Blog updated Feb 2023
Gaming’s a thriving industry. In 2022, the number of global gamers topped an estimated three billion. And audiences are projected to increase steadily throughout 2023 and beyond.
A growing market is good news for consumers because it drives the development of new and ground-breaking products. Which means more choice. But having more choice isn’t without its challenges.
One of the most common product-related decisions gamers face is whether to invest in a monitor or a TV for their gaming screen. Gaming platforms (PCs and consoles) are compatible with both options, so the answer isn’t obvious. Each solution comes with its own pros and cons. And, thanks to continued advances in tech, the line separating the two is becoming increasingly blurred.
So, gaming monitor vs TV…what factors should you consider when making that choice? Let’s take a look.
When it comes to screen size, gaming monitors still can’t compete with TVs - although they’re certainly edging closer.
When we first published our ‘Gaming monitor vs television’ guide in 2019 the average size for monitors was between 21 and 27 inches. Three plus years later and tech giants like Samsung, Dell and LG are raising the bar higher (and wider).
More large-screen monitors (40 to 50 inches) are being manufactured with some exceeding even that range. Currently making waves is Samsung’s next-gen, 57-inch Odyssey Neo G9 monitor, an ultrawide (32:9) upgrade on the 55-inch Odyssey Ark released in 2022.
True, these supersized screens aren’t for everyone. A more affordable and practical option, 32 inches is now considered one of the best monitor sizes for gaming. Offering more space while still preserving the 16:9 aspect ratio, it’s slowly pushing the 27-inch model out of the frame.
But 32 inches is still a long way off the average screen size for TVs. Between 60 and 75 inches has become the norm for many, with some luxury versions pushing well over 100 inches.
But when it comes to gaming on a monitor vs TV is bigger really better? In a word, no.
Some consumers, for example, choose TVs because larger screens are better suited to split-screen, multiplayer games (on a smaller, gaming monitor, finer details tend to get lost).
Some gamers prefer to sit further away from the screen to reduce eye strain and fatigue. And, for them, TVs are a better choice because they work best when viewed between 3 and 5 feet away.
Then some gamers prefer to sit closer to their screen. This group tends to find TVs and large monitors difficult to use as they can’t see the entire screen up close.
In the end, it comes down to a personal preference between visual clarity and viewing comfort.
Arguably the most important aspect of any screen is the display resolution. Higher-resolution screens have more pixels on the screen. This results in smoother gameplay and clearer picture quality. Resolution sizes usually include the following:
1080p Full HD
In terms of resolution, the big difference between a gaming monitor and a television is that TVs don’t tend to offer the popular 1440p QHD/2K option. Preferred by high volumes of gamers wanting mid-level resolution on a budget, 1400p is still the standard monitor resolution size for the average PC gamer. Yes, growing in popularity and reducing in cost, 4K TVs are starting to compete. But when it comes to resolution, Quad HD monitors appear to be standing firm.
That said, televisions rival monitors in other important aspects of image quality. High dynamic range (HDR) content demands more in terms of colour, brightness and contrast. And most mid-priced TVs offer a better range in all three of these areas. They’re also more likely to come with OLED panels or mini-LED backlights.
So far, the balance appears to be evenly split. Until you consider the technique called chroma subsampling. Designed to reduce pressure on bandwidth, chroma subsampling compresses colour information in a TV signal. A feature of many televisions, it can impact levels of sharpness and clarity, making monitors a better option for many gamers.
Gamers want a display that delivers on performance. But what does “performance” in this context actually mean? In short, it comes down to three elements: response time, refresh rate and input lag (or latency).
The response time of a display is measured in milliseconds (ms) and determines how quickly a pixel changes from one colour to another.
Low response times (1 to 4 milliseconds) equal smooth movements and better-quality images. Higher response times (up to 10 milliseconds) often result in motion blur and ghosting when pixels are slow to change from one colour to another.
Response time is closely linked to the type of panel technology used in a display. There are three types of panel technology used in gaming monitors. These include in-plane switching (IPS) panels, twisted nematic (TN) panels and vertical alignment (VA) panels.
TN panels tend to have the best response times but poorer picture quality. IPS panels are slightly slower in terms of response but have better colour performance and viewing angles. VA panels excel in terms of contrast and offer a more even balance between response times and colour reproduction.
There’s less transparency around response rates for TVs. Not designed with gaming in mind, manufacturers don’t tend to highlight this type of product information. The general perception used to be that TVs generally have a higher response time (usually over 10ms). But recent developments in OLED TVs are changing that. Given that OLED has an almost instantaneous response time, some TVs are now able to compete with monitors in this previously one-sided category. But be warned, OLED TVs are currently only available in larger (42-inch plus) sizes.
Expressed in hertz (Hz), the refresh rate of a screen is the number of times an image is refreshed every second. The higher the refresh rate, the smoother the motion on-screen. The current baseline is 60Hz and in this category, monitors have a clear edge on TVs. Most budget gaming monitors reach at least 144Hz, compared to an average of 60Hz for TVs. As we move forwards into 2023, the gap’s getting even wider. A ground-breaking 540Hz model has just been released. And, while some more up-to-date 4K TVs are now hitting 120Hz, most mid to high-end gaming monitors are peaking at 360Hz.
Also referred to as latency, input lag is the time it takes for an action performed on a keyboard or gamepad to be replicated on screen. The lower the input lag, the better the gaming experience. Historically, most gaming monitors have had a far lower latency than televisions (a few milliseconds compared to over 100 milliseconds for some of the worst-performing TVs). But television latency is on the up. Many models, such as the LG C2 OLED 4K TV released in 2022, are on par with gaming monitors in this important category.
From connectors to controllers, gaming monitors and TVs have different features and functions to offer.
When it comes to connectors, gaming monitors support a wider range of inputs. These include USB, HDMI and DisplayPort, and on older models, DVI and VGA. TVs just use HDMI inputs.
However, TVs come packed with other features that gaming monitors lack. With TVs, users can smooth out motion, dip in and out of game and HDR modes, and adjust image quality. They also come with integrated speakers and a remote control. An overlooked but game-changing addition to the user experience, a remote control allows the user to customise features and functions with ease.
What TVs can’t offer is the ergonomic sensitivity of gaming monitors. Most TVs (even high-end models) have a basic, fixed stand. This means the viewing angle is often compromised. And integrating with multiple screens isn't seamless. Gaming monitors, however, are designed to be used at a desk and in conjunction with other display units. And they all come with an adjustable stand which allows the user to alter the height, swivel, pivot and tilt the unit.
In this category, the best choice depends on how you intend to use your device. For all-or-nothing gamers, a gaming monitor offers the full package. For gamers looking for a device that offers additional entertainment options and a more integrated experience, TVs are hard to beat.
Gamers come with different expectations in terms of their “rig” (display and any other peripherals). And these expectations are usually closely linked to budget. A budget PC gamer will spend between £650 and £750 on their complete set-up, whereas the average PC gamer will spend at least double that.
Generally speaking, gaming monitors offer more high-performing gaming features in the lower price bracket than TVs. For example, the cheapest gaming monitors (£200) still come with a high (144Hz) refresh rate and adaptive sync. Televisions in the same price bracket don’t. Even “small” (42-inch plus) TVs with the right technical gaming spec are still around £1000
It’s clear there is lots to consider when making a decision about gaming on a monitor vs TV. Technical specs are changing all of the time. And there’s no permanent or obvious, one-size-fits-all answer. With detailed and up-to-date product knowledge, our experts are here to help you navigate this ever-changing landscape. So, if you need more info or simply want to talk things through, get in touch to find out more.
Chris Newark, SFD Product Manager - firstname.lastname@example.org


Problem: Our new LG G3 TV was turning off after 15 minutes when the HDMI switch is set to the Spectrum DVR. It worked fine when the HDMI switch is set to the Apple TV 4K. It seemed to be some sort of interaction between the TV and the DVR.
Googled several things. Various solutions presented. None worked.
Things we tried:
None of the above Googled solutions included multiple inputs through a switch. It turns out that the Apple TV 4K sleep timer was the issue. It was set for 15 minutes. Even though the switch box was set to the DVR, the HDMI-CEC settings of the Apple TV caused the TV to shut down when the (disconnected) Apple TV went to sleep. Somehow the Apple TV was communicating control even though the switch box was set to the DVR.


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The bigger brother of the ever popular Midas Pro1, the Midas Pro2 boasts an extra 8 input faders as well as an additional 24 input channels. The Pro2 has 64 simultaneous input channels, 27 time aligned and phase coherent mix buses making it an ideal FOH or monitor console. With its ability to recall all existing Midas Pro series show files it makes it an ideal and rider friendly console for medium to large festival stages.
The Midas Pro2 comes with the Midas DL251 digital stage rack and cat 5 reels. This gives 48 input channels and 16 output channels, however if you need extra input or output channels we can supply addition DL151’s or DL153’s.


The Fundação da Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) approved the project QuantumPrime in the call for ST&TD projects in all scientific fields.
January 1, 2021
QuantumPrime is a research project focus on the development of a generator of prime numbers based on quantum randomness.. The consortium of this project is composed by Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), namely the Optical Quantum Communications and Technologies Group (OQCT‐Av) at IT Aveiro and the Security and Quantum Information Group (SQIG‐Lx) at IT Lisbon. In this project, we are going to design and implement a high-rate quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on homodyne measurement of quantum vacuum states.The system will also include real-time post-processing algorithms to remove any possible correlation and biasing phenomenon among the generated bits. Subsequently, we are going to design a protocol to efficiently distillate large-prime numbers from the quantum random number generator output. At the end we intent to implement a service of random prime number generation in a network server to allow the large usage of these prime numbers by the scientific community and by any other entities that required large-prime numbers, generated at very high-rates with perfect randomness, which can only be provided by quantum technology.


Finding private meeting space at the office in a moment’s notice can be a challenge. So we created Illumigami: a lantern that shows you at a glance what rooms are available.
The lantern changes color based on room availability. Green when a room is available. Red when a room is occupied. Yellow when a room will soon be occupied. And Blue when a room will soon be available.
Illumigami works perfectly for ad-hoc meetings anytime you need a room fast.
Illumigami was designed to be straightforward to construct. Custom-printed circuit boards clip into place within the 3D printed plastic housing. An integrated Spark Core microcontroller connects to WiFi and strip LEDs surround the housing in a compact design. Putting the form literally over function, the housing is then covered by an Origami paper lantern or a translucent 3D printed orb.
Illumigami integrates with Graba, custom software we wrote to easily reserve conference rooms on the fly.
We’re currently loving the addition of Illumigami to the Boulder Office and are rolling it out in all meeting rooms across Viget’s three offices.


At Starling we're Dedicated to delivering Seamless AI driven care
We are a Houston, TX based digital health device company developing the next generation of medical devices with embedded sensors and artificial intelligence. Originally spun out of Rice University, our company started when collaborating with clinicians at Texas Children’s Hospital. The founders of the company connected with the clinical problem so strongly because a member of the Starling Family was born with a neurogenic bladder, and her and her family have had to deal with the issues with catheterization their entire life. As the team dove farther into the clinical problem, we realized that there not only was a large, widespread, and severely underserved clinical need that affected millions of patients worldwide, but there was a significant value proposition in preventative analytical approaches to bladder health. From there, the team decided to augment the current protocols used to diagnose UTIs in this patient population by implementing a modern AI and tech-enabled solution.


Those who engage in power electronics may be familiar with IGBT. The full name is Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, which is a composite fully-controlled power semiconductor device composed of MOS (Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor) and BJT (Bipolar Transistor). It is commonly known as the "CPU" of power electronic devices. Through a gate control signal of more than ten volts, It can realize the control of kV voltage and kA current. As a national strategic emerging industry, it is widely used in rail transit, smart grid, industrial energy saving, electric vehicles and new energy equipment.But do you really know IGBT? Today, let's discuss the turn-off process of IGBT. Before we start, let's throw a question. You can consider it. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the turn-off gate resistance of IGBT and the voltage spike: Figure 1. Relationship between IGBT turn-off overvoltage and gate resistance When the gate off resistance of IGBT is increased, the voltage spike will increase? What kind of ghost is this? Is it different from what we thought?Let's look at the relationship between the turn-off resistance and the turn-off loss of IGBT. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the turn-off resistance of IGBT has little effect on the turn-off loss.
From the above two pictures, it seems that it is not ideal to influence the turn-off characteristics of IGBT through gate resistance. However, this is the case, so is there no solution? There must be some methods, first sell a imprison son, and then we'll talk about it later!Today, let's briefly talk about the shutdown process of IGBT, and analyze the causes of the above phenomenon from the root.To understand the turn-off process of IGBT, it is necessary to briefly review the working principle of IGBT. As mentioned earlier, IGBT is a power device composed of MOS and BJT. Figure 1 shows the internal structure and equivalent circuit of NPT IGBT. We all know that IGBT is a bipolar device, that is, both electrons and holes participate in conduction. AssumIng that the electron current flowing through MOS is in and the hole current flowing through pnp transistor is Ip, the collector current IC flowing through IGBT is in+IP.
AccordIng to the working principle of the transistor, the following relationship exists between the collector current Ip and the base current in of the PNP transistor:
βpnp is the common emitter current amplification factor of the transistor, and αpnp is the common base current amplification factor of the transistor. It should be noted that the PNP transistor on the collector side of IGBT is only equivalent to PNP transistor in structure, which is far from the transistor actually used for current amplification in performance . The real transistor can amplify the current, that is, Ip>>In, while for IGBT, the electron current In is basically equal to the hole current Ip.After talking about transistors, let's talk about MOS. We all know that MOS is a voltage-controlled device. The channel current In of MOS has the following relationship with the gate voltage in the switching process: In this formula, Kp is the coefficient related to the device structure and carrier characteristics, and Vge,th are the threshold voltages.At this point, it may be a little clear to everyone that what we control the gate voltage of IGBT is actually the internal MOS, which is directly affected by the electron current In, while the hole current Ip is not directly related to the gate voltage Vge.Back to the topic, let's take a look at the turn-off process of IGBT. Usually, the turn-off process of IGBT can be divided into five stages according to its external characteristics, as shown in the following figure:
关断外特性 Stage 1(t0-t1): the gate capacitor discharges, and the gate voltage drops exponentially to the Maitreya platform voltage Vgep.
Stage 2(t1-t2): In the stage of Maitreya platform, the gate voltage is basically unchanged, and the Vgep voltage depends on the load current. The gate current charges the Maitreya capacitor, and the collector voltage rises slightly.
Stage 3(t2-t3): In the stage of rising collector voltage, the collector voltage Vce of IGBT quickly rises to the bus voltage. At the same time, the gate voltage drops from the Maitreya platform Vgep to the threshold voltage Vge,th, and the gate is completely turned off.
Stage 4(t3-t4): In the stage of collector current decreasing, the collector voltage of IGBT has risen to the bus voltage Vdc, and the diode corresponding to IGBT enters the forward conduction stage, and the load current is quickly transferred from IGBT to diode. The current of Ic drops rapidly to the trailing current, and the collector voltage has a certain voltage overshoot due to the existence of stray inductance.
Stage 5(t4-t5): Trailing current process, the speed of current decline in this stage is mainly determined by the carrier lifetime of the device.
Some people may ask why the gate is turned off when the current begins to drop. Many papers show that when the collector current of IGBT drops to 0, the gate will turn off. These figures have no problem in simply understanding the switching characteristics of IGBT. Strictly speaking, there are some problems, but let's not get too entangled. In fact, it is difficult for us to test when the gate of IGBT is turned off, because we are not studying semiconductors after all, and we don't know many parameters!
The following describes the turn-off process of IGBT from the internal mechanism level:
First, look at the distribution of internal carriers before the IGBT is turned off. Fig. 5 corresponds to the distribution of internal carriers in the IGBT before t0 in fig. 4, that is, in the on state. Here, we mainly discuss the carrier distribution in the N- base region, because the switching characteristics of IGBT are mainly affected by the carriers in the N- base region. On-state, the N- base region is full of electrons and holes, so this region can also be called Carrier Storage Region (CSR) or Plasma. During the on-state process, the electron current and hole current in the base region of IGBT are approximately 3: 1, mainly because the mobility of electrons is three times that of holes under the same conditions .
Carrier distribution before time 0 When a zero or negative bias voltage is applied to the gate of IGBT, the device enters the shutdown process. Firstly, with the decrease of gate voltage, the electron current injected from the N+ source region to the N- base region through the MOS channel gradually decreases, while the external collector current remains unchanged under the influence of the load inductance, so the electron current and hole current inside the IGBT module will deviate from their original equilibrium state. Fig. 3 depicts the change of carriers in the N- base region of IGBT at this stage, corresponding to the carrier distribution in t0-t3 in fig. 4, in which a large number of electron and hole pairs still exist in CSR region on the left side of the N- base region. On the right side of the N- base region, there is a Space Charge Region (SCR), which has no residual carriers and can also be called depletion layer. During the turn-off of IGBT, this region carries voltage, and the electron current in SCR region gradually decreases, while the hole current gradually increases.
Carrier distribution in 0-t3 period
When the gate voltage of IGBT continues to decrease to the threshold voltage Vgeth, the internal MOS conduction channel is completely turned off, and In1 is 0, which cuts off the base current of PNP transistor. The emitter of PNP transistor will no longer inject holes into the N- base region. Fig. 7 corresponds to t3 of IGBT's off-characteristic. At this time, the electron current in the space charge region is zero, and the load current is completely maintained by the hole current Ip1, while the electrons and holes in CSR region still exist.
3-hour carrier distribution
When the collector voltage Vce of IGBT rises to the bus voltage, the collector current drops rapidly, and the drop rate of IC is determined by the characteristics of the device itself, which will no longer be controlled by the gate. Fig. 8 corresponds to t3-t4 in fig. 4. After the completion of this stage, there are still a few carriers left in CSR area, and the elimination of the remaining carriers is mainly determined by their recombination rate, which appears as trailing current externally.
Carrier distribution in 3-t4 period
At this point, you may understand that whether the current drop rate of IGBT collector can be controlled by the gate depends on whether the electron current injected by MOS channel still plays a role in the IGBT current drop stage. Here we can use the formula to describe the turn-off decline rate of IGBT: It is not difficult to find out from the formula that In1 must have a certain right to speak in order to control the falling slope of collector current when it is turned off. How can we increase the proportion of MOS channel electron current?
There are two methods, one is to slow down the turn-off speed of IGBT, and the other is to inject electron current into the gate. At present, both methods have good applications in IGBT gate drive. What are the ways to slow down the shutdown speed? Of course, it is possible to increase the resistance, but the turn-off delay or loss is very large, which is not worth the loss; The other method is to adopt active drive technology, and take measures to slow down the turn-off speed of IGBT only when the current of IGBT drops. This method can achieve a good compromise between switching delay, overvoltage and loss. Domestic Feishide digital driver has this function, so those who are interested can learn about it (it's not advertising here, it's purely technical exchange)! Then how to inject current into the gate? This is what we often call collector voltage active clamping technology.
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Company Tel: +86-0755-83044319
QQ: 3518641314 Manager Li
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Address: Room 809, Block C, Zhantao Technology Building, No.1079 Minzhi Avenue, Longhua New District, Shenzhen


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Access control is a security technique that can be used to regulate who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment. There are two main types of access control: physical and logical. Physical access control limits access to campuses, buildings, rooms and physical IT assets. Logical access limits connections to computer networks, system files and data.
The four main categories of access control are:
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Non-Biometric Access Control What you have matters .
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Access control systems perform authorization identification, authentication, access approval, and accountability of entities through login credentials including passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), biometric scans, and physical or electronic keys. To address the major security concern and to overcome all the vulnerabilities in the access control system, we have innovators and engineers at Steel Grape who are constantly striving to achieve perfection. We believe that all security systems should be a smart combination of biometric and non-biometric system. A sysetm which takes into account "what you have" and moreover "who you are"!.
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Gov. Shapiro creates AI governing board to help steer the state’s use of generative artificial intelligence
Gov. Josh Shapiro on Wednesday signed an executive order to create a AI governing board for Pennsylvania that will guide the commonwealth’s use of generative artificial intelligence, including developing training programs for state employees. “We don’t want to let AI happen to us,” Shapiro said. “We want to be part of helping develop AI for […]
Why this prize-winning CMU team says experimentation will improve education
Norman Bier and John Stamper hope their award-winning tool will improve learning for students inside and outside of the university.
Carnegie Mellon gets $20M in federal funds to spark transportation safety initiative
The money will help make 'quality STEM education, training and jobs accessible for all,' U.S. Rep. Summer Lee said.
‘We need to do everything we can now’: In Pgh, students march for climate justice
The protest came as clean energy industry leaders from around the world meet in the Steel City.


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Printed circuit boards, or else referred to as PCBs, are essentially the mind or heart of every digital tool. A PCB could be considereded as the facility whereby an electronic gadget obtains its details and also carries out the tasks which it was developed for.
Printed circuit boards have actually remained in usage for over a century as well as modern PCBs have been around for over 50 years. These digital parts have literally changed the entire manner in which the globe features.
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Printed circuit boards consist of a really great part of steel that is exceptional at conducting such as copper. Copper is among one of the most typical products made use of making a circuit card. These slim and fine items of copper are engraved with the design and layout that was previously prepared by the developers. Printed circuit board layout typically includes plastic as well as having actually copper engraved right into them for optimum conductance.
There are 4 significant layers to a PCB. The top layer is the silkscreen, and this screen is what consists of all the numbers as well as letters which show up. The silkscreen is important because it helps people like us better understand what each component is made use of for and also how to utilize this specific board.
The second layer is a solder mask which helps more info to insulate everything and provides the eco-friendly tinge, followed by a slim layer of copper. The thickness of the copper layer actually varies depending upon the product as well as its demands. The last as well as bottom layer comprises the majority of the thickness and also includes the substratum. Fiberglass is a very common substrate that is utilized.
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Join the hottest startup in Utah and build technology that actually makes a difference in the world! As a BoomStartup accelerator alumni, we're well funded, and we're on target for an incredible year of revenue!
Full-Time, Salary. (Posted: Apr 21, 2017)
The ideal candidate will develop solutions in Google's Go language. Development will focus highly on backend web services and remotely deployed applications on Vutiliti devices. These devices are considered "Internet of Things" (IoT) devices running embedded Linux and are remotely updated to perform many technical and automated tasks. Software developed will interface custom electronics hardware and Vutiliti web/database stacks.
Candidate will work with other engineers and coordinate interactive and disparate systems to work in harmony. Candidate will be expected to self-educate and self-manage to deliver tasks on time, but will receive assistance from the team to develop skills and software. Solid work ethics and teamwork mentality are required. Knowledge of Scrum or Agile Development Processes is preferred. Candidate is expected to follow proper coding standards. Candidate will report to the CTO.
At Vutiliti, we don't pigeon-hole engineers. As new skills and interests develop, we encourage the engineers to grow in those areas for the mutual benefit of the engineer and company.
Vutiliti enables users (residential, commercial, government, etc.) to view their utility usage (gas, water, electric, etc.) in real-time. This helps users to become aware of utility costs, drives down utility bills, and conserves the natural resources used in utility generation. With real-time guidance and alerting, we bring utilities to the modern capabilities of the mobile and connected world to make a measurable difference on the world.
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- How to find the driver (module) associated with a device on Linux?
- 4 Answers 4
- Detecting and categorizing device drivers in a running system
- 1 Answer 1
- How do I know what drivers are installed on Ubuntu?
- How do you check driver is installed or not?
- How do you check what drivers are installed Linux?
- How do I know if I have Nvidia drivers installed Ubuntu?
- How do I fix driver is not successfully installed?
- Why are my drivers not installing?
- Does Linux automatically find drivers?
- How do I list all drivers in Linux?
- Does Linux have a device manager?
- How do I get Nvidia drivers on Ubuntu?
- How do I install drivers on Ubuntu?
- How do I know which GPU is being used Ubuntu?
- What happens if a driver is not installed?
- How do I manually install a driver?
- How do I install device drivers?
- Find out which modules are associated with a usb device?
- 4 Answers 4
- Finding the Kernel Driver(s)
- The victim device
- Method 1: Using usbutils (easy)
- Method 2: Using debugfs (requires root)
- Method 3: Using only basic utilities to read /sys directly (best for scripting or recovery)
- What about userspace (usbfs) drivers?
- How do I find out what filesystem drivers are compiled-in into the linux kernel?
- 1 Answer 1
How to find the driver (module) associated with a device on Linux?
- a device, for example /dev/sda ,
- and its major and minor numbers, for example 8, 0 ,
how can I know which module / driver is «driving» it?
Can I dig into /sys or /proc to discover that?
4 Answers 4
To get this information from sysfs for a device file, first determine the major/minor number by looking at the output of ls -l , eg
The 8, 0 tells us that major number is 8 and the minor is 0 . The b at the start of the listing also tells us that it is a block device. Other devices may have a c for character device at the start.
If you then look under /sys/dev , you will see there are two directories. One called block and one called char . The no-brainer here is that these are for block and character devices respectively. Each device is then accessible by its major/minor number is this directory. If there is a driver available for the device, it can be found by reading the target of the driver link in this or the device sub-directory. Eg, for my /dev/sda I can simply do:
This shows that the sd driver is used for the device. If you are unsure if the device is a block or character device, in the shell you could simply replace this part with a * . This works just as well:
Block devices can also be accessed directly through their name via either /sys/block or /sys/class/block . Eg:
Note that the existence of various directories in /sys may change depending on the kernel configuration. Also not all devices have a device subfolder. For example, this is the case for partition device files like /dev/sda1 . Here you have to access the device for the whole disk (unfortunately there are no sys links for this).
A final thing which can be useful to do is to list the drivers for all devices for which they are available. For this you can use globs to select all the directories in which the driver links are present. Eg:
Finally, to diverge from the question a bit, I will add another /sys glob trick to get a much broader perspective on which drivers are being used by which devices (though not necessarily those with a device file):
Looking more closely at the output of udevadm , it appears to work by finding the canonical /sys directory (as you would get if you dereferenced the major/minor directories above), then working its way up the directory tree, printing out any information that it finds. This way you get information about parent devices and any drivers they use as well.
To experiment with this I wrote the script below to walk up the directory tree and display information at each relevant level. udev seems to look for readable files at each level, with their names and contents being incorporated in ATTRS . Instead of doing this I display the contents of the uevent files at each level (seemingly the presence of this defines a distinct level rather than just a subdirectory). I also show the basename of any subsystem links I find and this showing how the device fits in this hierarchy. udevadm does not display the same information, so this is a nice complementary tool. The parent device information (eg PCI information) is also useful if you want to match the output of other tools like lshw to higher level devices.
Detecting and categorizing device drivers in a running system
How can I obtain what device drivers are incorporated in a running kernel?
More than this, how can I categorize these device drivers?
For instance, this is a Linux kernel conceptual map, from Wikipedia:
How can I distribute detected device drivers into correspondent area in the map above?
My impression is that such info could be obtained from kernel config files.
(I am not expecting answer to be in a graphical form. Textual categorization would suffice, but with the appropriate categories that can be, overall, matched to the areas in the picture.)
1 Answer 1
You can list the loaded drivers using lsmod. For example,
[root@vm bin]# lsmod Module Size Used by coretemp 13435 0 crc32_pclmul 13113 0 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 69884 0 lrw 13286 1 aesni_intel gf128mul 14951 1 lrw glue_helper 13990 1 aesni_intel ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel cryptd 20359 3 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper sg 40721 0 ppdev 17671 0 pcspkr 12718 0 vmw_balloon 13415 0 parport_pc 28165 0 parport 42348 2 ppdev,parport_pc vmw_vmci 67106 0 i2c_piix4 22106 0 shpchp 37032 0 ip_tables 27240 0 xfs 939662 3 libcrc32c 12644 1 xfs sr_mod 22416 0 cdrom 42556 1 sr_mod sd_mod 45497 3 crc_t10dif 12714 1 sd_mod ata_generic 12910 0 crct10dif_generic 12647 0 pata_acpi 13038 0 mptspi 22542 2 scsi_transport_spi 30732 1 mptspi mptscsih 40150 1 mptspi vmwgfx 176029 1 drm_kms_helper 125008 1 vmwgfx crct10dif_pclmul 14289 1 crct10dif_common 12595 3 crct10dif_pclmul,crct10dif_generic,crc_t10dif ttm 93441 1 vmwgfx crc32c_intel 22079 1 ata_piix 35038 0 drm 349210 4 ttm,drm_kms_helper,vmwgfx mptbase 105960 2 mptspi,mptscsih serio_raw 13462 0 libata 218730 3 pata_acpi,ata_generic,ata_piix vmxnet3 53833 0 i2c_core 40582 3 drm,i2c_piix4,drm_kms_helper floppy 69417 0 dm_mirror 22135 0 dm_region_hash 20862 1 dm_mirror dm_log 18411 2 dm_region_hash,dm_mirror dm_mod 113292 11 dm_log,dm_mirror
Then to further understand what each driver relates to, use modinfo
[root@vm bin]# modinfo coretemp filename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/hwmon/coretemp.ko license: GPL description: Intel Core temperature monitor author: Rudolf Marek rhelversion: 7.2 srcversion: 39EE385A7A807BDCB75C480 alias: x86cpu:vendor:0000:family:*:model:*:feature:*00E7* depends:
intree: Y vermagic: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions signer: CentOS Linux kernel signing key sig_key: 79:AD:88:6A:11:3C:A0:22:35:26:33:6C:0F:82:5B:8A:94:29:6A:B3 sig_hashalgo: sha256 parm: tjmax:TjMax value in degrees Celsius (int)
You then can use this info and categorize where each driver belongs to.
How do I know what drivers are installed on Ubuntu?
(Your device may be supported in Ubuntu with a native driver.) Use the lshw command. As explained under lshw, if there is a line saying configuration: … driver=… in the description of the wireless card, this indicates the driver is installed.
How do you check driver is installed or not?
How to determine driver version using Device Manager
- Open Start.
- Search for Device Manager and click the top result to open the experience.
- Expand the branch for the device that you want to check the driver version.
- Right-click the device and select the Properties option.
- Click the Driver tab.
How do you check what drivers are installed Linux?
Checking for the current version of driver in Linux is done by accessing a shell prompt.
- Select the Main Menu icon and click the option for “Programs.” Select the option for “System” and click the option for “Terminal.” This will open a Terminal Window or Shell Prompt.
- Type “$ lsmod” and then press the “Enter” key.
How do I know if I have Nvidia drivers installed Ubuntu?
By default, your integrated graphics card (Intel HD Graphics) is being used. Then open softare & updates program from you application menu. Click the additional drivers tab. You can see what driver is being used for Nvidia card (Nouveau by default) and a list of proprietary drivers.
How do I fix driver is not successfully installed?
Follow these steps to determine whether Device Manager can find the device and to install or reinstall the device driver as necessary:
- Step 1: Determine whether the device driver is found in Device Manager. Click Start. …
- Step 2: Uninstall and reinstall the device drivers. …
- Step 3: Use Windows Update to find a device driver.
Why are my drivers not installing?
A driver installation may fail for a number of reasons. Users may be running a program in the background that inteferes with the installation. If Windows is performing a background Windows Update, a driver installation may also fail.
Does Linux automatically find drivers?
Your Linux system should automatically detect your hardware and use the appropriate hardware drivers.
How do I list all drivers in Linux?
Under Linux use the file /proc/modules shows what kernel modules (drivers) are currently loaded into memory.
Does Linux have a device manager?
The “plug and play” manager of Linux is usually udev . udev is responsible for recognizing hardware changes, (possibly) autoloading modules, and creating nodes in /dev if needed.
How do I get Nvidia drivers on Ubuntu?
Ubuntu Linux Install Nvidia Driver
- Update your system running apt-get command.
- You can install Nvidia drivers either using GUI or CLI method.
- Open “Software and Updates” app to install install Nvidia driver using GUI.
- OR type “ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-455 ” at the CLI.
- Reboot the computer/laptop to load the drivers.
- Verify drivers are working.
How do I install drivers on Ubuntu?
Installing additional drivers in Ubuntu
- Step 1: Go to Software Settings. Go to the menu by pressing the Windows key. …
- Step 2: Check available additional drivers. Open the ‘Additional Drivers’ tab. …
- Step 3: Install the additional drivers. After the installation is complete, you will get a restart option.
How do I know which GPU is being used Ubuntu?
Ubuntu uses Intel graphics by default. If you think you made some changes to this before and you don’t remember what graphics card is being used, then go to system settings > details , and you will see the graphics card being used right now.
What happens if a driver is not installed?
What happens if a driver is not installed? If the appropriate driver is not installed, the device may not function properly, if at all. With some devices, the device may work, but all of its features may not work.
How do I manually install a driver?
This Article Applies to:
- Insert the adapter into your computer.
- Download the updated driver and extract it.
- Right click on Computer Icon, and then click Manage. …
- Open Device Manager. …
- Click Browse my computer for driver software.
- Click let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer and click Next.
How do I install device drivers?
Install drivers using Device Manager
- Press Windows key + X.
- Click Device Manager.
- Once device manager is open, select the device, right click it and click Update Driver Software. This will launch the update driver software wizard, which presents two options:
Find out which modules are associated with a usb device?
Could you recommend a way to figure out which driver is being used for a USB device. Sort of a usb equivalent of lspci -k command.
4 Answers 4
Finding the Kernel Driver(s)
The victim device
We’re going to try to find out what driver is used for the APC UPS. Note that there are two answers to this question: The driver that the kernel would use, and the driver that is currently in use. Userspace can instruct the kernel to use a different driver (and in the case of my APC UPS, nut has).
Method 1: Using usbutils (easy)
The usbutils package (on Debian, at least) includes a script called usb-devices . If you run it, it outputs information about the devices on the system, including which driver is used:
Note that this lists the current driver, not the default one. There isn’t a way to find the default one.
Method 2: Using debugfs (requires root)
If you have debugfs mounted, the kernel maintains a file in the same format as usb-devices prints out at /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices ; you can view with less , etc. Note that debugfs interfaces are not stable, so different kernel versions may print in a different format, or be missing the file entirely.
Once again, this only shows the current driver, not the default.
Method 3: Using only basic utilities to read /sys directly (best for scripting or recovery)
You can get the information out of /sys , thought its more painful than lspci . These /sys interfaces should be reasonably stable, so if you’re writing a shell script, this is probably how you want to do it.
Initially, lsusb seems to count devices from 1, /sys from 0. So 10-2 is a good guess for where to find the APC UPS lsusb gives as bus 10, device 3. Unfortunately, over time that mapping breaks down—sysfs re-uses numbers even when device numbers aren’t. The devnum file’s contents will match the device number given by lsusb, so you can do something like this:
So, in this case, it’s definitely 10-2 .
We can be sure this is the right device by cat ing a few of the files:
If you look in 10-2:1.0 ( :1 is the «configuration», .0 the interface—a single USB device can do multiple things, and have multiple drivers; lsusb -v will show these), there is a modalias file and a driver symlink:
So, the current driver is usbfs . You can find the default driver by asking modinfo about the modalias:
So, the APC UPS defaults to the hid driver, which is indeed correct. And its currently using usbfs, which is correct since nut ‘s usbhid-ups is monitoring it.
What about userspace (usbfs) drivers?
When the driver is usbfs , it basically means a userspace (non-kernel) program is functioning as the driver. Finding which program it is requires root (unless the program is running as your user) and is fairly easy: whichever program has the device file open.
We know that our «victim» device is bus 10, device 3. So the device file is /dev/bus/usb/010/003 (at least on a modern Debian), and lsof provides the answer:
And indeed, its usbhid-ups as expected (lsof truncated the command name to make the layout fit, if you need the full name, you can use ps 4951 to get it, or probably some lsof output formatting options).
How do I find out what filesystem drivers are compiled-in into the linux kernel?
On a running linux system, what is a portable (among linux distributions) way to find out what filesystems the current kernel has compiled-in (not through modules) support for?
Consider for example my current Ubuntu x86_64 kernel: 3.11.0-24-generic #41-Ubuntu . It has for instance no /proc/config.gz , which would be my first thought otherwise.
The reason I’m interested is that I’d like to (programmatically) build a rescue environment with the current kernel and an initial ramdisk that the kernel will be able to load/mount.
Is is as simple as comparing /proc/filesystems with lsmod ?
If so: Do the modules always have the exact same name (first column from lsmod output) as the filesystem name (last column in /proc/filesystems )?
Is there perhaps a more modern way such as /sys instead of /proc to look for info?
My current approach is as follows. Can someone confirm that it is correct, or advise how to do it instead?:
1 Answer 1
Is is as simple as comparing /proc/filesystems with lsmod ?
Many of these are not built into the kernel on that system. autofs is provided by a modules called autofs4 while nfs4 is provided by a module called nfs . The ext4 module provides ext2 and ext3 as well as ext4 ; fuse provides both fuseblk and fusectl . rpc_pipefs (not to be confused with pipefs ) is provided by sunrpc .


In case you missed it, in one of our previous publications we discussed troubles with wireless network coverage in Tallinn University. Such issues lead to poor user experience and may have a dramatic effect on the perception of telepresence robots in general, therefore we decided to run a series of tests. More on that below.
We decided not to include Ohmni into this experiment, as we experienced issues in far better network conditions are that that would be a waste of time.
Although this was not a quantitative experiment, and its results should be interpreted as guidelines for a more serious research at most there were some interesting findings.
The experiment was run during evening time on Friday, when Tallinn University Wi-Fi network is not overloaded and in addition to that we used three different access points:
- 5 GHz network created by 2nd generation iPhone mini with Tele2 mobile network provider
- 2.4 GHz network created by iPhone 11 Pro with Tele2 mobile network provider
- 2.4GHz and 5 GHz networks created by Zyxel LTE2566-M634 4G LTE Mobile WiFi Router (the one on the first image) with Telia mobile network provider
Not to go into details, but we found Temi to be less reliable and more prone to losing connection, however it might be partially compensated by its higher self-sustainability and using offline maps when moving.
We also found a peculiar bug that we were unable to interpret: for some reason connection to Zyxel (both 2.4 GHz and 5GHz) and iPhone 11 Pro disables network icon and menu on Double 3 robot. On the contrary, iPhone SE and local Wi-Fi do not have such effect and we never encountered it before.


Security industry need the latest trends on their job to make sure everything is carry out according to protocol. Keeping their designated patrol area safe from any incident that could occur is the top priority for security officers. As tenants will expect that their properties is safe, they also expect more from the technologies that can protect them. But what is security industry latest trends?
The security industry is seeing a new wave of innovation with technologies that can help with tracking, staffing, and much more. The newest waves of security guard technology aren’t robot security guards, but apps for handheld devices that allow guards to better track incidents, patrol routes, and so much more.
Security industry latest trend is handheld by the security officers themselves. With this, security officers can make a report, tracking and compliance in real time. This mobile patrol system allows security officers to better report on issues that occured and manage incidents. The application also allow security officers to work with real-time alert, incident report, scheduling and much more. All of those from a smartphone or tablet.
As new technologies keep coming, it is important to ensure that security agencies follow proper safety procedures before implementing new technologies to their operating. Security officers must be informed and trained before the new technologies are being implemented in the agency.
In 2020, you can see technology that integrated into security system such as
- Access control panels that use biometrics
- Smartphone to grant entry
Overall, protection will always be a main part of the security industry. It’s important to be aware of the types of technology that are keep invented. And how existing technologies are becoming more sophisticated. With all of those new technologies, security agencies should keep up with the latest trend so that their tenants can be satisfied with the security officers job.
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Security Industry New Trends


Show Me the Money: $4.15 Billion Available for Smart Grid Projects
On June 25, 2009, the Department of Energy ("DOE") issued a Funding Opportunity Announcement ("FOA") to deploy over $4.15 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ("Recovery Act") to be used to fund smart grid projects. These funds are being deployed through two FOAs. The first FOA provides $3.4 billion to support the Smart Grid Investment Grant ("SGIG") program and is related to projects that further one or more smart grid functions as listed in Section 1306(d) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ("EISA"). The second FOA provides $615 million to support the Smart Grid Demonstration Program ("SGDP") and is related to projects that demonstrate new and more cost-effective smart grid technologies.
This alert is a follow up to alerts we issued on April 211 and March 6, 2009,2 related to the notice of intent for the SGIG program and these FOAs in draft form.
Overview of DOE Smart Grid and Related Activities
The purpose of DOE's activities in the development and implementation of smart grid technologies and techniques is to further the deployment and integration of advanced digital systems that are needed to modernize the nation's electric delivery network for enhanced interoperability3
and cyber security. The application of advanced digital technologies4
are expected to greatly improve the reliability, security, interoperability, and efficiency of the electric grid while reducing environmental impacts and promoting economic growth. To realize smart grid capabilities, deployments must integrate a vast number of smart devices and systems.
One of DOE's top smart grid priorities is to work with the National Institutes of Standards and Technology and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on a framework of interoperability standards. However, as the smart grid develops and the grid becomes more interconnected, cyber-related vulnerabilities could allow for disruption of the grid. To protect against this, careful consideration should be given as to how smart grid components affect the security for the grid as a whole.
DOE is also working to further Research and Development ("R&D") activities for next-generation smart grid technologies, promote advanced components activities,5 and create a smart grid information clearinghouse and website to serve the needs of the electric power stakeholder community. On June 19 and 20, 2009, DOE's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability ("OE") held a technical workshop to identify a set of quantitative metrics for measuring progress toward smart grid implantation. The workshop results can be found here.
FOA #1: SGIG Program
Through this FOA, DOE is soliciting applications for grants for the SGIG program. The SGIG was created by Section 1306 of the EISA and later modified by the Recovery Act. The SGIG will be implemented and managed by the R&D division within OE.
The purpose of the SGIG is to promote the modernization of the nation's electric transmission and distribution systems and to promote investments in smart grid technologies. The goal of the SGIG is to accelerate the development of a modern grid that accomplishes the following:
- Enables information participation by consumers in retail and wholesale electricity markets;
- Accommodates all types of central and distributed electric generation and storage options;
- Enables new products, services, and markets;
- Provides for power quality for a range of needs by all types of consumers;
- Anticipates and responds to system disturbances; and
- Operates resiliently to attacks and natural disasters.
SGIG will fund projects that support two-way flow of both electric power and information between electric power companies and electricity customers. It is expected that SGIG projects will also enable the entire electricity supply and delivery chains to operate in a safer and more reliable, efficient, secure, and affordable manner through operational improvements in areas such as:
- Outage detection;
- Equipment maintenance;
- Asset deferral; and
- A higher level of environmental protection through increased capabilities for cost-effectively integrating renewable, energy efficient, and less carbon-intensive technologies.
Smart Grid Functions in EISA § 1306(d)
EISA § 1306(d) outlines the following as eligible projects in relation to smart grid functions:
- The ability to develop, store, send, and receive digital information concerning electricity use, costs, prices, time of use, nature of use, storage, or other information relevant to device, grid, or utility operations, to or from or by means of the electric utility system, through one or a combination of devices and technologies.
- The ability to develop, store, send, and receive digital information concerning electricity use, costs, prices, time of use, nature of use, storage, or other information relevant to device, grid, or utility operations to or from a computer or other control device.
- The ability to measure or monitor electricity use as a function of time of day, power quality characteristics such as voltage level, current, or cycles per second, or source or type of generation, and to store, synthesize, or report that information by digital means.
- The ability to sense and localize disruptions or changes in power flows on the grid and communicate such information instantaneously and automatically for purposes for enabling automatic protective responses to sustain reliability and security of grid operations.
- The ability to detect, prevent, communicate with regard to, respond to, or recover from system security threats, including cyber-security threats and terrorism, using digital information, media, and devices.
- The ability of any appliance or machine to respond to such signals, measurements, or communications automatically or in a manner programmed by its owner or operator without independent human intervention.
- The ability to use digital information to operate functionalities on the electric utility grid that were previously electro-mechanical or manual.
- The ability to use digital controls to manage and modify electricity demand, enable congestion management, assist in voltage control, provide operating reserves, and provide frequency regulation.
Funding Opportunity Announcement Information
As stated above, this FOA provides $3.4 billion for smart grid projects. DOE has divided the funds into two categories. Smaller projects will be eligible for between $300,000 and $20 million while larger projects will be awarded between $20 million and $200 million. Applicants will also have to provide 50% cost-share.
Applicants may apply for SGIG funds under the following topic areas.
- Topic Area #1: Equipment Manufacturing
This topic area will fund projects aimed at producing or purchasing smart grid systems, equipment, devices, software, or communications and control systems for modifying existing electric system equipment; building, office, commercial, or industrial equipment; consumer products and appliances; or distributed generation, demand response, or energy storage devices.
- Topic Area #2: Customer Systems
This topic area is aimed at enabling the smart grid functions listed in EISA § 1306(d) of buildings, facilities, and appliances and equipment on the customer side of the meter. This topic area will primarily involve adding smart grid functions to equipment and/or software applications. Eligible projects could be related to smart appliances and equipment, home area networks, building or facility management systems, distributed energy systems, demand response equipment, load control systems, energy storage devices, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and microgrids.
- Topic Area #3: Advanced Metering Infrastructure
This topic area is related to the installation of smart meters. Smart meters are able to measure, store, send, and receive digital information concerning electricity use, costs, prices, and time of use between power companies and customers. The smart meter data could be used for dynamic pricing, demand response, load management, billing, remote connect/disconnect, outage detection and management, and tamper detection.
- Topic Area #4: Electric Distribution Systems
This topic area is focused on adding smart grid functions to local electric distribution systems in retail electricity markets. Projects may include adding smart grid functions to existing devices, equipment, and/or software applications; distribution automation systems; supervisory control and data acquisition systems; distribution monitor, control, and optimization systems; load control systems for lowering peak demand; and electric distribution applications of distributed generation and energy storage equipment.
- Topic Area #5: Electric Transmission Systems
This topic area provides funding to projects that add smart grid functions to electric transmission systems. These projects will typically involve power delivery over long distances across several state boundaries.
- Topic Area #6: Integrated and/or Crosscutting Systems
This topic area provides funding to projects that add smart grid functions to multiple portions of the electric system. Projects eligible for this topic will tend to be large and involve equipment and/or software applications that cover two or more of the above-listed topic areas.
Applicants may be individual entities or teams of entities. Qualifying entities include:
- Electric companies, including investor-owned, municipal utilities, public utility districts, regional organizations (such as independent system operators, transmission organizations, and coordinating councils), and national-level utility organizations;
- State, county, local, or municipal government agencies;
- Universities and colleges;
- Electricity consumers (singly or aggregated together);
- Appliance manufacturers, electrical equipment manufacturers, software providers, and communications and information services providers; and
- Other private companies including but not limited to retail electricity suppliers, energy services companies, independent power producers, demand response service providers, metering service providers, project developers, electricity marketers, and consultants.
Submission Due Dates
Interested parties must submit a letter of intent to be eligible to apply for funding under this FOA. As there are three application periods under this FOA, there are three letter of intent deadlines and three corresponding application due dates.
|Letter of Intent Due Date
||Application Due Date|
|July 16, 2009
||August 6, 2009 at 8:00 p.m., Eastern|
|October 23, 2009
||November 4, 2009 at 8:00 p.m., Eastern|
|February 10, 2010
||March 3, 2010 at 8:00 p.m., Eastern|
FOA #2: The Smart Grid Demonstration
Through this FOA, DOE is soliciting applications for grants for the SGDP. The SGDP was created by EISA § 1304 and later modified by the Recovery Act.
The purpose of the SGDP is to demonstrate smart grid technologies and present suite-of-use cases for national implementation and replication of such technologies. This FOA provides $615 million (with 50% applicant cost-share) to fund such technologies over two areas of interest: (1) demonstration of unique smart grid technologies and (2) demonstration of utility-scale energy storage installations. Unlike the SGIG, SGDP applications related to smart grid can include the costs of distributed energy and storage equipment.
- Program Area of Interest #1: Smart Grid
This area of interest is related to the support of regionally unique demonstration projects to quantify smart grid costs, benefits, and cost-effectiveness; verify smart grid technology viability; and validate new smart grid business models, at a scale that can be adapted and replicated around the country. Technologies of interest include advanced digital technologies for use in planning and operations of the electric power system and the electricity markets such as microprocessor-based measurement and control, communications, computing, and information.
DOE expects to issue between eight and 12 awards under this program area of interest. Individual awards may be as high as $100 million.
- Program Area of Interest #2: Energy Storage
This area of interest is related to demonstration projects for major, utility-scale energy storage installations. Energy storage systems include advanced battery systems, ultra-capacitors, flywheels, and compressed air energy systems. Application areas include wind and photovoltaic integration with the grid, upgrade deferral of transmission and distribution assets, congestion relief, and system regulation. These projects will be used to establish costs and benefits, verify technical performance, and validate system reliability and durability, at scales that can be readily adapted and replicated across the United States.
Each of the demonstrations shall address one or more of the following objectives:
- Energy storage to improve the feasibility of microgrids or transmission and distribution capability to improve reliability in rural areas;
- Integration of an energy storage system with a self-healing grid;
- Use of energy storage to improve security to emergency response infrastructure and ensure availability of emergency backup power for consumers;
- Integration with intermittent renewable energy production, at the source or anywhere on the grid;
- Use of energy storage to provide ancillary services, such as spinning reserve services, for grid management;
- Advancement of power conversion systems to make the systems smarter, more efficient, able to communicate with other inverters, and able to control voltage;
- Use of energy storage to optimize transmission and distribution operation and power quality, which could address overloaded lines and maintenance of transformers and substations;
- Use of advanced energy storage for peak load management of residential complexes, businesses, and the grid; or
- Use of energy storage devices to store energy during nonpeak generation periods to make better use of existing grid assets.
DOE has allocated up to $210 million in funding to be divided among 12 to 19 individual awards under this program area of interest.
Applicants may be individual entities or teams of entities. Qualifying entities include state and local government agencies, institutions of higher education, and private domestic entities.
Submission Due Dates
Interested parties must submit applications by August 26, 2009 at 3:00 p.m., Eastern.
If you have questions about any of these funding opportunity announcements or other renewable energy issues, or if you would like to discuss the possibility of your project applying for these or other government funds, please contact:
David Benson at (206) 386-7584 or firstname.lastname@example.org
Janet F. Jacobs at (206) 386-7582 or email@example.com
J. Graham Noyes at (206) 386-7615 or firstname.lastname@example.org
Geoff Revelle at (206) 689-8730 or email@example.com
John Laney at (206) 386 7559 or firstname.lastname@example.org
Marcus Wood at (503) 294-9434 or email@example.com
Bill Holmes at (503) 294-9207 or firstname.lastname@example.org
Greg Jenner at (612) 373-8857 or email@example.com
John McKinsey at (916) 319-4746 or firstname.lastname@example.org
Seth Hilton at (916) 319-4749 or email@example.com
1This alert is available at http://www.stoel.com/showalert.aspx?Show=5353.
2This alert is available at http://www.stoel.com/showalert.aspx?Show=4919.
3Interoperability is the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to share and readily use information securely and effectively with little or no inconvenience to the user.
4These include microprocessor-based measurement and control, communications, computing, and information systems.
5These include new efforts in solid state systems, power electronics, and new materials for energy conversion and power flow control at transmission and distribution-level voltages.


A Guide to Dental Imaging
During the past three decades, dentistry has witnessed great advances in all its branches. Consequently, the need for more precise diagnostic tools, specifically imaging methods, has become mandatory. From the simple intraoral periapical X-rays to advanced imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography and ultrasound have also found their place in modern dentistry. Moving from analog to digital radiography has not only made the process simpler and faster, but has also made image storage, manipulation and retrieval easier. Three-dimensional imaging has made the complex craniofacial structures more accessible for examination and for the early and accurate diagnosis of conditions that range from mild to severe.
Digital X-rays are one of the most important advancements in dentistry. This technology replaces conventional X-rays, reducing the use of film, harsh chemicals and waste materials used to capture the images. Unlike traditional X-rays, digital X-rays emit less radiation. They also make it easier for our dentist to accurately and efficiently reach a diagnosis, as their processing time is faster, providing immediate results.
Intraoral cameras are used to generate images of remarkable sharpness and clarity. They have the necessary depth of view for both intra- and extraoral images, from full arch to macro views, delivering consistently clear, high-resolution images that our dentist can easily share with you, so you see what our dentist sees, helping you make an educated decision regarding treatment recommendations.
Our dentist at Family Dentistry of Yukon is experienced in the use of advanced tools and technology for the treatment and diagnosis of dental diseases.


3D Band Large LED Picture
Item: 3D Band Large LED Picture
Item Code: 6023B0
Click Here for Delivery Information and Options
An atmospheric 3D picture of three musicians playing drums, guitar and a female singer. Figures are moulded in black and set on black canvas but subtly lit from the top of the picture by three small LED lights which can be switched on or off.
Canvas size approximately 690mm x 500mm.
Battery operated, requires 3 AA batteries (not supplied).


Machine Reading, Fast and Slow: When Do Models “Understand” Language?
Two of the most fundamental challenges in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) at present are: (a) how to establish whether deep learning-based models score highly on NLU benchmarks for the `right' reasons; and (b) to understand what those reasons would even be. We investigate the behavior of reading com- prehension models with respect to two linguistic `skills': coreference resolution and comparison. We propose a definition for the reasoning steps expected from a system that would be `reading slowly', and compare that with the behavior of five models of the BERT family of various sizes, observed through saliency scores and counterfactual explanations. We find that for comparison (but not coreference) the systems based on larger encoders are more likely to rely on the `right' information, but even they struggle with generalization, sug- gesting that they still learn specific lexical patterns rather than the general principles of comparison.
Sagnik Ray Choudhury is a research fellow at the University of Michigan working on explainable information extraction. Previously, as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Copenhagen, he worked on the explainability of DNN models used in multi-hop reasoning systems, such as question-answering, fact-checking, and natural language inference. During his Ph.D. at Penn State, he worked on information extraction from scholarly figures and tables, information retrieval, and crawling.
Sagnik also worked in the industry as an NLP/ML engineer at Interactions LLC, a leading AI-based customer service automation company. He developed DNN models for large-scale entity extraction and linking, dialog systems, and sentiment classification and contributed to open-source DNN libraries.


Does the size of the Sun change over time? The answer to this question provides insight into the source of the solar cycle (cf. Sophia & Li, 2001).
A recent study by Thuillier et al. (2017) used the bright object sensor on the PICARD mission to measure the solar diameter during lunar transits. The celestial geometry of the Sun, the Moon, and the spacecraft can be calculated very precisely, and an accurate measurement of the diameter of the Sun can be determined from any such eclipse.
This project will use measurements from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-16 and GOES-17). SORCE measured eclipses for more than a full solar cycle. The GOES instruments can expand this measurement to the extreme ultraviolet, and thus measure the changes of the outer atmosphere. GOES measurements started in 2017, but will continue for many years into the future.Further Reading: Sophia, S. & Li, (2001) JGR, 106, 12969 Thuillier, G. et al. (2017) A&A, 603, A28


AN INTERACTIVE MEDIA PLATFORM MADE FOR SEAMLESS CROSS-MEDIA INTEGRATION
DOOREME is a BYOD cloud-based, software application that is digitally distributed across multiple media platforms and devices. DOOREME does not involve content production or acquisition. Instead it provides a simple, automated technology solutions platform that offers multiple revenue streams driven by fixed ad fees and traffic-based variable "Advertising and Merchandising" fees. As a patented “new class” media tech company, DOOREME’s plug-in technology can be adopted by all media operators and advertisers internationally without disrupting the current media ecosystem and existing practices.
This proprietary platform is developed with today's standard media technologies, namely HTML5, CSS3 and Java Script. It works with OTT and Smart Devices and MVPD set-top boxes and is conveniently accessible on television, PCs, mobile and movie theater screens. Its unique, intuitive and easy-to-use navigation architecture combines the power of Internet interactivity with the simplicity and convenience of television and smart devices.
The cloud infrastructure to support this technology platform is easily scalable, simple to implement and practical for a wide distribution. DOOREME can be easily managed with traditional or modern TV remote controls, tablets and smart phones or directly on touch screens. The technology platform is digitally distributed across multiple media platforms and devices:
Through MVPDs as STB middleware, who sell to advertisers and distribute to consumers
Through OTT providers and IPTV (smart) device manufacturers
Directly to consumers and DIY advertisers as a destination website or add-on app


Mathematica consists of two programs: the front-end, that provides the user interface, and the kernel, that performs of the computation tasks. These two programs communicate via the MathLink protocol, either on one computer or even across a network. It is now possible to run more than one Mathematica kernel at once. These kernels cannot only communicate with the front-end, but also with each other via MathLink. Hence, it is straight forward to distribute computations on several Mathematica kernels, thereby running Mathematica in parallel if several processors are at hand.
To facilitate the inter-kernel communication and the implementation of concurrent code, one can utilize the Parallel Toolkit add-on. We provide here a simple image processing example that runs in parallel on our Mathemaitca server bigmath.


Thursday, January 5, 2012
Sony DLP TV, KDF 50E2000
This television came to us after a voltage surge and initially the lamp, a 480 micro farad capacitor and a power supply board needed to be replaced. That was done, it was turned on and it worked. The very next day we turned on the television and viola! Nothing...so we took another look and found that the heat from the surge had warped the inside of the door panel where the switch to the lamp is. Now we have to fix that.


PIB, Nov 4
Enhanced PINAKA rocket, developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has been successfully flight tested from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha today, 04 November 2020. Development of Enhanced Pinaka system was taken up to achieve longer range performance compared to earlier design with reduced length. The design and development has been carried out by Pune based DRDO laboratories, namely Armament Research and Development Establishment, ARDE and High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, HEMRL.
A total of six rockets were launched in quick succession and the tests met complete mission objectives. Rockets tested have been manufactured by M/s Economic Explosives Limited, Nagpur, to whom the technology has been transferred. All the flight articles were tracked by Range instruments such as telemetry, radar and Electro Optical Tracking Systems which confirmed the flight performance.
Enhanced version of the Pinaka rocket would replace the existing Pinaka Mk-I rockets which are currently under production.


As technology advances, electric vehicles are becoming more popular and there is a huge growth uptake expected over the next couple of years, as the cost of purchase comes down, the charging infrastructure becomes more established and the mileage ranges of vehicles improve.
It is becoming more commonplace for both residential properties and business to become part of the EV revolution. There are three types of EV charging stations: rapid, fast, and slow. These represent the power outputs and therefore charging speeds, available to charge an EV.
Will typically charge the majority of EVs to 80% in around 30-60 minutes (depending on the EV’s battery capacity).
Will typically fully charge an EV in 3-4 hours.
Best used for overnight charging and usually can take between 6 and 12 hours for a pure-EV, or 2-4 hours for a PHEV. EVs charge on slow devices using a cable, which connects the vehicle to a 3-pin or Type 2 socket.


Best Tech for a Summer of Sport
Summer is finally upon us, and it’s time to venture outdoors and get sporty! Whether it be for sport days, an afternoon of rounders in the park with friends, or Saturdays at your nearest lido – Sony wants you to get the most out of it.
For those wanting to capture all the summer fun, the Sony RX100 VI is the perfect compact camera to immortalise all those summer memories. If you’re wanting to create an electric atmosphere outside, the PG10 Outdoor Wireless speaker will allow you to continue the party wherever you are!
If you’ve voted to enjoy this year’s sporting activities from the comfort of your own home, Sony’s XG95 and AG9 BRAVIA TVs will make it all the more difficult to find the motivation to get outside.
These are just a few of the fantastic tech available to help you enjoy a summer of sport, with more information below.
SP900 Sports Wireless Headphones
Listen completely wire-free, and now smartphone-free too, with Sony’s WF-SP900 truly wireless sports headphones – the ultimate way to listen to your music whilst exercising. The truly wireless design means you can move around freely with no constraints, and listen to your favourite tunes with the best in-ear comfort. The SP900 headphones are not only truly wireless and waterproof, they’re even resistant to salt water.
Play music from your smartphone, Walkman or with no device at all, with 4GB of internal memory built into the headphones
The SP900 headphones are not only truly wireless and waterproof, they’re even resistant to salt water
Suitable for all sports these headphones stay firmly in your ear with high stability
PG10 Outdoor Wireless Speaker
Perfect for outdoor parties and barbeques, the exciting new GTK-PG10 speaker spreads high power sound with a dedicated outdoor party mode. With the top panels open, the built-in tweeters face upwards and outwards which spreads the sound wider for outdoor parties.
The PG10 speaker spreads high power sound with a dedicated outdoor party mode
It is easy to carry so that you can party just about anywhere, with a cube shape and built-in handles
Built-in table and cup holder on a splash-proof top panel, so nothing gets in the way of your celebration
Portable DAB/DAB+ Radio
The XDR-S61D radio allows users to switch easily between stations using the 5 DAB direct pre-set buttons and 5 FM direct pre-set buttons. Set your radio to turn off or wake you up to best suit your daily routine and listen wirelessly with 4x AA batteries2, or plug in using the supplied AC adaptor.
RX100 VI Compact Camera
Sony’s RX100 VI camera is the first of all the RX100 models to include a high magnification zoom lens, yet doesn’t sacrifice the pocket-size portability, fast responsiveness and high image quality that has become the hallmark of Sony’s RX100 line-up. It’s extensive zoom, impressive image quality and versatility for both still images and video make it an ideal choice for capturing daily life, cityscapes, portraiture, sports, wildlife and everything in between.
The RX100 VI features extensive zoom, impressive image quality and versatility for both still images and video
Features an LCD that can be rotated 180 degrees upward or 90 degrees downward for a variety of shooting angles
An ideal choice for capturing daily life, cityscapes, portraiture, sports, wildlife and everything in between
α7 III with 35mm full-frame image sensor and FE 135mm F1.8 GM/ FE 24mm F1.4 GM lens
Spoil yourself with the ultimate all-round full-frame camera, the α7 III. This interchangeable lens mirrorless camera offers continuous shooting at up to 10 fps, a 24.2MP back-illuminated Exmor R™ CMOS image sensor and wide ISO range of 100 – 51,200. Silent shooting and Eye-Autofocus means you can capture the joy around you without disturbing the celebrations, making it the go-to camera for preserving summer memories for years to come. Take the ultimate family photo with an advanced lens. Make a big impression by pairing the α7 III with the SEL135F18GM or SEL24F14GM for the perfect portrait of your friends or snapshots of your sports day after-party.
Continuous Shooting at up to 10 fps with either Mechanical Shutter or Silent Shooting and full Auto Focus/Auto Exposure tracking
High Resolution 4K Movie Shooting with full pixel readout and no pixel binning across full-width of full-frame sensor
The longest rated battery life of any Mirrorless camera at 710 shots per charge
The new FE 135mm F1.8 GM offers exceptionally high resolution and exquisite bokeh
The new lens combines rapid autofocus (AF) acquisition with a lightweight, portable design
XG95 Full Array LED 4K Ultra HD Smart TV and X8500 2.1ch Dolby Atmos Sound Bar with built-in dual subwoofer
As a Full Array LED TV, the XG95 delivers cinematic contrast and brightness for more accurate detail & depth, thanks to multiple zones of LEDs positioned directly behind the screen. Combined with Sony’s X8500 Dolby Atmos Soundbar, experience cinematic surround sound from the comfort of your home.
The XG95 delivers cinematic contrast and brightness for more accurate detail & depth
The XG95 features Netflix Calibrated Mode, IMAX Enhanced, Dolby Vision™ and Dolby Atmos™ to deliver a viewing experience just as the creator intended
Integrate the X8500 soundbar into the home seamlessly, thanks to its sleek and stylish design
AG9 MASTER Series OLED 4K Ultra HD High Dynamic Range Smart TV
Sony’s new flagship 4K HDR OLED TV available in 77”, 65”, and 55” screen sizes, in a very slim form factor. Image comes to life with the precise contrast and absolute blacks of OLED technology. Over 8 million self-illuminating pixels are precisely and individually controlled by the Picture Processor X1™ Ultimate. This processor features Object-Based Super Resolution technology, which can detect and analyse individual objects within a scene and intelligently enhance the contrast, detail and colour for remarkable realism.
Acoustic Surface Audio+ provides a totally immersive sound experience with the audio coming directly from the entire screen
For the ultimate in picture quality, the AG9 pairs the brilliance of 4K clarity with the brightness, colour, and detail of High Dynamic Range
Google Assistant built-in to quickly plan the day, discover content or play TV shows, films and more.


Machine Learning | Artificial Intelligence 🇺🇸
CEO of BlueRidge.AI, a disruptive technology startup that is applying new machine learning-based approaches to innovate established production lines and processes. Former strategic NSA Artificial Intelligence leader at Fort Meade, MD. Deep hands-on experience with multi-level network security as well as AI mission application development.
“Every time you make the hard, correct decision you become a bit more courageous, and every time you make the easy, wrong decision you become a bit more cowardly” — @bentonio
В ближайшее время мы опубликуем информацию.


Introduction to Electronics (Arts & Electronics) is a course of hands-on projects and tutorials that combine low power electronic circuits and artistic crafts. The electronic circuits are generally a collection of low powered electronics that include LED lightings, sensors, flexible and sticky circuit boards, as well as simple controllers. The course projects walk the students through the process of designing and making a series of customizable projects. We use thin, light weight, and low powered electronics to craft electronics either as simple circuits or interactively onto new spaces and interfaces such as papers and clothing.
Instructor: Dr. Reza Ghaeli
Reza is a multidisciplinary professional with a proven track record in technology, engineering design, and education. He co-founded a maker lab in North Vancovuer and developed technology programs for children. Reza has taught robotics and engineering courses to children. He is also a post-secondary instructor and teach online courses in business and engineering. Reza is a Ph.D. graduate of University of Waterloo and has been living in Vancouver for over 18 years. With a lot of teaching experience and practical vision, Reza is passionate about helping children to develop interest and visions in technology.


Some references for GA on GPU. If you know of any further resources, please contact me.
 Q. Yu, C. Chen, and Z. Pan, “Parallel genetic algorithms on programmable graphics hardware,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science
3612. Springer, 2005, p. 1051.
 P. Pospichal and J. Jaros, “GPU-based Acceleratino of the Genetic Algorithm,” in Proceedings of GECCO 2009, 2009.
 A. Munawar, M. Wahib, M. Munetomo, and K. Akama, “Hybrid of genetic algorithm and local search to solve max-sat problem using NVIDIA CUDA framework,” Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, vol. 10, pp. 391–415, 2009.
 S. Debattistic, N. Marlat, L. Mussi, and S. Cagnoni, “Implementatino of a Simple Genetic Algorithm within the CUDA Architecture,” in Proceedings of GECCO 2009, 2009.
 S. Zhang and Z. He, “Implementation of parallel genetic algorithm based on cuda,” in Advances in Computation and Intelligence, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Z. Cai, Z. Li, Z. Kang, and Y. Liu, Eds. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2009, vol. 5821, pp. 24–30.
 S. Tsutsui and N. Fujimoto, “Solving quadratic assignment problems by genetic algorithms with gpu computation: a case study,” in Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference: Late Breaking Papers, ser. GECCO ’09. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009, pp. 2523–2530.
 P. Vidal and E. Alba, “A multi-gpu implementation of a cellular genetic algorithm,” in 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), July 2010, pp. 1–7.
 ——, “Cellular genetic algorithm on graphic processing units,” in Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2010), ser. Studies in Computational Intelligence, J. Gonzlez, D. Pelta, C. Cruz, G. Terrazas, and N. Krasnogor, Eds. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2010, vol. 284, pp. 223–232.
 R. Arora, R. Tulshyan, and K. Deb, “Parallelization of binary and real-coded genetic algorithms on GPU using CUDA,” in IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2010, pp. 1–8.
 N. Fujimoto and S. Tsutsui, “A highly-parallel tsp solver for a gpu computing platform,” in Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Numerical methods and applications, ser. NMA’10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2011, pp. 264–271.


Question: Does it work outside?
Answer: Yes! It has a good glow. It isn't wide, but works well!
Question: Does the tape charge in the roll, or does it have to be unrolled and charged to work?
Answer:This tape is treated with a luminous substance and glows all by itself. No charging is required.
Question: I plan to use this on my basement stairs. There is no natural light source. The only light is a light bulb. Will this work there?
Answer:This production gets its light source from other light and "stores" it. If you left the light bulb on for a bit, this tape would definitely work well on your stairs after you turned the bulb off.
Question: Is this tape compatible with LED lighting?
Answer:Yes absolutely! LED charges it longer actually.
Question: Can this be used as a reflector on a bike? Will it reflect car lights?
Answer:Yes! This tape glows in the dark and is not metallic or reflective. It glows pretty brightly for a tape though.


The nice thing about Christmas holidays is that you actually have the time to make shower thoughts a reality.
- 1 × Arduino Uno. It will also work on other Arduinos (subject to pin number changes), and should also work on other boards, as long as there are 3 digital GPIO pins that can sink ~30mA, 1 PWM output pin, and a 5V rail.
- 3 × red LEDs, 3 × yellow LEDs and 3 × green LEDs. I’m using whatever comes with the Arduino kit. It should work if it drops ~2V drawing ~10mA each. The code can be easily adapted if you want to add more colours, as long as you have three LEDs for each colour.
- 3 × 100Ω resistors. I don’t have them so I’m using two 220Ω resistors in parallel to replace each 100Ω.
- 1 × passive buzzer or speaker. I’m using a KC-1206 which came with the Arduino kit, but I’ve also tested an AST-030C0MR-R (which came with the Chaotic Oscillator kit) and a 4Ω 3” speaker (part number starts with EAS8 but the rest is illegibe due to rust) which I scavenged from an FM radio receiver.
- A breadboard and a bunch of breadboard wires.
- A power supply. I’m using USB.
A score for the song was looked up and its melody was written out as
an array of the standard pitches in
has the same length as
song and denotes the relative length of
int durationScaleFactor controls the tempo of the song.


Laser System is a combination of two (2) or more sub-systems which use Laser Technology and other technology for advanced manufacturing processes. Laser is a device that emits highly amplified and coherent radiation of discrete frequencies for several processes including but not limited to: Marking, Annealing, Ablation, Etching, Engraving, Scribing, Cutting, Drilling, Micro-machining, etc. These processes are used in development and manufacturing of aerospace, bio-medical, medical devices, semi-conductors, automotive and many other products. Laser offers consistent material processing and process control for some of the most stringent requirements.
These lasers are available in Infra-Red (IR); Green & Ultra-Violet (UV) frequencies for many specific applications. The laser sources may be Diode, Solid State or Flash-lamp


Android OS is powering almost 75% of the overall smart-phones and mobile devices. With such a huge user based connected with Android OS, it's evident to find Android app development as part of core strategy for top business, enterprises and startups. PROVAB, an award winning Android app development company, is delivering best in class Android apps to global clients.
We understand that Android is the fastest growing mobile platform, due to which the demand for Android app development is steadily increasing. At PROVAB, our objective is to create state-of- the-art android apps and enterprise wide android applications by combining skills with sheer passion. PROVAB has also been awarded as the top android development companies by Silicon India. Our team is having the requisite tools and best infrastructure to create, test and top apps. To develop Android apps, we use Android SDK, Media APIs, Location-based Service APIs, Wi-Fi APIs, security architecture, OpenGL and 3D graphics.
Android is the framework built by Open Handset Alliance & Google Inc. Android is an operating system as well as software platform. Our android app developers have expertise in developing applications for mobile and tablet device, testing in a relevant simulator. Interfacing with the phone through the SDK, we deliver android apps which can access device sensors such as camera, accelerometer, gyrometer, magnetometer, scanners, light sensors and exchange data via bluetooth or NFC - near field communication. Our expertise in android apps development is best illustrated in the apps that we have built.
Our android app development services include:
Android App Development
Android App Testing
App UI/UX designs
Android App Re-modeling
Responsive Web Design
What is the cost of online booking software for a travel agency, DMC?
If you are associated with the travel industry as a travel company, tourism development organization, resort, travel agency, consolidator or a travel adviser; you may be using travel technology solution that lends you the edge to attract/retain customers and beat competition. To set up OTA software, one needs to have a clear idea regarding the cost involved in developing a travel portal. After-all nothing comes without a cost. For every dollar that you spend in developing the travel software, you should get 10 fold back as the latest technology driven online travel booking software will drive more customers - means increase in sales & revenue.