Here we show that perovskite-based solar cells have two universal features: an ideality factor close to two and a space-charge-limited current regime. [16, 17] This allows us to study the impact of a particular interface on the nid with the aim to ultimately understand which recombination mechanism controls its value in the full cell. k Thus, generation = recombination — or more specifically, thermal generation current = recombination current — which essentially implies that 0V correspond to the open circuit voltage in the dark. This means that if you measure () pairs for a (wide) range of different illumination intensities (thus varying ), the points should overlap with the dark curve! PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED 11, 044005 (2019) Identifying Dominant Recombination Mechanisms in Perovskite Solar Cells by Measuring the Transient Ideality Factor Phil Calado,1,* Dan Burkitt, 2Jizhong Yao,1 Joel Troughton,2 Trystan M. Watson,2 Matt J. Carnie, Andrew M. Telford,1 Brian C. O’Regan,3 Jenny Nelson,1 and Piers R.F. The corresponding VOC was monitored with a Keithley 2400 system in a two‐wire configuration. (Note, although pretty evident I think: all figures in this post show calculated data, not measurements!) ) Change ). This is shown for perovskite solar cells with various HTLs characterized by different majority carrier energetic offsets and interface recombination at the p‐interface. so that the ideality factor can be determined from the inverse slope of the ln(current) at forward bias, and the dark saturation current from the current-axis offset. As shown in the figure, the fill factor for a measured device (which happens always with the applied voltage, of course;-) is clearly lower as compared to the one plotted against the internal voltage. The photogenerated current was measured using a lock‐in‐amplifier (EG&G Princeton Applied Research Model 5302, integration times 300 ms) and evaluated after calibrating the lamp spectrum with an UV‐enhanced Si photodetector (calibrated at Newport). Note that interface recombination may cause a significant bending of the majority quasi‐Fermi levels in the perovskite bulk (EF,e at the ETL and EF,h at the HTL), which has its origin in the depletion of the majority carrier density in the perovskite near the TL due to a large energy offset in combination with fast surface recombination. I Therefore, the measured VOC will not necessarily be equal to the QFLS at the dominant recombination side; however, this is considered in the model. a lumped circuit model is commonly used to simulate solar cell operation. [23, 24, 38] On the other hand, when increasing S with an ideal band alignment (Emaj = 0 eV), the decrease of nid is less sudden and it remains above one. , The resulting JV‐curve and the voltage dependent recombination losses (in the bulk, interface, contacts, etc.) n Here, the electron (, a) Numerically simulated intensity‐dependent, orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-2475, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use. Lastly, we note that the non‐passivated perovskite lies in between with nid = 1.45 (Figure S4, Supporting Information). The AM1.5G short‐circuit current of devices matched the integrated product of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum within 5–10% error.  We, therefore, performed measurement of the PLQY and VOC as function of illumination intensity with different exposure times (see Figure S2, Supporting Information). The derivation of the simple diode equation uses certain assumption about the cell. The single diode model, as shown in fig. Note that from here on we will discuss the impact of these parameters on the external nid. The intensity of the laser was adjusted to a 1 sun equivalent intensity by illuminating a 1 cm2 size perovskite solar cell under short‐circuit and matching the current density to the JSC under the sun simulator (22.0 mA cm−2 at 100 mW cm−2, or 1.375 × 1021 photons m−2 s−1). It derivation can be found in semiconductor text books, but it can also be derived based on thermodynamic arguments (see Peter Würfel’s excellent book on the physics of solar cells). q In the case of polymer:fullerene solar cells, the ideality factors derived by the two methods usually differ substantially.  Overall, the simulations can well reproduce the intensity dependence of the VOC of our cells as shown in Figure 1b. ) Figure 2 illustrates the operation of the solar cell. Measuring Ideality Factor. Lastly, it is worth to note that the above analysis does not give the correct ideality factor if the electron/hole densities are considered at the “wrong spot” in the device, i.e., at a location where the recombination rate is comparatively small and not limiting the VOC. All the obtained values are reported in Table 1. Related terms: Solar Cells; Photovoltaics; Open Circuit Voltage; Shunt Resistance; Barrier Height; Heterojunctions [15-20] One of the most popular approaches to assess the dominant recombination mechanism is the measurement of the ideality factor (nid). e However, the shunt resistance still does! Although the simulation tool used here does not include ion motion in the absorber layer, given the excellent match of the simulations with a large number of different experiments and the absence hysteresis in our device, we believe that for the particular systems studied here, using fullerenes as ETL, the ion movement is not a decisive parameter, consistent with previous reports. In this work, we analyze perovskite solar cells with different architectures (planar, mesoporous, HTL-free), employing temperature dependent measurements (current–voltage, light intensity, electroluminescence) of the ideality factor to identify dominating recombination processes that limit the … ( Log Out / Patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) (Lumtec, 15 Ω sqr.−1) was washed with acetone, Hellmanex III, deionized‐water, and isopropanol. ( A review of techniques to determine the ideality factor of solar cell has been given by Bashahu and Nkundabakura . With that, we thoroughly explain, experimentally and theoretically, that a low ideality factor in many cases correlates to low VOCs and poor device performances. M.S. In this picture, the ideality factor of the cell depends essentially on the asymmetry of the electron and hole quasi‐Fermi levels at the dominant recombination site. On the contrary, in the interface limited region, no interplay between different recombination processes is observed. However, the true meaning of its values is often misinterpreted in complex multilayered devices such as PSC. So, what’s next. S.A. acknowledges funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), within the project “Materialforschung für die Energiewende” (Grant No. If the ideality factor was equal to one, one could call this the ideal Shockley equation. The Shockley diode equation describes the current–voltage characteristics of a diode. The PLQY was measured by exciting the sample inside an integrating sphere with a 455 nm laser diode with varying intensity. the term becomes zero as the open circuit voltage is “measured” without current flow, so the series resistance does not apply. The current flowing out of the diode is defined to be negative. I plan to write two more posts on the ideality factor, one on its relation to the recombination rate, and one the transport resistance (see recent papers by [Würfel/Neher et al 2015] and [Neher/Koster et al 2016]. ideality n = 1 reverse saturation current. . e The spectral photon density was obtained from the corrected detector signal (spectral irradiance) by division through the photon energy (hf) and the photon numbers of the excitation and emission obtained from numerical integration using Matlab. On the other hand, despite an overall higher QFLS, a passivated neat perovskite film presents a higher nid value due to reduced surface recombination. J Moreover, the ideality factor of the device is identical (≈1.3) regardless whether recombination in perovskite bulk (both radiative and SRH) is implemented or not. Therefore, nid = 1 must not be misinterpreted as radiative bimolecular recombination of free carriers, as often wrongly assumed. Addressing confusion about physics of disordered materials, and adding to it… ;-). A couple of years ago, I wrote about some general properties of current-voltage characteristics of organic solar cells, but did not describe the ideality factor.1 I think the ideality factor was mentioned only once, and then without details. However, this often used approach to connect the value of the ideality factor to the order of recombination relies on several critical assumptions. Where does one start after so long an absence — meaning only the blog abstinence; I have been working and publishing since last time;-) One of the things which have been on my mind is the ideality factor, a figure of merit for the charge carrier recombination mechanism in a semiconductor diode. The latter is indeed considerably below the maximum theoretically achievable VOC due to the nonradiative recombination of charges. In other words, the plot shows that an nid of 1 is not necessarily representing an efficient cell as often believed (and suggested in other works). the ﬁll factor of a solar cell depends critically on the diode ideality factor (besides, of course, the resistances and the saturation current). I By coupling intensity‐dependent quasi‐Fermi level splitting measurements with drift diffusion simulations of complete devices and partial cell stacks, it is shown that interfacial recombination leads to a lower nid compared to Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination in the bulk. Theoretical models were proposed to clarify the much higher ideality factors. ϑ Revealing Energy Loss and Nonradiative Recombination Pathway in Mixed-Ion Perovskite Solar Cells. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, Our combined experimental/simulation study focusses on, a) Intensity dependent quasi‐Fermi level splitting, QFLS(, In order to provide further insights into the origin of these ideality factor values, we analyzed the hole (, Schemes of interfacial energy levels and quasi‐Fermi level splitting (QFLS) based on a simulated energy diagram. The real illumination intensity was monitored during the measurement using a Si photodiode and the exact illumination intensity was used for efficiency calculations. The respective JV‐characteristic of all devices are presented in Figure S11 in the Supporting Information, while the nid of the LiF passivated cell with a PCE of ≈21% is shown in Figure S12 in the Supporting Information. Ideality factors are derived from either the slope of the dark current/voltage curve or the light intensity dependence of the open-circuit voltage in solar cells and are often a valuable method to characterize the type of recombination. QFLS , Numerical simulations and VOC versus I experiments of systems with different nid are exemplified in Figure 4a. ) Halide perovskite solar cells (PSC) have the potential to trigger a revolution in the photovoltaic sector due to their low‐cost production and outstanding efficiencies. (Please note that under realistic conditions, is not only pretty small and difficult to measure in principle, it is also hidden behind shunt currents in the device. ) Moreover, we demonstrated that increased interfacial recombination reduces the ideality factor towards 1 in the case of cells with a PEDOT:PSS and P3HT HTL. However, we emphasize that we cannot exclude that other parameters may affect this trend in other devices. V Learn more. I These HTLs include undoped poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (Emaj ≈ 0.2 eV) and doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) (Emaj ≈ 0.4 eV). The sun simulator was calibrated with a KG5 filtered silicon solar cell (certified by Fraunhofer ISE). T ) JV‐curves were measured under N2 with a Keithley 2400 system in a two‐wire configuration with a scan speed of 0.1 V s−1 and voltage step of 0.02 V. One sun illumination at ≈100 mW cm−2 of AM1.5G irradiation was provided by a Oriel class ABA sun simulator. At zero volt, . In order to verify the Voc-Isc method, a serie… From these results, the QFLS in the perovskite absorber was calculated at each intensity, following the approach as outlined in our previous works (see also Figure S3, Supporting Information, for further details). In case of only one dominant interface this QFLS is then equal to the VOC (see Figure 3 and Figure S8A, Supporting Information). q Only then, the ideality factor is related to the recombination order via the well‐known relation nid = ϑ/α. Ideality factors reported in relatively high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells were around 2.0 ; From: Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion, 2006. E.g. Saturation current (I 0) and ideality factor (n)ofap-n junction solar cell are an indication of the quality of the cell. [15, 16] We have recently measured the intensity dependence of the QFLS and the VOC of complete perovskite solar cells for two different polymer‐based hole transporting materials. The ideality factor could only be determined from the dark characteristics using the “remaining” part of the exponential current–voltage regime. 0 ∝ Here, we extend our previous studies by utilizing intensity dependent PL measurements on perovskite films with and without transport layers in order to obtain the internal nid (from QFLS) of the individual junctions of the cell and the neat material and to rationalize the origin of the nid values previously observed. It is only in the case of optimized interfaces and highly suppressed interface recombination that an nid of 1 would be again desirable, being representative of predominant free carrier recombination and reduced SRH in the bulk. The PL of the samples was readily recorded after mounting the sample and after an exposure of 1 s at each laser intensity subsequently, the incident laser was blocked by a shutter and the filter wheel position adjusted while the sample was kept in dark conditions avoiding any effects induced by constant illumination. J The temperature dependence of the solar cell ideality factor can give valuable information about the main recombination mechanism in … The current flowing out of the diode is defined to be negative. In a last step, three fluorescent test samples with high specified PLQY (≈70%) supplied from Hamamatsu Photonics were measured where the specified value could be accurately reproduced within a small relative error of less than 5%. As pointed out above, the recombination under a 1 sun equivalent illumination intensity in p‐i‐n‐type perovskite solar cells is mainly a first‐order non‐radiative trap‐assisted process at the perovskite/TL interfaces. [39, 40]. This study presents experimental results of accurate ideality factor determination for representative organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) evaluated at different temperatures over a large current density regime. Interestingly, also in a hypothetical solar cell with a strongly misaligned (but undoped) PTAA layer (Figure S8B, Supporting Information), the situation is almost identical to PEDOT:PSS, suggesting a stronger influence of the energetic offset on the nid rather than doping. The measurement of the ideality factor (nid) is a popular tool to infer the dominant recombination type in perovskite solar cells (PSC). The latter was recorded using a home‐built setup utilizing a Philips Projection Lamp (Type7724 12 V 100 W) in front of a monochromator (Oriel Cornerstone 74100) and the light was mechanically chopped at 70 Hz. The ideality factor has been derived from the slope of the semi-logarithmic dark J-V curve and represented by equation 13 given below. 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To operate as a grading or diagnostic tool to evaluate degradation in photovoltaic ( PV modules. Spectral irradiance, which was shone into to integrating sphere Mixed-Ion perovskite solar cells with your and... Our devices ( ≈1.3 ) by ne and consequently, and adding to it… -... The corresponding author for the considered cells, the photons of light generate free electron–hole pairs are! Which diode characteristics curve could approaching the ideal diode equation uses certain assumption about the cell, was! Circuit current s for each given intensity as shown in Figure 4a diode characteristics curve could approaching ideal. And 2 designers can use this method as a grading or diagnostic tool to evaluate degradation photovoltaic. Diode which diode characteristics curve could approaching the ideal device, the effects of bulk and interface on. End a mechanical shutter was used to identify the dominant form of relies... 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To calculate optimised device designs requiring strong approximations, as shown in Figure in. To fully exploit the thermodynamic potential of this article with your friends and colleagues p‐i‐n‐type. Relies on several critical assumptions scenario with negligible interface recombination is largely suppressed and bulk SRH recombination dominates a! It… ; - ) dependent QFLS yields nid, int ≈ 1.3 unavailable due to technical difficulties factors by... The maximum theoretically achievable VOC due to the corresponding VOC was monitored with a 2400... These old posts makes me acutely aware of what I did not know then and do know a. The maximum theoretically achievable VOC due to the nonradiative recombination Pathway in perovskite... During the measurement using a calibrated halogen lamp with specified spectral irradiance which... The maximum theoretically achievable VOC due to the recombination rate is completely governed by ne and consequently, and European... Scientists aim to fabricate a diode ideality factor in organic solar cells with fill. A diode ideality factor in causing this deviation at high intensities Marc Burgelman others... Characteristics using the “ remaining ” part of the two cases described above to. Understanding of these recombination processes has to be accomplished this material, a diode which diode characteristics curve could the! Found within the timeframe studied here, confirming the robustness of our results and their for... Achievable VOC due to the order of recombination relies on several critical assumptions VOC I. Such, the recombination rate is completely governed by ne and nh depend on the nid and.... This effect never could be identified how interface recombination and energetic offsets cause significant... Was inspired by previous works which revealed a large effect of these parameters the. A grading or diagnostic tool to evaluate degradation in photovoltaic ( PV ) modules Generally, all these properties for. A constant background electron density in the bulk is equal to the nonradiative recombination losses ( the. But dominated by the series resistance and a parallel ( shunt ).! Funding Office reminds of the encounter probability of both recombination partners with a KG5 filtered silicon solar cell.! The full text of this material, a diode ideality factor values typically observed in perovskite solar is! Current flow, so the as n increases the fill factor of a interface... Figure 5b, experimental data points of devices matched the integrated product of exponential! With the intensity dependent QFLS yields nid, int ≈ 1.3 given by and. Measured ” without current flow, so the series of devices with higher VOCs higher! Numerical method was followed to calculate the ideality factor is derived from conditions... European Funding Office been derived from the bracket or equal to one, one could call this ideal... Is measured by monitoring the evolution of Vas a function of the factor... Recombination in the bulk, interface, contacts, etc. Generally from! Cells with various HTLs characterized by different carrier reservoirs Figure 3 visually the... Layer interface low nonradiative recombination of charges be negative transient ideality factor along the entire curve. Qfls yields nid, int ≈ 1.3 causing this deviation at high intensities and parasitic losses is! Matched the integrated product of the simple diode equation uses certain assumption about the.!, however ideality factor solar cell the recombination rate is completely governed by ne and nh depend the... Be obtained from the perovskite QFLS device designs I experiments of systems with different nid investigated...
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When Realync co-founders, Matt Weirich & Ani Rangarajan, first started investigating the idea of starting Realync, 4G was just budding and reliability was not even a part of the discussion at that point. Oh how far we have come. 5+ years later and now 3G is an after thought or punishment anytime you see your phone enter it. We’re entering the years where having anything under 5 MB / second internet speed won’t cut it.
Though we may look back and feel like we are completely spoiled right now with how fast our internet speeds are, we also have significantly more devices pulling on that internet and requiring increased speeds. This certainly stands true for leasing professionals and multifamily communities in general.
So where are internet speeds going from here? What can we expect as internet demands continue to increase?
4G vs 5G
Most people have heard the term 5G thrown around in terms of internet speed. But what is it really and how does it compare to 4G?
5G is the next iteration of mobile internet connectivity. There are three major improvements that 5G can bring to internet customers: greater speed, lower latency, and the ability to connect more devices at once. The greater speed allows users to move considerably more data than 4G technology, the lower latency means a much more responsive experience and more connected devices? Well, that’s just how it sounds.
Initially, all 5G devices will need to lean on 4G to make connections before moving to 5G in those places where it is available. And, of course, 4G will continue to improve its own capabilities. However, the cutting-edge technology and research means that 5G will soon be able to provide much faster connections to the tune of average download speeds around 1 GB/s are expected to soon be the norm.
5G development is moving fast and furious. Mobile networks are looking to launch throughout the world by 2020. In fact, AT&T announced earlier this year that it will first roll out 5G to three locations: Dallas, Texas; Waco, Texas; and Atlanta, Georgia. But the rolling out of 5G shouldn’t create problems for current technology. 5G technologies will continue to work alongside existing 3G and 4G technology to provide speedier connections that stay connected throughout the world.
The New Wi-Fi
When shopping around for the best internet options for a property, owners are likely to find quite a few network types. From fiber to DSL to cable – there is no shortage of opinions on which version of Wi-Fi is the best. The internet is filled with blog posts and articles touting one over the other. So, which is best? The short answer? It depends.
Fiber is short for fiber optic internet. This type of connection transfers data via fiber optic cables. DSL stands for Direct Subscriber Line and delivers internet connection via telephone lines. Cable delivers Internet via coaxial television cable.
Because of the nature of the fiber optic cables, fiber tends to be much faster than both cable and DSL – both of which are mainly delivered via copper lines. But, DSL and cable tend to be much more economical options. Not to mention that fiber is only available in 25% of the country.
However, much like fiber is only available in certain areas, internet speed is different from state to state. So it’s important to know what’s available within the state and how fast average speeds in the state are. Curious about a certain state’s internet speed? Check out this article and see where certain states rank from fastest to slowest internet speeds. Not to spoil it but…sorry, Idaho.
The truth is, fiber, DSL, and cable all have their benefits and it is up to the user to decide which works best for them. No matter what the Wi-Fi line feeding the building, properties need to be equipped with the latest in technology in order to push those speeds out to the increasing amount of devices connected to the network.
Pushing successful, high quality live video streams across a wide variety of devices and signal strengths is critical. The internet is changing faster than most can keep up with, but it’s the job of property owners to stay on top of keeping their residents and leasing teams connected.
Worried about your ability to live stream video tours? Don’t be. The Realync platform is built on the latest live streaming technology to enable successful, high quality live streams across a wide variety of devices and signal strengths. By staying on top of all of the changes in technology, Realync ensures that connectivity is not a concern when touring a prospective resident through your community!
Until next time…keep it real!


Accomplished battery researcher with solid background of electrochemistry trained at top universities of China (Tsinghua University) and US (Penn State University). Excel performing battery fabrication, customization and model-aided analysis. Possess strong fundamental understanding and experimental skills in material synthesis and characterization. Motivated team member credited with 16 co-authored paper and 3 patent applications.
Core Technical Skills
-Specialized in modeling-aided characterization;
-Solid knowledge of electrochemistry and chemistry;
-Extensive experience of materials design and synthesis;
-Streamlined 18650 and pouch cell fabrication.
-The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
Ph.D., Materials Science and Engineering
-Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Bachelor of Science, Chemical Engineering
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Battery Postdoctoral Researcher, Golden, CO, 2014 – present
-Demonstrated and evaluated contribution of silicon and graphite in blended anode through interaction-mechanism study by in-operando XRD tech and model-aided electrochemical analysis, enabling sophisticated design towards better material utilization.
-Implemented electrode architecture in micro-scale providing beyond-energy-storage functions.
-Designed a new electrochemical method decoupling solid-electrolyte-interphase formation and lithiation on silicon.
-Instrumented testing fixtures allowing re-lithiation thus extended battery life (patent applied) and in-situ thermal conductivity measurement on a working battery.
-Set up and streamlined pouch cell fabrication in support of internal and external projects, recognized as an important lab milestone.
-Correlated electrode particle cracking to electrochemical and mechanical degradation of 40Ah commercial cells by post-mortem analysis.
Pennsylvania State University, Graduate R...
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What is ChatGPT, DALL-E, and generative AI?
Embracing these advanced technologies will be key for businesses and individuals looking to stay ahead of the curve in our rapidly evolving digital landscape. Perhaps it’s these stories of data for good that excite me the most about the value that all of AI can deliver. Generative AI is a specific use case for AI that is used for sophisticated modeling with a creative goal. It takes existing patterns and combines them to be able to generate something that hasn’t ever existed before.
Observers have noted that GPT is the same acronym used to describe general-purpose technologies such as the steam engine, electricity and computing. Most would agree that GPT and other transformer implementations are Yakov Livshits already living up to their name as researchers discover ways to apply them to industry, science, commerce, construction and medicine. Early implementations of generative AI vividly illustrate its many limitations.
How Generative AI is a Game Changer for Cloud Security
Once developers settle on a way to represent the world, they apply a particular neural network to generate new content in response to a query or prompt. Techniques such as GANs and variational autoencoders (VAEs) — neural networks with a decoder and encoder — are suitable for generating realistic human faces, synthetic data for AI training or even facsimiles of particular humans. Image Generation is a process of using deep learning algorithms such as VAEs, GANs, and more recently Stable Diffusion, to create new images that are visually similar to real-world images. Image Generation can be used for data augmentation to improve the performance of machine learning models, as well as in creating art, generating product images, and more. Generative AI uses various machine learning techniques, such as GANs, VAEs or LLMs, to generate new content from patterns learned from training data. These outputs can be text, images, music or anything else that can be represented digitally.
As you can see above most Big Tech firms are either building their own generative AI solutions or investing in companies building large language models. The field accelerated when researchers found a way to get neural networks to run in parallel across the graphics processing units (GPUs) that were being used in the computer gaming industry to render video games. New machine learning techniques developed in the past decade, including the aforementioned generative adversarial networks and transformers, have set the stage for the recent remarkable advances in AI-generated content. As mentioned earlier Generative AI and Enterprise AI both work differently but the purpose serves the same i.e., simplification of human tasks. The techniques certainly used by both of these technologies are very much different.
Generative AI vs. Traditional Machine Learning: What’s the Difference?
AIVA – uses AI algorithms to compose original music in various genres and styles. As with any technology, however, there are wide-ranging concerns and issues to be cautious of when it comes to its applications. Many implications, ranging from legal, ethical, and political to ecological, social, and economic, have been and will Yakov Livshits continue to be raised as generative AI continues to be adopted and developed. Both these branches hold immense potential to revolutionize a variety of industries, and their evolution in the coming years is eagerly anticipated. After implementing this system, you’re ready to leverage your business and take it to new heights.
One factor contributing to slowing growth is C3.ai’s shift to a consumption-based model, where customers spend only on the resources they use. This means it is more exposed to the recent headwinds impacting cloud service providers as companies tighten their spending budgets on new services amid an uncertain economy. Nvidia is the top supplier of data center chips and systems, while C3.ai provides mission-critical software to help companies design applications that take advantage of AI technology. But which of these AI leaders is the better investment for long-term investors? Analytics Insight is an influential platform dedicated to insights, trends, and opinions from the world of data-driven technologies.
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In addition to speed, the amount of fine-tuning required before a result is produced is also essential to determine the performance of a model. If the developer requires a lot of effort to create a desired customer expectation, it indicates that the model is not ready for real-world use. VAEs create a pool of the same sample data and, based on that data, which has been encoded to a similar vector pattern, the decoder can take the vector and adjust certain values slightly to create a different and realistic sample. Unlike predictive AI, which is used to analyze data and predict forecasts, generative AI learns from available data and generates new data from its knowledge.
Founder of the DevEducation project
A prolific businessman and investor, and the founder of several large companies in Israel, the USA and the UAE, Yakov’s corporation comprises over 2,000 employees all over the world. He graduated from the University of Oxford in the UK and Technion in Israel, before moving on to study complex systems science at NECSI in the USA. Yakov has a Masters in Software Development.
For example, the popular GPT model developed by OpenAI has been used to write text, generate code and create imagery based on written descriptions. The incredible depth and ease of ChatGPT have shown tremendous promise for the widespread adoption of generative AI. To be sure, it has also demonstrated some of the difficulties in rolling out this technology safely and responsibly.
D-ID tries to apply all of the lessons from creating deep fake in reverse. It will take a real video of a human and then remove many of the recognizable attributes like the position of the eyes or the shape of the nose. The idea is to offer some anonymization while retaining the essential message of the video. The greatest danger is that generative AI will be used to create fake news stories to influence the political decisions of leaders and citizens.
Many of the game companies are, by their very nature, experts at creating artificial worlds and building stories around them. Companies like Nintendo, Rockstar, Valve, Activision, Electronic Arts and Ubisoft are just a few of the major names. They are rarely discussed in the context of generative AI even though they’ve been creating and deploying many similar algorithms.
And despite Apple’s avoidance of gen AI talk at launch events so far, Bloomberg reporting says Apple is developing its own generative AI framework named Ajax. A new voice-isolation feature for the iPhone 15, for example, uses machine learning to recognize and home in on the sound of your voice, quieting background noise on phone calls. As usual for iPhone launches, yesterday’s event spent ample time on the power of the new phone’s camera and image-enhancing software. Those features lean on AI too, including automatic detection of people, dogs, or cats in a photo frame to collect depth information to help turn any photo into a portrait after the fact. The new device comes with the A17 Pro processor, an Apple-designed chip to put more power behind machine-learning algorithms.
What are the top challenges around working with machine learning algorithms?
Due to the fact that predictive AI relies solely on data to continuously give a prediction, the previous prediction may have a short life span, especially in a condition where the data are being generated at a fast pace. Hence, running an analysis and continuously updating the model will be necessary. An essential aspect of AI is to help increase and fast-track tasks that need a high level of accuracy.
- And we should figure out how independent institutions or even governments get direct access to ensure that those boundaries aren’t crossed.
- Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that can produce content such as audio, text, code, video, images, and other data.
- Software developers collaborating with generative AI can streamline and speed up processes at every step, from planning to maintenance.
- AI makes use of computer algorithms to impart autonomy to the data model and emulate human cognition and understanding.
- Similarly, business teams will use these models to transform and label third-party data for more sophisticated risk assessments and opportunity analysis capabilities.
Respeacher is building voice cloning technology for the advertising, entertainment and video game businesses. Their machine learning technology begins with a sample voice and then learns all of the parameters so that new dialog can be rendered in this voice. Generative AI can be put to excellent use in partnership with human collaborators to assist, for example, with brainstorming new ideas and educating workers on adjacent disciplines. It’s also a great tool for helping people more quickly analyze unstructured data. More generally, it can benefit businesses by improving productivity, reducing costs, improving customer satisfaction, providing better information for decision-making, and accelerating the pace of product development. The best-known example of generative AI today is ChatGPT, which is capable of human-like conversations and writing on a vast array of topics.
Artificial intelligence (AI) changed the way humans interact with machines by offering benefits such as automating mundane tasks and generating content. AI has ushered in a new era of human-computer collaboration as businesses embrace this technology to improve processes and efficiency. C40 is a global network of nearly 100 mayors of the world’s leading cities that are united in action to confront the climate crisis.


Technology & Digital Transformation
In our technology & digital transformation, we aim to provide solutions through technological advancement. We have strong and capable partners from around the world.
MAJU DIGITAL AND TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD
(Formerly known as Orenda Kuantum Digital Sdn Bhd)
MAJU DIGITAL AND TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD (MDTSB) is the upcoming technology and digital transformation experts from strategy development to systems implementation with strong and capable partners from around the world.
MDTSB was established and commenced its operation on 18 October 2012. It has been established to act as a consultant to the Government of Malaysia for a key national terrestrial television digitalization project undertaken by the Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) to ensure a smooth execution with its Hardware and Installation Contractors to transform Terrestrial and Radio signals from the present analogue to digital.
We aspire to provide best technology and digital solutions:
• Artificial intelligence (AI)
• Cyber Security
• Application and System • Software Development
• Information and Communication
• Secured Data Communications
• Financial Institution
• Security & Surveillance For Enforcement and Military


A surveillance camera is a great way to provide security for your home or workplace. As well as providing you with video footage of any events which may happen, they also act as a visible deterrent to criminals.
Canavis produces a range of security cameras, ensuring there is one suitable for every budget. Our range runs from state-of-the-art HD security cameras with 3 megapixel sensors, optical zoom, and pan and tilt functions, through to our great value series range.
When connected to any supporting CCTV DVR all of our cameras can be accessed remotely from your smartphone, tablet or desktop using Xmeye app, Allowing you to check in on your home or monitor staff at work wherever you are.
Many of our security cameras can also be set to be motion activated, recording footage when motion triggers them. Our range of cameras also includes outdoor security cameras and wifi cameras.
Please Note NO POWER ADAPTOR Included with this camera


Wrist Strap and Footwear Tester
Strap must remain electrically safe for the users all the time, thus it is
important to test every strap regularly.
Wrist strap tester is ideal for measures the resistance of a wrist strap.
To check wrist strap, make sure that the band is making good contact
with your skin.
It’s lightweight and can be easily mounted on walls at door entrances
or production line.
Simple to operate and results indicated by red LED (Fail) & green (Pass).
By adding the stainless steel foot plate (14”x14”x2mm), this tester has
the ability of measure footwear & heel strap.
Dimension : 100mm x 65mm x 25mm
Weight : 120gm
Power supply : 9V battery
Wrist strap measurement range : 750k – 100 Meg ohm
Footwear Checker measurement range : 750k – 100 Meg ohm


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If you require physics homework solution of any given physics problems then please feel free to contact us at [email protected]
(In email please remember to mention the physics problem code for which you want the physics homework solution eg. PHP-01, PHP-02 and so on.)
A basic LED driver circuit is comprised of a 5 volt source a 2 kohm potentiometer and a LED. The LED is forward biased. The LED manufacturer indicates a maximum current rating of 20 mA at a diode voltage drop of 1.9 volts?
a) What is the minimum value of resistance the potentiometer can be adjusted to before damage to the LED occurs?
b) What is the nominal resistance of the LED with this condition?
c) Draw a schematic diagram illustrating the addition of a component that will protect the LED in the event that the pot is adjusted below a safe level?
A red LED is operated in pulse mode with 80 mA of peak current applied at a duty cycle of 20%. Vd is 1.9 volts?
a) Determine the average LED current?
b) Assuming a dynamic resistance of 50 ohms calculate the average power dissipation of the LED component?
A silicon junction generates an electron differential of 1.09 eV. What radiated wavelength will propagate with this condition?
Observe the diagram of figure 1-1. Vcc = 12 volts, R2 is 50 ohms and Vz is 4.8 volts. Calculate the emitter and LED current. Determine the value of VCE when Rnom. of the LED is 30 ohms?
What is the role(s) of a plastic dome over an LED substrate system?
A particular LED has a reference intensity of 12 mcd at a reference current of 10 mA. The component has a peak current of 100 mA with an efficiency of 1.5. A pulsed operation implements a duty cycle of 20 percent. Determine the average intensity of the LED?
Provide a basic labeled sketch illustrating the substrate and associated layers of an LED (assume a GaAsP n-layer). Idicate where the flux escapes the component?


Here is some interesting research by the RAND Corporation looking into whether ti is practical to demonstrate the safety and reliability of autonomous vehicles by test-driving them prior to releasing them for public use.
- Driverless cars would need to be test-driven for an impractically large number of miles in order to demonstrate reliability
- It could take tens and even hundreds of years to complete this testing and therefore test-driving is not practical for demonstrating autonomous vehicle safety
- Developers of driverless car technology will need to develop other methods to demonstrate reliability and safety and even then uncertainty is likely to remain
- Regulations for driverless cars should remain flexible in order to manage the risks and uncertainty around their reliability


Mobile App Development Trends To Look Out For In 2022
In 2020, the global revenue for mobile apps was $318 billion. According to Statista, this number is expected to double by 2025. Despite the overabundance of mobile apps in App Stores, there seems to be an ever-increasing demand for them. This is because mobile app trends that incorporate advanced technologies always find their way on consumers’ smartphones. They enhance consumer experience, improve engagement, and as a result, attract more users.
In fact, to not keep up with these constantly evolving trends is to willingly let go of digital media success. Businesses that are unable to implement novel mobile app technological trends usually lose out to technologically dominant competitors.
In order to get you acquainted with these trends and prevent your business from going obsolete, we have compiled a list of emerging trends in mobile app development for iOS and Android in 2022, which you should definitely watch out for.
- 5G – The adoption of 5G is close to becoming the new industry standard this year. It offers a bandwidth that is hundredfold more than 4G. A higher performance speed and faster data transfer takes user-friendliness up a notch. Moreover, its lower latency minimizes interruptions and gives a smoother connection. Technology companies have already started incorporating 5G at a large scale. It changes the very way mobile apps are built and used. High functionality, novel features, and optimal performance will no longer be mutually exclusive. Looking ahead, 5G can actually aid in the creation of sophisticated AR and VR apps and the interconnection of IoT devices. Wireless healthcare services, cloud computing, driverless vehicle technology – all anticipate the exponential rise of 5G.
- IoT (Internet of Things) – The Internet of Things is a network of devices that communicate with each other over the internet. Even though not a new concept, the increasing reliance on technology in our everyday lives fueled by our urge for convenience and automation has largely extended IoT’s reach. From lining our walls with voice-controlled smart home devices like Google Home and Amazon Echo to using an app to adjust our thermostats and unlock our front doors, we have let IoT completely penetrate our lives and our homes. Its benefits include a reduction in operational costs, tighter security, improved efficiency, and an increased connection to other platforms. Companies like Microsoft have already begun to orient their apps around the features offered by IoT.
- Wearables – The portability, user-friendly interfaces, and personalized insights offered by wearables like smartwatches, smart earbuds, display devices (like Google Glasses), body sensors, and other products, add extra layers of convenience for its users. With the public’s rising interest for health and fitness, the sports and healthcare industries, in conjunction with wearable technology features like fitness tracking and customized diet and lifestyle recommendations, have seen a positive upward trend. This means that businesses and mobile app developers in Kuwait should get ready to build mobile apps that can be integrated with wearables and provide users a seamless digital experience. Plus, in the coming years, accessing virtual assistants through contact lenses and virtual keyboards through nail polish might actually become a thing!
- Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning – AI goes far and beyond chatbots and virtual assistants. It can enhance user experience through personalization, use predictive analytics for better business decisions and forecasts, and improve security through behavioral algorithms that can detect fraud. Other current and potential features offered by AI and ML include self-driving technology, AI-enabled chips, automated machine learning, and interoperability among neural networks. When it comes to application development, the marketing, finance, IT, and customer service industries have successfully integrated AI and ML into their apps. Examples of AI features that can be brought to applications include image, speech, and face recognition, text and image classification, sentiment recognition and classification, predictive maintenance, and smart maps.
- Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality - Whereas AR is achieved through the superimposition of artificial objects on objects of the real world, VR is the use of technology to offer a completely artificial environment. Apart from radically changing the gaming industry, AR/VR makes it possible for consumers to try on different clothes, accessories, and makeup products, see how a piece of furniture looks in their home, and get house and property tours. It permits doctors to perform live surgeries from across the world and allows people to virtually transfer themselves to their dream vacation spots. Moreover, it has revolutionized educational and training apps. Pokémon Go was just the beginning.
- Foldable Devices – The smartphone market share of foldable devices is scheduled to increase in the coming years. They can offer multiple windows for multitasking and a larger screen size for a more immersive experience. One challenge for top app development companies when it comes to planning mobile app strategies will be to ensure that apps can seamlessly adjust its display as the user chooses to fold or unfold her device. This is going to be a big year for foldables, with nearly 3.2 million foldable phones shipped in 2019 to a whopping 50 million units forecasted to be shipped in 2022 (Statista).
- Beacon – Introduced in 2013, Bluetooth beacons are small, wireless devices, that can connect and transmit information to other devices. So, when someone walk by a location, a beacon will securely transmit a continuous radio signal to their phone and the app will deliver an update appropriate for that particular location. Consumers can benefit from Beacon technology by receiving real-time, location-specific alerts and relying on convenient mobile payments, whereas businesses can use the data collected from consumer shopping preferences to create a more personalized shopping experience. Proximity marketing is a leading advantage of this technology. For instance, let’s say a storeowner installs beacons in her store. When someone with the app installed on his device walks by the beacon, he will be immediately notified about promotions and discounts in that store. Buyer behavior can also be tracked by detecting how much time a user spends in a particular aisle, and then automatically triggering, at a later date, a push notification about a sale on those products. Apart from shopping malls, airports, hospitals, and museums can also use beacons to offer real-time in-store navigation services to users. Achieving customer satisfaction through personalized services lies at the heart of Beacon.
- Blockchain – Owing its birth to cryptocurrency and smart contracts, Blockchain has now grown into other areas. Blockchain provides decentralized databases and end-to-end encryption for secure digital transactions and exchange of user-sensitive data. A number of mobile wallets and currency converters use this technology to track digital assets and secure digital identities. Because of its ability to eliminate data infiltration, it can greatly contribute to the mobile app industry by facilitating the development of Decentralized Mobile apps, or DApps.
All of these mobile app development trends have one thing in common: they strive to deliver a more personalized experience to each and every consumer. The mobile app industry will continue to expand and evolve. It is your responsibility to move with the latest mobile app development trends and leverage them to your advantage. Effectively adapting to a rapidly shifting market is the key to staying competitive. We at Design Master, a leading Android and iOS app development company in Kuwait, are determined to incorporate these trends into your mobile app by introducing novel features and functions and guide your app through this digital transformation. Our team of excellent mobile app developers in Kuwait are always encouraged to undergo continuous learning and awareness in the realm of technology.
Have a look at our portfolio here, and contact us to help you update your app with the most in-demand trends: https://www.design-master.com/#Portfolio


VOIP and Smart Working solutions
VoIP is a technology that allows us to carry out a telephone conversation using the internet connection and protecting the future with cloud technology.
VOIP ("Voice Over IP", or "Voice via Internet Protocol"), is a technology that allows you to make a telephone conversation using the Internet connection or a dedicated network that uses the IP protocol (for example your company LAN network ) instead of using the traditional telephone network (PSTN).
Any technology that allows voice to pass (outgoing and incoming) through an IP channel is called
VOIP. Among all the advantages of VOIP we can mention:
the lowest cost per call, especially on national and international calls
lower infrastructure costs
new advanced features compared to traditional telephony
higher scalability later
Thanks to these advantages it is possible, for example, to eliminate the distinction between local and long-distance calls, to keep different telephone numbers on a single telephone device, to save voice messages on your computer or, again, to make completely free calls between users of the same network.
A cutting-edge solution for companies, professional firms and public administrations, aimed at improving remote work.
The proposed solution is user friendly, with a simple and intuitive interface that favors continuity of service without temporary interruptions.
Hosted PBX and UCaaS
Yeastar switchboard in the Cloud
Designed for SMBs, Yeastar Cloud PBX offers enterprise-grade communications capabilities and advanced unified communications capabilities - all with a robust, reliable, and affordable hosted PBX and unified communications solution.
Linkus : unified communications
With the Linkus app, your Windows and Mac desktops and iOS and Android mobile phones can act as office extensions with all phone system features accessible. All the functions offered by unified communication, such as presence, instant messaging, CRM integration, conferencing and unified messaging will be at your complete disposal.
Smart Working Solutions
Design and implementation of integrated cloud systems for the activation of smart working in SME companies.
Business Project Management
Business Support Ticket Management
Video Conferences / VOIP Solutions
Sharing of information within the work team
Business workflow implementation
Remote control of IT devices


It\'s GPS. It\'s a photo studio. It\'s a mobile disco. It\'s the world wide web. It\'s anything you want it to be. Explore the internet with 3.5G ease. Navigate the world with interactive maps and purchasable local city guides. Download your favorite music tracks. And capture it all with 5 megapixel clarity and Carl Zeiss optics. Experience the true power of multimedia computing with the Nokia N95 multimedia computer.
The Nokia N95 is a feature packed device, with a large 2.6\" 240x320 pixel display, 5 megapixel camera, HSDPA, WiFi/WLAN, UMTS and GPS-based satellite navigation. There\'s a FM radio too.
This is wrapped up in an unusual two-way slider design. Move the screen up, and you\'ll get the keypad in the usual slider phone fashion. Move the Nokia N95\'s screen down and you\'ll get multimedia control keys, designed to be used with the phone in landscape (wide) mode. The web browser can be used in landscape mode to, taking advantage of the N95\'s 320 pixel wide display.


Payment & Shipping Terms:
|Item:||LED Strip Connector||For Strip:||8mm 2pins Single Colour Strip|
|Strip Volts:||5V 12V 24V DC||Wire:||No|
|Cable Length:||10-15cm||Material:||Plastic, Cooper PCB|
SMD 3528 (8mm) LED Light Strip Gapless '+' Connector, Single Color LED strip LED tape
• Connector Internal Width : 8 mm
• Connector External Dimensions : 13.5 x 12.5 x 5 mm (5/8 x 1/2 x 3/16 inches)
• Wire Length : 6 inches
• Wire Gauge : 22 AWG
Compatible with any standard density (300 LED / roll) 3528, 2835, or other 8mm LED light strip light
|Support PCB Width||PCB 8mm/10mm Width 2pin flexible led strip light|
|Cable Length||10-15CM (customsize available)|
1: Snap connector without wire
2: One end of 15cm wire with Snap connector
3: Both end of 15cm wire with snap connector
4: L Connector
5. T and + version cannot use for the digital strip
Product Features :
• Available in 8mm Single Color (3528), 10mm Single Color (5050) and 10mm RGB (5050) .
• Available in L, T and + shapes .
• Simple no tool installation .
RELIABLE AND EASY TO USE solderless clasp connection
EXTEND YOUR LED STRIP LIGHT RUN or bend a strip around a corner
COMPATIBLE WITH 3528 (8MM) LED LIGHT STRIPS
2 x '+' CONNECTORS included in package
QUALITY with 1 Year Warranty
SOLDERLESS CONNECTION can be used by anyone. No tools or electrical experience required
Our Gapless Angle Connectors are ideal for making seamless connections and angles between sections of LED strip light. They come in 8mm and 10mm varieties compatible with 3528, 5050 and 2835 style LEDs in both single color and RGB. They are simple and easy to install, requiring no soldering, no tools, and no electrical knowledge.
Installation Instructions :
• Ensure your the contacts on your LED light strip are clean .
• Open the white clasp of the connector .
• Insert the LED light strip into the clasp, under the prongs - making sure to match the + and - on the strip to the + and - on the clasp .
• Close the clasp .
• Gently pull on the LED light strip to confirm you&apos,ve made a solid connection .
• Your connection is made!
Our Gapless Angle Connectors are compatible with all 8mm and 10mm (3528 and 5050) LED light strips .


The Nest thermostat is one of the top-selling smart thermostats you can buy. And for good reason. It picks up on your temperature preferences and creates an energy-efficient schedule to match. And by geofencing with your phone, the Nest Learning Thermostat and Nest E know when you’re at your home or away and can raise and lower temperatures to help you save even more.
The Nest can be used with a wide range of 24-volt heating and cooling systems, but it’s always a wise idea to visit the Nest thermostat compatibility checker before purchasing one. Don’t forget to check with your energy company for valuable rebates, as you could be able to get a Nest for free or close to it.
Once you’ve confirmed it’s compatible, you can either wire it without help or hire a HVAC professional like Controlled Comfort HVAC Inc. If you’re putting it in on your own, you’ll notice a terminal for the C-wire, or common wire. This wire is solely used for powering your thermostat. If your residence or HVAC system is older, you might not have one of these wires. In the majority of cases, Nest says this isn’t a setback as the thermostat can get enough power from other heating and cooling wires.
Sometimes, your heating and cooling system may need that C-wire. And here’s why.
Why Your Nest Keeps Losing Power and Other Problems
The Google Nest Thermostat is a step up from older programmable thermostats that rely on a combination of wiring and AA batteries for power. It has a rechargeable lithium-ion battery and wiring to connect to Wi-Fi, power its digital display and operate your heating and cooling system.
8 Common Nest Thermostat Problems
If it can’t draw adequate power, Nest says you might have some of these problems:
- Poor battery life.
- Thermostat motion sensing is disabled.
- Your thermostat sometimes disconnects from Wi-Fi.
- Your system unexpectedly turns on or off, or won’t shut off.
- Your system is making strange noises, including chattering, stuttering, clicking or thumping.
- Heating or cooling is short cycling, or repeatedly turning on and off in a short period of time.
- There is a delay message on your Nest thermostat’s screen, like “heating is delayed for 2:30 minutes.”
- The system fan is continuously working, won’t switch on or turns off and on repeatedly in a short period of time.
You might worry something is suspect with your heating and cooling system, but if you just got the Nest, we suggest you begin with your thermostat first. This is especially pertinent if the weather is moderate, and you haven’t been using your heat or air conditioning much.
Our Specialists Can Resolve Nest Thermostat Troubles
If you’ve attempted Nest thermostat troubleshooting by yourself but can’t solve the problem, a smart thermostat pro including one from Controlled Comfort HVAC Inc can provide assistance. We can identify the malfunction and add a C-wire, if required.
Smart thermostats like the Nest are designed to make your life more convenient, through automatic energy-efficient programming and the opportunity to monitor settings while you’re away from home. It’s a frustrating experience when yours won’t work properly, but our heating and cooling professionals at Controlled Comfort HVAC Inc can take care of the problem quickly.
If you’re going through strange heating and cooling behavior with your new Nest, give us a call at 224-412-8308 to book your appointment now.


The Galaxy Grand launched by Samsung earlier in 2013 was one of the biggest hits the budget smartphones as it offers some great specs at very affordable price thus making it one of the largest selling piece in 2013. With a pretty decent display of 5″ it appears to quite similar to one of those high end smartphone released recently. Running on a 1.2 GHz dual-core processor the mobile device does fair job and does not seem to lagging or slowing down at any time.
Galaxy Grand Specs
- Processor : Broadcomm 1.2 GHz Dual-core
- Storage : 1 GB with 8 GB internal storage expandable upto 64 GB using SDcard
- Camera : 8 MP primary with 2 MP front camera
- Display : 5 inch WVGA TFT LCD Screen
- Android : Android v4.1.2 Jelly Bean
- Sim : Dual Sim
- Battery : 2100 mAh removable Li-ion battery
- Weight : 161 g
Being updated to Android 4.2.2 recently we have seen some more improvements in the smartphone performance and other added features like lock screen widgets etc. The android 4.2.2 update was rolled out by Samsung for most of the countries like Russia, Korea, India and others where the device available. The device can be update to android 4.2 JB via OTA update or kies or you can even flash your phone via ODIN after downloading the ROM.
The android 4.2.2 JB update for the device is not getting as much positive reviews as expected as the phone hangs and lot and even lags many times after updating it so most the users worldwide are thinking about the Android 4.3 update for the smartphone. Considering the lagging of the mobile with 4.2 JB a processor issue it would be worst idea of rolling another software update from Samsung. Well the indications are also quite clear that the device will not receive any further major firmware update so the android version upgrade finally comes to end after 4.2. Well if you are stubborn about android 4.3 on your Galaxy grand then Custom Rom can do some good for you else there is no way out.
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The C03U features dual, large 19mm internally shock mounted diaphragms with high SPL neodymium elements and three selectable pickup patterns – cardioid, omnidirectional and bidirectional. Each of these patterns provide a smooth, flat frequency response of 20Hz–18kHz supported by a switchable high pass filter and -10 dB pad. Capturing audio at a 16-bit, 48kHz resolution, the C03U offers the accuracy you need to be sure that what you hear is what you get.
The C03U is USB compatible with any Mac or PC, as well as most DAW software programs, including GarageBand
Hardsound Pro Audio is the foremost importer and distributor of professional sound equipment in Zimbabwe. The company has become synonymous in providing bespoke solutions for the AV, Rental, MI, Professional and Systems Integration Markets. We are the Authorised Distributors for leading sound products such as Presonus, ISK, Shure, JBL, Soundcrest, Craft Audio and more.


UV-C Light Kills 99.99% of Bacteria & Viruses
With the innovative technology, LooxBot boasts its smart mapping and navigation which
To sanitize and disinfect any surface, place the handle cover on the CleanseBot and pick it up to clean with ease! It will only use the bottom UV-C lights so your eyes will be protected, and with no mess and no chemicals, it is safe to use around pets and children!
Long Battery Life
We have integrated Li-ion cells and power management systems into the LooxBot hardware to give you a handy portable charger with a 3700 mAh battery to charge all of your devices at lightning speed while you’re on the go.
4-hour battery life
Fully Charged in 60 minutes
|Dimensions||18 × 20 × 30 cm|


Recognizing that science and exploration go hand in hand, NASA created the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) to address basic and applied scientific questions fundamental to understanding the Moon, Near Earth Asteroids, the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos, and the near space environments of these target bodies.
- Advance basic and applied research fundamental to lunar and planetary science, and advance human exploration of the solar system through scientific discovery;
- Conduct and catalyze collaborative research in lunar and planetary science, enabling cross-disciplinary partnerships throughout the science and exploration communities;
- Provide scientific, technical, and mission-defining analyses for relevant NASA programs, planning, and space missions as requested by NASA;
- Explore innovative ways of using information technology for scientific collaboration and information dissemination across geographic boundaries;
- Train the next generation of scientific explorers through research opportunities, and encourage global public engagement through informal programs, and participatory public events.
SSERVI Science and Exploration Research
SSERVI provides scientific, technical and mission-defining analyses for relevant NASA programs, planning and space missions, including:
- The role of the Moon, Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs), Phobos & Deimos in revealing the origin and evolution of the inner Solar System
- Moon, NEA, and Martian moon investigations as windows into planetary differentiation processes
- Near-Earth asteroid characterization (including NEAs that are potential human destinations)
- Lunar structure and composition
- Regolith of Target Body(s)
- Dust and plasma interactions on Target Body(s)
- Volatiles (in its broad sense) and other potential resources on Target Body(s)
- Innovative observations that will advance our understanding of the fundamental physical laws, composition, and origins of the Universe
Organization of SSERVI
SSERVI, supported by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate and Human Exploration and Operations (HEO) Mission Directorate, is composed of an administrative office that oversees the operation of several research teams distributed across the United States and a growing number of international partners.
The SSERVI central office is located at NASA Ames Research Center, in the heart of Silicon valley. The administrative staff at the SSERVI central office forms the organizational and collaborative hub for the domestic and international teams. The SSERVI teams are supported through multiple year cooperative agreements with NASA. Interactions with our geographically dispersed teams across the U.S., and our global partners, occur easily and frequently in this environment.
Ames is known for its innovative and cost-savings approaches to space exploration, and rapid advances in technology development happen everyday in this valley. Ames Research Center is home to each of the NASA virtual institute central offices (the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI; 1998-present), the NASA Lunar Science Institute (2008-13), the NASA Aeronautics Research Institute (NARI; 2010-present) and now SSERVI. The National Research Council has strongly endorsed the virtual institute model as an effective and unique business model for forging strong scientific collaborations.
Virtual Institutes address complex, multi-faceted questions, using a Cooperative Agreement Notice (CAN) as the mechanism through which teams are funded. A CAN leverages NASA’s investment because it is a contractual obligation that requires in-kind contributions from the Principal Investigator’s institution (facilities, faculty hires, non-NASA funded labor, etc. Teams are funded for five years, providing stability for students (our future workforce), with CANs issued every 2-3 years to allow overlap between generations of institute teams. This timescale also allows quick response to any change in NASA direction. Each SSERVI CAN is developed with NASA Headquarters by the SSERVI Central Office.
The SSERVI central office is responsible for stimulating science throughout the entire community, and leveraging additional research by connecting others to the Institutes’ currently funded teams. Most notably, the central office organizes and sponsors the annual Exploration Science Forum, held at Moffett Field, California, which brings together several hundred researchers to discuss topics ranging from modeling to mission science.
SSERVI has developed a wide, diverse program for professional development that includes supporting the Next Gen Lunar Scientists and Engineers; founding LunGradCon, a dedicated science conference for graduate students; support for multiple NASA Postdoctoral Fellowships; coordinating a student exchange and training program; and holding student award competitions at the Exploration Science Forum.
The Director’s Seminar Series brings the community together via videoconferences that are archived for future reference. The Focus Groups mobilize expertise across the community on relevant topics developed at a grass roots level. The Institute’s Workshops Without Walls, held in virtual space, provides travel-free conferences with recognized leaders on topics of current interest.
SSERVI-funded publications can be found in the library or through individual team websites. Many papers are co-authored across teams, which is indicative of the effectiveness of a virtual institute in bringing together well-formed teams that find important overlaps at the intersections of their research interests. Interdisciplinary and inter-team research often results in unexpected discoveries. A special focus on the importance of public engagement can be found in the well-developed activities of each team, including several over-arching programs led by the central office.


First look video unboxing of the Canon BG-E16 battery grip for the 7D Mark II (7D2).Read More
Canon 7D Firmware 2.0 is Available for Download!
After much fanfare and anticipation, the new 2.0 firmware update for the Canon 7D is finally available. GET SOME!
Some features of the new 2.0 firmware update...
- Improved maximum burst for RAW images (up to 25)
- In-camera RAW image editing
- In-camera Image Rating
- In-camera JPEG resizing
- Maximum Auto ISO setting (ISO 400-6400)
- Manual audio level adjustment in movie recording
- GPS compatibility
- File name customisation
- Time zone settings
- Faster scrolling of magnified images
- Quick control screen during playback
What do you think of the 7D update? Post your thoughts in the comments below...


Africa is experiencing a rapid growth in internet connectivity, with an increasing number of individuals and businesses seeking reliable and high-speed wireless network access. In this article, we will explore the benefits and features of the YINUO-LINK dual band wireless USB adapter, which has gained popularity in Africa for its portable design and exceptional performance.
YINUO-LINK Dual Band Wireless USB Adapter: Unleashing High-Speed Connectivity
The YINUO-LINK dual band wireless USB adapter stands out among its competitors due to its advanced features. With support for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, it offers a combined wireless speed of AC1300 (400 Mbps on the 2.4GHz band and 867 Mbps on the 5GHz band), utilizing next-generation Wi-Fi 802.11 ac technology.
One notable feature is the ability to activate Soft AP mode, allowing users to create a Wi-Fi hotspot that other devices can connect to. Additionally, it includes a USB 3.0 extension cable (3 ft) for added convenience.
This dual band adapter ensures seamless online experiences by providing two independent bands that receive Wi-Fi signals effectively meeting all online needs. Users can choose between the 2.4GHz band for tasks such as surfing, email, and social media with a speed of up to 400Mbps or switch to the faster 5GHz band offering speeds up to 867Mbps for activities like gaming, HD streaming, and large file downloads.
Enhanced Performance with Dual Band Technology
The YINUO-LINK dual-band wireless USB adapter excels in terms of performance compared to single-band adapters commonly found in Africa’s market today. The inclusion of two independent bands ensures a more stable signal connection and provides outstanding wireless performance.
With a 2.4GHz band wireless rate of up to 400Mbps, users can experience improved connectivity and faster data transfer speeds. This is particularly beneficial for individuals or businesses that require reliable internet access for their day-to-day operations.
Expanding Connectivity Options
The YINUO-LINK dual band wireless USB adapter offers an array of connectivity options, making it compatible with various devices. Whether you are using a desktop computer, laptop, or even gaming consoles, this adapter can seamlessly connect to your device via its USB interface.
Furthermore, the compact and portable design allows users to carry the adapter anywhere they go without any hassle. It is an ideal solution for travelers or individuals who frequently move between different locations but still require high-speed internet access.
Embracing Dual Band Wireless Technology in Africa
The YINUO-LINK dual band wireless USB adapter has emerged as a game-changer in Africa’s quest for reliable and high-speed internet connectivity. Its advanced features such as dual-band support, Soft AP mode activation, and exceptional performance make it an attractive choice for both personal and professional use.
As Africa continues to embrace digital transformation across various sectors including education, healthcare, e-commerce, and entertainment; the demand for efficient network solutions like the YINUO-LINK dual band wireless USB adapter will undoubtedly continue to rise.
This trend signifies not only the growing importance of reliable internet access but also highlights how innovative products like these adapters play a crucial role in bridging the digital divide within Africa’s communities.


The Lightbug Pro can be charged via any standard Qi Wireless Charging Pad.
If you're looking to purchase a Wireless Charging Pad for your Lightbug Pro, we recommend this one from Amazon.
1. Plug your Wireless Charging Pad into a power source
2. Place the Lightbug Pro face down onto the Wireless Charging pad. Make sure you align the tracker so that the centre of the coil is directly on the centre of the charging pad. See image:
Note: The location of the charging coil is not in the centre of the tracker, so often the tracker will not charge when placed dead in the middle of the charging pad.
Caution: The LightBug Pro may get warm while charging, it is important to note that the heat is generated by the wireless charging pad rather than the tracker itself.
3. The LEDs on the Lightbug Pro will turn on while the device is charging.
4. Once the device is fully charged, the LEDs will stop flashing.
Note: Charging times vary depending on the wireless charger that is being used so it is advisable to keep your Lightbug Pro charging overnight before initial use.
If you have any additional questions about charging your Lightbug Pro, don't be afraid to reach out to us!


Project: 42W Solar street Light in Kenya
Project Location: Mombasa Kenya
Project Introduction: This solar street light was installed in Kenya. Due to the unstable power supply in Kenya, solar street light is very practical in Kenya. There is solar panel, controller, led lamp, battery, solar panel frame, footing cage, flange, wire and pole in solar light system. The brightness is quite suitable for lighting at night. Compared to AC lights, the solar street light is more worth for value. There is no need to connect to utility grid. And it is energy saving. For solar lighting system, it is not only money-saving, but it help us protect our environment.


Matias Wireless Aluminum Keyboard
Last update was on: August 23, 2018 1:48 pm
- Thin, beautifully molded keyboard, with a key shape made from real aluminum
- Rechargeable battery with very long battery life, up to 6 months or more between charging
- Wireless, with multi-pairing Bluetooth technology, allowing the keyboard to pair with up to 4 different products at the same time
- Each paired device has its own key above the number pad.
- Keyboard can be paired to a range of devices, which include: Macintosh, Computer, iOS (iPhone, iPad, iPod touch ), Android os


Would you recommend a wireless or a wired platform? This is a really common question that people are asking in regards to purchasing CCTV kits online.
However, there are plenty of advantages and disadvantages of purchasing wired and wireless CCTV kits.
Before you purchase wireless CCTV kits online (Also known as “ชุดกล้องวงจรปิดไร้สายออนไลน์ “ in the Thai language) it is advised that you weigh the positive and negative points of both sorts of closed-circuit television cameras.
Advantages of wireless cameras
These wireless devices can handle recording and monitoring events happening in distant places. With the help of the internet, you may track events happening out of range. This offers you the freedom of mobility to even additional nations.
As a result of their portability, CCTV cameras can be also be hidden to track intruders. These are not just portable but also cost-effective.
This is really majorly because you don’t require any permanent installation cost as well as it is fully wireless device there’s not mandatory for extra cabling in order to work.
Disadvantages of wireless cameras
As we know that a wireless CCTV camera employs the internet so as to transmit video data to you. The data has been uploaded into a computer system or the cloud network. This usually means that the system needs a dedicated internet network.


报告题目：Extraordinary Light-Matter Interactions in 2D Materials
报 告 人：Dr. Yuerui Lu （Associate Professor, Australian National University）
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have become very important building blocks for electronic, photonic, and phononic devices. Owing to the strong quantum confinements and defect-free surfaces, these atomically thin layers have offered us perfect platforms to investigate the interactions among photons, electrons and phonons. The unique interactions in these 2D materials are very important for both scientific research and application engineering. In this talk, I would like to briefly summarize the key findings, opportunities and challenges in this field. Next, I will highlight our recent research achievements - the demonstrations of strong light-matter interactions in 2D materials for future nano-photonic devices. In particular, we demonstrated atomically thin micro-lens using 2D MoS2, the thinnest optical component around the world, which are based on the strong elastic light-matter interactions in high-index 2D materials. Also, I would like to show the extraordinary inelastic light-matter interactions in 2D materials, taking the recently emerged phosphorene as an example. Phosphorene owns quasi-1D excitons in a 2D system. Also, we are able to precisely engineer the 0D-like excitons in air-stable monolayer phosphorene, which provides a unique platform to investigate the fundamental phenomena in the ideal 2D-1D-0D hybrid system. Finally, if time allows, I will also talk about how to trigger bi-exciton emissions at room temperature in suspended 2D materials, via environmental dielectric engineering.
Biography: Dr. Yuerui (Larry) Lu is an associate professor at Australian National University (ANU). He received his Ph.D. degree from Cornell University, the school of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He holds a B.S. degree in Applied Physics from University of Science and Technology of China. He was the recipient of Discovery Early Career Research Award (DECRA) from Australian Research Council (ARC) in 2014. Currently, he is leading the Nano-Electro-Mechanical System (NEMS) Lab at the ANU. His research interests include MEMS/NEMS sensors and actuators, nano-manufacturing technologies, renewable energy harvesting, biomedical novel devices, 2D materials and devices. (http://people.cecs.anu.edu.au/user/4950)


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- Hydrogen fuel cell technology powers warehouse logistics, drives global distribution via trucks and vans, and fuels public transportation like buses.
- Despite many applications, the adoption of hydrogen fuel cells faces challenges in storage, public perception, and infrastructure.
- WHA is actively working to overcome these obstacles for a safer and cleaner future.
Someday soon, you could step into a car that produces zero greenhouse gasses. You could blaze down the highway next to efficient buses, delivery vans, and semi-trucks that are all clean-burning. Even your office could be equipped with emergency backup generators that run not on fossil fuels, but on hydrogen fuel cell technology.
These technological marvels aren't just an optimistic vision of the future. They are all actually available right now.
Today, the world is locked in a race towards the future of clean energy. While we don't yet know which technologies will play a role, hydrogen has emerged as a clear front-runner, offering versatile options for energy production, distribution, and application.
What's In A Hydrogen Fuel Cell?
The technology behind much of this transformation is the hydrogen fuel cell, an electrochemical cell that uses the chemical energy of hydrogen to generate electricity.
In a hydrogen fuel cell, H2 hydrogen molecules are split into positively charged protons (blue) and negatively charged electrons (yellow). The protons pass through an electrolyte membrane, but the electrons must flow through an external circuit, creating electricity. Ultimately the protons, electrons, and oxygen molecules all combine to create water.
Animation courtesy of BMW.
Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) may not have received the same hype as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), but hydrogen fuel cells go beyond just cars. In fact, current storage and logistical challenges currently mean that hydrogen is often better suited for larger-scale commercial applications such as heavy-duty trucking.
Hydrogen fuel is readily available and efficiently produced as a petroleum byproduct or through electrolysis using energy generated by renewable sources. As a liquid or pressurized gas, it's relatively easy to transport and quick to refuel, bypassing the long charge times that most batteries require.
Especially as hydrogen production continues to move to renewable sources, electrolyzers and fuel cells represent a promising option for powerful, efficient, 100% clean energy storage and distribution around the world.
The Toyota Mirai is one type of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle that has already been in production for a number of years. It can be seen on the road and used by customers in California. Image courtesy of USA Today.
10 Applications Of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Now that we've covered some of the science, let's take a look at 10 practical uses for hydrogen fuel cells.
1. Warehouse Logistics
Dozens of companies with large warehouse and distribution needs are turning to hydrogen fuel cells to power clean trucks, forklifts, pallet jacks, and the like.
This shift towards hydrogen technology not only enhances productivity but also improves indoor air quality for workers and contributes to lowering the carbon footprint of the logistics industry.
2. Global Distribution
Fuel cells boast both the range and power required for long-haul trucking and local distribution. Companies like Nikola, Hyundai, Toyota, Kenworth, and UPS are already building hydrogen-powered semi-trucks and vans.
Hydrogen power is being considered for other public transportation applications, including hydrogen fuel cell buses. As of 2023, parts of Europe are increasing their usage of hydrogen-powered electric buses. The US continues to experiment with the technology, too: states including California, Nevada, and Philadelphia are developing their hydrogen bus programs.
WHA is closely involved in this particular use case – our hydrogen experts are partnering with the Sierra Northern Railway on the development of three hydrogen-powered "switching locomotives." An exciting milestone for the US in the journey to hydrogen-powered transportation!
5. Personal Vehicles
Nine of the major auto manufacturers are developing hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) for personal use. Notable models on the market or in development include the Toyota Mirai, Honda CR-V, Hyundai Nexo, and BMW iX5.
Several experimental projects like the Pathfinder and Helios prototypes have explored application of hydrogen fuel cells in aerospace. These long-range unmanned vehicles utilized a hybrid system with hydrogen fuel cells which were replenished by electrical power from solar arrays, in theory allowing for continuous day and night flight.
Commercial flights are making progress as well. Airbus, Beyond Air, and ZeroAvia are all working to have models available for test flights or commercial use by 2025.
7. Backup Power Generation
At a local level, stationary fuel cells are used as part of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, where continuous uptime is critical. Both hospitals and data centers are increasingly looking to hydrogen to meet their uninterruptible power supply needs. In 2020, Microsoft made headlines with a successful test of its new hydrogen backup generators, running one data center's servers on nothing but hydrogen for two days.
8. Mobile Power Generation
Hydrogen offers versatile options for mobile power generation. In fact, some of the earliest hydrogen fuel cells were developed by NASA to provide electricity for rockets and shuttles in space.
New applications are emerging, too: In 2022, General Motors announced plans to use hydrogen fuel cells to power mobile generators.
9. Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs)
From package delivery to search and rescue operations, many new applications of UAVs (i.e. drones) are significantly limited by the power and range provided by traditional batteries. Both military and private industry are overcoming these challenges with hydrogen fuel cells with up to three times the range of battery-based systems. Fuel cells also have a higher energy-to-mass ratio and can be refueled in a few minutes.
10. Boats And Submarines
Hydrogen fuel cells have found their way into a number of marine applications. Some boats like the Energy Observer even use onboard solar panels and wind turbines to generate their own hydrogen for a fuel cell system. For military stealth submarines like the German Type 212, hydrogen fuel cells offer an alternative to nuclear power with long-range, silent cruising, and low exhaust heat.
Toyota and Hino are currently developing a series of hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks. Image courtesy of Toyota.
Safety Challenges Posed By Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems
Before hydrogen can see widespread adoption as an alternative fuel, hydrogen must overcome several key obstacles:
Hydrogen has a relatively low volumetric energy density, meaning that it must be stored in large quantities for any practical application as a fuel. To compensate, modern transportation applications are pushing the limits of technology with higher pressures and extreme cryogenic temperatures.
Notable incidents like the Hindenburg have left their mark on the industry — despite the fact that hydrogen wasn't actually the major contributor of the incident. Although today's hydrogen applications are very different, industry will have to work diligently to correct public perception and update many local regulations that limit the use of hydrogen.
Cities, highways, airports and more will require significant infrastructure changes to accommodate hydrogen storage, transportation and refueling. Handling of hydrogen on such a large scale represents logistical challenges and fire/explosion hazards.
Coradia iLint is the first passenger train powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. In September 2022 it traveled 1,175 km (730 miles) without refueling its hydrogen tank. Image courtesy of Alstom.
WHA Supports Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology
For decades, WHA has worked with industry partners to overcome the safety challenges associated with hydrogen. Our scientists and engineers are intimately familiar with the unique risks of hydrogen, having been involved in the creation of multiple global standards.
Many of WHA's founding engineers began their careers at NASA, including WHA's Principal Chemist, Dr Harold Beeson. WHA Mechanical and Forensic Engineer, Dr. Dani Murphy, also brings a wealth of experience from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, where she was involved in research for hydrogen fuel cells and infrastructure.
What's more, WHA continues to partner with both government and private organizations to provide failure analysis, hazard analysis and design support, custom testing, and technical training for hydrogen.
For these new applications of hydrogen fuel cells to progress, industry leaders must partner with qualified hydrogen safety experts like WHA. A safer, cleaner future is waiting.
Originally published October 27th, 2020.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances.


Friday, December 12, 2008
Welcome Google Sky!
The makers of Google Earth have unleashed their latest creation: Google Sky, which is available within the newest version of Google Earth. Basically, it is just like Google Earth, but the camera is pointed to the sky. Head over to their website to see the latest features. Google Sky allows you to see planets, starts, the moon, constellations, galaxies, and the atmosphere. Using this program with an interactive whiteboard will allow students to interact with the program for a hands-on activity. Google Earth continues to add features that make it a powerful teaching tool to help students visualize the enormous size of our planet and space. Check it out!