This page is a simple introduction to the concepts involved in understanding addresses on local networks. If you are looking for information about how your internet connection fits in with your network, please see Public IP addresses.
Each device connected to a network is given a unique identifier, known as the IP address of the device. An IP address consists of four numbers separated by dots, for exmaple:
When network devices send messages to each other, they do so on a particular port, which can be thought of as a particular communication "channel". By using different ports, several services (e.g. web, email, file transfer) can operate independently on the same device.
By convention, port 80 is used to send and receive web pages.
Each local network operates on a particular subnet, which defines the scope of the network; it is only possible for a device to directly communicate with other devices that are on the same subnet.
The subnet is most commonly indicated by the first three numbers of the IP address, leaving the fourth number to indicate the devices themselves. The following IP addresses are all on the same subnet:
This arrangement is described by the subnet mask “255.255.255.0”, which means "use the first three numbers as the subnet, and use the fourth number as the device address".
Open the Network pane of System Preferences to see what addressing scheme is used by your local network.
DHCP is a technology, built into most routers, that automatically assigns IP address to network devices. This makes network setup very easy, however it does mean that the IP addresses of the devices on the network may change from time to time. This is unsuitable for any device that acts as a server (i.e. a network camera, or a Mac you wish to set up to stream video for remote monitoring), because in these cases the server must have a fixed address so that clients know where to connect to it.
On the Mac, this can be achieved using the "DHCP with manual address" setting in the Network pane of the System Preferences. Network cameras may also have such a setting, but if not they should be set up entirely manually with a unique IP address, and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0).
Note that any manual address you assign for a network device should be outside the range of addresses that the router automatically assigns via DHCP, so as not to conflict. Unfortunately, routers vary in what ranges they use, but if you assign manual addresses in the range 200-250, this is normally quite safe. It is a good idea to look for this setting in your router so that you know which addresses are safe to use for your manual assignments.


- AC6000 is an airsoft chronograph with high quality and accuracy
- User-friendly interface with 128*128 pixel OLED in white color
- Support Micro-USB(5V/0.5A) power input(no battery charge function) or Use AAA battery x 4 (not included)
- Ammo parameter setting supports 5 memory slots
- AMMO 1-5 parameter can be selected on SCR1
- 25 memory slots for velocity and rof
- Idling and low battery auto power off function
- Tripod ready mounting hole (standard camera screw / camorder tripods)
- Large caliber for 36mm, suitable for diﬀerent BB Spec. 4.5mm, 6mm, 9mm, 18mm.
- Measures Muzzle Velocity from 30 m/s ~ 400 m/s (90 ft/s ~ 1200 ft/s).
- ROF range: 100~5000RPM
- Extra large caliber (diameter 36mm)
- Tripod Ready mounting hole (Screw for standard camera / camcorder tripods )
- Uses AAA battery x 4 (not included)
- Support Micro-USB(5V/0.5A) power input(no battery charge function)
- Weight: 290g without battery.
- Size : L x W x H = 130 x 108 x 61 (mm).
- 12 IR-Sensoria


SCAPIS is a world-unique research study aimed at preventing heart-lung disease.
A large part of this study is about collecting medical image data, which is why SCAPIS need to store images from ultrasound, CT and MRI in DICOM format (“Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine” (see more at www.dicomstandard.org)) securely.
The images will be used for research and extraction of images for research projects will take place on an ongoing basis for a long time to come.
The DICOM images previosly where stored at six fundraising receptions on university hospitals (sites) in Sweden.
Viximed is supporting SCAPIS with knowledge of secure DICOM transfer, setting up and maintaining a SCAPIS DICOM archive and consulting sites during migration of data to the central storage.
Read more at www.scapis.se.


HIGH RESOLUTION SCANNING
FAULT DETECTION & FAILURE ANALYSIS
COMBINING THE POWER OF
THE BEST 3D METROLOGY SOFTWARES
Volume Graphics Max is the leading analysis and visualization software for industrial CT data, providing capabilities related to metrology, defect detection and assessment, material properties, and simulations.
POLYWORKS METROLOGY SUITE
PolyWorks MS is the industry-standard 3D metrology toolbox for 3D alignments, real-time measuring with multiple GD&T standards, experimental interrogations, reverse-engineering, and comprehensive data reporting.
GEOMAGIC DESIGN X
Geomagic Design X, the industry’s most comprehensive reverse engineering software, combines history-based CAD with 3D scan data processing so you can create feature-based, editable solid models compatible with your CAD software.
Zeiss Calypso, a premier software of CMM systems, merries together CMM measurement processes with scan data extraction, outputting exactly the information you want within the shortest possible time.
Locally serving Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, Haven Metrology is an ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited facility specializing in contract measurement services using CMM’s with PC-DMIS, 3D Scanning with PolyWorks, and a wide variety of hand measurement tools.


16 May 2020, International Day of Light (IDL)
The #SEETHELIGHT campaign is a collaboration between
- OSA – the Optical Society
- SPIE – the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
- IEEE – the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The date of 16 May was chosen for the International Day of Light because it was the day that Theodore Maiman demonstrated the first laser in 1960. It recognizes the visible impact of science and engineering and their contributions like the laser.
We mark IDL 2020 through the release of a podcast created by our colleague Hannah Tonry, consisting of a series of interviews with artists, architects and technologists collaborating with the Applied Optics Group who all have a story to tell about how light shapes their work.
#SEETHELIGHT is a worldwide message encouraging all to join the conversation and celebrate the importance of the science of light and light-based technologies in our lives.


When using direct current motors, one of the main issues is the lack of precision when starting and stopping the motor. In order to deal with this issue, there are motors with independent excitation. We are referring to the step motor, whose inductor is powered using an external power source. Thus, in order to change its speed, you only need to modify and control the exciting current.
These electromagnetic, incremental, or rotary devices, turn digital pulses into mechanical rotation.
The rate of rotation is proportional to the number of pulses generated, while the rotation speed depends on the frequency of such pulses. The pulses are ultimately defined by a predetermined angle, which is fed by a programmable device.
This is the best solution as long as the system’s inertia is low; in other words, as long as acceleration and deceleration times are not long.
Broadly speaking, step motors are applied on solutions where motion precision is paramount: hard disk heads, printers, small healthcare technology, etc.
Advantages of step motors:
- Higher motion and movement repetition accuracy.
- Step error under 5%.
- Perfect start and stop responding.
- Reliable and durable, since they have no brush contact.
- Rotation angle proportional to input pulses.
- Great range of rotational speeds, since it responds to the digital input pulse frequency.
Servomotors: the evolution of the step motor
These are step motors with integrated control electronics. This means that these motors allow for control of their position and motion, being able to control rotation down to exact degrees.
They do not see much use at an industrial level due to their high price, but their sales are gradually increasing. They are mostly used in model aircraft and robotics.


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We use machine learning to automate the discovery of precise IP locations, identify points of interest, and build custom audiences, accelerating and enhancing results.
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Our customers can perform aggregation, time-series, and geofence analysis at scale on historical data sets, aiding understanding and discovery.
Integrate into your workflow
We built a smart and flexible infrastructure that uses REST APIs to integrate your applications with our data.
Solutions to solve tomorrow's problems
CarbonReach’s suite of solutions integrates device, location, network, and behavior data to get ahead of emerging risks and uncertainties in every industry.
Geospatial Asset Management
With geospatial asset management tools, the IT department has visibility on when, how long, and how many times a mobile device accessed guest and corporate networks. In addition, high precision geolocation of IP space supports investigation efforts during incident response.
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Patterns of human behavior from the privately-owned devices and physical locations capture additional events that users generate every day outside of corporate networks. Our machine learning models can cluster the device geolocation coordinates to provide additional behavior patterns.
Our global, first-party data provides a wealth of knowledge about Bring-Your-Own-Devices, OS, and browser versions to identify unpatched and unsupported versions and illuminate vulnerable devices. These insights allow targeted proactive updates, patches, and mitigation efforts to better secure interactive networks.
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By combining the geospatial perspective of network and devices with other network activities we create an unified view that enables threat detection, compliance, and security incident management. Get daily aggregated data feeds delivered to your cloud for integration.
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Cute and decorative lamp for the childrens room from Rice. The little lamp is designed as a rabbit. The rabbit lamp can be on in the night, it has a LED light bulb so it´s not gonna be hot. The rabbit lamp makes a soft light in the dark with changing colors. The lamp is without a wire, produced in plast and uses batteries which are included. The batteries are 3 x LR44/AG13.
Dimension: 10cm x 7cm x 15cm.


Thierry has always been passionate by computers and their potential to solve complex systems. This led him to study Physics and later obtained a PhD in quantum chaos from the Institute of Theoretical Physics of EPFL. He later joined the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. For more than a decade, Thierry contributed to many inter-university projects developing and optimizing algorithms in various fields of Bioinformatics. In 2019, Thierry left academia for JSR Life Sciences NGS-AI initiative as head of algorithm development and IT, intercontinentally connecting a next generation sequencing facility with a computing cluster. Thierry enrolled with NewBiologix in 2023 as Chief Digital Officer. He is in charge of all aspects of digitalization of the company and leads the next generation sequencing department.


Gas Plant Condition Monitoring System
BJH Controls was contracted for the design, construction and configuration of a state of the art Rockwell Automation Condition Monitoring System for a multi-national Australian based company, requiring installation to connect with twenty four velocity sensors mounted to monitor the inlet cooling fan drive assemblies in a gas plant on the sub-continent. The panel, hardware and software required programming and logic to receive and process field inputs of vibration measurements and interface with a Plant Shutdown System (PSS) and Plant Control System (PCS).
Using the Rockwell Automation XM Online Protection and Condition Monitoring System for the project, BJH Controls implemented a protocol conversion gateway to allow the condition monitoring panel to communicate with the Plant Control System.
This system is based on using the XM-121 low frequency 2 channel modules, monitoring a total of 24 vibration inputs from the Velocity sensors, plus an additional two XM-121 modules for four spare inputs. Each XM-121 module is be accompanied by a XM-441 relay module providing two required relays, however this offers a total of five relays per XM-121/XM-441 combination.
The system comprises a monitoring/protection system that interfaces to both the primary shutdown system (PSS) and the primary control system (PCS). The interface to the primary shutdown system will be via hard wired relays (Fail Safe) and the interface to the primary control system is via the Modbus RTU bridge. Vibration, Alarm and Relay state data is presented to the Modbus RTU network in standard I/O format, i.e. Overall Vibration 32bit Float/Real, Alarms 3bit Binary and Relay state 1bit.
All the XM-121 modules process the signals and produce alarms (change of state) when set alarm thresholds are breached. When an alarm threshold is breached the modules send out a change of state message which can activate a relay in the XM-121 module and or the accompanied XM-441 expansion relay module. The radial vibration signals are also available via buffered outputs, by-passing the XM-121 A/D converter, for acquisition by hand held data collectors.
Power supplies are configured to be paired in parallel and utilise a decouple module as a preferred method of achieving redundant power supply. A separate power supply is employed to service the local HMI only.
The Field input terminal strip provides a location to land Common, Signal and Shield wiring from the 24 velocity sensors, plus four additional future sensors. The Output terminal strip has been allocated to wire the relay trip contact and common for 24 contacts, plus an additional two contacts.
The successful completion of a project such as this assignment required the implementation of effective project management practices. This was implemented through the direction of the BJH Controls standard Project Management activities.


Meet the newest member of the Nintendo Switch family
The new system features a vibrant 7-inch OLED screen, a wide adjustable stand, a dock with a wired LAN port, 64 GB of internal storage, and enhanced audio.
7-inch OLED screen
Feast your eyes on vivid colors and crisp contrast when you play on-the-go.
See the difference the vibrant screen makes, whether you’re racing at top speed or squaring off against enemies.
Wide, adjustable stand
Flip out the sturdy stand for easy viewing in Tabletop mode.
Find your best angle
Adjust the stand to find the optimal viewing angle—perfect for a quick multiplayer game with a buddy.
Built-in wired LAN port
Connect online** using the dock’s LAN port when playing in TV mode.
64 GB internal storage
Save games to your system with 64 GB of internal storage.
Enjoy enhanced audio from the system’s onboard speakers.
Three modes in one
Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch (OLED model) systems are designed to fit your life, transforming from home console to portable system in a snap!
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Dr. Blackburn is a Professor with Stevens Institute of Technology, and a principal with T-VEC Technologies, and KnowledgeBytes. He is involved in research in the areas of formal methods, model-driven engineering (MDE), architecture modeling and simulation, the application of visualization and computation in support of system design and architecting, and systems integration. He is applying hybrid Bayesian networks for prediction and estimation on an FAA NextGen project, integrating model-based verification mechanisms for run-time verification of complex adaptive systems, and applying gaming technology and immersive environments for concept engineering. He is involved in developing and teaching MDE courses.
Dr. Blackburn is providing Expert Witness services for cases involving software-intensive systems.
Dr. Blackburn is an innovator of advanced V&V tools that have enabled the practical application of formal methods for model-based development and V&V. He has developed products and helped companies integrate model-based test automation tools with other lifecycle tool environments leveraging tool chains for model-based engineering, analysis and formal V&V methods for software-intensive systems. He has worked side-by-side project teams helping them learn, pilot, adopt, adapt, develop, verify and validate methods, processes and technology for real-time, trusted and safety-critical systems. These efforts focused on using a constructive approach to V&V promoting best practices while leveraging emerging technologies such as modeling and simulation for early validation of requirements and derived requirements. He helps organization incorporate design-for-testability principles into the architecture and design required to support model-based test automation, providing requirement-to-test traceability, and measures of model and test-code coverage.
Dr. Blackburn was a Fellow at the Systems and Software Consortium (SSCI). He worked with members on a wide variety of software and system engineering topics. His efforts focused on helping members improve software systems engineering by understanding how to adopt model driven engineering (MDE) methods, tools, and practices. He developed guidelines called Integrated Engineering though Models that includes modeling adoption practices and relates to a survey on modeling tools. Other recent efforts included research into academic and industry trends such as Advanced Computing Architectures, Cyber-Physical Systems, autonomous, adaptive, self-managing systems, as well as domain specific languages, the use of Bayesian nets for modeling software reliability, model-based verification of web services underlying service oriented architectures, and development of guidelines for safety-based software assurance for an SSCI member. He has developed and frequently delivers webinars and multi-day training courses related to MDE.
Dr. Blackburn was creator and lead of the model-based test automation framework project (TAF). The TAF integrates with T-VEC tools for requirement and design-based modeling, modeling checking, requirement management, and test automation tools. He used the TAF tools to quickly identify the bug that is the likely cause of the Mars Touchdown Lander crash and proved the T-VEC tools could deliver life-critical and mission-critical software without defects. Much of his training and consulting effort has been in support of technology transfer of model-based tools and the associated process tailoring that is required for adoption within large companies. He has actively participated on model-based efforts for aircraft systems, avionics, medical, automotive, telecomm, database, security, information system, smart cards, and other defense system applications.
Dr. Blackburn has been the principal investigator to the National Institute of Standards and Technology on nine continuously running projects dating back to 2000 involving model-based verification of security related products and applications.
Dr. Blackburn has been involved in applied research and advanced technology demonstrations for architecture for real-time embedded systems, safety-critical software, formal methods approaches to high assurance, requirement specification and model-based verification, model-based verification of security properties, web-based knowledge engineering, domain engineering, reverse engineering of programs to specifications, and object technology.
From 1988 to 1993 he co-developed and applied T-VEC on flight critical, real-time embedded systems that were FAA certified.
From 1983-1988 he was involved in the graphics processor development of a flight critical electronic flight instrumentation system that was also FAA certified.
From 1979 to 1982 he was involved in applied research and development of a formal specification-based methodology and associated tool system.


SanDisk Cruzer® Micro USB Flash Drive
Cruzer® Micro now ships with U3 smart™ technology. Co-Invented by SanDisk, U3 technology gives you the ability to carry your files AND your software on a secure USB drive. You can have your wallpaper, preferences, favorites, profiles, and more - everything you need for a familiar computing experience on any PC, wherever you go.
Includes Skype™ exclusively on all Cruzer Micro and Cruzer Titanium USB flash drives. Make voice and video calls from PC to PC anywhere in the world.
Cruzer Micro allows you to easily carry and transfer key documents, pictures, music and video clips from one computer to another. The new retractable USB port eliminates the need for caps and protects your USB connector.
Specifications and Features:
- Capacity: 2GB
- Retractable USB connector
- Brilliant amber LED
- U3 smart enabled
- Loaded with the following U3 programs
- CruzerSync synchronization software
- SignupShield password manager
- SKYPE "Make video calls from PC to PC"
- AVAST antivirus trial software
- Dimensions: 7.94mm x 20.6mm x 57.15mm (D x W x L)
- Hi-Speed USB 2.0 certified (backwards compatible with all USB 1.1 ports)
- Compatible with Windows 2000, SP4 and XP*
- Certified Windows 2000 and XP*
* U3 functionality only supported on Windows 2000 (SP4 and later) & XP OS


Emergency situations that can cause one to call for help through an emergency radio include power outages, natural disasters such as floods, landslides, avalanches or when one is lost. In an emergency situation where one cannot use their cell phone or other means of communication, one will require using an emergency radio to reach others.
People who go camping and hiking must include an emergency radio as one of their survival tools. One can save their life and the life of others, when they use an emergency radio to call for help. Solar panels are convenient to use when one is not near an electric power source to charge an emergency radio.
Using the hand cranking charging method is an easy way to charge an emergency radio because one does not even require the use of batteries or solar power when there is no sun. One may get a hand crank radio that does not require them to turn the hand crank continuously but will transfer power from the batteries to the radio. Battery charging is also another power source for emergency radios.
One may also be near electricity and they can charge the emergency radios because they have an AC outlet plug in.
Most emergency radios come with two power sources such as the hand crank charging and the battery charging method. An emergency radio that is able to survive all sorts of power challenges is one that uses four power sources such as solar charging panels, batteries, hand cranking power, and an AC outlet plug-in. Some brands have included Fm and Am capabilities in their emergency radios. People can also choose an emergency radio that comes with a feature that allows them to play music from their MP3 player using the emergency radio as well as charge their cell phones.
A feature that is included in emergency radios is an LED flashlight which can be set to do an SOS Morse code beacon. Emergency radios also come with ultrasonic dog whistles which can attract rescue teams in times of emergencies. A good emergency radio is one that has good reception and keeps power for a long time.
Emergency radios come with USB ports and mini USB charging cables that are used to charge phones. One can choose an emergency radio that is small or large depending on their preferences. People who live in tornado and hurricane-prone areas should get an emergency radio that will give them weather-alerts so that they can take the necessary precautions.
Extra features that can be found in emergency radio include thermometers, a compass, water resistance radios and good audio quality.


What's with all the hype about machine learning and computer vision?
Come see for yourselves at our Deep Learning Computer Vision workshop, in collaboration with NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute!
Explore the fundamentals of deep learning by training neural networks and using results to improve performance and capabilities. You will work with widely-used deep learning tools, frameworks, and workflows to train and deploy neural network models on a fully-configured, GPU-accelerated workstation in the cloud.
At the end of the workshop, you will have access to additional resources to create new deep learning applications on your own, as well as acquire Nvidia DLI certification with completion of the workshop.
Programming experience highly recommended, prior machine learning knowledge will be beneficial. This will be a fast-paced workshop.
Tickets are $5
Friday, Feb 15
Bring a laptop
Snacks will be provided
For further inquiries, please email email@example.com
Categories: Campus Group Event
Starts: 2019-02-15 18:00:00
Ends: 2019-02-15 21:00:00


The Basic iPhone Calculator provides the most basic features of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, including memory manipulation. No more, no less. It follows the classic design by Braun and does its function well enough, with sufficiently large buttons even for those with clumsy thumbs.
Since the second major release of the iPhone OS in firmware version 2.0, a Scientific Calculator has been added to the core calculator app.
To access the Scientific Calculator, rotate the iPhone 90 degrees to its side from portrait to landscape view. The Basic Calculator is converted to the Scientific Calculator without any other input from the screen.
You will find that the keys are now smaller, with the Basic Calculator buttons on the right half of the screen. On the left half of the screen are the new functions of the Scientific Calculator.
Included are trigonometry, hyperbolic trigonometry and logarithmic functions, as well as inverse, square, power and root calculations. A “2nd” button on the upper left side provides users with the inverse of the afore-mentioned trigonometry, hyperbolic trigonometry and logarithmic functions.
While the core Scientific Calculator doesn’t come with the frills of higher end scientific calculators such as graphing, programming and matrix calculation, it does its job well enough for the average, casual and more common scientific calculations.


How Machine Learning Can Help Healthcare?
Machine learning has the potential to transform healthcare by making it more effective and efficient. For example, machine learning can be used to streamline the process of diagnosing patients by automatically identifying patterns in data. In addition, machine learning can be used to develop personalized treatment plans for patients based on their individual characteristics. This means that machine learning has the potential to improve the quality of healthcare while also reducing costs.
Machine learning can help to identify patterns in patient data that may be indicative of disease.
Machine learning can help to identify patterns in patient data that may be indicative of disease. For example, machine learning could be used to analyze a patient’s medical history, lab results, and symptoms to identify patterns that may be indicative of a certain disease. This information could then be used to develop a treatment plan for the patient.
Machine learning can help to develop personalized treatment plans for patients.
Machine learning can help to develop personalized treatment plans for patients by learning from their individual medical histories and predicting which treatments will work best for them. For example, machine learning could be used to develop a personalized treatment plan for a cancer patient by analyzing the patient's past medical history, the tumor's genetic makeup, and other factors.
Machine learning can help to predict patient outcomes.
Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence that uses mathematical techniques to give computer systems the ability to learn from data, without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning can help to predict patient outcomes by analyzing past data to identify patterns and trends. For example, a machine learning algorithm could be used to predict how likely a patient is to develop a certain condition based on their medical history and other factors. Also, if a machine learning algorithm is trained on a dataset of images of diseases, it can learn to identify patterns that are associated with each disease. This can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, especially in cases where the symptoms are not clear. In addition, machine learning can also be used to predict the response to treatment. For example, a machine learning algorithm could be used to analyze data from clinical trials to identify patterns that are associated with a positive response to a particular treatment. This could help to improve the efficacy of treatments by targeting the patients who are most likely to respond positively.
Machine learning can help to improve the accuracy of diagnoses.
In recent years, machine learning has made great strides in the medical field. One area where machine learning is having a significant impact is in the accuracy of diagnoses. By analyzing large amounts of data, machine learning algorithms can learn to identify patterns that are often missed by human doctors. This can lead to more accurate diagnoses, which can potentially save lives. For example, in 2016, a team of researchers from Google developed an algorithm that can detect breast cancer using machine learning. The algorithm was able to detect cancer with an accuracy of 87%. This is a significant improvement over the traditional method of relying on human doctors to make a diagnosis, which often has an accuracy of only around 50%. Machine learning is also being used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis for other diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and even Alzheimer's. As machine learning algorithms become more sophisticated, the accuracy of diagnosis is only going to improve. This is likely to have a major impact on the quality of healthcare that patients receive.
Machine learning can help to reduce the cost of healthcare.
In recent years, the cost of healthcare has been rising at an unsustainable rate. This has placed a strain on both individuals and the healthcare system as a whole. One way to help reduce the cost of healthcare is through the use of machine learning. For example, one study found that machine learning can be used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis for skin cancer by up to 96%. This not only reduces the cost of care, but also the risk of misdiagnosis and the associated complications. Machine learning is still in its early stages, but the potential for it to reduce the cost of healthcare is significant. As technology continues to evolve, its impact on the cost of healthcare is likely to increase.
In Bottom line
Machine learning is a powerful tool that can help to improve the accuracy of diagnoses, reduce the cost of healthcare, and predict patient outcomes. However, its impact is still limited by its current state of development. As machine learning algorithms become more sophisticated, their impact is likely to increase, potentially revolutionizing healthcare as we know it.


Patrick Gelsinger, Intel CEO, at the WEF in Davos, Switzerland on May 23rd. 2022.
Adam Galica | CNBC
Two of the most important American semiconductor companies disagree about the pace of chip advancements and whether Moore’s Law still applies.
Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger said on Tuesday at a company launch event that Moore’s Law, a rule of thumb from Intel’s founder dating back to the 1960s, is “alive and well.” The theory, posited by Gordon Moore, implies that chips will continue to get faster and cheaper at a predictable rate.
Nvidia, which is now about three times more valuable than Intel, is preaching a very different message. Co-founder and CEO Jensen Huang said last week that Moore’s Law has ended.
“The method of using brute force transistors and the advances of Moore’s law has largely ran its course,” Huang told investors after unveiling new products.
The divergence underscores the stark contrast between Intel and other American semiconductor companies. Intel has committed to continue manufacturing some of its chips, while Nvidia and others rely primarily on third-party foundries outside of the US
Moore’s Law specifically refers to the number of transistors on a chip, which Moore said would double every other year, enhancing processing power. To increase the number of transistors on a chip, they have to be made smaller, requiring advancements in manufacturing technology.
For years, Intel was the leader in semiconductor manufacturing technology and consistently made chips with the densest transistors in the world. But in recent years, Intel has been surpassed by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company and Samsung, which can currently produce processors with 5-nanometer transistors, while Intel is still stuck on 10-nanometer and 7-nanometer technologies.
One of Intel’s core corporate goals under Gelsinger is to get back to “performance leadership,” which means that its chips need


Durable, versatile, and easy to use, Streamlight’s Bandit Headlamp emits a bright, diffused white light that provides effective illumination for up-close tasks.
The lightweight, low-profile Bandit Headlamp features a Chip on Board (COB) LED, which produces bright, even, diffused light that’s ideal for illuminating up-close tasks in your personal or work area. The multifunction push-button switch allows you to easily and efficiently sequence through the headlamp’s three lighting modes: high, low, and emergency flash.
The Bandit’s polycarbonate body is IPX4 water resistant and impact resistant up to 2 meters. The adjustable elastic headband securely and comfortably fits on your forehead, while the snap-in visor clip enables you to attach the headlamp to the brim of a baseball cap. The headlamp runs on one 450 mAh lithium polymer cell, which can be fully recharged in approximately 2.5 hours using the USB cord.
Streamlight’s Bandit Headlamp is ideal for use in hardware/tool, industrial, automotive, sporting goods, law enforcement, fire and rescue, and other consumer applications.
- White, White & Green or White & Red Chip on Board (COB) LED produces bright, even, diffused light that has less shadows than spot beams, making it ideal for use in up-close tasks
- Multifunction push-button switch allows you to easily and efficiently sequence through the headlamp’s three lighting modes
- Polycarbonate body is IPX4 water resistant and impact resistant up to 2 meters
- Adjustable elastic headband securely and comfortably fits on your forehead
- Snap-in visor clip enables you to attach the lamp to the brim of a baseball cap or to add additional downward adjustability when wearing the adjustable elastic headband
- Headlamp runs on one 450 mAh lithium polymer cell
- 5” | 12.7 cm USB cord can fully charge the light in approximately 2.5 hours when plugged into a power source
- Bandit headlamp works well for hardware/tool, industrial, automotive, sporting goods, law enforcement, fire and rescue, and other consumer applications
- Case Material: Impact resistant polycarbonate body
- Dimensions: 2.7 in x 0.75” x 1.13” | 6.85 cm x 1.9 cm x 2.87 cm
- 1.3 oz. | 36.8 g with headband attached
- 1.4 oz. | 39.7 g with hat clip adaptor attached
- Lens: Impact resistant polycarbonate lens
- Light Source: Chip on Board (COB) LED, impervious to shock with a 50,000 hour lifetime
- Light Source:
- WHITE: High = 180 Lumens, Low = 35 Lumens
- GREEN: High = 135 Lumens, Low = 25 Lumens
- RED: High = 45 Lumens, Low = 10 Lumens
- ON/OFF: Press the on/off button, for constant on operation. (Low, High, and Off.)
- Switching modes: Pushing the button within 1.5 seconds of the last button push will change the light mode. You may sequence through both light levels, and then to off.
- Access Flash mode (white COB only models) – Press and hold the button for 3 seconds. The light will change to flash mode. To go back to low/high mode, repeat 3 second button push.
- Access Red or Green color mode on models with dual color COB - Press and hold the button for 3 seconds. Release the button once the color changes. To go back to White COB, repeat 3 second button push.
- Run Time:
- White COB - High 2 hrs. Low 9.5 hrs.
- Green COB – High 3 hrs. Low 13.5 hrs.
- Red COB – High 2.5 hrs. Low 10 hrs.
- Battery: Non-replaceable 450 mAh Lithium Polymer cell; sealed inside unit for service free operation.
- Charging: Charge time is approximately 2.5 hours depending on USB charge source. The Red LED lights in the on/off button to show the battery is charging. A Green LED indicates the battery is charged.
- COB LED technology for extreme brightness
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For more than 20 years, we have provided our customers with the latest in computer navigation and marine electronics integration.
In the beginning, there weren't many systems available. The most prevalent system at the time was a DOS based system called Maptech. Laserplot soon was a major player and even provided their own hardware. Tide and current, celestial programs and a couple weatherfax programs were about it. Maptech even attempted a radar overlay using the Furuno 1510 radar and a compass input. Data connections for email was being accomplished using the Motorola bag phone at 9600 baud and satellite phone systems were just beginning to connect at 2400 baud for data.
A few years of this technology and out came the new guns: a couple of programs called Navtrek and Chartview. These were Windows based and were very easy to use, and a couple new chart companies, the BSB and NDI emerged as well. There was another program that broke out from Russia called Transas. The reason for mentioning these companies is that in time, the owners of Navtrek and Chartview determined they did not need to compete but would do better by merging. Upon their merger, another company trying to compete, Jeppessen, known for the avionics navigation software, came on the marine navigation scene. In a short amount of time, Jeppessen bought Nobeltec and provided charting from the vector based charts manufactured by Transas.
Computer hardware "manufacturers" started up in those days as well. These companies determined that the mariner needed a better computer system to run all this software. They tried coating the internal boards with water-resistant spray, shock mounting the hard drives, making laptops waterproof and so on. What was found about these "marinized" computers was that the spray sealed the parts from air needed to cool them; shock mounting just changed the frequency of the vibration, and in order to use the waterproof laptops, you had to open the covers on the serial ports and other components in order to plug in your GPS and other electronics. These all made the mariner realize that using a standard computer and taking care of it worked just as well.
Today, we are on the verge of even more and better changes. C-Map has been purchased by Jeppessen Marine and a whole new world of charting and navigation has arrived. Today's computers are more compact and robust. Monitors are working better in sunlight. We have radars, depth sounders and camera systems, high speed broadband communications, weather and control systems all working on networks sharing data with the improved NMEA 2000 protocols. Why tell you all this?
SATCOMNET has been there all along, and we are leading the way in integrating all of this for you. Contact us today. We can make your yachting more enjoyable.


What is P-Type and N-Type Semiconductor?
Introduction to Semiconductor
The type of materials whose conductivity is greater than insulators but less than conductors are known as semiconductor materials.
In other words, a material is said to be a semiconductor, if it has 4 electrons in its outermost shell. The Semiconductor materials are broadly classified into two categories Intrinsic semiconductors and Extrinsic semiconductors.
In this article, we discuss the Extrinsic semiconductor, and we will compare the P-type and N-type semiconductors by considering various factors such as type of impurity added, nature of doping, majority charge carriers, the density of charge carriers, fermi level, etc.
But, before going into the actual differentiation of P-type and N-type semiconductor, we will define both types of semiconductors.
Extrinsic semiconductors are classified into two types −
- P-Types Semiconductor
- N-Type Semiconductor
The semiconductor itself is not an invention but many inventions are semiconductor devices. The discovery of semiconductor materials allowed for incredible and vastly significant advancements in the electronics industry.
Semiconductors were vital for the miniaturization of computers and computer parts and for the manufacturing of electronic parts such as diodes, transistors, and many other devices.
Streamlined Features of Semiconductors
- Semiconductors are like insulators at Zero Kelvin. But when the temperature is increased, they work as conductors.
- Due to their unique electrical properties, semiconductors can be modified through doping to make semiconductor devices suitable for energy conversion, switches, and amplifiers.
- They offer lesser power losses.
- They are smaller sized and possess less weight.
- Their resistivity is higher than conductors but lesser than insulators.
- The resistance of a semiconductor material decreases with the increase in temperature and inversely increases with a decrease in temperature.
These are some features of the semiconductors now we discuss P-Type Semiconductors and N-Type Semiconductors.
What is P-Type Semiconductor?
The P-type Semiconductor is formed when trivalent (having three valence electrons) impurities such as Gallium and Indium is added to a pure semiconductor in small amount, and as a result, many holes are created in it. These p-type-producing impurities are known as Acceptors because each atom of them creates one hole which can accept one bonded electron.
A positive charge hole is created when the three valence electrons of the impurity bond with three of the four valence electrons of the semiconductor and having one electron short, the covalent bond cannot be completed, hence the missing electron is known as a hole.
An extremely small amount of impurity has many atoms; therefore, it translates to millions of holes – which are the positive charge carriers – in the semiconductor. Hence, it is called a p-type semiconductor where ‘p’ stands for positive.
What is N-Type Semiconductor?
The N-type semiconductor is described as a type of extrinsic semiconductor doped with a pentavalent (having five valence electrons) impurity element. The pentavalent impurity or dopant elements are added to the N-type semiconductor to increase the number of electrons for conduction.
Examples of pentavalent impurities include Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Antimony. The impurity is added in very little quantity in the N-type semiconductor such that the crystal integrity of the base intrinsic semiconductor is not disturbed. The pentavalent impurity atom makes covalent bonds with four silicon atoms, leaving one electron not bonded with any silicon atom.
Each pentavalent impurity atom is said to donate one electron to the N-type semiconductor hence it is called a Donor impurity. Thus, there are more electrons than holes in the N-type semiconductor.
Because of the pentavalent impurity in an N-type semiconductor, several loosely bonded electrons populate the lattice structure. As a certain amount of voltage is applied, these electrons gain energy to break free and cross the forbidden gap, leaving the valence band to enter the conduction band.
This results in a very small number of holes being formed in the valence band. The Fermi level (the highest energy level an electron occupies at absolute zero temperature) is near the conduction band as more electrons enter the conduction band.
Difference between P-Type and N-Type Semiconductors
In determining the difference between p-type and n-type semiconductors, factors such as doping elements, the effect of doping elements, and the majority and minority carriers in both types are taken into consideration.
Additionally, the density of electrons and holes, energy level and Fermi level, the direction of movement of majority carriers, etc. are also accounted for in clarifying the disparity between p-type and n-type semiconductors. In this vein, therefore, the differences are outlined thus:
- As a main difference, in n-type semiconductors, the electrons have a negative charge, hence the name n-type. While in p-type, the effect of a positive charge is generated in the absence of an electron, hence the name p-type.
- In a p-type semiconductor, the III group element of the periodic table is added as a doping element, while in an n-type the doping element is the V group element.
- In a p-type semiconductor, the majority carriers are holes, and the minority carriers are electrons. But in the n-type semiconductor, electrons are the majority carriers, and holes are the minority carriers.
- The electron density is much greater than the hole density in the n-type semiconductor represented as Ne >> Nh whereas, in the p-type semiconductor, the hole density is much greater than the electron density: Nh >> Ne.
- In an n-type semiconductor, the donor energy level is close to the conduction band and away from the valence band. While in the p-type semiconductor, the acceptor energy level is close to the valence band and away from the conduction band.
- The impurity added in a p-type semiconductor provides extra holes known as Acceptor atoms, whereas, in an n-type semiconductor, the impurity provides extra electrons called Donor atoms.
- The Fermi level of the n-type semiconductor rests between the donor energy level and the conduction band while that of the p-type semiconductor is between the acceptor energy level and the valence band.
- In the p-type semiconductor, many carriers move from higher to lower potential, in contrast to the n-type where many carriers move from lower to higher potential.
- Trivalent impurities such as Aluminium, Boron, Gallium, and Indium are added in the p-type semiconductor, whereas in the n-type semiconductor, Pentavalent impurities like Arsenic, Antimony, Phosphorus, and Bismuth are applied.
So, from the above discussion, we can conclude that a p-type semiconductor is abbreviated so because these are positive semiconductors due to the presence of extra holes. Whereas n-type semiconductors are termed negative semiconductors because of the presence of extra electrons.
Both P-type and N-type semiconductors are extrinsic semiconductors. However, the key difference between the two is that a P-type semiconductor is obtained by adding the trivalent impurity like aluminum in a pure semiconductor, while an N-type semiconductor is obtained by adding pentavalent impurity like phosphorous in a pure semiconductor.
Dr. Kuldip Upasani · 27/05/2023 at 12:13 am
Very nice information shared


We can pad print on most custom parts you supply us with, or we can help you source your promotional items. Here is a sampling of some of the things we can supply for you. Click on an image to download the product sheet and pricing information.
￼UC-400 High Quality Dual USB Port Car Charger
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PB-2600 Safety Tested 2600 mAh Power Bank
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H2020 – FoF 13-2015
Duration 01/10/2015 to 30/09/2018
EcoSolar envisions an integrated value chain to manufacture and implement solar panels in the most ecologic way by maximising resource efficiency, taking into account reuse of materials during production and repurposing solar panel components at end of life stage. Apollon Solar participates with the N.I.C.E. module technology improving the eco-efficiency of the module in terms of BOM and recyclability.
H2020 – LCE-10-2017
Duration 01/05/2018 to 30/04/2021
The overall goal of the SUPER PV project is to reduce costs of the photovoltaics (PV) system by combining technological innovations and data management methods along the PV value chain. Apollon Solar participates with the N.I.C.E. module technology integrating innovative components to increase the module performance and energy generation.
H2020 – LC- SC3-2018
Duration 01/10/2018 to 30/04 2022
Overall goal : Demonstration of significant cost reduction for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) solutions
Apollon Solar participates with the N.I.C.E. module technology, integrating PV into building elements in combination with innovative solar thermal elements.
silicon solar cells
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics,
Volume: 7 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 2017 Pages: 58 – 61


Introducing FiOS Internet Service. It’s the next generation in broadband.
Verizon FiOS (FYE’-ose) is the new suite of fiber-optic services over FTTP, an advanced fiber-optic technology that can be used to connect a home or business directly to Verizon’s network. Fiber-optic systems use strands of glass fiber and laser-generated pulses of light to transmit voice, data and video signals at speeds and capacities far exceeding today’s systems. This new network will have greater reliability and lower maintenance costs. By deploying fiber to homes and businesses around the country, Verizon is reinventing its wireline business.


We have been very busy with lots of different science experiments this week.
Check out what we have been up too… here’s one of our favourite quick experiements….
Science Week- balloon and tin can experiment 🔋🔌🎈
When you rub the balloon through your hair, invisible electrons (with a negative charge) build up on the surface of the balloon. This is called static electricity, which means “non-moving electricity” The electrons have the power to pull very light objects (with a positive charge) toward them – like we have done with the can.
Try this at home and see what you can pull along!! 🔌🔋


The ‘Internet of Things’ is Changing Our Daily Lives
by Barry Sparks / 0 Comments / 141 View / September 1, 2019
Ask people what the Internet of Things is and the most common response will be a puzzled look.
While the general public is typically unaware of the Internet of Things, it is expected to revolutionize how we interact with technology, transform our daily lives, and alter how businesses operate in the near future.
What is the Internet of Things?
It is the interconnection via the internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
Kevin Ashton, digital innovation expert, says the Internet of Things has made the physical world one enormous information system.
“Smart devices can be found in every facet of our lives,” says Marissa Olsen, a cybersecurity expert and attorney with Coalition, a technology-based cyber insurance carrier for businesses.
“Smart watches, fitness trackers, coffeemakers, thermostats, and home-security cameras are devices that have become part of our everyday lives. We are accustomed to tracking these devices, often with our smartphones,” she says.
Smart homes, where any device in your home that uses electricity can be put on your home network and at your command, are becoming more common. You can give commands via voice, remote control, tablet, or smartphone. Most applications relate to lighting, home security, home theater and entertainment, and thermostat regulation.
Seventy percent of people who purchased their first smart-home device believe they are more likely to purchase more, according to a Smart Home Technology Survey.
The use of smart devices is exploding in the business and manufacturing sectors. Hospitals are using wireless devices, which can be implanted or worn, to track blood pressure and heart rates of patients. Farmers use smart devices to keep track of their livestock and how much feed is in their silos.
Manufacturers use wireless devices to save money. Their biggest problem is human error. The more automation they have, the fewer errors they have. It also increases their productivity.
While the Internet of Things has experienced steady growth in the past, skyrocketing growth is predicted for the next several years.
Predictions are that there will be as many as 50 billion connected devices by 2020. Wearable technology, which includes smart watches and fitness trackers, is expected to grow to 411 million by 2020. And, it’s estimated that 82% of cars will be connected to the internet by 2021.
“The technological advances the past five years have been amazing,” says Olsen. “What was available five years ago, in regards to smart devices, pales in comparison to what’s on the market today.”
The Internet of Things’ explosive growth has been accompanied by an increasing concern about security.
“There’s a question of whether or not the security has kept pace with the technology,” points out Olsen.
With so many devices connected to the internet — and those devices now interconnected — security concerns are heightened. When you are connected to everything, there are more ways to access your information.
Since personal information — such as your name, age, health data, location, and more — is stored in these devices, they are prime targets for criminals.
“Many of these devices are probably unencrypted and easy to hack into,” says Olsen. “You don’t have to be a sophisticated hacker to access their devices.”
Olsen says hackers can hack into one device, perhaps your home-security camera, and then access your other devices, such as your computer and email. Then they can obtain access to your banking information, healthcare data, and more.
Businesses also have to be worried about having their information compromised. Hackers can get through via a wireless device and end up shutting down the business. This can cost the company millions of dollars and lead to expensive insurance claims.
Olsen says individuals and businesses should take steps to increase the security of their information.
“I strongly recommend people educate themselves about security issues,” she stresses. “When considering the purchase of a wireless device, they should go online and research the different safety features. I believe you should purchase the device with the best safety features; it will probably cost more, but you get what you pay for.”
Olsen also suggests installing reputable internet security software on your computer, tablet, and smartphone. And, you should use strong and unique passwords for device accounts. She cautions against connecting all of your devices. She says you should limit sharing of information among various devices.
If you are creating a smart-home environment, Olsen suggests you engage security experts and adopt a dual authentication process, which requires a password and then a code.
Businesses have a lot at stake if they are victims of a cyberattack. Olsen says all businesses have an obligation to be proactive for their clients and themselves in regards to cybersecurity.
Besides evaluating their own systems and risks, Olsen says businesses should consider engaging an outside company to conduct some sort of a review of their system. The company can conduct penetration tests and run diagnostics on the system.
Olsen also recommends that companies of all sizes have insurance against cyberattacks.
“Besides peace of mind, a cybersecurity insurance policy can provide business services and tools to help prevent a cyberattack and assist the attacked business at the time of the breach and in the aftermath,” she says.
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What is 5G Network?
The 5G Networks is the newest mobile internet connectivity known for its fastest and much more reliable internet connections on smartphones and other computerized devices.
Combining cutting-edge network technology and the very latest research, 5G Network will be offering connections that are faster than current connections, with an average download speeds of about 1GBps expected to soon be the norm.
The 5G Network will help to increase rate and speed of connectivity around the world, providing the infrastructure needed to carry huge amounts of data, allowing for a smarter and more connected world.
With its development well underway, 5G Networks are expected to be launched across the world by the year 2020. It will work alongside existing networks like the 3G and 4G technology to provide speedier connections that stay online no matter where you are.
The 5G mobile networks (or 5G Network) — are scheduled to follow (but not replace) current 4G networks with vastly increased capacity, lower latency, and faster speeds. Some 5G networks will initially operate in a high-frequency band of the wireless spectrum — between 28 GHz and 38 GHz — also known as the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum.
The new 5G networks will be capable to transmit very large amounts of data is a short period or time. Nonetheless, 5G is also expected to work in low spectrum frequencies such as 600 MHz as well as unlicensed frequencies such as the 3.5 GHz spectrum.


The innovation of various technologies has lead to the rise of global and local economies. In the workshop, I will explore the effects of the Internet of Things,
The innovation of various technologies has lead to the rise of global and local economies. In the workshop, I will explore the effects of the Internet of Things, Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence in the smart cities of the future. Utilizing the three outlined technologies, smart and dynamic cities can emerge. The smart cities that form will give rise to the fourth industrial revolution, enabling great economic growth in developed and developing nations. Those who attend the workshop will learn about the three technologies and their impacts on our future world and other SDGs. I will lead the attendees by showing how smart cities can utilize the three deep technologies to improve the economy and beyond.
Micah Nkrumah Ardayfio
My name is Micah Nkrumah-Ardayfio and I go to school at St.Albans in Washington, DC. My main experience with the SDG and the topic I am introducing is through my research and development company. During the last two years, I have founded and led a 501(c)(3) R&D company that aims to improve the world through smart city infrastructure. I have managed several doctorate-level researchers in conducting research in IoT, Blockchain, and AI.
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Are you curious about ChatGPT at Writing Code? As an AI language model, ChatGPT is designed to generate human-like text, but how well does it perform when it comes to programming? Read on to find out!
As an AI language model, ChatGPT is capable of generating human-like text that can mimic natural language patterns, grammar, and idioms. It is widely used for various applications, including chatbots, language translation, and content generation. But how good is ChatGPT at writing code? Can an AI model like ChatGPT code as efficiently as a human developer? In this article, we’ll explore these questions and more.
ChatGPT’s Coding Skills – How Good is It?
Understanding ChatGPT’s Architecture and Capabilities
Before we dive into ChatGPT’s coding skills, let’s first understand how it works and what it can do. ChatGPT is a language model that is based on the transformer architecture, which allows it to process and generate text at scale. It is pre-trained on a massive dataset of text, which includes various types of language patterns and structures.
One of the key capabilities of ChatGPT is its ability to perform language modeling tasks, which involve predicting the next word in a sequence of text. This makes it ideal for tasks like text completion, summarization, and question-answering. However, coding requires a different set of skills and knowledge.
Evaluating ChatGPT’s Coding Skills
To evaluate ChatGPT’s coding skills, we need to consider various factors, including its ability to understand programming languages, syntax, and semantics, as well as its capacity to write efficient and optimized code. Let’s take a closer look at these factors.
Understanding Programming Languages
Programming languages are the backbone of software development, and understanding their syntax and semantics is crucial for writing code. While ChatGPT is pre-trained on a massive dataset of text, including code snippets, it doesn’t necessarily mean that it can understand programming languages like a human developer.
However, ChatGPT can be fine-tuned on specific datasets of code, which can improve its ability to understand programming languages. For example, researchers have fine-tuned ChatGPT on Python code, which has resulted in improved code completion and bug fixing capabilities.
Syntax and Semantics
Syntax and semantics are essential aspects of programming languages that define how code is written and executed. Syntax refers to the rules and structures of a language, while semantics relates to the meaning and interpretation of the code.
ChatGPT can understand the syntax of programming languages and can even suggest corrections for syntax errors. However, understanding the semantics of code is more challenging, as it requires a deeper understanding of the problem domain and the purpose of the code.
Efficiency and Optimization
Efficiency and optimization are critical factors in software development, as they can impact the performance and scalability of the software. Writing efficient and optimized code requires a deep understanding of algorithms, data structures, and performance metrics.
While ChatGPT can write code, it may not have the same level of knowledge and experience as a human developer when it comes to efficiency and optimization. ChatGPT may be able to write code that works, but it may not be the most efficient or scalable solution.
Q: Can ChatGPT write code in any programming language?
A: ChatGPT can write code in any programming language, but its ability to understand and write code in a specific language depends on its training data.
Q: Can ChatGPT debug code or fix errors?
A: ChatGPT can suggest fixes for syntax errors and can even detect some logic errors. However, fixing complex errors requires a deep understanding of the problem domain and the codebase, which may be challenging for an AI model like ChatGPT.
Q: Can ChatGPT replace human developers?
A: While ChatGPT can write code, it is not designed to replace human developers. Human developers bring a unique set of skills and experiences that are essential for developing complex software solutions. ChatGPT can assist developers by generating code snippets, suggesting corrections, and automating repetitive tasks.
Q: How accurate is ChatGPT’s code generation?
A: The accuracy of ChatGPT’s code generation depends on various factors, including the quality and quantity of its training data, the complexity of the codebase, and the context of the task. ChatGPT may generate code that works but may not be the most efficient or optimized solution.
Q: What are some limitations of ChatGPT’s coding skills?
A: Some limitations of ChatGPT’s coding skills include its inability to understand the purpose and context of the code, its limited knowledge of domain-specific libraries and frameworks, and its lack of experience with debugging and testing code.
Q: How can developers use ChatGPT to improve their workflow?
A: Developers can use ChatGPT to automate repetitive tasks, generate code snippets, and suggest corrections for syntax errors. They can also use ChatGPT to assist with documentation, code summarization, and natural language queries about the codebase.
Q: Can ChatGPT learn new programming languages?
A: Yes, ChatGPT can learn new programming languages by being trained on a dataset of code written in that language. However, the quality and quantity of the training data can affect the accuracy of ChatGPT’s code generation in that language.
Q: How does ChatGPT handle complex coding tasks?
A: ChatGPT can handle complex coding tasks by breaking them down into smaller subtasks and generating code for each subtask. However, ChatGPT may struggle with tasks that require a deep understanding of the domain and complex decision-making.
Q: Can ChatGPT write code that adheres to best practices and coding standards?
A: ChatGPT can generate code that adheres to basic coding standards and conventions, such as proper indentation and naming conventions. However, adherence to best practices and coding standards often requires a deeper understanding of the problem domain and the specific coding practices used in the project.
Q: How can ChatGPT improve its coding skills?
A: ChatGPT can improve its coding skills by being trained on high-quality and diverse datasets, receiving feedback from human developers, and being exposed to a variety of coding practices and standards.
Q: Can ChatGPT write code for non-technical tasks, such as content creation or marketing?
A: While ChatGPT can generate text, it is not designed to write code for non-technical tasks. ChatGPT’s expertise lies primarily in generating code for technical tasks, such as software development and data analysis.


As part of a collaboration between several partners, including the Haesler lab and scientists at KU Leuven and imec, a new optoelectrode was designed, fabricated and tested. The optolelectrode has an integrated ultrathin neural interface with 12 optical outputs and 24 electrodes and allows for simultaneous optical stimulation and recording; and because of its small dimensions, it causes far less tissue damage than commercially available devices.
Investigating how the dynamic activity in neural circuits gives rise to perception and behavior involves the manipulation of specific neural cell types through optogenetics. To critically evaluate how these optogenetic manipulations affect neural circuits, or to identify the response of specific neural subtypes, it is necessary to illuminate the brain tissue, while simultanously monitoring the activity of many neurons. But despite great progress in the development of optogenetic interfaces, combining multi-channel recordings with multisite optical illumination at high spatial resolution remains a challenge.
Currently available interfaces which guide light of the appropriate wavelength into the brain combined with an electrophysiological modality are bulky, have low spatial resolution, dissipate heat or suffer from photovoltaic artifacts. To address these challenges, the research team set out to develop an integrated neural interface with 12 optical outputs and 24 electrodes.
The new tool is an important step forward, explains Dries Braeken (imec): "Since our device is built using established microchip technology, it can be fabricated with high reproducibility and reliability. Thanks to its small dimensions—only 30 μm thick—it also causes far less tissue damage than currently available devices."
Researchers at NERF immediately put the new optoelectrode to the test and measured the effect of localized stimulation in the anterior olfactory cortex, a brain area important for olfactory processing.
Sebastian Haesler: "We found that even very localized stimulation affects neural firing far beyond the stimulation site. This demonstrates the difficulty in predicting circuit-level effects of optogenetic manipulations and highlights the importance of closely monitoring neural activity in optogenetic experiments."
The findings resulting from this team effort have been published in the Journal of Electrophysiology.
Sarah Libbrecht, Luis Hoffman, Marleen Welkenhuysen, Chris Van den Haute, Veerle Baekelandt, Dries Braeken & Sebastian Haesler. Proximal and distal modulation of neural activity by spatially confined optogenetic activation with an integrated high-density optoelectrode. Journal of Neurophysiology 2018-03-28 epub ahead of print


Galaxy S3: Too colorful for its own good?
Ironically, one of the report’s biggest complaints about the S3 display is that it is too colorful. Because it has such a large color gamut — the range of colors it can display — images can look cartoonish. Ultimately this isn’t the fault of the display, as large color gamuts are the holy grail of high-end display makers. It’s the fault of the phone’s ROM and software.
If Android, or at least the S3 version of it, was color managed, then images could be displayed the way they were meant to look, and the additional color capability would only come into play when actually rendering very saturated colors in an image. Alternatively, Samsung could factory calibrate the S3′s display to match the web-standard sRGB color space — the way Apple has done with the iPhone 5— and dramatically increase its color fidelity without needing to modify the hardware.
Instead the S3 ships with its native color gamut — 139% of that of sRGB, compared to 104% for the iPhone 5 — so typical web colors appear about that much more saturated than they should.


We will meet up at Shopify for the first Montreal Python of the year. We will start with 4 most interesting presentations, and then we will move up to Benelux to continue the discussion.
Nicolas Kruchten: Explore Your Data and Then Let Others Do It Too: Plotly Express and Dash
Adil Addiya: Building a standalone app using electron and flask
Federico Ariza: Python Camera Simulator
Overview and use of the EMVA1288 camera Simulator. With the rapid development of autonomous driving, there is a need for more realistic hardware simulation that provide the same kind of challenge to the Computer Vision systems as the real deal. This Simulator is being used in professional environments around the world. It provides accurate physics model to reproduce characteristics and defects of different kind of sensors.
Matthieu Ranger: Feedback loops in data systems
When 'filter bubbles' came to public attention, it became pressing that systems that consume their own recommendations as data can be subject to noxious feedback loops.
In this talk, we go over several examples of feedback loops, then discuss the technical and management issues related.
Monday April 1st at 6PM
Shopify, 490 rue de la Gauchetière Montréal, Québec https://goo.gl/maps/FccEH2n7EPm
- 6:00PM - Door opens
- 6:30PM - Presentations
- 8:00PM - End of talks
- 8:15PM - Benelux


“Appliances energy efficient” in today’s era of technological advancement is a major factor that is considered before purchasing or installing any domestic home appliance which consumes energy in the form of electricity. Today, almost every house has the basic electronic appliances which consume electricity throughout the day of every month of every year.
An example of an electronic appliance which runs throughout the day and night and consumes electricity yet is never switched off is a refrigerator. Other appliances which run on electricity are air conditioners, washing machines, televisions, iron, microwave etc. These appliances too consume a lot of energy on a daily basis.
Due to over utilization of energy in the form of electricity by every household, the companies supplying electricity are unable to meet the energy requirements. This is why we face blackouts whenever there is excess demand for electricity.
This is also called load-shedding. As we know, electricity should be conserved and not wasted; everyone should be cautious and aware while buying electronic appliances so as to save electrical energy as far as possible. Everyone should opt for purchasing these appliances.
Conserving energy is a topic of prime concern these days. The benefits of purchasing electronic appliances with this tag are:-
Energy in the form of electricity is conserved. This leads to a reduction in the amount of the electricity bill.
Conservation of energy implies lesser blackouts due to load-shedding.
The environment would be protected because the power plants which create a huge amount of air pollution, would work at a slower pace and burn lesser fuels etc to meet the energy requirements.
Controlled usage of energy and prevention of its wastage ensures sustainable preservation of energy for our future generations.
Thus in order to derive the above benefits, one must compromise and substitute energy inefficient appliances with energy efficient ones. For example, Fluorescent bulbs and lights can be installed instead of the normal lights that we use.
Fluorescent bulbs consume lesser amounts of energy and help to preserve electricity. We being responsible human beings should ensure proper utilization of energy and try to prevent its wastage.
We should be careful and switch off all the electrical appliances excepting the refrigerator before leaving the house. This helps in preventing unnecessary wastage of energy.
Buying appliances which save and restore energy, in other words, appliances energy efficient is the first step towards preventing wastage of energy and thereby protecting our environment.


Start your IoT travel today by ordering the IoT Starter Kit, which includes everything you need to connect and manage your SIM in Kyivstar network.
Leave the contacts and the manager will contact you
with Kyivstar Connectivity
per month for 3 months
messages per SIM for 3 months
on-net per SIM for 3 months
₴ 25 per SIM per 1 month
Place an order for your IoT Starter Kit
Receive access credentials to the Kyivstar M2M Management Centre platform to manage device connectivity.
Install your SIMs in your test devices and use Control Centre to connect them to Kyivstar's network and your IoT applications.
After completing your tests, you are now ready to launch your connected device services with Kyivstar’s network.
Internet of Things (IoT) enables machines and devices to talk to each other directly or through a cloud solution in order to deliver actionable data quickly. Achieve business success with IoT and automate your business.


Your treadmill is a bit too far away from the wall outlet to plug into it. Can you safely use any extension cord to plug your treadmill into? I’ve done some digging and here’s what I found out.
As long as the extension cord can handle the power draw of the treadmill, using an extension cord is perfectly safe. Most treadmills are built to draw 15 or 20 amps from the wall outlet so, an extension cord that can handle the same is the minimum but more is better.
How you can figure out which extension cord is right for your treadmill can be found below.
Can You Plug a Treadmill Into an Extension Cord?
In the end, a treadmill is just a big appliance. It needs power to work. How the power gets to your treadmill doesn’t matter as long as it’s safe. Most of the power goes to the electric motor but the console and screens also consume some energy.
All an extension cord does is extend the electric current from the outlet to another place. It’s not a complicated piece of equipment, it just transports electricity. A treadmill needs electric current and plugging it into the extension cord will provide that.
The problem is that treadmills draw a lot of power, especially the ones with a higher-powered motor. That means the extension cord has to be able to handle that.
A treadmill will draw the most power during acceleration. With High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) this happens often so if you like HIIT, a good power cord is essential. HIIT is a great way to burn more calories in a short period of time and also improve your cardiovascular health. A good interval timer is going to make HIIT workouts much more enjoyable. Check out the GymNext Flex timer. It’s super easy to set up and control contrary to most other interval timers making the setup for any workout a breeze.
Are All Extension Cords Safe To Plug a Treadmill Into?
Because treadmills draw quite a lot of power, not all extension cords are up to the task. If the extension cord can’t handle the amount of power a treadmill needs, bad things can happen. The worst thing is when the cord is too thin for the power draw and heats up the cord. This heat can build up and melt the insulation and things get worse from there.
As said above, most of the power a treadmill consumes goes to the motor. More powerful motors require more current. 2hp-4hp motors are very common in domestic treadmills. a 2hp motor can draw up to 1500 Watts, a 3hp motor about 2237 Watts while a 4 hp motor can draw up to 3000 Watts.
A 15-amp extension cord can handle about 1800 Watts while a 20-amp power strip can handle about 2400 Watts. You can see that this might cause issues. Most domestic treadmills have motors around 2-3.5hp so you can see a 20-amp power strip is essential for plugging your treadmill into.
Of course, the motors require the most current when accelerating. Maintaining the same speed takes less power. However, you’ll still have to size the extension cord to the maximum power a treadmill can ask.
Most user manuals will tell you what the electrical requirements are for your specific treadmill. It will usually tell you how many amps they recommend the outlet breaker should be able to handle. So that’s a good guideline to use for the extension cord as well.
That owner’s manual recommendation is the minimum specification you should use for the extension cord. Getting something that has a higher rating than recommended is always good. However, in the end, you’ll be limited by the amount of power the outlet can provide. An extension cord can’t magically provide more current than the outlet it’s plugged into because there is a higher number on it.
You don’t want the extension cord to be the weak link because if the extension cord is overloaded that could result in melting and even fire. If you overload the power outlet, you’ll likely just trip the breaker which is not a big deal. So oversizing the extension cord is always a good idea.
If your user manual doesn’t tell you anything about the electrical requirements, it’s a bit hard to be sure but, there are some things you can do to guesstimate your requirements.
- Check the HP rating of the motor. Usually, that’s the continuous power (CHP). If it says CHP, you’ve got to about double it to get to peak HP. If the specs just say ‘HP’ that’s likely the peak rating. The HP rating tells you a lot about the maximum power draw that can happen.
- Now you’ve got the HP rating, convert the HP to watts.
- That’s the amount of watts the motor can produce. That’s the minimum amount of watts a motor needs from the outlet since power doesn’t come from nowhere. However, that doesn’t even take into account the inefficiency a motor has. To be safe, add about 10% to the amount of watts you got.
- E.g. 3 Peak HP = 2237 watts. 2237*1.1= 2460 watt.
- @120 volt that means a roughly 12 amp draw.
- Get an extension cord that can handle at least 12 amps but preferably more than that.
Is that all too complicated? Here’s a shortcut.
- Most power outlets are only rated for 15 or 20 amps. At 120v that means max 3100 watt to 4100 watt for a DC motor (most residential treadmills).
- Because most residential outlets are 15 or 20 amps, the vast majority of residential treadmill manufacturers will recommend that and make sure their treadmills work with that. So if you’re using a ‘normal’ 15/20 A outlet (double check that), get an extension cord that can at least handle that.
- If you want to make super sure that your extension cord can handle it, just buy one that can handle more amps than your outlet can handle. That will be able to handle any treadmill. Oversizing the extension cord won’t hurt anything.
As a side note, the 20 amp outlet is just about enough to work for higher powered treadmills because you don’t really ask the full power from the motor all the time. If you keep tripping a breaker when running at high speed or during acceleration, you’ll have to find an outlet that can provide more amps.
A 6 peak HP (not CHP) motor will draw over 5000 watts at peak. A 20 amp outlet cannot provide that much. Or at least not continuously. A 20 amp outlet can only support about a 5 peak HP motor. That’s about 2.5 CHP.
Treadmills with more powerful motors can therefore benefit from using an outlet that can provide more power. An electrician can help with this.
Tips for using an extension cord with a treadmill
Here are some general tips for using an extension cord with a treadmill safely.
- Make sure you check the rating of the extension cord: Most extension cords out there have their watt/amp rating printed or otherwise advertised on them. Usually, your treadmill’s owner’s manual will also tell you what kind of power the treadmill will draw.
- Unroll the cord completely: If you leave the cord in a coil, the heat doesn’t dissipate properly which can melt the insulation and cause a short especially when you’re drawing a lot of power. If you smell anything like a burning plastic smell, stop immediately and unplug the treadmill.
- Get the shortest extension you can get away with: The longer an extension cord is, the more resistance the wire has. The more resistance there is, the more heat is produced. Also, the voltage drops over distance which can be bad for your equipment.
- Don’t plug anything else into the same extension cord: If a treadmill is already close to the limit of the extension cord/power outlet, make sure you don’t plug anything else in because that could be too much.
- Get a grounded extension cord: It’s always good to plug a treadmill into a grounded outlet. Not all extension cords are grounded so make sure the one you use is.


Highly secure data areas are critical to the continuity of a organization. These electronic environments make sure that sensitive information and intellectual home are protected, ensuring that it is not reached or abused by illegal individuals. Because of this, it’s critical for companies to pick out a installer that matches strict reliability standards and has a validated track record in the business.
A highly secure data place has features such as granular permission adjustments that allow users to control which regions of the room will be accessible who. The software as well protects data from breaches through digital watermarking, which adds a logo or brand color scheme to documents. Users can also set alert preferences, manage bookmarks, and search record.
In addition to highly secure data rooms, firms will need to look for a info room that gives responsive buyer support. Firmex, for example , offers enterprise virtual data rooms to get a variety of business processes. This kind of platform features advanced reliability measures including encryption, dynamic watermarks, and lock-down files, allowing it to be suitable to relieve symptoms of complex business transactions. Firmex has solutions for expense banking, biotech, government, and energy, among others.
A highly secure data place is also an easy to use virtual space that makes it easy for users to upload and review files. By providing multiple security features, a highly protect data room gets rid of the guess work from the security of hypersensitive https://dataroomllc.com/highly-secure-data-rooms-for-complex-transactions/ info. Furthermore, these types of systems could be easily designed to track file views and control gain access to.


|Semiconductor Research Corporation
(SRC). The SRC is a
consortium of semiconductor chip manufacturers which supports research in semiconductor
technology and manufacturing. Our research in process sensing, simulation, optimization,
and control has been supported by the SRC through its Materials and Bulk Processes
and its Factory Sciences Programs. These SRC activities provide a close link with
industry needs, perspectives, and people.
|SEMATECH. We also maintain close
links to and regular interactions with Sematech, an important consortium of semiconductor
manufacturing companies which plays a key role in the evolution of U.S. semiconductor
equipment, technology, and manufacturing.
|Semiconductor Industry Association
(SIA). Among numerous
other activities, the SIA sponsors the International Technology Roadmap for
Semiconductors (ITRS). The ITRS results from substantial and ongoing collaboration to
understand technology and manufacturing needs for the future of the semiconductor
industry and to chart an R&D pathway for the future. These roadmaps,
which began in 1994, are crucial reference points for our research. Professor
Rubloff has been active in the construction of these roadmaps, currently serving on the
Metrology Technology Working Group (TWG).
|Consortia supporting the semiconductor equipment industry and its suppliers include SEMI/SEMATECH and SEMI.
|Texas Instruments (TI).
Semiconductor Process and Design Center has directly supported our research to develop real-time and
in-situ sensors, process
optimization strategies, and control methodologies for semiconductor manufacturing as
needed to realize advanced process control.
|Others. Our involvement with semiconductor consortia, professional societies, and
former students and postdocs from our group provides numerous opportunities for
discussions and visits with such companies as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD),
Lucent, National Semiconductor, LSI Logic, and
(now part of Veeco). We have worked with CVC, a supplier of advanced cluster tool
equipment for semiconductor manufacturing, in the area of semiconductor manufacturing
education and training.
Ulvac. In 1996 the Ulvac Corporation donated an ERA-1000 CVD cluster tool to our
group, which is now installed in LAMP. The tool is a multichamber processing system aimed
at selective tungsten CVD processes for semiconductor manufacturing, and it is one of the
few commercial manufacturing tools capable of processing state-of-art 8" Si wafers
which exist in universities.
|Others. Our involvement with semiconductor consortia, professional societies, and former
students and postdocs from our group provides numerous opportunities for discussions and
visits with such companies as Novellus
Systems, Applied Materials, Tokyo
Electron Laboratories (TEL), Lam Research, Varian, and
Inficon. We have a
long-standing and close collaboration with Inficon to pursue advances in process sensing and its application in process development,
optimization, and control. Inficon has supplied our laboratories with leading-edge
instrumentation for gas phase chemical analysis (e.g., mass spectrometry) in semiconductor
|Visual Solutions, Inc.. Visual Solutions is the source for
VisSimTM, a powerful simulation software platform we use for all our dynamic
simulation activities for semiconductor sensing, optimization, and control and for
manufacturing education and training. Visual Solutions is a partner in our project in
semiconductor manufacturing education and training, providing regular feedback and
assistance to our work.
National Institute of Standards and Technology
We are interacting with NIST experts on semiconductor process sensing, characterization,
and metrology methods, primarily mass spectrometry, and working in conjunction with the
National Semiconductor Metrology Program.
Science Foundation (NSF). Much of our research has been supported by
the NSF's Engineering Directorate, especially the Engineering Education
and Centers Division (EEC) and also the Design, Manufacturing, and
Industrial Innovation Division (DMII).
Arizona Engineering Research Center for Enviromentally Benign
Semiconductor Manufacturing. We are working with Professor Fahrang
Shadman's group to develop
dynamic simulators which describe water recycling systems of importance to environmentally
responsible semiconductor manufacturing. These simulators are intended to facilitate the
optimization of design for such systems, collaboration on such problems at a distance, and
education and training for industry and academic personnel.
Carolina A&T University. We are collaborating with groups in NC
A&T's Industrial Engineering Department on manufacturing systems and
human-computer interaction research under an NSF CIRE program, Enhancing
Collaborative Research in Industrial and Systems Engineering.
societies and groups
|Manufacturing Science and Technology
Group (MSTG) of the American Vacuum Society (AVS). Our attention and results are
closely related to the AVS MSTG, a group directed at understanding and advancing the
science and technology issues underpinning semiconductor
manufacturing. Professor Rubloff is the founding Chairman of the
|American Vacuum Society
(AVS) and Materials Research Society (MRS). The AVS and MRS are
important professional homes for our interests and research results, particularly in areas
of semiconductor materials, processes, equipment and diagnostics.
|The Semiconductor Subway is a valuable,
centralized WWW resource for information on the semiconductor industry.
resources as refereed journals include the Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology
(JVST) and the IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing,
publications such as Future Fab, Semiconductor
International, Solid State
Technology, and Micro are especially useful with their reporting of
current industry trends..