One of my original plans for this blog was to try and explain my own papers to a general audience. There are already three new papers out there for which I have not begun to do this, the first of which concerns ‘Majorana bound states’ and the ‘bulk-boundary correspondence’. (The other two are here and here.) For certain kinds of system these two things are expected to be intimately connected, and the paper looks into some of the details of exactly when we can expect this. It turns out that this really depends on the specifics of what one means by Majoranas. Here, in the first of several blogs, I want to start to explain some of these concepts a little.
The bulk-boundary correspondence is a relation between the bulk properties of a material, by which I mean how a large chunk of it behaves overall, and the possible existence of special particles that on the surface. In fact it says under certain conditions they must exist on the surface, no matter what you do to the surface. To understand how this might work let us consider a simpler system than the one we will turn to shortly. The system we will consider is known to exhibit what is called the quantum Hall effect. Let us imagine we have a two dimensional material in which some of the electrons are free to move around. If we apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the material, then the electrons want to form ‘cyclotron orbits’ around the direction of the field. This is just part of the strange way that charged particles and magnetic fields interact, see figure 1. The size of the radius of the orbit depends on the strength of the magnetic field, and in a material it will also depend on the material properties. Going back to our two dimensional material we have not one, but many electrons moving around in the magnetic field. They will try and set up motion that we can think of as being like in figure 2, with all of them circling around in little orbits. The actual size of the orbits will depend on the strength of the magnetic field, the material parameters, and so on.
Figure 1: An electron in a magnetic field. The field should be understood as uniform in space and everywhere pointing up.
The Hall effect, named after Edwin Hall who discovered it in 1879, is the phenomenon where a applying a voltage drop across such a sample causes a current in a perpendicular direction, see figure 2. As the electrons are now moving preferentially along the direction fo the dashed blue arrow, as opposed to the opposite direction, they tend to be turned more to their left, than to their right. This causes us a current across the sample. The quantum Hall effect, is the quantum analogue of this and in typical quantum style the current becomes quantised into discrete plateaus. In fact there are many other Hall effects too, but we shall leave this here for now, awaiting another time.
Figure 2: Many electrons in a two dimensional material in a magnetic field. The field should be understood as uniform in space and everywhere pointing, in this case, down. The blue arrows show the direction in which electrons will travel when a voltage drop is introduced along the direction of the dashed blue arrow.
Now we can ask what happens at the edges of such a set/up, see figure 3. In this case as the electrons cannot complete the circular orbits they are forced into moving along the edge as shown by the green patch in figure 3. This is what is known as “the bulk boundary correspondence”, i.e. the properties of the bulk of the material tell us something very specific about what will happen at the edge. Not only that but it doesn’t depend at all on the details of the edge! The edge can be as disordered and as messy as possible and the path of the electron will still follow it. This is not confined to the type of system we show here, but happens in several wide classes of materials. The two we are interested in are called topological insulators and topological superconductors. Let’s leave that for next time though…
Figure 3: Looking down on the sample of a two dimensional material in a magnetic field, which is shown in figure 2. The Blue region is the edge of the material. And the green shows the path an electron must take along the edge where it cannot complete the circular orbits.
First there are several simplifications in this picture which I think it is worth mentioning. Note that in a real system the electrons are not localised at particular points and going round these orbits exactly as pictured. Rather they are expended throughout the material, but can be thought of as something like a combination of many of the little orbits we show here. This is related to the fact that for an electron in a crystal the electron will not be confined to a particular place somewhere, but will rather be spread out throughout the entire crystal. It will however have a specific momentum, this is of course related to the fact that no particle can simultaneously have a well defined position and momentum in quantum mechanics. One of the consequences of which is the famous Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This means that looking at pictures in of how things stand in real physical space is not always the best way, and in fact in this field one uses what is called reciprocal space. Instead of asking where everything is, we ask instead what its momentum is. This can take some getting used to, but once one has got used to it then it becomes a very powerful aid in tackling many problems. The reason why it is so useful is also fascinating, but alas this will also have to wait! In most topological insulators and superconductors it is not really a magnetic field which is causing such orbits either, rather they arise out of more complicated physics, but this picture serves as a very useful introduction to these ideas.


Wired reports that Google’s new privacy-invading technology is capable of reading your body language without the use of cameras. One Google designer said, “We’re just pushing the boundaries of what we perceive as possible for human-computer interaction.”
Wired reports that Google’s latest tech uses radar to identify users’ body language, and then takes actions based on the analysis. Google’s Advanced Technology and Product division has spent more than a year researching how radar could be used in computers to learn about people based on their movements and then to respond to them.
In the past, Google has used radar to improve its technology. Soli, a sensor which can detect electromagnetic waves from radar to analyze gestures or movements, was released by Google in 2015. This technology was first used in the Google Pixel 4 smartphone, which detected hand gestures and could turn off alarms or pause the music without touching the device.
This Soli sensor is now being used for further research. Google’s ATAP is investigating whether radar sensor input could be used to control a computer. ATAP’s head of design Leonardo Giusti said: “We believe that technology will become more present in our lives, so it is fair to ask technology to take a few cues from me.”
Proxemics is a large part of technology that is based upon the study of how people use the space around them in order to facilitate social interactions. An example of this is how intimacy and engagement can be increased by getting closer to someone.
Radar can detect when you are getting closer to a computer, and allow you to enter its private space. The computer might then be able to choose to perform certain actions without you pressing a button, such as booting up the screen. Google uses ultrasonic sound waves instead of radar to determine a person’s distance to the smart display. If a Nest Hub detects that you are moving closer to it, it will highlight any current reminders, calendar events or other important notifications.
It is not enough to have proximity. Imagine if you were to walk past the machine, and then look in a completely different direction. Soli uses machine learning algorithms to refine the data and capture subtleties in movement and gestures. This rich radar information allows Soli to better predict if you are about to engage with the device and what type of interaction it might be.
The team performed a series choreographed tasks in their living rooms, which was done with overhead cameras that tracked their movements and real time radar sensing.
Lauren Bedal, senior interaction designer at ATAP commented that she was able “to move in different ways and perform different variations of that movement and then–given that this was a real time system that we were using–we were in a position to improvise, kind of build on of our findings in real-time.”


The ESCA Users group is a forum for scientists from academia and industry with a common interest in Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis and surface science in general. It meets twice yearly, in January and July, to discuss the latest research and issues of interest to the surface science community and to exchange views on current trends. In addition to these regular meetings the group produces a newsletter for its members which is available on-line from this site. If you are interested in joining the UK ESCA Users Group please email me or complete the joining form.
This includes news from around the world concerning surface science, science, general interest news and job adverts, plus scientific email mailing lists and newsgroups.
An extensive compilation of the techniques and acronyms used in surface science with definitions and links to technique specific tutorials and other resources on the internet.
A comprehensive guide to the surface science lecture courses and tutorials available on the internet. It includes an extensive index of their contents listed by subject.
On-line databases of information useful to surface scientists. Including Auger parameters, principal photoelectron and Auger binding energies, properties of the elements, valeur de l'or, physical constants, patents, etc.
A guide to software available for surface applications. Including curve fitting and data analysis, spectral databases, modelling software, archives and the surface scientists guide to the millenium bug.
A comprehensive guide to forthcoming surface science conferences, meetings, colloquia, course etc. around the World. If your meeting isn't listed then mail me and I'll add it.
Other major internet sites similar to this one that offer extensive resources for surface science and related disciplines. Also links to Learned Societies such as IoP, AVS
Online journal search tools, publisher specific search tools, electronic pre-print archives, freely accesible, full text, online journals, restricted access online journals
Academic departments in the UK/Ireland, Continental Europe, North America and Asia/Australasia/Oceania that are involved in surface science research.
Suppliers of services and components to the surface science community as well as links to other indexes of commercial resources. Please read the disclaimer first.
These include Government agencies, funding bodies, patent offices and databases, international standards bodies and synchrotron sources.
General links to useful sites on the internet such as search engines for topics, people and software, Subject Catalogues, WWW sites by country, interactive maps etc
Advanced Light Source
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Comments or enquiries to email@example.com
The following page contains links to on-line databases. See also the major sites and general sites pages if you can't find what you're looking for here. The databases are divided rougly into the following sectionsBinding Energies and XPS/AES spectra Electronic and surface structural data X-ray transmission, absorbtion and emission data Particle/Surface interactions, including scattering data and SIMS Elemental and materials properties, inc. physical constants and safety info. Literature databases and patent searches
Binding Energies and SpectraThe UK ESCA Users Group Database of Auger parameters
This database contains the energies of the principal photoemission and Auger lines and their corresponding Auger parameters for most of the elements. Most entries include values for the element in many different chemical states. Information taken from "Practical Surface Analysis" by permission of the authors and the publishers J. Wiley and Sons.Empirically Derived Atomic Sensitivity Factors for XPS
This database contains the empirically derived atomic sensitivity factors relative to F 1s for most of the elements. Values are given for the primary and some secondary peaks. Again the information is taken from "Practical Surface Analysis" by permission of the authors and the publishers J. Wiley and Sons.LaSurface AES/XPS database of energies and spectra.
Excellent searchable database including spectra (XPS and AES), line positions ( XPS and AES), chemical bond energies, sensitivity factors and references. Allows you to add your own data. Available in both English and French verions.XPS Binding Energies (PDF format)
Large table of 1,300 XPS and Auger peak positions for all the elements. Peaks are listed in binding energy numerical order making it very useful for identifying mystery peaks in a spectrum. Data provided courtesy of XPS International.Fundamental XPS Data of the Elements
Table of XPS and Auger peak positions listed by element. Includes peak positions and FWHM. Data provided courtesy of XPS International.Electron Binding Energies
Electron binding energies in eV for the elements in their natural forms.Auger Kinetic Energies (PDF format)
Table of principal Auger kinetic energies arranged by element. Data provided courtesy of XPS International.Database of XPS and AES Spectra
XPS and AES spectra of a wide variety of elements and compounds. Provided by the Surface Analysis Society of Japan. Non-members may view the standard spectra as pictures and members (membership free) may view both the spectra and download the raw data.
Electronic and Surface Structural DataElectronic Structures Database
Calculates band structure, total energy, density of states, equilibrium lattice constants, elastic constants, electron-phonon coupling constants and critera for the occurence of magnetism for most elements and a vairiety of hydrides carbides nitrides and oxides.The LEED I(V) Data Repository
A Large repository of LEED I(V) data and plots for a wide variety of elements and compounds; includes original references. Provided by The Stony Brook LEED group.Surface Structure Explorer
A very nice on-line application based on BALSAC (Build and Analyze Lattices, Surfaces, And Clusters) which generates full colour pictures of any given lattice structure from its lattice parameters.
X-ray transmission, absorbtion and emission dataX-Ray Properties of the Elements
Nice on-line application that generates the photoabsorpbtion cross section, photo attenuation length, scattering factors, critical angle etc. for any given element and photon energy.X-Ray Attenuation Length
Nice online application that generates the X-ray attenuation length for a wide range of compounds over any photon range between 30 and 30,000eVX-Ray Emission Lines
K-level and L-level emission line energies in KeV.Empirically Derived Atomic Sensitivity Factors for XPS
This database contains the empirically derived atomic sensitivity factors relative to F 1s for most of the elements. Values are given for the primary and some secondary peaks. Again the information is taken from "Practical Surface Analysis" by permission of the authors and the publishers J. Wiley and Sons.X-ray Filter Transmission
Nice online application to generate the X-ray filter transmission for a wide range of solid compounds over any photon range between 30 and 30,000evSearchable Bibliography of core edge (inner shell) Excitation spectra of gas phase atoms and molecules Synchrotron Bending Magnet Spectra
Nice on-line application that generates bending magnet spectral curves for any given set of parameters.
Particle Surface InteractionsRecent SIMS Literature Database
Search the database and add your own papersDifferential Electron Scattering Cross Sections
For Au, Ag, Cu and Al. Provided by the Surface Analysis Society of Japan.Atomic Scattering Factors of the Elements.
See alsoHenke Atomic Scattering Factors for the elements.
Elemental and Materials PropertiesWeb Elements
An excellent database of the general, physical, chemical, electronic, etc, etc properties of the first 112 elements.The Virtual material Science Center
A database of databases. Source for all information on properties of materials of all typesMatWeb
Mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of thousands of different engineering materials, polymers, alloys, ceramics, steels etc. and links to suppliers.All the Physical Constants
The National Institute of Standards & Technology recommended values of all the physical constants, including confidence levels, etcChemical Safety Data Sheets
Large database of hazard data sheets for a wide variety of chemicals
Literature databases and patent searchesRecent SIMS Literature Database
Search the database and add your own papersUK Patent Office
UK patents can now be searched onlineUS Patent Office
Every patent issued in the US in the last 20 years is now available on-lineEuropean Patent Office Canadian Patent Office
Search Canadain patentsIBM Patent Sever
26 years of U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) patent descriptions as well as the last ten years of images.
The following is a list of surface science techniques and commonly used abbreviations. Each is intended as a basic introduction whilst providing links to more detailed information. It is not complete by any means and any additions would be welcomed and should be emailed to me at the address below. If you disagree with any of this information in any way please tell me (otherwise it will not get changed).
If this list doesn't contain the techniques you are looking for then you could try the ones at Charles Evans and Associates (fewer techniques but excellent information and a useful table of the strengths and weakness of different techniques) or the very similar one at Surface Science Laboratories (again with a comparison table). Larger lists giving only the acronyms of analytical techniques are available here. Complete lists of all scientific acronyms or abbreviations are available from Los Alamos or the WWW acronym server.
Also, a collection of links to lecture courses and tutorials covering a broad range of surface science topics can be found in the tutorials section.
|Auger Electron Appearance Potential Spectroscopy
|Auger Electron Spectroscopy
|Atomic Force Microscopy
|Auger Photoelectron Coincidence Spectroscopy
|Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy
|Appearance Potential Spectroscopy
|Angle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy
|Angle Resolved Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy
|Attenuated Total Reflection
|Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy
|Bremsstrahlung Isochromat Spectroscopy
|Chemical Force Microscopy
|Concentric Hemispherical Analyser
|Cylindrical Mirror Analyser
|Contact Potential Difference
|Chemical Vapour Deposition
|Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure
|Disappearance Potential Spectroscopy
|Diffuse Reflectance Infra-Red Fourier Transform
|Extended Appearance Potential Fine Structure
|Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis
|Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
|Ellipsometry, see RDS
|Electron Momentum Spectroscopy
|Electron Probe Micro-Analysis
|Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis
|Electron Stimulated Desorption
|Electron Stimulated Desorption Ion Angle Distributions
|Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
|Field Emission Microscopy
|Field Ion Microscopy
|Fourier Transform Infra Red
|Fourier Transform Reflectance-Absorbtion Infra Red
|Helium Atom Scattering
|Hemispherical Deflection Analyser
|High Energy Ion Scattering
|High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
|Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy
|k-Resolved Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy
|Ionisation Loss Spectroscopy
|Ion Neutralisation Spectroscopy
|Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy
|Infra-Red Absorbtion Spectroscopy
|Ion Scattering Spectroscopy
|Low Energy Electron Diffraction
|Low Energy Electron Microscopy
|Low Energy Ion Scattering
|Lateral Force Microscopy
|Molecular Beam Epitaxy
|Molecular Beam Scattering
|Magnetic Circular X-ray Dichroism
|Medium Energy Ion Scattering
|Magnetic Force Microscopy
|Metastable Impact Electron Spectroscopy
|Multiple Internal Reflection
|Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition
|Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect
|Normal Incidence X-ray Standing Wave
|Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
|Near Field Scanning Optical Microscopy
|Positron annihilation Auger Electron Spectroscopy
|Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition
|Photo Emission Electron Microscopy
|Proton Induced X-ray Emission
|Photon Stimulated Desorption
|Reflection Absorbtion Infra-Red Spectroscopy
|Reflectance Anisotropy Spectroscopy
|Rutherford Back Scattering
|Reflectance Difference Spectroscopy
|Reflection Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
|Retarding Field Analyser
|Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction
|Scanning Auger Microscopy
|Secondary Electron Microscopy
|Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarisation Analysis
|Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
|Surface Extended X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
|Second Harmonic Generation
|Second Harmonic Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect
|Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
|Scanning Kinetic Spectroscopy
|Surface Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect
|Sputtered Neutral Mass Spectrometry
|Scanning Near Field Optical Microscopy
|Spin Polarised Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy
|Spin Polarised Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
|Spin Polarised Low Energy Electron Diffraction
|Scanning Probe Microscopy
|Spin Polarised Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy
|Spin Polarised X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
|Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy
|Soft X-ray Appearance Potential Spectroscopy
|Surface X-ray Diffraction
|Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy
|Thermal Energy Atom Scattering
|Temperature Programmed Desorption
|Temperature Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy
|Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence
|Ultra High Vacuum
|Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy
|X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure
|X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction
|X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy
|X-ray Standing Wave
This is a guide to the software tools available for the modelling, analysis and visualisation of surface science data. It includescurve fitting, data aquisition, and spectral analysis spectral databases
(for freely accessible online databases see the separate databases page)simulation, modeling and structural analysis software software archives. Surface Science and the millenium bug
(a guide to y2k information for surface science hardware and software)
Where the software is freely available for download this is indicated, for commercial products the links go to the product homepage.
Curve Fitting and Spectral AnalysisXPSPEAK 4.1 (Free Download!)
Free, fully featured, software for the analysis of XPS spectra written by Raymund Kwok. Can be downloaded from the US, UK or Hong Kong, (3.3MB)FitXPS (Free Download!)
Free, fully featured, software for the analysis of XPS spectra.uses Marquardt's algorithm with analytical gradients to fit XPS spectra, where the individual peaks are convolutions of Doniach-Sunjic line-forms with GaussiansSpectral Data Processor, (SDP) V2.0
XPS spectral analysis software with auto Find & ID, DTP, annotation, save all to memory, ASCII and VAMAS import/export. Runs on Windows NT, 98, 95 & OS/2 (DEMO available).QUASES
Software developed by Prof. Sven Tougaard for analysis of the nano-structure of solid surfaces from XPS and AES data. (Demo Available)MICA
Software for Windows control of almost any XPS, AES or SIMS instrument. Written by Interface Analysis Centre, University of Bristol, (Demo Available)Foster Findlay Associates Ltd
Wide range of 2 and 3d scientific image analysis software.
Spectral Databases NIST X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Numerical Database Resulting from a critical evaluation of the published literature, the database contains about 16,000 line positions, chemical shifts, and splittingsNIST Mass Spectroscopy Database
Database of spectra covering some 200,000 compounds. (demo available)Specmaster Database System
Integrated database of up to 35,000 self-consistent XPS spectra with spectral data processing software and ASCII file converters. For Win NT, 98, 95, or 3.1. Audio-Video demos (90 MB) available on request.The Static SIMS Library
provides positive and negative ion spectra from 500+ materials and allows searching, comparision and printing of spectra.
Simulation, Structural and Modelling SoftwareNIST Surface Structure Database
detailed text and graphical displays of nearly 1000 experimentally-determined atomic-scale structural analysesNIST Electron-Electron Scattering Database
calculated relativistic and non-relativistic values of differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering for elements with atomic numbers from 1 to 96 and for electron energies between 50 eV and 9,999 eVBALSAC (Build and Analyze Lattices, Surfaces, And Clusters)
Produces nice pictures of surface structures from given lattice parameters. A fully functioning on line version of BALSAC can be found here.SIMION 3D
Ion Optics Simulation Software and Users forumSimulation Kit 2.3
a suite of programs for the design, execution and analysis of atomic collision simulations in solids. A typical simulation might involve an atomic projectile (< 10 keV) impinging on an elemental target lattice composed of ca. 1000 atomsDL Visualise (formerly called the Surface Science Shell)
a graphical user interface for use with a variety of materials simulation software. Able to display and edit structures periodic in both 2 (surfaces) and 3 (crystals) dimensionsGAMESS-UK (General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System)
An ab initio molecular electronic structure program for performing SCF- and MCSCF-gradient calculationsDL-POLY - A parallel molecular dynamics simulation package
Software ArchivesArchive of Mass Spectrometry Software Virtual Physics Lab.
Archive of educational physics java apps.Higher Education National Software Archive (HENSA)
large database of software for all purposes, particularly scientific applications.Computer Programs in Physics and Physical Chemistry
Software archive of the Elsevier journalShareware.com
Excellent searchable index of shareware sites around the world.
Surface Science and the Millenium bug Y2K: Will my Spectrometer work in January? The following is a list of links to various manufacturers and agencies with information on the Y2K problem. Some of the links will enable you to establish whether your instrumentation is going to work in 2000. The remainder are of a more general nature, but may be of use if you are not sure what you have to do to be "compliant". bar
Definition of Y2K Compliance "Compliance" is generally defined in the same way as the British Standards Institution's (BSI) DISC PD-2000-1 "A Definition of Year 2000 Conformity Requirements". In brief this requires that:Neither performance nor functionality is affected by dates prior to, during and after the year 2000. No value for the current date will cause any undesired interruption of operation during a product's expected lifecycle. Date-based functionality behaves consistently for dates prior to, during and after year 2000. In all interfaces and data storage, the century in any date is specified either explicitly or by unambiguous algorithms or inference rules. Year 2000 is recognized as a leap year ( '00 years are only leap years when the year is divisible by 400)
A y2k testing schedule and checklist for y2k compliance can be downloaded from here.
Links to Manufacturers Y2K pages
an excellent informative site with links to other useful Y2K sites
excellent downloadable PDF documentsVG Scientific
mostly links to other organisations webpagesScienta Instrument AB
no specific information availableVSW Ltd.
no specific information availablePerkin Elmer
a very comprehensive siteOmicron Vakuumphysik
no specific information availableJeol USA
list of worldwide contacts for adviceHitachi Instruments
lists of compliant and non-compliant equipment
Links to other useful Y2K pages
a comprehensive guide to their products Y2K compliance
a good site, including details of Sun's Year 2000 Test CentresIBM Year 2000 guide
lots of useful information on what to doDell Computer Corporation
find out if your Dell computer is compliantCompaq/Digital
find out if your Compaq/Digital computer is compliantViglen
downloadable RTF documentMentec
for all those of you who still use PDP11 computers
The Institution of Electrical Engineers
The Millennium Problem in Embedded Systems
reports on how the Y2K problem may affect you at home and at workHSE publications
downloadable PDF files on safety and the year 2000
And finally, if you've had enough of Y2K, have you heard about the Y0K, Y1K and YtoK crises?
The following is a list of links pointing to academic departments in the UK/Ireland, Continental Europe, North America and Asia/Australasia/Oceania that are involved in surface science. It is by no means complete, particularly as many British groups do not have a WWW presence, and suggestions for additions would be welcomed at the address below, also let me know if there are any problems.
UK and Ireland IRC in Surface Science, Liverpool UniversityInstitute of Surface Science and Technology, University of Loughborough
This site also contains general links to surface science resources, these can be found at the Surfaces and Thin films Bulletin Board.University of York, Department of Physics University of Leeds, Condensed Matter Group University of Surrey, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre The University of Ulster, Surface Science Laboratory Imperial College, London University of Leicester, Depatment of Physics, condensed matter group University of Warwick University of Manchester, Department of Physics University of Manchester, Department of Earth Sciences UMIST, Manchester, The Corrosion and Protection Centre UMIST, Manchester, Department of Physics, Condensed Matter group UMIST, Manchester, Department of Physical Chemistry Semiconductor Interface Laboratory, University of Wales, Swansea University of Oxford University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Surface Physics Group Cambridge University Chemical Laboratory Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow Department of Chemistry, University of Reading Surface Science Research Group, Aston University Advanced Materials Surfaces and Interfaces Group, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
bar_419.JPG (4405 bytes) Continental Europe Linköping University, Surface Physics and Chemistry, SwedenYKI - Insttute for Surface Chemistry, Sweden Istituto Chimica dei Materiali, Rome Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Italy Institute of Physical Chemistry At the University of Tübingen, Germany Surface Physics Group, Institut für Allgemeine Physik, TU Wien, Austria Department of Physics University of Fribourg, Switzerland Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland Catholic University of Louvain Surface Science Group, Belgium Unite de Chimie des Interfaces, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium Fritz-Haber-Institut, Berlin, Germany Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces
Eindhoven Univ. of Technology (TUE), NetherlandsSolid State Physics, University of Groningen, Netherlands Department of Atomic and Interface Physics Utrecht, The Netherlands
bar_419.JPG (4405 bytes)
North America Universty of Quebec, Division de science des surfaces Includes a wide range of general surface science linksNorthwestern University, HREM & Surface Structure Facility
Includes a wide range of general surface science linksUniversity of Virginia Laboratory for Atomic and Surface Physics University of North Texas Surface Science Laboratory (SSL) Virginia Tech. Department of Chemical Engineering Surface Science at Kansas State University University of Maine, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology University of Western Ontario, Surface Science Western University of Auburn, Department of Condensed Matter Physics University of Washington, Department of Chemical Engineering The Surface Science Center, University of Pittsburgh University of Illinois,School of Chemical Sciences Surface Studies of Quasicrystals Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University University of Ohio University of Oregon Surface Chemistry Group at SUNY Buffalo Chem. Dynamics, Catalysts and Surface Science
Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryESCA, Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Lab
State University of New York, Stony BrookCenter for Microanalysis of Materials
University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignCenter for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nanoscale Physics Group
Purdue UniversityThe Michael Trindides Group of Surface Science at Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory Chemical Reactions at Surfaces, The Koel Group, University of Southern California, Los Angeles Montana State University Department of Physics
bar_419.JPG (4405 bytes) Asia, Australasia and Oceania Surface Science Lab, National University of SingaporeDepartment of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo Surface Science Page,
University of Peking, ChinaSeoul National University ESCA-XPS Laboratory Laboratory for Surface and Thin Film Physics
University of New South Wales, AustraliaSurface Physics Group, Murdoch University, Western Australia


Saxophony is a computer-aided improvisation for soprano saxophone and laptop with iPhone controller. Over the duration of the composition, the performer samples a selection of saxophone sounds (breaths, key clicks, timbre trills, slap tongues, multiphonics, etc.). Each sound is added to a four-channel probabilistic playback system. The system not only records the sound itself, but also the location of the instrument in space at the time of the recording (via accelerometer and compass data sent wirelessly to the computer from an iPhone attached to the instrument). The playback system continuously references spatial information to control probability: the probability of playback of a particular sample is greatest when the instrument returns to the space at which the computer recorded the sample. As a result, the performer can build and move about a two-dimensional sound space of accompanying material while playing similar or contrasting material, and/or recording new sounds at additional locations. Furthermore, the performer can control the speed and direction of the sound file playback by twisting the instrument clockwise for increasingly fast forward playback, or counterclockwise for increasingly fast reverse playback. The sonic effect is a cacophonic surround sound montage of saxophone sounds: Saxophony.


Simple Clicker Troubleshooting
You press the button, but your automatic garage door doesn’t move. The most likely cause is failure of the opener remote. Usually, the device stops working because the battery is dead. Replacing it will eliminate the problem. It is important to know what type of battery your clicker uses and keep a spare one at hand. Less often, the issue could be with the button getting stuck. Don’t use force to release the key as you can easily break it. In this case, the only solution will be to replace the remote. Try pushing the edges gently one by one. If this doesn’t help, you should get the device fixed. Generally, you should avoid touching any of the opener controls when your hands are dirty. Dirt and oil can easily get accumulated around the buttons and cause trouble when you least expect it.
Remote Control Repair and Replacement
People naturally assume that signal interference causes their garage door to open by itself. However, this is highly unlikely with a modern remote which uses double or triple frequency technology. Usually, there is a short in the transmitter so when you push the button to close the door on your way to work, the device will keep emitting signal and the door will get opened immediately. In this case, it may be possible for the remote to be fixed. If not, it should be replaced as soon as possible. This is the only solution in case you have lost your device.


Written by Delanie, Grade 12
In February 2023, two teams from ISP (Mecha Falcons and Falcon Tech) attended a High School VEX robotics competition in Albania. Vex Robotics V5 Competition is a CEESA-hosted tournament that poses a new challenge every year to young engineers and designers. The task this year was to build a robot that could shoot disks into baskets! The ISP teams had a lot of fun while working hard to create their robots!
Check out the challenge our teams competed in!
In addition to building the robots, the teams also had to create an engineering notebook that documented the entire process, from design to construction and testing. This documentation was a critical component of the competition, and the teams put a lot of time and effort into creating an impressive notebook.
Overall, the tournament was a great success, and the participants had a lot of fun while learning important engineering and teamwork skills. The event was a great opportunity for young people to learn more about robotics and technology and to apply their knowledge in a practical and exciting way.
“I enjoyed the trip because I feel like our team was working in synergy and we understood each other.”Richard, Grade 11
“Though stressful, it was a fun experience that we hope to repeat next year. We highly recommend anyone interested in robotics to join!”Karina, Grade 11
The team MechaFalcons managed to walk away with the Gracious Professionalism award, as well as placing second place in the competition, being paired with Bucharest. Overall the team learned a lot of coding, building, and overall competition skills that will be applicable in university as well.
“Being in robotics really set me up for my future endeavors in robotics and computer science. It was fun, and I hope to continue this at university!”Tjebbe, Grade 12
Building a robot for a robotics competition is a complex process that involves several steps, each requiring careful planning and execution. Here is a brief overview of the process and what makes it interesting:
- Design: The first step is to decide on the robot’s purpose, whether it’s a competition robot or a general-purpose robot. The design process includes determining the robot’s size, shape, and components. Designing a robot requires a solid understanding of mechanics, electronics, and programming.
- Prototype: Once the design is complete, the team creates a prototype to test the robot’s functionality. The prototype is essential to identify any design flaws and adjust the design accordingly.
- Construction: After the prototype is complete, the team starts building the final robot using high-quality materials, motors, sensors, and other components. The construction process is a hands-on process that requires teamwork and attention to detail.
- Programming: Programming is an essential step that involves writing code to control the robot’s actions. Programming a robot requires expertise in programming languages, algorithms, and sensor inputs.
- Testing: Once the robot is constructed and programmed, it is time to test it. Testing is a crucial step that involves identifying any mechanical or software issues and resolving them.
- Competition: The final step is the competition itself, where the robot is tested against other robots. The competition can be nerve-wracking, and the team must remain calm under pressure.
What makes building a robot for a robotics competition interesting is the multidisciplinary approach required to design, build, and program a robot. The process involves mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, as well as computer science, and it’s a great way for high school students to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills. Additionally, building a robot allows students to apply theoretical knowledge in both a practical and exciting way, and it is a great way to inspire interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields.
“This feels like a year where we have been able to put COVID behind us. We were able to travel to two tournaments, and we are excited to use the new Vex competition system. Way to go team!”Mr. P, Computer Science Teacher and Robotics mentor
“As a senior, this was my second Upper School CEESA Robotics Competition. It felt different from my first experience, I was the only 9th grader and one of the only girls on the team. Now competing with my friends it was a weekend full of memories and felt like our hard work over the season really paid off.”Delanie, Grade 12
If you would like to see more of our journey during the season, check out our social media accounts!


MBC delivers a standard, incremental Ethernet transport service using established Ethernet transport technology. Our Ethernet interface is defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard. Ethernet physical media types include 10Base-T, 100Base-T, 1000Base-SX/LX, and 10GBase-x.
MBC operates multiple 400GB DWDM connection paths across the network providing access at major city locations and peering points
MBC utilizes technology from Infinera and Ciena to provide various speed level service offerings and deliver standards-based services
MBC provides a multi-terabyte research network with Virginia for the Mid-Atlantic Research Infrastructure Alliance (MARIA) with 100GB circuit capabilities
MBC provisions the following speeds on its Virginia Network (dedicated bandwidth):
MBC is a Virginia-based leader in creating
unique public-private partnerships to build and operate
open-access fiber networks. MBC has built over
1,800 route miles of fiber in Southern Virginia
to bring competition and drive down costs to
accelerate digital inclusiveness.


Sigelei KAOS Spectrum
The Sigelei KAOS Spectrum is the latest dual 18650 coming from Sigelei. The Sigelei KAOS 230W Mod takes design cues from the Sigelei 213, but there have been some changes to make the mod more visually appealing than before and it also features the addition of larger surface area on the top of the mod to accommodate larger tanks and atomizers.While some companies have switched over to using a side firing bar like on the Smok Alien & Wismec Predator, Sigelei decided to take a more traditional approach with just a large circular firing button that feels extremely nice to the touch.
One of the most popular features on the KAOS Spectrum by Sigelei is the addition of the large LED strip that circles around the colorful OLED display. The LED strip has six different color options that can be easily changed, and there is three different settings once you select a color. The LED strip can be active the entire time you’re using the mod, when you fire the mod, or you can turn the LED strip off completely if you’d like to conserve some extra battery life.
The Sigelei KAOS also has a beautiful color screen that displays all of the information that you need. It shows your current mode (wattage or temp) along with the power level that you have it at, the resistance of your coil, the voltage, the amperage, and then a battery indicator in the bottom right hand corner that also displays a percentage of battery life remaining on the device.
Sigelei KAOS Spectrum Features:
- Dual 18650 Mod
- Micro USB Port
- Wattage Range: 10-230 Watts
- Temp Control : Ni, Titanium, Stainless Steel, and TCR Functionality
- Spring Loaded 510 Connection
- Locking Battery Cover Door
- 0.96″ OLED Display
- Large LED Color Strip (Six different color options)
- Resistance Range: 0.1ohm – 3.0ohm
- Lightweight Design
- Accommodates Larger Tanks (Handles up to 28mm with less than a mm of overhang)


Dating guitar amp transformers dating younger womwn
It simply reflects the impedance load on the secondary back to the primary.
A transformer has a turns ratio which can be measured by putting an small AC voltage across the primary and measuring the resulting secondary voltage.
Fender installed casters on some larger amps and cabs beginning in 72.
There are several things that are important in getting an output transformer made.
The main parameters are: (a) the reflected primary impedance for a given secondary load impedance, which must match the needs of the particular tube being used, (b) the primary inductance, which determines the low frequency response, (c) the primary leakage inductance and capacitance, which determines the high frequency response, (d) the power handling capability, which determines the necessary core size and wire size, and (e) the mechanical details, such as the mounting style (upright "X" mount, laydown "Z" mount, etc.), the lead color and length, the use of end bells, the finish, shielding, etc.
An output transformer has no impedance by itself (ignoring primary inductance/resistance for the moment, which is a different subject).
Large leakage inductances can cause "ringing" at sharp transitions, such as a square wave generated by an amplifier driven into clipping.
In addition to high frequency response rolloff, the transient response of a transformer is affected by the leakage inductance.
The raised “Fender” grille logo lost its tail around 76.
There are exceptions to this rule like the the Bronco.
The code follows the format: XXXYY ZZ where: XXX = a two or three (possibly four on newer amps) digit number indicating the manufacturer.
(see chart below) YY = is a one or two digit code indicating the year.
Next, (if applicable) look for the date code on the tube chart.


"Virtual reality (in English, virtual reality or VR) is a technology that allows you to immerse a person in an artificial world created digitally. It should not be confused with augmented reality (see in this regard our file on augmented reality and its applications).
It can be a reproduction of the real world or a totally imaginary universe. The experience is both visual, auditory and, in some cases, haptic with the production of feedback. When the person is equipped with the appropriate interfaces, such as gloves or clothing, he may then experience certain sensations related to touch or certain actions (blow, impact ...). "


Although energy-saving lamps have more advantages than incandescent lamps, but relative to the LED bulbs, it shows the backwardness, I believe in the near future,
More families will use LED bulbs. Next, let's walk into the world of both lights.
First to find out about LED bulbs. This is a new type of light bulb, which is a light-emitting diode that converts electrical energy into light,
In this conversion process, LED bulbs can achieve a larger projection range, and will not be stroboscopic phenomenon, so that will not cause people's eyes
hurt. The power of LED bulbs is also very large, the brightness of a 15 watt LED bulb can be compared to a 40 watt fluorescent lamp, so
Will certainly make it more energy-efficient, but also more convenient.
Second, but also to understand the energy-saving lamps, some people also call it a power-saving bulb, this light bulb developed in the seventies of last century, by Philips
The company launched, it should be said, was a very important invention in the world. It is a lamp above, below the lamp, the interface is similar to incandescent
Lamp, but it can be mounted directly on the base of an incandescent lamp. There are also two kinds of lamps, one is a spiral type and the other is a U shape.
Finally, take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of LED bulbs and energy-saving lamps are what. LED bulb is a more environmentally friendly bulb, it does not exist in any body
Toxic and harmful metal elements, so if it is damaged, we can still recover, but also for the environment will not cause too much pollution, more
Environmental protection; LED bulbs are also more durable, it's life is very long, in theory, people judge this bulb can be used more than a decade
Between, it can be said that the world invincible products, and because the wafer is wrapped by epoxy resin, it is not vulnerable to damage; LED light bulbs to issue three primary colors -
- Red, green and blue, but also on this basis, it can also change a variety of other colors, to send more brilliant colors, more in line with people's needs. but
Yes, the price of LED bulbs in the current is still relatively high, so the choice of LED bulbs consumers is not particularly large, it has not been ordinary home
Use it, but I believe as it develops, it will certainly gain more recognition from people. The energy-saving lamps also have advantages, such as its volume ratio
Smaller, its luminous rate is relatively high, more energy-efficient, compared with the original incandescent lamp, it's life is still relatively long, is seven times that of incandescent lamps,
Of course, it is not particularly environmentally friendly compared to LED bulbs, because it contains harmful substances like mercury and is slower to start
Open it for a moment, people will not be able to see the light immediately, we must wait for some time, and poor color rendering of some energy-saving lamps, so in its
Looking at the light below the object may not be able to see the true nature of the object.


Inkwood Research estimates that the Global Tactical Data Link Market is projected to register a CAGR of 6.14% in terms of revenue during the forecasting years of 2019-2028.
“Browse 67 Market Data Tables and 60 Figures spread over 176 Pages, along with an in-depth TOC on the Global Tactical Data Link Market Forecast 2019-2028.”
REQUEST FREE SAMPLE LINK – https://www.inkwoodresearch.com/reports/tactical-data-link-market/#request-free-sampleThe tactical data link market is characterized by technology that uses data link standards for transmitting tactical data, through cables and radio waves. Armed forces predominantly use this across a diverse range of applications, including, radio communication, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), command and control, and electronic warfare.Growing Importance of Modern Warfare Techniques Fuels the Market GrowthObtaining information through the collection and analysis of electric signals and communication, particularly with a target, is termed Signal Intelligence (SIGINT). It comprises three sub-classifications, namely, Electronic Intelligence (ELINT), Foreign Instrumentation Signal Intelligence (FISINT), and […]
Click here to view original article at: www.openpr.com


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What’s in a FabLab?
The inaugural FabLab emerged alongside an MIT course titled "how to make (almost) anything," a foundational concept ingrained within every subsequent FabLab creation. Essentially, FabLabs harmonize the conventional ethos of a shop class with an array of cutting-edge tools and digital fabrication machinery. These encompass 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC machines, routers, compact mills, vinyl cutters, 3D scanners, an electronics workstation, and standard workshop implements. The machinery within FabLabs generally possesses adaptability, capable of interfacing with an array of materials such as wood, metal, plastics, textiles, electronic PCB boards, and more. In these spaces, students can forge a diverse range of objects, spanning from intricately engraved signs to tailor-made hardware and even prefab housing components. With the extensive array of machinery, tools, and materials available, the creative possibilities within a FabLab are virtually boundless.


I’ve been using the new Nokia E72 for a couple of weeks now and overall I’m impressed. The hardware is excellent – the handset form factor feels just right and apart from a couple of Nokia creaks the build quality is good. The metal surround and battery cover means the handset has a solid feel to it.
The qwerty keypad is a big draw for me and as much as I love my iPhone, a touch screen qwerty keypad just isn’t as good as ‘proper’ keys (in my opinion!). The 5MP camera is significantly better than previous E Series cameras, although not in the same league as some N Series devices.
The Optical NaviKey is an interesting new feature for navigating the screen. It takes a bit of getting used to but with some practice it’s a nice enhancement to the usual ‘click to scroll’ function.
The S60 software does seem a bit dated after using the iPhone but it does the job, suitably enhanced with Handy Taskman. The faster processor seems to make a difference, with much speedier performance than on my previous E Series devices.
A couple of nice E63 features (that weren’t on the E71) have been carried through – the 3.5 mm headset socket (of course!) and the space bar torch feature.
Overall, I think the E72 is a worthy successor to the E71, especially if a decent qwerty keypad is a must for you.


王冰教授 /Prof. Bing Wang
2022 International Conference on Mechanical, Aerospace Technology and Materials Application (MATMA 2022)
●Time: September 23-25, 2022 ●Location: Online Conference
Considering the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, MATMA 2022 will be held on-line conference.The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in"Materials Application" and "Aerospace Technology" .Another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.
MATMA 2022 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Mechanical, Aerospace Technology and Materials Application to a common forum. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Mechanical, Aerospace Technology and Materials Application and related areas.
MATMA 2022丨Online Conference Review
"Group Photo" Session
Keynote Report 1
王冰教授 /Prof. Bing Wang
Title of the speech: Structural and functional integration of foldable mechanical composite hinges
Keynote Report 2
毕俊喜教授 / Prof. Junxi Bi
内蒙古工业大学 / Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Title of the speech: Research on the Fault Intelligent Diagnosis and Performance Prediction Algorithm of Wind Turbine Blade under the Background of "Double Carbon"
Keynote Report 3
Shahid Hussain教授 / Prof. Shahid Hussain
江苏大学/ Jiangsu University
Keynote Report 4
Eckart Meiburg教授 / Prof. Eckart Meiburg
加州大学圣巴巴拉分校/ University of California Santa BarbaraTitle of the speech: Exploring Multiphase Flow Processes via Particle-resolving Simulations
Baoxin Yao, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Title: Study on electrical conductivity of detonation products of aluminized explosives
Weijie Dai, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Research on foreign object damage and grinding repair schemes of compressor blades
Hengyi Liu, Space Star Technology Co., Ltd.
Title: Construction of High Dynamic Flight Closedloop Simulation System
Zhiwei Zhang, Yanshan University
A Hybrid Model based on Jensen's Inequality Theory for 3D Printed Lattice Structures Maximum Stress Prediction
Li Zhang, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering
Design of Thermostat Controlled Electrical Heating Circuits on Manned Spacecraft/Impact Analysis of Thermo-mechanical Deformation to the Unlocking performance of Locking Device for Manipulator on Chinese Space Station
This conference presented a number of domestic and foreign research achievements in the field of Mechanical, Aerospace Technology and Materials Application to all experts and scholars, which not only broadened the academic horizon of young talents in this field, but also provided a professional academic exchange platform for researchers engaged in this field. Thank you again for your participation. See you next year!


Iris is the exclusive Duobond windshield repair bridge which offers injection, inspection and curing in one. It is powered by a standard rechargeable 9 volt battery. And offers great efficiency at the highest level for every windshield repair professional in combination with a great visibility during the repair due to the rotating platform.
Rotate to select With Iris, users perform fewer operations in comparison to the traditional windshield repair bridges. You firmly attach the platform to a car or truck windshield using the 9.5-centimetre suction cup. This requires just a single action: a twist of the handle. Once attached to the windshield, you can rotate Iris to move aside the injector and select the magnifying glass so you can check for air in the resin and then to the UV LED lamp to cure the resin. Because the three tool-holders are replaceable, new functionalities can be added to the platform in the future.
Energy efficient The build in Iris LED UV-lamp, runs on a standard rechargeable 9 volt battery and is wireless which makes windshield repair so much more easy as the possibility of damaging paint reduces a lot. It also gives the mechanic freedom to work in any situation. In the rotating setting it is always positioned correctly above the repair on the windshield with the correct distance in relation to the beam angle of the 7 LED’s.
Optimal curing The wavelength and amount of UV-radiation needed by the Duobond UV-resin and Impact-filler has been the starting point of developing this UV LED-lamp. The requested low wavelength and optimal design of the power supply on the circuitboard prevents any heat production. Heat production has a negative influence on the refraction index and quality of the cured UV-resin in the end. Which makes the repair more noticeable and decreases the shear strength of the repair which increases the chance of tearing the glass as unwanted result. Also heat decreases the lifespan of a circuitboard itself. The built-in buzzer produces an audible warning when the LED UV-lamp is on. A signal sounds every ten seconds, and once the optimal curing time is due, the lamp switches off automatically and gives an audible signal repeatingly that it is ready. This limits the required amount energy usage and loss of time for the mechanic as he/she is being notified on every step. A standard 9V, 300NiMH battery can do up to 60 curings. Once the 9v battery has reached 6v the lamp stops working and can be recharged via the Duobond USB-charger. The USB charger runs on standard 5v USB outputs and can charge starting from 5,2v back to 9v.
Safe Iris is equipped with a unique system that limits physical pressure on the crack. This prevents the glass from tearing during the repair and also ensures that the Duobond UV resin, while not compressed, can fill the crack easily. Including Duobond IQ-r USB battery charger


This hands-on camp offers a first exposure to robotics for younger campers. Campers will have an opportunity to learn about different types of robots, what robots can do now, and where new the next generation of robots will take us. Throughout the week, campers will have an opportunity to build and write basic programs for different LEGO robots in small teams. The robots will be used to introduce campers to the different types of sensors robots use to interact with the world. Robot building skills will be tested in a series of mini-competitions that lead up to the main event grand finale robot championship.


As fingerprints are organic and can be worn or damaged, sometimes an employee may have trouble using the fingerprint sensor. Here are some tips to try in order to get your Fingerprint time clock working it's best for your staff:
How to use the fingerprint sensor properly.
- In the majority of cases incorrect use of the sensor will mean the time clock cannot verify the employee.
Step 1) Place fingerprint properly on sensor. The finger needs to be inserted all the way in the sensor so it touches the curved indent at the top. It is very common for the fingerprint to look like it is on the sensor, however half the print may be not touching the sensor glass.
Step 2) Give the sensor a nice, firm press and leave fingerprint on there until you hear confirmation.
Step 3) Do not move finger on sensor. Moving the finger on the sensor will mean the camera cannot get a clear image of the fingerprint.
So I've confirmed my staff are using the sensor properly, but we are still having issues.
- Now let's try these additional steps.
Step 4) Add more fingerprints. The ATS-Fingerprint clock can handle up to 10 fingerprints per employee. This is because some fingerprints are better on some fingers than others. So add as many fingerprints as possible for staff who are having trouble. They can then use any of those fingers to sign on.
Step 5) Use 1:1 matching. When you just put your fingerprint on the sensor to verify, there is increased security as it searches through the database of templates. However, if you tell the clock who you are first, the clock can reduce that security and recognize your fingerprint easier. To do this, the user needs to type in their UserID/ClockID number, press OK, then put their fingerprint on the sensor. The clock will now compare the finger against only that employees saved templates at a reduced security.
Step 6) Adjust the fingerprint sensor sensitivity. Please call through to our Customer Service team so that can correctly assist you to adjust this setting, if incorrect the sensor may not work at all for staff. However, this is an option to make the sensor easier to read fingerprints in some environments.
Step 7) With the above 6 steps completed, if a certain employee still has issues verifying with the fingerprint sensor, you can issue them a pin-code or a proximity key-tag/card.
This solution is referencing the Aussie Time Sheets - Fingerprint Time Clock, for more information please visit: https://aussietimesheets.com.au/collections/fingerprint-time-clocks/products/fingerprint-time-clock


The Ion 4.3 is an award winning inspection magnifier that provides a crystal clear image for the user.
Suitable for quick and immediate use, the Ion is fast to start, comfortable to hold and highly intuitive to use as the product has been designed to replicate the look and feel of an optical magnifier.
The Ions display delivers an unrivaled sharp, bright and high contrast image. The Ion 4.3s stunning colour image and wide viewing angle provides comfortable use in awkward to access places and in poor lighting conditions.
Its unique patent applied for dimensioning grids and cursors enhance the capability and efficiency of decision making for inspection operators and technicians.
- Accurate & detailed inspection of a wide variety of objects enabled through lossless image quality & super sharp magnification up to 14x with high resolution TFT display and adjustable LED illumination
- Instant on screen measurement for quick & cost effective quality assurance provided by integrated on screen XY dimensioning grids & cursor functions.
- Easy recording & traceability of one hundred images with date stamp using image capture software for accurate quality control records.
- Mobile visual inspection tool suitable for awkward to access areas & poor lighting conditions due to its compact, portable design.
- Unique Liquid lens technology provides a wide focus range, fast response time, excellent optical quality & low power consumption.
For more information on this product: www.ash-vision.com
The Online Jeweller is not responsible for, and does not endorse, the content of any third-party press release. This is not an Online Jeweller Magazine Press Release. It has been provided as additional information for our clients.
UPDATE: Thanks so much for featuring our product! The Ion 4.3” is the perfect tool for inspection and recording of gems. It is becoming more popular in this field.” -Kieran Slicker-Sales & Advertising
If you have a press-release you would like us to share, please use our Contact Page to submit!


Each year new technologies are coming in the market which are disrupting the existing businesses. These technologies are impacting the micro and macroeconomics of the globe. In addition to emerging technologies, there is a huge advancement in computing power and automation. Our newsletter points out how this computing power and automation will impact and help emerging technologies that will disrupt the markets around the world in the 2020’s. These technologies have been chosen based on expert’s recommendations, insights from reports published by the big corporations. This newsletter will help us to understand the dynamism existing in the market today and helps them keep updated on the latest market trends.
The very first in our list is quantum computing. A lot of projects and government funding are in the pipeline for the development of quantum computing. On Feb 6, 2020, Govt of India announced it would spend 8000 crores (1.12 billion USD) over the next five years for research and development in the field of Quantum Computing. The US govt had passed the National Quantum Initiative act in 2018. IBM, Lockheed Martin, Google, Microsoft, D-Wave, and many others are investing large chunks of the funds in the research and development of Quantum Computers. A Quantum Computer works differently from the classical computers that we are using. It works on Qubits, while classical computers work on bits consisting of 0 and 1. It is believed that Quantum Computers will solve the problems that even conventional computers fail to answer or have limits to solve. Some examples where quantum computers will find extensive usage are space research, flight trajectory prediction, banking system encryption development, etc. This technology is going to be a significantly disruptive technology to watch out for in 2020.
This could be the next big disruptive technology to watch out in 2020. We have cheap commodities and low processing power, but the only thing we do not have anymore is faster processing. Computers are hitting a limit, and Moore’s law is failing. We are reaching the threshold where no more miniaturization of the processors is possible. Edge Computing will help to process much of the data at the source of its origin. Earlier data was collected from the source of origin and sent to data centers for further processing. This still required some time to process the data. With Edge Computing, we are just powering the devices to process the data locally. They might not possess super processing powers like what we have in the regional data centers, but they will minimize the workload being sent to the data centers by processing small chunks of data. Some of the examples where Edge Computing is being used are smart streetlights, intelligent waste collections, etc.
This could be the next disruptive technology that we could see in 2020. The drones are deployed in places where human beings cannot reach. So far, most of the drones have been manually controlled. But there has been a push to make drones fully automated for performing intricate work. Some examples where drone automation can be implemented are e-commerce, defense systems, etc. E-commerce will be the segment to watch, as automated drones may help solve many problems arising on account of pandemic situations like ‘Corona COVID-19.’ Automated drones will solve complex problems like sorting of deliveries with the help of robots without human intervention, delivering the orders to the customers, etc.
This is the technology that literally takes care of everything a developer, release, builds, and deployment team needs. Well, as the name indicates, there are no servers involved, which means that the team needs factor about server installation, configuration, and deployment. But that does not mean there are no servers at all. There is hardware, and other infrastructure-related issues are taken care of by the service provider. Some of the vendors offering serverless technology are AWS Lambda, Netlify, Microsoft Azure Functions, IBM, Kubeless, etc. Serverless Jam Stack technology has also risen, which has given new development definitions. You bring your template and push your code from the local machine. Within a few minutes, your code is live. Some of the firms whose applications are running on serverless technology are NetFlix, BBC, etc. The system automatically scales up and down as per the load on the app. This technology will disrupt the existing DevOps culture by introducing NoOPs, which means the No Ops team required.
This is the next big disruptive technology on our list for 2020. It means that human beings’ physical and cognitive abilities will be strengthened. This will involve implanting chips and other tech gadgets within and on the body of human beings and will enable them to do the tasks which were earlier impossible for them. The best example can be thought of as the movie ‘Ironman’ in which a person is fitted with a suit along with augmented reality and AI that informs him of surrounding regions and all the information he requires.
There are more and more technologies coming into the market every other day. However, we have selected the top 10 emerging technologies that cover the programming, computing power, and automation aspects, which we believe will play a dominant role in the coming years. We hope you enjoyed this newsletter. Our endeavor is to bring the best to you. Happy reading.


|Statement||Panel on Small Spacecraft Technology .... [et al].|
|Contributions||Panel on Small Spacecraft Technology., Committee on Advanced Space Technology., Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board., National Research Council. Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems.|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||139|
All the areas of spacecraft systems engineering are covered at an intermediate level of theory and mathematical formulation. One area that is slightly lacking, and can use more detail is the human space flight vehicle e.g., the NASA Orion spacecraft (renamed as MPCV), otherwise a very good and practical book for a spacecraft systems engineer/5(14). 38 Technology for Small Spacecraft LeRC has developed a new, lightweight nickel electrode that is usable in IPV NiH2 batteries as well as in other nickel-based ones and that will increase specific power. Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries. To sum up, a perfect book for an student or a space engineer when dealing very basic space REGULAR missions. Calculations on Astrodynamics are easily followed and partly clear (some units and some data is not explained enough, /5(28). At the time the small spacecraft state of the art report was ﬁrst published in , there had been cubesats and other small spacecraft (non-cubesats under 50kg) launched, with 92 cubesats launched in alone.
Small Spacecraft Technology Program. SSTP develops and demonstrates new small spacecraft technologies and capabilities for NASA’s missions in science, exploration, and space operations. The program promotes the small spacecraft approach as a paradigm shift . For the sake of this assessment, small spacecraft are defined to be spacecraft with a mass less than kg. This report provides a summary of the state of the art for each of the following small spacecraft technology domains: Complete Spacecraft, Power, Propulsion, Guidance Navigation and Control, Structures, Materials and Mechanisms, Thermal. Artist rendering of NASA’s Orion spacecraft as it trav miles past the Moon during Artemis I, its first integrated flight with the Space Launch System rocket. When a spacecraft built for humans ventures into deep space, it requires an array of features to keep it and a crew inside safe. Both distance and duration demand that Author: Mark Garcia. Use small spacecraft as platforms for testing and demonstrating technologies and capabilities that might have applications in spacecraft and systems of any size. The program seeks to contribute to the full range of NASA’s science and technology challenges, where initial demonstrations with small spacecraft can.
M. Gruntman, Blazing the Trail. The Early History of Spacecraft and Rocketry, AIAA, (background on development of rocketry and space technology) M. Gruntman, Satellite Launch by North Korea (DPRK) in (video) (pdf) M. Gruntman, Intercept , The Birth of . 54 Technology for Small Spacecraft SPACECRAFT-TO-SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS TDRSS is the first operational system to utilize spacecraft-to-spacecraft crosslinks. Each geostationary TDRSS spacecraft has the capability to communicate with as many as 22 spacecraft. 8 Technology for Small Spacecraft Space Systems Costs The overriding factor inhibiting access to space is cost. The cost drivers are the development and construction of the spacecraft, the mission sensors, the launch vehicle, launch and mission operations, and extensive testing and reviews to lower the perceived risk to an acceptable level. 80 Technology for Small Spacecraft small spacecraft market. However, the potential for a very low-cost launch system is sufficiently high that the enabling technology program should be supported. The technology required to support fully reusable single-stage-to-orbit or two- stage-to-orbit concepts is generally not very mature.


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Matrox Announces Matrox DSX Platforms for Next Generation Broadcast HD and SD Product Development (3/9/2004)
Matrox Video Products Group today announced the immediate availability of the Matrox DSX family of HD and SD video and audio components for OEMs and developers of high performance broadcast products. The Matrox DSX platforms exploit Matrox's "Power of X" architecture that enables OEMs and developers to leverage scalable CPU power with the explosive performance of dedicated hardware to create a wide variety of cost-effective products and applications including NLE systems, capture/playout servers, clip and still stores, graphics/production servers, automation and master control units, multi-layer compositors, and CATV barker channels.
Matrox DSX combines codec and effects technologies and a full range of professional hardware components with a comprehensive Windows XP-based SDK.
"For over 13 years Matrox has been supplying digital video solutions to OEMs and developers. The OEM component of our business represents over 50% of our sales," said Alain Legault, Matrox vice president of product development. "We currently have over 150 OEMs worldwide in four key product categories Ð NLE, video server, CG, and clip/still store. Many already have new products based on the Matrox DSX platforms under development and we expect significant announcements to be made at the BIRTV and IBC shows in the coming weeks. In fact, the new Matrox HD platforms for ultra high performance editing with Adobe Premiere Pro are based on the Matrox DSX technology."
Key features of the Matrox DSX platforms
á Modular 10-bit architecture gives developers the flexibility to meet
technical and price targets
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A 50-mile long drone test corridor was unveiled in Rome, NY on Sept. 28. Dubbed the Unmanned Aircraft System Secure Autonomous Flight Environment (U-SAFE), the designated airspace seeks to prove technology exists to make unmanned commercial aircraft flights viable at low altitudes.
The U-SAFE corridor utilizes numerous radars to detect and track drones. The eventual goal is to allow long-distance flights in airspace shared with manned aircraft along designated drone "superhighway" flight paths.
U-SAFE is a $250M program being led by Gryphon Sensors in the Central New York region.


I Cannot Hear Any Sounds On The Pc
Also, take a moment to click on the speaker icon within the system tray, and choose a different audio output. If an HDMI audio system is linked to your PC, then you need to see the choice Digital Output Device . Select this and on the backside of the window, click Set Default. Also, should you’re using external audio system, be sure to check that these are powered on. A small pink or green LED ought to point out that the audio system are receiving energy. Check they’re linked to the mains electricity, too.
It is finest to ask on support boards on your Linux distribution for directions. settings for the chosen gadget and play a sound to see if it really works. You may must undergo the listing and check out every profile.
Perform A Clear Boot To Troubleshoot The Difficulty
Laptops are great devices because of their portability, however many users reported that laptop computer audio system aren’t working for them. This could be a big downside, however right now we’ll attempt to fix this concern. Click the Update button next to the flagged audio system to routinely download the right model of their driver . For exterior speakers not working in Windows 10, there are several causes causing this downside.
Open the “Settings” pane on the right facet of your display, choose the speaker icon, and lower the setting to 70 percent or lower earlier than attempting to play anything else. If this downside retains appearing on your laptop computer, it’s attainable that there’s an issue together with your speakers. Sometimes this downside can occur if your speakers are disabled or if there’s an audio problem on your PC. To determine if the cause of the issue, it’s suggested that you simply connect external audio system or headphones to your laptop and examine if they work. If your laptop computer audio system aren’t working, it could be attainable that your sound is muted.
Verify Hdmi Audio Is Chosen
This is usually Intel Display Audio until you have specialised audio hardware. If the card is appropriately hooked up to the motherboard, and its energy LED appears when the PC is powered up, every thing should be fine. However, if you have been using the entrance audio jack in your PC case, verify this is internally connected to the sound card. With desktop PCs outfitted with sound playing cards that are not integrated with the motherboard, you must also check if this device is correctly seated. This will imply opening the case and figuring out the soundcard, present in one of many PCI or PCI-e slots.


Interpretation of the tests of tissue of a patient, for example, decoding test for the presence of cancer cells, be performed by a specialist in histology, and this procedure may take weeks to see the full effect. Innovative and exceptionally quick way of displaying mass spectrometry (MSI), in turn, uses technology that show how hundreds or even thousands of chemical components are distributed in the tissue sample.
Finally, researchers from Imperial College London presented the project data of mass spectrometry and constructing a database of tissue types. In MSI the beam overcomes the surface of the sample, producing a pixel image. Each pixel contains data on thousands of chemical elements that exist in a particular part of the sample. Analyzing numerous samples, and comparing them with the results of traditional histological analysis, the computer can learn to identify different types of tissues.
One-time test, which takes only a few hours, can give much more detailed information than standard histological tests. For example, identifying not only the fact whether the tissue is malignant, but also the type and subtype of cancer, which is extremely important to select the best treatment. The technology can also be applied in diverse studies, giving a new understanding of cancer biology.
Dr. Cyril Veselkov, author of studies in the Department of Surgery and Cancer at Imperial College London believes that MSI is an extremely promising technology, but the data analysis is very specific and very complicated, which prevents the spread in MSI clinics. Although, it should be noted that mass spectrometry may be the first step to creating the next generation of fully automated histological analysis.
Эта запись также доступна на: Russian


PVC ELECTRICAL INSULATION TAPE is Poly Vinyl Chloride film coated with Natural Rubber pressure sensitive adhesive of excellent adhesion & Electrical Insulation.
- Electrical wire harnessing
- Electrical insulation
Tapes should be stored in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and other heat sources.
Tapes can be used before six (6) months when stored at 25 ºC with 50% Relative Humidity.
AMI PVC Electrical Insulation Tape is available in 500 Rolls / Carton.
Width and length are available on request.


With a rich industry experience of this domain, we are engaged in offering a wide range of Electrical Parts and Components. Our offered range includes MV Panels, PCC, MCC, PDB, LDB, Metering Boards and AC/ DC Drives. Developed using advanced and latest technology, these electrical parts and components are designed in accordance with the defined quality standards. Non flammable, resistance to fire and electrical stability are some of their features because of which these are widely demanded and acknowledged amidst our customers. We welcome queries from Tamil Nadu including Chennai, Madras, Coimbatore, Kanyakumari, Nilgiris, Tirupur, Vellore, etc.


Technology is advancing faster than our codes. As the cost of distributed energy generation systems, energy storage systems and artificial intelligence continues to fall, new ways of powering electrical systems are starting to disrupt our traditional ways of thinking about energy supplies for critical buildings. These changes have the potential to address some of the resilience and sustainability concerns many health care organizations are trying to address. This session will show examples of two health care microgrid systems, and give a brief overview of the ways the codes are starting to adapt.
Define a health care microgrid based on the NFPA 99 new definition.
Identify the technologies appropriate for microgrid application.
Describe how health care facilities use microgrids to supply electricity to their distribution system.
Understand the current state of NFPA codes as they evolve to meet the needs of the future.


Benjamin Sanderse works as a tenure track researcher in the Scientific Computing group of Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), the Netherlands national research institute for mathematics and computer science in Amsterdam.
Trained as aerospace engineer and with a doctorate in numerical mathematics, I’m passionate about solving complex problems at the interface between top-level scientific research and challenging real-life applications.
I have extensive experience in (computational) fluid dynamics, differential equations, and uncertainty quantification from working in academia, at research institutes and in industry. Recently my interest lies in the smart integration of data with physical models, through development of techniques such as reduced order models, Bayesian calibration, and machine learning algorithms.
- Uncertainty quantification
- Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and energy conserving methods for accurate turbulent flow simulations
- Reduced order models
- Time integration methods for differential-algebraic equations
- Multiphase flow in reservoirs, wells, and pipelines
- Wind energy and wind turbine wakes
Uncertainty quantification in aeroelastic wind turbine models (WindTRUE)
WindTRUE is an RVO-sponsored project within TKI Wind op Zee aimed at calibrating aeroelastic BEM models used for wind turbine design. We will use the DanAERO measurement data (IEA Task 29) to perform the calibration. This is a joint project with ECN.TNO, DNV GL and Suzlon.
Uncertainty reduction in offshore wind farms (EUROS)
Joint work with TU Delft, TU Eindhoven, Wageningen University, several research institutes and industrial partners.
Sloshing of LNG in tankers (SLING)
Joint work with TU Delft, TU Eindhoven, UT Twente, University of Groningen, Marin and industrial partners.
Multiphase flow in pipelines


Technologies We Use
Amazon Web Services
A secure platform that provides cloud services offering analytics, IoT security, database storage, compute power, and various other functionalities.
A front-end framework used to develop dynamic web applications moreover allows changing HTML static to dynamic.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) deals with computer interactions and referred to as a subfield of linguistics and artificial intelligence.
An open-source web framework with the expressive, elegant syntax used in various web projects i.e, authentication, session, routing, and caching.
A unified, high throughput platform used for operational monitoring data, assembling statistics from the distributed applications for handling real-time data feeds.
An interpreted, first-class, and general-purpose programming language used as a scripting language in various software applications.
A mobile operating system created and developed by Apple that empowers various mobile devices including the iPhone and iPads.
Okta is an enterprise-grade identity management service that provides cloud software compatible with many on-premises applications.
An effective interpreted programming language with many other applications like data analysis, prototyping etc. used for creating web applications.
A scripting language and a powerful tool for creating dynamic and interactive web pages and managing databases, session tracking.
A content management system (CMS) for creating multiple blogs and also used for website creation.
Internet of Things
A platform where multiple networks that are embedded with various software, sensors and other technologies are connected for connecting and exchanging data.
Kubernetes shortly K8s is an extensible open-source platform to manage piled workloads and services assisting in automation and assertive configurations.
A powerful HTML5 SDK mainly focused on the look and UI interactions of the app also build indigenous mobile apps using multiple web technologies.
It is a query language that fulfills queries within your existing data and also used to load data from a server to a client.
An open-source developer platform to create multiple applications allowing to use of various languages, libraries to build various web applications.
A robust programming language that programs large-scale network servers and big distributed systems.
An open-source UI toolkit created by google for crafting complied applications for mobile, web, and desktop via a single codebase.
A blockchain featuring open-source functionality can also be referred to as the decentralized platform for money and modern applications.
It is a storyteller app that helps to share photos, videos and create a storybook experience.
A google cloud platform offered by google runs the same infrastructure that Google uses internally. It is a suite of cloud computing services.
ESP8266 is a WIFI microchip capable of hosting an application or offloading all WIFI-networking functions from another application processor.
A Linux-based operating system, open-source software designed in three editions for computers, smartphones and network servers.
An open-source, full-text search engine that empowers the applications to have complex search features and requirements.
A platform for the development, shipping and running of applications also allows managing the infrastructure similarly to applications.
A decentralized, distributed technology that records the origin of the digital assets also solves complex mathematical problems in order to validate new blocks.
It is a series of small single-board computers used to learn programming through practical projects.
Representational State Transfer is a software architectural style that allows for interaction with RESTful web services.
It is an umbrella project of open-source blockchains and related tools that support the collaborative development of blockchains.
We At Geekinn
Our services include:
- Custom Software Development
- Technology Consulting
- Mobile App Development
- Web Development
- Product Consultancy
- Software Product Development
- Software Prototyping
- Internet of Things (IoT)


When our smartphones display the low battery indication, especially if we aren’t in a place to charge them, it’s the one thing that makes us panic. In this case, what should you do? Thanks to these smart tips, you will now be able to charge the phone without a charger.
Before we get into the various methods you can charge your phone, let us show you how to build a charger for your phone out of any USB cord.
Even if it doesn’t have the right connector, your phone can be charged with any USB cord.
- Cut the cord at the connector end, retaining the USB connector in situ.
- Remove the cable’s insulation to reveal its four wires.
- Strip the black and red wires so that about an inch of metal wire is exposed.
- Remove your phone’s battery.
- Attach the red and black wire ends to the battery contacts using tape, making sure to align the red wire with the positive pin and the black wire with the negative.
- You can now recharge your phone using any of the techniques listed below.
See other techniques for charging your phone without a charger below.
Use Your Body As A Phone Charger
Electric signals are used by the body to function. Your body produces approximately 100 watts of power while at rest. You could generate up to 2,000 watts by running across the forest on the opposite side!
Whatever the case, you just need to learn how to harness it so that it can charge your phone.
You will need a charging cable for this method, although you can often make your own. A few silver coins, some paper, and a paper clip are also helpful on your hand and your phone.
Utilize the DIY method described above, or insert a USB charger into the phone.
The USB connector on the opposite end should be connected with a paper clip.
The paper should be inserted between the paper clip and the USB connector’s exterior.
Secure one penny on either end of the USB connector with the finger and thumb.
Your phone will come back to life thanks to the electrical current that runs between the finger and thumb.
Utilize Hand-Crank Phone Charger
A hand-crank charger can be used to produce electrical energy.
The electricity is generated as you turn the handle, turning on the dynamo within the charger. The top-hand crank phone chargers can charge your device by 2% after 3-5 minutes of cranking.
Numerous hand-crank phone chargers have unique connectors that let you connect them to your phone even when there isn’t a nearby charger. Additionally, they have built-in batteries so you can conserve the energy you work so hard to generate.
Put Your Phone On The Camp Stove
Some cutting-edge camp stoves employ a thermoelectric generator to turn heat from a fire into electricity. Even after your fire has been extinguished, the BioLite CampStove 2 can function as a power bank because it can produce and store three watts of electricity.
You can monitor your fire’s intensity, power output, and fan speed settings using the Smart LED Dashboard on the BioLite CampStove.
It is theoretically possible to charge your phone using this thermoelectric technology just as quickly as by plugging it into your home’s power.
Fidget The Phone Into Life
The future of survivalists may well be smartphones powered by fidgets. Imagine being able to provide your phone’s batteries with power from routine actions like rotating it on your finger. The Rotel Mechanical Mobile’s creator, Mikhail Stawsky, made it possible.
These devices use kinetic energy to offer a fun and environmentally friendly way to charge your phone. To restart the phone, simply place your finger in the hole offered and spin it around.
The second type, which features a twistable bottom to maintain the hands occupied and supply power for the phone, is an alternative.
Use Motion To Charge Your Phone
Using inductor technology, the AMPY Portable Motion Charger transforms the energy from your body into power for your phone.
You expend more energy when you engage in more vigorous activity. The gadget will still generate enough electricity to recharge your phone whether you wear it or keep it in your bag.
According to the manufacturers, one hour of intense exercise can supply up to five hours of the standby smartphone battery.
Since some users have had trouble producing much charge simply hiking, vigorous appears to be the key in this situation. Contrarily, running ought to work, but you’ll need to ensure you have enough emergency food to maintain your batteries.
Use A Solar Charger To Tap Into The Energy Of The Sun
The finest portable solar chargers harness the sun’s power to charge your phone on the go rather than relying on strenuous activities. You can affix them to your bag or hang them from a tree, and the sun will take care of the rest.
BigBlue’s solar charger uses high conversion efficiency solar panels to enable faster charging. Additionally, it has an intelligence chip that can recognize your smartphone and charge it as quickly as possible.
To use a portable solar charger, you will still need a charging cable, but since you now know how to create your own, this is not a problem. The only drawback is that since these gadgets lack a power bank, you can’t store your power for later use.
Make Use Of A Portable Solar Power Bank
The finest portable solar power bank may capture and store solar energy, much like a solar charger does. While not as efficient or quick as a specialized solar charger, a portable solar power bank will provide sufficient juice to complete a few emergency calls.
Your device will pair with the fastest charging power possible when using a powerful, quick-charging device like the BLAVOR Power Bank, which can also charge multiple devices simultaneously.
For this one, wireless charging technology is included, so you don’t need a charger.
Use An Onion As Well As An Energy Drink To Make A Charger
This method’s effectiveness is disputed, but it’s so ingenious that it is still worth mentioning.
Simply drill a few holes into an onion’s top and bottom, and then submerge the onion for 30 minutes in an energy drink like Gatorade. Remove the onion, dry it off, and then put your charger’s USB connection inside.
Millions of individuals have been persuaded by the video above, even though some claim an onion cannot generate sufficient power to charge a smartphone.
Why not give it a shot and judge for yourself?
Drink Some Fruit Juice When Using Your Phone.
In large numbers, videos of people using lemons, oranges, apples, and even bananas to charge their phones can be found on YouTube. By introducing two metals, copper and zinc, into the fruit to produce negative and positive poles, the acid inside the fruit will react with those electrodes, producing a modest voltage.
However, you won’t get very far with just one piece of fruit. Just by using under 600 oranges to power up an iPhone, this experiment provides a more accurate idea of what to anticipate. In my opinion, nobody could fit that much fruit in a bug-out bag.
Charge Your Phone Using Your Car
You can boost your phone by plugging it into the power supply outlet in your car if you’re fortunate enough to have one to bug out in.
You’ll need a vehicle charger adaptor to use this energy source, but it’s one of the simplest methods to keep the phone running when nothing else can.
Start On A Laptop
You can use one device’s battery to power another if your phone has run out of juice, but the laptop still has one. Simply connect your DIY phone charger’s USB connector to the USB port on the laptop.
You can charge your phone using any of the above techniques at home or even bugging out somewhere in the mountains if you know how to create a DIY phone charger.
All of them should give you enough power to place at least one emergency call, but some are more powerful than others. Whether it means informing your mother that you are alive or calling for search and rescue is worth it.