GUIYANG -- China's second lunar probe, the Chang'e-2, will fly much faster than its predecessor and reach lunar orbit within a shorter period of time, a top Chinese space scientist told Xinhua here Friday (Sep 5th).
China is set to launch the Chang'e-2 lunar probe at the end of the year.
The country launched its first lunar probe, Chang'e-1, named after China's mythical Moon Goddess, on October 24, 2007, from southwest China's Sichuan Province. The probe ended its 16-month mission on March 1, 2009, when it crashed into the moon's surface."It is estimated Chang'e-2 can reach lunar orbit within five days, compared to 13 days, 14 hours and 19 minutes for Chang'e-1," Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist at the China Lunar Exploration Project, told Xinhua.
"China has not been to moon before the country launched Chang'e-1, so we were very prudent at that time and adjusted its orbit in a very slow manner. It flew a journey of 2.06 million km before reaching lunar orbit," he said.
"But it's different now. We are more sure about the launch," he said.
"We can send Chang'e-2 directly to the moon and we have also changed the orbit for it, so it can reach lunar orbit within five days."
In addition, Chang'e 2 will orbit 100 km closer to the moon and carry a higher resolution camera, he added.
According to China's three-phase moon exploration road map, the country will first launch the Chang'e-2 lunar orbiter. Then it will land Chang'e-3 on the moon in 2013. Then, in 2017, a moon rock sample will be returned to earth.
Chang'e-2 will test key soft-landing technologies for the Chang'e-3 and provide high-resolution photographs of the landing area, the space authorities said.
The country plans to launch its third unmanned probe to the moon, Chang'e-3, in 2013.


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Controlled nuclear fusion device, commonly known as "artificial sun", is the ultimate energy dream to illuminate the future of mankind.On September 11, the Gravity support bulk product of ITER, which was fully developed by China, was officially launched in Zunyi, Guizhou province.The equipment is one of ITER's important structural safety components, which is jointly developed by Southwest Institute of Physics of Nuclear Industry of China National Nuclear Corporation and Guizhou Aerospace Xinli Technology Co., LTD.Upon arrival at the site, it will be installed on the dewar base ring, which will not only bear the weight of the magnet system of tens of thousands of tons, but also bear the complex working conditions such as strong thermal stress, strong electromagnetic force and instantaneous load.
Luo Delong, director of the Executive Center of China International Nuclear Fusion Energy Program, Zhang Bixiang, Party Secretary of Southwest Institute of Nuclear Industry physics, And Wan Donghai, chairman and Party Secretary of Guizhou Xinli Aerospace Science and Technology Co., LTD witnessed the event.
"Artificial Sun" is the common name of controlled nuclear fusion device. The development of fusion energy is the ultimate energy dream of the global nuclear fusion people, who are running from generation to generation, committed to lighting up the future of mankind.The international thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor project is the largest and most far-reaching international scientific project in the world. China signed an official contract to join the project in 2006.
ITER is currently the world's largest experimental fusion reactor project, which is more complex and technically difficult than the large number of fission reactors that have been built and operated.ITER magnet support is one of several large procurement packages undertaken by China, which undertakes 100% manufacturing task.Gravity support products are the most complex parts with the highest manufacturing difficulty in the procurement package of magnet support.Due to its numerous components, complex assembly process and high dimensional accuracy requirements, timely delivery is related to the assembly schedule of the entire ITER device and the stability of the later experimental device.
Learned, exploring the process of nuclear fusion, the nuclear group, give full play to the main force of nuclear technology and nuclear power development in our country, adhere to the "three steps" strategy to carry out the national nuclear power, insist for a long time to fusion energy research and development, promote fusion research has achieved great progress in our country, effectively promote the position of China in the field of international fusion, on the way of human future energy exploration contribution to China's power, shows the nuclear in spirit.
The Southwest Institute of Physics of Nuclear Industry is the main undertaking unit for China to participate in ITER project. For more than a decade, it has joined hands with Aerospace And SONY to jointly tackle key problems, build high-end domestic manufacturing strength, and complete high-quality gravity support products, demonstrating the level and capability of China's high-end manufacturing.This delivery is the fifth time that NSPU has delivered magnet support products to ITER this year.All deliveries of the product will be completed by the end of this year.


There are significant and well documented issues with the small and medium unmanned drones (UAS/UAV) remote controlled & soon to be autonomous. These small/medium wing span airplanes can cross boarders flying below ground based radar that can smuggle drugs or weapons (chemical, biological, even nuclear materials) into US, across more than 10,000 miles of open borders. The security threat posed by drones is significant triggering U.S. House of Representatives subcommittee in 2004 to hear testimony regarding the threat from Dennis Gormley of the Monterey Institute of International Studies’ Center for Nonproliferation Studies.
Today’s integrated circuits are vulnerable to hardware Trojans, which are malicious alternation to the circuit, either during design, fabrication or manufacturing. Motion Matters has developed technologies and tools for detecting potential malicious/backdoor logics in hardware IP-core, toward reducing supply-chain vulnerability in embedded computing and system on chip environment. This topic solicits the development of technologies and tools which perform analysis on gate-level netlist of hardware IP-core to identify potentially malicious wires and logics, related to hardware backdoors. Compromise at hardware level is very powerful, difficult to detect and generally not addressable via software running on it. The solicited tool can be used to screen, detect and disqualify components/IP-cores which contain backdoor circuitry. Tactical computing devices often rely on the system-on-chip embedded computing hardware commonly found in embedded computing devices, often used in mobile computing and networking appliances, as the underlying processing infrastructure. Modern large and complex embedded and system-on-chip (VLSI/FPGA circuit) design often integrates large number of pre-designed components, acquired from third parties. These IP-core components are generally delivered as gate-level netlist. Currently, there is no practical way to ensure that these third party components (IP-cores) do not contain any backdoor or malicious circuitry, which can stealthily compromise the design (system) after deployment. Compromise circuitry embedded within the hardware is generally very hard to detect and defeat.
State of the art methodology for verifying VLSI design includes running unit test on the individual component, as well as performing comprehensive regression test on the full-chip (VLSI) design. However, these tests can only address functionality described in the specifications. They rarely uncover the stealthy, out-of-specification malicious logics, which can only be triggered (activated), by hidden, rare and very-specific occasions. A new approach is needed to uncover these elusive circuits. If successful, the tools developed in this PILOT POGRAM can be used to screen these third party IP-cores to ensure that they do not contain any backdoor/malicious logic. They prevent compromised IP-cores from being integrated into the design and enhance the security of the system. PHASE I: Investigate and develop creative methods, techniques for reliably discovering malicious/backdoor logics in hardware IP-core, normally delivered in the form of gate-level-netlist. Develop proof of concept prototype and identify the metrics that determine the prototype’s efficacy. PHASE II: Develop and enhance the prototype into a fully functioning tool. Demonstrate and evaluate the capability of the tool on actual (real world scale) set of benign IP-Cores and IP-cores with malicious-circuit/ backdoor. PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Inclusion of third party IP-cores is a common practice in system-on-chip design and development in private sector and in military industry. These SOCs hardware have been the backbones for embedded and mobile computing devices in the commercial sector as well as in the military uses. System-on-chip (SOC) hardware (semiconductors) is widely used in commercial application such as network appliances and mobile computing. Security and financial motive for the insertion malicious circuits exists in these applications. Commercial chip provider/manufacturers have interest for ensuring that their product is free of malicious circuits. If successful the tool developed within this PILOT POGRAM should find its market in the commercial sector as well as military sector.
Tactical hardware commonly uses system-on-chip (SoC) integrated circuits (ICs) for embedded applications. SoC designers often integrate a variety of pre-designed components acquired from third parties. These so-called IP cores are generally purchased as gate-level netlists. Currently, there is no practical way to ensure that these third-party components do not contain malicious circuitry, typically referred to as a hardware Trojan. Such illicit circuitry can compromise the integrity of the system, altering behavior, allowing backdoor entry, temporarily disabling functionality, or permanently destroying the device. Malicious hardware has two key properties that make it potentially more damaging than malicious software. First, hardware creates a more persistent attack vector. Whereas software vulnerabilities can be fixed via software updates or patches or reimaging, fixing well-crafted hardware-level vulnerabilities would require physically replacing the compromised hardware. Second, hardware is the lowest layer in the computer system, providing malicious hardware with control over the software running above. This low-level control enables sophisticated and stealthy attacks aimed at evading software-based defenses. Such an attack might use a special, or unlikely, event to trigger deeply buried malicious logic which was inserted during design. For example, attackers might introduce a sequence of bytes into the hardware that activates the malicious logic. This logic in turn might escalate privileges, turn off access control checks, or execute arbitrary instructions, providing a path for the malefactor to take control of the machine. The malicious hardware thus provides a foothold for subsequent system-level attacks.
At present, compromised circuitry embedded within an SOC is very difficult to detect and defeat. Needed is a method to prevent the threat of hardware Trojans. Toward this end, Motion Matters is pleased to propose the development of a Hardware Circuit Inspector (HCI) which will be able to analyze gate-level netlists of IP cores for malicious circuits and report the IP core as either approved, fixed or disapproved. The proposed approach is to first reverse engineering the gate-level netlist, converting it into behavioral elements and small circuits, to facilitate the analysis of the associated design logic. The HCI will then use a layered approached that includes an extensive coverage model and an innovative Unused Circuit Identification (UCI) algorithm to determine whether the IP core contains any suspicious circuitry. If necessary, such sections of the gate-level netlist will be isolated. If the presence of malicious code is confirmed, the tool will attempt to replace the malicious code either with exception or block code to neutralize the threat. The tool will also add the code’s signature to its internal database of known threats.
Modern chip design processes closely resemble software design processes. As with software, the growing complexity of hardware designs creates opportunities for hardware security to be compromised. IC designs consist of millions of lines of code and leverage pre-existing libraries, toolkits, and components. Often, these designs use open-source code and/or pre-designed subcomponents from third parties. Aggregated designs are “compiled” (synthesized) and sent to a foundry for fabrication. A typical SoC design cycle is illustrated in Figure 1. Note that the typical designer employs both secure and unsecure design elements.
Modern chip design processes closely resemble software design processes. As with software, the growing complexity of hardware designs creates opportunities for hardware security to be compromised. IC designs consist of millions of lines of code and leverage pre-existing libraries, toolkits, and components. Often, these designs use open-source code and/or pre-designed sub-components from third parties. Aggregated designs are “compiled” (synthesized) and sent to a foundry for fabrication. A typical SoC design cycle is illustrated in Figure 1. Note that the typical designer employs both secure and unsecure design elements.
A typical SoC architecture is shown in Figure 2. SoCs are widely used in automobiles, banking systems, mobile phones, computer peripherals, medical applications, communication networks and, of course, military hardware. As will be noted, a typical design includes a large number of different IP cores; variously designated in Figure 2 as CAN, USB, PWM, Serial Protocol, Timer Counter, ADC, SPI, USART, Ethernet Memories, Data Controller, Flash Programmer, Memory Controllers, Peripheral Bridge, JTAG, ARM processor, etc. In short, the entire chip can be designed by simply integrating a variety of IP cores, the majority of which are purchased by chip manufacturers from third-party vendors. These third-party IP cores represent a serious potential threat. An adversary could, for instance, create a new IP core, or modify an existing IP core, to include malicious circuitry. The adversary could then distribute or license this block to chip designers in the hope that some of them will incorporate it in their designs. If a hardware Trojan remains undetected during final design validation and verification, compromised chips will be shipped to end users and, in the case of military hardware, integrated into tactical systems.
Hardware Trojans are particularly attractive to US adversaries; because they do not require access to the resources necessary to actually fabricate a chip and insert it into a tightly-controlled supply chain. Trojans have minimal overhead and negligible collateral impact on the functionality of the system. A well-designed Trojan can be nearly invisible to any existing analysis method. It can lie dormant within the design, completely inert until it receives some activation signal. With a hardware Trojan in place, an adversary could, for example, remotely bypass encryptions, access restricted data, permanently/temporarily disable/control a device, or steal passwords.


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Chances are, you’re somewhere with an LED light near you. We’re familiar with LED lamps or light bulbs but there’s a treatment lighting up a path (*wink*) in the skincare world: LED light therapy. We break down the ins and outs of this treatment and the many benefits it brings to your skin.
Fun fact: it originates from NASA technology
Light emitting diode therapy is the use of LED lights as a treatment on the skin. Varying wavelengths of light penetrate the skin to engage the skin’s fibroblasts, which are cells within the dermis layer. NASA had originally developed this LED technology to perform plant growth experiments on space shuttle missions, later using it for chemotherapy recovery and wound treatments. It has now been adapted for treating and boosting the skin.
Red vs blue light
Red and blue LED light are both used in this form of skin treatment, and they each take care of different things. Red light targets the skin fibroblasts that take part in the production of collagen. By activating them with LED light, this aids the rejuvenation of cells. Red is known to plump up the skin, fight against signs of ageing, and boost a glowy complexion.
Blue light is commonly used to treat acne. It works by killing acne-causing bacteria under the skin’s surface, and calms the skin’s oil glands to regulate sebum production. As a result, the pores are less likely to clog up.
A safe and sound treatment
LED lights don’t emit any UV rays or heat. Direct exposure on the skin does not cause any long-term light or heat damage.
Our GLOWDROP incorporates LED technology to keep the complexion smooth and beaming. It incorporates both red and blue light to rejuvenate fine lines, calm inflammation and soothe blemishes.


Google Mars version 1.2
Mars Global Imagery KMZ for Google Earth
NASA Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Orbital Camera Digital
NASA Mars Viking Colored Mosaic, and
US Geological Survey Topographic Map of Mars
A Google Earth implementation combining surface images acquired by NASA Viking 2 (left)
and Mars Global Surveyor (center) and part of the US Geological Survey Topographic Map of
Mars (right). Please note that when using Mars imagery on Google Earth that spatial dimensions
for Mars are about 1/2 the size for Earth. Also note that Google Earth 5.0 (Build date Jan 29. 2009)
provides high-resolution imagery of Mars that supercedes this work.
The Google Mars ver 1.2.kmz file (2KB) uploads 8 tiled colored images (left), 30 tiled grayshade
images (center) and 6 tiled topographic images (right) into Google Earth to produce a seamless,
global coverage of crustal imagery and topography. The colored imagery totals 263.0 MB , the
grayshade imagery 16.9 MB, and the topographic imagery 3.0 MB, respectively. The surface
images have a 64pixels/degree (920m/pixel) resolution. The KMZ file loads into Google Earth
but doesn't upload the images until they're activated.
1) Arizona State University Mars Space Flight Facility:
Viking Merged Color
2) Marlin Space Science Systems Mars Oribiter Camera Global Mosaic 1999-2004 and
3) Marlin Space Science Systems Mars Orbiter Camera, Geodesy Campaign Mosaic 2002.
Click on the image below for a more detailed
The following is adapted from www.msss.com/mgcwg/mgm/.
The 1994-2004 mosaic was assembled from Wide Angle red images acquired in 1999 from the Mars Orbiter Camera. It's produced at 64 and 256 pixels per degree. In the initial release, all quadrangles were complete except for the polar regions (1) and (30) and areas on quads 24 through south of 60S. The south polar coverage (30) was completed in 2002 and the polar quads updated in August 2004. The band of latitude between 60S and 65S still needs to be reprocessed. Each quadrangle is in simple cylindrical projection and geographic latitude, using the same spheroid and prime meridian as that used by US Geological Survey Map of Mars MDIM 2.0 (Re = 3396.0 km, Rp = 3376.8 km, W0 = 176.7215 °). Equatorial images 8 through 23 are part of the MGS MOC Mars Digital Map, resolution of about 1 kilometer per pixel. Each quadrangle is independently contrast-enhanced and labeled with a 5-degree grid. A Google Earth view of the application is shown below including the dark band of omission.
4) US Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-282 (7.65 MB), Topographic Map of Mars
The part of the topographic map between
57oN and 57oS uses a Mercator (simple cylindrical)
projection and is suitable for use in Google Earth. The Polar regions use another map projection and are not included in this implementation.
www.impacttectonics.org rev 08/27/2009


An article in Sunday’s New York Times, “Supercomputing for the Masses”, makes many of the familiar points about cloud computing economics. Linking up resources in the cloud -- both for raw computing power and information sharing -- gives “ordinary people with a novel idea a chance to explore their curiosity … and perhaps find something new.” Dramatic discoveries happen faster when “ordinary people” have access to the resources previously available only to specialists inside their respective institutional and disciplinary silos. Of course, the specialists can also reap bigger discoveries faster when they’re able to reach across institutional and disciplinary boundaries.
And that’s the problem.
Organizations don’t like sharing information with the cloud -- and their competitors. As one scientist in the article says, “All the data that we collect in science should be accessible, and that’s just not the way it works today.”
That’s like the ERP market. Don’t expect the ones with the most knowledge -- large software vendors, software integrators and consulting firms -- to contribute any time soon to a cloud-based initiative designed to speed innovation, lower risk, and help ordinary users become much more productive. Cloud computing isn’t just about achieving technology milestones. It’s about helping smart people contribute anonymously so that their bosses won’t fire them.


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Our bioinformatics team analyzes DNA and RNA sequencing data to identify genetic variation and gene expression in the studies we conduct all over the world. We employ state-of-the-art computational tools and develop methods to analyze and efficiently store large-scale biological data.
Computational genetics & health data
Researchers in drug discovery have observed that drug targets with genetic evidence are more likely to be successful in clinical trials. Our team works to design and analyze genetic studies that support our mission of finding life-saving medicines. We work with our partners to build a phenotyping plan that reflects study aims and community input. We then translate genetic data into insights using statistical and computational approaches to provide biological insights which support novel drug target discovery and help guide target validation and early discovery efforts.
Modern genomic analysis demands robust and flexible computational resources that are scalable, efficient, and above all, secure. The Research Infrastructure team provides the tech environment that drives our research, from the laptops we use every day to the petabytes of data we process in the cloud.


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SUN One UV LED 48W innovative lamp cures all UV and LED Gels and all Semi-permanent. The peculiarity of this SunOne LED lamp is precisely the white light LEDs with a particular wavelength capable of curing both UV / LED gels and semi-permanent glazes in a very short time also, the white light does not tire the eyes even after long use. The Sun lamp is the only one that quickly catalyses even UV reconstruction gels.
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The correct appearance of this website is only
visible in graphical browsers that support
We try to ensure our content is accessible to any
browser but we recommend you
upgrade your web browser
if you can.
Browse this part of the website to learn about:
- What BitScope is, how it works, and how to use it.
- The hardware design schematics, fully annotated.
- How to program BitScope (including a detailed manual).
- What parts you need to build a BitScope.
- Some free software you can download for BitScope.
The key features of the BitScope design are:
- Simultaneous analog/digital capture
- 100 MHz sub-sampling bandwidth
- 50 Ms/s logic sample rate (max)
- 40 Ms/s analog sample rate (max)
- 20 MHz single-shot bandwidth
- 4 analog inputs (multiplexed)
- 2 inputs via BNC (buffered 1Meg)
- 2 inputs via DB25 POD
- 8 logic inputs via DB25 POD
- Two 32K x 8 capture buffers
- Sophisticated triggers (analog or digital)
- 10 MHz arbitrary waveform generator
- Fully programmable using ASCII "scripts"
- Simple virtual machine programming
- Optional A/D convertor modules
- Expansion POD for external devices
- Low cost PIC 16F628 design
- All logic in a single PLD
- 115 kb/s Serial Interface or
- 625 kb/s 10BaseT Ethernet Interface
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By Emil Wolf (ed.)
Provides 5 articles at the following themes of analysis in optics: advanced rays; homodyne detection and quantum-state reconstruction; scattering of sunshine in eikonal approximation; the orbital angular momentum of sunshine; and the optical Kerr impact and quantum optics in fibres.
Read Online or Download Progress in Optics, Volume 39 PDF
Best optics books
The exponential development of the variety of web nodes has unexpectedly created a common call for for high-speed optical and digital units, circuits, and structures. the recent optical revolution has changed modular, general-purpose development blocks by means of end-to-end ideas. higher degrees of integration on a unmarried chip permit better functionality and cheaper price.
Bridging the space among simple theoretical texts and particular process innovations, basics of Dispersive Optical Spectroscopy structures addresses the definition, layout, justification, and verification of instrumentation for optical spectroscopy, with an emphasis at the software and cognizance of the expertise.
With this self-contained and complete textual content, scholars will achieve a close realizing of the elemental options and significant ideas of photonics. Assuming just a simple historical past in optics, readers are guided via key subject matters akin to the character of optical fields, the homes of optical fabrics, and the foundations of significant photonic capabilities concerning the new release, propagation, coupling, interference, amplification, modulation, and detection of optical waves or indications.
- Optical imaging and aberrations. Part III, Wavefront analysis
- Integrated Optics
- Nonlinear Optics of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes
- The quantum world of ultra-cold atoms and light
Additional resources for Progress in Optics, Volume 39
5b) The resulting field outside the caustic therefore takes the form u = A I eik@l + A2eik@ For points inside the caustic, however, a1,2, z1,2, and a a1,2= g, f i Arccosh-, T ~ =,T ~ i m , r v1,2 = ag, f i (a Arccosh! 7) m), where Arccosh(s) = In (s + fi) , and the amplitudes A1,2 are given by A~ = ceini4(a2 - r 2 -1/4 ) , = ce-'3~'4 (a2 - y 2 -1/4 ) . 8) Contours of phase, that is, of v', correspond to radial lines, whereas the amplitude contours are concentric circles. 29 COMPLEX RAYS IN PHYSICAL PROBLEMS I , § 41 The complex rays in this case are given by x 1 , ~= x0(a1,2)+ T P ~ ~ u ) , + ~pyO(a1,2), ~ 1 .
Shin and Felsen  studied multiple reflection of Gaussian beams, and Kudou and Yokota [199I] analyzed reflection and transmission of Hermite-Gaussian beams incident on a curved dielectric layer. Norris [19861 considered the propagation of a Gaussian beam through a spherical interface. Analytic continuation of the interface into complex space is common in this work. 4. GAUSSIAN BEAMS AND COMPLEX RAYS 49 DIFFRACTION OF GAUSSIAN BEAMS The representation of a Gaussian beam as a spherical or cylindrical wave from a complex source gives an effective method for the solution of a wide class of diffraction problems.
Ik(z - ZO) + ~ The paraxial approximation converts 2(2 - zo) 44 THEORY AND APPLlCATIONS OF COMPLEX RAYS With zo = ikw; Gaussian beam: u(x, z ) = = [I, 55 i a , R is complex and eq. 3) The beam’s waist falls in the plane z = 0 where the field is proportional to exp(-x2/2w;), and a is its Rayleigh range. 5) This use of complex sources was introduced repeatedly in the late 1960’s. Kravtsov [1967a,b] showed that the 2D Gaussian beam of eq. 3) has its focus at ( x , z ) = (0,ikw;). Similarly, Deschamps [1967, 1968, 19711 and Keller and Streifer  identified eqs.
Progress in Optics, Volume 39 by Emil Wolf (ed.)


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WASHINGTON: Astronomers studying stars and black holes have discovered that heavy metals emit low-energy electrons when exposed to X-rays at specific energies – a finding they say could lead to safer and more effective cancer treatments in the future.
The finding raises the possibility that implants made of gold or platinum can allow doctors to destroy tumours with low-energy electrons, while exposing healthy tissue to far less radiation than is possible today, the researchers said.
“As astronomers, we apply basic physics and chemistry to understand what’s happening in stars. We’re very excited to apply the same knowledge to potentially treat cancer,” study author Sultana Nahar of Ohio University was quoted as saying by LiveScience.
Computer simulations by the researchers suggested that hitting a single gold or platinum atom with a small dose of X-rays at a narrow range of frequencies produces a flood of more than 20 low-energy electrons.
So doctors can embed many heavymetal nanoparticles inside and around tumours, then hit them with a tailored shot of radiation, the researchers said
The resulting electron shower can obliterate a tumour and the process would greatly reduce a patient’s radiation exposure compared to most current radiation treatment methods.
For their research, presented at the International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy held recently in Columbus, the scientists built a prototype device that showed that specific X-ray frequencies can free low-energy electrons from heavy-metal nanoparticles. While the machine needs to be developed further, it’s providing a proof of principle for the potential cancer treatment technique, the astronomers said.
“This could lead to a combination of radiation therapy with chemotherapy using platinum as the active agent.”


INTERACTION DESIGN WORKSHOPS
SUMMER COURSES 2010
MIXED REALITY ENVIRONMENTS / SITE SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS
TEACHER: ANDREAS GYSIN, www.ertdfgcvb.ch
5-6-7 May 2010
How video games would look like if the screen onto we watch them were walls, stairs and rooms?
The workshop Race! will focus on the design and the realization of prototypes of video games based on a mix of physical real-world environments and virtual computer-generated ones: the space becomes a platform for the development of new landscapes and ways of game interaction.
The workshop aims at conceiving and realizing a prototype of game through the use of architectural mapping projections and interactive systems based on the software Processing. Participants first learn how to manage traditional input devices (i.e. joystick, mouse, keyboard, and microphone) in order to develop a video game based on the format of racing games. In a second phase, a new video game of different typology and concept is developed, focusing on the design of modalities of interaction and on the visual output according to the features of the available spaces.
TEACHER: MASSIMO BANZI, www.arduino.cc
26-27-28 May 2010
he evolution of sensing and networking technologies allowed a paradigmatic change in the conception of our environment: sensible physical objects, physically interconnected, turn spaces into something smarter and active by interpreting our needs and influencing our behavior.
Making spaces talk is a workshop focused on the design of prototypes of interactive environments based on hardware/software systems that perceive, interpret, and react to the real world by providing the user with information or metaphorical, visual, and tangible experiences.
The goal of the workshop is the design and implementation of interactive environments through system based on sensors and actuators controlled by Arduino, the open-source platform for electronic prototyping. Participants will acquire methodologies and techniques for the design of an interactive spatial experience, by learning how to handle sensors and actuators through Arduino, and how to manage Arduino with the software Processing.
During the first phase of the workshop, basic notions of physical computing will be developed together with an introduction to the platform Arduino and to different typologies of sensor and actuators compatible with it. The realization of the projects will be supported by specific intermediate presentations according to the features of the prototypes proposed by participants (i.e. how to manage light, how to track movement, etc.).
SPATIAL AUDIOVISUAL INTERACTION
TEACHER: ROBERTO VITALINI, www.bashiba.com
23-24-25-26 June 2011
The design of interactive environments concerns a world apart: it means designing a world in itself, cutting it off the real world and establishing new modalities of interaction within it. It is moreover a way to challenge the perceptions of users and to encourage them to rediscover themselves and their actions.
This workshop will focus on the design of interactive environments where modalities of natural interactions contribute to immersive experiences generated by real time digital videos manipulation.
The workshop aims at developing interactive environments based on projections that respond fluidly to sound waves and users’ physical movements.
In the phase dedicated to visual programming participants will be introduced to the use of visual programming software such as Isadora (www.troikatronix.com/isadora.html), vvvv (www.vvvv.org), and Max/MSP (www.cycling74.com), which allow to manage the interaction between digital media. At this stage the real time manipulation of digital videos will be deepened.
During the phase Ambient lights, projections and sound effects, the audiovisual experience and the features of the interactive environment will be defined, i.e. by manipulating lights through a lighting system of infrared LEDs for night vision.


This project won first place at NASA Space Apps Kuala Lumpur 2018
Nasa provides (https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/) an easy way to visualize worldview GIBS data in your browser with certain layers such as carbon monoxide and dust layers that reflect pollution levels on the same map. Using worldview earth data and imagery, we can get a satellite image with added layers for the user’s location or from a specified area on a page from our app.
We then used a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to transform the input image to stylised output image. The perceptual loss function was used for training the VGG16 CNN. The CNN takes two images, where the first image is world view input image and second image is an art style (for example Van Gogh or Salvador Dali’s style). Feed forwarding these two images on trained CNN outputs the transformed image based on the selected painting style.
These images were then used to generate various custom merchandise through an easy to use interface called SKAI and intends to act as a prototype of a platform for all to share and sell their designs for earth-aware merchandise in the future!


About Wireless Network Watcher
We are blessed in a world where being connected to the web is a must at all times. Thus, the need for a wireless network. A problem with having wireless network is that you can"t keep track of those who are sharing in your network at all times. Wireless Network Watcher does that for you and more. This program not only scans and displays all those devices that are connected to your system but also information like IP address, network card manufacturer, MAC address and more of any device that is connected.
Watch over your wireless network with Wireless Network Watcher .
You can visit the Tom"s Guide for more of the Best free Windows applications including the latest news and more interesting apps .
And if you have any questions or need some help regarding any tech. issues, you may visit the Tom"s Guide forums to help you out.


Opus Indigo PowErgo Laptop stand and power manager and USB charger.
Opus Indigo ‘PowErgo’ is a unique device that solves the problems faced by a laptop user in the office and at home, with fixed table or sit/stand table. PowErgo elevates the laptop or a desktop monitor to the correct eye level, provides power connection for the laptop and USB charging points for all devices (mobile phone, webcam, speakers etc.) at a very convenient place.
When the laptop is not in use, the PowErgo shelf can be lifted out of the way. PowErgo is self-supporting, not attached to the table so the table can be cleared at any time. It is compatible with multi-use tables like a dining table.
PowErgo has 2 power sockets and 2 USB charging outlets, all in horizontal position so even oversized power adaptors do not fall out. The upturned (parked) PowErgo can carry the user’s favourite picture, the company logo, inspiring quote etc.
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Rechargeable Hearing Aids
Trust in the reliability of rechargeable. We now offer a rechargeable battery option!
With new Lithium Ion Rechargeable batteries,® you can enjoy continuous stable and uninterrupted use throughout your day. With rechargeable solutions, you can also avoid the hassle of disposable batteries.
You simply set your micro RIC 312t hearing aids on the new Lithium Ion battery charger overnight, instead of replacing your batteries every few days.
A pair of new Lithium Ion Rechargeable batteries can take the place of an estimated 200 disposable batteries. Your hearing professional can replace your new Lithium Ion Rechargeable batteries for you each year.


The European Commission’s High Level Group on AI announced the launch of a pilot project that would work on drafting ethical rules for artificial intelligence. These rules would be used in the development and application of AI technology in order to ensure that they can be implemented in practice. Read the recently released report below to learn everything about this new development and how AI in regards to ethics will impact you.
📷Quantum bit/Spencer Lowell
The challenges faced by the finance sector are becoming more complex, riskier and dangerously unpredictable (2008 financial crisis). Quantum computing is one way to possibly address these problems. It could enable financial institutions to exponentially increase the speed of transactions. With this in mind, researchers (Feb 2019) - Woener, Egger) at IBMQ have demonstrated a quantum algorithm that estimates risk, e.g. for portfolios of financial assets, resulting in a quadratic speed-up compared to classical Monte Carlo methods. This is useful ongoing research with significant future implications once the hardware (e.g more qubits) is commercially ready with many betting that could happen soon. Quantum computing is technology based on the principles of quantum theory, which explains the nature of energy and matter on the atomic and subatomic level. It relies on the existence of mind-bending quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement.
In most cultures, greeting is regarded as such an important social feature with a deep emotional and psychological effect. The Greeting Machine is a minimalist robot, with extremely limited function and features that research (Jun 2018) - Bashan, Erel et al.) shows may improve well-being by adding short, positive social encounters to everyday life. Social robots tend to be very focused on functionality. Minimal gestures however, can lead to a wider adoption of low cost and complexity non-humanoid robots. Minimal gestures can also be added to Internet Of Things (IoT) devices and home assistants adding to the social aspect of existing smart objects.
Artificially produced images of non-existent people by a GAN (generative adversarial network) following improvements in Style-based GAN Research (Dec 2018) - Karas et al. (Original GAN Research (2014) - Goodfellow et al.) This particular StyleGAN was created by Nvidia and it's official TensorFlow implementation for the named paper is available on GitHub. GAN's such as this one have the possibility of being used to create realistic 3D models for use in advertising and other branding opportunities. They also might help develop full virtual worlds using automated methods instead of hard coding.
📷 Minjoon Jung/J2MN
As an emerging technology, drone design is maturing and some manufacturers are focusing more on a minimalist customizable aesthetic approach so that the technology may become more precise, applicable and attractive for different scenarios and end users. This conceptual 'WWWing' drone is created by industrial designers J2MN and is compact, capsule-shaped and features a built in app-enabled camera for easy control from your smartphone. Attachments simply snap onto the hub allowing for versatile functionality. It is designed with minimal and simple usability for both professional and amateur users.


The system for the production of green electric power at The Food Forest comprises 30 thin-film amorphous silicon photovoltaic panels arrayed on the roof of the extension to the homestead.
- The orientation of the roof is due north and roof pitch is approx 25 degrees in order to maximise the effectiveness of the modules
- In this installation, the panels are also used to shade the northern roof face, which they virtually cover, reducing the need for super-insulation in the roof
- Each panel nominally produces 58 Watts in ideal conditions
- The total output is expected to be about 1700 Watts (1.7 kilowatts) in full summer sun
- Power produced will reduce the CO2 greenhouse emissions from conventional power production by 3 tonnes per year
Amorphous panels maintain their output better than the mono or poly-crystalline ones when temperatures become extreme and operate better in low light situations, but the huge advantage is their low environmental cost. In fact the energy used to manufacture these panels is recouped within 2 years.
The SMA 1700E Grid Connect Inverter will convert up to 2200 Watts of direct current power from the photovoltaic system (which varies but is often approx 190 volts) into alternating current at a steady 240 volts of perfect sinewave power.
It is connected to the Mains grid via a meter which is capable of monitoring how much power is being exported from the photovoltaic system to the grid and, when the energy use of the house is greater than that being produced by the PV system, how much power is used from the grid.
A display panel on the inverter oscillates from readings of the power and voltage that the system is producing right now, to what the system has produced today and then to what the system has produced in its lifetime.
The inverter can be be linked to a computer for continuous logging and data interpretation.
The system was designed and supplied by Sandy Pulsford of Adelaide-based firm Solaris Technology, one of Australia's longest established photovoltaic and wind-power specialists.
Using the energy produced
See 'The Energy Efficient Home' fact sheet for details of how we make use of the system.


Computer - Third Generation - The period of third generation was from 1965-1971. The computers of third generation used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has man.
Essay On First Generation Of Computer: ADOUTS THE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS: There are five generations of computer: First Generations computer Second Generation computer Third Generation computer Fourth Generation computer Fifth Generation computer 1.First Generation: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956). The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.These computers were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, the first computers generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.Third Generation of Computer ( 1964 to 1971 ) The third generation computers used less power and generated less heat than the second generation computers. The cost of the computer reduced significantly, as individual components of the computer were not required to be assembled manually.
Computer Generation. The history of computer is also referred with its generation. Key technology development that vitally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable devices distinguished the generation of the computer.
Many of the electronic literature genres that emerged in the first and second generations continue in the third-- such as bots, electronic poetry, videopoetry, hypertext fiction, mobile and locative works, virtual reality, augmented reality-- and are revitalized as they find new forms in the third generation with Twine games, Twitter bots, Instagram poetry, GIFS, and image macro memes.
Download Generations of Computer PPT, PDF Report: Initially, the foremost electronic computer was planned and built at the University of Pennsylvania based on vacuum tube technology to perform the logic operations as well as to store the data.Depending on the event causing a change in the technology, the computers have been divided into five types as below.
C is the latest development. All these are third generation languages. But there are also the fourth generation languages, like ORACLE, INGRESS etc. Computer can understand two types of programming languages i.e. either compiled or interpreted languages. The high level programming languages used by users are called Source Code.
Advantages Less electricity consumption. General purpose computer. Smaller in size as compared to second generation. Heat generation were rare. More reliable. Disadvantages Very advance technology was required to make the ICs. Air conditioning was required in many cases due to ICs.
The computer technology that allows us to develop three-dimensional virtual environments (VEs) consists of both hardware and software. The current popular, technical, and scientific interest in VEs is inspired, in large part, by the advent and availability of increasingly powerful and affordable visually oriented, interactive, graphical display systems and techniques.
THIRD GENERATION. The third generation computers were invented in the year 1964. In this generation of computer, IC (Integrated circuits) was used as the electronic component for computers. The development of IC gave birth to a new field of microelectronics.
Essays on Millennial Generation A millennial generation essay deals with the generations that reached adulthood in the early years of this millennium, hence, it refers to people born between the early 1980s and the mid-1990s or even the early 2000s.
Third generation (1966-1973) computer consisted of integrated circuits (IC) i. e. many transistors in single silicon chip. A single IC has many transistors, registers and capacitors built on a single thin slice of silicon. With the invention of microprocessor (1971), fourth generation of computer evolution started and present day computers are.
Each generation of computer or History of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
Your status of a first generation college student provides you with a unique set of experiences and voice to share when writing an application essay. Furthermore, a college campus is a very boring place to study and live if students have the same backgrounds.
Computer Evolution Essay. First generation computer consisted of vacuum tubes and they were used from 1943-1958.. Third generation (1966-1973) computer consisted of integrated circuits (IC) i. e. many transistors in single silicon chip. A single IC has many transistors.
And third generation platforms have begun. This year’s essay published by Kevin Kelly called it Mirrorworld. I heard various stories about “3”, but I’m most convinced that I want to write.
There is no universal consensus on whether to use first-generation or second-generation to describe an immigrant.Because of this, the best advice on generational designations, if you must use them, is to tread carefully and realize that the terminology is imprecise, often ambiguous, and usually important to individuals and families in some capacity.


- Is Sub Ohm vaping safe?
- What ohms are safe for Mech Mods?
- Why does my vape burn my throat?
- Is 80 ohm or 250 ohm better?
- Are 600 ohm headphones better?
- Does higher ohms mean better sound?
- What wattage should I vape 0.2 ohm?
- Is sub ohm direct lung?
- What voltage should I vape at?
- What wattage should I vape at 0.6 ohm?
- How do I know if my coil is bad in my vape?
- Are lower ohms better for speakers?
- Is more or less ohms better for subwoofers?
- How do I clean my vape?
- What wattage should I vape 0.15 ohm?
- What does Ohm resistance mean?
- How do ohms affect Vaping?
- Is 8 ohms better than 16 ohms?
- Is a 4 ohm speaker better than an 8 ohm speaker?
- Why is my vape not working?
- Does vaping kill your taste buds?
Is Sub Ohm vaping safe?
A little awareness of the basics of sub ohm safety can go a long way.
Even the simplest mods have the potential for serious consequences if used incorrectly.
In order to sub ohm safely make sure to be diligent and extremely careful when using any sub ohm device.
Other than that, enjoy chasing the clouds..
What ohms are safe for Mech Mods?
You can use other battery types but always take into account the difference in Voltage and Amp levels.3.7 V / 0.1 Ohm = 37A Required (UNSAFE TO USE)3.7 V / 0.2 Ohm = 18.5A Required (SAFE TO USE)3.7V / 0.3 Ohm = 12.3A Required (SAFE TO USE)
Why does my vape burn my throat?
Dry hit, when the juice isn’t transferred to the atomizer coil, causes a burning hit. Increasing power with a mod increases the temperature, which causes a stronger throat hit. Stronger flavors will provide a strong throat hit, while smoother flavors weaken the hit.
Is 80 ohm or 250 ohm better?
The 80 ohm version is more for monitoring and fun listening use, and the 250 ohm version is better for critical listening applications. Often, the 80 ohm version is cited as having more bass…and this is true. … A similar quality of bass is still present on the 250 Ohm model, but the highs are more harsh and strident.
Are 600 ohm headphones better?
The high-impedance versions sound more transparent and clearer, bass definition is better, and the soundstage is more spacious. … The lower moving mass of the 250- and 600-ohm headphones’ voice coils is lighter than the 32-ohm models, and the lower mass is part of the reason high-impedance headphones sound better.
Does higher ohms mean better sound?
So yes, higher the ohms better the sound experience; that is dependent on if you’re using the appropriate amp to provide the required power, 100 ohms headphones plugged into a laptop will not get you the experience you expected, as most laptops support an impedance of only up to 32 ohms.
What wattage should I vape 0.2 ohm?
30-150WThe recommended wattage for the 0.2ohm is 30-150W!
Is sub ohm direct lung?
Direct-to-lung vaping, often referred to as DTL vaping, is an inhalation style commonly used with sub ohm e-cigarettes and e-liquids. This is a very different style of inhalation to the ‘mouth-to-lung’ method used when smoking traditional cigarettes and roll-ups and, as such, it can take some getting used to.
What voltage should I vape at?
(The ideal range for most oil carts is 3.3-3.8 volts.) Many of the newer cartridges utilize ceramic-based coils that can handle more voltage without burning out. Some will require more voltage to achieve a satisfying puff. Check the best 510 thread batteries to see other devices available for vaping cartridges.
What wattage should I vape at 0.6 ohm?
I found the 0.6-ohm best around 12 watts and the 0.4-ohm best around 25 watts. I used 70/30 3 mg juice in the 0.4-ohm coil and the flavor was good, but the nicotine was low for my tolerance as I’m used to vaping 3 mg at 100+ watts. But that’s a personal thing, and the flavor was good for a 25-watt coil.
How do I know if my coil is bad in my vape?
Signs it’s time to change your vape coilA burning taste. Vaping a dead coil will eventually result in an acrid, burning taste. … Gurgling sounds. Vapes shouldn’t gurgle. … Weak or “off” e-Juice flavor. This often precedes a burnt taste. … Low vapor production. The vapor produced by your coil will gradually lessen with time.
Are lower ohms better for speakers?
All speakers have an impedance rating in ohms, which represents how difficult the speaker is to power. The lower the impedance, the more efficiently it allows the electric signal, which is basically the music, to pass through the speaker.
Is more or less ohms better for subwoofers?
A larger Ohm rating equals a greater load impedance. A higher impedance load will result in less amplifier output for that impedance, for example an amplifier will output more power at 2 ohms than at 4 ohms. Amps can generally be safely wired at 4 or 2 ohms and some even at 1 ohm depending on their design.
How do I clean my vape?
How to Clean a Vape TankFill a bowl with warm water.Detach tank from mod.Dispose of any e-liquid remaining in the tank.Completely disassemble your tank.Place tank components into bowl.Wash tank components in water until clean. … Dry off each component with a paper towel.Let stand and air dry for 10-15 minutes.More items…•
What wattage should I vape 0.15 ohm?
For the 0.15 ohm GT4 coils, used on Vaporesso’s NRG tank, for example, the recommended wattage is 45 and 65W. 45 to 65W is still a fairly broad range, so it will be up to you to find what works best within these limits.
What does Ohm resistance mean?
The ohm is defined as an electrical resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of one volt, applied to these points, produces in the conductor a current of one ampere, the conductor not being the seat of any electromotive force.
How do ohms affect Vaping?
Ohms are units of resistance. The lower the resistance of your atomizer, the larger the amount of current flowing through it. If you increase resistance, the atomizer receives less current.
Is 8 ohms better than 16 ohms?
Generally, any perceived difference might be that the 16-ohm speaker could be a bit brighter. Also, just to clarify the speaker installations in the cabinets in question, the Mesa, having a total impedance of 8 ohms, more than likely uses two 16-ohm speakers wired in parallel.
Is a 4 ohm speaker better than an 8 ohm speaker?
You’ll get four times the power because the power is voltage times current (2 x 2 = 4). A lower impedance speaker will accept more power. For example, a 4 ohm speaker will extract more power from your amplifier than a 8 ohm speaker, about twice as much. … There are two ways to connect speakers, series and parallel.
Why is my vape not working?
Inspect the battery contact; it may be clogged or coated. If this occurs, wipe the contact portion with a Q-tip soaked in rubbing alcohol, let the terminal dry, reconnect your cartridge to the battery and try it again. Do NOT overtighten your cartridge. Make sure your battery is turned on and fully charged.
Does vaping kill your taste buds?
Vape juice ingredients can coat the tongue so taste buds can’t receive flavor signals. Compared to vape-related symptoms like a chronic cough, trouble breathing, and nausea, vape tongue is a lesser-discussed side effect, perhaps because it typically resolves on its own.


Registration is complimentary for all ICIS members and interested members must register by May 10 for access.
Non-members are welcome to attend for a small fee.
Registration now open!
During this 2.5 hour workshop, we will have demonstrations from Mangold Interact, Datavyu, and Elan. Researchers who routinely use the observational coding software will provide specific demonstrations of the efficacy of the tools for research.
Pascal Mangold will demonstrate how INTERACT can be used to collect sequential data and Dr. Bakeman proceeds how GSEQ can be used to modify data once collected.
Dr. Soska will demonstrate new transcription features of Datavyu and how they map onto behavioral codes.
Dr. Bidgood will give an overview of how to use ELAN to code language interaction patterns.
There will be plenty of time for Q&A and information regarding how to follow up and start using each of these tools.
Rachel Barr, Georgetown University
Georgia State University
Observation seems to be a simple skill. But it is not, as everyone knows who tried to collect and analyze such data in short time. Pascal Mangold shows that data collection is just the tip of the iceberg. It really gets interesting when data was collected efficiently and effectively using the right tools, methods, and procedures. Because only then smart analysis on such data can be applied. This will be demonstrated by showing some features of the INTERACT software. In addition, Roger Bakeman will show further data modification and analysis options with the GSEQ software.
University of Salford
Amy will demonstrate some of the features that make ELAN a flexible tool to work with, its compatibility with other programs, and useful features for working with multiple coders. Amy will focus on the coding of video files for features of interaction that often overlap, such as speech from different participants, gesture, and play behaviours.
Founder and CEO of Mangold International, and developer of the Mangold INTERACT video analysis software. Pascal Mangold’s current research focuses on the visual and interactive analysis of observation research data. If rare phenomena are examined or if for other reasons only small amounts of observation data are available, the application of classical analysis methods can be difficult or even impossible. But even small amounts of data can contain interesting, yet hidden information. Pascal Mangold’s ambition is to provide the user with methods and tools to make such information visible.
New York University
Datavyu—part of the Databrary suite of tools—is a free, open-source video-coding and transcription desktop software that works on Mac and PC. Kasey will demonstrate best practices in using Datavyu to transcribe and seamlessly link speech events to video. Kasey will show how additional behavioral codes can easily build on transcripts, and how to automate error-checking, reliability, analysis, export, and more using Datavyu scripts. Datavyu offers free personalized support on coding, script-writing, and technical issues by their team of behavioral researchers.


Still no consumer edition. But here are the features found in the enterprise version.
A rep from The Verge said:
"It’s more comfortable, it has a much larger field of view, and it’s better able to detect real physical objects in the room. It features new components like the Azure Kinect sensor, an ARM processor, eye-tracking sensors, and an entirely different display system."
"It has a couple of speakers, the visor flips up, and it can see what your hands are doing more accurately than before. There’s an 8-megapixel front-facing camera for video conferencing, it’s capable of full 6 degrees of tracking, and it also uses USB-C to charge."
https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/24/1823 ... s-mwc-2019


The 8260, a world's first!
In December 2021, Dremel launched the first smart brushless rotary tool. This revolutionary tool is part of their newest portfolio of cordless tools developed in collaboration with us.
Sharing elements with their most powerful corded rotary tools, the 8260 serves as a new standard for the brand's connected products. A smart brushless rotary tool that connects you with what really matters: the unlimited joy of creation.
Cutting the cord and replacing it with independent battery power and connectivity - that was the name of the game.


Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||High temperature arsenic doping of CdHgTe epitaxial layers|
|Citation:||High temperature arsenic doping of CdHgTe epitaxial layers / A. Vlasov, V. Bogoboyashchyy, O. Bonchyk, A. Barcz // Cryst. Res. Technol. – 2004. – Vol. 39, N 1. – P. 11–22. (Scopus)|
|Abstract:||Experimental results on solid-state arsenic doping of the n-type bulk and ISOVPE epitaxial CdXHg1-XTe (X = 0.19÷0.3) alloys are presented. The arsenic doped thin epitaxial CdxHg1-xTe films (nAs ≈ 5⋅1016÷1⋅1020 cm-3; d =2÷5 μm) obtained by RF sputtering in a mercury glow discharge were used as As diffusion sources. The arsenic diffusion and activation were carried out at temperatures Т = 500÷600°С under Hg vapour pressure. Immediately after the high temperature treatment all samples were annealed to annihilate point defects. The SIMS analysis was used for determination of the quantitative admixture distribution of As in the diffusion area. The arsenic electrical activity has been evaluated by means of differential Hall, resistivity and thermoemf measurements. The analysis of experimental data obtained as well as their comparison with previously obtained results has been performed.|
|Appears in Collections:||Наукові праці професорсько-викладацького складу ЛДУФК в базах даних Scopus, WoS, Tomson Reuters|
Files in This Item:
|High temperature arsenic dopingVlasov3.pdf||251.42 kB||Adobe PDF||View/Open|
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


How to Choose Computer Mouse?
There are lots of different styles of the mouse, so choose wisely:
- if you use a computer office or work you should go for an ergonomic mouse.
- If you spend most of your time playing video games, invest in a good gaming mouse
- if you are a graphic designer, invest in a digital drawing pad
- if you are traveling and need a portable mouse that can fit your laptop case
Let’s break down different categories of uses of the mouse:
Gaming Mouse – You spend a lot of time in front of the computer monitor using a mouse as a game controller, so gaming mice are a perfect choice as it does not strain your fingers and is perfect for use that lasts long hours.
Ergonomic Mice – Mice that are designed to fit your hand better with additional buttons you can add shortcuts to avoid extra clicks, but would cost you a little extra.
Compact Mouse is small wireless, if you are always on the road and value the space that components take up in your travel laptop bag, you may not be ergonomics but will perform all the functions just as well as a basic computer mouse.
Computer Mouse comes with a different type of connection technology so let’s break it down:
- Hard Wired USB
- Wireless Radio Radio Frequency – The mouse uses radio frequencies to send and receive a motion to a receiver plugged into the PC.
- Bluetooth – The Bluetooth mice use the 2.4GHz radio frequency to communicate with a receiver or other Bluetooth adaptors. Bluetooth Mouse can operate multiple devices such as mobile phones, supporting TVs, and more devices.
Extra features – Many mice offer basic functionality. Some are extra transportable for use with a netbook PC. Some are designed for multi-tasking and provide an integrated flash memory card reader. Then, others look cool. But in conclusion, Selecting an appropriately designed mise to fit your needs, palm shape, computer connection, and is most important is an ergonomically designed mouse that can help you do what you need to do daily your computer.


MSc in Systems and Services Engineering for the Information Society (MSSEIS)
This Master's degree is TERMINATED since 2022/2023 academic course.
Read the Termination plan approved by the ETSIST School Board.
This Official Master’s Degree aims to provide students with the advanced necessary knowledge towards any professional or research position related to the areas of Information Society, ICT and Telecommunications technologies, systems, applications and services.
To get a general overview on this Master's programme, please download the:
MASTER'S LEAFLET (.PDF)
Shortcuts to some information about the current academic year:
Who can benefit from this Master?
MSSEIS is mainly intended for Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) engineers and graduates who wish either to achieve further specialization in their professional activity or to obtain the training on research necessary to follow a doctorate program. It serves both a professional and an academic/research objective, and all its teachers have plenty of experience in the technical areas included in the subjects.
What is taught in this Master?
This Master tackles these four crucial technological areas which are, all of them, at the core of modern mobile and ubiquitous systems:
Wireless communication technologies used in the latest generations of mobile systems.
Communication electronics related to the advanced digital architectures found in embedded systems.
Telematics present in Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks.
Signal processing necessary to transmit audio and video information through the network.
What language is used, where and when do classes take place?
The language of instruction is English, and the classes take place at the School of Telecommunications Systems and Engineering of the Technical University of Madrid, located in the South Campus of UPM (how to get here), during the afternoons.
You can navigate through the different menus to learn more about specific aspects of the programme.


NSF EPSCoR Kansas Center for Solar Energy Research
To pull together skills and talents in biology, chemistry, physics and engineering to enable fundamental research that addresses the challenges in developing renewable energy with scope and complexity that would not be possible with the standard individual investigators or small research groups.
The Kansas Center for Solar Energy Research is an interdisciplinary team of 29 researchers from The University of Kansas, Wichita State University, and Kansas State University. Our researchers come from the fields of physics, engineering, chemistry, and biology.
We investigate the utilization of solar energy in four themes; nanoscale energy capture and catalysis, solar electric energy conversion, conversion of biomass into biofuels, and holistic systems design.
The world is quickly approaching the point where we demand more energy than we can produce. Before we reach that critical point, we must find ways to power our society in an environmentally friendly fashion.
June 13, 2010
The NSF EPSCoR Kansas Center for Solar Energy Research program review was held in Lawrence, KS. 29 research groups from our three participating universities attended.See more here.
Dec 18, 2009
The website for The NSF EPSCoR Kansas Center for Solar Energy Research is open.


Wireless makes the Internet of Things (IoT) possible and Murata wireless innovations help make your new IoT
products a reality.
We are in the forefront of wearable computing, intelligent homes, smart cars, digital health and fitness, machine-
to-machine (M2M) commercial and industrial applications, and so much more.
Whether you are an RF engineer building your own circuit, an electronics engineer embedding wireless into
applications, or an applications developer or systems integrator building a platform, Murata offers a variety of
conectivity solutions to meet your needs.


Do you still remember the performance presented by Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee at the closing ceremony of Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics? The performance featured two impressive black technologies: smart ice screens with perspective display and graphene heated apparel. Graphene, seemingly advanced technology, is actually widely used as clothing material at first.
1. What is graphene?
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional crystal. Two British physicists were awarded the Noble Prize in Physics in 2010 for the isolation and preparation of graphene. By far, graphene is believed to be the thinnest, strongest, lightest and the most flexible nanophase material.
Graphene is the best conductor of heat and electricity, a better material for barrier, and an ultra-thin, strong and stable material with better magnetism and transparency. Simply speaking, it is stronger than diamond, lower in electric resistance than silver and the best conductor of electricity and heat. Another notable property of graphene is that it is almost transparent, just like a piece of paper. Magic or not? It’s self-evident!
2. Why can graphene be used for heating?
As we said before, grapheme is the best conductor of electricity. When the positive and negative poles of the graphene heating film are charged, carbon molecules in the film begin to produce phonons, ions and electrons, and the motions (known as Brownian Motion) and fluctuations of carbon molecule groups generate heat. The heat is in turn emitted in a flat and even manner by limiting the wavelength of far infrared ray to 5-14 micrometers, which can be easily absorbed by human body, with the total effective heating conversion rate being as high as 99%. Moreover, due to grapheme’s superconductivity, the stability of the heating performance can be ensured.
In other words, grapheme is used as a carrier for the generation of heat, which is more effective than any known materials in the market. The heat generated can be easier to be absorbed by human body through controlling the radiation wavelength, and it can even offer physiotherapeutic effects (infrared ray physiotherapy). In the future, solar energy is likely to be used to generate thermal energy.
3. Is grapheme heating reliable?
For the time being, grapheme can only convert electricity to thermal energy. As a result, all kinds of grapheme heated products need electricity to work, making it necessary to take a portable power bank.
Unlike traditional electric resistance heating, grapheme is safer, and can still work in the event of being partially broken. Some grapheme apparel is advertised as being water washable because of its hydrophobicity. Since the producer is so confident about their products that you can wash it without worry.
However, due to the high cost of grapheme, plenty of products in the market are not necessarily use it as heating modules. Instead, manufactures use carbon fiber or nanometer, or even cheaper traditional wired heating chips. Among the three choices, carbon fiber is the most commonly used one because of its relatively low cost and more resemblance to grapheme in properties. However, carbon fiber has a fatal shortcoming: once it is bent and broken, electric resistance in the broken part will be reduced by dozens of times, which may lead to high temperature, scald, and even fire.


The Combined Optimization and Layered Design (COLD) Algorithm is used to synthesise data network topologies.
It uses a Genetic Algorithm to optimise the PoP-level structure of a network, then uses Generalised Graph Products to synthesise a router level network.
The code can be found at GitHub
The main paper on the topic is COLD: PoP-level Network Topology Synthesis, R. Bowden, M. Roughan, and N. Bean, 10th ACM International on Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), Pages 173-184, Sydney, Australia, December 2014.
There is a page for it as well, but it doesn’t have much more information at the moment. But the plan is to extend this generator in the future.


Hello Space is a small game or rather rendering tech demo I created with a fellow student in a pratical course in university. It is a two-player split-screen space shooter, written from scratch in C++ and OpenGL.
As the final project of this course, we had to implement one graphics programming topic. My contribution was the particle system, which is completely computed on the GPU. This is used for propulsion fire, rocket fire and explosions. The initial parameters of the particles are written into a compute buffer by the CPU. This buffer is then read by a compute shader on the GPU and the further simulation of the particle is completely executed on the GPU. The particles are then also drawn directly on the GPU using indirect rendering. This way several million particles can be simulated and drawn simultaneously.


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TAPEMYDAY was formed in 2008 when two entrepreneurs decided to join forces in order to create a fully automated video system that would track, trace, capture and edit the full experience of a theme park visit – they believed that this would be a unique and much sought-after solution. They were proven right by the overwhelming interest in the product when it was first introduced at IAAPA Orlando 2010. Since then, this market demand has been phenomenal.
With over 50 years of combined experience in the fields of precision engineering, software development and the leisure industry, the current team is now uniquely placed to fulfill the attractions demands. TAPEMYDAY is proud to be able to offer a tried and tested technology that is at the forefront of the industry.


HYBRID PI MODEL OF CE AMPLIFIER EPUB
Amplifiers: transistors biased in the flat-part of the i-v curves. – BJT: forward-active . The hybrid-pi small-signal model is the intrinsic representation of the. BJT. Its value is equal to the parallel combination of resistance Rc and RL. Since hfe of a transistor is a positive number, therefore Ai of a common emitter amplifier is. amplifier circuit described in Reference (22) where the biasing is achieved by using a . The basic seven element, common emitter hybrid pi model is described.
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This figure of merit predicts the unity power gain frequency and as a result indicates the maximum frequency at which useful power gain can be expected from a device.
The maximum oscillation frequency, fMAX, is linked to the transit frequency, fT, and is obtained from: The total base resistance consists of the series connection of metal-semiconductor contact resistance, the resistance between the base contact metal and the hybrid pi model of ce amplifier and the intrinsic base resistance.
Assuming a base contact, which is longer than the penetration depth this base resistance equals 5.
Hybrid-pi model - Wikipedia
Ls,E is the emitter stripe length of the emitter, Ws,E is the emitter stripe width of the emitter and DL is the alignment distance between the base contact and emitter. For a double-sided base contact, the total base resistance equals 5.
Diffusion capacitance of emitter base junction is directly proportional to emitter bias current and forward base transit time. Forward transit time is defined as the average time the minority carrier spends in base.
Bipolar Junction Transistors
CC represents the transition or space charge capacitance of base collector junction. High frequency model parameters of a BJT in terms hybrid pi model of ce amplifier low frequency hybrid parameters The main advantage of high frequency model is that this model can be simplified to obtain low frequency model of BJT.
A basic, low-frequency hybrid-pi model for the bipolar transistor is shown in the figure.
This three-terminal model can be viewed as a y-parameter two-port networkas shown in the next figure. However, to qualify as a port, current into and out of the two terminals of a port must be the same. To meet this requirement, a mathematical artifice is introduced of splitting of the emitter current into separate base and collector currents, which does not correspond to any physical phenomenon.
Where can I find good books for the hybrid pi model for BJT amplifiers? - Quora
The various parameters are as follows. At K an approximation to room temperature: Here is the Q-point base current.
This is a parameter specific to each transistor, and can be found on a datasheet; is a function of the choice of collector current.


Gefen EXT-UHD600A-88 - The New 4K UHD 600MHz 8x8 Matrix with HDMI 2.0a and HDCP 2.2 support.The Gefen EXT-UHD600A-88 can route up to eight 4K sources to eight 4K displays, the new matrix accommodates the full 18 Gbps bandwidth of the HDMI 2.0a specification, and supports all 4K timings and Chroma subsampling formats, up to 60 Hz 4:4:4. This means features such as HDR and all aspects of Rec. 2020 are also supported. The Gefen 8x8 Matrix goes beyond the requirements of typical 4K systems, delivering stunning Ultra HD and DCI/Cinema picture up to 4096 x 2160 pixels at 60 frames per second without subsampling colour.
Recognizing that audio is just as important as video, the EXT-UHD600A-88 features analogue and digital audio outputs that breakout the audio stream from each HDMI source into 2 channel analog, 2 channel PCM, and up to 5.1 channel Bitstream. This allows the de-embedded audio content to be sent to external amplifiers and music distribution systems for added impact in bars, restaurants, clubs, venues, and corporate offices. In addition, highest performance multichannel digital audio including 7.1 channels of LPCM and High Bit Rate digital audio formats, such as Dolby Atmos®, Dolby® TrueHD, DTS:X™, and DTS-HD Master Audio™ are passed through from the sources to the HDMI outputs.
A comprehensive API facilitates enhanced functionality with third-party control systems, creating exciting interface possibilities.
This matrix has been designed to work with the Gefen Syner-G™ software to simplify initial IP configuration and EDID Management. Each source can be routed to any or all displays, using the front-panel push buttons or the included handheld IR Remote Control. The matrix can also be controlled via RS-232, Telnet, UDP, and Gefen’s intuitive and easy-to-use web server interface. An easy-to-read, super-bright OLED front panel display indicates routing status and IP settings. The Gefen EXT-UHD600A-88 matrix features a 2U tall, rack-mountable enclosure that can also be placed on a shelf. It accommodates Gefen locking HDMI cables to ensure secure connections.
The Gefen EXT-UHD600A-88 matrix features a 2U tall, rack-mountable enclosure that can also be placed on a shelf. It accommodates Gefen locking HDMI cables to ensure secure connections.
Gefen EXT-UHD600A-88 Features at a Glance
- Routes eight 4K sources to eight 4K displays
- Supports resolutions up to 4K Cinema-DCI (4096 x 2160 up to 60 Hz, 4:4:4), 4K Ultra HD (3860 x 2160 up to 60 Hz, 4:4:4) with HDR, 1080p Full HD, and WUXGA (1920x1200)
- Supports HDCP 2.2 and 1.4
- Supports HDR (High Dynamic Range) 10-bit Deep Color at 4K 60 Hz 4:2:0 and 4K 24 Hz 4:4:4
- Supports 12-bit Deep Color at 1080p Full HD (60 Hz 4:4:4)
- 3DTV pass-through
- Lip Sync pass-through
- EDID Management for rapid integration of source and displays
- Supports uncompressed LPCM digital audio up to 7.1 channels
- Supports up to 7.1 channels of HBR (High Bit Rate) digital audio including Dolby Atmos®, Dolby® TrueHD, DTS:X™, and DTS-HD Master Audio™
- Supports the use of DVI sources and DVI displays up to 1080p Full HD and WUXGA (1920x1200), with Gefen CAB-DVI2-HDMI-LCK DVI-to-HDMI cables (not included)
- Built-in Audio De-Embedders break out 2 channel analog, 2 channel PCM, and up to 5.1 channels of Bitstream digital audio from each HDMI output, allowing the audio content to be sent to external amplifiers and music distribution systems for added impact.
- Enhanced API facilitates added functionality with third-party control systems.
- Easy-to-read, super-bright OLED front panel display indicates routing status and IP settings
- Locking power connector
- Push button controls for Routing and Status
- RS-232 Serial control interface for use with a third-party controller
- IP control via Telnet, UDP, and the built-in web server interface
- IR remote control
- Gefen Syner-G™ software simplifies initial IP configuration and EDID Management
- Field-updatable firmware via web server interface
- 2 U tall enclosure
- Removable rack ears come pre-installed
- Can be placed on a shelf or mounted in a standard 19-inch wide rack


Aborn Air Purifier
Aborn Air Purifier is a portable air purifier with plasma ionizer technology that removes viruses in places such as offices, homes or cars, performs deodorization and strong anti-bacterial functions under almost little ozone emission.
Aborn Air Purifier deodorizes and purifies the air by easily clipping onto the car’s air vent. The air will get ionized using the car’s air-vent’s air flow, and thy removing odorous airborne particles. It’s conveniently powered by a micro USB port which can be connected the USB port of the car or a power bank.
Aborn Air Purifier is a portable air purifier with plasma ionizer technology that removes harmful viruses such as Corona from places like offices, homes or cars, performs deodorization and strong anti-bacterial functions under almost little ozone emission.
- Zero maintenance
- 20,000 driving hrs
Stylish contour design
30% enhanced performance
3 reviews for Aborn Air Purifier
5.00 out of 5 stars
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may write a review.
Extremely effective air purifier which neutralise bad odour and smell nicely, it also kills Covid 19 Corona virus which is very much required in these times. Pricing is also excellent and best compared to other options in the market.
Simon Kamboj (verified owner) –


Your 2D Sketches To 3D Prints
by Rick Companje of the FabLab Amersfoort Company
The Doodle3D software enables you to make 2D sketches to then be Printed with your 3D Printer. Rick Companje’s idea was that he wanted to create a software that would allow anyone who could use a pencil be able to bring their sketches to life with a 3D Printer. The Doodle3D by Rick Companje is not to be confused with the 3Doodler Pen by Wobble Works. The Doodle3D will work from your computer, smartphone, or tablet device as it works through the web browser of the device; it isn’t software alone, it comes with a WiFi enabled box that wirelessly connects the device you are using the software on to your 3D Printer for an immediate Print whether using your computer or mobile device without a computer. The software is actually fed to your device from the WiFi enabled box, image of the box is at the very top of this post. Shipping of the Doodle3D unit and software is expected in September 2013 and will cost approximately $110USD, not including possible customs charges for customers outside of the Netherlands as well as shipping charges. You can pre-order your Doodle3D here. Watch the product video below.


Comparison of Samsung Galaxy Pocket and Samsung Galaxy Pocket 2 based on specifications, reviews and ratings.
Samsung Galaxy Pocket Neo best price is Rs. 3,299 as on 14th June 2020. See full specifications, expert reviews, user ratings, and more. Compare Samsung Galaxy Pocket Neo prices before buying online.
The Samsung Galaxy Pocket (GT-S5300) is an Android smartphone manufactured by Samsung that was announced in March 2012. The handset is budget-oriented, sporting a relatively small 2.8-inch LCD. Its specifications are similar to that of the Samsung Galaxy Y.The Pocket is powered by an 832 MHz processor and offers a set of connectivity options including 3G, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 3.0.
And then use iLike Samsung Galaxy Data Recovery Pro software to retrieve contacts, messages, contacts, pictures, video and more from your Samsung Galaxy internal memory and SD card. All Popular Samsung Galaxy Phones and Tablets are supported.
Samsung officially announced the Galaxy Pocket Neo and Galaxy Star The Galaxy Pocket Neo and Galaxy Star has been rumoured before by SamMobile and are a low-end Android devices. The Galaxy Pocket Neo and Galaxy Star have a 3 inch QVGA TFT LCD display, 2 megapixel camera, Android 4.1.2. and are based on Samsung’s own touch-wiz nature UX interface.
Samsung Galaxy Note III Note 3 Neo N7505 Genuine spare parts and accessories at competetive prices. Fast delivery. Dealer discount account possible. Lenient return policy.
Your Smartphone SIM Type: Standard SIM, Micro SIM or Nano SIM?. Handsets requiring a Micro SIM include the Moto G4 and handsets from the Samsung Galaxy J family. Meanwhile, newer high-end flagship smartphones typically require a nano-sized SIM card. Smartphones using Nano SIM including the iPhone 7, Google Pixel, Huawei P9, Moto Z and Galaxy S7. The three types of SIM card differ in size.
Samsung Galaxy Mini. Samsung Galaxy Nexus. Samsung Galaxy Pocket (GT-S5300) Samsung Galaxy Pocket Neo S5310. Samsung Galaxy Prevail.
The Samsung Galaxy Pocket is a budget offering from Samsung, which aims to scrape the bottom of the Android barrel by luring users into the smartphone game for cheap. It packs a meager 2.8 inch screen of QVGA resolution, a QVGA camera, and no real power-hogging connectivity features to speak of, so the 1200 mAh battery, despite being on the rather small side, should be good enough to provide.
The Samsung Galaxy A11 is a budget Android smartphone developed by Samsung Electronics. It was first released on May 1, 2020, as a successor to the Samsung Galaxy A10. Design. The A11 is considerably less compact than its predecessor, measuring 161.4 x 76.3 x 8 mm, and it weighs 177g, 9 grams more than the A10. Looks-wise, the Galaxy A11 looks fairly similar to the Galaxy A10s. It has a thin.
The Samsung Galaxy Pocket Neo is an Android smartphone manufactured by Samsung that was released in June 2013 as the successor to the Samsung Galaxy Pocket Plus. The handset is still budget-oriented, sporting a larger 3-inch LCD. Its specifications are similar to that of the Samsung Galaxy Pocket Plus, with only minor upgrades such as the OS which is Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean and the screen size.
With the Samsung Gear Neo Smartwatch you no longer need to take your phone out of your bag or pocket to make and take calls. The Galaxy Gear pairs with your device and from its display screen you can make and take calls. With a built in microphone and speaker, all you need to do is raise your Gear Neo Smartwatch to your ear like you would a normal phone.
The Samsung Galaxy Pocket Neo S5310 is a budget smartphone released in June 2013. It is not a feature-rich model like the Galaxy W but is well designed to meet most needs. If you own this phone, you may eventually run into software-related problems such as program hangs or unresponsive applications.
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Supply of Smartphone, iPhone, Samsung, iPad, Oneplus, Sony and Tab parts within 24 hours from our own stock. Paying on account possible. Professional customer s.Find an unbeatable range of Samsung Galaxy Pocket including cases and covers, screen protectors, chargers, cables and much more, handpicked by industry experts at the UK’s leading accessories retailer. Everything for your Galaxy Pocket.Information about the battery capacity and battery life of the Samsung Galaxy Pocket Neo. Talk and stand-by times in 2G, 3G and 4G networks. Samsung Galaxy Pocket Neo is also known as Samsung GT-S5312, Samsung S5312.


Like the rollout of new car models every year, most major manufacturers of hearing devices introduce new models or — more often — new features or accessories for their flagship models. This is no different in early 2018, with Oticon, Phonak, and ReSound all adding interesting and useful items to their inventory.
New features and accessories have been added to Oticon’s Opn line.
An overnight recharge option was rolled out for the Oticon Opn miniRITE in 2017. This takes away the hassle of dealing with battery changes. The new rechargeable batteries can be retrofitted, allowing users to recharge their hearing device overnight and then get a full day’s use on the charge.
In another significant upgrade, the ConnectClip has been introduced. This wireless device — a powerful directional microphone — adds features to any Opn hearing device. It not only can be used to gain better performance by acting as a more powerful microphone in difficult noise environments, but it also can act as part of a wireless headset with smartphones.
It’s designed to pick up the user’s voice when speaking, allowing hands-free conversations to take place. Phone calls with smartphones can take place seamlessly since both the incoming and outgoing voice communications are routed wirelessly from the smartphone to the Opn and ConnectClip.
In late 2017 Phonak introduced a high-end Bluetooth hearing device, the Audéo B-Direct. A patented computer chip — the Sonova Wireless One Radio Digital (SWORD) — was at the core of this new product. It provides simplified direct connectivity to most cell phones, supporting classic Bluetooth protocol, and requires no additional streaming device.
Not to be outdone, ReSound introduced to its LiNX line the LiNX 3D. Testing shows that it identifies speech in loud conditions up to 50 percent better and provides more accurate speech recognition at a rate of up to 40 percent. It won a UX Design Award, which “… recognize[s] excellent experience qualities in products, services, environments and future oriented concepts in all areas of life.”


Lost power when updating bios Kenyan sex chat and date online
If your memory is fine, then that’s not a reason to upgrade.There’s also a fix for a Realtek LAN card, but only if you disable it.
Search for your particular computer model and you should see a section called Drivers and Downloads or something similar. Always read the release notes or details to see what is actually being updated.
Running the wrong update or losing power to your laptop whilst the BIOS is being updated can seriously damage your machine.
If you are not confident doing the update yourself you should contact your laptop manufacturer's local service specialist.
If not, then you should simply stick with your current BIOS because the new BIOS won’t make any difference and could actually cause more problems.
Unlike the operating system, the BIOS is low-level software that is stored on a chip on the motherboard of the computer.
Before updating BIOS, you should make sure that you've already followed our As these state, it's important to make sure system software up to date, and BIOS / UEFI BIOS is part of this.


Let’s make one thing perfectly clear…
TOTP ≠ OTP
- OTP = One-Time Password
- TOTP = Time-based One-Time Password
As discussed in the Two-Step Verification post, OTP sends the one-time password to the user’s mobile phone via SMS or to the user’s email address.
TOTP, on the other hand, uses a local app on the mobile device to generate a pass-code.
If we look at the factors for an app using a password and TOTP code, we see that it is something you know and something you have.
When a user registers a mobile device, they receive a key (either as a QR code or as a character string to be entered manually). This key becomes the something you have.
That key gets stored on the mobile device and in the back-end infrastructure.
The mobile app takes uses an industry standard algorithm with the key and current time as parameters, resulting in a 6 digit code lasting for 30 seconds. The back-end infrastructure uses the same algorithm with the same key and current time, generating an identical code.
A few things to consider with TOTP:
- DO NOT take a screenshot of your actual QR code or key and place in a blog, PowerPoint or user manual. Because that key is the something you know, if others get it, they now have one of your authentication factors. Try for yourself. If you scan the QR code with a TOTP app from Citrix, Microsoft, Google and others, you will get a token, but that token is for a test user that no longer exists and the key was deleted from the back-end system.
- Because this uses a key stored on the mobile device, the mobile device does not require connectivity to obtain a key. With OTP, the user must either have SMS connectivity or access to email.
If you want to see how TOTP works in a Citrix Workspace environment, take a look at the following Tech Insight video:
Authentication Blog Series:
Daniel (Twitter @djfeller)


On April 24 the Hubble Space Telescope turns 26 years in space since Discovery put it into orbit in 1990. And like every birthday, the Hubble devotes part of his time to observe and to capture a beautiful image that. He gave us a gift. But to give a gift to get to Hubble would be complicated, and very expensive . The picture is of Nebula NGC 7635 , also known as the Bubble Nebula. It is located towards the constellation of Cassiopeia at 8,000 light years and was discovered in 1787 by William Herschel. Awesome!
For 26 years it has been peering into deep space and this image was released today to celebrate its birthday.
Taken earlier this year the picture captures the chaotic activity atop a three-light-year-tall pillar of gas and dust that is being eaten away by the brilliant light from nearby bright stars.