I am going to write about something different, away from the normal IT stuff. Lets talk home automation. I have been doing home automation for some time now, everything from smart lights, smart aircons to smart camera systems, it is a fun hobby to have but at times also can be very expensive.
I had recently decided to change up my table, working from home in 2020 it was getting a bit boring. I had decided to get some LED Strip lights. I was originally eyeing the Phillips HUE Led Strip Lights, which retail at around AU$170 here. These are cool lights, with a wide variety of colours as well as the ability to control it via Google Home and Amazon Echo.
But I was not willing to pay that sort of money just for a strip of lights, considering I can buy similar IR controlled lights for $20 of eBay. Soo, I decided to build my own under $50. Here are what you will need.
- ZigBee Hub
- RGB LED Strip
- ZigBee RGB Controller
First a bit of background what ZigBee is and why I went with a ZigBee setup.
There are a few protocol standards that are available for home automation devices to communicate, the three most common ones that are used now a days are:
Wi-Fi is the most common protocol as it is so readily available, everyone already has Wi-Fi Aps at home, and it is easy to interface with. Wi-Fi although is easy to use it has some inherent flaws. Firstly the more IOT devices you connect to your Wi-Fi the slower it will get, if you are starting off with just one or two home automations then yeah go for it. But as soon as you start hitting 15+ devices plus all the phones, laptops, and other devices you will start seeing things struggling, dropouts and inconsistencies. The second problem with Wi-Fi is security, I personally do not trust having IOT devices having access to the internet as well as my network these devices especially cheap stuff I buy from eBay can be loaded with trojan or have security flaws which make it easier to access your network. As such I avoid it where I can.
ZigBee is a standard protocol that was designed to overcome the issues of Wi-Fi, it run on the same 2.4GHz that Wi-Fi runs on but uses power than Wi-Fi and also the protocol enables a mesh setup, in which each node you add to your ZigBee network acts as a repeater increasing your ever ending range. ZigBee also acts independent to your internet, so the devices you add are not internet facing and you can also have all your automations work off the network.
The third standard is Z-Wave, but let’s not talk about it, it is very similar to ZigBee, but not as big.
Soo a ZigBee Hub is essentially an access point for all your ZigBee enabled devices, the hub is the only thing that interfaces with the internet so if you use a trusted brand then you are ok from a security point of view. This is a one-time investment as most ZigBee hubs all work the same and allow you to connect multiple vendors together. The Hub I use at home is Samsung Smart Things Hub (retails at around $150) and this hub allows you to control ZigBee, Z-wave and also has plugins for various Wi-Fi enabled home automation devices. Soo I can do some cool things like if motion is detected by my Arlo camera’s then turn on my ZigBee lights in the front porch. And cause it is Samsung I can trust it enough to be regularly patched and updated.
Just as a side note as well, you may be wondering but you already spent more than the Phillips Hue is worth, but it is important to note that the Phillips Hue ecosystem also works on ZigBee and that you require a similar Phillips Hub to control their products. But the Samsung one enables you to control a lot of vendors including Phillips and as a great Developers side which I will show below.
RGB LED Strip Lights
Soo we have the Hub now lets get some lights, I went with cheap lights I found on Amazon here. Nothing special here, these had the RGB colour wires exposed and had a power supply, so it made it easy
RGB ZigBee Controller
Last thing we need is something to control the RGB LEDs over ZigBee, I brought this 3ASmartHome NUE ZigBee controller(AU$30). I have used this brand a fair bit. They have a shop in Melbourne and are the only ZigBee light switch I found that are certified by global-mark with the AU Certificate standard Cert Standard AS/NZS 3112:2017. They also have great documentation on how to pair their devices.
Now we got everything, setting up is easy, taking the LED Strip Lights we cut off the controller and put it into our ZigBee Controller.
Connecting it all up
Now we connect it up to power and open our Samsung Smart Things app and discover a new light device, it should auto detect the device but for me I found it wasn’t able to control the lights. Initially I thought maybe I just brought a dud ☹.
But I went into the Samsung Smart Things API Dev Portal, allowing you to really troubleshoot your Smart devices, giving not only logs of your devices but allows you to setup custom device handlers to program how you want to interface with them and how you want to control your devices. In here it seemed when SmartThings detected the controller it assigned the incorrect device handler to it thinking it was an RBG Downlight instead of an RGB LED Strip Lights.
After this it all worked and with my Google device on my desk, I was able to control my lights 😊
If you want more Home Automation blogs please let me know in the comments below, and I can walk through some more home automation I have around the house.


The Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering is offering a full time four year B.E. degree course in Electronics and Communication Engineering since the inception of the institution in the year 2007. This branch of engineering imparts technical knowledge in fields of Electronics, Communication, VLSI, Embedded System, Image processing, Signal processing & Wireless Networking. The department has many experienced faculty members specialized in various fields.
To reduce the academic industry gap the department has signed MOUs with the leading industries. To improve the quality of engineers the department is also conducting lot of workshops, seminars and value added programs.
It will be like a bridge between their school level subjects to core engineering subjects. Here the students are studying Physics, Chemistry, general engineering subjects like Engineering Graphics and some core engineering subjects like Electronic Circuits and Devices.
Students are learning and practicing on basic electronics and signal processing basics. In addition to this they are looking on mathematics which is backbone for engineering design.
Communication Engineering is the core part here and they are also getting depth knowledge on signal processing. They are studying modern electronic circuit design and basics on system design.
In the odd semester they are studying advanced techniques in the engineering discipline and even semester they have a project work to prove their self.
As it is a multiplexed course the engineers with this discipline has more opportunities than others.
India is leading its way in service domain, in particular the communication domain has creating a big demand on communication engineers.
They role of electronics in day to day life also increases the electronics industries growth. Because of this role of Electronic system design engineers are paid more. There is a big demand for this domain also.
In association with the curriculum electronics engineers are basically programmers which lead them to play a role in IT industry. All together this department endures a bright future for the students.


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Five reasons to make the switch to LED
1.Lower Electricity Bills – Switching a single 42-watt halogen light bulb to an energy efficient 9-watt LED will save about €7.00 per year. LEDs are often only slightly more expensive than their halogen counterpart, but can save you money in the long term.
2.They last longer – Halogen bulbs typically dim over time and fail after about two years. LEDS last up to ten times longer.
3. Reduce your carbon footprint – LEDS use approximately a fifth of the energy of halogen bulbs. The EU wide phase-out of halogen lightbulbs will prevent carbon emission’s equal to the total annual emissions of over half a million Irish households.
4.Easy installation – LED bulbs are available to replace all the standard bulbs, Newer LED bulbs are branded as “soft white or warm white” that emit the better light than their halogen equivalent.
5.They are better for the environment – Unlike CFLs, LEDs are mercury free which is better for the environment.


A real life example of using SVG in data acquisition and control system domain. The system is currently being used by various airline and engine maintenance companies around the world, including N3 Engine Overhaul Services in Germany as the first customer. The major challenges involve:
GUI component creation using SVG.
GUI editor supporting SVG component.
Fast SVG rendering with continuously data updating (>20HZ)
Real-time enhancement on JFreeChart.
Table of Contents
Cenco International is recognized as a market leader in the design and supply of jet engine testing facilities and equipment. Cenco possesses both experience and expertise in working with all types of turbine engines from the largest high bypass aero engines to auxiliary power units (APU). Cenco's customer list consists of more than 150 airlines, airmotives, engine manufacturers and government organizations. Cenco has worked on jet engine test cell projects of every scale, all over the world for the past 50 years.
One key factor of its success is its highly customizable and flexible data acquisition and control system, designed to cater the unique needs and demands of the jet engine test cell. Usually, the system is built around existing or specially required hardware by customer. User interface and system control logic are greatly affected by the hardware selection and test cell design itself. The result is that different customer might have quite different look-n-feel for their systems even though they are designed to test the same type of engine.
Because the system's software is highly coupled with hardware design, it is often required to be field-programmable during system installation. This highly customizable nature essentially prohibits making separate software release for each installation because the associated cost can easily eat away the profitability of the entire operation. In 1990's, Cenco introduced a data acquisition and control system, CERES, with X window based user interface. The system is highly configurable on hardware configuration, control logic, calculating engine test data and user interface using TestBuilder.
In late 2003, Cenco started a project to build its next generation engine test software system, particularly, replace its aging X window based user interface with appealing, still field-programmable, web based user interface while maintain the rich functionality of the existing system. Also, the ability of remotely monitoring and controlling test system through web with live real-time test data updating at least 10 frames/second on multi-OS platform was determined to be one of the major features and product selling points.
In order to achieve speed to market, the strategy is to make best use of existing system and replace those matter the most to customers. It was achieved by creating a web service layer to turn traditional data acquisition and control system into an open platform and give user interface developer freedom to plug-in any presentation unit using the latest technologies, especially, SVG. It becomes possible to massive produce user configurable displays at very low cost.
Figure 3, “Overall Architecture” depicts the overall system architecture. Two lower layers, Device Driver Layer and Data Processing and Control Layer, already exists in the existing system and can be reused.
Device Driver Layer has a collection of drivers and new drivers are continuously added in per customers' request. Some typical device drivers are:
Fanuc PLC driver: is used to control GE Fanuc PLC as relay and digital I/O for facility and engine control. The driver directly talks to PLC using SRTP protocol via TCP/IP. It also supports analog I/O with calibration capability and improved scan rate. A low cost data acquisition and control system can be built mainly based on PLC for testing APUs.
External Controller driver: is used to communicate with Cenco's proprietary data acquisition unit.
Data Processing and Control Layer takes data gathered by device drivers and performs predefined calculations continuously. It also takes user input command and delegates it to specific device driver to perform a certain action. All raw data and calculated data are recorded continuously into external data log. Engine performance data are stored in to Oracle database for generating test report later.
Device driver layer and data processing and control layer reside on the same host computer. Shared memory is used for inter-process communication. The new system adds two branded new upper layers: Web Service Layer on the same host computer of the two lower layers and Client Layer on remote client computers. A typical test cell configuration needs at least 4 computers for different client layer applications: facility control, engine control, critical display and test report.
There are many different ways to delivery information over the internet. Server side technologies, such as: J2EE and .NET, focus on generating whole page on the server side and then deliver it to client side. Any client side action would trigger the whole page reload, which is bad for performance and user experience. Adding some client side technologies like AJAX to get partial page reload or only some elements updated could improve performance substantially.
However, each Jet engine test configuration has thousands of parameters. Each display page could easily has over 50 parameters and associated parameter limit information. During engine run, each parameter is displayed in real-time with at least 10 frames/second refreshing rate. Because lots of parameters are tight to analog signal, they are changing all the time. Generating new page and reload simply doesn't work. Therefore, our solution is to let all rendering happen on client side only. Once client application is loaded, it only exchangers data with server.
Web service layer is very thin and lightweight. It provides different type of web services: engine test and calibration, test report and plot analysis, and streaming data.
During engine test or system calibration, user needs to send a set of basic commands to start/stop test, turn on/off switches, set parameter to a certain value, etc. SOAP web service is chosen for this purpose and it is made interoperable between .NET and Java client.
Test report usually needs to retrieve stored test data and sometimes stored display images from database. Plot analysis needs to retrieve values for a set of parameters from external data logging. All of them get large amount of data in a single shot. It makes more sense for client to simply send HTTP GET request and server side gets data then sends them back in their native format instead of packaging them into SOAP messages with attachment.
User often captures some display images and wants to store those images back into database. The client application uses HTTP POST to send binary image data to back end server.
When massive amount of data needs to be delivered continuously, streaming data in binary format is the most efficient approach. Any other format, especially XML, simply creates too much overhead. Although there might be thousands of parameters, there are only a few hundreds of parameters need to be displayed at any moment. When the client opens a page, it issues a HTTP POST request with a list of parameters to be displayed. Then, the data streamer on the server side continuously takes data for those parameters from shared memory and streams them out over the internet.
Client layer has the following types of applications.
Excel reporting system: is a test report design and generation system built on the top of Microsoft Excel. It is consumer of test report web service.
Standard displays in Java: are some non-configurable displays or standalone applications, such: signal list, plot analysis, etc. Similar to real time stock quote, Signal list display needs updating large amount of data in relatively simple format in real time. In plot analysis, user can select a set of parameters and plot them against other parameter or time span. They are consumer for streaming data and report service.
.NET application for DVR playback: is used to playback test data in-sync with multi-channel video recording on the engine test process.
User configurable displays in SVG: are displays specially ordered by customer and they can be changed in the field or even during the engine test in progress.
Because of the uniqueness of this industry, large amount of displays are user configurable, which is also very important revenue source for the company. Therefore, lower the cost of massively producing those displays can improve company's bottom line. This is the main driver for us to adopt SVG. We have gone through a long journey finding the best approach of using SVG in our industry.
We started developing some sample pages (Figure 2, “Sample displays for Cenco's next generation data acquisition and control system”) using both Adobe Illustrator and Notepad. Later, a working prototype was developed and debuted at Paris Air Show 2005.
The container page is a HTML page and it gets load by regular URL.
Then, Java Applet gets loaded and stays idle.
Then, start loading SVG display.
Java applet starts remote data streamer and spawns a thread for handling streaming data. It also manages an internal cache for those parameters.
There will be no page reload unless user hits the refresh button.
Figure 5, “A typical engine control display” shows engine control display for CFM56 engine. There are on average over 20 custom displays for just one engine type. The development and testing effort would be enormous if we hadn't chosen the right technology.
Our approach is to create an application framework to support custom GUI components and let display designers directly use very simple configuration tool to assemble GUI components without even a single line of coding.
Although SVG defines rich set of graphic operations to describe complex graph, those operations are defined at a low level and developing SVG solution from scratch is still not a trivial job. In order to build a large scale application, reusable user interface component, class library and supporting tools are needed.
Take the display on Figure 5, “A typical engine control display” as an example. It has a few static cosmetic components, like background image, display title, and some decorative elements. Custom GUI components are put in foreground, including but not limited to:
Output Objects: An Output Object changes in response to underneath parameter value change.
Digital Objects: A Digital Object displays the value of a numerical parameter.
Text Label Objects : A Text Label Object can do one of two things: it can display the string contained in a string parameter or it can display a string based on the value of a numerical parameter (selection index value).
Status Indicator Objects: A Status Indicator Object displays a string based upon the value of a numerical parameter.. The color of the box and the text can change to indicate various conditions.
Bar Objects : A Bar Object draws a bar gauge that changes to indicate the magnitude of a numerical parameter.
Gauge Objects: A Gauge Object draws a needle gauge that changes to indicate the magnitude of a numerical parameter.
Plot Objects: A Plot Object draws an x-y graph based up the value of one x parameter and one or a group of y parameter(s). The plot type could be static plot, real time plot and real time scrolling plot.
Bitfield Objects: A Bitfield Object displays a parameter's value in binary format (bit-by-bit).
Input Objects: An Input Object converts keyboard, touchscreen or mouse actions into changes in parameter values or action command to the data processing layer.
Button Objects: include Push Button, Momentary Push Button, Toggle Button.
Radio Button Objects : Radio buttons have multiple states. When the user selects on the particular portion of the radio button, corresponding to a certain state, the action associated with that state performed. Also, numerical value of the parameter changes.
There are several different approaches to create GUI components in SVG:
Reusable components can be defined as symbol elements and put together inside a component library. SVG use element can refer to external symbol element as template and this is how SVG component gets reused.
Define new SVG tag for reusable component.
Using symbol element does have its limitation. Especially, it cannot encapsulate event handler inside symbol definition. The direct impact of this limitation is that there is no way to plug common behavior (event handling code) into component template and event wiring has to be done on each component instance.
Use SVG “g” tag is similar to what today's AJAX library does. Those libraries are easy to use but hard to make. Usually, each component must have some configuration information associated with it. It would be hard to design a XML schema to get those XML fragment validated.
Our approach is to use custom self-explanatory SVG tag to describe GUI component. Each custom tag definition has all event handlers and necessary functionality into one place. It communicates with outside world through its parameter node and some attributes, such as: enabled, visible. It can be positioned or scaled by setting the transform matrix. Here is the code snippets for defining a momentary button on Figure 5, “A typical engine control display”.
<ui:momentarybutton enabled="1" height="70" icon="" id="ui:momentarybutton315" set_value="1" tooltiptext=>"Momentary Push Button" transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 472.52470204846236 -9)" value="0" visible="1" width="75" x="174" y="583" buttonStyle="3"> <parameter name="IDGDisc_MB" value="0"/> <text_style font="Arial" fontstyle="bold" font-size="14"/> <label_config> <offlabel color="green" label="IDG\nDisconnect" text-color="black"/> <onlabel color="orange" label="IDG\nDisconnect" text-color="black"/> </label_config> <interlock>lockexp</interlock> <waitforcondition>waitexp</waitforcondition> </ui:momentarybutton>
By the time we were debating the technical direction, there are some similar technologies, like: SVG 1.2-RCC (Render Custom Content), XBL, XAML, etc. We found Adobe SVG Viewer 6.0 (ASV6) has by far the greater functionalities and the best graphic quality at that time to support creating custom component. It takes minimal effort to convert GUI component library from SVG 1.1 to SVG 1.2, and vice versus. However, we did realize some risks of going with SVG 1.2 approach:
SVG 1.2 specification was still at draft stage. Even as of today, only SVG Tiny 1.2 has became W3C recommendation.
Adobe SVG Viewer 6.0 was only a pre-release and it actually never gets released. Later, with Adobe's acquisition of Macromedia, Adobe eventually abandoned SVG in favor of Flash.
There wasn't any SVG authoring tool supporting SVG 1.2 yet.
Those risks could be fatal. There are some bright spots and alternatives:
Go SVG 1.2 costs only a fraction of other alternative approaches.
Other SVG viewers, like RENESIS player, could be emerged and support SVG 1.2 with better performance.
SVG 1.2 contents can be translated back into SVG 1.1 on the fly and let ASV3 or browsers with native SVG support to render its result.
Develop a SVG player with limited SVG 1.2 feature support.
Develop a special purpose GUI editor supporting SVG component.
Each GUI component has one or more data objects (parameters), representing the component data value, attributes, etc. Action on any Input Objects could change its internal state by changing the value of the parameter inside the parameter node, which fires a SOAP command to change the corresponding parameter value inside global data objects. On the remote site, data processing engine continuously executes pre-defined calculations at steady pace. The data is then streamed back to client displays and gets displayed mainly on Output Objects but it could affect behavior of Input Objects as well.
The application framework takes care of issuing SOAP command and distributing streaming data to GUI components. The client side developer only needs to take care of assembling GUI component and parameter mapping. This is very similar to the web development without AJAX. The only difference is that data binding is performed by on the client side. The application framework automatically syncs local data cache with global data objects via SOAP and streaming data. There are two special features on some GUI components:
Wait For Condition: is a boolean expression. When its evaluated value is false, the GUI component is in a unstable state and waiting for something. Therefore, The GUI component keeps blinking at steady pace until the condition is satisfied.
Interlock: is used to disable any GUI component when condition is satisfied. It is a boolean expression and applies to Input Objects only.
The boolean expression could be something like “paramA > paramB”, or simply as “paramC”etc. Those expressions can be configured to be evaluated either locally at client side or preferably at server side by data processing engine because the expression can be shared by multiple client displays.
The behavior of data processing engine is configured in a way similar to PLC's ladder logic using VB like language. Because the data processing is performed at steady pace continuously, no loop statement is even needed.
Even until now, there isn't any commercial off-the-shelf or open source SVG editor supporting SVG 1.2, especially with custom component. Due to the complexity of SVG 1.2, it is not wise to implement a SVG editor from scratch. A feasible choice is to add custom component feature on the top of existing SVG editor and there are some open source editors available as well:
Because implementing SVG with custom component is not a trivial job, the simplest approach is to make the best use of Adobe SVG Viewer 6.0, which has most of SVG 1.2 supports already. We recognize the superiority of Adobe Illustrator in creating static SVG part. Our SVG based GUI editor targets mainly on assembling SVG custom components, data binding configuration, and simple SVG editing. That editor could be developed using SVG language itself, just like SVG Draw from Adobe. In fact, SVG Draw itself can be used to edit SVG custom content already even without any change if we use ASV6 instead of ASV3 plugin .
SVG graph itself is a XML file and can be accessed through SVG DOM. The content of a SVG graph can be dynamically updated by changing specific XML node, just like today's AJAX libraries. If SVG Draw is run under ASV6, just adding custom component node into a grouping element “g” and it will be rendered appropriately. We learned a great deal of SVG editing technique from SVG Draw and came out with our solution.
Although Adobe SVG plug-in could be used as ActiveX control directly or through IE control into a .NET application, we took the browser based approach. The whole editor is put inside a web browser, Java Script is used to manipulate SVG content through SVG DOM, and Java Applet is used to implement standard menus, toolbars and configuration dialogs. The display editor consists of the following four major parts:
Menu bar, Tool Bar and Attribute configuration dialogs are implemented in Java.
Java Script is the main part of the editor. It consists of some event handlers to control the display drawing process. It also serves as a delegate to let Java component be able to manipulate SVG.
Toolbox is a tabbed panel listing customized reusable components from the library.
Drawing area is a SVG panel.
Similar to using Microsoft Visio, selecting a GUI component from toolbox panel, then drag-n-drop it into the drawing area. Each component item's property can be further configured through item property dialog by clicking on “Item Property” icon on the toolbar. The most important configuration is to wire the component with parameter to define data binding.
However, the pure browser based SVG application does have some performance issues no matter whether it uses plugin like ASV or uses browser with native SVG support. When lots of data come in at high speed, the CPU usage of the client computer can easily reach 100% because lots of computing power is consumed to update SVG DOM and SVG rendering. That is one of the reasons we added an invisible Java Applet (Figure 4, “SVG based displays using Adobe SVG Viewer”) in the browser based web client to reduce the frequency of SVG DOM updating by filter out data with only insignificant change. This approach works very well especially for displays with data coming from digital signals, such as: displays with lots of status indicator, buttons etc. However, for displays with lots of gauge, bar and digital objects, it doesn't help much because data for those objects come from analog signal, which changes all the time.
We had put lots of effort in improving the code efficiency of component library. Even after replacing SVG filter with gradient or just simply using solid color, the performance hasn't been improved much. We also found grouping custom components together inside a new “g” tag can improve performance but it is just not good enough. Our test result shows the maximum refreshing rate can only achieve 5 frames per second with only one display page opened. However, the refreshing rate of 10 frames per second with multiple displays is typically required by customer.
Unfortunately, Adobe abandoned the development on SVG and didn't open source its SVG Viewer. The release of RENESIS player had been delayed many times and we never got chance to use it. Later, we did some tests on Firefox with native SVG support but its functionality and performance was not nearly as good as ASV3 or ASV6. Unless there are some breakthrough on browser performance supporting SVG, fully depended on external resource to render SVG simply can not satisfy the performance needs in real time data acquisition. Therefore, we need to build our own SVG rendering engine.
On the section called “Custom GUI Components”, custom components are put on foreground while static cosmetic components are in background and in the separated grouping “g” tag. Therefore, the background components for any display, no matter how complex they are, can be rendered into one image buffer just once and stored. Unless the screen is resized, the stored image can be reused. The foreground custom components need to be rendered when its binding data changes. However, a smaller buffer can also be used to improve performance.
Based on this concept, we started creating our own SVG rendering engine using Batik SVG Toolkit. The Batik modules are of one of three types: application modules, core modules and low level modules. The core modules are mostly used to manipulate, generate, render and view SVG content. Using Transcoder API, the static SVG part is rasterized into an image. Using Batik Swing components module, each custom SVG component (translated back to SVG 1.1 already) definition in the component library is used as a resource file to create a JSVGCanvas object, which is rooted from JComponent. The process of rendering a display can be summarized as:
Give the whole display content to Transcoder API to rasterize into image and use it as background image for JPanel. Because Batik only understands SVG 1.1 part, the custom components are ignored.
Parse the display content again and only look for the place referring to custom components. For each custom component referring, find the SVG definition for that component in the component library and create a JSVGCanvas object.
Add JSVGCanvas object into JPanel to get it displayed.
This could be a quick and easy way to render SVG custom component but it lacks of desirable performance. Our experiment shows:
It takes a while for Transcoder API to rasterize a SVG image.
Using JSVGCanvas to load custom SVG component is quite slow. When creating multiple JSVGCanvas objects, sometime some complex objects cannot be displayed appropriately. It could take 10 minutes to load a display like Figure 5, “A typical engine control display”.
It uses lots of memory.
Therefore, we need to dive deeper to try Low Level Modules for better performance. In fact, we developed a very simple and efficient SVG rendering library to create a collection of Java2D objects from any SVG graph with some basic SVG elements, including: circle, ellipse, image, line, path, polygon, polyline, rect, text, linear and radial gradient, and symbol. It can be directly used to render SVG static content in the background of any display.
Most of custom component type could find a surrogate host from Java standard GUI component to manage its state and event handling. Take custom button object as an example. No matter how fancy it might look, it behaves just like any other standard buttons. The following is the SVG part of a custom button definition.
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%"> <g> <g id="button_Down" transform="translate(0 -470.9) scale(1.33 2.802)"> <g> <polygon style="fill:#AFAFAF;" points="71,199 75,203 0,203 4,199"/> <polygon style="fill:#6F6F6F;" points="75,203 75,168 70,172 70,199"/> <polygon style="fill:#6F6F6F;" points="0,168 4,172 70,172 75,168"/> <polygon style="fill:#AFAFAF;" points="4,172 0,168 0,203 4,199 "/> <rect x="4" y="172" style="fill:#7F7F7F;" width="66" height="27"/> </g> <rect id="Down_Color" fill-opacity="0.5" x="0" y="168.16" width="75" height="35.62" style="fill:lightgrey;"/> <text id="Down_Label" x="37.529" y="186" text-anchor="middle"> <tspan> </tspan> </text> </g> <g id="button_Up" transform="translate(0 -470.9) scale(1.33 2.802)"> <g> <polygon style="fill:#AFAFAF;" points="4,172 0,168 75,168 70,172"/> <polygon style="fill:#6F6F6F;" points="0,168 0,203 4,199 4,172"/> <polygon style="fill:#6F6F6F;" points="75,203 70,199 4,199 0,203"/> <polygon style="fill:#AFAFAF;" points="70,199 75,203 75,168 70,172"/> <rect x="4" y="172" style="fill:#7F7F7F;" width="66" height="27"/> </g> <rect id="Up_Color" fill-opacity="0.5" x="0" y="168.16" width="75" height="35.62" style="fill:lightgrey;"/> <text id="Up_Label" x="37.529" y="186" text-anchor="middle"> <tspan> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>
It defines Up and Down states and their corresponding look. Other button appearance, such as: mouseover or hover, could also be defined. Then, the remaining task is creating a custom UI delegate for JButton but using SVG rendering engine to paint for each state. Jon Lipsky has an excellent blog on how to do custom UI delegate. Using SVG, the appearance for each state can be developed using graphic design tool, such as: Illustrator, instead of coding directly in Java2D.
Other type of custom component without corresponding standard component as surrogate host has to be handled on case by case basis. A good example is “Plot Objects”.
There are many different types of plot objects used in Jet engine testing, such as: performance plot, real-time plot and real-time scrolling plot. Due to the complexity of those plots, implementing them even in SVG is not easy. Therefore, they are implemented using JFreeChart package directly without corresponding SVG implementation in the component library. JFreeChart is a free Java chart library and supports wide variety of chart types. Here is an example of a combined chart created using JFreeChart.
Create a chart like this still need some coding even when using JFreeChart. We have to at least define dataset and then create several chart objects and combine them together. Just like other custom GUI component, we provide a custom tag for plot object and use it to configure the chart behavior without coding in Java. However, the more difficult and important task is to find a way to enhance JFreeChart by adding real-time charting capability.
Although JFreeChart is excellent in creating large variety and high quality chart, it doesn't support real-time charting. In many cases, real-time charting is a very important feature to have, for example: intra-day stock chart for financial applications. Data acquisition system in Jet engine testing requires data refreshing rate at least 10 times per second for real-time plots, which is impossible for JFreeChart to handle. The primary reason is that JFreeChart does a complete chart repaint, including chart border, title, Axis, etc, whenever dataset is updated.
The idea of implementing real-time charting is actually very simple: Just let JFreeChart to use chart buffer and draw point incrementally into the chart buffer instead of adding new point into dataset. To be more specific, the dataset should have a maximum size and be implemented as a ring buffer. For any real time point, only the draw the latest two points because previous points have been drawn into chart buffer already. Only when chart gets resized, chart buffer will be refreshed and all points in dataset have to be redrawn. This change makes JFreeChart can draw real-time chart easily over 30 times per second. For more information, please check my post on JFreeChart Forum.
The choice of turning a traditional data acquisition and control system into an open platform and building a presentation framework based on SVG has been proven to be successful. Until now, Cenco's new data acquisition and control system has been installed and in production use in Germany, India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, China and growing.
In order to achieve better performance, the current system is implemented based on SVG and Java. It could be implemented based on SVG and .NET. When data updating rate is much lower, pure browser based approach with native SVG support, such as: Firefox and Google Chrome, could be used as a much simpler alternative.
We hope there will be some AJAX libraries specific for SVG in the future, which could be a major boost for SVG.


What is Neural Machine Translation?
Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is a technology based on artificial networks of neurones. It has made considerable advances in recent years thanks to artificial intelligence and can now serve as a basis for certain professional translations.
With NMT, millions of pieces of information can be translated in real time, with a level of accuracy and reliability that is currently similar to that of a human being.
In our daily lives, we are already familiar with automatic translation software such as Google Translate, but Artificial Intelligence is a game changer.
Today, the machine – like the human brain – is capable of producing a reliable translation as well as learning a language, and is therefore constantly improving the quality of the translated material. To improve the performance of the machine, it is “trained” by human translators. In practical terms, this means feeding the machine a very large volume of quality data (words, segments of sentences, and texts already translated) in order to improve the reliability and sophistication of the results.
A machine can also be trained to meet the specific needs of a sector (legal translation, medical translation, etc.) or a customer’s area of activity, which will have its own vocabulary.
Combining technology and human translation with Ubiqus
If human translation and machine translation have been poles apart for a long time, they must now work together.
To guarantee high quality translations, machine translated content must be adapted and re-read by a professional translator. This quality control, adjustment and correction step is called post-editing. The aim is to make the final content understandable and easy to read.
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)
Technology that converts speech into writing
Order management API
The sectors using
language technology tools
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We're a team of interdisciplinary scientists and engineers with enthusiasm for computational modelling and optimization of engineering designs. Modern structures are designed with multiple functionalities in mind; accordingly, design tools capable of multiscale and multiphysics considerations are needed. Our team develops and applies state-of-the-art optimization methods for such a purpose, specifically targeting issues such as large-scale design variables, global optimization, nonlinearity, complex coupling of physics and high computational cost. The team works closely with multidisciplinary researchers at the interface of engineering, computer science and applied mathematics and strives to find simple and powerful engineering solutions.
The Center for Extreme Events Research (CEER) at UCSD will offer Interdisciplinary Training and Networking in Engineering and Next Generation in Simulation and Experimentation (INTENSE) short course on "Topology optimization for additive manufacturing" on May 15-17, 2019 by Prof. Alicia Kim. This course will provide a practical understanding of topology optimization as well as the fundamental background. It will uncover the numerical machineries of a range of topology optimization methods and reveal how to formulate design problems and select numerical parameters to yield successful designs. It will also discuss the state of the art topology optimization capabilities. The course will include a practical hands-on element using an open source topology optimization code developed at UC San Diego.
The short course is designed for engineers and scientists from industry, government, and academia who have no prior experience with topology optimization. Those who already have experience with topology optimization and wish to learn more advanced topics will also find this course useful. An understanding of the basic Finite Element Method is requisite.
More course info: http://ceer.ucsd.edu/events/2019/short-course/program
Link for registration: http://ceer.ucsd.edu/events/2019/short-course/register


Maitri Services Announces Strategic Partnership with AI and ML Experts, Prompt Inversion
Boston, Massachusetts, December 4, 2023 - Today Maitri Services announces their partnership with Prompt Inversion, an esteemed team of experts specializing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). The collaboration aims to leverage the cutting-edge expertise of Prompt Inversion to enhance Maitri's capabilities to deliver unparalleled Natural Language Processing (NLP) value to their clients.
Prompt Inversion, a highly skilled team with roots in the prestigious universities of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and George Washington University (GWU), have consistently demonstrated exceptional proficiency in AI and ML technologies. Their track record of innovation aligns seamlessly with Maitri's commitment to staying at the forefront of NLP advancements.
Robert Woollam, CTO - "Maitri is excited to partner with Prompt Inversion. This partnership signifies our dedication to providing our clients with expanded AI solutions using NLP technology and positions us to be a formidable contender in the Healthcare NLP landscape. Our discussions have left us thoroughly impressed, and we anticipate outstanding results from this collaborative team.”
Through this partnership, Maitri will harness the capabilities of Prompt Inversion to strengthen their offerings in AI and ML, enhancing their ability to deliver advanced solutions that transform underutilized and unstructured Healthcare data for their clients. NLP will allow them to efficiently and robustly process clinical notes and documents to transform the Healthcare industry. This provides incredible insight into understanding data quality, improving methodologies, and providing better results for providers.
Clients of Maitri can anticipate the integration of Prompt Inversion's advanced technologies to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and intelligence of our solutions. As we embark on this exciting journey with Prompt Inversion, we are confident that our partnership will yield groundbreaking results that redefine the landscape of electronic health record systems (EHRs) within the Healthcare ecosystem.
For media inquiries, please contact: firstname.lastname@example.org
Maitri is an innovative, professional service company redefining automation, scalability, and cost efficiency in the tech industry. With a visionary leadership team and cutting-edge technologies, Maitri empowers businesses worldwide to thrive and succeed.
Maitri Services. Navigating Complexity. Delivery Simplicity.
MAITRI (मैत्री, My-Tree) means benevolence, loving-kindness, friendliness, amity, good will, and active interest in others.


Surgical Instrumentation Tracking and Management Solution
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About NanoMed Tracking
The NanoMed technology is a market changing surgical instrument tracking system for hospitals. NanoMed is the only market solution that automates surgical tray assembly, uses an invisible marker completely unobtrusive to the instrument.
Hospitals are facing an ever growing need to reduce costs, increase efficiency and productivity, as well as patient safety. Operating rooms and Sterilization Processing Departments are prime examples where these challenges must be addressed. Most of today's hospital tray assembly processes are very inefficient, time consuming, inaccurate and prone to human error.
Tracking to a Better Life
Utilizing nano quantum dots to mark and label medical instruments.
NanoMed Tracking's Advantage
NanoMed developed a revolutionary solution to these challenges, an innovative system that offers an immediate ROI, enhances patient safety and improves instrument management.
What makes the NanoMed system unique is the revolutionary Optical and Quantum Dot technology. A unique polymer/QDot marker, completely invisible to the eye and unobtrusive to the surgeon is applied to each instrument. Our optical scanner then reads within seconds the unique markers on the instruments in the surgical tray and identifies if the tray is complete or has any missing instruments via a data management software system.


By Richard Tew
NASA/JSC correspondent for The Post Newspaper
Last weekend, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson spoke on a published video highlighting the agency’s accomplishments in the last year while previewing things to come.
Dubbing the current era in space exploration the “Artemis Generation,” Nelson heralded NASA’s new space exploration program and its potential to return astronauts to our closest celestial neighbors.
With Artemis 1 in the books, the program is now preparing for Artemis II, which will send a crewed mission back around the Moon, though only for a test flight to prepare for the future landing mission set for Artemis III still a few years away.
“The Artemis generation stands ready. Ready to return humans to the Moon, then take us further than ever before to Mars,” said Nelson.
Some of the achievements in the past year include the launch of Artemis I, which sent the Orion SpaceCraft around the Moon, taking readings and collecting data for future Artemis II and III missions. Other accomplishments were the successful DART mission which sent a refrigerator-sized probe head-long into an asteroid called Dimorphous to see if the collision would have a measurable effect on the asteroid’s travel path. Though small, the 14,000-mile-per-hour impact did slightly alter the trajectory of Dimorphic. There were also resupply missions, crewed missions, and other related research into and aboard the International Space Station in 2022.
“The Biden Administration has requested $27.2 billion for NASA, that’s a 7.1 percent increase over last year’s 2023 historic budget,” said Nelson. “And this budget request reflects the administration’s confidence in NASA and its faith in the world’s finest workforce.”
Nelson says the budget will help ongoing research and development for future space exploration, much of which happens on the ISS. The ISS also serves as a catalyst for future proposed commercialization of low Earth orbit. It will serve as a springboard for crewed missions to the Moon and beyond.
“The space station has taught us how to live and work in space, and is providing ground-breaking research to improve life here on the face of the Earth,” said Nelson.
Nelson also said the Biden administration is increasing funding to NASA some $1.39 billion dollars to further develop both nuclear electrical and nuclear thermal propulsion system technology.
Other upcoming research involves receiving soil samples of Mars’ soil which will be sent back to Earth for study to see if there are any signs of life. This will help researchers in their efforts to plan future missions to Mars.
“Developing new technology is key for us to explore deep space,” said Nelson.
NASA also has a goal developing newer, greener technology, with a goal of having a Net-Zero emissions status by 2050. According to the NASA video presentation, an “Earth Information Center” will serve as “A Mission Control for climate.” It will rely on satellites and sensors to track weather patterns to be used for climate research.
“The goal is to make climate data more understandable for all people everywhere,” said Nelson. “We want to protect our planet by better understanding it.”
There are also future plans to launch a comet and asteroid-monitoring telescope called the Neo Surveyor which will help locate possible celestial threats to Earth.
“If we can put them out there far enough away, we can protect our planet,” said Nelson.
Other research involves super-sonic flight back here on Earth. The last time there was a commercially-viable super-sonic aircraft was the fabled Concord, which would see its last flight in 2003 thanks to noise-related legislation which restricted the routes the Concorde could fly. The technology is continuing to be tested on the X59 aircraft, a joint project between NASA and Lockheed Martin with hope of less window-rattling sonic booms associated with breaking the sound barrier.
Nelson says the research over the last year is helping NASA tool up for a future not limited to life on Earth, but beyond.
“Last year was one for the history books,” said Nelson. “We did what was hard and we achieved what was great. The task now is to keep NASA heading onward and upward.”
When he is not writing about NASA and related technology, Richard Tew teaches Irish dance to ages three through adults in Clear Lake. More info at http://www.tewirishdance.wordpress.com.
Photo cutline: NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. NASA photo.
NASA/technology correspondent/The Post Newspaper.


arstechnica, December 27, 2012, 10 Raspberry Pi creations that show how amazing the tiny PC can be
Techcrunch, October 2012, Getting Started With The Raspberry Pi Is Not As Easy As Pie
Though the Model A doesn't have an RJ45 Ethernet port, it can connect to a network by using a user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter. There is in reality no difference between a model A with an external Ethernet adapter and a model B with one built in, because the Ethernet port of the model B is actually a built-in USB Ethernet adapter.
ARM processor, 512MB of RAM, and operating system on a memory card, size of a credit card, can plug in a keyboard and mouse, HDMI cable to television or a monitor, connected it to a mobile charger. Turn it off/on by unplugging or plugging it in.


What are the practical/operational differences between the sealed lead acid and the lithium batteries?
Bat-Caddy: the fairly new and emerging lithium technology for golf carts offers a significantly higher power density, which means that much more power can be stored in a much smaller and lighter space. Practically that results in a much lighter and smaller battery with longer durability per charge as well as a much longer life time. Specifically, you can now replace a 12V 35Ah SLA battery on a remote controlled caddy with two motors usually running 27 holes per charge with a total lifetime of about 150 charges, with a 12V 20/21Ah Lithium battery running 36 holes per charge and a total lifetime of about 500 charges. This increases the number of rounds by a factor of 4 -5. This all while at the same time reducing the weight by 75% and the size of the battery by 50%+, so less handling and storage effort. Lastly, the absence of lead makes the lithium battery more environmentally friendly. The slight drawback is the still much higher price of the lithium battery, but economically that can be justified by the much better performance and higher convenience.


New York, NY – December 17th: True Reply, developer of the next-generation voice data collection and analysis platform for telephone or IoT devices, and hyperFIELD, a developer of blockchain technology for military and heavy industrial sector applications, today announced a strategic partnership.
Through the integration of True Reply's audio collection and analysis capabilities, hyperFIELD’s blockchain technology for logistics, supply chain, and field service applications is extended to offer real-time stress and intention analysis across industrial, commercial, and military applications.
Jose Cotto, CEO and Co-founder of True Reply, commented that “hyperFields platform represents the next evolution of high-value, mission-critical asset management. The integration of the True Reply platform gives hyperField clients the ability to understand not only the what, how, and when but also the why behind field operations.”
hyperFIELD CTO, Naveen Sydney, added that “blockchain logistics, supply chain, field service, and auditing enhanced with True Reply's real-time audio and linguistic analysis is a holistic combination for a 360-degree view of assets in and across the battlefield.”
True Reply has been building the voice data collection platform for telephone and IoT-based data collection. We launched our platform in September 2017 and since then we’ve been the first open-ended, voice-based data collection platform to be deployed in healthcare studies, the first Amazon-approved platform for conducting incentivized surveying across the Amazon Alexa community, the first platform of it’s kind to be part of a major FDA study, and the first platform to bring cryptocurrencies to Amazon Alexa in a meaningful way for consumers.
hyperFIELD is a leading Field Service solutions provider for military and heavy industrial customers that is also developing new software technologies for next-generation supply chain, logistics, Industrial/Military Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial-Intelligence/Machine Learning based Predictive Analytics, and Augmented-Reality (AR) applications that leverage blockchain technology. hyperFIELD’s in-depth expertise has enabled it to become a preferred supplier in the military and heavy industrial sectors including Aerospace & Defense, Government-Defense agencies, Oil & Gas, Mining, Utilities, Life-Sciences, Healthcare, Construction, Transportation and Heavy Manufacturing. For more information about hyperFIELD see www.hyperfield.net.
True Reply & Logistics
True Reply is setting its sights on real-time data collection, analysis and integration into a variety of systems to support military planning, maintenance and logistics. True Reply’s ability to push video or audio intelligence into the platform via a secure, on-demand API interface scalable to process hundreds of hours per minute will greatly enhance both the data capture and analysis of a variety of military processes, supply chain logistics, and so much more.


GE getting help on PCB monitoring from Beacon Institute
The Beacon Institute for Rivers and Estuaries has deployed its second real-time monitoring station in the Hudson River near the General Electric PCB area just north of Thompson Island Dam, to provide minute-to-minute data on the condition of the river. GE provided some of the equipment and help in setting up the device, which measures physical, chemical and biological information about the river. The institute and the company are collaborating to enhance monitoring of the upper Hudson, in particular the movement of sediments and polychlorinated biphenyls in the river during dredging. Data collected in the research effort will be made available publicly, and will be shared with state and federal regulatory agencies.


Can you envision yourself playing your favored computer game without hearing the shooting and nitroglycerins, in addition to other audio results in the video game? Well probably not. So if you want to totally appreciate your video clip pc gaming experience, you must invest on a good quality headset, something that will certainly last for a long period of time. Below are the most effective referrals of headsets that you can utilize for your video game console.
Astro A40 – 2011 Edition
The Astro A40 is highly advised for those who are seeking a headset that’s light-weight and also something that have comfy ear pads that are so pleasant to the ears. This headset is completely equipped with a 7.1 Dolby Digital surround sound system, and also it could support an iPad, a cell phone along with laptops as well as computers. It is connected using a 2.0 USB link and also is powered by four batteries.
Turtle Coastline Ear Pressure PX5
Just like with the Astro A40, this wireless headset is additionally fully furnished with a 7.1 Dolby Digital border audio as well as it is capable of improving the audio effects in your video games, such as the gun shots and footsteps of the pc gaming characters.
It features an one-of-a-kind voice changing capability that can disguise your voice and also it even has voice prompts on the headset in situation you get reduced bat. The headset is wireless and features through a Bluetooth, and can be used in both your cell phone and also computer systems. Know more information about the top 10 motorcycle bluetooth headsets thru the link.
Tritton AX Pro Dolby Digital Precision
The Tritton AX is fully equipped with a 5.1 Digital Surround Noise and is perfect for PS2, PS3 as well as several PC Systems. It can deal with any type of devices that have 3.5 analog outcome along with those with electronic optical output. It is likewise totally outfitted with a removable microphone that you can utilize for your XBOX live chat.
Turtle Beach Ear Force X41
This headset is furnished with a 7.1 Dolby Digital surround sound, as well as can also be gotten in touch with a residence theater system, so it is additionally ideal for film watching in your house cinema. It is wireless and has a transmission range of approximately 30 feet, and its significant 50-mm audio speakers makes certain sufficient to enhance the bass high quality of the noise that comes out of the audio speaker. It can be attached to an Xbox using a USB port link and is being powered by two batteries.
Given the huge choices readily available for your video clip pc gaming headset, it is currently very challenging to try to find something that matches you best. When seeking an excellent headset, ensure that you select something that is fully equipped with a digital border stereo, so you will fully enjoy your video gaming experience. The headsets discussed over maybe a bit costly, as compared with a regular headset, yet the experience you’ll have when using it on your video game is most definitely worth it.


Take Control, what are Smart Homes?
‘Alexa, will it rain today?’ Talking to inanimate objects in the home has become normal for some. It’s part of a rapidly growing trend to make homes smarter, but what exactly makes a home smart?
‘Smart home is a term we’ve heard in technical circles for a while now, but as more devices are coming to the market with these capabilities, it’s something that the average homeowner is starting to become familiar with. Even everyday kitchen appliances such as fridges and kettles, are being made smart,’ explains BRAND Designs director, Ashley Pearson.
After learning more about the different ways a home can be smart, it’s apparent that the easiest way to define a smart home is simply adding a device to your home to make everyday tasks easier, or even fully automated. While this may sound like a bit of a gimmick, it can make a big difference to many. People living with a disability for example can greatly benefit from these systems. Imagine being able to open and close the blinds and curtains with just a voice command. Adding simplicity, ease and security to people’s lives, is at heart of what makes the perfect smart home. It appears that every household can benefit from this new smarter way of living.
‘We often integrate smart home systems into our designs, especially in new build or refurbishment projects. Most common are lighting controls, which offer conveniences such as turning off all the lights in the home with a single button press when leaving. Popular too are music and AV systems for streaming music and TV into every room in the house, and even the garden. Automated curtains and blinds are fast becoming very popular, with the added privacy and security they provide to a home.’ All these smart devices have the added benefit of being controlled by a smartphone app or voice assistant, such as Alexa, Google Home, or Siri, as well as conventional switches.
The number of products available to add into a smart home is surprising, from freezers to thermostats. If it all starts to seem overwhelming that’s where the service from a specialist, like BRAND Designs can help. For people about to embark on a new build, the assurance from having experts see the project through from beginning to end is probably invaluable.
‘Although some of these smart products can be added to a home by a budding DIYer, for true integration and solid reliability, integrating smart technologies at the early planning stage is a must.’ says Ashley. ‘To get a design right, you need to take time to really learn what the homeowner wants to achieve, their requirements, and the way they will live day to day in their finished home. Only by working closely with the clients and trades involved on the project, can the perfect outcome be achieved’.
So, while receiving messages from the washing machine doesn’t seem like a benefit to anyone, being able to turn the heating up while returning from holiday certainly does have its appeal. As does being able to set the lights to automatically turn on and off to mimic people being home, while away from the home. Furthermore, many of these systems save energy by turning off unused appliances when the room or home is vacant. There are real world advantages to having these devices quietly working away in the background, while we go about our daily lives.


Multi-gigabit point-to-multipoint data transport
Dexor is a B2B solution to improve data transferring of large files to one or many receivers, even over Wide Area Networks. The core of the project is a Reliable Multi-Destination Transport Protocol (RMDT) - a great solution for fast data transmission over high-capacity WAN networks. It easily handles high packet delays and jitters, as well as significant packet losses in the network.
NordWhale developed a web application to work with RMDT protocol and manage files and servers in different locations. The most challenging part of this project was to make difficult management of a large number of servers very simple for end users.


AI in the hospitality industry: what can we expect?
In recent months it seems as though AI (artificial intelligence) has taken the world by storm. With the introduction of Chat GBT and other websites offering easy access to advanced AI technologies, it seems that the planet is starting to change and discussions surrounding the possibilities are everywhere we turn. But what can we expect for hotels, resorts and restaurants into the future? How will AI in the hospitality industry change the way hotels operate? In this article we look at artificial intelligence and discuss its relevance to the hospitality industry.
What is AI?
As you may already know, artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that focuses on developing computer systems that are able to think, learn and act like humans do. In recent months, it is safe to say that AI has taken the world by storm and offered all sort of industries the chance to reimagine what the future looks like.
AI can recognise patterns, draw conclusions, and even make decisions based on data and information that already exists. As a result of its ‘intelligence’, AI technologies can be used for a variety of tasks that are currently carried out by humans. Understanding natural language, playing games, recognising images, and predicting outcomes are some basic examples of what AI is able to do in 2023.
Successfully used in many industries, such as healthcare, finance, and robotics, AI is making its way into many of our lives, much quicker than we could have imagined. Predictions show that AI will continue to transform the way we interact with technology and will pave the way for a future of more intelligent machines.
How is AI already being used in the hospitality industry?
When it comes to AI in the hospitality industry, you might think that haven’t come to face to face with it quite yet. However, the likelihood is you are probably incorrect in such a judgement.
In fact, AI is already being used in the hospitality industry in a variety of ways. From virtual assistants to automated customer service, the technology is being leveraged to improve the customer experience and increase efficiency.
Virtual assistants and customer service
One of the most common uses of AI in hospitality comes in the form of virtual assistants. As AI technology has become more advanced, virtual assistants have become increasingly capable of understanding customer queries and providing accurate, personalised responses.
For example, you may have spoken to a chatbot on a hotel website – one which can answer simple questions or provide personalised recommendations or ideas. AI-powered chatbots have for a while now been used to answer basic customer service questions, such as “How do I change my reservation?” or “What time is check-in?”, reducing the load on customer service representatives and freeing them up to focus on more complex issues.
Another way in which AI is being used in the hospitality industry, is through inventory management. Specifically, AI is being used to help with inventory and restaurant operations, whereby AI-powered systems track orders, monitor stock levels, and suggest menu items that customers may be interested in. One of the main benefits of this is a reduction of waste as well as improved efficiency, and in general, increased customer satisfaction.
What else should we expect from AI in the hospitality industry?
It goes without saying that in the future, AI will become even more intelligent and therefore an even more integral part of the hospitality industry. So what should we expect from AI in the hospitality industry?
Increasingly complex tasks will be carried out
It is assumed by experts in the field that AI-powered technology will be used to further automate customer service tasks, such as answering customer inquiries, making reservations and booking rooms.
Whilst AI-powered chatbots already exist, in many cases these are only able to answer basic questions, and in some cases their responses can cause anger amongst those guests who have specific questions, requests and queries. In the future, AI will become increasingly capable of handling more complex tasks, such as helping individual customers find nearby attractions and planning activities.
Customisation and the enhancing of customer experiences
Instead of human concierge services, think for a moment about AI concierge services. It is thought that as we move forwards, AI will be used to further improve customer experiences, with personalisation at its core.
AI-powered systems can already be used to offer tailored services and experiences to individual customers, recommending activities to guests based on their preferences. However, it is thought that this could be integrated more deeply into the hospitality industry in the coming years. Activities recommended based on a customer’s interests and location will become increasingly common, whilst more complex layers, such as searching for relevant discounts, will be seamlessly integrated.
Comprehensive predictive analytics
Across all kinds of departments, it is thought that AI will become instrumental in predicting and preparing hospitality businesses in their operations. Leveraging predictive analytics, the technology will be able to analyse data and predict customer behaviour and market trends, thus resulting in better equipped and managed hotels, more informed decisions and effective marketing strategies.
In particular, AI will become valuable for hotels and their revenue management processes. By using predictive modelling, hotel professionals will be able to analyse historical data and predict future demand and revenue. In doing so, pricing will be optimised and revenue, maximised at all times.
Enhanced security and safety
When it comes to safety and security, AI is also set to change the way the hospitality industry functions, for both guests and staff alike. Firstly, using technologies such as facial recognition and motion detection, AI will help protect guests and their belongings. Specifically, this technology could include in-room sensors for security but also room entry and check-in technologies.
Secondly, with the help of data analysis and AI, hotels will also begin to develop initiatives to detect risks and increase general safety within a property by detecting issues and notifying hotel management in emergency situations.
The future of hospitality with AI in the picture
AI is becoming an increasingly important tool for the hospitality industry, and its use is likely to continue to grow in the coming years. As AI technology becomes more sophisticated and more widely adopted, the hospitality industry is likely to benefit from increased efficiency, improved customer experiences, and reduced costs.
As we move forwards towards a future where AI plays a larger role, hoteliers should familiarise themselves with its various uses, or they risk falling behind in the industry. Set to bring many improvements and enhanced capabilities to industry in the coming years, those who adapt and adopt are likely to see greater success.
Work with 1834 Hotels
1834 Hotels is an evolutionary one stop hotel, motel, resort and pub management solution. We take the essential and crucial tasks of hotel operations and adapt them to the tools, systems and automation of today.


Chances are you’ve seen a Hollywood film where criminals manage to access biometric security systems using basic spoof attacks such as gelatin-made fingerprints and fake irises. For example, in Minority Report, Tom Cruise’s character Anderson gets an eye transplant so that he can’t be identified by the citywide optical recognition system. But what’s even more amusing is that he carries his original eyeballs in a plastic bag to maintain access to his former workplace.
The reality is that the trick that Anderson used in Minority Report wouldn’t fool today’s advanced systems thanks to their liveness detection capabilities.
But before I go into more detail of how liveness detection ensures that biometric systems remain spoof proofed, I wanted to quickly touch on a recent example where a Register reader, named Kieran, managed to essentially recreate a scene straight out of a Hollywood film. He demonstrated how he unlocked his smartphone using the severed tip of his finger, parted from his hand as a result of an industrial incident.
So how was Kieran able to unlock his smartphone with a severed fingertip? In this instance, the severed tip belonged to the finger that was registered to the device and Kieran was able to access his device because the finger used to identify enrolment was the same used for the authentication. This means that there were no faults in the system of the manufacturer.
While we hope that using a severed finger to unlock a smartphone is very uncommon, can cases of using a silicone or gelatin finger to unlock a device be successful?
Where does liveness detection fit in this scenario?
Liveness detection is the ability of biometric systems to detect whether a fingerprint or face (or other biometric information) is real (from a live person present at the point the information is captured) or fake (from a spoofed artifact). It’s powered by AI which analyses the data collected by the biometric scanner and verifies if the source is coming from a live or fake representation.
The features of liveness detection are purposed to counter biometric spoofing attacks, where a replica is used to emulate a person’s unique biometric information.
It’s worth noting that the standard terminology in the market is ‘Liveness Finger Detection’, which means that it stops replicas imitating a person’s unique biometrics – like a fingerprint mold – but enables real fingers, dead or alive, to work. And consumer grade devices still haven’t evolved so much to include signs-of-life detectors. So, in Kieran’s case the technology worked to the market standards.
What is Presentation Attack Detection (PAD)?
Let’s look into single finger scanners to explain what a Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) is. Single finger scanners are usually used for ID verification mainly on unattended applications like ATMs. To avoid people using fake fingers to attack the system, these scanners have been fitted with a technology that is able to detect the real nature of the finger placed on the scanner – PAD. For example, the Thales Cogent Single Finger Scanner AI-based solution uses a patented technology that is based on infrared light, and has been independently tested by iBeta and verified to ISO/ IEC 30107-3 standard. It is the first in the world to receive the iBeta PAD level 2 certification. Our technology has also achieved an Attack Presentation Classification Error Rate (APCER) of 0%.
PAD is usually implemented within systems where security comes as a higher priority to user convenience, according to The Biometric Institute. That’s why many consumer devices are unlikely to have been equipped with the technology but given how quickly the market is growing as well as consumers’ increased security awareness, this will likely change soon.
As companies and organisations across the world search for the most secure method of authentication and identification, biometrics has quickly become one of the premier methods of ensuring these two principles. Failure to prevent fingerprint spoofing attacks may have serious consequences not just for individuals but on a wider scale.
Unfortunately, there isn’t a magic formula to combatting fingerprint spoof attacks at the moment, but the real solution lies in combining the right number of different features. In a marketplace that features an abundance of solutions, your best bet would be choosing a solution that meets the ISO Presentation Attack Detection benchmark.
Read more at Woods LLP
Licensed from https://dis-blog.thalesgroup.com/identity-biometric-solutions/2021/06/29/how-a-man-used-a-fake-finger-to-trick-his-smartphone-biometrics/


Craftwork makes amazing screen experiences easy
Craftwork plans, designs and builds intelligent and intuitive interfaces for electronic programme guides, video services and other interactive information and entertainment systems.
We create outstanding presentation and navigation systems that deliver the business objectives of our customers and satisfy the demanding requirements of their users.
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Fast, fluid, flexible user interfaces
Our foundation user interface framework provides powerful tools to create high-performance on-screen experiences for any application.
LUNA™ delivers television quality graphics on inexpensive display devices. Designed for user interaction and high performance, it takes visual user interfaces to the next level.
It supports high-quality anti-aliased graphics and excellent font rendering. Real-time visual effects offer a modern look and feel.
Graphics animate smoothly in high-definition at a consistent 50 or 60 frames per second, even on low-end devices.
You can download the Software Development Kit including a software simulator that allows you to develop, run and view applications on Windows, Mac or Linux platforms.


Film is nuanced. So is Filmbox.
The look and feel of motion picture film defines a century of art.
As we move beyond photochemical imaging, we need not leave behind its aesthetic quality.
Color & Tone
Film has a unique response to light intensity and wavelength.
Filmbox uses rich empirical datasets to transform scene-referred image data to embody the non-linearities of contact-printed negative.
Detail & Halation
As light strikes color film negative, different wavelengths scatter within the layers of emulsion and affect neighboring image regions in a very specific way.
Filmbox convolves digital image data to exhibit the soft yet detailed quality of the negative.
Grain & Texture
The perceptual intensity of film grain varies with the density of the developed negative.
Filmbox reproduces the quality and tonal distribution of grain as well as other subtle effects of the development process.
Gate Weave & Dust
Film transport mechanisms are not perfectly stable, and labs are not perfectly clean.
If desired, Filmbox can model the subtle instability of real 35mm and 16mm cameras, and procedurally place samples of real dust.
The look of projected film is the combination of the spectral characteristics of the negative and the print.
Filmbox maps the emulated negative to the light output of the digital display using a characterization of the combined photometric response of an actual contact printed negative.


Coral reefs, crucial ecosystems supporting millions of people, face threats from overfishing, climate change, and other factors. Monitoring these ecosystems is challenging at large scales and over time.
Researchers from the University of Hawai'i (UH) at Manoa have developed an AI-powered conservation tool that can identify and measure reef halos from space. This technology allows coral ecologists to study and monitor coral reefs more effectively. Grazing halos or sand halos are ring-like patterns of bare sand found around coral patch reefs. They serve as important indicators of coral reef health and vitality. The new method allows for the accurate identification and measurement of 90 % of the reef halos in the world, even in remote and inaccessible areas. With the help of deep learning algorithms, the AI powered process is significantly faster compared to manual human efforts, enabling efficient monitoring in a fraction of the time.
The team's future goal is to create a freely-available web application that enables conservation practitioners, scientists, and resource managers to remotely and efficiently monitor reef health using satellite or drone imagery.
Computer vision techniques have gained traction in medical and biological studies, as well as in ecology. Coupled with advancements in satellite imaging technology, image analysis has significantly enhanced large-scale ecosystem analysis and wildlife conservation efforts.


The University of Utah is asking creative and innovative students from across the globe to address real-world challenges facing wellbeing, home health and clinical needs in the 2nd Annual Games4Health Grand Prix Competition. Prize money will total $50,000 for digital games that improve various aspects of health.Read more »
M2M Now Money Talks mHealth Event Overview
M2M Now 'Money Talks – mHealth' will address the key issues of building better business models, regulation and standardization (Legislation, Security, Data Ownership) and improving the bottom line in the healthcare and wellness sectors.
News All news »
Healthcare professionals across the globe are turning to wireless technology to improve healthcare practices as they struggle to overcome the challenges faced by national healthcare systems.Read more »
BlackBerry Limited and NantHealth, a cloud-based information technology provider combining science and big data to transform healthcare,has announced the launch of the next generation of the NantHealth HBox, a portable medical device that captures and transmits secure medical data between the patient, doctor and hospital.Read more »


Visonicom FleetLink VDA-FL151 is a breakthrough wireless HD DLNA adapter to convert your non-DLNA TV into a full DLNA-certified TV wirelessly. With this wireless DLNA dongle, you can now share and wireless streaming media files without tethering your smart phone to the TV with an HDMI cable anymore.
The HD WiFi DLNA dongle is armed with DLNA & WiFi technology, when it is plugged into your TV set with simple setup, the HDTV becomes a smart TV immediately. You can wirelessly render (play to share) the media files stored in your smart devices (such as Android smart phones, Android PADs/tablet PCs, IPhone, IPad or PC) to the TV through wirelessly.
With this DLNA device, your TV set can be wirelessly and smartly connected to your home internet network. You are able to enjoy the media files from internet directly to the big screen of your TV by just finger tapping on your smart devices.
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Say no more to messy tangled cord charging and use this 10W fast charging wireless charger pad!
A special wireless charger pad that can safely boost up your device without the troubles of constant plugging and messy cord twisting. Featuring an upgraded built-in copper coil that delivers a powerful and larger sensing area for a convenient 360° charging position. Allowing you to smoothly power up your phone on any placement on the pad without getting uncharged. Moreover, this charger pad adopts a superior 10W charging speed that can charge your device from 0 to 100 percent in no time. Suitable for different devices models and brands with or without models, including iPhone 14, 13, 12, 11, 8 Plus, Samsung Galaxy S23, S22, S21, S20, S10, S9, and more.
This fast charging wireless pad supports a safer intelligent protection that consistently charges and automatically stops when fully boosted. Preventing the risk of getting your mobile from overheating, overcharging, overcurrent, overvoltage, and such. It does not also cause any damaging interference on your phone components and will quickly indicate a blue light as it senses metal objects. Ideal especially for those who always place or drop keys, jewelry, keychains, coins, and other metal on the pad. Made with the best wireless charging technology and materials that boasts to last several years without damaging or weakening performance.
Take the hassle out of juicing up your mobile and go wireless with this 10W charger pad!
Easy Place and Charge
A smart circular charger pad that uses an advanced electromagnetic induction to successfully transfer energy straight from your device. Allowing you to safely and swiftly power boost without the troubles of plugging into a cable and connecting it to a phone port which only winds up messily each time. Just simply plug the charger pad first, place your mobile flat on the pad to power up, and you're all done. This wireless pad adopts an upgraded built-in copper coil for a much better and larger sensing area to get that convenient 360° charging position. It enables you to freely and effortlessly drop your mobile down the pad horizontally, vertically, angled, and other placement without getting uncharged.
10W Fast Charging
Supports an impressive 10 watts charging speed that can boost your mobile from 0 percent to 100 percent battery in a breeze. Saving you from the frustration of waiting for prolonged hours just to fully power your device especially during on the move or a time crunch. Furthermore, the charging pad can consistently deliver 10w without posing any risk to the phone's battery health over long periods of time. No worries as this clever wireless pad also does not create any sort of harmful magnetic interference. It ensures that you can charge any time with not a single damage to your device and its components.
Safer Intelligent Protection
Boasts amazing protective qualities that naturally charge your phone with overall safety. It keeps the device in perfect place to avoid slipping and transfer energy continuously at a faster speed while ensuring it automatically stops when completely charged. Eliminating the risk and worries of overcharging, overcurrent, overvoltage, and circuit damages. What’s more? This wireless charging pad offers a handy cooling performance to keep your mobile from overheating. Lastly, it supplies an intelligent recognition that will flash a blue indicator light once it senses any metal object for security risk and better charging performance. Ideal when you accidentally place or drop your keys, jewelry, keychains, coins, and other metal on the pad.
Has high-applicability that can comply with 30W, 20W, 15W, and 10W mobile charging capacity. It can also boost up different smart devices from various brands from latest to oldest model types. Suitable for iPhone 14, 13, 12, 11, XR, XS max, X, 8 Plus, Samsung Galaxy S23, S22, S21, S20, S10, S9, and so on. You can even use it to smoothly charge even with your mobile cases on so you won’t have to constantly remove each time you get a low battery. Moreover, the wireless charging pad is conveniently slim and compact to be carried around easily and neatly stash inside bags without taking up space. Making it a handy charger at home or when you're out for work, office, vacation, hotels, dormitories, business trips, and more possibilities.
Made of high-quality and high-performance technology that strikes an excellent wireless fast charging performance. It guarantees a long-lasting everyday usage without damaging or slowing down your smartphone components. This charger pad does not also create any harmful leaching or dangerous electrical and fire hazards. Available in classic black and white colors selections.
- Power input: 5V/2A, 9V/2A (Auto-match)
- Output: 10W/7.5W/5W
- Size: 101x101x6.6mm
- Color: Black / White
- 1 x 10W Fast Charging Wireless Charger Pad


AR Foundation is a cross-platform framework, that enables you to build an AR application in Unity with one codebase, but lets you deploy it to multiple platforms. In this article, we’ll learn how to set up the Unity project for the Android platform.
For developing an AR application make sure to meet the following software and hardware requirements:
Let’s begin by creating a Unity project:
Now, we’ll set up the project in such a way that it can be built for our Android devices without any errors.
With that, we have set up our project with AR Foundation for Android deployment.
As we have our project setup, the next thing to do would be to set up the scene for AR and test it out as well.
Let’s have a detailed look at the GameObjects and components that we added:
With that have set up the basic scene for implementing AR.
For us to build the application into our device, the USB debugging mode has to be enabled. To do that:
We can now connect our device to our machine and Unity will be able to build an application into it.
With the project, scene and device setup for AR, it’s now time to build a demo application and test it.
With that, we can safely say that our project is ready for AR and android deployment.
Setting up the project and the scene was just the beginning. We can now further this project and try other features of AR Foundation like image detection, plane detection and face recognition.
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It’s Finally Time to Buy an Electric Lawn Mower
I spend a good bit of time looking for ways to lessen my family’s impact on the environment. Sometimes that means we need to do without something, such as using less water, but this isn’t always the case. Going Green can also have benefits beyond the environment and make your life a little better or a wee bit easier. Today let’s look at one of those mutually beneficial items: battery powered electric lawn mowers.
Though people have been enjoying cordless power tools for quite some time, they still shy away from heavy duty items. It’s hard to blame them. Battery powered electric motors just weren’t up to the task; not enough torque and/or not enough battery life. Electric mowers have been around for a while, but that either meant having to drag around and not chop up a power cord or using a slow to charge and heavy lead acid car type battery. Good news, technology has finally reached the level where an electric mower is an easy alternative to their traditional gas counterparts; which is mostly due to advances in lithium ion batteries.
So what makes the new crop of electric mowers a better alternative? The main factor is convenience. Instead of storing gas cans in the garage, all you need to do is pop the battery in the charger. My main battery takes a mere half hour to charge and in return I get 45 minutes or more of mowing time; enough too clear the front yard and part of the back on my half acre lot. There are larger capacity batteries available and some models hold two. Another big advantage is I don’t have to worry about any engine maintenance either. And, of course, the only pollution generated is at the power plant end. Let’s look at some more advantages and disadvantages of an electric mower.
- Lighter than gas mowers
- Much quieter
- Nearly zero pollution, only electricity
- No engine maintenance (gas, oil change, spark plugs, etc.)
- No gas cost or storage
- Batteries will lose charge quickly if mowing tall field grass
- Need to have a place to charge battery or have a backup handy
- Cost is a bit more than gas push mowers
So, should I run out and buy an electric mower? You should consider an electric model if you:
- Want to go green. Cuts fuel usage, oil, and air pollution
- Have a yard under 1 acre
- Would rather not spend time on maintenance
- Would like a much quieter mower
What’s on the market? There are several companies offering battery powered mowers, many of which can be found at retailers like Lowe’s ad Home Depot. Kobalt, EGO, Ryobi, Worx, just to name a few. Prices are slightly higher than comparable gas models, but then again you don’t need to buy gas or do any yearly maintenance. Larger capacity batteries are hitting the market now and with that are the first self-propelled models. Here are a few tips on buying a battery powered mower.
- Commit to a product line. Most will also have trimmers, leaf blowers, chain saws, etc. which all use the same type of interchangeable batteries.
- Don’t go cheap, you’re likely getting something with inferior battery life and power.
- Compare the batteries specifications between mowers. Looks at aH (amp hours equal cutting time) and voltage (motor power). Find a good balance for price.
- Check on extra/replacement battery price. Buying additional items, like a trimmer, pays off here.
- As always, read up on customer reviews to find the best brands and models.
Do you have a battery powered mower or are considering one? I’ve been very happy with mine and would love to hear from others. Feel free to post in the comments section below or on our social media channels.


Moto X Force: The world’s first shatterproof phone launched in India
it comes with Android Lollipop 5.1 which is upgradable to Android Marshmallow 6.0. The chipset gets the power from a 3 GB of RAM with 32/64 GB of internal storage. The external storage can be expandable up to 200 GB via Micro SD card.
The Moto X Force flaunts a 21 Megapixel primary camera with dual-LED (dual tone) flash. The device can record 2k videos at 30fps. There is a 5 Megapixel selfie camera with LED flash support. The Moto device houses a non-removable 3760 mAh battery which gives 25 hours of talk time on 3G.
It is available in two variants starting from Rs 49999 for 32 GB and Rs 53999 for 64 GB variant. Besides Flipkart and Amazon, the phone will be available at offline stores such as Spice Hotspot and Croma.


SP11 - 'MOSFET' Solid State Power Supply (25kw to 90kw)
Radio Frequency Induction Heating Power Supplies
- Application flexibility with a tuning range of 50-200 kHz.
- Continuous or intermittent duty
- 100% solid state design
- Ideal replacement for less efficient oscillator tube power supplies.
- High, 0.95 input power factor under all operating conditions.
- ±1% output regulation accuracy with ±10% line variance under all operating conditions.
- Single control board for reliable operation and simplified maintenance.
- Analog display of voltage, frequency, current and output power.
- Built-in digital heat timer.
- Optional RS-232/485 interface for automatic operation under computer control.
- Built-in load matching capacitors and variable ratio isolation transformer.
RF Power Supplies For General Purpose Induction Heating
STATIPOWER® SP11 is a self-contained, stand-alone solid state transistorized power supply for heating a wide variety of parts. Application capabilities include hardening, tempering, brazing, soldering, melting, bonding and shrink fitting. A broad range of single-turn and other low impedance heating coils can be properly matched with built-in load tuning capacitors and multi-tap output isolation transformer.
Compact Design For Stand Alone Operation
STATIPOWER® SP11 power supplies are up to 80% smaller and up to 2,000lbs. lighter than conventional RF power supplies. This efficient use of space is achieved without sacrificing performance. Output power regulation is ±1% with up to ±10% line variance; the input power factor is 0.95, regardless of loading; and energy conversion efficiency exceeds 85% (a tube style RF oscillator is typically 50% efficient to the load).
Manual or Computer Controlled Operation
All controls necessary for stand-alone operation are built into STATIPOWER® SP11 power supplies. This includes a digital heat cycle timer, analog meters for voltage, frequency, current and power, and LED operating and diagnostic indicators. For automatic control and/or record keeping, an optional RS-232/485 interface is available. The only installation requirements are power and water.
|Output Power at 50-200 kHz||Input kVA (max.)||Water Req. for 25 psi Pressure Drop||Dimensions WxDxH in. (mm)||Shipping Weight Pounds (kg)|
|Floor model 25 kW||32 kVA||6 gpm(20 lpm)||40x40x72 (1016x1016x1800)||500 (295)|
|Floor model 45 kW||58 kVA||10 gpm(38 lpm)||40x40x72 (1016x1016x1800)||770 (349)|
|Floor model 90 kW||120 kVA||18 gpm(70 lpm)||52x40x72 (1300x100x1800)||980 (445)|
|Energy Conversion Efficiency||85% minimum|
|Input Power Factor||0.95|
|Output Regulation||Voltage, power or current|
|Regulation Accuracy||±1% with ±10% line variance|
|Water Requirements||95° F (max.) (35° C)|
|Operator Controls||Panel-mounted analog meters for voltage, frequency, current and output power. LED operation and diagnostic indicators. Built-in digital heat cycle timer. Power, voltage or current control. Manual/timed selector switch. Local/remote control selector switch. Ten turn output control potentiometer. On-Off push buttons. Remote 0-10 volt or 4-20 m.|
|Safety Features||Fast-acting, semiconductor-type fuses. No high voltages.|
|Optional features||RS-232/485 interface.|
|*Specifications subject to change without notice|
Systems for the Metals and Materials Industry Worldwide


Luminous Battery Model – ILTT 26060 is Luminous highest capacity battery for Inverter application. It’s Capacity is rated at 220 AH.
The battery is designed to work for 8-10 years, however, Luminous offers 60* months warranty.
|Replacement warranty||36 month|
|Inverter support||600 VA – 10 KVA|
|Nominal Voltage||12 Volt|
|Dry Weight||Filled Weight||Overall Dimensions of Containers (mm)||Boost Charging||Trickle Mode Charging|
|±5%Kg.||±5%Kg.||Length (+/-3) mm||Width (+/-3) mm||Height (+/-3) mm||Starting rate (Amp)||Finishing rate (Amp)||Min. (mA)||Max (mA)|