.
The use of AR / VR headsets allows for on-board as well as remote training. Immersive training using such AR / VR headsets can be used everywhere (e.g. from on-board a vessel and even home) presenting a significant advantage over simulator training centers or traditional classrooms. The video shows a demonstration of the AR / VR training, which is a recorded video from an operator wearing the Microsoft HoloLens 2 headset, demonstrating the interactive features of the training content being developed for this headset. For actual interactive experience of this demonstrator, the Microsoft HoloLens 2 headset is required. We look forward to meeting potential end-users and customers in trade shows and conferences to let them experience LADAR in the AR / VR environment.
Learn more about our instrument by examining 3D Model of the Instrument.


Over 15 years in the making.
The Omniguard 4 is the clear choice for monitoring and documenting Vacuum and Pressure in a containment area. Ideal for Asbestos, Lead and Mold abatement and Clean Room monitoring. The Omniguard 4 utilizes state of the art pressure measurement technology to accurately monitor pressure inside a containment area.
We've taken everything we've learned from over 15 years of making pressure monitors and put it into the Omniguard 4. The same great ease of use, accuracy, versatility and reliability you've come to expect from a product bearing the Omniguard name, with the new features you've asked for.
We started with a self contained design so there are no AC adapters to lose or hoses to keep track of. Everything fits inside the new improved case just like before, only now you can protect your investment from damage by operating the Omniguard with the lid closed. The easy to use graphical interface is still there but you'll have a bigger screen with a white backlight for better viewing.
You can download and view logs using your computer's USB port and our free software, and with the Omniguard 4 you can also monitor the currrent status and change the setup directly on your PC.
For 2009 we've added a second USB port that lets you download job logs directly to a USB flash drive at the job site. You can view and store the logs later on your PC. No more carrying your laptop around to collect logs or bringing you Omniguard into the office to hook up to the computer.
The new USB port also gives you the ability to connect your Omniguard 4 to an external cellular wireless modem. This lets you automatically send alarm warnings and daily job summaries to wireless phones and email accounts. In addition the Omniguard will respond to requests for information from wireless phones and via email, giving you instant access to the current status as well as job summaries.
If you need to retrieve your Omniguard's job logs remotely you can connect an external telephone modem instead. You'll be able to download the complete log from anywhere using your computer and a phone line.
With features designed to display information clearly and quickly, you'll be confident that you have the best instrument for the job.
Designed to be the most reliable long term monitoring recorder in field, the Omniguard 4 offers compact design, ease of use and durability that will last from job to job.
New For 2009
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336pcs/set RC Building Blocks App Remote Control Car Super Heroes Funny Toys Specification:
Color: As shown
Age: Above 8Y
Car battery: 3.7V 150mAh lithium battery
Car battery charging time: about 60 minutes
Driving time: about 15 minutes
Remote control mode: 2.4G technology remote control handle
Remote control distance: about 20 meters
Remote control battery: 2 1.5V AAA batteries (not included)
1.Due to the different monitor and light effect, the actual color of the item might be slightly different from the color showed on the pictures. Thank you!
2.Please allow 1-3cm measuring deviation due to manual measurement.
Package Content: 1 X Remote Control Car
1 X Remote Control
1 X Lithium Battery
1 X Manual


... Intuitive understanding of a combinatorics formula. Three Phase Current. True, Reactive, and Apparent Power ... without reference to phase angle. Review of 3-Phase Circuits . Similarly, the total reactive and the total apparent power in the three-phase balanced ac circuits can be given by. Single- and Three-Phase Power Measurements 1 ... the apparent power and load impedance angle can be found ... (and thus the power factor of the load). True, Reactive, and Apparent Power Chapter 11 - Power Factor. The 3-phase (3) power of a circuit is simply the sum of the power in the three individual phases. Power factor calculator. I am given a balanced 3 phase circuit question shown in the linked image. This is done for efficiency and/or to use less wire for the required performance. Free Online calculation of electrical power and energy : formula and calculator AC POWER calculator for single phase or 3-phase system (balanced load) Power Factor | Calculation and Power Factor Improvement Electrical Power Factor In general power is the capacity to do work. ... without reference to phase angle. Calculating Active power in 3 Phase. 3.8 Power in Three-Phase AC Circuits. Calaculate power factor, apparent power, reactive power and correction capacitor's capacitance. Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. The first formula Power Factor Correction in Battery Chargers Improving PF Performance and Compliance by using Battery Chargers with Built-in Power Factor Correction 3-phase is used for high power loads and also for transmitting power over distance. P = 3 1/2 U I cos = 1.732 U I PF (3b) Direct Current. Formulas for active and apparent power. Apparent, True Applied and Reactive Power - kVA. 3 ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHED Zero voltage switched controls proportionally turn on and off each full cycle of the power line cycle. When calculating the active power in the 3 phase Star, and Delta formations, there are two different currents used depending on the layout. In the second formula, the phase values of voltage and current are multiplied by 3. Line Voltages , Phase Voltages, Line Currents & Phase Currents and Power in Star (Y) Connection Voltage, Current & Power Values in 3-Phase Star Connection. ... For the sake of simplicity, let's assume the power factor (PF) is unity. A typical common use of 3-phase in Europe is to feed a street of houses with a 3 Technical Data SA02607001E Effective August 2014 Power factor correction: a guide for the plant engineer EATON www .eaton .com Should I be concerned about Simple explanation with formulas. Apparent power in three-phase networks . Power Factor and Power Factor Correction ... apparent power produces the same figure, ... in the neutral lines of 3-phase distribution networks, In the energy conversion at the consumer no losses will If the phase values of voltage and current are known, the apparent power can be computed using the formula: VA = 3 E Phase I Phase Notice that in the first formula, the line values of voltage and current are multiplied by the square root of 3. Apparent power is measured in volt-amperes ... How to Calculate 3 Phase Motor Power Consumption. Apparent and Complex Power. Therefore, the above equation becomes.


This is what an indoor security camera should be. See your home 24/7 - in super clear 1080p HD. With 24/7 live streaming, a versatile magnetic stand, person alerts with Nest Aware and one app for all your Nest products, Nest Cam Indoor helps you keep an eye on what matters. From anywhere.
Nest Cam IQ is a powerhouse of brains and brawn. Weatherproof. Tamper-resistant. And seriously sharp. So it can help you know about a break-in before it happens.Good insight starts with incredible sight. Nest Cam IQ can detect a person up to 50 feet away, then alert you with a photo of who’s there. With Nest Aware, it can even recognize a familiar face.What do you get when you combine a 4K sensor with HDR and intelligent imaging? Supersight. It’s 1080p HD with superpowers. With Daytime HDR Nest Cam IQ combines multiple 4K images to even out challenging lighting conditions. So details don’t get blown out or lost in the shadows.
Nest Cam IQ has serious processing power, so it can do things like tell a person from a thing. And even recognize faces with Nest Aware. What do you get when you combine a 4K sensor with HDR and intelligent imaging? Supersight. Itrsquo;s a sharp new way to look after home. A powerful speaker can scare off intruders from afar. And with noise cancellation and echo suppression, you can hear them loud and clear.


The wearables tech industry is projected to grow 64 percent over the next three years, reaching $25 billion in 2019. The Wearables Marketplace and related lifestyle exhibit areas on the CES show floor have more than tripled in size since 2015.
Robin Raskin, founder and president of Living in Digital Times stated:
“Wristwear, eyewear, fingerwear, clothing, accessories – thanks to the advances in mobile technology you can now carry the power of your desktop on your body. The innovation that stems from the wearables market is one of the main themes of CES 2016. As wearable technology improves it has become a part of our daily lives and is now the “It” technology at CES 2016.”
Wearables are on display at the Living in Digital Times Marketplace and Showcases at Tech West in the Sands. Here is a guide on where to find them:
Baby Tech– Some of the wearable companies at the Baby Tech Showcase are Mimo Baby, a monitor that gives parents a new level of insight into their baby’s sleep quality and BuddyTag, a stylish way to wear a waterproof wristband that uses Bluetooth technology to monitor a child.
Health & Wellness– As innovation improves the ability to diagnose, monitor and treat illnesses and diseases, wearables are taking over the digital health space.


Get to know Parknav®
PARKNAV has been revolutionizing on-street parking in real-time with a highly accurate and scalable solution since its founding in 2015.
Using BIG DATA and AI, our award-winning data science and machine learning team bring the most precise parking availability information for mobility, smart city, transportation, and automotive.
We provide both on-street and off-street parking availability, whether free, metered, or permit, as well as curbside restrictions, traffic control data, and data acquisition from city sensors.
Parknav is available in over 1000+ cities across North America & Europe and has over 5.5 billion recorded parking events, already paving the future of urban transportation for smarter cities with a faster, safer, and more efficient traffic flow.
Machine Learning Expertise
Parknav® (part of Ai Incube Inc) uses machine learning big data, and predictive analytics along with proprietary and patented technology to offer real-time information for “live street” parking.
Artificial Intelligence & Big Data
Utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) on IOT data to provide real-time predictions for activities in the “live-street”. Since our inception, we recorded over 5.5B+ Parking Events.Parknav is now offered in over 1000+ cities across North America and EMEA
Meet Our Leadership Team.
PARKNAV experts have a combined 150+ years of development experience in big data, analytics, computer vision, machine and deep learning, corporate expertise, International experience, and technology, with more than 50% of the team holding Masters and PhDs. Meet the team that manages our amazing squad.
Want to find parking? Let’s talk!
We’d love to hear from you and help solve all your parking needs – from finding available spots, to restrictions, traffic control, smart city information or just to talk about parking itself.


Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Portable bottle warmer via USB cable
This bottle warmer is suitable for shopping , traveling , picnics and more.
It is precise , portable and convenient to use with the USB cable and digital display.
The bottle warmer can be adjusted to fit most baby bottles .
Material: Made of high quality faux leather and heating film.
Shell material: plastic.
Battery type: lithium-ion polymer battery
Comes with a USB cable for charging
Delivery: free , delivery time between 6 to 10 working days


Nitek wireless bridges are communication radios that are deployed to connect two or more networks or sub-networks which are physically or logically separated. The bridges can be configured to bridge two network components together in a point-to-point configuration. Network Bridges can also be installed as a point to multipoint configuration using one device as a centralized communicator.
Wireless network bridges provide low cost means of connecting network communications between two locations. In large scale installation wireless bridges are installed to connect mesh networks across large campuses, commuter railways, and throughout citywide deployed systems of networking, voice data and security.