The PAJ GPS is a pinnacle and must for safety. Driving safely comes with great peace of mind.
The PAJ GPS systems come in various packages and can be used by many. Each device comes with 4G technology and are easy to use, install and compatible with everything.
As a mother I am very aware of how important it is to be safe, therefore the Allround Finder 4G GPS is perfect for myself, families, a child (my son) and say a lone female. With approx. 20 days battery, up to 40 days in standby mode, this GPS system comes with a SOS button, radius alarm and other alarms.
The ability to drive without an extra thought makes the Car Finder 4G suitable for all driver to feel safe. This GPS is suitable for cars, vans, delivery services and comes with an alarm message as soon as the tracker is disconnected from the external power supply, which is vital to know.
All GPS devices are easy to use on all mobile devices, as well as on desktop computer, and works in in more than 100 countries. The features include alert functions, ease in sharing location and can store the data of travelled routes for up to 365 days.
The PAJ GPS car tracker device can be bought online at a very competitive price.


CHA power supplies meet international safety requirements and are compatible with most thermal sources and high vacuum deposition systems.
SR/SP Series Electron Beam Power Supplies
CHA Industries has discontinued manufacturing and offering for sale the CHA SR Series Electron Beam High Voltage Power Supply Models SR-15, SR-10, SR-6, SR-4 and the SP-8 Solid State PS effective September 30, 2017. CHA will continue to support existing SR Power Supplies until a time where either availability of spare parts or technical feasibility does not allow us to do so. CHA will be announcing an alternative PS in the coming months.
RESISTANCE POWER SUPPLIES
CHA's Resistance Power Supplies come available with 2000 Watt and 5000 Watt outputs to supply single or dual thermal deposition sources; and feature large, easily readable displays that show voltage and current data. Available in either rack-mountable and console configurations, these RPS Power Supplies meet all international safety requirements and are compatible with most thermal sources and high vacuum deposition systems.


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2013年富兰克林研究所，宾夕法尼亚州费城的领先科学博物馆获得了国家科学基金会（＃1138911）的批准，通过加强越来越多的城市社区，通过加强越野中心提供词干规划。将科学整合到亚兽：一种三维方法，从事科学的欠缺群体，或“Stew 3D”，是一个五年的项目，渴望将Stem学习融入粪便，家庭和社区作为建立积极科学身份的战略。和creating viable STEM pathways for Philadelphia children who might otherwise be disconnected from the city’s STEM-rich institutions and opportunities. The initiative had three major goals: first, to increase engagement in hands-on, inquiry-based science projects among upper elementary–age youth; second, to cultivate intergenerational support for science learning; and third, to evaluate the effectiveness of this 3D (afterschool, home, and community) approach in engaging children, families, afterschool educators, and community-based organizations in science learning and the project’s promotion of STEM professions. This article focuses on the professional development for implementing STEM activities that emerged as a result of the STEM 3D project and examines its impacts on educators and their students. STEM 3D worked on building educators’ skills and confidence in developing and implementing high-quality project-based STEM units that can help children see STEM learning as something embedded in their homes and neighborhoods. The article will discuss STEM 3D’s professional development approach for facilitating afterschool, project-based learning in STEM. An additional focus of this article is how STEM 3D ultimately shaped the strategies that the Franklin Institute now incorporates into its professional development initiatives with both formal and informal educators.


Kirkland Microwave Repair New York
Microwave Is Not Operating at All Examine the line fuse. If as well solid of a current is attracted with the microwave the fuse will certainly blow. You can replace the line fuse, but you may require a technician to attend to the factor that the line fuse headed out to begin with. If you discard that action of diagnosis, you will certainly probably maintain needing to replace the line fuse up until you reach the root of the trouble. The high voltage circuit, high voltage capacitor, diode, transformer or magnetron may be at the origin of the underlying issue. A repairman can examine the wiring problem that is creating the line fuse to blow. You could additionally check the thermal fuse for connection. If a thermal fuse is blown the microwave will certainly not warm.Loud MicrowavePay attention to the sound that your microwave is making. If the microwave is loud just during the time that it is heating up food, your magnetron tube may be faulty. The magnetron tube relies upon DC power to create the frequency that cooks the food. A magnetron tube that works normally ought to be silent. A broken magnetron tube generates high pitched screeching noises or gurgling noises. The magnetron tube will certainly should be changed. However, if you microwave is making a loud grinding sound, inspect the stirrer motor. This motor is included a steel blade that turns as it disperses energy inside the microwave. The stirrer motor grinds as it stops working. When the stirrer electric motor is not functioning your food is not heated equally. Your Kirkland convection microwave is developed to warmth food equally. If your food is not heating evenly and the microwave is making a grinding sound, change the stirrer electric motor. If both the magnetron tube as well as stirrer electric motor are in tact, the turntable electric motor or exhaust follower electric motor could be the issue.Assessing certain panels and also parts can be a bit harder in integrated in models rather than counter top designs. It can be harder to properly detect and also troubleshoot concerns on constructed in versions. If you have a builtin microwave, it remains in your benefit to trust a service technician that could provide Kirkland over the range microwave repair service.Count on a Kirkland device repair service technician for your Kirkland microwave repair service demands. Your devices require the best care to make sure years of usage. If you take great treatment of your devices you will certainly not need to maintain changing them.


Professional Graphic / Audio Equalizer (EQ231)
Two 31-band, 1/3-octave Constant Q frequency bands
Switchable boost/cut ranges of ± 6 or ± 12 dB
12dB per octave 40Hz low-cut filter
Front panel bypass switch
± 12 dB input gain range
4-segment LED ladders for monitoring output levels
XLR and TRS Inpts and Outputs
Internal Toroidal Transformer
Frequency Repsonse of <10Hz to >50KHz
Dynamic range of greater than 108dB
INPUTConnectors: 1/4" TRS, female XLR (pin 2 hot)
Type: Electronically balanced/unbalanced, RF filtered
Impedance: Balanced 40k ohm, unbalanced 20k ohm
Max Input Level: >+21dBu balanced or unbalanced
CMRR: >40dB, typically >55dB at 1KHz
OUTPUTSConnectors: 1/4" TRS, male XLR (pin 2 hot)
Type: Impedance-balanaced/unbalanced, RF filtered
Impedance: Balanced 100 ohm, unbalanced 50 ohm
Max Output Level: >+21dBu balanced/unbalanced into 2k ohm or greater
>+18dBm balanced/unbalanced (into 600 ohm)
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As a part of expansion policy in Digital platforms, a growing number of old economy companies are using improved technologies such as Internet of Things(IOT) and Artificial Intelligence(AI). Various multinational companies are pumping huge resources in digital arena and trying to capture a huge pie.
A way looking forwards by such firms is to make shift from offering operational support and maintenance support to providing higher services like adding sensors to products, providing steady data, and analytics.
Organisations are looking for great opportunities among the boundaries between business, engineering and technology to scale new heights. Consumer technology is driving enterprise technology. Investment in technology has been shifted from a cost-based approach to adding revenues. This new way of doing business is Industry 4.0 or the 4th Industrial Revolution. The technologies being experimented are Internet of Things, Analytics, Machine learning and Blockchain.
Companies are putting these technologies to internal use first before making them commercially viable.


Entanglement is the weirdest quantum phenomenon – so weird that even Einstein, who remember gave us warped space-time, time travel and black holes – didn’t believe it calling it ‘spooky action at a distance’. It is when interacting quantum particles maintain an instantaneous connection even after they have been separated by huge distance so that measurements performed on one instantaneously influences the state of the other. Nevertheless, quantum entanglement has been demonstrated in many experimental systems and is the basis of quantum teleportation, whereby particles and codes can be instantly transported across arbitrary distances. For example, researchers recently teleported a photon 143km between the two Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife.
Entanglement already plays a role in quantum biology, as the proposed mechanisms by which birds such as robins – see here. However, a new paper from Vlatko Vedral’s group at the University of Oxford claims of the successful entanglement of bacteria with photons—particles of light. The paper written by Chiara Marletto and published in October in the Journal of Physics Communications, describes experiments in which the team trapped several hundred photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria between two mirrors in a cavity of just a few hundred nanometers. They then shone light into the cavity potentially allowing the photons to become entangled with the photosynthetic pigment molecules.
Analysis of the data suggested that the bacteria’s photosynthetic systems did indeed becoming entangled with the light inside the cavity: the emitted light. The key signature of entanglement was something called Rabi splitting. Although this can be caused by non-entangled systems, it seems much more likely that in this case the data is best explained by quantum entanglement.
The result is a fantastic combination of experiment and theory. Are the bacteria really entangled with light? Probably. In a sense, it would be a surprise if they weren’t as we know that entanglement is a fundamental feature of the quantum world. But the entanglement did survive for hundreds of femtoseconds which suggests that quantum states are feasible in living cells. The experimental setup may even be a cool way of probing the interaction of quantum coherence and noise in living systems.


Simply Conserve 7 Outlet Advanced Power StripI-SMCAPS007-01-XXXX-XXXX-V1 4.1 star rated
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After a $5 Instant Rebate
- Energy Star: No
- Water Sense: No
- Media Feature: images/Lifestyle_Images/I-SMCAPS007-01-XXXX-XXXX-V1_Lifestyle.jpg
- Media Feature Markdown: 1. Plug in TV, computer or other primary device to the main control outlet. 2. Plug in game consoles, DVD players, monitors or other peripheral devices to the switched outlets. These will only power-on when the main device is turned on. 3. Plug in a device that always needs power, like a modem or cable box to the always-on outlet. 4. Plug in power strip to a power outlet.
- TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR POWER USAGE. Did you know that your plugged-in devices are always using energy, even when powered off? Eliminate that excess usage and trim your utility bill with this Tier 1 Energy-Saving Advanced Power Strip. It works by intelligently cutting off power to connected devices when they’re not in use, eliminating phantom and standby power losses without ever unplugging the equipment. _Please note, this strip includes 7 total outlets consisting of 1 control outlet, 2 always on outlets and 4 switched outlets. The switched outlets will only power-on when the main device is turned on._


Sometimes, the simplest solutions – like a programmable thermostat, replacement lightbulbs and power strips – are the hardest ones to figure out. But with a little research, some savvy shopping and careful integration into your daily life, these energy savers could pay for themselves several times.
Shopping for a programmable thermostat?
There are plenty of brands and styles on the shelves at hardware stores, home centers and big-box retailers – but one thing you won’t find today is a programmable thermostat that carries the Energy Star® label. The organization dropped the label from these products in 2009. Why?
Programmable thermostats potentially can save you up to $180 a year on heating and cooling costs according to Energy Star, but many folks miss out on the savings by incorrectly setting up their new thermostats – or just using them like a conventional, old-style thermostat.
“Most people failed to use the programmable capabilities,” says Brian Sloboda, a program manager specializing in energy efficiency for the Cooperative Research Network, the research and development arm of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. This led to poor ratings on consumer surveys, which resulted in the loss of the Energy Star seal for most programmable thermostats.
Today, smart thermostats are an easier-to-use, but often more expensive, alternative. They come with electronics that help do the work of detecting and setting the temperature in your home.
“Sensors will start to turn the thermostat up or down, depending on the season,” Sloboda says. Within a few days of installing the device, the system will begin to learn your schedule, automatically dialing your thermostat back when you’re not home.
The addition of smart phone and iPad apps help make temperature control easy, he adds. “Using an app interface should be more intuitive than the old-fashioned programmable thermostat.”
Residential lighting: Pay now, save later
By now you know that Thomas Edison’s incandescent lightbulb has dimmed. January 2014 marked the end of production for this style of bulb, under a federal provision to phase out and replace it with more energy-efficient options. Currently, there are three choices: halogen-incandescents, CFLs and LEDs.
LEDs are getting the most attention now in the marketplace, and their prices have dropped significantly during the last couple of years. Lighting experts recommend sticking with brands you know and trust. GE, Sylvania and Philips have been longtime consumer lighting choices, but Sloboda says don’t overlook the lesser-known Cree lighting products.
When you go shopping, spend a little time reading the Lighting Facts label on the packaging for the LEDs. It will come in handy when you want to narrow your lighting choice by light output, which is measured in lumens; choose the most lumens per number of watts. For example, an LED lightbulb that’s equivalent to a traditional 60-watt incandescent bulb may be rated at 800 lumens and 12 watts.
Also consider color temperature, which gives your bulbs a warm, soft white tone (which many people prefer for living and sleeping areas) or a cooler, daylight look for bathrooms, kitchens and work areas. A warm white bulb will have a yellowish tint and a color temperature of 2700K, while a daylight bulb will be at the other end of the color scale (blue) at 5000K. You also may see daylight-labeled bulbs that fall in between, at around 3500K. Try a couple of different LEDs to determine which you like best.
As with thermostats, smart devices also have arrived in the lightbulb aisle. Manufacturers such as Philips are among the companies manufacturing LEDs you can control from your cell phone, changing brightness and color to suit your mood.
“Today’s lighting is really starting to become part of a home’s entertainment system,” says Sloboda. “You can do things like create a party mode, a romantic mode, a reading mode or a mode for watching TV – all with the flip of a switch.”
Smart power strips can unplug electronics for you
They’re usually trapped under a desk or behind a TV, but traditional power strips work hard to affordably expand the number of electrical outlets in your home. Unfortunately, their convenience can encourage you to leave electronics plugged in all the time – and many devices keep drawing power even when you're not using them. This phantom or vampire power drain wastes electricity and can be costly.
Continually unplugging household appliances and gadgets is one solution, but it’s not the best option for saving money, power or your time. Smart power strips can help. They’re color coded and designed to reduce usage by shutting down power to products that go into standby mode.
Most feature multiple outlet colors, each with a unique task. The blue outlet serves as a control plug, and is ideal for a heavily used device such as a TV or computer. Anything plugged into red outlets stays on, making it perfect for satellite boxes or other appliances that need constant power. The remaining outlets are sensitive to current flowing through the blue outlet, so turning off the TV or computer cuts power to them as well.


Click here to see the current inventory available for sale.
My guitar amplifiers features a flexible preamplifier module to provide a wide range of voicing options. The amplifier is voiced in both analog and in digital. By using the proper mixture of analog and digital components you get great flexibility and low noise. A DSP allows you to run a complicated multi-band distortion engine that would be too costly to implement in analog.
The distortion model is not meant to emulate other amplifiers, but instead have its own unique sound. If you want to model classic guitar amplifiers, go elsewhere. I provide the next generation of sound without looking back. Thick fat tones you can only get by running two independent amplifier sections slightly detuned as well as some odd and unique sounds only attainable thru multi-band distortion.
But it does not stop there, the DSP also runs the built in effects reverb , chorus , and delay . All of the effect parameters easily controlled by knobs rather than some cryptic menu and some buttons. Great lengths went into designing an interface that is easy and fun to use, even for a first timer. All functions are controlled by 5 knobs, 2 buttons, and 8 bicolor leds.
On the back you will find the usual outputs you see on most amps and a few surprises. There are a pair of speaker jacks to connect speakers. Internally there are a pair 15 watt Class-D amplifiers to drive external speakers. There is also a handy inserts if you want to record directly to a mixer, add you own effect processor, or even to attach a kilowatt amplifier to wake the neighbors. A footswitch jack lets you select from 4 user presets. A power jack is provided to charge the internal lead acid batteries.
A serial port gives you a unique interface into the amp. You can query the amp to see what value each parameter is set or look to see how much resources are currently being used. It allows you to share your favorite presets over the web, and if all goes well, fingers crossed, I want to have a presets from your favorite guitarists available for free on this site. The serial port is driven by PicPuter , my pic basic 'interpreter'.
Preamplifier Features Include:
|Webpage, Pictures, and Files (C)2003,2005 by Todd Modjeski , All Rights Reserved. Built : Thu Jun 30 17:57:22 2005|


Switching by the Layer
When I was growing up in Brooklyn, I remember TV commercials referring to a brand of cigarettes with the slogan, I would rather fight than switch! Today, cigarette advertisements on television are banned, and most network administrators have either changed or are considering changing their LAN infrastructure to a switched-based environment, effectively discarding years of prior investments in shared media technology. What started as a gradual migration to switched-based equipment during the early to mid 1990s, is now a full-scale migration affecting the LAN infrastructure of most organizations. The benefits of LAN-based switching are considerable for end users, but for some manufacturers (dependent upon the sale of shared media hubs) the migration of customers to new technology almost put them out of business. This effect is obvious when you compare the current price of shares in several former hub manufacturers to the price just a few years ago. As other manufacturers produced switching equipment to satisfy the requirements of end users, product differentiation became an important consideration. Some equipment manufacturers focused their attention on switch connectivity options, providing Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM backbone connectivity. Other equipment manufacturers enhanced the switching capability of their products, effectively moving up the protocol stack to support switching at the network layer (layer 3) or at the transport layer (layer 4) of the International Standards Organization Open System Interconnection (ISO) Reference Model. As you might expect, some vendors incorporated both increased connectivity and enhanced switching capability into their product offerings.
In this article, I focus on different types of LAN switching, starting with the data link layer (layer 2). Because certain switch features have different effects at different layers, I also focus on different switching methods that represent those switch features. The best method to approach LAN switching is by obtaining an appreciation for its capability, so I first compare and contrast switching and shared media operations. Then I illustrate the basic types of switching techniques and switching methods and move up the protocol stack to explore switching at layers 2 through 4.
The Rationale for Switching
It is easy to obtain an appreciation for the rationale behind the development of switches by first examining the throughput obtainable on a shared media-based network. Consider the upper portion of Figure 1 that illustrates a bus-based shared media Ethernet LAN with 20 stations to include a mix of servers and workstations.
Although a bus-based shared media LAN is shown in the top portion of Figure 1, this schematic is also applicable to a conventional hub-based network infrastructure where frames transmitted into one port of the hub are broadcast out of all other hub ports, as shown in the lower portion of the figure. For both bus-based and hub-based shared media networks, only one network station at a time can transmit, with the resulting transmission either flowing on the cable for all other stations to receive (Figure 1a), or repeated onto all other ports for stations to respond to (Figure 1b). Of course, only the station with the destination address in the frame actually copies the frame off the network.
When one station on a shared media network is active, it has the ability to use all available network resources. In the case of a 10Base-T Ethernet network, this situation enables a station to continuously transmit data without the possibility of collisions that cause a random exponential backoff algorithm to be executed and adversely affect throughput. Thus, when only one station is transmitting, it is possible for data transfer to approach 10 Mbps. However, because Ethernet includes a gap of 9.6 µs between frames, the actual transfer rate will be slightly under the 10 Mbps operating rate. Assuming that two stations have files to transfer, they obviously cannot simultaneously transmit data successfully or a collision would occur. Thus, they must share the bandwidth, resulting in each station having an average data transfer capability of 5 Mbps. The average data transfer rate on a shared media network then becomes operating rate/n, where n represents the number of active stations on the network.
To illustrate the effect of station activity, consider a 10 Mbps Ethernet network with 40 active stations. The average data transfer rate then becomes 10 Mbps/40, or 250,000 bps, which is not sufficiently greater than a V.90 dial modem with compression enabled. While an average data transfer rate in the hundreds of thousands of bits per second was sufficient during an era when terminal devices primarily displayed alphanumeric characters, the migration to Windows-based terminal devices and the transfer of graphic images when viewing Web pages could easily saturate shared media networks. Recognizing this problem, communications equipment developers reinvented the concept behind telephone company central office switches, applying switching to local area networks.
LAN Switch Fundamentals
A LAN switch can be considered to represent an n by m device, with n and m representing numbers of I/O ports that are cross-connected via a switching architecture. That architecture can range from a high-speed bus to a matrix of crossed wires, with the latter illustrated in Figure 2. The switch in Figure 2 illustrates a 16-port switch, whose architecture is fabricated as a 4 by 4 crossbar. Because the use of two ports is required to route a frame through a switch, a maximum of 16/2 or 8 frames can be simultaneously routed through the switch shown in the referenced exhibit. If a computer with a 10Base-T network adapter is connected to each port on the 16-port switch, the theoretical data transfer capability becomes 16/2 * 10 Mbps, or 80 Mbps. Here I used the term theoretical because most transmissions represent portions of a client-server session. This means that if you connected 14 workstations and 2 servers to a 16-port switch, the switch would probably be limited to a maximum of two simultaneous client-server frame flows, resulting in the practical maximum data transfer through the switch becoming 20 Mbps. While 20 Mbps is certainly less than the theoretical maximum, it is still significantly above the average transfer rate obtainable on a shared media network. Thus, the rationale for the rapid acceptance of LAN switches can be explained in one word -- performance.
Layer 2 Switching Techniques
Because layer 2 switches represent the first series of LAN switches to be marketed, I initially focus on this category of communications product. At layer 2, a switch makes its forwarding decision based upon the destination address contained in each frame. The operation of most layer 2 switches resembles that of multiport bridges, with the switch learning the addresses of stations connected to each port by examining the source address of frames transmitted into each port. This allows the switch to construct an address-port table that is used to route frames entering the switch on one port through the switch, so that they are output onto the correct destination port. The actual switching technique used by layer 2 switches falls into one of three methods -- cut-through, store-and-forward, or hybrid.
A cut-through switch only needs to read a small portion of a frame to include its destination address before being able to initiate switching. For example, Figure 3 illustrates the format of an Ethernet frame. Note that a cut-through switch only has to read the preamble and start-of-frame delimiter fields prior to being able to read the destination address field value. This means that only 16 bytes of the frame need to be read prior to a cut-through switch being able to initiate its switching logic. This also means that the switch delay or latency is minimized. In fact, another name for cut-through switching is on-the-fly switching. Although cut-through switching minimizes delay, it cannot act upon the integrity of a frame because switching begins once the destination address is read. Additionally, because a switching decision is made after the first three fields in the frame are read, a cut-through switch cannot perform filtering on anything other than the destination address.
A switch operating in a store-and-forward mode stores an entire frame in memory. As the frame is being stored, it will use the destination address as a mechanism to determine where it should be switched; however, the actual switching operation cannot occur until the full frame is stored and some additional processing occurs. That additional processing commonly includes a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) computed on the frame, which is compared to the CRC stored in the frame's Frame Check Sequence field. If the two do not match, the frame is considered to be in error and is dropped.
Because the frame is stored in a store-and-forward switch, filtering can occur on any field in the frame; however, latency can be considerably more than when the switch operates in a cut-through mode. In fact, latency on a store-and-forward switch is variable and depends upon the amount of data transported in the Information field (which for Ethernet can vary from a minimum of 46 bytes to a maximum of 1500 bytes). For example, a frame transporting 46 bytes of data has 26 bytes of overhead, resulting in a minimum frame length of 72 bytes. At a 10-Mbps operating rate, the delay per bit is 1/10,000,000, or 1 x 10-7 sec. Thus, waiting for 72 bytes to be stored results in a minimum latency of 72 bytes * 8 bits/byte x 1 x 10-7 sec/bit, or 57.6 µsec. Similarly, a maximum length frame containing 1500 bytes in its Information field has a total length of 1526 bytes to include 26 bytes of overhead, resulting in a latency of 1526 bytes * 8 bits * 1 x 10-7 sec/bit, or 1220 µsec. Although store-and-forward switches can perform integrity checking and filtering, their variable latency typically precludes their use for transporting many time sensitive multimedia applications.
Recognizing the fact that cut-through and store-and-forward operations are better suited for different applications, manufacturers introduced hybrid switches. Some hybrid switches can be set for either a cut-through or store-and-forward mode of operation. Other hybrid switches support a dynamic mode of operation, initially operating in the cut-through mode and computing the frame error rate on the fly. If the error rate reaches a predefined threshold value, the switch changes its mode of operation to store-and-forward, which allows erroneous frames to be discarded instead of forwarded. Now that we have an appreciation for basic layer 2 switching techniques, let's briefly examine two methods of switching prior to moving up the protocol stack.
There are two basic switching methods -- port and segment switching. A port switching method results in a switch supporting only one address per port. In comparison, a segment switching method supports multiple addresses per port, which enables a network segment to be connected to a switch port. While a segment switching method enables a single device to be connected to a switch port, the reverse is not true. That is, you cannot attach a LAN segment to a port switching switch.
Figure 4 illustrates an example of a segment switching switch. Note that in this example two servers are directly connected to switch ports while servers on other segments remain connected to their segments, and each segment is connected to a switch port. The servers on a segment could represent departmental servers while the servers connected to individual ports could represent enterprise servers.
Layer 3 Switching
Layer 3 of the OSI Reference Model represents the network layer. Thus, a layer 3 switch operates at the network layer. This normally means the switch must have a routing capability as network addresses in packets, instead of frame addresses, are now processed. While this may appear to be a minor difference, actually the switch has to look deeper into each frame when performing layer 3 switching. To understand the reason for this, consider Figure 5 that illustrates the relationship of the TCP/IP protocol suite packet formation to its transportation within a LAN frame. Note that a TCP or UDP header prefixes application data at layer 4 in the protocol stack, with the appropriate port number in the header identifying the application. The IP header is prefixed to the prior header and contains the source and destination IP address of the packet, enabling routers to perform their job. However, when an IP datagram reaches a LAN it must be encapsulated within a LAN frame. This means that to perform layer 3 switching, the switch must look further into each frame, past the LAN header to read the network header. This also means that latency increases. For this reason layer 3 switching is not capable of reaching the frame processing rates of layer 2 switches.
While a layer 3 switch can be considered to perform routing as it operates on network addresses, on a LAN it uses port-address tables in a manner similar to a layer 2 switch; however, network addresses are normally configured whereas a layer 2 switch learns layer 2 addresses. In this mode of operation a layer 3 switch may not perform true routing, and its cost can be reduced by eliminating support for many routing protocols.
A second type of layer 3 switch is a special purpose router that uses application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware instead of a microprocessor-based engine to perform routing. Designed for use on wide area networks, layer 3 WAN switches are commonly referred to as a switching router or router switch, and typically employ one or more techniques to expedite the flow of packets without the switch having to look into each packet header, which delays packet processing.
Over the past few years, several techniques were implemented by different vendors as a mechanism to expedite layer 3 switching. Each of these techniques is based upon the use of a tag or label to expedite the flow of packets through the switch. Under this type of switching, a lookup of the destination address is performed once per flow, with a flow representing a series of related packets. Once the destination port is identified, a tag or label is prefixed onto each packet by the layer 3 router switch. The tag or packet addition facilitates the flow of packets through a WAN network as subsequent switching routers can examine the new header and compare it to a table entry to make a routing decision without having to look deep into each packet. Through the use of a tag or label, packet processing is facilitated, which is an important consideration in an era of network congestion. Unfortunately, the use of tags and labels has represented proprietary solutions to traffic congestion. Fortunately, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) published a Request for Comment (RFC) covering Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) that, when standardized and implemented by vendors, could considerably enhance the flow of traffic across the Internet and private intranets.
Layer 4 Switching
Layer 4 switching represents the newest wrinkle in switching technology. A layer 4 switch represents a routing switch, which both looks further into packets to determine the composition of transport layer fields, as well as to make routing decisions based upon the contents of those fields. Layer 4 switching currently is only applicable to the TCP/IP protocol suite, with vendors fabricating equipment that examines TCP and UDP port values as a mechanism for routing decisions. Because the routing switch examines TCP and UDP port values, it can determine the type of traffic carried by a packet. This means a layer 4 routing switch can be used as a mechanism to balance incoming traffic among a group of servers in a server farm connected to a switch, similar to Figure 6. To my knowledge, this is the primary function of a layer 4 routing switch.
There are currently no standards concerning layer 4 switching. In fact, one vendor bases their product upon layer 2 and layer 4 and does not perform layer 3 routing. Instead, the switch operates as a bridge and transfers packets based upon their layer 2 address; however, the bridging means that the switch requires a separate router to establish a connection to the Internet if you want to employ this device as a traffic load balancer similar to the configuration in Figure 6.
One interesting application for layer 4 switches is as an access control mechanism. Under heavy traffic conditions, the use of a router's access list capability to bar certain types of traffic can significantly impede router throughput, especially when the access list contains a significant number of statements. In this situation, an ASIC-based layer 4 switch can be used as a back-end security policy implementator behind a router.
When examining the potential use of switches in a network, it is important to understand that generally the higher the layer supported, the deeper the need to examine fields within frames or packets. This means that when a switch incorporates a routing capability, the higher the layer processed, the lower the processing capability of the switch. Because a switch permits multiple simultaneous transmissions between pairs of ports, its capability is significantly beyond shared media hubs. This is why many organizations have used their checkbooks as votes to literally switch, rather than share.
About the Author
Gilbert Held is an award-winning lecturer and author. Gil is the author of over 40 books and 300 technical articles. Some of Gil's recent titles include Voice over Data Networks covering TCP/IP and Frame Relay and Cisco Security Architecture (co-authored with Kent Hundley), both published by McGraw Hill Book Company. Gil can be reached at: email@example.com.


Learn to connect your personal computers without network switch or hub.
very simple with few steps.
1. Twisted pair Cat 5e network cable (UTP or STD), length of the cable depend on you.
2. Two pieces of RJ-45 connectors
Step 1: Prepare the cable, remove about 2" of the PVC cover from each end of the cable like shown in the figure 1.
then line up the twisted cables in the following order, one end must be like in the figure 2 and the other end must be like figure 3.
(Figure 2) (Figure 3)
Step 2: Insert connector. before inserting the wires into the cap leave only about 1" inch of the wires outside the cover like in the figure below.
Insert the end of the cable in to the connector as like in the below figure, and tight well using the crimper.
do the same to the other end but don't forget to change the order of colors of wire shown above in figure 2, and figure 3.
After crimping both ends it will be like this.
Now the cable is ready for the connection...!!


Optical Bypass Switches
A bypass switch (or bypass TAP) is a hardware device that provides a fail-safe access port for an in-line active network device such as an intrusion prevention system (IPS), next-generation firewall, network switch etc. if the device loses power, experiences a software failure, or is taken off-line for updates or upgrades, traffic can no longer flow through the critical link. The bypass switch or bypass tap removes this point of failure by automatically ‘switching traffic via bypass mode’ to keep the critical network link up.
A bypass switch has four ports. Two network ports create an in-line connection in the network link that is to be monitored. This connection is fully passive; if the bypass switch itself loses power, traffic continues to flow unimpeded through the link.
Two monitor ports are used to connect the in-line device. During normal operation, the bypass switch passes all network traffic through the network (CPE) switch as if it were directly in-line itself. But when the switch (CPE) loses power, is disconnected, or otherwise fails, the bypass switch passes traffic directly between its network ports, bypassing the CPE, and ensuring that traffic continues to flow on the network link.
A bypass switch monitors the health of the CPE by sending heartbeats to the network switch (CPE) as long as the network device/switch is on-line, the heartbeat packets will be returned to the optical bypass switch and the link traffic will continue to flow through the CPE.
If the heartbeat packets are not returned to the Optical Bypass Switch (CPE has gone off-line), the Optical Bypass will automatically bypass the CPE and keep the link traffic flowing. The Optical Bypass also removes the heartbeat packets before sending the network traffic back onto the critical link.


JellyBelly, love your name.
I use LED Light Vest, it provides path lighting in the full on mode or when you run when path lighting is not needed it has a flash mode. Local law enforcement officers tell me that the LED Light Vest makes you visible for over 3 miles. The vest comes with a rechargeable battery pack and a smart charger to keep your battery charged. The vest runs for over 4 hours on a charge and weighs in at 11 oz. Check it out at http://www.ledlightvest.com/


The new buzzword in militaries across the world today is ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI) — the ability for combat platforms to self-control, self-regulate and self-actuate, using inherent computing and decision-making capabilities. That advanced computing technologies today enable autonomous systems to identify and strike hostile targets is no surprise. What is new is that a fast deteriorating security environment in the maritime commons has led to a growing interest in ‘intelligent’ naval missiles that promises to revolutionise future maritime combat.
While advancements in remotely operated weapons like drones have been driving superior AI technology, there are, however, complex questions that remain unanswered. Many of them have to do with the logic of AI in defence systems. What, for instance, is the real incentive for military commanders to encourage the development and deployment of autonomous weapons? Is the case for divesting human executive control over weapons systems fundamentally self-defeating? Does the growing deployment of anti-access/area denial weapons justify AI enabled systems in littorals spaces? Lastly, and perhaps most crucially, in the face of electronic/cyber capability advancements, is the use of autonomous weapons at sea an unavoidable reality?
A good point of departure for the discussion on autonomous combat systems is a recent report in the Chinese media about the development of a family of cruise missiles with artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. In August this year, a Chinese daily reported that China’s aerospace industry was developing tactical missiles with inbuilt intelligence that would help seek out targets in combat. The ‘plug and play’ approach, a Chinese aerospace executive pointed out, could potentially enable China’s military commanders to launch missiles tailor made for specific combat conditions.


Timeplex Industrial Limited
RC Drone,Mini RC Drone,Remote Control Drone,RC Drone With Camera,720P Drone
The drone is abbreviated as "UAV", abbreviated as "UAV", which is a non-manned aircraft operated by radio remote control equipment and self-contained program control device, or operated autonomously by the onboard computer completely or intermittently.
Compared to manned aircraft, drones are often better suited for tasks that are too "dull, dirty or dangerous." UAVs can be divided into military and civilian applications according to the application field. In military terms, drones are divided into reconnaissance planes and drones. Civilian, drone + industry application, is the real need for drones; currently in aerial photography, agriculture, plant protection, micro-self-timer, express delivery, disaster relief, observation of wildlife, surveillance of infectious diseases, mapping, news reports, power patrol The application in the fields of inspection, disaster relief, film and television shooting, and manufacturing romance has greatly expanded the use of the drone itself. The developed countries are also actively expanding the application and development of drone technology.


In today’s fast-paced digital world, smartphones have become an indispensable part of our lives. With numerous options available, choosing the right smartphone can be a daunting task. Two major contenders in the market are iPhones and Android devices. While Android devices offer a wide range of features and customization options, iPhones have their own set of advantages that make them stand out. In this article, we will delve into the top 10 reasons why iPhones are often considered better than Android devices.
Integrated Hardware and Software
When it comes to iPhones, Apple has full control over both the hardware and software aspects of their devices. This integration results in a seamless user experience where the operating system (iOS) and the hardware work in perfect harmony. The optimized software and hardware combination ensures smoother performance and greater efficiency.
Exceptional User Interface
One of the hallmarks of iPhones is their intuitive and user-friendly interface. Apple has perfected the iOS user interface over the years, making it highly accessible and easy to navigate. From the home screen layout to the fluid gestures, using an iPhone feels natural and effortless, even for first-time users.
Timely Software Updates
Apple takes pride in delivering timely software updates to its users. Unlike Android devices, which often face delays due to fragmentation and the involvement of multiple manufacturers, iPhones receive regular updates that not only enhance performance but also introduce new features and security patches. This ensures that iPhone users stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in technology.
Robust Security and Privacy
Apple places a strong emphasis on security and privacy, making iPhones an excellent choice for users concerned about their data protection. iPhones are equipped with advanced security features, including Face ID and Touch ID, which provide secure biometric authentication. Additionally, Apple’s strict app review process and encryption protocols help safeguard user information.
Optimised App Ecosystem
The App Store, Apple’s dedicated marketplace for applications, boasts a vast selection of high-quality and optimized apps. Developers often prioritize iOS app development due to the platform’s profitability and user base. As a result, iPhone users have access to a wide range of apps that are designed to take full advantage of the device’s capabilities.
Consistent Hardware Quality
Apple’s commitment to quality is reflected in the consistent build and hardware of their iPhones. Each iPhone model undergoes rigorous testing and quality control, ensuring durability and longevity. The premium materials, coupled with meticulous craftsmanship, contribute to the overall appeal and value of iPhones.
Seamless Integration with Other Apple Devices
For individuals invested in the Apple ecosystem, iPhones offer unparalleled integration with other Apple devices. Features like AirDrop, Handoff, and iCloud seamlessly connect iPhones with Macs, iPads, and other Apple products, allowing for effortless file sharing, synchronisation, and continuity of tasks.
Outstanding Camera Capabilities
iPhones are renowned for their exceptional camera capabilities, consistently delivering stunning photographs and videos. Apple’s dedication to camera innovation, combined with powerful software algorithms, ensures that users can capture professional-quality images with ease. Features like portrait mode, night mode, and smart HDR further enhance the photography experience.
Enhanced Customer Support
Apple’s customer support is often regarded as one of the best in the industry. iPhone users can rely on Apple’s extensive support network, which includes Apple Stores, online resources, and knowledgeable customer service representatives. This level of support ensures that users receive prompt assistance whenever they encounter any issues or have queries.
Strong Resale Value
Last but not least, iPhones tend to hold their value remarkably well compared to Android devices. The strong demand for iPhones, coupled with their reputation for reliability and longevity, makes them desirable in the second-hand market. This means that when the time comes to upgrade, iPhone users can often recoup a significant portion of their investment.
While both iPhones and Android devices have their merits, iPhones offer a host of advantages that make them a compelling choice for many users. From the seamless integration of hardware and software to the exceptional user interface, robust security and privacy, optimized app ecosystem, and outstanding camera capabilities, iPhones consistently deliver a superior user experience. Furthermore, Apple’s commitment to timely software updates, excellent customer support, and strong resale value further cement its position as a top contender in the smartphone market. Ultimately, the choice between iPhones and Android devices boils down to personal preferences and requirements.


Wholesale Smart Pure Electric Vehicle from Leading Manufacturer in China: Go Green with High-Quality and Reliable OEM Exporter
Introducing the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle, a revolutionary creation by Ningbo Nali Golf Car Co., Ltd. Combining cutting-edge technology with environmental sustainability, our electric vehicle offers a remarkable driving experience.
Designed for the eco-conscious individual, this vehicle provides a clean and efficient mode of transportation. With zero emissions, it helps reduce air pollution, contributing to a greener future. The Smart Pure Electric Vehicle is powered by an advanced electric motor, eliminating the need for fossil fuels.
Featuring a sleek and modern design, this vehicle offers both style and functionality. Its smart features include a user-friendly interface, integrated GPS navigation, and advanced safety systems, ensuring a convenient and secure ride. With its spacious interior and luxurious comfort, passengers can enjoy a smooth and silent journey.
Ningbo Nali Golf Car Co., Ltd. takes pride in delivering high-quality electric vehicles that cater to the demands of a dynamic and environmentally-conscious world. By choosing the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle, you are joining us in embracing a sustainable lifestyle while experiencing the pleasure of driving innovation.
China's Leading Manufacturer and Exporter of Smart Pure Electric Vehicles - Wholesale and Supply by OEM
Introducing the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle - the innovative solution to urban commuting! This eco-friendly car has been designed to cater to the needs of modern urbanites who seek efficient and sustainable mobility solutions.
Powered purely by electricity, the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle provides a clean and quiet ride with zero emissions. You'll be able to enjoy a smooth and comfortable ride with the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle, thanks to its advanced technology and state-of-the-art features.
The Smart Pure Electric Vehicle is not only a smart choice for the environment but also an intelligent choice for you. Its compact design allows for easy manoeuvring and parking in tight city spaces, perfect for those who need to travel around the city frequently.
The Smart Pure Electric Vehicle is equipped with optimum safety features, including lane-keeping assistance and automatic emergency braking systems, ensuring that you and your passengers remain secure during every journey.
With its advanced connectivity features and high-tech digital cockpit, the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle provides a modern driving experience that is both enjoyable and efficient. You'll always feel connected to the world outside, thanks to the intelligent infotainment system on the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle.
In conclusion, the Smart Pure Electric Vehicle is the perfect car for those who seek a sustainable, efficient, and intelligent driving experience. It truly is a car of the future!
The Smart Pure Electric Vehicle is a sleek and eco-friendly ride that won't break the bank. Its compact size and electrifying performance make it the perfect urban commuter.
Mr. Ye Blair
The Smart Pure Electric Vehicle is a game-changer! With its eco-friendly and tech-savvy features, it offers a seamless and sustainable driving experience. Highly recommended!
Mr. Fred Feng
Ms. Bonnie Liu: Please feel free to give your inquiry in the form below We will reply you in 24 hours


Adam Elements - CASA Hub Stand Pro USB-C 6-in-1 Laptop Stand Hub
Compatible with the M2 / M1 MacBook and iPad series.
· Specially designed for MacBooks and similar laptops with integrates stand, ergonomic adjustment, and USB-C hub functions.
· With a quick attachment/detachment design, the lightweight hub works as either an integrated part of the stand or an independent device for your travel connectivity needs.
· The plate of the stand is generously perforated for better heat dissipation and reduced weight.
· Compact size and solid build ensure a stable stance in use.
· Compatible with 17-inch laptops.
· Stable & durable stand allows the upper spindle to withstand 3.5kg while the lower easily carries 4.5kg.
· The Sleek, lightweight, and durable all-aluminum design with premium craftsmanship.
frictionExtended silicone rubber pads on the surface and bottom add more friction for the stability and safety of both the laptop and the stand.
· With a lower edge of 15mm in depth, it supports every MacBook model.
· 6 multifunction ports satisfy your every need for charging, video, and data transmission.
- USB-C port x2
- HDMI port
- USB-A port x2
- RJ-45 networking port
· Supports super-crisp 4K@60Hz resolution and HDCP 2.2 encoding for perfect video streaming from Netflix, Apple TV, and more.


Steve & Leif Cosmic 0.5 Watt Red LED Tail Light comes with rubber gap fillers, adjustable mount and 2 AAA Batteries. The 0.5 Watt Red LED Tail Light has 3 functions: Steady, flash and flash-off modes. Mount on the front or rear part of your bike will ensure your safety while riding.
6 x 4 x 2.5 (cm)
0.5 Watt Red LED
Rubber Gap Fillers
Adjustable Mount suitable for most bike handlebar
2 AAA Batteries included


R2 AI identifies the root cause of an issue in seconds without wasting valuable time on useless questions or remote sessions.
The R2 AI uses patent-pending technology to gather product information such as readings, logs, and configurations to determine issue resolution.
Accurate live-data based AI issue diagnosis enables L1 or L2 personnel to solve many issues that previously required L3, a remote service desk, or field service to diagnose.
Resolving a customer’s issues accurately the first time eliminates repeat interactions which reduces the contact center's load and increases customer satisfaction.
New issues arise all the time. R2 AI provides remote tools such as screen sharing, remote terminal, and even VoIP communications to enable L3 agents to assist. They can then use the R2 Training Center to update the AI.
RevTwo is compatible with and easily integrates into your current ticketing systems, including Microsoft Dynamics, Salesforce Service Cloud, and others.
RevTwo can start delivering value in as little as four weeks.
Contact us to see how RevTwo can improve your support operations.


Croatia is not a superpower of vehicle industry, but it does have its own supercar. The powerful machine is called Concept_One and it counts as the fastest electric car in the world. Developed by Rimac Automobili, it is a peak of Croatian design and engineering talent.
Internally, Concept_One is technologically-driven powerhouse, featuring high efficiency, style and performance. The vehicle’s propulsion system is backed by permanent magnet synchronous motor, the latest nerdy gadget developed exclusively for Rimac’s luxurious toy.
The car’s architecture is also unique- thanks to system called All Wheel Torque Vectoring (AWTV). Each wheel of Concept_One has its very own propulsion, and sophisticated machinery takes care that they function in harmony, guaranteeing safety even during highest speed.
Croatian supercar has a power output of 1088 hp, and is capable of reaching the speed of 100 km/h in less than three seconds. It uses battery packs based on Lithium-Iron-Phosphate chemistry, and has an operative range of around 500 kilometers.
Constructed with passion and shown with pride on international car shows, Concept_One is a good example that Croatia’s luxury doesn’t end with resorts and hotels. While not officially confirmed, rumors suggest the upcoming Top Gear Live Show will host the powerful vehicle during its filming in Croatia.


electronic workbench Crack This study aims to monitor the fatigue crack tip through a contactless optical method. A Middle Tension (MT) specimen is initially prepared by submitted it to a cyclic fatigue loading, in order to generate a crack with a specified length. Then, the cracked specimen is statically loaded under a uniaxial tensile condition, and Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) is employed to monitor the crack tip. During specimen loading with incremental force values, the behavior of the cracked area is monitored,
This paper proposes an image-based method for the detection of the micro-crack in the simulated cracked tooth. A homemade three-axis motion platform mounted with a lens was built as an image acquisition system to observe the surface of the simulated The on the surface of the simulated tooth could be detected based on the proposed DIC-based method. The proposed method may provide a new solution for the rapid clinical diagnosis of cracked teeth and the calculated crack information would be helpful for the subsequent clinical treatment of cracked teeth.
tooth, which was under compression with a magnitude of the masticatory force. By using digital image correlation (DIC), The skeleton of the path was successfully extracted from the image of the principal strain field, which was further verified by the image from micro-CT. Based on crack kinematics, the µm under the normal mastication stress, which was in good agreement with the value reported in the literature.
electronic workbench download For Windows
electronic workbench Product the deformation map for the crown surface of the cracked tooth was calculated. Through image analysis, the micro-crack was quantitatively visualized and characterized. used DIC technology to establish an automatic in situ fatigue observation system to monitor the behavior of small fatigue cracks on the microstructure. Recently, et al.
electronic workbench Serial key The ideal research subject is the fresh extracted cracked tooth, however, which is much more difficult to obtain . Therefore, a reasonable in vitro simulated cracked tooth is necessary. with displacement and deformation fields acquired for each load increment. The obtained data is used to calculate fracture parameters, such as the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF). For that purpose,
an algorithm was developed to calculate SIFs for each measured crack length. The main contribution of the present work is the adoption of a high-resolution optical contactless technique to monitor the fatigue crack tip. The obtained SIF values are compared to the reference solution proposed by ASTM E647 and an acceptable agreement has been verified.


The Oppo Reblue is one of the hottest phones that have hit the market recently. It is the perfect device for people who are constantly on the go. It has been designed in such a way that it can be used while you are driving your car, walking in the mall, and even at the office. Here, we will discuss about the unique features of this phone, which makes it so special.
Oppo reno6 5g has a unique dual screen feature. You can read the text in English or Spanish languages, using your second screen. This dual screen is similar to that of the iPhone and iPad. Moreover, you can use this phone even while watching TV since it comes with a super bright 5.5 inch widescreen LCD screen which offers bright pictures and bright icons. The phone also features a large, clear and high definition Super AMOLED screen, along with the advanced brightness technology that gives life to the phone’s life. oppo reno6 5g
This amazing phone has two stereo speakers with tweeters, which provide music listening experience to you. The Oppo ReBlue also features a unique auto reply facility that allows you to enjoy the phone even without holding it. Apart from the above features, this handset comes with other amazing technologies such as the notification light, double image support, Bluetooth connectivity, memory card reader, USB connectivity, GPRS connectivity, data centre, video output port and others. The user interface of Oppo reno6 5g is smooth and quite user friendly, which makes it more popular with users. It is based on the advanced Windows operating system and offers a fully touch ready interface for an enhanced communication experience.
One of the best things about the Oppo ReNo6 is its dual screen feature, which offers you great viewing experience in the comfort of your house. The attractive and sharp images offered by this handset are enough to mesmerize you. The phone gives you a rich range of connectivity options such as MMS, Bluetooth, HID, EDGE, USB and others. Moreover, the impressive hardware features such as the capacitive, power saving, memory booster, fast wireless speed, accurate GPS antenna and others makes the usage of this phone a dream. You can also enjoy a hands-free experience with this handset by installing the Odboso Bluetooth package.
The Oppo ReNo6 uses a modern day technology called the QWERTY keyboard, which is a favorite amongst all. This keyboard offers you a complete touch experience with the keyboard and the beautiful text messaging facility with the help of large multi-colours back support. Moreover, the large buttons offer a great typing experience along with the option to highlight, expand and edit the text. This allows you to customize the keyboard according to your need and enhance the ease of use. The wide screen and the clear display offer you a bright and crisp view of the displayed messages and data.
The Oppo ReNo6 is an amazing device that has got the best of features together in one hand-the stylish slim design and the attractive dual camera. It offers you two cameras on the front and one on the back, so that you can take a number of pictures at the same time without any hassles. This wonderful mobile phone is the perfect tool to capture those exquisite moments and share them with your dear ones. The stunning Odboso keyboard makes it all the more attractive and easy to handle. This mobile phone has won several awards and boasts of several advanced technologies that make it the perfect gadget for all.


American Welding Society Forum
Is there such a thing a spray transfer when using flux core or is it spray like transfer. I always thought flux core welding was globular.
Any insight would be appreciated.
Unlike GMAW, where transfer mode only depends on the electrical perameters & gas, FCAW transfer mode depends more on the electrical perameters and flux type, and somewhat less on the gas. Basic wires, which are not the most popular to weld with, but get good properties (ie EXXXT5-XX or EXXT-5) are difficult to get spray transfer with, (I don't think I have seen it myself) and operate in the globular mode, but with rutile type fluxes, (ie EXXXT1-XX or EXXT-1/9/12) it is much easier. Unlike GMAW, most of the rutile type electrodes can achieve spray transfer with 100% CO2. As far as "spray" transfer, and "spray like" transfer, I believe it is spray transfer, as the only requirement for this type of transfer is that the metal droplet diameter is smaller than the electrode diameter. The appendix for the FCAW electrode specifications, such as A5.20, A5.29 refer to spray transfer for the 1/9/12 type electrodes also. I do not have as much experience with FCAW-S, but the AWS specs also mention spray transfer for EXXT6-X, but globular for EXXT4-X, and smooth spray for EXXT11-X
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Improving cataract surgery
Since its launch in 2013, Cassini has been at the forefront of improving cataract surgery outcomes by providing diagnostic analysis of the total cornea, including the posterior surface. At the 2017 Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons in Lisbon, Portugal, twelve studies were presented demonstrating outstanding diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes based on Cassini’s performance. Covering a wide range of research interests, the studies focused on measurement of the posterior cornea, precision of femtosecond laser assisted arcuate incisions for correction of astigmatism and comparative studies of Cassini and other diagnostic technologies.
Point to point ray tracing
Cassini uses patented multi-colored LED point-to-point ray tracing to provide a GPS-like analysis of the cornea along with high-resolution images utilized for surgical guidance. The unique measuring principle enables highly accurate and repeatable measurements of the Total Corneal Astigmatism.
With this approach, Cassini is able to offer a full suite of examinations required for toric, extended depth of focus and multifocal IOL implantation, including corneal topography, posterior corneal analysis, mesopic and photopic pupillometry and full color photography. Using Cassini, cataract surgeons are able to better understand the properties of the total corneal resulting in improved outcomes and increased premium patient satisfation and volume.
Cassini helps improving post-operation refractive outcomes by accurately and reliably measuring preoperatively, using patented point-to-point ray tracing technology.
Developing the diagnostic platform
Innovation Industries shares Cassini's long term vision of continuous innovation with the goal of delivering the best possible refractive outcomes to patients, while at the same time improving operational efficiencies and providing to surgeons and industry partners an indispensable technology platform for seamless integration of the clinic and surgical suite. Our collaboration will accelerate the development and successful commercialization of Cassini's diagnostic platform for premium refractive cataract surgery procedures.
Cassini has built an impressive global customer base and has started to generate very compelling clinical data. We strongly support the vision of the leadership team to accelerate R&D and clinical study efforts to bring Cassini to the next performance level and expand strategic partnerships to other key players in the industry.
February 26, 2018


Mitsubishi 12pin OBD1 OBD2 Connector Adapter Hyundai
This adapter will allow you to connect compatible Diagnostic tools
on a Mitsubishi vehicle fitted with a 12 pin socket with your
existing 16 pin OBD2 tool.
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We are excited to include Digital Radiography as another service we offer at the Mendota Heights Dental Center. Technology has made dentistry better in so many ways and this is yet another great tool that faster computers make possible. We installed the necessary equipment to utilize this technology in the summer of 2012. The following is a brief description of digital radiography.
Digital Radiography is a form of x-ray imaging, where digital x-ray sensors are used instead of traditional photographic film. Advantages include time efficiency through bypassing chemical processing and the ability to digitally transfer and enhance images. Also, less radiation can be used to produce an image of similar contrast to conventional radiography.
Instead of x-ray film, digital radiography uses a digital image capture device. This gives advantages of immediate image preview and availability; elimination of costly film processing steps; a wider dynamic range, which makes it more forgiving for over-and under-exposure; as well as the ability to apply special image processing techniques that enhance overall display of the image. Digital images are simply more diagnostic.
Ask any staff member any questions you may have about this service at your next visit to our office!


Some of the top newest technology used in filmmaking includes:
This is a process where filmmakers can create and capture CG environments and characters in real-time. This allows for more efficient and accurate production as well as a higher level of collaboration between the various departments involved in filmmaking.
Drones are becoming increasingly popular for capturing aerial shots. They are more affordable and easier to operate than traditional aircraft and can get closer to the action without being intrusive.
High Frame Rate
High frame rate is becoming more common in films as it can give a more realistic and immersive experience. Films like “The Hobbit” and “The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” were shot at 48 fps and this is becoming more commonplace.
This is a relatively new technology that is being used more and more in filmmaking. It allows the viewer to have a complete 360-degree view of the scene. This can be used for traditional films as well as VR experiences.
4K resolution is quickly becoming the standard for films and television, similarly as 22Bet in the online casino world. It allows for a level of detail and clarity that was previously not possible.
4K resolution is 4096×2160 pixels, which is four times the resolution of 1080p HD. 4K provides a more immersive experience for viewers, with more detail and clarity than ever before.
4K has been used in filmmaking for a few years now, but it is only recently that it has become more widespread. One of the first films to be shot in 4K was “The Last Samurai” (2003), which used the then-new Sony CineAlta F65 camera. Since then, 4K has been used on a number of high-profile films, including “Gravity” (2013), “The Revenant” (2015), and “Blade Runner 2049” (2017).
4K is also becoming more popular for TV shows and documentaries. Netflix has been a leader in this, with a number of its original series being shot in 4K, such as “House of Cards” and “Stranger Things”.
There are a few challenges that come with using 4K. One is that it requires more storage space than HD. This is because each frame of 4K video is four times the size of a 1080p frame. As a result, 4K files can be very large, and can take up a lot of space on a hard drive or server. Another challenge is that 4K can be more demanding on computer hardware, as it requires more processing power to render. This can make editing 4K footage a more time-consuming process.
Despite these challenges, the increased resolution and detail that 4K provides is unmatched by any other format. As more and more people have access to 4K-compatible devices, we can only expect 4K to become more popular in the years to come.


The experience curve is driving evolution.
Here is a direct video link.
In mid-December, National Grid Plc will flip the switch on an automated trading system that pays hospitals and research facilities at the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus to sell electricity from their onsite solar panels, batteries or other generators to doctors’ offices and businesses — the first power market ever designed within a single utility service area.
The micro-market is an example of the Uber-effect, applying big data to better monetize small assets. The same technology could be used to help homeowners sell electricity from rooftop solar panels to their neighbors, and it may be a key part of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo’s plan to get half the state’s power from renewable sources by 2030.


ElegantJ Charts comes bundled with standard data access interface. Data access works with different data sources like databases, text, and XML files over JDBC, FTP, HTTP, and File Protocols. Data access component that we provide with the Charts Library is a Java interface and can also be extended to access other types of data sources through other protocols.
Data Access component provides an interface data sources. Data Access component gives you the power of being able to read data stored in any data source, be it text, database, or XML file/stream. With Data Access component, you will be able to connect and communicate with any type of data source through protocols like FILE, JDBC, FTP or HTTP. It works in all major security and access constraints imposed by different architectures and it enables you to access any type of data from HTTP servers, FTP servers, LAN, Internet, and File servers.


Make a positive impact on the environment while enjoying the benefits of renewable energy with SunWind. Our small wind turbines are a reliable, effi- cient, and cost-effective solution for your energy needs. Embrace the power of nature and be a part of the clean energy revolution. Contact us today to learn more about our products, installation services, and how SunWind can help you harness the power of wind to create a sustainable future.
Electric Vehicles will achieve their environmental benefit only when charged by renewable energy. Charging EV through fossil powered Grid power only shifts the point of pollution to EV systems. Electric Vehicles continue to require EV charging post sunset also when solar power ceases to exist. Wind turbines provide round the clock power genera- tion unlike solar. Due to the advantage of round the clock charging of wind turbines the bat- tery storage capacity requirement can be reduced and thereby reduce the cost of battery storage. Round the clock battery charging from wind turbines help increase the bat- tery life without letting the battery discharge beyond a certain level. Small wind turbines are unaffected by dust accumulation unlike solar, espe- cially when on highways. This improves the performance and efficiency of the EV charging station
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SWT Wind solar Hybrid Power Solutions For Pumpsets has been developed to generate power from wind & sunlightnatural resources a Renewable Energy system SWT windsolar hybrid is a special design for the bore well pumpsets A Proven design ideally suited for running bore well pumpsets throughout the year. Custom–built system as persite conditions and water requirement Pumping of water up to 1000ft depth
SWT 10 KW windmills, with special design, are suitable for the transfer of power to the HT Grid line. These windmills can be installed in between the big windmills so that the wind energy available at a lower level can also we captured and this additional power can be connected to the grid and by this method megawatt level can be achieved. Evenin Agricultural fields' excess power can be supplied to the grid line.
Small wind turbines harness the power of wind to generate electricity. By utilizing a clean and renewable energy source, they contribute to reducing reliance on fossil fuels and the associated carbon emissions. This helps combat climate change and promotes a more sustainable energy future.
Incorporating small wind turbines into educational institutions or public spaces can serve as a valuable educational tool. They can raise awareness about renewable energy, sustainability, and climate change, fostering a sense of environmental stewardship among individuals and communities.
Installing a small wind turbine allows individuals or communities to generate their own electricity on-site. This can provide energy independence, especially in remote or off-grid locations. It reduces dependence on centralized power grids and the associated transmission losses, enhancing energy resilience.
The production, installation, and maintenance of small wind turbines can create employment opportunities at the local level. These jobs range from manufacturing components to installation, operation, and maintenance. Thus, small wind turbines can contribute to local economic development.
Small wind turbines can help reduce electricity bills. When properly sized and installed, they can generate a significant portion of a household's or a small business's electricity needs. This offsets the need to purchase power from utili- ty providers, resulting in long-term cost savings.


FIREFLY MAGIC® FIREFLY LIGHTS
12 VOLT AC POWERED
This set is for locations that already
have a 12 Volt AC landscape lighting
The Model FMT-14 FIREFLY
MAGIC® Transformer Powered Firefly Light
Set has fourteen (14) electronic
fireflies and is designed for connection to an existing
12 Volt AC UL approved outdoor landscape lighting
transformer. This set comes with two
silicone filled outddor connectors for easy
connecting to the existing low voltage outdoor
each - 3mm x 570 nanometer patented 'Firefly
LEDs' replicating the Arthropoda: Insecta:
Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Photinus species
of firefly and their greenish-yellow flashes.
Each Firefly's flash rate and flash interval
is accurately preprogrammed into the non-volatile
memory of the microprocessor unit.
The microprocessor and all other electronic
components are sealed with space age polyurethane
in a waterproof ABS plastic housing to insure
years of operation.
A very small power indicator light is located
in the housing and shows when the unit is
receiving power from the transformer.
Firefly 'Vine' Wires - Each
electronic firefly is connected to the microprocessor
using a small diameter, black, UL approved, sunlight-resistant
wire that can easily be wrapped, threaded, shaped,
twisted and attached to foliage, blending into
your landscaping. - Maximum span - 24
- One 3 foot long 16 gauge outdoor wire for
connection to low voltage 12VAC UL approved
landscape lighting transformer output wires.
- 2 Silicone filled outdoor wire nut connectors
- 12 Volts AC
- 4 Watts maximum
All components are UL Listed or UL compliant
* Typical 12 Volt AC lighting systems are Malibu
Lights™ a registered Trademark of Intermatic
- Don't have a 12 VAC low voltage,
landscape lighting transformer already in place?
They're available at any hardware, lawn & garden,
Lowes, or Home Depot store, along with 16 gauge
low volatge outdoor wire.


The importance of telecommunications: a comparison of the viewpoints of information systems managers in small businesses and hospitals. Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or electromagnetic systems. It's hugely important meaning telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other. Download citation | importance of teleco | primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the method of choice for reperfusion in the setting of acute coronary syndrome with st elevation (stemi. The importance of telecommunications telecommunications and society the societal importance of telecommunications is well accepted and broadly understood, reflected in its.
Telecommunication: telecommunication, science and practice of transmitting information by electromagnetic means modern telecommunication centers on the problems involved in transmitting. Perhaps the most important role of telecommunications is fulfilling its most basic purpose of transmitting data the technology includes telephony and video conferencing, facsimile, broadcast. Telecommunications is the practice of communicating information over various distances modern telecommunications would include examples such as audio voice, video, and internet services.
The environment and society has changed today a lot of work and huge rush in daily life so in this place communication play a major role to make a person relax and make life fast with the pace. Telecommunications creates an impact to everyday activities of the people all over the world this is the reason why it is seen to play an important role in everyday live it is one of the major reasons why. ] the importance of communication technologies (telecommunications) firstly, the importance of communication technology is it is the foundation for accessing and sharing information. - the telecommunications act of 1996 the telecommunications act of 1996 can be termed as a major overhaul of the communications law in the past sixty-two years.
Importance of telecommunication the benefits of using telecommunication in businesses importance of telecommunication from: internet comment copy link january 26. Home free essays the importance of telecommunications and telecommunications research. His articles on the importance of telecommunications in growing business are very popular since it is quite informative for more telecommunications, news, media in india. Importance of telecommunication messages from a personal answering service with all of this and more, we forget the importance of oral communication and how a mere telephone call can. The increasing growth of international telecommunications and the importance of the telecommunication business in the current global economy have stimulated research into the.
Telecommunication systems are generally designed by telecommunication engineers telecommunication is an important part of the world economy this industry's revenue has been. Importance of telecommunication society today has made itself so used to telecommunication that the world would crumple if it was taken away the reason for the marvelous expansion of. Importance of telecommunication internet has become the primal necessity in contemporary era in this socially-connected world, many people rely on internet for doing various tasks at hand. Importance of reliable telecommunication systems telecommunication has played a major role in people's everyday lives the use of efficient fibre optic cables and cable laying accessories such as.
Read this full essay on the importance of telecommunications introduction: communication channels are electrical signals or electromagnetic waves for commun. Telecommunication systems are generally designed by telecommunication engineers major contributors to the field of telecommunications include alexander bell who invented the telephone. Importance of telecommunication systems apartment 2000 загрузка in this video we talk about the importance of the telecommunications music by : the piano guys https.


Exclusively providing a Thunderbolt™/NAS/iSCSI SAN triple solution, the TVS-1582TU offers four high-bandwidth Thunderbolt™ 3 ports for optimizing 4K video transfer and online editing. It is a perfect match for Thunderbolt-equipped Mac® and Windows® users for 4K workflows, file storage and high-speed sharing. The compact rack-mounted form factor makes the TVS-1582TU especially useful for SNG/OB van live media production that requires frequent relocation. The TVS-1582TU adopts 7th Generation Intel® 14nm multi-core processors and was designed around the concept of tiered storage, application-based partitioning and network traffic distribution to fulfill critical tasks with sophisticated capabilities.
A hybrid NAS supporting 3.5” & 2.5” drives in one chassis
Qtier technology and SSD cache enable 24/7 optimized storage efficiency
The Network & Virtual Switch app assists network traffic distribution and re-routes dedicated bandwidth for diverse applications
Superior 4K video playback and transcoding
Four Thunderbolt™ 3 (40 Gbps) ports and dual 10GbE ports for on-the-fly video editing and rapid file sharing
Four available combinations with Mac/PC and JBOD for flexible attaching, sharing and expansion
Flexible storage expansion with QNAP storage expansion enclosures and Virtual JBOD (VJBOD)
Supports QRM+ unified remote server management, virtualization (storage and hosting), containerization, and WirelessAP service
1. Requires MacOS Sierra 10.12.3 (or later) for using Thunderbolt connection on Mac.
2. Thunderbolt 3 reaches the maximum theoretical transfer rate of 40 Gigabits per second. Actual performance may vary due to hardware/software limitations and usage environment.
3. Thunderbolt 3 (40 Gbps) doubles its theoretical potential for speed when compared to Thunderbolt 2 (20 Gbps). This results in the TVS-1582TU’s file transfer speed increasing from 900 MB/s to 1,600 MB/s.
Thunderbolt™ 3 NAS, extraordinary performance
Featuring high-performance 7th Generation Intel® processors, the TVS-1582TU provides two options powered by an Intel® Core™ i5 quad-core processor with 16GB DDR4 RAM and Intel® Core™ i7 quad-core processor with 32GB DDR4 RAM (both upgradable to 64GB RAM), driving outstanding system performance for CPU-demanding applications. The TVS-1582TU Thunderbolt™ 3 NAS not only features Thunderbolt™ 3 technology for faster data transfer but also has dual 10GbE ports giving you incredible flexibility for network connectivity. The Thunderbolt™ 3 ports on the TVS-1582TU are also compatible with USB Type-C cables/devices and supports 10 Gbps USB 3.1 Gen2, allowing compatibility with newer, faster USB external drives/enclosures for transferring large-sized media files.
Robust and reliable hardware
The TVS-1582TU is a 15-bay hybrid storage solution supporting 3.5” hard drives and 2.5” hard drives/SSDs in one chassis. Businesses can create the most cost-effective storage by implementing suitable drives based on their needs.
1. 9×3.5″ / 2.5″ SATA slots
Supports SATA 6Gb/s hard drives and SSDs.
2. 6×2.5″ SATA SSD slots
Used for caching or high-performance storage pools.
3. Hot swappable fans
Four hot-swappable and easily-replaceable 60mm cooling fans.
4. DDR4 2133 MHz memory
Supports four DDR4 RAM modules (up to 64GB RAM).
5. 7th-Gen Intel® Core™ processors
14nm 7th Generation Intel® Core™ i5/i7 multi-core processors, supports DDR4 RAM and PCIe Gen.3 per-lane throughput.
6. 4 x Gigabit Ethernet ports
Allows optimized network traffic distribution with Thunderbolt™ and 10GbE ports for diverse applications.
7. 1 x HDMI output
Supports 4K Ultra HD for displaying up to 3840 x 2160 for an excellent audiovisual experience.
8. 2 x10GbESFP+ ports
Boosts iSCSI/NFS/CIFS network transfer for virtualization applications, data backup/restoration and massive data transmission.
9. 4 x Thunderbolt™ 3 ports
Thunderbolt™ 3 provides up to 40 Gbps of bandwidth, allows USB Type-C devices, and supports USB 3.1 Gen2 for up to 10 Gb/s transfer speeds.


Your Price: $7.95
UV-Aid Original Light Supplement
Replacement Battery Pack
In order to keep your UV-Aid device at peak effectiveness we recommend replacing your batteries once every 5-6 months. The battery pack consists of 2 replacement batteries.
Instructions to replace batteries:
Remove the four Philips head screws located on the side of the label.
Carefully pry the device apart with the half without the UV-Aid label facing down.
Remove the old set of batteries and replace with new set of batteries. Make sure the short lead of the light source touches the + or positive end of the battery and long lead of the light source touches the – negative.
If the light stays on when reattaching UV-Aid, check to make sure the switch is on the off, or in the up position relative to the light source.


After a thorough examination, designers forward PCB file to PC Board Houses for production. To ensure the design fulfills requirements for the minimum tolerances during manufacturing process, almost all PCB Fab Houses run Design for Manufacture (DFM) check before circuit boards fabrication.
How is a PCB Made ? What determines impedance ? polarinstruments Manufacturing Processes for a Multi-layer PCB Section through PCB Via hole SMD Pad The following presentation covers the main processes during the production of a multi-layer PCB. The diagrams which follow represent a section through a 6 layer PCB, as indicated in red. Tracks under solder mask Typical
31/08/2015· privileged and confidential materials pcb a printed circuit board provides a mechanical platform for electronic components (active semiconductors, resistors, capacitors, connectors, etc.) a pc board provides 3- dimensional electrical interconnect for devices including signal, power, and ground circuits. a printed circuit board is simultaneously
Click the PDF above to read more about PCB Manufacturing Production and Process for fabrication and assembly in this presentation overview. Get the resources you need to ask your fabricator key questions that impact your PCB design process.
How to Build a Printed Circuit Board. Advanced Circuits Inc 2004 2 This presentation is a work in progress. As methods and processes change it will be updated accordingly. It is intended only as an introduction to the production processes used in building a circuit board and as a training aid for employees, customers and friends of Advanced Circuits. Many of the process descriptions used here
Thinking Outside the Board • Form, Fit & Function of the Assembly determine Dimensions, Thickness, and Connector & Mounting Hole locations • Smallest Component pad size/pitch/density drive design complexity, technology, # of processes, and PCB cost • Fan-out of total pins determine the stack-up • number of layers, lamination cycles, and smallest features such as min linewidths/spaces
01/12/2015· PCB Fabrication Process by Sierra Assembly 1. By Sierra Assembly Technology Inc. PCB Fabrication Process 2. Introduction • PCB fabrication is a laborious process with several time consuming steps. • PCB manufacturing and assembly must be conducted in a clean environment that is free of contaminants. • This is important to produce good
PCB Manufacturing Process A Step by Step Guide PCBCart. After a thorough examination, designers forward PCB file to PC Board Houses for production. To ensure the design fulfills requirements for the minimum tolerances during manufacturing process, almost all PCB Fab Houses run Design for Manufacture (DFM) check before circuit boards
Never regard them as just decorations of a PCB board. An advanced circuit board won't be able to give its functionality until components are mounted on it. A PCB with components mounted on is called an assembled PCB and the manufacturing process is called PCB assembly or PCBA for short. The copper lines on bare board, called traces
31/10/2013· Step-by-step tour of domestic manufacturer Saturn Electronics Corporation metro Detroit board house detailing the various processes involved in the fabrication of a bare printed circuit board.
24/04/2013· Würth Elektronik Circuit Board Technology explains in this movie the manufacturing process of a multilayer circuit board. Würth Elektronik Circuit Board Technology specializes in small to medium
There are 20 steps for the PCB manufacturing. Here is the brief introduction of the process, Seeed will have a more specific manufacturing manual in this May to help you understand the fabrication. 1. Cut the raw material to a suitable size. Most of customers used FR4 130-140 as the manufacturing material for prototype. The original size of the
Tags: pcb pcb assembly pcb assembly process pcb soldering pcba printed circuit assembly design printed circuit board printed circuit board assembly printed circuit board assembly process Santosh Das Santosh, founder of this Electronics Tutorial Website, is an Electronics Geek, Blogger and Young Entrepreneur.
Scheduling is the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing work and workloads in a production process or manufacturing process. It is an important tool for manufacturing, where it can have a major impact on the productivity of a process. In manufacturing, the purpose of scheduling is to minimize the production time and costs, by telling a
PCB Manufacturing Process Flowchart Step by Step Step-1: Patterning or Etching. Majority of printed circuit boards are manufactured by applying a layer of copper over the entire surface of the PCB substrate material either on one side or both sides. This creates a blank printed circuit board, with the copper everywhere on the surface.
ECE 404 PCB Design Presentation Jakia Afruz * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Printed Circuit Board Electronic Board that connects circuit components PCB populated with electronic components is a printed circuit assembly (PCA) PCBs are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly reliable Mass manufacturing Professional Conducting layers are typically made of thin copper foil.
PCB Manufacturing Process (i) Innerlayer 1. Preliminary Treatment: Removes the anti-tarnish coating,dirt,grease,from the copper clad laminate. 2. Dry Film Lamination: Application of an UV sensitive dry film to cleaned surface of the copper laminate. Utilizes a fully automated Cut Sheet Laminator (CSL) which applies dry film on both sides of the copper laminate
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PCB prototyping and PCB fabrication is a key process in the manufacturing of PCBs. But you have to ensure that PCB prototype remains made ready before fabrication. So many PCB fabrication supplier are in the market which provides quality service to the customers. Tags: EFPCB, Fabrication, PCB, Printed Circuit Board Manufacturer, Supplier
PCB Manufacturer Manufacturing PCB MAnufacturing consists of many steps A. PCB CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing) CAM performs the following functions 1)Input of the fabrication data2)Verification of the data;optionally DFM3)Compensation for deviations in the manufacturing processes.4)Panelization5)Output of the digital tools. PowerPoint PPT
pcb manufacturing process ppt Process Crusher, Mining . The is the professional mining equipments manufacturer in the world, located in China,India, along with other Asian marketplaces to develop and develop, now we »More detailed
PCB Manufacturing Process Flow Chart PCB Fabrication Process. The PCB fabrication process can be complex. To explain the PCB manufacturing process at Electronic Interconnect, we are including 3 flow charts that highlight the PCB process.
This presentation is courtesy of PCB3D.COM Steve Rose Printed Circuit Board Design Engineer . Slide 2 Introduction This presentation outlines the printed circuit board design process, and the details required to capture design intent. These guidelines were created to ensure an error-free robust design that will meet or exceed cost expectations, satisfy fabrication, assembly and test criteria
IIT Kanpur PCB Design Guide Sheet Page 6 of 26 Photo‐plotter With the photoplotter, films are developed for various layers and for the solder masks. Moreover, both positive and negative type films can be developed. This is