Comments from Frankston, Reed, and Friends
Friday, February 28, 2003
BobF at 1:57 PM [url]:
We didn�t create the automobile by lashing a carriage to a mechanical horse but we were able to repurpose the roads designed for horses by paving them to create a smooth surface. The Internet isn�t just an upgrade to the phone network. It needs its own path. The existing copper infrastructure is a valuable resource that can be used as a native medium for Internet connectivity. We must take advantage of the opportunity to provide universal connectivity very quickly at a low cost, we get vastly improved telephony as a free bonus.
It's well known that there is a lot of "dark fiber". High capacity networks run over glass fibers and you light them with a laser to transmit data. When burying cables the cost of adding extra fiber is low. These fibers are kept dark until needed.
What is less well known is that we have a similar situation with our copper-based or traditional infrastructure. We generally "light" it with the low frequency based-band signals that we've been using for telephony for the last century.
If we light it with radio signals (as we do with DSL), the capacity goes from a few kilobits per second to megabits. Since we dedicate a pair per household we are leaving the wire completely empty almost all of the time. If you use the telephone for two hours a day at 32kbps (to be generous), then you are sending only 3kbps on the average on a wire that has a capacity of a few megabits per second. This means we are using only .1% of capacity but I'm generous so I'll say 1%.
According to Dave Burstein, the cost is a few hundred dollars a port. Since it can be done incrementally this is a very attractive way to upgrade the infrastructure. While I understand the desire to run new fiber -- it does provide far more capacity -- it is hard to justify throwing away an infrastructure that can deliver connectivity now and where the demand is. While fiber might be useful when we want to deliver 100 megabits to each home, we must not have a static goal. We must be able to buy capacity as we need it. If we can't get enough capacity over copper, then we will deploy fiber. But not just 100 megabits, we will have a market process that can deliver as much capacity as we demand. As we've been with PCs, 100 megabits may seem like a lot now but in a few years we'll view it as too slow to even consider.
Lighting our copper infrastructure can give us the benefits of connectivity now (and it could've given us the benefits five years ago). The benefits are even greater if we treat the bundle of copper as a whole rather than reserving a pair of wires for each subscriber. We would then have a multi-gigabit pipe that is tolerant of failures. It is easy to extend the service by mixing copper and fiber segments since they are just transporting bits.
At the central office we also get very large savings since we needn't do any telephony processing at all. The voice calls are just low speed data streams that add little additional traffic. Phone calls only incur a charge when bridged to the legacy phone network (The PSTN or Public Switched Telephone Network) and that will become the rare exception. Even then, there would only be local calls and, in the United States, such calls generally incur no additional charges.
Given that I can buy a full computer that acts as a network router and provides NAT (Network Address Translation) and other services for $20 and a PC modem is often implemented entirely in software, the actual cost of lighting the copper to capacity should be very low. Resilience is far less expensive than assuring that no component will fail.
Connectivity means that we are not longer dependent upon a very slow and cumbersome process for delivering new services.
E911 is a great example. The E is necessary to distinguish it from 9/11. In fact 9/11 only heightens the need for improvement. While we can convince ourselves that E911 works, it really doesn't work very well. A single cut wire makes it fail. And it only identifies the phone used and that phone might not even be where it is supposed to be. Any "improvement' takes decades. While E911 is a great improvement over nothing, we can do far better.
An IP based E911 could evolve very rapidly. At very least a heartbeat would detect the loss of connectivity. One can hire additional observers, such as security firms, to monitor the messages. Instead of just a single phone, the system can allow for additional sensors and signaling. Patient monitoring would be an integrated service instead of a special case. Once we can have additional observers we can also use the system to provide a very detailed map when there is a disaster such as a flood. If the wires are out we can use wireless connectivity instead even if it is at a lower speed. This is all very simple and low-tech once you have connectivity.
Of course, there are many additional services that provide immediate economic value. These services are currently stymied by the ancient telephony paradigm which is built upon circuits that require exclusive use of a particular pair of copper wires while providing connectivity between only two end points at a time. The Internet shares these resources and connects everything to everything.
Just as we don't treat the car as a horseless carriage, we should stop thinking of our copper infrastructure as the telephone network. It's just a dimly lit neighborhood off the Internet waiting for the light to shine.


Consisting of two components, Emu is an advanced "placeshifting" system for streaming a private live television source, such as a cable or satellite subscription, to another location for personal viewing.
Emu Server can capture a source using a suitable DirectShow-compatible capture device, control it using an IRTrans or LIRC-compatible IR transmitter, encode it using configurable encoding parameters and stream it over the local network or to a remote location via the Internet.
Emu Player has been designed to produce the best possible user experience for watching the stream on either television, tablet or mobile devices. When installed on a suitable HTPC, the configurable "10-foot UI" is designed to be controlled using a physical controller, such as an air mouse or MCE remote.
Favourite channels, together with customizable high-resolution logos can be configured on the server and are automatically pushed to the player and displayed in a straightforward user interface for the viewer to select.
For long distance streaming, advanced users can configure additional relay servers, placed at geographically strategic locations between the streaming server and the player, with the system automatically choosing the best route for the stream.
While the hardware is more expensive and Emu is trickier to setup than existing off-the-shelf solutions, the advantages are that it is more flexible, the hardware can be upgraded as encoding technology evolves, its decentralised nature means it isn't reliant on the continued operation of any thirdparty servers and the viewing experience is ad-free and designed for viewing on the big-screen.


Check Your Home for "Hot Spots" of EMF over 2 Milligauss Check Cellular Phone Radiation
10 to 20% of all homes are covered in "hot spots" of electromagnetic fields over 2 milligauss. With the CellSensor, one can walk the house and in 5 minutes find these hot spots that measure over 2 and avoid placing beds and furniture there.
Simple to use, the Cell Sensor meter shows the hot spots with needle, light and sound! The meter is normally quiet...showing 0 reading. When you walk by a hot spot, the needle goes up over 2, the light glows, the sound beeps!
- Detects and Measures EMF Fields generated by electric current in two scales, 0-5 and 0-50 milliGauss
- Measures Cellular Phone RF Radiation in two scales, 0-1 and 0-10 mW/cm2
- Includes Exterior Probe for ease of measurement of ELF fields (extremely low frequency magnetic fields).
- Also measures Electromagnetic Fields generated by Power Lines, Computer Monitors, TVs, Appliances, Home Wiring, and Other Unsuspected Sources.
- Sound and Visual Signals Combined with Analog Measurement
- Audio signal with volume control
- Light signal glows when you walk by a "hot spot"
- ISO 9001 controlled manufacturing
- Ease-to-Use - Comprehensive documentation easily guides you through the process
- Rugged ABS plastic construction, high quality components
- CE registered
- Requires one 9-volt alkaline battery
- Free Booklet on RF/ELF Issues (Includes Guides on How to Reduce Your Exposure)
- Backed by a no-questions-asked 30-day end user warranty


The Intel Core i7 is a newest member of a long distinctive line of great laptop processors, which are supposed to dominate the laptop market as well as the complete desktop calculating world. With a quad core processor inside, the i7 is truly one of the greatest options for any laptop. Intel has really stepped it up with this product, which in turn also greatly improves up as an extremely efficient and powerful game playing laptop too. With a quad core cpu, not only does the laptop manage more quickly and having a lot more strength, but it are likewise able to do all kinds of tasks that various other laptops cannot even perform. This makes it an extremely desirable choice for many people.
When comparing various laptop computers based on cpu speed, the Core-i7 is far and away the best, and it sounds out most of the top laptop processors in the lower divisions. This is due to some very new technology inside Intel’s newest generation of PC processors, which is generally known as “Skylake”. This is certainly a big progression over earlier generations, containing enabled Intel to gain surface in the portable environment, where they previously experienced no competition. It’s a great chip, which provides you the best overall performance when it comes to rate, but the extra watts that you should use in in an attempt to get a good effectiveness level actually are worth it in due course.
The way Intel Core cpus are positioned in the market is founded on many factors, such as the range of cores, which usually determine the maximum performance that a processor provides. Another important issue is the making process, which will determines just how fast every core is certainly, and how very much heat is normally generated. Lastly, the structures of the processor chip https://onlinebusinessshop.net/how-to-become-a-software-engineer/ is additionally a deciding factor, even to the support for several technologies, such as Windows vista, XP, as well as the latest Mac operating system. All of these different aspects combine to make a incredibly powerful, economical, and popular product.
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With energy efficiency on everybody’s mind, there are many new appliances, gadgets, and breakthroughs to help you save energy around the home and in the office. Here are some of the top energy saving devices that you can use to ensure your day-to-day activities are energy efficient and environmentally friendly:
Modern LED and CFL bulbs are far more energy efficient than incandescent bulb designs. LED-based lights draw only 10 watts of power while on compared to the 50 watts of power required by standard incandescent light bulbs. LEDs also last up to 25 times as long, reducing waste as well as promoting energy efficiency in your home or office.
The Phillips HUE line of light bulbs is a particularly fun and efficient way to light any space and provides extra functionality: by using your smartphone you will be able to turn the lights on or off, adjust their brightness, and even change their color to create exactly the right ambiance for any mood.
Many people find that is it easy to lose track of time in the shower and end up wasting water. This is especially a problem for young children who are starting to bathe on their own. A handy shower alarm is a great way to curtail this habit and help children and adults alike develop environmentally conscious bathing habits. First, the shower alarm will assess your shower’s flow. Then you simply select how much water you would like to use for your shower and it will go off when that target has been reached. The Energy shower alarm is a great way of teaching children about water consumption and instilling good habits.
Programmable thermostats are a great way to conserve power in the home but they can require a fair bit of fiddling to get right. That’s why the Nest thermostat has been designed to learn what temperature you prefer to keep your home at specific times of day. Once adjusted to your habits, it will remember for you, adjusting the heat and cooling at various times during the day to ensure optimal climate control and energy efficiency.
Smart Power Bars
Smart power bars are made to prevent vampire power usage by appliances and electronics when they are not being used. They are created with one control outlet and one always-on outlet. The rest of the outlets on the bar are controlled by the power flow to the control outlet. When on, the other outlets can be used as normal. However, when the control outlet it turned off, none of the devices on the other outlets (except the always-on outlet) are able to use power. The Smart Strip SCG3 Energy Saving Power Strip with Auto Switching Technology is one such power bar that can be used to curtail unnecessary power usage.
These inexpensive and highly useful home and office solutions can add up to significant energy savings, greatly reducing your electricity bill.


There is always something new on the horizon and modern technology keeps unfolding and evolving. New technologies such as smart phones, genetic engineering, machine learning, automation, and emerging field of Nano technology and everything on-demand, make it difficult to remember what life was like only a few decades ago. The automobile, telephone, television and air travel accelerated for a while transforming the society but soon stabilized into a manageable rate of change. These technologies all have staying power and affect the economy to varying degrees.
When the Walkman was invented, people could carry their music or audiobooks with them wherever they went with it. The invention of the Discman or CD Walkman changed things up a bit as it was now possible to skip to a particular track and it offered a better sound quality. The MP3 player soon arrived to disrupt the music scene as it offered the chance to listen to several albums using a device that fits in your pocket.
Today, we literally have the world at our fingertips. It is now possible to listen to entire music selections, download new tracks on the move, watch music videos on YouTube or TV, look up any information about the artist on the internet, all at the click of a button via our smartphones, cameras, mobile devices, among many other small devices and applications.
The continual small size of these ‘magic wielding’ devices is not such a mystery to science. From as far back as 1936, Paul Eisler invented the first printed circuit board (PCB). These circuit boards are what make it possible for devices to become smaller yet more functional. He made a significant contribution to the modern electronics industry with this invention because without the printed circuit board, the development of the first Walkman would have been impossible. Since then, scientists and inventors have developed and keep developing more and more ways of improving the minute technology that has become a part of our daily lives.
Imagine someone slipped into a coma in the 1980’s and has just woken up. It would be very difficult trying to explain how to use a smartphone to this person. He or she may want you tested for insanity! When Guglielmo Marconi, the first person to use radio waves to communicate announced that he had created a means to transmit messages between people across thin air, many people were skeptical. He was soon hauled to a mental institution to be tested for insanity. He is only one example of a discovery that in its time was so unique and far-reaching that it was hard to integrate into the known reality.
The next time you use an electronic device, be sure to remember Eisler and his printed circuit board and all the other scientists and inventors that keep working to create these excellent inventions that make our lives better. Making predictions about the future of technology is somewhat an exercise in futility as modern technology keeps advancing. Surprises may come from a number of different fields and new innovations are continually on the rise.


Are you looking for the best automobile audio receivers with AM/FM? So, look no further since you’ve arrived at the correct place. You’ll thank us later for saving you time searching through thousands of articles online for the best product.
There is no cause to be concerned about the product to select among the numerous options available.
- B2 is a one-of-a-kind hard disc player that can hold your whole CD collection. Allowing you to rip CDs with a single click and find any music in seconds.
- B2 comes with a web interface, Internet Radio, and Bluetooth. Amplification of 15+15W.
- Made of solid aluminum, with a bright OLED display that can be seen from across the room.
- Compatible with Sonos – play through up to 32 Sonos speakers simultaneously.
- New iPhone and Android apps in 2022
- HIGH RESOLUTION 7 CHARACTER LCD – Your high definition 7-character LCD display gives a comfortable viewing experience while driving. maintains all of your favorite presets/apps close at hand and is incredibly responsive
- BUTTON SIRI / GOOGLE VOICE ASSIST – With the touch of a button, you may call your favorite assistant (Siri or Google) and audibly say your orders such as play music, podcasts, navigation, and so on.
- BUILT-INS BLUETOOTH – Your single DIN car audio receiver will simply pair with the overwhelming majority of Bluetooth devices, allowing you to make and receive calls. Keep your hands free and listen to your favorite music.
- MUSIC STREAMING – You now have several alternatives for listening to your favorite music, including a USB port that charges your device, an MP3/WMA player, and an AM/FM tuner with 30 station presets (18 FM/12 AM).
- CUSTOMIZABLE SELECTIONS – The ability to modify your car audio music settings makes it your own, so you have a two-band tone control (bass/treble) and four preset EQ curves to pick from (Pop Jazz Rock & Flat).
- DIMENSIONS – SINGLE DIN 1 YEAR WARRANTY – high quality and dependability with no hassle parts and labor and outstanding customer service
- Mach-free AM/FM tuner with RBDS data
- USB audio file compatibility for Flak/MP3/WMA
- Android AOA 2.0 compatible for iPod and iPhone
- Compatible with Pandora music on iPhone and Android phones.
- JVC KD-X260BT in-dash digital media player iPhone/Android/USB Bluetooth receiver
- In-dash receiver JVC KD-X260BT. Output power: Peak power: 50 watts x 4 channels RMS power: 22 watts x 4 channels The LCD screen. Text in Spanish is displayed. Display of MP3 ID3 tags via USB (title/artist/album). AM/FM tuner with presets for 18FM/6AM. Optional JVC rm-rk52 remote control offered separately. There is a JVC music play app available. The effect of music synchronization. Internet Authorized Dealer 1-Year Manufacturer’s
- Playback and audio features include: Playback of MP3/WMA/WAV/FLAC files over USB. Bluetooth control of Pandora/Spotify/iHeartRadio for Android smartphones. Graphic Equalizer with 13 Bands (10 Preset x 1 User). 3. 5mm Auxiliary Front Audio Input Front USB port 2 x 5V preamp outputs (rear/subwoofer selectable).
- Bluetooth characteristics include: Bluetooth version 3. 0+Edr Certified built-in Bluetooth technology for hands-free calling and music streaming Bluetooth profiles that are supported include:
- HFP: hands-free profile connects a hands-free automobile kit to a compatible mobile phone. Hsp: headset Profile allows a Bluetooth headset to connect to a phone that supports it. Pbap stands for phone book. The access profile enables the car stereo to display the name of the incoming caller as well as access the mobile phone’s Contact list straight from the car radio.
- A2DP: Advanced Audio Distribution Profile permits high-quality audio from an audio device to be streamed to a car stereo. AVRCP: Audio/Video Remote Control Profile: Bluetooth offers basic remote control operations (play, pause, etc.). Most Bluetooth-enabled cell phones are compatible. An external wired microphone is included for clear, easy, distortion-free communication. 32. 8 ft. is the maximum communication range (approx., line of sight)
BOSS Audio Systems
- The 616UAB has been upgraded to incorporate dimmable illumination for the buttons and LCD display, as well as updated Dancing LED lights and a Mute function.
- Bluetooth allows you to answer/make calls hands-free and without distractions. The built-in microphone captures your speech, and the car speakers allow you to hear the person on the other end. Wirelessly play and control your music and apps like Spotify/Pandora.
- Media Playback – Listen to music over Bluetooth or the USB connection. MP3 and WMA file formats are supported for digital media. Listen to AM/FM radio stations for current music, news, sports, and more.
- Auxiliary – Works with the audio output of cellphones and MP3 players.
- Inputs – The USB port allows you to have a large collection of audio files at your disposal. The auxiliary input is a simple way to connect to your MP3 player. A2DP, AVRCP, and HFP are advanced Bluetooth profiles that are supported.
- Outputs – Connect your speakers to the front and rear pre-amp outputs (Front Left/Front Right and Rear Left/Rear Right).
- Power – The 616UAB provides 50 watts x 4 Max power to your speakers. An amplifier is recommended to ensure that your speakers are adequately powered.
- Sony DSX-A410BT Bluetooth FM/AM USB AUX Stereo Receiver Earbuds and a Digital Media Player
- Connect your first phone wirelessly to play music, receive directions, and communicate with contacts. Add a second phone to make more hands-free calls while on the go.
- Dual Bluetooth allows you to connect two smartphones: For full access to navigation, audio playback, and communication features, pair your first phone with the DSX-A410BT.
- Control through communication: Take advantage of useful smartphone functions without taking your eyes off the road.
- Using easy spoken words, you can adjust music, get real-time directions, and chat with contacts.
- LZSIG home audio amplifier receiver is powered by four Toshiba big power tubes to achieve a 120W(L) channel+120W(R) 2.1 channel combo. The frequency response range is 20-15000Hz, and the signal-to-noise ratio can reach 82dB. A set of twin 6.5-inch to 10-inch floor-standing front passive speakers is recommended to boost and enjoy your home audio experience in the comfort of your own home.
- PHONOGRAPH UPGRADED VERSION – The sound amplification mixer device may perfectly complement the MM or MC type phonograph.
- Please push the rear switch button when using the MC type.
- Furthermore, this home audio receiver is compatible with a vinyl record player, an active subwoofer, a passive bookshelf speaker, a front speaker, a surround speaker, an outdoor speaker, smartphones, iPads, iPhones, and computers, and is widely used in home audio, bedrooms, conferences, karaoke, and bars, among other places.
- 2.1-CHANNEL DESIGN – In addition to the left and right stereo designs, the dual-pass multifunctional digital stereo amplifier receiver includes a low-frequency output channel that can be used with a variety of active subwoofers to form a 2.1-channel stereo system for professional amplified audio enjoyment.
- With FM Radio, Digital LCD Display, Microphone Input, Echo, RCA/3.5MM AUX,LED BLUETOOTH CONNECTION – Bluetooth connectivity allows you to remotely stream music, podcasts, and other content from other devices.
- The amplifier home audio stereo receiver includes an external high-frequency antenna to improve wireless connection stability, and the barrier-free distance can exceed 48 ft./15 m.
- KARAOKE AMPLIFIER AND HD SCREEN—- The amplifier home audio stereo receiver has a front panel audio control center and an LED display. Its built-in dual microphone amplifier easily drives wireless or wired dynamic microphones as well as 16-32 ohm headphones. You can enjoy the enjoyment of a more unique karaoke amplifier thanks to the built-in reverb ECHO sound effect.
- The car stereo can link to your cellphones via Bluetooth, making phone calls safer and more convenient. Clear audio is delivered using a Bluetooth device and a high-power amplifier. LED display with white backlight Rekindling your personal memories with a dual knob audio design and a metal textured panel.
- Multimedia Playback and a USB/SD/AUX Port
- To enjoy music more smoothly, set the EQ (Pop/Rock/Classic). Tune in to one of the 18 pre-programmed FM radio stations. Music formats MP3, WMA, and WAV are supported. The vehicle radio’s USB/SD/AUX connector provides you with a convenient audio library.
- Stay Hands-free & Wireless Remote Control Using a phone while driving is detrimental to your safety. Answer calls with a single button press. Calls can be made hands-free. There will be no need to hold your phone and no distractions. The car stereo radio player can also keep you safe. The automobile radio player’s wireless remote control allows you to operate everything.
- Break-point Memory Playing & Clock Function The car stereo has a robust break-point memory playback function, which prevents music from restarting every time the player is turned on. The stereo, by the way, features repeat/random/intro play functions. Furthermore, its clock function can make drivers check time more conveniently rather than putting themselves in danger by utilizing a cell phone. We also have an AUX-in function and a charging function. Make driving more convenient and your journey safer.
- Simple Installation Instructions We have a thorough DIY installation documentation available for download in the listing. Please follow our installation recommendations and instructions; it will be safer and more convenient. In addition, the item comes with a 12-month warranty. Please contact us if you have any more questions. We will solve your problem the first time.
- Power – The car stereo can provide 60 watts x 4 Max power to your speakers. An amplifier is recommended to ensure that your speakers are adequately powered.
- Bluetooth function enables you to answer/make calls hands-free and without distractions. The phone number of a Bluetooth incoming call will be shown on the Aigoss RS-CS28 vehicle stereo. The built-in microphone takes up your voice, allowing you to hear the person on the other end. Play and control your entire music collection from your Bluetooth devices.
- FM radio – Search for channels automatically or semi-automatically. Help the 6 FM station store (FM1-FM6). (Frequency range: 87.5-108MHz)
- Outputs – Connect your speakers to the front and rear pre-amp outputs (Front Left/Front Right and Rear Left/Rear Right).
- Music Equalizer – Customize how you want to hear your music with the Classic / Pop / Jazz / bass and treble controls and manage it all from inside or outside your vehicle with the wireless remote control.
- Media Playback – Listen to music over Bluetooth or the USB connection. MP3 and WMA file formats are supported for digital media. Listen to FM radio stations for current music, news, sports, and more.
- Inputs – SD Card Port (32GB Max) and USB Port (Support 32GB Max U Disk) allow you to access a huge library of audio files. The 3.5mm AUX input is a simple method to connect to your MP3 player. Audio output from cellphones and MP3 players are both supported.
- Warranty -Aigoss offers a robust 2-year platinum online dealer warranty when purchased through Amazon.com. We strongly recommend that this device be professionally installed to ensure correct and safe performance. If you have any questions, please visit our storefront and click “ask a question” or “Seller Support” to contact us.
- 180 WATT POWER: THE 2 channel Sunbuck Bluetooth stereo amplifier receiver has a P.M.P.O (Peak Music Power Output) of 180W/90W x 2 and is ideal for your karaoke and home theatre acoustic sound system. Let us stay at home and listen to high-quality amplified audio.
- 6 ENTRIES Optional with 2 Mics IN: The digital amp box supports USB/SD card/FM Radio/Bluetooth/2 1/4 inches microphone IN as well as numerous external sources RCA (R, L) audio input for tuner, CD player, tape deck, and so on. 2 Mics IN can provide a stronger shock and heavier feeling, making you feel as if you’re singing in a KTV. (No microphone included)
- USB 2.0/SD CARD INPUT: To accommodate flash drives or SD cards, the sound amplifying mixer equipment has a USB/SD card input. When connected directly to the amp, it allows you to play your favorite audio files from your computer’s media collection. SD and USB only support MP3, WAV, WMA, APE, and PLAC files.
- Previous, next, and play/pause are the EQ controls. Rotary knob controls for input, bass, treble, and master volume are included, as is a remote control for making remote audio adjustments. The remote only controls a subset of all functions, such as MP3 volume, and not the entire system. FM has only a basic function and cannot repair or save FM stations.
- 100% Satisfaction Guarantee-We give the best customer service and offer a 6-month warranty on our Wireless Bluetooth Stereo Audio Amplifiers. Please contact us if you have any questions.


There are two producers for tubular motors required for motorized movement of window shades. These are Somfy and Lutron. While Lutron offers both, the motor and the shade, Somfy provides only the motor that can be used with any window shade. Both the companies offer the needed controls like wall switches, remotes and interfaces that are needed for the operation of their respective motors.
In late 90’s, Lutron introduced its QED (Quiet Electronic Drive), and sold it with its own brand of shades (roller shades mostly). The product created a stir in the market, being almost noiseless and almost redefining the parameters of competition in this segment of industry. Prior to the introduction of noiseless motors by Lutron, the consumers never thought that noise level would ever influence their purchase of motorized shades. It’s only during the last few years that Somfy too started production of such motors with a slight difference of noise level on the higher side. The difference is negligible and for most of the customers it’s not a deciding factor.
Two versions of ‘quiet’ motors required for motorized operation of window shades are available from Somfy. There’s an AC powered version, ST50 and another recently introduced DC powered version ST30. Ac Motor works on high voltage whereas DC needs a low voltage for its operation. The power supply that comes to your home or office is AC and a motor working on AC can just be plugged in to your socket. Low voltage DC motors can also be plugged into any socket, but you necessarily have to use the original cord provided with the motor because that houses a transformer for bringing down the voltage and converting it to DC voltage. The cord is like your computer cord or cell phone cord that come with a built-in arrangement for power conversion. The advantage of low DC power is that it involves no issues of building codes and you don’t need the services of an electrician for wiring of low voltage powered motorized window shades. So, the absence of an electrician brings down the cost and the complexities of wiring.
The QED comes in three different capacities. These are the QED64, QED100 and QED225. The numbers at the end represent the area in square feet of fabric that the motor is designed to lift up. It means that the QED64 can carry up a shade of 8X8 feet; the QED 100 would lift a shade of up to 10X10 feet, whereas QED 225 is made to lift a shade of about 15X15 feet, though such sized shades are rarely used in residential buildings. It is experienced that the motors are generally able to carry more weight than is indicated by the numbers. The capacity of the motor has a direct bearing on its diameter that determines the diameter of the tube that the motor moves. Tube diameter in turn decided the width of the shades that can be lifted without getting them bent in the process. It is understandable that if the tube bends, it will not be able to lift the shades uniformly and causes the fabric to sag and thus develop creases. So, the motor size not only decides its lifting capacity but also the width of the fabric that has to be moved. Here are the sizes for Lutron motors: QED64 has a 1 5/8″ tube, the 100 uses a 2 ½” tube and the larger 225 comes with a 3 1/2″ tube.
Somfy’s quiet motors, called the Sonnesse line, also use different tube sizes. The ST30 has a 1 1/2″ tube; the ST50 may have a 2″ or 2 1/2″ tube. The lifting capacity of the ST50 can vary from 100 and 225. For very large applications Somfy offers larger motors, but so far they have not been included in the Sonnesse (quiet) product line. For interior applications, a motor larger than an ST50 is rarely needed, and that holds good even if the same motor drives multiple shades.
Both, the QED and Sonnesse motors have proven to be reliable. Both come with a warranty of 5 years.


Registration will open the first week of January. Mark your calendar for March 11, 2016!
Come interact with different companies that have technology at their core and see if it’s right for you! Many companies will be there with fun interactive products to play with. You’ll also have the chance to win neat prizes in the afternoon!
SheTech Explorer Day is a conference for high school girls 9th through 12th grade. This day-long event will include hands-on workshops in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Our ultimate goal is to expose girls to technology in a fun atmosphere as well as meet STEM role models to learn more about opportunities in those fields.


DIVE Communications is a video communications platform consisting of an iOS and Android app as well as a SaaS based web platform. The Web-platform enables the collection of first-person mobile video content from the mobile apps as well as a video editor to create custom social video content. The apps allow for enterprises to run video collection camapigns within the apps and allows the users to communicate socially with their friends on video. The system captures the spirit of the Patent Pending ‘instant-response’ technology.
Launching December 2017, Apexacore has been commissioned to build a virtual reality demo video. A co-production between technology and entertainment, this project will be our first foray in to the VR market.
We are excited about the market potential and possibilities for creative expression using this technology and look forward to discussing how we can help shape your ideas in this space.


Technology – a term that is mingled with us. People can’t do anything without technology. Every year there are some changes in technology as well as other related things. The developments in technology are enhancing at rapid speed and you must know that we are on the verge of 4th Industrial Revolution. The year 2018 is known as the Year of Transition because we have not completely entered the Revolution. Thus, you must know about the top 4 tech trends that will rule this year. These trends will transform the way companies work and we live.
Artificial Intelligence will not need human data anymore
In the previous year, people have already seen the beginning of AI. This year, people are expected to see much more improvement in Artificial Intelligence. As the AI arms race is increasing, a number of organizations as well as the governments are spending money so as to make the AI smarter than before. The amalgamation of an Artificial Intelligence arms race and improvements where the AI can be trained with no human data will most probably be a huge step this year.
Blockchain Will Become more mature
This year, a lot of companies as well as consumers will make use of the Blockchain applications in reality without knowing that they are using this technology. In other words, it can be said the people use Facebook or Amazon on regular basis but do they know how these work? Of course not! Similarly the impact of the Blockchain technology on different companies is important.


Robi Axiata Limited has introduced Robi-servicebots, intelligent humanoids or service robots powered by a robust cloud-based artificial intelligence platform today. The servicebots were unveiled at a ceremony held at the Experience Centre of Robi Corporate Office.
Robi’s Managing Director and CEO, Mahtab Uddin Ahmed, Chief Corporate and People Officer, Matiul Islam Nowshad, Chief Digital Services Officer, Shihab Ahmad and Head of Information Technology, Asif Naimur Rashid were present on the occasion. Mr. Asif explained and demonstrated the service features of the Robi-servicebots at the event.
At Robi-servicebot’s core is an innovative tri-polar private cloud architecture that delivers smart, personalized service in any environment, while being capable of engaging with users over natural interactions.
The Private Cloud System allows for advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) calculations along with user management, communications support, remote hardware control, data storage and more. Based on Robi’s innovative “Robotics-as-a-Service” model, the Robi-servicebots are designed for deployment at Robi’s designated sales and service centers that need to deliver high-quality services to customers and users without the need for human interactions. These humanoids are perfectly suited and capable of ushering in a new era of service excellence for the technology service providers, fintech, retail, healthcare, hospitality and other services sectors.
The Private Cloud System, which is downloadable on the App Store and Google Play, allows users to take direct control of Robi-servicebots using their personal mobile devices, guiding the robots using manual controls or using Robi-servicebots’ built-in audio-visual features and HD cameras. The Robi-servicebots’ operating system supports data encryption and advanced access control for robust information security protection. Robi has worked closely with a high-tech research institution for the facilitation of the cloud-powered AI platform that makes the robi-servicebots an enigmatic reality.
Supported by these humanoids’ open API framework, Robi’s own IT development wing will create and deploy apps that will open up Robi-servicebots’ capabilities across a wide range of applications. These developers will have access to Robi-servicebots’ sophisticated AI system and will be able to take advantage of these robots’ advanced capabilities including face detection, semantic comprehension, 3D image sensing, and gesture interaction. This level of control and expandability enables Robi-servicebots to generate value to a wider range of service offerings.
Robi-servicebots can also act as “always-on” marketers to help drive sales and offer a unique way to share information on sales and promotions- increasing customer engagement and loyalty.
Not just the customers, the Robi-servicebots will also be a boon to existing Robi employees by being an always-available team member that can help facilitate communications and serve as a friendly, reliable companion. In that respect, Robi-servicebots are designed to be an excellent addition to selected workforce within Robi by delivering efficiency and allowing time savings in a way that complements human workers.
Robi’s Managing Director and CEO Mahtab Uddin Ahmed said: “The introduction of Artificial Intelligence powered Robi-servicebots clearly shows that Robi is leading the transformation journey towards becoming a truly digital company in the industry. As a customer-centric company, we are very happy to have Robi-servicebots strengthening our capacity to serve our customers better. We believe that this technology will also help the entire service sector to reinvent itself to serve the citizens of Digital Bangladesh in the near future.”
Commenting on the introduction of Robi-servicebots in Bangladesh, Robi’s Head of Information Technology, Asif Naimur Rashid said that: “Humanoids are working side by side with humans in tech-advanced countries of the world, so why not in Bangladesh? Our Robi-servicebots have the potential to reshape how service industries operate in Bangladesh. We’re very excited to be at the forefront of this artificial intelligence revolution in the country. Robi-servicebots are the culmination of years of research into artificial intelligence, machine learning and video and machine vision recognition. We truly believe that mankind and intelligent machines have a long and exciting journey ahead, we just need to act right on this.”
Dhaka, 21 January 2018


Digital Thermometer TPM-10
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* Large easy to read Liquid Crystal Display
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* Temperature>70°C, LCD show H°C; Temperature<-50°C, LCD show L°C
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* Display range: - 50.0°C ~ +70°C
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* Resolution: 0.1 °C


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Cloud infrastructure for the Internet of Things: Kubernetes on solar plants
Published in December 2018
Demand for renewable energy has been growing steadily in the last decade, with solar power outstripping the growth in all other renewable forms of power generation.
Solar panels are getting cheaper, and are becoming an economically viable source of renewable energy in many parts of the world.
In addition to businesses and governments, individuals are increasingly finding that installing solar power arrays is viable at a lower scale.
Capturing the optimal amount of energy from a solar panel is, however, a tricky business.
In order for solar panels to operate efficiently, they need to be kept clean and pointed at an optimal angle to the sun that balances power generation and prevents overheating.
So how do you keep everything under control and get notified when something isn't right and requires your attention?
Software is eating the world
One solution is to capitalise on small embedded devices that
- measure the performance and efficiency of the cells
- monitor the environment
- drive the actuators to track the sun during the day
The embedded computer collects data and sends them to a central location where is then aggregated, processed and stored.
If the solar panel is dropping in efficiency, an operator can be alerted to take action.
In larger plants, the solar arrays' data are passed through a wired network, but it's not uncommon to see those embedded computers connecting wirelessly.
Imagine controlling your solar panels over 5G: the beauty of not having to deal with extra cables and the horror of long responses, dropped connections and timeouts.
In a setup like that, deploying and managing applications becomes a real challenge.
Designing the internet of things at scale
If you're managing hundreds or thousands of devices, it's not practical to attend every device in person in order to install software and firmware updates.
You should design a system that can be updated remotely.
Ideally, you should design a mechanism to package software that has almost zero overhead without sacrificing portability.
Something small and efficient.
Something that will last for years to come and transmit data securely to prevent malicious actors from damaging your infrastructure.
Communication should be encrypted everywhere.
Designing a secure cluster is no small feat, particularly at a solar installation that can span a wide area, making it hard to protect the perimeter from trespassers who could gain physical access to your devices to extract secrets.
How do you protect against that?
Even if you have security sorted and rolled out a strategy to take care of software and firmware updates, you have still a long way to go.
You still have to create a service to aggregate and process the data, design a dashboard for visualisations, set up alerts and monitoring and a control plane to drive coordinated changes.
What initially seems like a fun weekend project becomes a major effort in distributed systems engineering.
Companies exist that specialise in designing and installing software for solar plants. Should you surrender and buy prepackaged software?
So how can you compete with an established business with years of experience?
By playing smart.
Scaling clusters with cloud infrastructure
Building an internet of things at scale, such as at the scale of a solar plant, shares plenty of commonalities with building cloud infrastructure.
Elastic Container Service (ECS), a product from Amazon Web Services, can deploy applications across several servers.
It's designed so that you install an agent on the worker computer, which communicates with a master node that is in charge of scheduling workloads.
You tell ECS what to deploy and the software on the master node instructs one of the agents to download and run it.
That sounds a lot like what you want to do with your solar panels.
You want to have an agent installed on each embedded computer, and you want to manage applications from a central location.
But ECS is Amazon only, and you can't take advantage of it on your hardware.
What you need is an open source version of ECS.
Kubernetes — the container orchestrator
Kubernetes is similar to ECS: you install an agent called the kubelet on your devices, which communicates with a Kubernetes master, forming a cluster.
From that moment onwards your devices are acting as one, and you can schedule deployments and manage applications.
This time, however, you're not locked in.
Kubernetes is a major open source effort which you're free to download, customise and contribute to.
Is it secure?
Communication between the kubelet and the master node is secured using TLS.
Each node can be provisioned with its own certificate, so even if one node is compromised, you can reject only a single certificate while keeping the rest of the cluster available.
And even better, the community has a wealth of shared resources regarding good practices on how to secure your cluster, gleaned from thousands of real-world Kubernetes deployments.
Now, if only it had a way to roll-out updates…
Kubernetes doesn't know how to deploy applications written in C, Java or Node.js.
In fact, it doesn't know how to deploy applications at all.
That's not useful, is it?
Kubernetes is only able to deploy Linux containers — that's why it's also called a 'container orchestrator'.
Containers are essentially archives — similar to zip files.
To run the container you unpack the archive and run the application as a process on the host.
You probably don't want processes to interfere with one another, so Linux containers have a nice feature where each process is isolated from the others.
So instead of developing your mechanism to distribute applications, you can:
- Ask Kubernetes to schedule a deployment
- Wait for the agent on each node (the kubelet) to pick up the task
- Let the kubelet download the archive and run it as an isolated process.
Containers are also designed to be efficient.
When you update your package and wish to redistribute it, you can only ship the difference between the previous and the current container.
When the delta is received, the new package is recomputed from the diff, unzipped and run as a separate process.
Linux containers and Kubernetes are an excellent platform to run applications on your internet of things.
In fact, installing Kubernetes in your solar plant lets you benefit from:
- a centralised scheduler to issue deployments
- secure and encrypted updates delivered as containers
- a proven technology able to scale to thousands of devices
So what happens when a solar panel breaks?
Resilience and failover in Kubernetes
Kubernetes continually watches your infrastructure for failing processes and agents.
When a device fails, Kubernetes will reschedule all of the applications deployed on that computer to another.
If one of the application fails, perhaps because of a memory leak, Kubernetes will restart the app a predetermined number of times.
Kubernetes is designed with the understanding that nodes cannot be expected to continue working forever, so has a design that is self-healing; it is always observing the current state of the infrastructure and takes action whenever it detects that this doesn't match the desired state of the infrastructure.
Where it finds a discrepancy, for example, if there isn't enough capacity to run all of your apps, it will ask the cloud provider to provision more compute resources.
Kubernetes is excellent for deploying containers in a way that maximises the efficiency of your infrastructure.
When you deploy three instances of an application, those are scheduled to maximise efficiency.
There's no guarantee that three instances of your applications will end up on five different devices.
They could all be deployed on the same node, or they could be deployed across two nodes, depending on the physical resources available.
Particularly in the embedded world where resources are scarce, you don't want deployments to be placed just anywhere.
You want to have a strict set of rules for deployments.
As an example, each solar panel should have only one app running at any given time.
In the case of an application responsible for tilting the solar panels to track the trajectory of the sun, you don't want to have two applications deployed on the same node that are trying to drive the same motor.
Advanced deployments in Kubernetes
Kubernetes can use several strategies to allocate containers to your nodes.
The most straightforward strategy is a Deployment.
In a Deployment, you specify the number of instances of your application and Kubernetes will find the space to allocate them.
This is the most common deployment type, but while it's useful for cloud deployments where you don't care which specific node is running our application (you just care that it's being run by something), this is less useful in the embedded world.
Each of them comes with different trade-offs, but doesn't serve our goal of having our application run on every available node.
For this you need a DaemonSet, a strategy that deploys one application per node.
If you add a new IoT-connected solar panel to the cluster, Kubernetes will automatically schedule and deploy the application on that embedded device (node) too.
So far so good.
- packaged applications as Linux containers
- a centralised way to distribute software securely and incrementally
- strategies to deploy applications across all devices (to prioritise hardware access), or across as few as possible (to maximise efficiency)
- a reliable platform that self-heals when there are failures
Considering that you started from nothing, you're now in a pretty good place.
Now you that you know what Kubernetes is capable of and how it can scale your internet of things, what's next?
Running Kubernetes in cars
In June 2018 Redmonk wrote an article suggesting that Toyota runs Kubernetes in their cars.
You can imagine each small component in your car such as the dashboard, the radio functions or the side lights having their computer with a Kubernetes agent installed.
The components are connected and can communicate using the internal network.
The kubernetes master is in charge of making sure that the services are always up and running, as well as scheduling deployments.
Need to replace the dashboard?
Just replace the component and Kubernetes will schedule the software to run on the embedded computer.
Adding a GPS?
Join the device to the cluster and start streaming the data.
In the beginning, it might sound odd.
But if you think about it, it makes sense.
You have to connect those components and orchestrate them.
You can't have the front lights disconnected from the dashboard.
But it turned out that it wasn't right.
Toyota didn't run Kubernetes in their cars, but they used Kubernetes as part of their backend services.
Once you connect the car to one of their diagnostic tools, the data is extracted from the vehicle and ingested into a Kubernetes cluster that's designed to run in the cloud.
A few days after the article's publication, Redmonk amended the article to clarify this.
Even if the story was untrue and was just a result of a misunderstanding, it still makes you think.
What if you could run Kubernetes in a car?
And what's stopping you from using Kubernetes in a solar plant?
Or in any other internet of things device?
You could solve some of the hard challenges such as securing communications, delivering incremental updates and centrally controlling your fleet.
You could have the best time to market for your internet of things.
Hundreds of days of development saved because you can reuse a proven tool.
While Kubernetes was initially designed to run in data centres, its applications go well beyond the cloud, and it won't take long before the news come out of kubernetes used in another internet of things setup.
And I can't wait to hear what you're going to build next with it.
That's all folks!
That's all folks!
If you enjoyed this article, you might find the following articles interesting:
- What is Kubernetes? Optimise your hosting costs and efficiency and learn how Kubernetes works and why it was invented in the first place.
- Kubernetes Chaos Engineering: Lessons Learned — Part 1 what happens when things go wrong in Kubernetes? Can Kubernetes recover from failure and self-heal?
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SCI has released the first module of a new software package that can be used to analyse steel structures subjected to dynamic loading (e.g. caused by an explosion). The first module is concerned with structural members and is based on single degree of freedom analysis with generalised boundary conditions as shown in Figure 1. Nonlinear material behaviour, catenary effects and strain rate effects can be accounted for in the analysis. A range of static and dynamic load combinations can be modelled. In the case of dynamic (explosion) loads, these can be specified as a generalised pressure-time history. The single degree of freedom model was compared against the nonlinear finite element analysis program Abaqus. The comparisons showed that the SDOF model achieves very good accuracy.
A second software module is due to be released in October. It will provide the capability to perform whole building analysis of steel framed buildings (Figure 2) against external blast load. The software will allow irregular floor grids as well as the removal of one or multiple columns at any level in the building. Both moment connections and bracing systems can be modelled to provide lateral resistance to the building. The blast load acting on the building façade can vary both spatially and temporally.
The software can be accessed at: http://www.blastresponse.com
For further details, contact: Ibrahim Fahdah I.Fahdah@steel-sci.com.


Nanotechnology is the construction or use of functional structures designed at the molecular and atomic scales, at least one dimension of which can be measured in nanometers. The important point here is that the structures in question are synthetic, that is, they were built by human hands. Atomic and molecular structures found in nature do not fall under this definition. It’s hard to imagine how small nanotechnology is. One nanometer is equal to one billionth of a metre. The average thickness of a human hair is fifty thousand, and the thickness of a paper is one hundred thousand nanometers. Application Areas and Benefits of Nanotechnology
Mihail C. Roco, founder of the American National Nanotechnology Initiative, classifies the development of nanotechnology in four generations:
- First Generation: Passive Nanostructures, materials designed to perform only one task.
- Second Generation: Active Nanostructures, “Multi-task” substances that can perform multiple tasks.
- Third Generation: Nanosystems, systems consisting of thousands of different substances working in communication with each other.
- Fourth Generation: Unified nanosystems, nested nanosystems that can perform very complex tasks.
Humanity, on the other hand, uses second generation nanostructures for now with its technology. But even at this level, nanotechnology has revolutionized many different industries and technologies. Advances in information technologies, medicine, environmental sciences and security are examples of this.
Advances in Electronics and IT
Nanotechnology has contributed to major advances in computer and electronic technologies by enabling the development of systems that are faster, smaller, portable and capable of storing more data.
- Transistors, the simple switches that make all modern computers work, are getting smaller and smaller thanks to nanotechnology. While the size of a transistor was between 130 and 250 nanometers at the beginning of this century, Intel developed a 14 nanometer transistor in 2014. IBM created the first 7 nanometer transistor in 2015, and Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory introduced a 1 nanometer transistor to the world in 2016. Smaller and faster transistors may soon enable all of a computer’s memory to be housed in a single tiny chip.
- Electronic items that can be stretched, bent and folded are gradually entering our lives. Developments such as flexible phones, foldable electronic papers, and photovoltaic (technology that converts light into electrical energy) that can be sewn into clothes increase our quality of life.
- The very high-definition displays and televisions currently on the market use only a few nanometers of quantum dots (QD) to produce much more vivid colors and consume less energy.
Advances in Medicine and Health Services
Nanotechnology extends and improves the medical tools, knowledge and methods we currently have. Nanomedicine offers definitive results for the application of nanotechnology to the medical field, preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases.
- Gold nanoparticles are being clinically investigated as potential cancer treatments.
- Better imaging and diagnostic tools created by nanotechnology are paving the way for earlier diagnosis of diseases and the use of personalized treatment
- Nanotechnology researchers are trying to develop nanoparticles that will prevent damage to healthy tissue by delivering the necessary drug directly to the cancerous cell. This will change our approach to cancer treatment and eliminate the risks of chemotherapy.
- Research on the use of nanotechnology in the field of regenerative medicine (restorative medicine) has spread too many different application areas such as bone and nerve tissue engineering. Researchers are working on the production of complex tissues with the aim of producing organs that will one day be used for organ transplants.
- Nanomedicine researchers are trying to develop vaccines through nanotechnology. Needle-free vaccine systems and universal flu vaccine are among the projects.
Developments in the Field of Energy
Nanotechnology is used in the development of alternative energy sources to meet the increasing energy needs of the world, as well as in the use of traditional energy sources. Many scientists are working to develop clean, cheap and renewable energy sources, to reduce energy consumption and to reduce the damage of energy production on the natural environment.
- Nanotechnology increases the efficiency of producing gasoline from crude oil. It also reduced gasoline consumption in automobiles and power plants, with more efficient combustion and lower friction.
- Research is being carried out to produce electrical wires with much lower resistance thanks to carbon nanotubes. In this way, the power lost during the transfer on the power lines will be reduced.
- Thanks to nanotechnology, the efficiency of solar panels will be increased and their prices will be reduced. The new panels will be paper-thin. In fact, recent studies show that solar panels can be used as “paint”.
- Nanotechnology is used to produce batteries that hold more energy, are lighter, charge faster and stay charged longer.
- By using materials produced with nanotechnology, the arms of windmills are made longer, stronger and lighter, thus increasing the electricity produced.
- The efficient lighting systems produced aim to reduce energy consumption worldwide.
Nanotechnology can increase efficiency in energy production as well as help us detect and clean up environmental waste.
- Nanotechnology will ensure that the pollution in the water is detected and cleaned at low cost, and will enable the need for clean and cheap drinking water to be met.
- Nanoparticles have been developed that render industrial pollutants in groundwater harmless by chemical reactions. This process is much cheaper than pumping the water out for cleaning.
- Researchers have produced nano-fabric “paper towels” knitted with small wires from potassium manganese oxide. These towels have the capacity to absorb twenty times their own weight in oil.
- Air filters used in aircraft cabins are filters that perform “mechanical filtration” produced with nanotechnology. The fiber materials inside the filters have nano-scale pores and do not allow the passage of larger particles. In addition, the charcoal layers of the filters prevent the passage of odor.
- Sensors and solutions made with nanotechnology identify chemical or biological agents in soil and air much faster and with greater precision than before. A sensor developed by NASA allows firefighters to measure the air quality around fires via a smartphone extension.
- Engineers have made possible energy-efficient desalination (desalination) with thin-film membranes with nanopores they have developed. This membrane, called molibendum disulfide (MoS2), filters two to five times more water than normal filters.
Developments in the Field of Transportation
Nanotechnology promises to produce multifunctional materials for making lighter, safer, smarter and more efficient vehicles. In addition, the development of transport infrastructure has also been the subject of research.
- Nano-engineered aluminum, steel, asphalt, concrete and other cementitious materials and their recycled forms hold promise for extending the life, performance and durability of highways and other transportation infrastructure components. In the future, self-repairing and energy transfer paths will be possible.
- Very light and very strong materials produced with nanotechnology can be used in the production of all vehicles, thus increasing the efficiency of vehicles. According to calculations, a twenty percent reduction in the weight of a commercial aircraft will reduce fuel consumption by fifteen percent.
As you can see, Nanotechnology has made great strides in its short journey spanning several dozen years. This technology, which is used in many scientific disciplines and different industries, will continue to progress by accelerating in the future.


I’ve been thinking about this for a while. I have never built a robot. I’m an EE, I know about motor control, I have made or controlled parts that robots use, but I have never in my life built a robot. I am about to turn 30 and I have not built a robot, and robots are awesome, hence, I am not awesome, but I am sort of awesome, so I must build a robot to assert my awesomeness.
My commitment to you, my readers, is that I will build a robot, I will post pictures, and it will be awesome.
Now, off to find robot parts!
BTW, here’s a robot that’s already been built for you, really awesome Freescale awesomeness:


Electric car charging stations supply electric power to recharge the batteries of related electrical automobiles. Embedded systems are utilized in charging stations to offer computing power for graphics shows, mechanically spotlight technical issues, and alert technicians about upcoming upkeep necessities, amongst other functions. Automated fare collection solutions allow public transportation passengers to pay their fares through automated machines or even online with out interacting with one other human being. The computerized transit fare collection ecosystem consists of ticketing machines, magnetic stripe cards and sensible playing cards for normal vacationers, ticket and card checking machines, and computerized gate machines. All these components embrace embedded techniques to enable them to speak with one another and thus maintain the mechanism operational.
Figure 1-2, a determine from the ARTEMIS SRA , shows one view of the embedded methods space organized by research domains and application contexts. In Figure 1-2, horizontal bars represent technological areas concerned in embedded methods development and vertical bars point out software contexts where embedded systems are used and are anticipated to penetrate applications sooner or later. Clearly, the organization and semantics of application contexts change as time progresses and new functions and services are developed. One can organize the vertical bars with completely different standards, corresponding to, for instance, the industrial sectors involved within the development of embedded methods. The significance of embedded techniques is constantly increasing considering the breadth of utility fields the place they’re used. For a very lengthy time, embedded techniques have been utilized in many crucial utility domains, corresponding to avionics and site visitors management systems.
There are many things with embedded systems included within the Internet of Things (IoT), as properly as in machine to machine (M2M) units. Exceptionally versatile and adaptable, embedded techniques may be present in all good units today. It is difficult to discover a single portion of recent life that doesn’t contain this technology.
Tools And Applied Sciences Of Embedded System :
For example, although you can actually move a washing machine, microwave oven, or dishwasher, you probably don’t consider any of these small or moveable as you’d a cellphone, laptop, calculator, or other cell embedded system. Reliability (embedded techniques must work with out failure for days, months, and years). (A) Build process for a desktop system and (B) construct process for an embedded system. Share your thoughts on FacebookOpens a new window , XOpens a new window , or LinkedInOpens a new window !
- Embedded systems are used in charging stations to supply computing energy for graphics displays, automatically spotlight technical issues, and alert technicians about upcoming upkeep necessities, among other functions.
- Often, embedded techniques are utilized in real-time operating environments and use a real-time operating system (RTOS) to speak with the hardware.
- We’ll discuss about the fundamentals of embedded systems, how they’re categorized, how they work, how they evaluate to servers and workstations, and why you should think about a Trenton embedded pc on your next mission-critical deployment.
- Both can be used, however microprocessors sometimes require extra assist circuitry than microcontrollers as a outcome of there is much less integrated into the microprocessor.
At Digi, we’ve taken embedded systems and development tools to the subsequent degree. Our embedded methods are complete options for wireless utility improvement, with developer tools and built-in safety. Learn more about our embedded techniques solutions and get in touch with us to start out a conversation. Incorporating next-generation Intel CPUs and the COM Express Type 7 structure, TAC mission computer systems are quick, powerful, highly integrated machines, excellent for resource-intensive purposes in space-constrained environments. They’re additionally TAA-compliant and designed to meet IP67, MIL-STD-810, MIL-DTL-901, MIL-STD-704, MIL-STD-461, MIL-STD-464, DO-160, and others.
Typical automated jobs require robots to be fitted with sensors, actuators, and software that enable them to ‘perceive’ the surroundings and derive the required output effectively and safely. Robots are outfitted with embedded methods that hyperlink them to varied subsystems to achieve this goal. The global positioning system (GPS) makes use of satellites and receivers to synchronize location, velocity, and time data to supply a navigation system the world can use.
Broadly speaking, embedded methods have received more attention to testing and debugging as a end result of a nice number of units using embedded controls are designed for use, particularly in situations the place safety and reliability are high priorities. In many situations, nevertheless, programmers want tools that connect a separate debugging system to the target system by way of a serial or other port. In this scenario, the programmer can see the supply code on the display screen of a general-purpose pc, simply as can be the case within the debugging of software on a desktop computer. A separate, regularly used approach is to run software on a PC that emulates the bodily chip in software program. This is basically making it potential to debug the efficiency of the software as if it were running on an precise physical chip.
And if you’re prepared to discuss the specifics of your next embedded deployment, our group of experienced embedded techniques engineers is able to hear from you. In distinction, an embedded system is normally sealed, fanless, and ventless, counting on heat sinks for warmth dissipation. The system may be additional ruggedized to withstand shock, vibration, rain, and other circumstances. Hence, embedded systems are not fundamentally different from normal rack-mount servers and workstations. For extra info on the variations between small-scale, medium-scale, and complex embedded methods, try the assets part at the finish of this weblog submit. In a nutshell, processing velocity improves as the variety of microcontroller bits increase.
Embedded methods are small computer systems integrated into numerous larger techniques and execute particular duties such as graphics and information processing. They are extensively used within the trendy world and significantly influence how we entertain ourselves, commute, run business operations, and carry out various other day-to-day actions. Plant automation robots must depend on exterior computing and control methods with out these embedded techniques. This can lead to elevated safety risks as a result of delays in human response or connection failure.
The Process Of Creating An Embedded System
At the project’s inception, the Apollo guidance laptop was thought of the riskiest merchandise in the Apollo project because it employed the then newly developed monolithic built-in circuits to cut back the pc’s dimension and weight. Some programming languages run on microcontrollers with sufficient effectivity that rudimentary interactive debugging is out there immediately on the chip. Additionally, processors typically have CPU debuggers that can be controlled — and, thus, control program execution — through a JTAG or related debugging port. An meeting language computer command is translated into a sample of bits that the pc processor makes use of to hold out its elementary capabilities by an assembler, an embedded system software. By converting a set of mnemonics for each low-level machine action from assembly language directions, the assembler generates an object code.
As the complexity of embedded systems grows, higher-level instruments and working systems are migrating into machinery the place it is sensible. For example, cellphones, private digital assistants and different client computers typically need significant software program that’s bought or offered by an individual https://www.globalcloudteam.com/ other than the manufacturer of the electronics. In these methods, an open programming setting corresponding to Linux, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OSGi or Embedded Java is required so that the third-party software program provider can sell to a large market. Embedded techniques are used for safety-critical methods in aerospace and defense industries.
High-voltage Resistors For Ev Powertrains
RTOS tracing permits developers to understand timing and performance issues of the software system and offers a great understanding of the high-level system behaviors. Trace recording in embedded techniques can be achieved using hardware or software program solutions. Consumer electronics embrace MP3 players, tv sets, cell phones, online game consoles, digital cameras, GPS receivers, and printers.
Now you realize the advantages and disadvantages of embedded methods, so let’s talk about whether they’re suitable in your program or software. Mobile embedded methods refer specifically to small, moveable embedded gadgets, similar to cellphones, laptops, and calculators. Network, or networked, embedded systems rely on wired or wireless networks and communication with web servers for output era. Real-time embedded systems are further divided into delicate real-time embedded techniques and hard real-time embedded systems to account for the importance of output technology pace. It’s why we continue to see boundary-pushing dimension, weight, power, and value (SWaP-C) developments inside the world of embedded systems.
Their broad use illustrates the significance of embedded methods, especially when contemplating the potential effects of their failure. To construct such methods, we must use networks to connect processors, memory, and gadgets. We must then program the system to benefit from the parallelism inherent in multiprocessing and to account for the communication delays incurred by networks. This chapter introduces some basic ideas in parallel and distributed embedded computing methods. Section 10.4 considers shared memory multiprocessors and multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs).
Notably, there’s some overlap between what constitutes a mobile embedded system and a standalone embedded system. Now let’s transfer on to the embedded methods that can stand on their very own, i.e., perform and not using a host. Now that we all know the definition of embedded methods, let’s discuss the different sorts.
Embedded Software Architectures
Automobiles, electrical autos, and hybrid vehicles increasingly use embedded systems to maximise efficiency and cut back air pollution. Other automotive security systems using embedded methods embody anti-lock braking system (ABS), digital stability management (ESC/ESP), traction control (TCS) and automatic four-wheel drive. The significance of embedded techniques is so much that the world with out them would look significantly totally different than it does at present. Thanks to the continual tech advancements, they’ll become extra crucial for each system in the foreseeable future. Understanding why we use embedded techniques and a plethora of examples where they’re put in will make you better outfitted to understand the tech world round you and leverage the benefits of this exciting expertise.
An embedded system is a mix of computer hardware and software, and typically mechanical components as well. Figure 1.1 provides a bird’s-eye view of a generic embedded system architecture, the place the microprocessor and the memory blocks are the heart and the brain, respectively. Embedded software is often stored in nonvolatile memory gadgets such as read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), and flash reminiscence.
If the embedded gadget has audio and video capabilities, then the appropriate drivers and codecs might be present within the system. In the case of the monolithic kernels, many of these software program layers may be included within the kernel. In the RTOS category, the supply of further software program components relies upon upon the industrial providing. Unless restricted to external debugging, the programmer can usually load and run software program through the instruments, view the code operating within the processor, and begin or cease its operation. The view of the code could also be as high-level programming language, meeting code or mixture of both. However, most ready-made embedded methods boards are not PC-centered and do not use the ISA or PCI busses.


Resonance Imaging relies upon the excitation and detection of resonances at radio
frequencies of atomic nuclei within the cells of the human body. For optimum image
quality this is performed in a very strong magnetic field which must be maintained
to a very stable value -throughout the scanning period. Any object with carrying
an electric current create magnetic fields. Depending on the source of the field,
a magnetic field’s strength and direction can be static (direct current, DC) or
alternating (alternating current, AC).
DC magnetic fields are produced by the:
• Earth total magnetic field as a background DC field
• DC current flow in moving metals, vehicles, subways, trains, and elevators
• Powerful magnets associated with MRI and NMR units
• Structural and reinforcing steel which may have been magnetized by presence of
permanent magnets inside the building or exposed to strong DC currents during the
construction, such as by grounding the welding equipment to structural steel during
AC magnetic fields, commonly occuring at
extremely low frequency (ELF) or power frequency (60 HZ) are contributed to the
• Elevated AC magnetic fields are present near electrical equipment rooms,
utility station and transformer vaults, distribution bus and wire ducts.
• Transmission and distribution lines passing near the exterior of a building
• Wiring errors such as improper ground to neutral connections, in a building’s
AC power system, can cause substantial ELF magnetic field conditions to exist in
large areas of the building.
Vibetech Consultants provide Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) testing using state-of-the-art
instrumentation and techniques. EMI test results are used to determine whether EMI
levels are acceptable
for installation of different types of MRI systems.
Vibetech Consultants staff has successfully completed more than 100 EMI testing
projects in the United States.


As more and more car manufacturers begin to adopt carbon fibre in their vehicles, we are starting to see the potential for even more innovative uses of this material in the automotive industry. In this post, we will explore some of the potential future uses of carbon fibre in the automotive industry.
One of the most exciting potential future uses of carbon fibre in the automotive industry is in the production of electric vehicles. Carbon fibre is an ideal material for use in electric vehicles due to its strength, lightweight nature, and durability. This makes it possible to produce electric vehicles that are both strong and lightweight, which is essential for improving their performance and range.
In addition to its use in electric vehicles, carbon fibre is also likely to play a role in the development of self-driving cars. The strength and lightweight nature of carbon fibre makes it an ideal material for use in the sensors and other technology that is needed for self-driving cars to operate safely and effectively.
Another potential future use of carbon fibre in the automotive industry is in the production of lightweight car parts. As car manufacturers continue to look for ways to improve the fuel efficiency of their vehicles, the use of lightweight materials like carbon fibre will become even more important. By using carbon fibre in car parts like the frame, suspension, and body panels, car manufacturers will be able to produce vehicles that are lighter and more fuel-efficient.
Overall, the future of carbon fibre in the automotive industry is bright. As car manufacturers continue to adopt this material in their vehicles, we can expect to see even more innovative uses of carbon fibre in the automotive industry, including in electric vehicles and self-driving cars.


How Do Thermal Imaging Infrared Cameras Work in the Water Damage Mitigation Business?
According to F l i r, one of the leading manufacturers of infrared cameras (and whose product we use and depend upon): " Infrared camera is a non-contact device that detects infrared energy (heat) and converts it into an electronic signal, which is then processed to produce a thermal image on a video monitor and perform temperature calculations. Heat sensed by an infrared camera can be very precisely quantified, or measured, allowing you to not only monitor thermal performance, but also identify and evaluate the relative severity of heat-related problems. Recent innovations, particularly detector technology, the incorporation of built-in visual imaging, automatic functionality, and infrared software development, deliver more cost-effective thermal analysis solutions than ever before."
Some of the below information is adapted from their IR brocures and re-written for the mitigation industry:
Residential Applications for Mitigation Companies
Initial infrared inspection with a quality infrared camera enables a powerful noninvasive method to monitor and diagnose the condition of buildings. Since moisture will usually change the surface temperature of a building component, identification of suspected moisture areas are easy to see via the color variences on the IR camera screen. The mitigation company can quickly identify problem areas that can't be seen by the naked eye - eliminating destructive probing methods. Results are captured and documented instantly and easily into professional reports using a combination of moisture detection methods. The mitigation company will use the camera to locate a suspected area of moisture and then use moisture meters - either invasive or non-penetrating - to verify the results. The infrared camera saves a tremendous amount of time and money by pinpointing suspected areas thus enabling the technician to focus on wet areas as opposed to having to test the entire surface area of a home.
Commercial Building Moisture Detection
Moisture in building materials can destroy structural integrity and nurture mold. The first step in moisture problem remediation is to quickly and accurately locate and remove all sources of moisture. Infrared cameras instantly show you what's wet and what's dry. IR cameras can instantly find the ultimate source with little or no physical disassembly of the premises and minimal disturbance of inhabitants. Since mitigation companies specialize in drying rather than tearing -out wet building materials whereever possible, the IR camera fits perfectly into the array of available tools for accomplishing this task. Infrared cameras are the inspection assets preferred by building experts and mitigators for fast, reliable, accurate building diagnosis in the entire range of building problems, from post-catastrophe fire and flood investigations to chronic leaks and moisture problems. Infrared cameras are lightweight and rugged for use in the field. They instantly capture and record high-resolution thermographic images on-board for subsequent downloading to a PC. They can also output full-motion infrared video records in real-time to a video recorder. These features are invaluable to us as we try ot quickly identify and save building structure, walls, floors and ceilings whenever possible.
ServiceMaster Advanced, The Master of Disaster, uses infrared technology as well as many other leading-edge technologies to effectively mitigate water damage and fire damage (as well as perform mold remediation in homes and commercial businesses. Please see our web page for many more informative articles www.servicemastermobilealabame.com, or call us at (251) 653-9333.


ta ya’s nic heading to southeast asia to expand the business of copper bonding wires-凯发备用地址
ta ya’s nic heading to southeast asia to expand the business of copper bonding wires.
after semiconchina 2012 in march, ta ya’s new business development, investment and copper management business group (nic) headed to singapore to attend semicon singapore 2012 to put sealed copper bonding wire and palladiumelectroplated copper bonding wire on display, and search for qualified agents for the asian market.
as gold prices continue to rise and copper packaging technology and experience matures, copper bonding wire is expected to show its potential. copper is the core business of ta ya. the company successfully developed copper bonding wire to satisfy the ic packaging industry in 2003, expanding its territory from cable and wire to electronic materials. ta ya provides many leading companies with quality and stable products and receives great feedback.
the sealed copper bonding wire and palladiumelectroplated copper bonding wirewere strongly promoted by nic and attracted many southeast asian customers and agents to inquire and ask for further discussion regarding cooperation.


Operation of a quadcopter/multicopter is similar to that of a helicopter. It has a control similar to a helicopter’s cyclic control that enables pitching the quadcopter anywhere within its 360o radius. But the quadcopter differs from the helicopter in that it has no tail boom. Because of this, the quadcopter can easily fly in any direction regardless of which way its “front” may be pointing. Thus a quadcopter can change its direction of flight more rapidly than any other flying machine.
The multirotor concept has been around for a long time. But until recently it wasn’t practical as the design is inherently unstable. Controlling multiple rotors to maintain steady flight is extremely difficult if not impossible for the average person. But advances in gyroscope attitude sensing technology (thanks to the Wii, tablets, and phones) have developed very small, low-power attitude sensors that can be incorporated with computer logic to automatically balance the quadcopter in flight. Thus the pilot can now focus entirely on his flying skills, and no longer be distracted to also manually balancing the quadcopter from flipping over.
Currently there are two versions of attitude gyros that you should be familiar with. They are titled as “3 axis”, and the somewhat incorrectly titled “6 axis”. The 3 axis automatically balance the forward & aft tilt (pitch), and right & left tilt (roll) of the aircraft. The right and left turning axis (yaw) is also steadied by the sensors. A balanced and properly trimmed (more on trimming later) quadcopter should takeoff and hover relatively motionless in the air. It should not tilt or turn in any direction until you apply control to the aircraft. Additionally, if you apply and remove control, it should slowly but automatically return to a horizontal non-turning position.
The 6 axis gyro stabilization provides much faster correction of attitude displacement than a 3 axis system. In addition to the three pitch, roll, and yaw sensors, three additional accelerometers sense acceleration in the three dimensions. Now our quadcopter can automatically sense and compensate for sudden wind gusts. When we provide command to hover our quadcopter (center our pitch controls, called cyclic), the accelerometers can sense if the quadcopter is still in motion and automatically compensate to rapidly achieve hover. Finally, the six sensors in combination can detect both unusual attitude (if we’re flipped upside down) and can also tell if we’re falling to the ground. By centering the pitch controls, and applying throttle, a 6 axis copter will quickly right itself and come to hover. This last one is really cool and must be seen to be appreciated.
It’s obvious that for most beginners a 6 axis quadcopter is the best option as it’s most forgiving. It’s even appreciated by more advanced flyers as a 6 axis quadcopter is also very nimble, able to “turn on a dime”.


ESD Field Service Kits provide a complete portable ESD safe workstation for personnel working with electronics in the field. Surface resistivity is 106 – 109. To stop static electricity from damaging electronic cards, an ESD safe work area is essential for Field Service Technicians performing in-field repair or installation of cards. The entire ESD Field Service Kit folds to fit into most tool cases. The kits include a 24" x 24" mat with 2 pockets, a wrist strap (WSADJSS) and a 15' ground cord (CGC151M).
Applications: Aerospace Assembly, Electronic Manufacturing, Electronic Repairs, Fiber Optics, Hospitals and Soldering workstations


The next big thing in VR gaming is finally here, but not just for the hardcore, with a VR headset that will be priced between $399 and $799.
And that’s not all: it also has a pair of controllers that will let you use it as a hand-held gamepad.
The PlayStation VR has been on the market for a little while now, but the company has been quietly building the headset and the controllers in-house.
The headset has the same design as its predecessors, and it has a much wider field of view than any other VR headset out there.
The new controllers are much more precise and have more grip and feel, and they are more responsive and responsive than the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive.
And they come in a range of colors, including blue, green, orange, purple, pink, red, and white.
The headsets won’t launch until late 2018, but you can preorder one now.
You can also preorder the PlayStation VR today at Amazon, Best Buy, and other retailers.


Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes. Human intervention is reduced by predetermining decision criteria, sub-process relationships, and related actions, and embodying these pre-determinations in machines. Automation includes the use of various equipment and control systems such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treatment furnaces, turning on telephone networks, steering and balancing ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with reduced human intervention. Automation covers applications ranging from a household thermostat controlling a boiler to a large industrial control system with tens of thousands of input measurements and output control signals. Control complexity can range from simple on-off control to multivariate high-level algorithms.
In the simplest type of an automatic control loop, a controller compares the measured value of a process with a desired setpoint and processes the resulting error signal so that the process remains at the setpoint to change some input to the process. This closed loop control is the application of negative feedback to a system. As the Spectre Robotics family, we provide services in the field of Industrial Automation within the scope of the design, installation, programming of production-control tools and their integration with the existing infrastructure. Our company is upgrading a wide spectrum of industrial production lines to Industry 4.0 standards. The systems we install or upgrade from scratch have internationally accepted standards and capabilities in the context of the "Smart System" concept. Our basic vision in the projects we carry out under the umbrella of Spectre Robotics is that the system built is user-friendly, easily accessible, easily manageable, scalable and reliable.
We produce smart systems by making use of programmable logic controller systems (PLC Programmable Logic Controller) and human-machine interface (HMI Human-Machine Interface) applications that help to establish a connection between the user and the system. We establish fast, convenient and updatable structures with Microcomputer-Based Control Systems for smooth production. We secure the management of operations by providing control from mobile devices.