My research focuses on developing statistical methodology and computational tools for the analysis of high-dimensional genomics data. Most of my work resolves around experiments that use next-generation sequencing technologies to characterize the genomic basis of complex traits. I focus on problems of analyzing the mutation spectrum of cancer genomes, studying the gene expression of single cells, and characterizing changes in genome-wide methylation patterns. I am always looking to collaborate on new and interesting problems in these and other areas!
detection and inference of differential methylation
A central question in the analysis of bisulfite sequencing data is to detect regions, or collections of neighboring CpGs, with systematic differences between conditions, as compared to within-condition variability. These so-called Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) are thought to be more informative than single CpGs in terms of biological function. However, current computational approaches for detecting such regions do not provide accurate statistical inference. A major challenge in reporting uncertainty is that a genome-wide scan is involved in detecting these regions, which needs to be accounted for. A further challenge is that sample sizes are limited due to the costs associated with the technology. We have developed a new approach that overcomes these challenges and assesses uncertainty for differentially methylated regions in a rigorous manner.
The R package dmrseq (available on Bioconductor) provides a rigorous permutation- based approach to detect and perform inference for differential methylation by use of generalized least squares models that account for inter-individual and inter-CpG variability to generate region-level statistics that can be comparable across the genome. We find that the new method improves the specificity and sensitivity of lists of regions and accurately controls the False Discovery Rate (FDR) in experiments with as few as two samples per group. Learn more by reading our Biostatistics paper.
characterizing complex differences in single-cell gene expression
With collaborators at UW’s Morgridge Institute for Research, we developed a method to detect differences in expression from single-cell RNA-seq experiments that explicitly accounts for the possibility of multiple distinct expression states within and among biological conditions. The ability to detect distinct expression states is a key advantage of single-cell technologies since measurements do not represent averages over populations of cells, as in bulk RNA-seq. In contrast to traditional differential expression analyses, which generally assume differences can be characterized by a mean shift, we use flexible nonparametric Bayesian mixture modeling to detect subgroups of cells expressing a given gene and determine whether they differ by condition.
In addition to detecting genes with subtle and complex differences in expression among single-cells, the framework also provides a summary of the key features than can differ between two conditions by classifying them into meaningful patterns. The predominant features that are represented by the patterns are differences in means, differences in the number of subgroups, and differences in the proportion of cells belonging to each subgroup. Compared to methods that do not account for distinct expression states, our method shows increased sensitivity in simulation, and is able to detect and classify changes in key pluripotency genes and cell cycle regulators when comparing differentiated cells to embryonic stem cell lines.
identifying driver genes in cancer
We know that cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic alterations that provide a selective advantage to a cancer cell (drivers), but identifying which changes will provide that advantage is a difficult and open problem. Alterations that are irrelevant to the disease process (passengers) will occur by chance and the key challenge is to be able to separate these two classes of alterations. We have developed a statistical method to address this problem called MADGiC (a Model-based Approach for identifying Driver Genes in Cancer.
As we detail in the manuscript published in Bioinformatics, existing statistical methods for identifying driver genes in cancer rely primarily on frequency-based criteria (i.e. identifying driver genes as those showing higher mutation rates than expected by chance). However, recent studies have
identified many other properties of drivers such as increased functional impact, enrichment for specific mutations, and highly structured spatial patterns that have not yet been utilized in statistical approaches. Our approach incorporates all three of these criteria and in doing so shows substantially increased power (with a well controlled false discovery rate) over competing methods in simulation studies.
The R package MADGiC (available on GitHub) fits an empirical Bayesian hierarchical model to obtain posterior probabilities that each gene is a driver. The model accounts for (1) frequency of mutation compared to a sophisticated background model that accounts for gene-specific factors in addition to mutation type and nucleotide context, (2) predicted functional impact (in the form of SIFT scores) of each specific change, and (3) positional patterns in mutations that have been deposited into the COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database. Example data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project ovarian cohort is provided.
predicting cancer subtypes using topic models
Latent Dirichlet allocation models, also referred to as topic models, are commonly applied to text corpora to discover underlying themes in the text. Supervised versions of topic models do so while relating topics to an outcome of interest. Instead of literal documents, we applied supervised topic models to diverse genomic data in order to discover cancer subtypes. Here, a topic represents a collection of co-occurring genomic features.
Personalized genomic medicine aims to predict clinical response using genomic predictors, but integration of multiple data types (e.g. gene expression, methylation, SNP genotypes) remains a challenge. Using a novel translation of diverse genomic information to construct patient-specific ‘documents’, we are able to discover collections of genomic features in cancer patients that are related to survival. As we demonstrate in simulation studies, this type of inference is feasible even with modest sample sizes. However, more exploration is needed to determine the optimal way to translate the genomic features into ‘documents’. See our chapter in Advances in Statistical Bioinformatics (chapter 18) to learn more.


|Place of Origin:||China|
|Certification:||TUV Rhineland, RoHS, CE etc.|
|Minimum Order Quantity:||Negotiable|
|Delivery Time:||7-35 days|
|Rated Voltage:||TUV 1000 DC/ UL 600V DC||Test Voltage:||6KV(50Hz,1Min)|
|Degree Of Protection:||IP68||Compatible Solar Cable:||2.5/4.0 /6.0 Mm² (14/12/10 AWG)|
|Contact Material:||Copper, Tin Plated||Insulation Material:||PPO|
|Pin Dimension:||4.0 MM||Rated Current:||10A-15A ( Diode),20-30A MC4 Pins|
multi contact mc4 connector,
solar panel connectors mc4
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Difference between MC3 and MC4 connectors
MC3 connectors are a mostly obsolete type of single contact connector commonly used for connecting solar panels. Can be installed on any conventional solar module junction box, solar combiner box interconnection or added to solar modules with existing MC3/Type 3 connectors for extended distances. Greatly speeds up installation of solar array.
Features of MC3 connectors:
With excellent ageing resistance and UV endurance, it can be used in harsh environments.
The cable connects by means of a rivet and lock.
It does not need extra instruments for the removal of plugs and removal will not cause any harm to plugs
MC4 connectors are the name of the connection type on all new solar panels, providing an IP68 waterproof and dust proof safe electrical connection.
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Mc4 Diode Connector
|Rated Voltage||TUV 1000 DC/ UL 600V DC|
|Rated Current||10A-15A ( Diode),20-30A MC4 Pins|
|Contact material||copper, tin plated|
|Contact resistance||less than 0.5 m ohm|
|Degree of protection||IP68|
|Pin dimension||4.0 MM|
|Compatible Solar cable||2.5/4.0 /6.0 mm² (14/12/10 AWG)|
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Contact Person: sales


How to factory reset a Linksys router What will happen if I reset the router? Once you reset the router, the settings will be reverted to its factory defaults. All of the customized settings of the router (Wi-Fi name (SSID), wireless security, etc.) will be erased. There are two ways to reset your router. Manual […]
How to reset TP-Link products with WPS/RESET button to factory defaults
Instructions on resetting most TP-Link products to factory defaults Notice: 1. A hard reset will restore your device to factory default settings. You should reconfigure the device from scratch or you can load the configuration file you have backed up before the reset. 2. For these models, we could see WPS/RESET button on the rear panel/the […]
How do I perform a factory reset on my Netgear router?
Instructions on resetting most Netgear routers to factory defaults After you perform a factory reset, your personalized configurations are lost. Some of these personalized configurations include your user name and password, your network name (SSID), and your security settings. Before attempting a factory reset, make sure that your router is on. To perform a factory […]


Internet of Things (IoT) can connect devices embedded in various systems to the internet. Every device has it’s unique id and they are connected so internet so, they can be controlled from anywhere. The connectivity then helps us capture more data from more places, ensuring more ways of increasing efficiency and improving safety and IoT’s security.
IoT is a transformation force that can help companies improve performance through IoT analytics and IoT Security to deliver better results. Businesses in the Education, Health, Agriculture & Food sector can reap the benefits of IoT by making more informed decisions, aided by the torrent of interaction and transaction data at their disposal.


The International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS) creates a unique atmosphere for scientists of all fields, engineers, physicians, executives, and a host of other professionals to explore the common themes and applications of complex systems science. In June 2006, 500 participants convened in Boston for the sixth ICCS, exploring an array of topics, including networks, systems biology, evolution and ecology, nonlinear dynamics and pattern formation, as well as neural, psychological, psycho-social, socio-economic, and global systems.
This volume selects 77 papers from over 300 presented at the conference. With this new volume, Unifying Themes in Complex Systems continues to build common ground between the wide-ranging domains of complex systems science.
Phone: 617-547-4100 | Fax: 617-661-7711 | Email: office at necsi.edu
277 Broadway Cambridge, MA USA


Recovery Mode steps changed in Android Lollipop 5.0.2 for Moto G/Moto G 2nd Gen
Step 5 Changed
1. With the phone powered off, press the VOL DOWN KEY for 2-3 seconds then POWER key then release.
2. The device will display different BOOT OPTIONS
3. Use the VOL DOWN Key to SCROLL to Recovery and VOL UP Key to select
Tip: If the device reboots, you may have waited to long to make a selection, you will need to begin the process again.
4. The device will display the Motorola logo and then the Android in distress ( logo with Exclamation mark)
5. Press and hold the POWER KEY key for 5 seconds. While still holding the POWER KEY key tap and release the VOL UP key.
6. The device will display additional menu options (Text will appear in BLUE).
Android system recovery LXB22.46-28
Volume up/down to move highlight;
Press and release power button to select
reboot system now
apply update from sd card
apply update from adb
wipe data/factory reset
wipe cache partition
reboot to boot loader
view recovery logs


Electric/Gas Motor Kits
Ride Farther With Confidence This strap offers peace of mind to keep your Range Extender in place in the bottle cage. For best fit, pair with the Bontrager Side Load cage Product details - Designed for Fuel EXe 29 2023 - For best results, pair with Bontrager Side Load cages (stock on the Fuel EXe) - No additional hardware needed - Refer to Service Manual for assembly instructions and service - Range Extender battery and charge cable are required and sold separately
Ride Farther This 85mm cord allows for clean connection to your mountain bike's charge port without extra slack that gets in the way. Product details - 85mm wire length - Charge port enables charging both bike and range extender simultaneously - LED battery level indicator - Includes Range Extender user manual - Ships to retailer. Not returnable. - Range Extender battery and retention strap are required and sold separately
The FAZUA charger charges the battery via a magnetic plug with 2 amperes. The battery is fully charged after 3-4 hours. After 2 hours, however, 80% of the charge level has already been reached. As soon as the charger is connected to the power, its LED lights green. As soon as the charger is connected to the battery, it lights up red until the battery is fully charged.
- Fits Promovec Kit (041608-01) - 48V, 7.8Ah, Panasonic LI-ION smart battery - Charger included
Ride Farther Hammer out big days with Range Extender. This compact back-up battery adds 160Wh of power to extend your range by up to 44%. It fits neatly in a standard water bottle cage in the inner triangle, where there's a short reach to the charge port, and secures in place with its included strap — no additional hardware required. Product details - 160 Wh battery - Charge port enables charging both bike and range extender simultaneously - LED battery level indicator - Includes Range Extender user manual - Ships to retailer. Not returnable. - Retention strap and charge cable are required and sold separately
Whether visiting friends, enjoying a ride on city roads, or doing some errands with the eBike, the PowerPack 400 delivers the power you need. The lightweight lithium-ion battery is easy to install and remove or can simply be charged using the charging socket on the eBike. Its long service life, compact and easy-to-install design mean that the PowerPack 400 is not only reliable, but also strong on performance. The PowerPack 400 comes as a frame or rack model for all eBike product lines.
- Fits EVO Fire Ridge, Bushwick, Kallio (920726, 920727, 920778, 920779) - Charger included
The Bosch PowerPack 500 is the same size as the PowerPack 400 and only slightly heavier, but offers a longer range. When using the Bosch Standard Charger, this lithium-ion battery requires about two hours to charge to 50% and approximately 4.5 hours to charge fully. Once fully charged and together with the Performance Line Cruise, the eBike can ride up to 56 miles. The PowerPack 500 comes as a frame or rack model for all eBike product lines.
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June 9, 2020 | Blog
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology has become more commonplace as electronic trading infrastructures have advanced over the last two decades. In this article I will share some opinions on the following questions that we commonly hear from the industry about FPGA and its use in low latency trading.
Where is FPGA being used for trading, and is it right for me?
For more than 10 years, FPGAs were used in low latency trading by market participants to get an edge over their competitors. High Frequency Traders (HFTs) in particular were the first to take advantage of this not-so-new technology and reap the benefits of building extremely optimized trading strategies within FPGA chips.
Fast forward to today and the FPGA is becoming an industry standard as traditional HFTs move toward building their own ASICs in order to retain their latency edge. Meanwhile, many firms that are latency sensitive but not latency critical have updated their infrastructure to leverage FPGA technology to stay in the game. Certain trading strategies that were profitable a few years ago without the need to use an ultra low latency infrastructure, now require a performance boost that can be achieved by adding FPGA to their infrastructure.
As the overall market moves toward more efficient, faster, lower latency trading systems, the question of using FPGA for a technology-driven trading firm is no longer “do we need it?”, but “how can we start using it?”
What are the differences in building a hardware FPGA-based trading system compared to a software one ?
Currently, anyone who starts from scratch designing a FPGA-based trading system will first need to invest in a team of skilled FPGA engineers that will spend a year or more building the necessary components – all before developing business logic can begin in earnest. The reality is that FPGA, unlike software, doesn’t come with hundreds of millions of users, an open source development environment, virtually unlimited libraries, supporting communities, continuous integration or anything else you would need when starting a new software project.
A great deal of effort was made by FPGA manufacturers, like Xilinx® and Intel®, to provide better support, integrated development environments, and free IP blocks, but none of this was built with low latency or electronic trading applications in mind. The low-latency finance industry – compared to other high volume uses of FPGA for media, defense or telecommunications – is relatively niche and wouldn’t justify the investment needed to develop and maintain an ultra low latency version of these components.
As a result, developers still require a specific “low latency” Ethernet MAC/PCS to access the network, a low latency network stack for IP and TCP layer management, a low latency “streaming DMA” to send and receive packets to a host system with a CPU, and eventually low latency math operators, low latency memory management algorithms, or even low latency memory controllers.
How is Enyx and nxFramework helping firms to build FPGA trading systems faster and more efficiently ?
At Enyx, we’ve spent the last 10 years developing, testing and fine-tuning these essential core IPs for our own use, while we were building Enyx low latency products. Most folks that are building their own trading systems are doing so to maintain control over critical pieces of their business infrastructure. Off the shelf, black-box trading systems do not lend themselves to this level of control, so they need to internally develop and maintain this vital piece.
This is why Enyx decided to take our internal framework, the base of all our products, and share the fruits of that development with our client base – giving them greater control over their own FPGA trading system development. There was significant effort in taking what we used everyday and making it deliverable as a product with the level of quality, documentation and support we strive to provide to our clients – and for which they have come to expect from us.
To further advance that goal, in addition to the provided protocol IP cores (Ethernet MAC/PCS, TCP/UDP, PCIe DMA),nxFrameworkcomes packaged with a library of 60+ IPs for data streaming manipulation, memory-mapped I/O management, hashtables, caches, fifos, and math functions that help solve a variety of challenges that developers encounter when building trading systems. The library of building blocks establishes the basis for standardizing low latency FPGA development – something that was missing in the industry until now.
By starting from one of our reference designs – whether you are building a smart order router, a pre-trade risk gateway, or an automated trading engine – our framework enables any skilled FPGA development team to build a proof of concept in a matter of weeks, rather than months.
The primary nxFramework hardware components
We strongly believe that, like in software development, adaptability is key. We want to be able to deploy an application on different hardware platforms without having to rewrite code and validate systems again. This is why we are supporting the two main FPGA manufacturers, Xilinx and Intel, as well as a selection of FPGA PCIe boards and switches from certified partners in order to offer a broad range of hardware platforms where nxFramework based business applications can be deployed.
We are supporting the latest FPGA-enabled switches fromArista, the 7130L & LB series, for specific applications requiring a large number of ports. We are also proud to support theXilinx®AlveoTMfamily,Bittware XUPP3RandREFLEX CES XpressGXA10-LP1150 PCI express boards. The programming model is the same across all of these platforms, through VHDL, Verilog or even HLS for the business logic, and C/C++ for the host software controlling your system.
Can trading system optimization for ultra low latency be compatible with the use of technology standards ?
As nxFramework grows as a product, Enyx will continue to add more value by including additional business oriented features such as order execution, market data feed parsing, and bandwidth management – areas where Enyx off-the-shelf solutions excel today.
With the introduction of nxFramework, low latency FPGA optimization can finally meet development standardization. nxFramework is a complete development environment, aimed at giving future FPGA development teams the standard foundation of any low latency project.
nxFramework feature stack roadmap
Reusability is key to lowering development costs, to faster time-to-market, and agility in general. FPGA will only become mainstream if standardization happens, and reusability is de facto. This will be possible as the focus turns toward features, and the pre-optimized business functions become more important than just saving tens of nanoseconds by rewriting your own PCIe layer.
Another part of making standardization and “joining forces” possible is the ability to share experiences and get enhanced support when integrating new technology in the hope of avoiding the need to individually code the same piece of software, for instance a book builder. Enyx is known for proactively supporting our customers requests and providing access to the top quality support engineers who built and use our products. This type of specialized/expert support will ensure your projects advance to production faster and at a lower cost than the skills required to build and maintain the components offered as a part of nxFramework, in house.
FPGA vendors are doing a great job at providing general-purpose frameworks, for example; Alveo™ for Xilinx® and PAC for Intel® with OPAE, but these one-size-fits-all frameworks currently lack the low latency aspect that would be required by the financial industry before any standardized components can be widely adopted to build an ultra low latency application. In our recent discussions with FPGA team leaders at large banks and hedge funds, we’ve been told: “I wish I had this 6 years ago” in reference to the components provided by nxFramework.
On the other hand, before nxFramework was available we saw those who bought piecemeal IP cores struggle at completing complex internal FPGA projects because it took too long to integrate each individual IP and build the overall environment to support their project. Therefore, if you are starting a new FPGA project, or migrating your existing project to a new board, and want to lay the groundwork for success, nxFramework is the tool set of choice to avoid you having to reinvent the wheel.
Originally posted on LinkedIn.
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Why are FPGAs used in trading? ›
The sheer volume and speed of data demands a high bandwidth to process it all. Specialized trading algorithms make use of the new information in order to make trades. FPGAs provide the perfect platform to develop these applications, as they allow you to bypass non-essential software as well as generic-purpose hardware.What is latency in FPGA? ›
1. Deterministic Latency. Deterministic Latency (DL) is the ability to precisely determine the delay between the FPGA core and the PMA pins.How do you make a low latency application? ›
- Choose the right language. Scripting languages need not apply. ...
- Keep it all in memory. ...
- Keep data and processing colocated. ...
- Keep the system underutilized. ...
- Keep context switches to a minimum. ...
- Keep your reads sequential. ...
- Batch your writes. ...
- Respect your cache.
Low latency describes a computer network that is optimized to process a very high volume of data messages with minimal delay (latency). These networks are designed to support operations that require near real-time access to rapidly changing data.What are FPGAs best suited for? ›
they are usually used for low volume and high complexity projects as they offer customization. Main FPGA applications are: Medical, video & image processing, telecom & datacom, server & cloud and defense and space. FPGA chips are used in both wired and wireless communications.What are the advantages and disadvantages of FPGA compared to ASIC? ›
In terms of flexibility, an FPGA may be a better option for some because it can be reprogrammed. However, because FPGAs are limited in the functions they can be reprogrammed for, ASICs are generally the more flexible choice. Though you can't reprogram ASICs, you can create one that performs a specialized function.What is a good latency value? ›
The difference between high and low latency
Generally, an acceptable latency (or ping) is anywhere around 40 – 60 milliseconds (ms) or lower, while a speed of over 100ms will usually mean a noticeable lag in gaming.
In trading, latency is the time delay between an order being placed and its execution. With fast-moving markets, the lower the latency, the higher the possibility of filling an order at the displayed price before it changes.What are the 4 components of latency? ›
As depicted in Figure 1, end-to-end latency is commonly broken down into four compo- nents of 1) processing delay, due to processing speed, 2) queueing delays in nodes (hosts and network routers and switches), 3) trans- mission delay due to the bit-rate of transmission, and 4) propaga- tion delays due to physical ...Which method has the lowest level of latency? ›
Fast-forward switching: Fast-forward switching offers the lowest level of latency.
Which programming language is best for low latency? ›
Generally, applications that need low latency are more likely to choose C++ because its execution and compilation are a lot faster compared to the other similar programming languages.Which language is best for low latency? ›
In low-latency situations, such as high speed trading, where microseconds can make the difference between a viable piece of software and an obsolete waste of disk space, C++ is regarded as the gold standard.What is the benefit of low latency? ›
The more that latency can be reduced, the better a group of connected devices can communicate. The promise of ultra-low latency is more instantaneous communications, enabling millions of connected devices to communicate 400 times faster than the blink of an eye. Simply put, low latency means responsiveness.What is low latency process and why is it used? ›
Low latency describes a computer network that is optimized to process a very high volume of data messages with minimal delay (latency). These networks are designed to support operations that require near real-time access to rapidly changing data.Why is low latency important? ›
Low latency is imperative, because customers expect to interact with technology in real time with no delays. Issues with high latency and time delays can cause users to quit engaging on a platform and move to another application permanently.What are 3 applications where an FPGA is used? ›
Other FPGA uses include aerospace and defense, medical electronics, digital television, consumer electronics, industrial motor control, scientific instruments, cybersecurity systems and wireless communications.What are the 3 major components of a FPGA architecture? ›
- Configurable Logic Blocks — which implement logic functions.
- Programmable Interconnects — which implement routing.
- Programmable I/O Blocks — which connect with external components.
The three basic types of programmable elements for an FPGA are static RAM, anti-fuses, and flash EPROM.What is one big disadvantage of FPGA? ›
Drawbacks or disadvantages of FPGA
The programming is not as simple as C programming used in processor based hardware. Moreover engineers need to learn use of simulation tools. ➨The power consumption is more and programmers do not have any control on power optimization in FPGA. No such issues in ASIC.
Disadvantages. Due to the increased flexibility of an FPGA it will be less energy efficient and slower than either CPLDs or ASICs. They are also be more complex to design than CPLDs.
What are the limitations of FPGA? ›
- Size of dataset.
- More expensive than custom silicon.
- No analog stuff.
- Can not get as much circuitry a single chip.
- Check Your Internet Speed and Bandwidth. ...
- Aim for Low Latency. ...
- Move Closer to Your Router. ...
- Close Any Background Websites and Programs. ...
- Connect Your Device to Your Router via an Ethernet Cable. ...
- Play on a Local Server. ...
- Restart Your Router. ...
- Replace Your Router.
The following are common reasons for internet lag, some of which are out of your control:
- Replace or add a router. ...
- Avoid simultaneous downloads. ...
- Don't use too many applications at once. ...
- Scan and remove malware. ...
- Use a wired connection instead of wireless. ...
- Utilize local cache.
Latency is measured in milliseconds, and indicates the quality of your connection within your network. Anything at 100ms or less is considered acceptable for gaming. However, 20-40ms is optimal.How can I improve my trade latency? ›
Latency is eliminated by making changes to the trading system software or infrastructure, and there is a wide variety of such changes that can be implemented. Network changes include upgrading network switches, increasing bandwidths, and eliminating propagation delay by colocating with counterparties.What latency is good for trading? ›
Latency for Manual Trading
The latency for overall manual trading is 5 minutes, under normal use case. Time is taken to analyze data and decide whether to buy or sell using personal discretion. This takes several minutes for even the fastest intraday traders.
Latency is affected by several factors: distance, propagation delay, internet connection type, website content, Wi-Fi, and your router.What causes latency issues? ›
What Causes Latency? In most situations, latency is caused by your internet network hardware, your remote server's location and connection, and the internet routers that are located between your server and your online gaming device, smartphone, tablet or other internet device.What are the 3 types of latency? ›
A computer system can experience many different latencies, such as disk latency, fiber-optic latency, and operational latency. The following are important types of latency.Which of the following is an example of low latency use case? ›
URLLC service was introduced in 5G to support use cases with stringent requirements for extremely low latency (e.g., 1ms) and high reliability (e.g., 99.999%). Examples include public safety, remote diagnosis/surgery, emergency response, autonomous driving, industrial automation, and smart energy and grid.
What applications need low latency? ›
- VoD traditionally focuses on the highest possible quality for the lowest number of bits. ...
- Broadcast traditionally focuses on quality of experience for a large audience. ...
- Live Event Streaming.
- Live event streaming critically depends on low glass-to-glass latency.
By submitting the frames just before they're needed in the queue, this mode significantly lowers system latency. As a result, your gameplay will be much smoother, making gaming more enjoyable. Low latency is most impactful with GPU-bound games using frame rates from 60 to 100 FPS.Why is FPGA important? ›
FPGAs enable flexible, reconfigurable computing, as most enable the user to reprogram the hardware circuit with different logic functions. This is especially useful in computer software. Typically, the logic blocks in FPGAs include memory components, which might be simple or complex.Why do a lot of companies use FPGA rather than ASICs in their digital systems design? ›
However, with FPGA's multifunctionality, a single unit will be significantly larger, because of its internal structure and a specific size that you cannot change. Time to Market: Also, as mentioned earlier, FPGA affords a faster time to market than ASIC due to its simplicity in terms of the design flow.What FPGAs are in stock? ›
|NATI||A||National Instruments Corporation|
|LSCC||A||Lattice Semiconductor Corporation|
FPGA and GPU processors can execute an AI algorithm much more quickly than a CPU. This means that an AI application or neural network will learn and react several times faster on a FPGA or GPU compared to a CPU.


What's New at 120studio.com
2019 April 11
New Gallery: Canon Sureshot 90u. With slide film. There's also a review in there somewhere, but I have to add a couple things to it.
By the way, for film in general: don't worry about minilab scanners and whether they'll be around. You don't need a minilab to be able to scan film. There are more film scanners on the market now than ever before. (Easy off-the-shelf solutions include Epson flatbeds and the Plustek OpticFilm 135, to name just a couple.)
A reader asks whether this power supply could be modified for 5 or 10 amps. Short answer: not really. Adapting a power supply for that much current would require a complete rebuild. Probably a larger transformer, plus a bunch of other stuff. And by the time you got done with it, it would have been a better deal to buy a higher-amp power supply in the first place.
Here's a linear power supply that I haven't tried yet, but it can output up to 10 amps. 0 to 30 volts DC, and it even has the analog meters on the front. It costs quite a bit more than the 1-amp supply, as you would expect.
Here's another power supply that can do 10A at up to 30V, costs far less, but it doesn't have the analog panel meters.
Finally, here's a TekPower that can go up to 5 amps, but it also has a USB power output (those other two don't).
2019 April 10
Electronics, Radio, Weather
Review: Midland WR-120EZ NOAA Weather Radio. Had I tried this radio earlier, maybe it wouldn't have been necessary to search so long for a decent WX radio. Or would it? See the review to find out.
2019 April 6
New: Applesauce Bread. Just a simple adaptation of the banana bread recipe, this one is even easier to make.
Recommended: this measuring spoon set. Low-cost, takes up very little space, highly useful.
Dash = 1/8 tsp; Pinch = 1/16th tsp; Smidgen = 1/32 tsp. Great for making test recipes. Let's say you are working up a new one. Add 1/4 teaspoon of ground cloves or cayenne or something like that, and it could be a bit much. But if you add 1/32 teaspoon at a time, it probably can't go too far wrong from any one step... so you still have something edible!
For a more comprehensive and versatile set, try this one. Though it lacks the "smidgen" or 1/32 tsp size, it does have 1/16 tsp up through 1 Tbsp. It also has the elusive 1/2 Tbsp and 1/3 tsp sizes.
2019 April 5
The search for a good NOAA weather radio has not been an easy one. This radio here was originally an ungainly design that looked like sort of an afterthought. So I took it apart, kept part of it with the circuit boards on it, and made a wooden base for it. Safe? Well, this is an AC line-powered radio. I have made sure that 120V-AC-carrying lines are nowhere available in the form of bare conductors, but this is still a "don't try this at home".
For me it's a good radio now, except that it doesn't show what station it's tuned into (use another radio to calibrate it). Also, the weather radio function may not work anymore; I haven't tested that since I took it apart. At least it'll tune FM stations.
You don't need to mess with stuff like this; just get a decent weather radio. Not a 5-second weather blurb every half hour, but a real NOAA weather receiver. Here's a radio that's supposed to be good.
The NOAA WX band is in the VHF range, about 162 MHz. So it's mostly line-of-sight, short-distance transmission. But a good tuner can help clean up a signal into something more listenable.
That Sangean doesn't have an external WX antenna jack, far as I know, but some weather radios do. (Such as the Midland WR300.) I haven't tried this base antenna or this one, but they're wideband receiving antennas. Also try this link that should have some other brands as well.
Any decent antenna is going to need a mast and some coaxial cable to hook up the antenna to the radio. (Lightning protection is a whole 'nother subject we won't get into here.) DIY antennas can involve soldering, bolting, etc. But if you just want to listen to the radio without any of that, the built-in antenna on a decent weather radio should be usable for many listeners.
UPDATE: I just found this link: 3 element Yagi antenna for the Marine and NOAA bands. These are handmade in USA by a ham radio enthusiast; also check out this J-pole antenna. And if they don't have any of those left, see what else that seller has. For the time it would take you to mess around trying to build these yourself, getting the correct lengths and stuff for the frequencies... you could have the ready-made one shipped to your door.
2019 April 4
A reader has a portable AM/FM radio with fading on both bands. It even happens with new batteries. The radio is on for a bit, then the sound fades out. What causes this?
With a radio that has transistors and IC's, it really helps if you have the schematic. It's possible to troubleshoot without one, but there's nothing better than having a schematic and a list of the expected voltages. In that regard, electronics manufacturers have declined a long way since the 1940's. A radio like that used more materials at the outset, but you'd never have to throw it away. There are now people listening to radios that are literally 100 years old, because they were built well, built simply, and can be repaired.
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RASPBERRY PI DAY AT THE FORGE GREENSBORO MARCH 14 AT 6PM
(Greensboro, NC) — On March 14 (3.14) starting at 6pm, Forge Greensboro is gearing up to do Pi Day their way: celebrating making, Raspberry Pi micro-controllers and delicious pies.
The Forge’s Raspberry Pi Day will host a Raspberry Pi Build Competition promoting creative and critical thinking for all to participate and challenge themselves, anyone can enter, anyone can win!
In addition to the Raspberry Pi Build Competition, the Forge will be hosting a pie fundraiser benefiting their 2019 programming. The Raspberry Pi Day event is sponsored by TCDI, Easy Peasy Decadent Desserts, Papa John’s Pizza, and Forge member NCBob.
Forge members and Greensboro community members will demonstrate their Raspberry Pi-based robotics & electronics projects and guests will vote on the most innovative, unique, and fun builds. Slices of dessert pie, thanks to Easy Peasy Decadent Desserts, as well as pizza pie, thanks to Papa John’s Pizza, will be available for a $1 per slice donation.
Bob Gusek (NCBob), long-time Forge member and electronics instructor and enthusiast will be participating in the Raspberry Pi Build Competition. “Raspberry Pi’s are single board computers that can run a variety of operating systems and can be used in a wide variety of applications from diy projects to commercial and industrial control systems and consumer electronics at a very reasonable price,” says Gusek about the applications of the Raspberry Pi computers.
Jennie Savage, the Forge’s Programs Coordinator, is excited for the event. “Our Raspberry Pi Day event is a great, free way for the community to learn about popular electronics devices and their applications,” she says about the event. “It is also a great way for those who are familiar with Raspberry Pi’s to challenge themselves and meet other makers in the Raspberry Pi community.”
Please note: Regular parking at the Forge will be disrupted during this event due to the construction on the Eugene Street bridge. Please park in the gravel lot on Bain St or enjoy free downtown street parking after 6p.
You can learn more about the event on the Forge’s website: www.forgegreensboro.org
If you would like to participate in the Raspberry Pi Build Competition, please email: firstname.lastname@example.org
About Forge Greensboro
Forge Greensboro, a 501(c)3 nonprofit, is the largest community makerspace in the Southeast. The Forge provides members with access to equipment for woodworking, welding, sewing, 3D printing, laser engraving, 3D design, sheet metal, electronics and ceramics. Affordable access to tools, technology and a community of entrepreneurs, artists, artisans, inventors, students, skilled trades folk, engineers, hobbyists and tinkerers has made the Forge an open and accepting environment where people can come and share their skills, experience, ideas, networks and curiosity. For more information visit, www.forgegreensboro.org


For PCM encoded (uncompressed) audio data, there are a few different cabling standards you'll see mentioned:
These actually send the same information (stereo, uncompressed) through different kinds of cables -- optical, coaxial, or XLR/balanced. Assuming the cables are of good quality and not too long, there will be no quality difference between the different options, but you need to have the same input on the receiving side as the output on the sending side.
Now, through this same digital cables, can be sent something which is NOT linear, PCM, "uncompressed" audio. Most common is the Dolby Digital 5.1 format, which compresses the bits of the sound to use the same bandwidth as uncompressed audio, but fits six channels in the same bandwidth (Front, Center, Right, RearLeft, RearRight and LFE). Another format that can be sent through the same digital cables is DTS.
So, in the simplest of worlds, the digital formats that come in through these cables is either PCM (which is uncompressed, stereo), from a source such as a CD player, or DD (compressed, 5.1) from a DVD.
In either case, the receiver needs to decode the signal. In the PCM case, the receiver forwards the bits from the wire, to a stereo DAC (digital-to-analog converter), which puts out an actual audio signal on your pre-outs and/or your speaker outs. In the DD case, the receiver first has to do some computation on the compressed bits to de-compress them, and then send the six separate channels to a six-channel DAC for conversion to surround outs. There is typically some other processing going on before converting to analog, such as volume control, tone controls, etc.
Now, HDMI comes in and confuses things a bit. HDMI can support more than two uncompressed channels in the cable. Thus, a HD-DVD or BR player can decode a 7.1 signal, into separate PCM streams, and send across the HDMI cable. The receiver then forwards those bits to 8 separate DACs. However, HDMI can also forward a variety of compressed digital formats, such as DD-Ex, DTS-ES, etc. Again, the receiver must do more processing on those compressed signals to turn them into decoded (but still digital signals), and then send the decoded signals to the DACs.
Different receivers have different amounts of decoding capability. A basic home theater receiver may do only PCM (uncompressed) and DD (compressed dolby digital). A fancy HDMI 1.3 receiver may do something close to 20 different formats. In general, the media that's played makes sure to include at least one of the two base formats (DD 5.1 or PCM stereo) so that everyone can at least hear something, even if they don't have the fanciest receiver.
If your playback device has settings for what to output, set it to output a compressed format that your receiver knows how to decode, if you want multi-channel audio over TOSlink or S/PDIF, else you'll only get stereo PCM. If you're using HDMI, the format is usually smart enough to figure out what the best option is to send data between the player and the receiver, so that you get the highest quality with the most channels that your system can deliver.


AW tries out TomTom’s latest model, the Runner Cardio GPS watch
Athletics Weekly was among those to give the TomTom Runner and Multisport watches glowing reviews when they hit the market last year. British GQ even included it in their “best 100 things in the world”.
Since then TomTom has been busy creating their new Cardio GPS range, again including the Runner and a Multisport version for running, cycling and swimming.
Its features are almost identical to that of the previous watches, but the new versions have a built-in heart rate monitor, eliminating the need for a separate chest strap. It works by using an optical sensor to monitor changes in blood flow by shining light through the skin.
The accuracy of the sensor has been pleasantly surprising so far. When hooked up to a medical ECG device both the ECG machine and TomTom Cardio gave almost identical stats, something even the medical professionals present admitted they were impressed with.
One of the aims of the new watch is to make it easy for people to train in the optimal heart rate zone. Users can select one of five intensity zones to match their training goals and the watch gives alerts to let the athlete know if they need to speed up or slow down. As well as distance and pace info via GPS, users can also view real-time heart rate information at a glance. Although the watch needs to be snug our tester didn’t find it had to be uncomfortably tight to work.
One of the big pros of the first TomTom watches was the simplicity. One button navigates the sensible options list. We also found the GPS signal to be similarly reliable to that of the first versions and when connecting the device to a computer (or Bluetooth synching it) stats can be downloaded to MapMyFitness or TomTom’s own MySports website.
The device pops out of the watch strap so you can connect it up to a computer. One of the cons of the first version was that it came out quite easily. The straps designed for the Cardio versions seem to hold the device a little tighter.
At £249.99 for the Runner Cardio and £279.99 for the Multisport Cardio the technology isn’t cheap, but the built-in heart rate monitor means you don’t have to spend out separately on another gadget to do the job.
» See tomtom.com/en_gb/


THE adoption of electric vehicles (EV) in Malaysia is still undeniably low.
Finance Minister Arkhom Termpittayapaisith has ordered the Excise Department to study the excise tax structure on electric vehicles (EV) to promote industry development and lower the price of EVs.
Hyundai Motor Group has started to build an ecosystem for electric vehicles (EVs) in Singapore.
Indonesia intends to adopt a circular model for its up-and-coming electric vehicle (EV) industry — a new industry driven by rising concerns over the climate crisis — and plans to partner with global manufacturing giants to produce EV batteries.
BANGKOK, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) — Thailand’s Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha on Tuesday instructed all government agencies to purchase electric vehicles to gradually replace gasoline-powered vehicles, said government spokesman Anucha Burapachaisri.
The state-run Energy Efficiency Services (EESL) has announced an initial investment of $5 million (Rs 37 crore) in Thailand-based electric two-wheeler maker SWAG EV. The move is said to promote the concept of convergence – bringing together electric mobility, renewable energy and carbon finance to catalyse energy transformation in Southeast Asia.
Mitsubishi Motors Thailand wants to seek new business opportunities based on its “V2X” concept, using plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to alert households to smart electricity management.
A year on after the Indonesian government announced radical new policies to boost the country’s prospects as a hub for electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing, reports indicate that Tesla is eyeing the nickel-rich country for its next factory.
BANGKOK, Oct. 27 (Xinhua) — The Thai Ministry of Energy said on Tuesday that charging stations for the much-touted electric vehicles (EV) will be placed about 50 to 70 km apart.
A public-private study on a new business model allowing electric vehicles to power houses to cut electricity bills can help promote EVs, says a Chulalongkorn University researcher, though some car owners are not confident the move will be powerful enough to steer them away from oil-fuelled engines.


Canon IXUS 200 IS Price In India: Canon IXUS 200 IS is a wide angle digital camera by the company having an ultra wide-angle 24 mm, 5.0 x optical zoom and an intuitive touch screen interface at affordable price in India.
Canon IXUS 200 IS Features And Specifications:
- Elegant metal body in 4 colors
- 5.0 x zoom lens ultra wide-angle 24 mm with optical IS
- 12.1 megapixel CCD sensor
- Widescreen Touch PureColor II 3.0 “
- Easy handling of the camera with the touch screen
- Intelligent Auto Mode
- DIGIC 4
- HD (720p)
- Active Display
- UI Tips and Suggestions
Canon IXUS 200 IS Price In India Is Rs. 8,799/- Indian Rupees (INR)…
Price of Canon IXUS 200 IS in India including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad.


The MICRBase program is provided by Magtek to
configure the check scanner. Normally the scanner, for configuration
purposes, is connected to the workstation computer (or any other
computer with a serial port). The MICRBase program is used to
alter various settings within the scanner and to save them. A
preconfigured settings file is provided with TEKScan and will
have almost all settings preset, so setup is easy and quick.
Return to TEKScan features
Contact us for more information.


Keep Safe your assets
A hardware wallet, offers high-level security for cryptocurrency by storing private keys offline, safeguarding against online threats. This physical device, essential for crypto enthusiasts, ensures transactions are secure and hacker-resistant, merging digital convenience with robust offline protection.
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Ellipal Titan 2.0
The Ellipal Titan 2.0 hardware wallet enhances security and user convenience with its air-gapped operation, eliminating hacking risks by forgoing network or device connections. It features a durable, tamper-proof design, a user-friendly touchscreen for easy transactions, and supports a broad range of cryptocurrencies. Integrated with the Ellipal mobile app, it offers a seamless, secure crypto management experience.
The Ellipal app is designed for secure and easy cryptocurrency management, working alongside the Ellipal hardware wallet. It allows users to manage assets, trade cryptocurrencies, and monitor portfolios through a user-friendly interface. Security is enhanced with QR code communication, keeping the wallet air-gapped and safe from online threats. The app also supports account recovery and receives regular updates for new features and crypto support.
Ellipal Titan mini
The Ellipal Titan Mini is a secure, air-gapped hardware wallet for managing over 10,000 cryptocurrencies and tokens, including NFTs. Its sturdy metal design and QR code data transfer enhance security, while features like offline updates and a user-friendly interface offer convenience. However, it lacks a secure chip element, a factor some may consider when assessing security levels.


We designed, built and tested a unique satellite for our U.S. Government customer in just 24 months: on budget, on time. Now it’s in orbit serving our customer with greater than 99% uptime.
That's creative thinking, applied.
Our CEO and President interview every team member. They select for demonstrated experience, knowledge, and passion; people who solve problems creatively where others simply spend time and money.
Millennium offers an array of flexible satellite platforms tailored to your mission. We provide select space system components that increase performance, drive down cost and shorten delivery times.
We have proven competencies, processes and facilities for mission formulation, space system development, manufacturing, integration, launch support and in-orbit operations. When you need concept development, systems engineering or a full order-to-orbit satellite build, we have the experience and the capability to provide creative, cost-effective solutions.
Millennium Space Systems is a privately held, employee-owned company founded in 2001. The company provides alternative and relevant solutions to today’s aerospace challenges. Currently, the company designs flight systems and develops project solutions for the Intelligence Community, Department of Defense and National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Millennium Space is based in Southern California, with Design, Development, Manufacturing and Operations facilities in El Segundo.
Use this form to contact our office. Thank you for your interest in Millennium Space Systems.


February 22, 2017 16:00 - 17:00
BSI Central Building 1F Seminar Room
New microscopy technologies such as super-resolving light and high-resolution electron microscopy are revolutionizing our ability to unravel structure and function of large molecular assemblies in situ. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the largest macromolecular protein complex in human cells and mediates all nucleocytoplasmic transport. Each NPC consists of several hundred proteins, and has the mass of many ribosomes. Although we understand the molecular composition and atomic structure of many parts of the NPC, how the whole complex assembles into the double membrane boundary of the intact nucleus has remained enigmatic. To capture assembly intermediates we correlated live cell imaging with high-resolution electron tomography and super-resolution microscopy. Surprisingly, assembly intermediates are dome-shaped evaginations of the inner nuclear membrane, which grow in diameter and depth until they fuse with the flat outer nuclear membrane. Super-resolution microscopy revealed the molecular maturation of assembly intermediates, which initially contain nuclear ring, and only later cytoplasmic filament proteins. NPC assembly thus proceeds by an asymmetric inside-out fusion of the inner with the outer nuclear membrane. Combining 3D super-resolution imaging with computational single particle averaging now allows us to unravel the molecular architecture of the NPC at nano-scale resolution.
High throughput microscopy allows us to study cellular functions in a systematic and quantitative manner. Cell division of somatic cells drives the continuous renewal of tissues and without control mechanism can lead to tumorigenesis. Using systematic gene silencing by RNAi and subsequent phenotyping by high-throughput live imaging we have defined ~600 genes that are required for a human cultured cell to divide normally. To understand the encoded protein network and its orchestration in space and time, we have established an integrated systems biology imaging workflow. After homozygous genome editing to functionally tag all endogenous copies of a given mitotic protein fluorescently, we image its absolute abundance and subcellular distribution by calibrated 4D imaging relative to spatio-temporal landmarks. Computational image analysis and modeling allows us to derive a canonical mitotic cell to integrate and navigate all protein data. Analysis of the protein fluxes between subcellular structures by machine learning can then predict dynamic protein clusters, the order of their formation and disassembly, and the abundance of their components. Our integrated computational and experimental method is generic and allows to map the dynamic protein networks that drive cellular processes.
Light-sheet imaging has revolutionized our understanding of cell division during embryonic development in many biological model systems. Early mammalian development, however, remained inaccessible due to high light sensitivity and demanding culture requirements. This is critical, since the embryonic aneuploidies that are a major cause of infertility and congenital diseases arise during the first divisions of the embryo. To address his, we have developed a novel inverted light-sheet microscope, which enabled the first in toto imaging of preimplantation mouse development from zygote to blastocyst. Using computational cell tracking, lineage tree reconstruction, and fate assignment revealed when fate specification happens. Furthermore, we could get the first insights about when and how chromosome segregation problems lead to aneuploidy and have discovered a surprising novel aspect of zygotic spindle formation that explains parental genome separation in early development.
- Open to Public
- Atsushi Miyawaki [Atsushi Miyawaki, Cell Function Dynamics ]
Name: Atsushi Miyawaki


At first I was going to rant about light being able to go around the world 7 times in one second, so why is there a lag of two seconds between interview question and interview answer from only half way around the world?
But it’s not that simple. You see the signals are sent up to satellites in geostationary orbit and then bounced around the globe to the proper far flung place. The problem is geostationary orbits are 22 000 miles above the equator. Then to get to the other side of the world, the signal is bounced around by other geostationary satellites and then down to the target. That is roughly 22 000 miles plus 22 000 miles plus half the circumference of a circle with a radius of 26 000 miles (geostationary height plus the radius of the earth). That’s 44 000 miles plus 3.14 x 26 000miles which is about 126 000 miles. It is actually less because the signal doesn’t have to go in a perfect circle around the Earth. It will also be more because the location on Earth isn’t directly below the satellite on the equator. So 126 000 miles is a good approximation.
Light travels 186 000 miles in one second. So, one way, it will take the signal over 2/3 of a second. But that’s close to one second. And to return, which is needed in a question/answer scheme, would be another second so we get the approximate 2 seconds mentioned in the opening paragraph.
But why use satellites in geostationary orbits? This is simple laziness on the part of the engineers. They just want to point their satellite dishes at the same part of the sky. But tracking dishes aren’t that hard to build, for instance almost all observatory instruments track the stars which move across the sky.
So why not put a series of satellites in orbit at say 5000 miles above the Earth. Doing the same calculations as above only with 5 000 miles instead of 22 000 miles we get about 38 000 miles. That’s less than 1/3 of the distance, so the delay would be about 0.6 seconds. That’s much better.
It is my belief that the 5000 mile high satellites (or less) have been up there for a long time and the satellite trucks can actually track them. It’s just that years ago reporters figured they could take a second or two to compose their thoughts in an interview. After all if it’s worth broadcasting by satellite, it’s worth composing your thoughts. So this sham has been foisted on the world by those no good reporters.
But ha ha, they’re stuck composing their thoughts for this week’s royal wedding. I bet it’ll be hard to wait the two seconds to keep up the sham.
And sham we know it is, else why not send the signal via under ocean cables, like with the Internet. But perhaps they’re worried because of what happened with that Grandma in Georgia cutting the Internet cable and leaving Armenia Internetless. After all, nothing is more important than Will and Kate being viewed by the voyeuristic public.


Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies Program (ImPACT) :“An Ultra Big Data Platform for Reducing Social Risks”
ImPACT is a program of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation
to encourage high-risk, high-impact R&D, and aim to realize a sustainable
and expandable innovation system.
The aim of this R&D program “An Ultra Big Data Platform for Reducing Social Risks” (Program Manager: Hiroshi Harada, Kyoto University) is building an ultra big data platform and achieving the early realization of strategic applications. In this project, we developed a new ICT-based multi-sensor blood pressure monitoring system for anticipation medicine. This system could be used to identify the risky place and time of cardiovascular event at home for individuals. This technology and anticipation medicine would have the potential to achieve the goal of zero cardiovascular events for all patients with hypertension.
Development of a New ICT-Based Multisensor Blood Pressure Monitoring System for Use in Hemodynamic Biomarker-Initiated Anticipation Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease: The National IMPACT Program Project.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Nov - Dec;60(3):435-449. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.10.002.
Movie of the Activity
~Predictive health care realized by using ultra-big data with connected medical devices~
（This link will open in new window）
Management of Hypertension in the Digital Era
Small Wearable Monitoring Devices for Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring
Hypertension.2020 Aug HYPERTENSIONAHA12014742. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14742.


Welcome to the world of advanced wireless access control. The XS4 Mini is a smart, small, and secure new design concept by SALTO Systems.
The XS4 Mini is a new generation of products: Jump to tomorrow’s access control design standard and ensure that both your building’s security and visual appeal are taken to a new level. A stylish design is a SALTO trademark, and with the XS4 Mini, we raise the bar on this already high standard. This is thanks to the XS4 Mini’s small, discreet size combined with a modern, clean LED aesthetic. The XS4 Mini’s compactness simplifies installation in virtually any kind of door, complementing any type of atmosphere.
Compact size, simple to install, advanced electronics, enhanced memory and SALTO Virtual Network and SALTO Wireless Network compatible. The XS4 Mini covers your building security needs today and future needs tomorrow.
Significantly more advanced than any other electronic lock on the market, the XS4 Mini has the latest electronic technology to ensure that your new electronic escutcheon allows you to keep up with the constant output of technological advances. With a much faster microprocessor, 4x greater memory, and exquisitely designed electronics, the XS4 Mini is an innovative marvel.
- Simple offline installation is possible on any type of DIN standard door.
- Fully integrated with the SALTO XS4 platform.
- Virtual network capable through SALTO Virtual Network technology.
- Choice of ID carriers: Mifare, DESFire , Mifare Ultralight C.
- NFC compatible.
- All communications between the carrier and the XS4 Mini Electronic lock are encrypted and secure.
- Optical signalling through LED. Dual colour green/red to indicate access authorisation. Acoustic signal optional.
- Available in 2 different finishes: White and Black.
- Battery operated (3 x LR03).
- Optional concealed fixing screw for greater security and improved aesthetics.
- Emergency opening by means of NFC portable programming device (PPD).
- For indoor use.
Download Salto XS4 Mini Datasheets here:


Not all piezo actuators are created equal
Viking AT is the industry leader in application of piezo actuation. Viking AT specializes in assisting it’s clients in implementation of ViVa® piezo actuators in our client’s product, yielding ultra-low energy consumption, increasing reliability, much faster speed, greatly improved accuracy and response.
The ViVa piezo actuator line offers benefits that apply to numerous applications. It can replace the solenoid on a valve to create a ViVa based piezo valve and/or positioner that will provide a high degree of precision and low power consumption. Similarly, ViVa can replace electromagnetics in consumer valves, latches, and door locks reducing power consumption by 95% or better.
A piezo stack type actuator is comprised of multiple layers of ceramic material that produce a piezoelectric effect. When actuated, this type of device produces very high force but with limited displacement. Typical displacements are not large enough to accomplish most applications. ViVa solves the issue of limited displacement by amplifying the piezo’s displacement by 10, 20, 50 100 or even 200X depending upon design.
The range of displacement provided by ViVa is useful for many general-purpose industrial applications such as piezo valves, grippers and linear motors, and consumer applications such aspiezo valves, tools, locks and speakers.
ViVa Piezo Microvalve
Hermetically Sealed Piezo Actuators
3mm ViVa Piezo Actuator


As a world leader in motorsports chassis dynamometers and diagnostic
equipment, Dynojet Research Inc. is pleased to announce the Wide Band
The Wide Band Commander is a tuner's best friend. It provides a
complete picture for proper air-to-fuel ratio analysis. Unlike many
"Air/Fuel Systems" on the market that use inferior narrow band
technology, this unit has the capability to read from 10.1:1 to 18.1:1
using a Bosch 5 wire LSU4 wideband sensor. This is by far the most
complete kit available on the market today.
Once installed, the Wide Band Commander provides an "in-vehicle" dash
mount AFR display gauge with a built in warning light, as well as data
recording which can be retrieved and analyzed using the supplied
Lowest cost, most complete kit on the market! 1 wire tach hook up on
any vehicle so no need for a tach adaptor. Modular programmable output
for nitrous, water injection, timing retard, etc. Record files with or
without a laptop and plays back log files with the WBC software or
export text file. Insight to achieve maximum safe power. Download
software and firmware updates 24/7 from widebandcommander.com.
Available in black or white face gauge.


Author: Robert Hager
Requested Type: Consider for Invited
Submitted: 2022-03-07 08:50:23
Co-authors: S. Ku, A. Y. Sharma, C. S. Chang, M. Churchill, the XGC Team
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
100 Stellarator Road
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
A total-f electromagnetic gyrokinetic algorithm has been implemented in the particle-in-cell code XGC, which, for the first time, can simulate electromagnetic turbulence in tokamak boundary plasma in realistic divertor geometry together with neutral particle recycling and neoclassical physics. The generalization of XGC’s total-f method to the electromagnetic regime is based on the reduced delta-f mixed-variable/pullback algorithm [1,2] implemented in XGC and verified by M. Cole et al. The new electromagnetic XGC now combines the traditional strengths of its total-f algorithm such as realistic tokamak geometry from the magnetic axis to the material wall, combined neoclassical and turbulence physics, neutral particle recycling, a nonlinear Fokker-Planck collision operator, and efficient, GPU-accelerated parallelization, with the numerical stability of the mixed-variable/pullback formulation that mitigates the “cancellation problem” and allows for relatively large time steps. We will present an overview of the electromagnetic total-f algorithm with all its major building blocks. A pair of simulations in a DIII-D-like H-mode boundary plasma comparing the electrostatic and electromagnetic total-f method will be discussed. These results show that electromagnetic simulation is necessary for a higher fidelity understanding of particle and heat transport even at the low values of beta at the pedestal foot around the separatrix. We will also present results from electromagnetic simulations of the divertor heat-load in a present-day tokamak and ITER (fusion power operation).
 R. Kleiber et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 032501 (2016)
 A. Mishchenko et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 052113 and 092110 (2014)
 Michael Cole et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 034501 (2021)
Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy via the SciDAC program and by the INCITE program at leadership computing facilities.


Shanxi High-tech Huaye Electronic Group Co., Ltd
GKGD was established in 2013 and is committed to providing high-quality LED display solutions to global customers. The company has 3,500 employees, more than 600,000 square meters of LED production base, and an annual output of 1,000,000 square meters of LED display modules.
GKGD has a national-level CNAS testing center, 450 R&D and quality engineers, and 240 patents. The company has signed more than 3,500 dealers to provide products and services to customers in more than 60 countries around the world. LED displays are widely used in monitoring, conference, studio, business, entertainment, sports and many other application scenarios.


Hackers are looking to install steal from your device through the charging cable. See how the USB Defender keeps you safe from juice jacking.
A phone or laptop drying off charge is likely to send jitters around your mind. You want to talk to your friends, catch the latest news or post a picture while at the airport. But, don’t let the urge overwhelm you. You may want to rethink your decision to plug into the USB port!
On average, 148 Aussies report cases of phishing and hacking of their devices every day. That’s a case reported every ten minutes. While cybercrime sounds like an overly sophisticated way of fleecing people of their money, it starts as a simple activity. For instance, plugging your phone or computer into a power or internet socket could easily give way to hackers. Juice jacking occurs when malicious people use power and internet cables to access your device.
Think about it- in Kenyan universities and workplaces, many people have used the public network to create a homegroup and transfer movies or other important files there. In some instances, some malicious Wi-Fi and LAN users have gone ahead to install undefined programs on other people’s computers. That’s exactly how juicejacking works, but on the charging port this time.
Brian Krebs coined the term “juice jacking” in 2011 after a study by the Wall of Sheep showed phone users at a free charging station at DEF CON received a similar message that warned them of a potential breach.
Juice jacking occurs when hackers load malware through USB ports. When you plug into the USB port in your hotel or other public amenities, the hacker could infect your device with malware. Typically, your phone or computer brings options of whether you want to charge the device or to transfer files.
In addition to charging, the USB cable connects the two devices and offers a possible channel for data transfer. Unless you are running on old Operating Systems, data transfer should be disabled by default.
Once installed, the malicious program could take over your device and export or reads your data. This exposes your passwords, messages, and critical information. In the case malware installation, the cybercriminals download malicious code onto your device intending to take over its functions.
The USB connection provides the channel through which the hackers install the code or program. The program could be a Trojan, adware, spyware, ransomware, or cryptominer. It isn’t very easy to tell if your phone has malware, mainly because these programs are hidden out of sight. Phones with the malware installed run out of resources and battery charges faster than usual.
Preventing USB juicejacking attacks is the best way to stay safe. Staying away from all public phone-charging stations could be the best bet. But, that would mean you’d stay disconnected from your work, friends, and family. So, you can correctly use the traditional charging AC sockets instead of the USB varieties.
If you still want to use the USB connection, make sure to have a USB Condom. With a USB defender, you can use the USB port without utilizing the data transfer pins — the cable functions as a charging cable and not a data exchange pipe. You can attach them to your cable, and they will keep you protected.
Protect Yourself With Our USB Defender!
The juicejack USB defender prevents any data accidental or malicious data exchange between your phone and the charging port. With the USB condom, nothing but power is getting into your device. The lightweight data blocker is far smaller than a flash-drive and guarantees you 100% protection. Stay safe at airports, coworking spaces, hotels, or even hospitals by purchasing yours today. Enjoy a 25% discount when you buy your USB Defender today!


You have a few options if you’re looking for mobile Internet on Curacao, with Scarlet and UTS leading the way.
Scarlet Everywhere clients get a WiMAX USB modem, which can be used all across the island. Scarlet offers post-paid and pre-paid packages, with speeds ranging between 256 kbps and 1 Mbps. The wireless broadband has more information about Scarlet Everywhere.
The Scarlet One WiMAX broadband moden can also be considered “mobile”, as you don’t require a telephone line or additional cabling. The modem connects to a power outlet and to your computer or laptop, giving you the option of taking it on the road and using at a different location. You’re not completely mobile, as you’re still dependent on the power outlet, but it’s still offers more flexibility than cable or adsl connections.
Scarlet One is also available in post-paid and pre-paid packages, with speeds ranging between 128 kbps and 1 Mbps. The wireless broadband page has more information about Scarlet One.
Not sure which Scarlet package you should take? Try the plan selector.
UTS was the first company to introduce 3G on Curacao. Their 3G connection currently offers speeds up to 1 Mbps – depending on where you are on the island – but is data only. This means that you won’t be able to make or receive calls if you put the chip in your 3G enabled smartphone. The 3G page has all the information about UTS’ 3G service.


Nowadays nearly everyone has heard of Hewlett-Packard Company, namely HP. But do you know the history of this company? TodayI would like to tell you something about it.
In 1939, HewlettandPackardestablished Hewlett-Packard (HP) in Packard’s garage.HP incorporated on August 18, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957.From the 1940s until well into the 1990s the company concentrated on making electronic test equipment.
In the 1960s, HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley. Instruments and calculators were some of the products usingsemiconductor devices.
In the 1970s, The HP 3000 was an advanced design for a business computing server, later redesigned with RISC technology. HP was on the increase.
In the 1980s, HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for the desktop.HP transitioned from the HP3000 to the HP9000 series minicomputers.
In the 1990s, HP expanded their computer product line to reach consumers.HP bought Apollo Computer in 1989 and Convex Computer in 1995.
In the 2000s, HP officially merged with Compaq.In 2004 HP released the DV 1000 Series. In 2008, HP purchased Electronic Data Systems.In 2009,HPacquired 3Com for $2.7 billion in cash.
In the 2010s, HP acquired Palm in cash and debt. During this period,many problems in HP appeared, and many people were dismissed.
According to HP’s development, we may learn a lot. And you may feel interested in HP laptops. But what I wanted to say is that remember to reset HP Windows 7 password if you forgot HP Windows 7 password.


|car remote signal blocker
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|Author:||brulepetra [ Thu Nov 14, 2019 4:42 am ]|
|Post subject:||car remote signal blocker|
Just by using this car remote signal blocker you can easily block the signals of not only the car remote controllers but also other types of remote controllers as the TV remote controllers, toy remote controllers and son on within its effective working range.Would you like it? Come to jammerall,choose one that suits you!
|Page 1 of 1||All times are UTC - 5 hours|
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Applications to the Design and Optimization of Bioprocesses
This is the second of two volumes that together provide an overview of the latest advances in the generation and application of digital twins in bioprocess design and optimization.
Both processes have undergone significant changes over the past few decades, moving from data-driven approaches into the 21st-century digitalization of the bioprocess industry. Moreover, the high demand for biotechnological products calls for efficient methods during research and development, as well as during tech transfer and routine manufacturing.
In this regard, one promising tool is the use of digital twins, which offer a virtual representation of the bioprocess. They reflect the mechanistics of the biological system and the interactions between process parameters, key performance indicators and product quality attributes in the form of a mathematical process model. Furthermore, digital twins allow us to use computer-aided methods to gain an improved process understanding, to test and plan novel bioprocesses, and to efficiently monitor them.
This book focuses on the application of digital twins in various contexts, e.g. computer-aided experimental design, seed train prediction, and lifeline analysis. Covering fundamentals as well as applications, the two volumes offers the ideal introduction to the topic for researchers in academy and industry alike.


Solar Water Pumping Solution is a fully automatic system designed to provide water at affordable cost for people with limited or no access to electricity. It uses the most advanced SG320/600 variable speed drive to regulate the speed of a 3-phase AC motor depending upon the solar energy available from the solar panel.
Fully automatic system using variable speed drive compatible with AC, 1 /3-phase, submersible and surface mount pumps, and high efficiency PMSM Pumps.
The system is composed of a PV generator, a pump and a solar pump drive. Based on the design philosophy that it is more efficient to store water rather than electricity, there is no energy storing device such as storage battery in the system. The system is prepared to be combined with a elevated water storage, e.g. water tower or an uphill tank installation.
Advantages of SG320/600 solar pump inverter
♢ Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with fast response speed and stable operation
♢ Enable to drive for 1 phase AC pumps or 3 phase AC pumps
♢ Enable to drive for PMSM high speed and high efficiency pumps without motor ID auto tuning
♢ Dry run (under load ) protection, lowest speed auto tuning , Pumps maximum current protection, Minimum power input protection...
♢ The PQ (power/flow) performance curve enables to calculate the flow output from the pump
♢ Dual mode AC and DC power supply input is available
♢ Digital signal of water level sensor and analog signal of water level sensor for water tank fulling detect.
♢ Dedicated hardware design with dual CPU, independent air duct design
♢ Import IGBT module such as Infineon, Fuji,TYCO to ensure good quality
♢ Enhanced lightning protection module
♢ GPRS remote control module for distance monitoring, control, parameters modification, and history data record..
♢ Efficiency is higher than 99.5%, power factory not less than 0.96 for below 15kw inverter.
**Solar pump drive specification when FA-00 set to 1&2 for solar pumping controlling function.
Recommended MPPT voltage range
1S: 80VDC to 400VDC, for 3 phase 65VAC to 220VAC pumps, ( system can work just with 3 panels ) 2S: 150dc to 450vdc, for 3 phase 220vac PM and induction pumps 4T: 250vdc to 900vdc, for 3 phase 380vac to 480vac pumps.
Motor type ( Pumps type)
Control for permanent magnet synchronous motor and asynchronous motor pumps. (PMSM and AM) 1 phase or 3 phase AC pumps
Rated output voltage
3-Phase,110V/160V/220V. 3-phase, 220V/380V/460V
Output frequency range
0~maximum frequency 600Hz. Resolution 0.01 Hz
Ambient temperature range
G-type for submersible pumps, 150% rated current for 60s, 180% rated current for 2s P type for general pumps, 120% rated current for 60s, 150% rated current for 2s
Solar pump control special performance
MPPT ( maximum power point tracking) CVT (constant voltage tracking), auto/manual operation, dry run protection, low stop frequency protection, minimum power input, motor maximum current protection, flow calculating, energy generated calculating and water tank level detected
Phase loss protection, phase short circuit protection, ground to phase circuit protection , input and output short circuit protection. Stall protection
IP20, Air force cooling
MPPT or CVT
Below 1000m; above 1000m, derated 1% for every additional 100m.
StandardAC input backup circuit
CE, Design based on vector control drive S300 and S3200 series, more specification please refer to S300 or S320 vector control drive operation manual
Speficiation when inverter used for general purpose VfD.
Single phase 220V, 3 phase, 220V,380VPower 0.75kw to 37kw.
0: VF control ; 1: Vectorized VF control ; 2：Open loop vector control 1 ; 3: High performance open loop vector control 2
PID Control, Carrier Frequency Adjustable, Current Limiter, Speed Search, Momentary Power Loss Restart,16 Step Speed (Max), 3-Wire connection, Slip Compensation, Frequency Jump, DC braking, Upper/Lower Frequency, Torque control, Compatible for PMSM and IM, built in RS485, counting, fault information checking, fully fault protection function, frequency combination reference.
1. Wiring DC power to R, T terminals of inverter, and check how much Voc (open loop circuit voltage) input by multimeter, or get Voc from d25 monitor parameters before press RUN button, and then set Fc-01=actual Voc.
2. Confirmed the Fa-00=2 (MPPT). This parameters must set for 1 or 2, for 1 phase 110/220VAC pumps, it must set for 1(CVT). otherwise the inverter can't work properly. Please don't connect pumps for trail running first.
3. Set F2-00 to F2-05 motor group parameters as nameplate of pumps. Double check for f2-01, f2-02, f2-02 voltage, frequency and current parameters.
4. Press the RUN button to start inverter when connecting without pump, to check if output frequency, output voltage. The output frequency should be increase from 0 to 50/60hz, and output voltage should be balanced when frequency reach to rated frequency of pumps.
5. Connect exteranl switch between X1 and GND to start inverter if need.
SG600 solar pump inverter setup and wiring:
1. Wiring P+ and P- of DC solar power to R, T terminals, or 1/3 phase cables of AC power supply to R, T ( R, S, T) of inverter.( 1 phase 220VAC AC inupt connect to L, N of inverter).
2. Built a Run/Stop switch S1 to start pumping whensettingP0.02 for 1,that inverterworks in terminals control mode.This inverter can achieve auto start at morning when sun light radiation is good, auto stop when sun set when sunlight radiation is low.
3. Check actual Voc ( open loop circuit voltage) of solar arrays by multi-meter, or monitor U012 parameters that display Voc value in keypad. SetPE-03 with actualVoc value.
4. Confirmed PE-00 if set for 1or 2 for MPPT working in solar pump control model.
Add: 3 FLOOR, BLOCK 8, ST GEORGE INDUSTRIAL PARK, XINYU, ROAD, SHAJING, BAO'AN, SHENZHEN, GUANGDONG, CHINA.


Short with respect to Voice Over Internet Protocol, Voice over ip simply covers any phone call that is made over the computer, rather than via the consumer phone lines. VoIP mobile handsets are actually a superseding type of IP mobile phone, and give an identical service concerning IP devices. The difference amongst the two being IP mobile handsets are able to acquire phone calls anywhere they are in the world, while Voice over ip phones are restricted to the telephone number of phone lines and connection that they can manage at one time. You major big difference is that an IP cellular phone has the capacity to carry several calls as there are phone lines, while a VoIP cellphone only contains a specified number of phone lines that it is designed for.
Because of this restriction, VoIP softphones have been created. These softphones allow people who have broadband internet connections to use their computer to make phone calls, but still employ their own broadband internet connection to deal with calls. Most VoIP softphones will have an adapter that connects those to a router, essentially creating an “ip” address. These “ip numbers” are like the IP includes that you would probably normally locate in an internet network. Every single device joining to the softphone needs to know this IP address, which will it does by simply searching the directory the fact that the softphone company provides.
There are numerous companies in existence that provide information concerning VoIP, including spectrum enterprise. This is actually https://boardroomzone.com/best-mockup-software-for-business/ the company that created the SIP protocol. When you are looking for information on SIP, you’ll probably find a lot for spectrum organization. However , this is an excellent source to get some basic facts. When you want the data that you need, you should look somewhere else.


Openness is not only a characteristic property, for you it is a decisive quality feature. You can dock on- and offline analytical devices, third-party systems, databanks and control systems with your plant by means of interfaces.
- DP-DP interface: Profibus DP-DP interfaces are used for the integration of time and process-critical real-time or handshake signals from customer-specific third-party systems, such as centrifuges, CIP, WFI, and media dosing.
- SQL interface: The SQL interface is a simple yet proven interface for provision of data to MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems), EBR (Electronic Batch Record Systems) or for ERP systems, or for reading in data from third-party systems (e.g. offline analyses).
- OPC interface: The OPC interface is a widely used standard in the automation industry and is supported by BioSCADA. It is used for the integration of standardized third-party systems, such as Analyzer.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has become more than a vision. It is rapidly becoming a reality as more organisations put in place sensor-enabled devices and intelligent systems that connect things with people and processes—to help drive efficiencies and unlock new opportunities.
As the IoT reality takes shape, organisations of all sizes are automating processes, streamlining work, boosting productivity, enhancing customer engagement, getting ahead of inventory issues, proactively maintaining assets, and more.
You predictive maintenance might be constrained if the employees must rely on measurements that are not precise, if the batteries in measuring equipment fail, or if data communications are limited. Today, such constraints are being overcome. New predictive sensors and data analysis software is simplifying condition monitoring and streamlining the process of predictive maintenance.
Companies are using predictive sensors to detect when a critical piece of machinery is close to failing. The small wireless sensors directly monitor the machine. Data generated indicates whether the bearing is about to fail and predicts how long it will last before failure.
The sensors are used to detect impending failure significantly earlier than conventional predictive maintenance programs. The sensors use low-energy Bluetooth and state of art industry 4.0 technology.
The sensor technology is critical because it is small enough and doesn’t interfere with the performance of the bearing itself. The sensors also have the potential for applications in harsh manufacturing environments as well as transportation, distribution and warehouse fleet management.
Battery maintenance can be costly and difficult when condition-monitoring sensors are installed in confined spaces or at remote locations. Replacing old battery-powered sensors with Sensor-Works sensors can eliminate substantial battery and maintenance labour costs and the risk of communication gaps caused by dead batteries.
Data aggregation and analysis
Equipment condition data generated by sensors and other sources is most useful if it can be easily aggregated, analysed and logged. Sensor-Works provide a system that collects and analyses real-time diagnostics from any plant production asset – for example sensors, actuators, motors, dryers and compressors. It captures data originating from an array of sources, including intelligent instrumentation, fluid and vibration analysis, advanced process control and loop tuning software. It then triggers the necessary maintenance, operations or engineering actions based on rules, conditions and customer-defined algorithms and models.
Sensors are decreasing in cost, and increasing in functionality. They are becoming more accurate, more reliable, and easier to install. Modern sensing technology makes it possible to continuously monitor the health of these assets and inform plant personnel when—or even before—problems arise.
Find out more at http://sensor-works.com


|Authors||Mohammad Ali Taheri, Sara Torabi, Noushin Nabavi, Fatemeh Modarresi-Asem, Majid Abbasi Sisara, Ali Rezaei ; Parisa Maftoun, Farid Semsarha|
|Publication date||30 June 2021|
Task fMRI has played a critical role in recognizing the specific functions of the different regions of human brain during various cognitive activities. This study aimed to investigate group analysis and functional connectivity in the Fara-therapists brain during the Faradarmani CF (FCF) connection. Using task functional MRI (task-fMRI), we attempted the identification of different activated and deactivated brain regions during the Consciousness Filed connection. Clusters that showed significant differences in peak intensity between task and rest group were selected as seeds for seed-voxel analysis. Connectivity of group differences in functional connectivity analysis was determined following each activation and deactivation network. In this study, we report the fMRI-based representation of the FCF connection at the human brain level. The group analysis of FCF connection task revealed activation of frontal lobe (BA6/BA10/BA11). Moreover, seed based functional connectivity analysis showed decreased connectivity within activated clusters and posterior Cingulate Gyrus (BA31). Moreover, we observed an increased connectivity within deactivated clusters and frontal lobe (BA11/BA47) during the FCF connection. Activation clusters as well as the increased and decreased connectivity between different regions of the brain during the FCF connection, firstly, validates the significant effect of the FCF and secondly, indicates a distinctive pattern of connection with this non-material and non-energetic field, in the brain.
Keywords: Faradarmani Consciousness Field; functional connectivity; task fMRI