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- 36.3 megapixel FX-format (full-frame) CMOS sensor with high signal-to-noise ratio, wide dynamic range and 12-channel readout.
- ISO 100–6400: extendable up to 25,600 (equivalent) and down to 50 (equivalent).
- 4 fps consecutive shooting in FX/5: 4 crop modes. 5 fps in 1.2x/DX crop modes.
- Multi-area D-Movie records FX- and DX-format Full HD (1080p) movies in 30p, 25p and 24p. Max recording time approx. 29 minutes 59 seconds. Offers uncompressed HDMI output to external devices and high-fidelity audio control.
- Multi-CAM3500FX 51-point AF system: individually selectable or configurable in 9-point, 21-point and 51-point coverage settings. Sensitive down to -2 EV (ISO 100, 20°C/68°F).
- EXPEED 3 image processing engine with 14-bit A/D conversion and 16-bit image processing for superb tonal gradation.
- 8 cm (3.2-in.), 921k-dot LCD monitor with auto brightness control anti-reflective, with wide color reproduction.
- 3D Color Matrix Metering III: 91k pixel AE AF sensor with full-time face recognition.
- 100% viewfinder coverage and three Crop Modes: 5:4, 1.2x and DX-format, with viewfinder masking.
- Quiet shooting mode: perfect for discreet photography, the sound of the camera’s mirror return mechanism is noticeably reduced.
- Highly accurate and durable shutter unit: standard rating of 200,000 cycles, with a maximum shutter speed of 1/8,000 sec and flash synchronization at up to 1/250 sec.
- Storage media: CF and SD card slots.
- Built-in i-TTL Speedlight: GN / guide number approx. 12, 24mm lens coverage.
- Durable Magnesium alloy body: moisture and dust resistant.
- Wireless LAN and Ethernet support via optional Wireless Transmitter WT-4.
Nikon FX-format CMOS sensor with 36.3 effective megapixels
Enlarge images as big as A1 poster-sized prints (59.4 x 84.1 cm/23.4 x 33.1 in.) at 200 dpi, or crop aggressively to reach the composition you desire, all without sacrificing the detail and tonal range of the original. In order to maintain clean, high-resolution images, 14-bit A/D conversion within the sensor and a high signal-to-noise ratio deliver phenomenal images in a diverse array of situations. The image sensor's incredible potential does not stop with photography, either. For cinematographers ready to put their exceptionally sharp NIKKOR lenses into action, the D800's 36.3 effective megapixel data is efficiently processed for exquisite 1080p broadcast quality video at 30p.
Standard ISO 100 to ISO 6400, range expandable to ISO 50 to 25600 equivalent
High-resolution, studio-quality images shouldn't be restricted to the studio. The D800 set a new benchmark for high-resolution D-SLR cameras, with crisp clean images across a wide ISO range. Flexibility like this opens up new imaging opportunities for both still photographers and cinematographers alike during the "magic hour", the time just before dawn or at dusk when available light is often beautiful but scarce. Even at high ISO settings, the camera's intelligent noise reduction systems manage noise without sacrificing fine details, giving the D800 the edge. The difference can even be seen in low-contrast subjects such as hair and grass textures, which are often essential elements of cinema as well as high-resolution portraits and landscape images. High image quality at higher ISOs also means that you can shoot still images handheld more confidently, knowing that fast shutter speeds will reduce blur.
A strategic approach to turn light to your advantage
Combining both high-resolution performance and a wide ISO sensitivity range has finally become a reality. Nikon engineers have developed intelligent new methods to manipulate light transmission to the sensor's photodiodes: from the optical low-pass filter and on-chip gapless micro lenses to the image sensor's internal design, every measure has been taken to maximize and improve light transmission in order to deliver crisp, brilliant images with significantly less noise. All this is possible under a wide variety of lighting conditions, enabling you to get the most out of your NIKKOR lenses.
Optical low-pass filter optimized for sharpness on the D800
Reducing false colour and moiré is the main job of the optical low-pass filter located in front of the image sensor. However, this benefit is generally gained with a small sacrifice of sharpness. Moiré occurs in scenes containing repetitive details, such as strong vertical lines in architecture. Finding the right balance between benefits and sacrifices is the key to higher image quality, and that is what the D800's optical low-pass filter delivers. As a result, the astounding 36.3 megapixels unleash their potential through an optimized balance between sharpness and effectively prevented moiré and false colour. Furthermore, the multi-layer structure of the D800 low-pass filter utilizes layers of antireflective coating that have been optimized for the camera, contributing to sharper and clearer images.
The ultimate attention to detail — the D800E
Nikon engineers have developed a unique alternative for those seeking the ultimate in definition. The D800E incorporates an optical filter with all the anti-aliasing properties removed in order to facilitate the sharpest images possible.This is an ideal tool for photographers who can control light, distance and their subjects to the degree where they can mitigate the occurrence of moiré. Aside from the optical filter, all functions and features are the same as on the D800.
Note: The D800E carries an increased possibility that moiré and false colour will appear, compared to the D800. IR cut and antireflective coating properties of the optical filter remain the same with both versions.
Nikon Integrated Dust Reduction System that includes an Image Sensor Cleaning function
Any dust that reaches the image sensor results in unattractive spots on your images. To prevent this, the D800 employ Nikon's Integrated Dust Reduction System, which includes a self-cleaning sensor unit with four different resonance frequencies to vibrate the optical low-pass filter and shake dust away from the sensor. This function can be set to operate automatically when the camera is turned on or off, or to manual.
EXPEED 3 image-processing engine: speed, versatility, and high performance
High-megapixel still images are detail-rich but data-heavy. With the D800, however, you don't have to sacrifice speed for this privilege. Dedicated to understanding speed and its role in image making, Nikon engineers designed a powerful EXPEED 3 image-processing engine exclusively for digital SLRs. From image processing and card recording to image playback and image transfer, EXPEED 3 manages massive amounts of data at faster speeds than EXPEED 2. Even with specialized processing features like Active D-Lighting and high ISO noise reduction, capture speed is not affected. EXPEED 3 is so powerful that it handles data-intensive tasks such as Full HD video recording at 30p with ease. You'll also notice the difference in your still images and videos through minimized noise and even richer colours and tones. In addition to these fundamental advantages, the D800 reduce the kind of colour phase shift that some cameras have difficulty with in similar situations.
14-bit A/D conversion and 16-bit image processing for rich tones and natural colours
Tonal gradation is where an image transforms from simply representing life to taking on a life of its own. The D800 do exactly that, with cutting-edge image processing that injects vital energy into your images. Black is rendered as pitch black, and shadow details are subtle and rich. Even under harsh, high-contrast light, where some cameras can fail, the D800's gradation remains smooth with abundant detail and tone all the way up the scale to pure white.
Lateral chromatic aberration reduction: Take full advantage of your NIKKOR lens collection
High-megapixel sensors can really test the quality of your lenses, but you can be confident that the combination of brilliant NIKKOR lenses and Nikon's intelligent processing measures will significantly reduce lateral chromatic aberration to give you incredibly natural-looking results. Unlike other correction methods that simply eliminate chromatic aberration, Nikon's method compensates for these colour differences in a resolving index for each colour, making it particularly effective in producing images with stunning edge-to-edge sharpness. Moreover, because these corrections are made regardless of the NIKKOR lens used, this feature contributes substantially to achieving the sharpest images possible.
Advanced Scene Recognition System with 91K-pixel RGB sensor
Nikon's revolutionary Advanced Scene Recognition System, introduced with the flagship D4 camera, is also employed in the D800. At its core is a 91K-pixel RGB sensor that meticulously analyzes each scene with the fine resolution. The RGB sensor can recognize your scene's colours and brightness with unprecedented precision, then use that information to implement various automatic controls and give you more natural-looking results. The real breakthrough, however, is that the sensor can detect human faces with startling accuracy when shooting through the optical viewfinder. Along with face detection, detailed scene analysis is utilized to support more accurate autofocus, auto exposure and i-TTL flash exposure results in a diverse range of compositional and lighting situations. The improved subject tracking is most noticeable when using 3D-tracking, which can maintain a focus on moving subjects smaller in size than with previous generations.
More accurate face detection in auto-area AF and subject tracking in 3D-tracking
Auto-area AF and 3D-tracking are AF-area modes unique to Nikon that use your subject's colour and brightness information to detect focus. With the D800 and their more precise information and subject recognition advancements, expect big steps forward for both AF-area modes when taking high-quality still images. In auto-area AF, the camera can genuinely detect human faces and focuses on them immediately — useful when faces are a priority and there's no time to choose focus points. When using 3D-tracking, the sensor's fine resolution combines with a specifically optimized AF algorithm to realize unprecedented subject tracking precision, recognizing detailed patterns to keep your subject in sharp focus.
3D colour matrix metering III
Professional photographers who shoot still images know that Nikon's metering system delivers supremely well-balanced exposures. Thanks to the 91K-pixel RGB sensor, the D800 have far more detailed scene information at its disposal — including detected face information. This data helps the 3D colour matrix metering III deliver more desirable auto exposures, especially when there are human faces present. When the D800 detect a human face in a backlit situation, the camera determines the overall exposure while prioritizing the facial exposure, which might otherwise be underexposed. When a face is lit from the front and appears much brighter than the background, the camera recognizes the situation and avoids blowing out the facial details.
More balanced results in i-TTL balanced fill-flash and Active D-Lighting
Nikon's i-TTL system has long been considered the most accurate flash control system in photography, but now face detection and highlight analysis by the 91K-pixel RGB sensor pushes performance even further. With the D800's enhanced i-TTL balanced fill-flash, you can more precisely illuminate people's faces in relation to their surrounding brightness using either the built-in flash or an external hot-shoed Nikon Speedlight. For weddings and fashion shoots, or any photography that relies on the highest-quality still images, this new standard redefines what a flash system should be. Face detection also makes a difference when Active D-Lighting is used to retain highlights and shadows in high-contrast lighting situations. Faces will be optimally exposed both in the sun and in the shade.
Light source identification for auto white balance in still images
The D800's auto white balance is incredibly accurate in a diverse range of shooting situations, aided by unique Nikon technology that effectively identifies your light sources, both natural and artificial. With the 91K-pixel RGB sensor and the image sensor working together, the camera renders white as white with supreme accuracy. Or if you prefer, the auto white balance can be set to reflect the warmth of ambient, incandescent lighting.
Contribution to D-Movie shooting
The D800's Advanced Scene Recognition System enhances not only still image shooting but also various controls used in movie shooting. It identifies light sources and human faces finely, utilizing the high resolution of the image sensor to deliver accurate auto white balance and exposure control during movie shooting, and improves the precision of subject-tracking AF. Furthermore, it automatically detects flicker effects, and controls the exposure to reduce them.
Direct access to Picture Control that enables quick setting
Customize the look of your stills and videos through Picture Controls by fine-tuning parameters such as sharpening, saturation, and hue. The D800 now allow you to access Picture Control instantly and directly from a dedicated button rather than entering the menu. When live view shooting, you can visually confirm how customized Picture Control settings will look and easily adjust the parameters.
D-Movie shooting functions
Full HD video quality and minimized rolling shutter effect: Dynamic movie shooting in diverse lighting situations
Many filmmakers, multimedia professionals and still photographers need the highly mobile, lightweight and compact form of a D-SLR in order to cover large events or make documentaries, music videos or movies. For these professionals, the D800 are ready to create true cinematic experiences. By using the B frame data compression method, you can record 1080p Full HD video at 30p in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC format with unmatched moving image integrity for up to approx. 29 min. 59 s* of recording in a single clip. Thanks to Nikon's latest image-processing optimizations, the monumental power of 36.3 megapixels transforms to sharp, exquisitely rendered videos. Expect exceptionally smooth gradation in blue skies, with minimum block noise and beautifully natural movement rendered clearly and sharply. The D800's intelligent image sensor reads out movie images at faster rates than ever, significantly reducing the rolling shutter distortion that can occur during panning shots or when shooting fast-moving lateral subjects like trains. Thanks to EXPEED 3, your movies will take on a distinctive look of their own, even with dimly lit scenes. Combine these benefits and you'll begin to realize exactly the new creative opportunities possible for photographers and cinematographers alike. *Maximum recording time varies according to frame rate, frame size and image quality settings. Maximum recording time for time-lapse photography is 20 min.
Multi-area mode Full HD D-Movie: Creative movie-making freedom in FX- and DX-based formats
The D800 are designed to stimulate cinematographers to explore different moods and perspectives by enabling Full HD and HD video recording in two frame formats; Nikon FX- and DX-based movie formats in just one camera. When using wide-aperture NIKKOR lenses, the large image area of the FX-based format* renders exquisitely shallow depth of field with beautiful bokeh effects. The DX-based format uses an image area similar to 35mm movie film, allowing cinematographers to shoot with picture angles that they are accustomed to. Having the advantage of two D-Movie formats in one camera and an arsenal of NIKKOR lenses makes the D800 an incredibly versatile movie-making tool. *The aspect ratio of movies is 16:9 whichever format is selected. Also, in the FX-based movie format, the width of the image area is approx. 91% of that in the still image FX format.
Smoother video recording under fluorescent or mercury lamps: Auto flicker reduction
With the D800, it is easier than ever to reduce flicker effects during live view and video recording. Simply use auto in the flicker reduction menu to automatically identify the flicker frequency at the beginning of live view and switch to the one that will work best. You can also manually switch between 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
Comprehensive high-fidelity audio recording control
The D800 are designed for crisp stereo recording with a built-in external stereo microphone input. Attach the compact ME-1 Stereo Microphone to record clear sound while significantly reducing mechanical noise. An external headphone jack enables you to effectively monitor and control audio in isolation. While the audio level indicators offer visual confirmation of audio level, the microphone sensitivity can be controlled precisely in 20 incremental steps.
View simultaneous live view output on external monitors and record uncompressed video via HDMI
During movie shooting, you can now simultaneously check videos on an external monitor* using an HDMI connection, in addition to the camera's TFT monitor. And for those who need the purest video output for professional quality editing, you can now record uncompressed movie live view footage directly to an external storage device via HDMI interface. *When video is output through HDMI interface simultaneously with recording to a CF/SD card, output image through HDMI interface will be smaller than 1,280 x 720.
Capture a variety of scenes and subjects at a breathtaking pace. The D800's time-lapse photography lets you set intervals and frame rates in order to dramatically relay slow-moving activity at dramatic speeds. The D800 allow you to shoot time-lapse photography with replaying rates from 24 times to 36,000 times faster than normal. Time-lapse photography files can be saved as a movie file.Note: Movie files of time-lapse photography will be saved in 16:9 aspect ratio. It is recommended to confirm image area in movie live view before starting time-lapse photography.
Versatile custom settings for D-Movie
The D800 have addressed useful feedback from videographers with convenient custom controls for D-Movie operation. Instead of rotating the command dial, power aperture enables smoother aperture controls during movie live view using a button designated via custom menu, which can be very convenient to confirm depth of field. Index marking helps you locate important frames for later-stage in-camera editing and replay by attaching markers during movie recording. Markings are indicated along with the progress bar, which is easy to confirm visually.
Still image shooting functions
Advanced Multi-CAM 3500FX autofocus sensor module for razor-sharp detection in low light
Accurate AF detection is crucial for extremely high-resolution still images in every situation. The 51 sensor points in the D800’s AF sensor module work down to -2 EV (ISO 100, 20°C/68°F), the approximate physical limit of human visibility through an optical viewfinder. For even more powerful detection, you can rely on the camera’s 15 crosstype sensors in the center to detect both vertical and horizontal lines when using any AF NIKKOR lenses of f/5.6 or faster. What’s more, AF can be activated with eleven focus points in the center with open aperture of f/8*, which is a big plus when you combine a telephoto lens with a 2.0x teleconverter to shoot distant subjects. *Cross-type sensor is limited to the center AF point only. AF may not be achieved in lowcontrast or low-light conditions.
Versatile AF-area modes
Whether it's a still life, a portrait, a landscape or a candid street scene, your subject matter varies, but its importance doesn't. That's why the D800 offer four AF-area modes, each specifically tailored to adapt to various subjects. Single-point AF is ideal when you need pinpoint focus on stationary subjects. Dynamic-area AF has three options (9-point, 21-point and 51-point) and is ideal for shooting moving subjects. The selected AF point and the surrounding points keep your subject in sharp focus even if it briefly leaves the selected points. 3D-tracking allows you to maintain focus on subjects that are moving erratically from side to side. Auto-area AF detects human faces and prioritizes their sharpness for you — an ideal choice for candid photography.
Choosing AF mode and AF-area mode combinations
Control your desired AF mode (continuous or single servo) and AF-area mode (single-point, dynamic-area, 3D-tracking or auto-area AF) without ever taking your eye away from the viewfinder. By using a dedicated AF-mode button and command dials, you can switch between modes without interrupting your creative flow.
Glass prism optical viewfinder with approximately 100% frame coverage
See every important element in your frame clearly and precisely. The D800 offer approx. 100% frame coverage (in FX format) from its slim pentaprism, giving you the visually comfortable FX-format advantage and an unobstructed view when shooting still images. The viewfinder image is not only large and bright — the focusing screen is also carefully designed to help you sense sharp focus intuitively, be it manual or autofocus.
High-precision, high-durability shutter
The D800's shutter unit has been tested to well over 200,000 cycles of release to prove durability and precision. While the shutter unit designed to run at a speed range of 1/8,000 to 30 s, its intelligent self-diagnostic shutter monitor automatically monitors actual shutter speeds in order to correct possible variances that can occur over time.
High-precision sequential control mechanism
For true digital SLR excellence, the camera's mechanical structure, power and precision are vital to ensure indispensable speed and reliability. That's why Nikon utilized its engineering expertise to refine the powerful sequential control mechanism that drives the shutter, mirror, and aperture independently. As a result, shutter release can be operated with mirror-up position during live view. Because mirror-down movement is not required, you can expect even quieter still live view shooting. And as power aperture control operates via the stepping motor, the sound of mechanical adjustment is reduced for quieter and smoother control.
Active D-Lighting that reproduces brightness as you see it
Active D-Lighting preserves details in both highlights and shadowy areas of high-contrast scenes. colour reproduction is improved thanks to the image-processing engine EXPEED 3, and exposure control considering face brightness is achieved by the enhanced face detection performance of Advanced Scene Recognition System.
Expand dynamic range: HDR (High Dynamic Range)
The D800 can shoot two frames in a single shutter release, but at different exposures: one overexposed and one underexposed. The camera then instantly combines them to create an image covering a wider dynamic range. The range can be widened by up to 3 EV for different looks, all full of saturation and tonal gradation, while the smoothness of the edge where the two exposures meet can be adjusted for a more natural appearance.
Note: Tripod use is recommended.
Fast response time
The D800 are designed to respond immediately. Once the strategically located switch is turned on, the camera starts up in approx. 0.12 seconds* and your finger is in position for shutter release. Release time lag is minimized to approx. 0.042 seconds*, equivalent to that of the D3S, with continuous approx. 4 fps capability in FX format, approx. 5 fps in 1.2x and DX format and approx. 6 fps capability in DX format** with MB-D12.
*Based on CIPA Guidelines.
**When used together with batteries other than EN-EL15.
Shoot achieving reduced blur with zoom lenses in dim light: Auto shutter speed control for auto ISO sensitivity control
The D800 come equipped with an auto option for minimum shutter speed that automatically controls the balance between shutter speed and the ISO sensitivity based on the focal length of the lens being used. This can be particularly useful when using a zoom lens, because the camera can automatically choose the shutter speed to reduce camera shake. What's more, through the operation of ISO button and sub-command dial, auto ISO sensitivity control can be immediately turned on or off, without needing to enter the menu.
Shoot with multiple formats in one camera: Image area options
The D800 offer four image area options: FX format (35.9 x 24.0 mm), 5:4 (30.0 x 24.0 mm), 1.2x (30.0 x 19.9 mm), and DX format (23.4 x 15.6 mm) with all cropped image areas visually masked in the viewfinder. DX format offers approx. 1.5x, and 1.2x crop offers approx.1.2x telephoto effect. When a DX NIKKOR lens is used, DX format is automatically selected.
Get studio quality lighting virtually anywhere
Fast, versatile and portable, with Nikon Speedlights in your hands, your lighting possibilities are endless. The difference is a level of accuracy and flexibility that only the Nikon Creative Lighting System delivers. Its advantages are best experienced via Advanced Wireless Lighting. Using high-precision i-TTL flash control with strategic, intuitive operations, you can make lighting as powerful and comprehensive as your imagination can take it. Whether you shoot in the studio or in far-flung locations, there is a Nikon Speedlight solution to inspire your creativity.
Unparalleled lighting performance — SB-910 Speedlight
Nikon's SB-910 offers versatile i-TTL for on-camera or wireless flash control, a refined operability and a powerful guide number of 34/111.5 (ISO 100, m/ft, STD, FX format with zoom head set at 35mm). The SB-910's menus and controls have been improved for more operational ease. When a hard-type incandescent or fluorescent colour filter is attached, the SB-910 detects it and adjusts white balance instantly.
Capture NX 2 (optional): Optimal for processing images taken with the D800
To accommodate the imaging power of the D800's 36.3 effective megapixels, the latest Capture NX 2 now features powerful 64-bit processing. Capture NX 2 drastically simplifies an array of image enhancement procedures, letting you concentrate on making your pictures the best they can be. Instead of complicated layering and memorization, simply place a colour Control Point wherever you want to reprocess. colour Control Points use intuitive slider controls to make quick and easy adjustments to image characteristics such as brightness, contrast, saturation and tones. Change, adjust and experiment all you like, safe in the knowledge that all changes are non-destructive and an original always remains intact.


Flexible modules offer benefits over traditional crystalline silicon rigid modules for flat rooftop applications. The longer thin film modules cover more area per module at a fraction of the weight. Additionally, flexible modules can be placed directly on the roof, eliminating the need for mounting racks, structural reinforcement and penetration. This design dramatically reduces installation material and labor costs. So despite, not quite reaching the efficiencies of wafer-based crystalline silicon cells per square inch, they can often offer better paybacks, or enable solar installations in places that can’t handle glass panels, such as light weight roofs, high wind areas, curved surfaces, etc.
The flexible design must have some backbone and be rigid enough to protect the PV cells from damage, the thin film technology can break if folded or bent at too sharp an angle. To support the thin film module foil can be laminated into the module construction. This allows the module the desired amount of flexibility but also provides enough rigidly to protect the photovoltaic cells, typically copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), from mechanical damage.
Although foil adds structural support to flexible modules, there are other means to meet that requirement without the cost and material handling complexities of foil substrates. However, another issue with CIGS PV technology is its moisture sensitivity. Traditional rigid solar modules typically allow ~3g/m2 per day moisture transmission without affecting the module performance. Thin film modules, on the other hand, require a near 100% moisture barrier.
The foil laminate meets the requirements for moisture barrier and structural support, making it among the most advantageous substrates for flexible PV applications.


Apollo – Easy and Intiutive In-Vivo dosimetry
Apollo is an In-Vivo Dosimetry System that grows with your needs. It is very easy to install, calibrate and use as a stand-alone system due to its intuitive design and function.
As your requirements increase you can use the digital communication to integrate it with your verification system or with dedicated software to get automatic acquisition and recording of the patient dose data.
Apollo is available in two verions: Apollo 10 with ten channels and Apollo 5 with five channels.
The Apollo detectors are designed with ease of use, safety and accuracy in mind.
There are four standard detector versions with internal build-up from 5 to 30 mm and the build-up thickness is indicated by the colour of the detector.
The detector is very robust and can be cleaned with conventional disinfectants.
The Apollo system can be enhanced with two different phantoms.
- A calibration phantom for easy calibration setup
- A Quality Assurance phantom for easy accelerator QA and double use of the Apollo system that gives essentially the same functionality as the Hermes 5
Apollo Ceiling Mount Detector Terminals – Easy and Practical!
The Apollo Helix Ceiling mount give a practical and easy way to handle the In-vivo detectors and cables.
The detectors are always easily available and can equally easy be put away until needed next time.
You avoid cables on the floor and separate trolleys for “cable free” radio controlled base stations.


Task: Enable networking between the two via a network cable so that development can commence!
1. Plug cable in, notice that network is non existent.
2. Install needed software on server.
sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon avahi-autoipd
3. Modify /etc/network/interface file. Change or add a section like this:
auto eth0(The ipv4ll is the magic bit.)
iface eth0 inet ipv4ll
4. Restart networking.
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
5. Ping yourserver.local from your workstation.
Response: Voila, networking is now working.


Activating a Ticto wearable
A Ticto wearable can be activated in one of two ways: through a mobile phone based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or automatically through fixed BLE infrastructure. When using a mobile phone the user simply selects the sensitive area he/she wants to enter in the Ticto App. If the user is authorized to be present the Tictogram for that area is being activated. When using BLE infrastructure, a BLE gateway will detect the Ticto wearable and activate the Tictogram if authorized.
Deactivating a Ticto wearable
The user can deactivate his/her Ticto wearable using the Ticto App on the mobile phone. The Tictogram may also expire automatically. If presence in a certain area is allowed until 11pm, then the Ticto wearable will stop showing the associated Tictogram at that time. When using BLE infrastructure additional parameters can be set to deactivate Ticto wearables automatically.


Can a Virtual Chef Cook Your Next High-End Meal?
Startup CloudChef is creating digital records of the world’s best chefs in order to recreate their elaborate meals in remote kitchens around the globe. The company has built software to monitor and track the science behind building a recipe. Sensors record the temperature of proteins, moisture levels, cooking time and more, and then upload that data to a digital cloud. The software is then connected to appliances through an application programming interface (API) and hands off the proper instructions for cooking. While the aim is to take the cooking process fully digital, much of the physical labor, like moving materials and plating, must be conducted by workers who are given specific commands to fulfill. The company has two kitchens that have already served over 50,000 CloudChef meals. The brand hopes to eventually bring CloudChef-powered kitchens to homes, but for now the focus is on capturing as many chef-made recipes as possible.
CloudChef isn’t just pioneering the future of cooking through digital technology, but also the future of foodie culture. No longer do you need to travel to London for a taste of beef Wellington the way chef Gordon Ramsay prepares it—just download the recipe and let CloudChef handle the rest as you play sous chef. While it may not replicate the full fine-dining experience, it’s a new way for foodies to enjoy gourmet meals from the comfort of their homes.


Motion Sensor LED Light
Add safety and light up every dark corner with this Wireless Motion Sensor Light. The bright bulbs provide just the touch of cold or warm light you’ll need to brighten up areas of your house or office.
Slim Design & Next-Gen Technology
The special modern and slim design makes this light look inconspicuous but pleasant in any place. With the high quality aluminum body, it ensures safe use indoors and prevents you from stumbling in the dark.
Energy Saving LED & Rechargeable
Comes with built-in 380/480 mAh rechargeable battery - no need for AAA batteries. You can simply charge the lights using the USB cable. Environmentally friendly and energy-saving charging method helps you to save a lot of cost on battery replacement. After fully charged in 2 hours (Green light), it can be used for approximately 20 days in motion detecting mode.
Easy To Install & Remove
Two ways install easily without drilling!
1. The Wireless Motion Sensor Light can be attached to any metallic surface or other suitable place thanks to the magnetic back.
2. Peel off the adhesive tape from the included magnetic holders to stick on any flat surface to place the light wherever you want to.
Easy to remove to change place or charge!
Motion & Night Sensor
The lights have 2 working modes: Motion Sensor Mode and Always-On Mode.
With the integrated passive infrared sensor, they can automatically detect motion in the dark within 10ft and 120° and then automatically turn on and shut down after about 25 seconds after no motion is detected.
You can switch between both working modes by pressing the button on the light.
Perfect for the bedroom, closet, cabinet, workshop, garage, stairwell, hallway, storage room, nursery etc.
Better Light, Better Life!
Through our tests and production optimization, we are convinced that our Cozy Thick Bath Mat is the last bathmat in your life!
However, if you are not satisfied with the goods you have received, we guarantee you a 30 Day hassle-free return.
Our customers and we are convinced that you too will be absolutely delighted with our brand!
- Energy Saving
- USB Rechargeable
- Not Waterproof
- 6" (10 LED) 380 mAh battery
8" (14 LED) 450 mAh battery
- Made Of Aluminum
- Power Supply - USB


Compatible with the PlayStation 3 game console;
Hours of comfortable game play with ergonomically designed grip
Adopts Bluetooth technology for wireless game play
The wireless controller for the PlayStation 3 system provides the most intuitive game play experience with pressure sensors in each action button and the inclusion of the highly sensitive motion sensor technology. With now the Vibration effect, each hit, crash and explosion is more realistic when the user feels the rumble right in the palm of their hand. It can even detect natural movements for real-time and high precision interactive play, acting as a natural extension of the user's body.
- L2 and R2 analog trigger buttons, Third party products;
- Features Bluetooth technology for wireless game play;
- It can be charged by USB cable, but can't work with playstation wireless charge;
- Kindly remind: Please charge this controller fully before use, so as to avoid power shortage in use.


Welcome to the Stellar Hood Project. The first interactive, fully onchain programmed and executed next gen Cardano NFT.
The first of its kind
Stellar Hood NFT is a fully interactive Cardano NFT! Click, grab, zoom and rotate your solar system. Select celestial objects to get detailed information. Don't miss the fullscreen button!
Stellar Hood is the first ever truely on-chain NFT! Everything from the thumbnail to the interactive NFT application is placed fully on the Cardano blockchain. There is no external storage like webserver or IPFS. This is the only NFT that can never go offline!
Not only the Stellar Hood NFT application is fully stored on blockchain, it is also executed directly on blockchain!
See and study the celestial bodies around our Solar System, our Stellar Hood! Every single Stellar Hood NFT of the total 6505 is based on real astronomical data. Measured astrophysical properties of the stars and planets were used to create the NFTs. No thousands and thousands of random generated NFTs but only the real determined celestial bodies.


New project seminar: students develop prototypes for medical innovations
The Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, in collaboration with other participants from the Research Campus STIMULATE, is offering a new project seminar entitled "Medical Innovations" from the coming summer semester, which is aimed at students on the "Medical Technology" Bachelor's degree course. In this seminar, participants will work in groups to develop prototypes for biomedical applications using an Arduino and a variety of sensors.
The "Medical Innovations" project seminar offers students the opportunity to put their theoretical knowledge of medical technology into practice and develop innovative solutions for medical challenges. The use of Arduinos and sensors offers students almost unlimited possibilities to realize prototypes for a wide range of biomedical applications. The applications that can be developed as part of the project seminar are diverse and range from the development of an ECG for athletes to non-invasive heart rate measurement using radar waves and EEG control of everyday objects. Other examples include the development of miniature gadgets for monitoring blood pressure and much more.
We are pleased to offer our students this exciting opportunity to gain practical experience while contributing to the development of innovative medical technologies. The 'Medical Innovations' project seminar will allow students to be creative and develop real solutions to problems in the medical field while preparing them for the demands of the job market and encouraging them to actively participate in shaping the future of medical technology.
Text and Image: Research Campus STIMULATE


The Erosion of Continents as a Creationist Clock
By Kevin Mellem
Creationists and scientists have been debating for years about the age of the Earth and the universe. In this debate, the apparent decay of the Earth's magnetic field has been used by young-Earth creationists as evidence that the world is only thousands of years old, while scientists maintain that the cyclic nature of the magnetic field renders any age produced by magnetic field decay theory to be invalid. Careful analysis of both the creationist's and scientist's theories can provide a clearer picture of who is correct in this long-running debate.
The creationist argument is based on a theory that was proposed by Dr. Thomas Barnes in 1971 (Humphreys 1993). Using data obtained by Keith McDonald and Robert Gunst in 1967, Dr. Barnes asserted that Earth's magnetic field has been decaying in a non-cyclic manner at an exponential rate since the beginning of creation (Matson 2002). Barnes used the data of McDonald and Gunst to plot an exponential curve and, by extrapolating the observed data backward into time using his exponential decay equation, Barnes claimed that the magnetic field was approximately 40 percent stronger in 1000 A.D. than it is today (Sarfati 1998). Continuing this extrapolation, Barnes stated that the Earth must not be older than 10,000 years, or else the strength of the magnetic field would have been so large that it would have melted the Earth (Sarfati 1998).
Unfortunately for Dr. Barnes, observed scientific evidence has shown that Earth's magnetic field has not been decaying constantly since the dawn of creation. In fact, the magnetic field has fluctuated and reversed in polarity over time, proven by evidence of periods of increasing and decreasing field energy (Sarfati 1998). Due to this cyclic fluctuation, scientists have argued that the strength of the magnetic field cannot be used to determine an age for the earth, since it is a reversible, cyclic process (Stassin 2005). However, creationists have offered a solution to this potential problem. Dr. Russell Humphreys, a nuclear physicist, looks to the Genesis flood as the cause of the fluctuations in the magnetic field. Utilizing a creationist theory that the Genesis Flood was caused by the plunging of tectonic plates toward the Earth's core, Dr. Humphreys claims that the tectonic plates would have caused a sudden cooling of the outer parts of the Earth's core (Sarfati 1998). This sudden cooling would cause convection currents to flow within the core, which would generate numerous reversals of the magnetic field over the course of thousands of years (Humphreys 1993). These field reversals would have happened rapidly at the time of the Flood, according to Humphreys, leading to an increase in the intensity (strength and direction) of the magnetic field until it reached a maximum at the time of Jesus Christ. As shown in Fig. 1 below, Humphreys believes the intensity of the field has been decreasing since the time of Christ.
This graph raises as many questions as it answers. For instance, what was the state of the magnetic field before the flood? Humphreys himself provides no scientific answers to this specific question, instead focusing on his data and theories relating to the time of the Flood, which he denotes as the third millennium before Christ (Humphreys 1993).
Humphreys does, however, outline his theory of constant magnetic field decay, the dynamic-decay theory. According to this theory, Earth's magnetic field has been constantly losing about half its energy every 700 years (Humphreys 1993). Using assumptions that he himself has made about the maximum energy [it is important to note that energy is not the same concept as intensity] of the magnetic field at the time of creation, Humphreys produces the following figure, which shows an age vs. energy curve for both the dynamic-decay theory and a free decay theory similar to that of Barnes (Humphreys 1993).
Based upon his assumptions that the energy of the magnetic field has been in a state of constant decay, and taking into account his theory that the Flood caused an accelerated rate of decay that led to a massive energy drop over a relatively short period of time, Humphreys concludes that the earth must only be about 6,000 years old (Humphreys 1993).
The scientific community has been quick to respond to the age data presented by creationists, and they have provided several counters to the claims of Barnes. Any flaws found in Barnes' work also discredit the work of Humphreys, since Humphreys' work is based upon that of Barnes. The first point made by scientists is that Barnes used an outdated model in his analysis of the Earth's interior (Matson 2002). By using an outdated model, any assumptions Barnes made become invalid. Second, by using McDonald's and Gunst's data, Barnes only analyzed the dipole component of the magnetic field, which is not an accurate measurement of the overall strength of the Earth's magnetic field (Matson 2002). Third, scientists show that the data used by Barnes more easily fits a linear curve than an exponential one, and Barnes chose an exponential curve based on incorrect assumptions (Thompson 1997).
The scientific answer for the apparent decay of the magnetic field was given by Dr. Walter Elsasser, a physicist at the University of Utah. According to Dr. Elsasser, Earth's magnetic field is generated by a dynamo within the Earth's core (Matson 2002). This dynamo is driven by an unknown energy source, but the subsequent fluid movement within the core generates the magnetic field around the Earth (Matson 2002). Creationists are quick to call this theory into question, because they see the fact that the energy source of the dynamo is unknown as evidence that the theory may be incorrect.
It is evident that the debate between creationists and scientists will continue for some time, as both sides are bent on proving themselves right. We can clearly see, however, that creationists are using a flawed argument. By using outdated models, their theories are rendered irrelevant. If they are to prove that Earth is indeed only thousands of years old, they will need to analyze the fluctuations of the magnetic field from a new perspective. Likewise, scientists will need to continue their research of the dynamo model until the mysterious energy source is identified. If they can discern the source, they will move one step closer to verifying their model; if they cannot identify it, they will need to turn to other models for answers. The answers for both parties lie in continued research - only then will we be able to determine if we are able to date the Earth using its magnetic field as a clock.
- Humphreys, Russell. 1993. "The Earth's Magnetic Field is Young." Impact. http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=371. Accessed: Oct 15, 2005.
- Matson, Dave. 2002. "Young-earth "proof" #11: Since the earth's magnetic field is decaying at an exponential rate, its strength would have been unrealistically high 25,000 years ago. Thus, Earth is less than 25,000 years old." http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/dave_matson /youngearth/specific_arguments/magnetic_field.html. Accessed: Oct. 15, 2005.
- Sarfati, Jonathan. 1998. "The earth's magnetic field: evidence that the earth is young" Answers in Genesis. http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v20/i2/magnetic.asp. Accessed: Oct 15, 2005.
- Stassin, Chris. 2005. "The Age of the Earth." The Talk.Origins Archive. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html. Accessed: Oct. 31, 2005.
- Thompson, Tim. 1997. "On Creation Science and the Alleged Decay of the Earth's Magnetic Field" Talk Origins. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/magfields.html. Accessed: Oct 15, 2005.


At the beginning all you needed to mine bitcoins was a computer and an application.
Then the market has developed hardware making it much harder for the community to mine.
It has, in turn, instigated the community to start forming mining pools.
A mining pool allows its members to gain back the edge and start mining again.
The Creator of Proof-of-Stake Wants to Add Hardware to the Algorithm
In this article we try to note some of the latest developments inside the top 5 Proof-of-Stake projects based on the objective ranking of their market cap size.
The crypto-enthusiast narrative and vision behind blockchain technology states that blockchain is a powerful tool that will allow us to decentralise the infrastructure of economy, society and even politics.
From the early days when internet networks started to replace and improve traditional communication and exchange channels, new technology breakthroughs have always captured the public’s attention, even at times when it wasn’t yet ready for mainstream consumption.
Today, open source is the foundation of many businesses. Every major technology starts with it.
In the past year we saw how the instability of the crypto market can cause damage to uneducated buyers. We want to give a helping hand, and provide our users with a different approach when choosing how to deal with multiple assets.


Amazon Kindle is a software and hardware platform developed by Amazon.com
) for the rendering and displaying of e-books
and other digital media
Four hardware devices, known as "Kindle", "Kindle 2", a third generation device simply called the "Kindle", and "Kindle DX" support this platform. However, most reviewers, customers and press companies refer to this latest generation Kindle as the "Kindle 3".
Kindle software applications exist for Microsoft Windows
, Mac OS X
. Amazon's first hardware device, the Kindle First Generation, was released only in the United States on November 19, 2007. The latest hardware device, the 3rd generation Kindle with 3G support for use in 100 countries and territories, was announced on July 28, 2010.
Since the Kindle is still relatively new, and I just got one, I decided to put together a small site with information and resources as I founded. Also, since I already have two books listed for sale in the Kindle Store, I can provide downloads to the free editions of each book.
Where do I get books?


Fix Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra Charging Problem – Do you have charging issues with your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra? It can be frustrating. Especially if you depend on your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra to complete day-to-day tasks.
In this article, we’ll look at some common causes and solutions to why your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra isn’t charging.
Common Reasons For Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra Charging Problem
There are many possible causes for charging problems on your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra. The most common causes of charging issues in this Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra are:
– Charger or cable malfunctioning problem. Damaged or faulty chargers or adapters can stop the phone from charging properly.
– The Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra battery can degrade over time and cause charging problems.
– Software bugs or updates can cause charger problems.
– Obstruction of the charging port. If dust or debris collects in the port, this can prevent the phone from charging properly.
– If your phone has been dropped or exposed to moisture or humidity, this can damage the charging port or other internal components. This will cause charging problems.
If your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra is not charging properly, consider cleaning the port, switching to a different charger or adapter, or hiring professional repair services from Samsung. To resolve the issue, it’s essential to find the reason.
How To Fix Charging Problems In Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra?
There are a few troubleshooting techniques you can test to fix your ‘s charging issue:
1. Charger And Cable: If you are experiencing charging problems, it could be a faulty charger or cable. Try using another cable or adapter.
2. Calibrate Your Battery: A misaligned battery can cause charge problems. Let the battery drain to zero the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra, and then charge it up again without interruption.
3. Reset Your Device: Software problems can also lead to charging issues. Reset your phone’s default settings. But remember to back up your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra data before you do so, as this will delete all your settings and data.
4. Clean The Charging Port: Cleaning the charging port is important. Dirt and debris can cause the cable not to connect properly. Clean the charging port of S23 with a soft, bristled brush or compressed air to provide the cable is attached correctly.
5. Check For Physical Damage: Charge problems can be caused by physical damage, such as damage from moisture or drops. Take your phone to a professional if it has any physical damage.
6. Replace The Battery: If the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra battery is no longer charged, it could be time to replace it. Bring your phone to an expert for battery replacement.
If none of the steps above work, there may be an issue with the hardware in your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra. Contact Samsung Customer Support for more assistance, or take it to a professional repair shop.
Expert Tips For Preventing Charging Problems In Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra
There are many ways to fix charging issues in the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra. Here are some helpful tips and steps:
- Check the charging cord: Ensure the cable is in good condition And is connected to the S23’s charger port. A loose connection may cause charging issues. Try a different cord to see if it helps.
- Check the power supply: Make sure your power, like a computer USB port or wall outlet, functions correctly. Try plugging your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra into a different power source to determine if it’s the source.
- Check the charging ports: Dust or debris may accumulate in the port, preventing the cable from connecting properly. Scrub the charging port of the S23 Ultra with a soft, bristled brush or compressed air.
- Check for software updates: Verify that you have the latest Samsung OneUI installed on your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra. Updates can fix bugs and help with charging issues. Go to “Settings”. Choose”Software Update,” then click “Download from the original released and Install” if any updates are available on Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra.
- Factory reset: Try a factory reset if none of the measures above work for the S23 Ultra. Before resetting your S23 Ultra, assure you have backed up any important data. A factory reset will remove all data and restore your Samsung device to its original condition.
If you still have problems with Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra after following these steps. Please get in touch with Samsung Customer Support. Bring your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra to an authorized Samsung repair center.
Alternatives To Charging Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra
Besides the standard charger, there are several other charging options for the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra. Here are some of the alternatives:
Wireless Charging: Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra is compatible with fast wireless charging. You can use a wireless charging stand or pad to charge your S23 Ultrawithout plugging it in.
You only need to place your phone onto the charging pad, which will begin charging.
Portable Power Bank For S23 Ultra: A portable power bank is a great option for S23 users. Suppose you’re on the go. You do not have access to an electrical outlet for charging your S23 Ultra.
Charge a power bank using a USB cord, then charge your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra on the move. Power banks are rated by their capacity.
Solar Chargers: A solar charger converts sunlight into electricity that can be used to recharge your S23 Ultra. They are great for outdoor use but can be slower to charge than other methods.
Other charging methods might be less efficient or fast than the standard cable and charger. It is also important to use compatible.
High-quality charging accessories to prevent damage to your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra’s battery. Knowing how to use a backup charger properly on S23 Ultra is necessary.
You can also discover more about Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra after this Blog post. You can fix the problem of the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra by following the solutions and tips in this article like heating issues, Take A Screenshot On Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra, and Voicemail On Samsung S23 Ultra.
Always use high-quality cables and chargers. Keep the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra and charging port as clean as possible.
And do not expose your S23 Ultra to extreme temperature or moisture. You can avoid charging issues by taking good care of your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra.
FAQ On Charging Problems In Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra
Why does my Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra refuse to charge?
You may have several reasons for your phone not charging. This could include a faulty cable or charger, a damaged port or software issues. Follow the troubleshooting instructions for Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra in this article to fix the problem.
How can I avoid charging problems with my Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra?
Avoid extreme temperatures and moisture. Also, please avoid using your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra when charging.
Can using a non-Samsung charger damage my Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra?
It is possible to damage your S23 Ultra if you use a charger that’s not Samsung-certified. The charger may have been designed for something other than the charging needs of your Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra. To ensure the safety of your device. It’s best only to use Samsung-certified cables and chargers.
Why does my Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra charge slowly?
A faulty cable or charger, a damaged port or software issues could cause slow charging. Try using a different cable or charger, cleaning the port and restarting the phone to see if this improves charging speed.
Can I charge my Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra wirelessly?
The Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra does support wireless charging. You can use a wireless charger or stand compatible to charge your device without cables.


Does reality exist, or does it take shape when an observer measures it? Akin to the age-old conundrum of whether a tree makes a sound if it falls in a forest with no one around to hear it, the above question remains one of the most tantalizing in the field of quantum mechanics, the branch of science dealing with the behavior of subatomic particles on the microscopic level…. Now, scientists from the Federal University of ABC (UFABC) in the São Paulo metropolitan area in Brazil are adding fuel to the suggestion that reality might be “in the eye of the observer.”
In their new research, published in the journal Communications Physics in April, the scientists in Brazil attempted to verify the “complementarity principle” the famous Danish physicist Niels Bohr proposed in 1928. It states that objects come with certain pairs of complementary properties, which are impossible to observe or measure at the same time, like energy and duration, or position and momentum. For example, no matter how you set up an experiment involving a pair of electrons, there’s no way you can study the position of both quantities at the same time: the test will illustrate the position of the first electron, but obscure the position of the second particle (the complementary particle) at the same time….
“We used nuclear magnetic resonance techniques similar to those used in medical imaging,” Roberto M. Serra, a quantum information science and technology researcher at UFABC, who led the experiment, tells Popular Mechanics. Particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons all have a nuclear spin, which is a magnetic property analogous to the orientation of a needle in a compass. “We manipulated these nuclear spins of different atoms in a molecule employing a type of electromagnetic radiation. In this setup, we created a new interference device for a proton nuclear spin to investigate its wave and particle reality in the quantum realm,” Serra explains. “This new arrangement produced exactly the same observed statistics as previous quantum delayed-choice experiments,” Pedro Ruas Dieguez, now a postdoctoral research fellow at the International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies (ICTQT) in Poland, who was part of the study, tells Popular Mechanics. “However, in the new configuration, we were able to connect the result of the experiment with the way waves and particles behave in a way that verifies Bohr’s complementarity principle,” Dieguez continues.
The main takeaway from the April 2022 study is that physical reality in the quantum world is made of mutually exclusive entities that, nonetheless, do not contradict but complete each other.
Stephen Holler, an associate professor of physics at Fordham University, tells Popular Mechanics that the study underscores a famous observation by Richard Feynman: “If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don’t understand quantum mechanics.”
Read more of this story at Slashdot.


Classroom Toolkit Exploration and Ideas
A tool used to measure the electricity consumption (in watts) of any item
plugged into a power source. It is measuring ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
Identify phantom loads by finding devices that seem off, but are still using electricity.
Predict which device draws the most electricity in your classroom. Use the Watt Meter to measure the top guesses.
Lux “Light” Meter
A tool used to measure the brightness level (in lux) of any surface, specifically
the intensity by which the brightness is felt through human eyes. It is measuring
VISIBLE LIGHT ENERGY.
Open the blinds and turn off the lights. What’s the reading? Repeat with closed blinds.
Turn on the lights. What’s the reading on different surfaces in the classroom?
A tool used to measure the surface temperature (in degrees) of any
environment. The infrared allows a temperature to safely be measured without
the tool directly touching it. It is measuring THERMAL ENERGY.
Predict the difference between the temp of a window in the shade vs. one in direct sunlight, then measure.
Check the temp of the window and an internal wall. Notice the difference.


Intel pcie controller 1901
Cloud-Based Endpoint Security.[SOLVED] – Intel (R) PCIe Controller (x16) – for ASUS ROG STRIX ZE? | Tom’s Hardware Forum
To find the latest driver for your computer we recommend running our Free Driver Scan. Intel (R) PCIe Controller (x16) – – Driver Download. * Vendor: INTEL. * Product: Intel (R) PCIe Controller (x16) – * Hardware Class: System. Jan 08, · ; ** brands Intel(R) devices ** If you have a laptop with NVIDIA Optimus, the NVIDIA GPU will not work until the INF driver has been installed successfuly. Get . Free Download /5 1 The package provides the installation files for Intel Xeon E3 – / v5/6th Gen Intel Core PCIe Controller (x16) – Driver version If the driver is already.
Intel pcie controller 1901.Intel(R) PCIe Controller (x16) – Driver Download – PC Matic Driver Library
Free Download /5 1 The package provides the installation files for Intel Xeon E3 – / v5/6th Gen Intel Core PCIe Controller (x16) – Driver version If the driver is already. Jan 08, · ; ** brands Intel(R) devices ** If you have a laptop with NVIDIA Optimus, the NVIDIA GPU will not work until the INF driver has been installed successfuly. Get . Sep 10, · gpu graphics intel nvidia gpu pcie Hi there and welcome to PC Help Forum (PCHF), a more effective way to get the Tech Support you need! We have Experts in all areas of Tech, including Malware Removal, Crash Fixing and BSOD’s, Microsoft Windows, Computer DIY and PC Hardware, Networking, Gaming, Tablets and iPads, General and Specific Software Estimated Reading Time: 50 secs.
Intel(R) PCIe Controller (x16) – 1901 – Driver Download
Intel(R) PCIe Controller (x16) – – Intel Community
Keep Your Computer Running at Peak Performance
Optional Updates offering wrong updates – Microsoft Community
Press conference “Makcenter”
Last night, McCenter held a press conference, where its employees shared their impressions of the last CeBIT 2021 exhibition and demonstrated some of the devices brought from it.
The most interesting are all kinds of peripherals produced by the American company Pretec, we wrote about them in reports from the exhibition, Day 3, in particular, this is an adapter from Compact Flash to SD / MMC / MemoryStick, WLAN adapter (also CF slot) and other accessories.
Maktsentr became the exclusive distributor of Pretec brand products in Russia, apparently the exhibition was not in vain for the company.
The work of the Bluetooth module for Palm PDA made by Toshiba was demonstrated, everything works like a clock, the bundle contains software for organizing a chat between two PDAs. The estimated price in Russia for this module will be about $ 200, while in Europe it will be available for $ 140. With it, you can also connect to a cell phone and use the latter to go online, download mail, etc.P. What actually was demonstrated.
Then Andrey Kuznetsov showed the latest innovations created by his own development department. These are, in particular, chargers for almost all modern PDA models, sync cords. The average cost of such accessories is about $ 20, of the pluses it is worth noting the good workmanship, the Chinese cords will be slightly worse, in my opinion.
Also, struggling with large deposits of portable keyboards for the Palm of the third series, a special adapter was developed that allows using this keyboard with modern PDAs, the cost of the solution (together with the keyboard and its driver) is about $ 75.
Finally, among the novelties brought from the exhibition, a PDA based on PenBex OS 2 was shown.0. An interesting solution, however, the ergonomics of this PDA is terrifying.
In general, the meeting turned out to be interesting and more like an exchange of impressions than a press conference.


In order to promote evaluation of vessel segmentation on ultra-wide field-of-view (UWFV) fluorescein angriogram (FA) frames, we make public 8 frames from two different sequences, the manually annotated images and the result of our automatic vessel segmentation algorithm.
The data contains 6 folders:
AMD14: 4 original frames from the AMD14 sequence.
AMD14-GT: Manual ground truth for the AMD14 sequence.
AMD14-results: Binary results obtained using our method.
GER7: 4 original frames from the GER7 sequence.
GER7-GT: Manual ground truth for the GER7 sequence.
GER7-results: Binary results obtained using our method.
The software implementation runs on MATLAB (tested on MATLAB 2010a):
Important note: You are free to use this data for research purposes, but you should not redistribute it without our consent. In addition, we expect you to include adequate citations and acknowledgments whenever you present or publish results that are based on it.
A. Perez-Rovira, K. Zutis, J.P. Hubschman, E. Trucco. Improving vessel segmentation in ultra-wide field-of-view retinal fluorescein angiograms. 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 11). [pdf] A. Perez-Rovira, R. Cabido, E. Trucco, S. McKenna and J.P. Hubschman,RERBEE: Robust Elastic Registration via Bifurcations and Elongated Elements applied to retinal fluorescein angiogram sequences. Vol 31, Issue 1, Pp. 140-150. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 2012. [pdf ]


Chapter 11: Introduction to Modern Atomic Theory
We see an electron 'orbiting' the nucleus at a
In the Quantum Mechanical model we view the behavior
of the electron in a completely different way...the
electron occupies an orbital.
But in the Bohr model we describe the electron in an
To get the electron to move from the orbit closest to
the nucleus to a 'higher' orbit, we must add energy. The
electron must absorb some energy to 'excite' the electron
to a higher orbit.
Each of the orbits is also called an energy level,
because the electron has a certain energy when it is in
an orbit. The orbit closest to the nucleus is the lowest
energy level, and the electron has the smallest amount of
To excite the electron to a higher orbit we must add
the exact amount of energy, the differnece between the
energies of the two levels, to cause the electron to move
to the higher energy level.
*NOTE: This file will load very slowly if you are
trying to download on a 56K modem. View this movie using
QuickTime 4 on the campus network.


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Image Enhancement Software
In addition to our EDIsecure® Card Management Software Suite and IDExpert® software, we offer our Image Enhancement Software to improve the image quality of a captured image fundamentally. Our Image Enhancement Software provides auto-cropping and maximizes image quality, automatic correction of color distortions, and the adjustment of brightness and sharpness.
- Auto-cropping: images are automatically cropped with central positioning of the head, which helps to ensure consistent image results
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Law as Neural Network
A Digital Twin of the Law
The purpose of law is to enable people to live together peacefully. However, the increasingly difficult access to affordable and comprehensible law undermines this purpose. Digital technologies accelerate the problem due to the unprecedented speed and scope of new challenges. Therefore, we need to focus on finding a strategy to transform law into an adaptable, dynamic computable form. Computable law that allows modern technologies to assist human intelligence at scale and pace.
The Liquid Legal Institute investigates the theory that an ecosystem of artificial neural networks might be such an ideal computable form of law. Like its biological model, an artificial neural network flexibly allows storage and connection of information on different levels and categories.
The crucial feature is the weighing of those connections. The weighing of interests is a human ability as it requires semantic understanding. An artificial neural network cannot perform this skill. But neural networks can reflect it in a computable way.
Thousands of years ago script changed the way law was communicated. Artificial neural networks might be the next step to make law accessible for everybody. Both strategies do not aim at the replacement of humans, but at supporting human intelligence.
Spearheading the vision of a digital twin of the law based on artificial intelligence and the laws of computation!


I received a B.E. degree in Electronics and Electrical Communications from Punjab Engineering College, India, an M.S. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Seoul National University, South Korea, and a Ph.D. in Informatics from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan.
After obtaining my Ph.D., I joined the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo in 2006 as a researcher, and am currently working in the position of a research manager. From 2013 to 2023, I concurrently held a visiting associate professor’s position at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, where I supervised graduate students. I have been serving as a Rapporteur of ITU-T Study Group 13 since 2014. My research interests include advanced network architectures, 5G/6G networks, integrated control of terrestrial and non-terrestrial (satellite) networks, Internet of Things (IoT), information-centric networking (ICN), network function virtualization, software-defined networking, machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), cyber security and privacy protection. I have published more than 140 research papers in peer reviewed journals, magazines and conferences. I have also edited 13 ITU-T Recommendations and Supplements related with the Next Generation Network (NGN), Future Networks, IMT-2020 or 5G networks, and submitted many contributions for these and other Recommendations. I hold 12 patents.
I am a Fellow of ITU-T Study Group 13, life member of Nepal Engineers Association, senior member of IEEE, and member of IEICE.
I received the ITU Association of Japan’s Encouragement Award and Accomplishment Award in 2009 and 2017, respectively. I also received the Nepali Diaspora ICT Award 2022 (The Biggest Tech Award of Nepal) in 2022 and the Information and Communication Technology Award (TTC Chairman’s Commendation) from Japan in 2023. I received five Best Paper Awards from the ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conferences in 2009, 2014, 2018, 2020, and 2022.
More information about my involvement into various academic and professional activities can be found in my Research Map page.


ViewHD Premium HDMI to HDMI + Audio (sPDIF + RAC L/R) Audio Extractor | Converter (New 2013 Model)
Start shipping on 4/24/2013, NEW 2013 Model is: VHD-H2HSAs, to replace "VHD-H2HSA".
Adds three audio EDID settings for better application control.
The ViewHD VHD-H2HSAs has one HDMI input, one HDMI output, one SPDIF output and RCA L / R stereo audio output.
This product is well made, solid and durable with full metal jacket construction; it has the best in category Quality, Flexibility & Compatibility.
It can extract digital 2CH PCM stereo audio signal from the HDMI input and convert it to 2CH analog stereo output through its RCA style L/R analog output AND SPDIF output at the same time. The SPDIF output can support 5.1CH Dolby Digital 5.1CH / AC3 and DTS 5.1CH audio. The RCA L/R output will not have sound if the incoming audio is multi-channel audio (>2CH). The HDMI output has identical video and audio signals as the A/V signals coming into its HDMI input. User can extract 2CH audio signal from HDMI input for stereo / headphone application and use the SPDIF output for surround receiver 5.1CH audio setup when HDMI source sends DD / DTS 5.1CH.
The L /R stereo output has sound only if the audio format in the HDMI signal is 2CH. This is not a decoder, so if the audio sigal in the HDMI is 5.1CH surround or above, the RCA L/R audio output will not have sound.
Support all HDMI sources. We have not experienced a compatibility issue.
Package includes: Audio Extractor, Universal 100V - 240V Power Adapter with US plug and User Manual.
Set audio EDID to "5.1CH" for DD5.1CH / DTS5.1CH from SPDIF; HDMI output supports all formats including Dolby Digitla Plus, PCM5.1CH and beyond.
For 5.1CH PCM or above, set audio EDID to "pass", connect HDMI output to receiver directly.
- Size: SPDIF + RCA L/R with Audio EDID Switch
- Color: Black
- Brand: ViewHD
- Model: VHD-H2HSAs
- Dimensions: .83" h x2.44" w x3.35" l,.29 pounds
- One HDMI Input to One HDMI Output, One SPDIF Audio Output and One RCA R/L Stereo Audio Output
- SPDIF Output Supports Upto 5.1CH Dolby Digital 5.1CH and DTS 5.1CH Audio; RCA Analog L/R Output Supports 2CH PCM Stereo Audio
- HDMI Supports Full HD 1080P + 3D; HDCP & CEC Pass Through; Video EDID Pass Through; Plug & Play
- Provides the Best Flexibility through Three NEW Audio EDID Settings: Pass, 2CH and 5.1CH
- Audio EDID Settings: 2CH for L/R or SPDIF stereo output; 5.1CH for SPDIF Oupout


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17th day of my internship
This morning I continued with the Raspberry Pi project. I left off with the NOOBS being installed. It installed successfully and now you can see I have a Raspberry Pi graphical (GUI) desktop. The following pictures is the boot sequence.
Finally, a successful operating Raspberry Pi. Now, to turn this tiny device into a digital sign that rotates pictures from the client’s Google Docs folder (website). All the device has to do is display the photos in the doc folder and rotate through them. After it is complete the client can change the photos at anytime while the Raspberry Pi continues to do its job. The picture below is an attempt to try to do that.Sorry for the fuzzy picture.
After my failed attempt, I was notified the electrical inspector is scheduled for this coming Wednesday. He’s going to inspect the new office’s electrical system which includes our network cables. So, we need to hurry up and finish pulling the rest of the cables, attach the cables to the wall ports and neaten up the wires so, they don’t look messy. I must admit, I am getting plenty of exercise going up and down ladders and lifting them. Even though I am tired, I am having lots of fun.
Add a plate here. Did you notice the new paint?
Add a plate here
Add a plate here. Do you like the color? It’s called Shadow.
Here I need to put in a 4 port plate. However, the blue cables are going to continue through while the white cables will be plugged into the ports.
Here is an example of a messy cable. For some reason someone was using a Bayonet Neill–Concelman (BNC) connector. I took care of it by removing it.
Another example of cables that needed to be cleaned up. Rolled up cables are not allowed.
This big pile of cable is our twelve cable waiting for the pole to hide them in to arrive.


From Minreeva by Paul T
It’s that time of the week again where we add another industry jargon to our ever-expanding collection of edtech terms. This week, we’ll discuss ‘Augmented Reality.’
The first thing that usually comes to mind when we hear “Augmented Reality” is “virtual reality.” Both are very different from each other. Virtual reality, or VR, is a reconstructed or simulated interactive environment that can be experienced through hardware like VR glasses or gloves.
Augmented reality is not far from being used as an approach for learning. With technology such as smartphones, tablets, Google Glass, HoloLens, and the Oculus Rift – just to name a few, we may have fully-AR-supported apps and environments within the next few years. Wouldn’t it be so much help if we can just point our phone (or our eyeglasses) at a certain object and the device then gives us information about it? With this in mind, augmented reality allows us to “point-and-learn.”
Here’s a short video from our friends over at Common Craft further explaining what augmented reality is. Cheers!


April Weekly Recap 1
March 31st - April 6th, 2020
Welcome to our 1st weekly recap for April.
Opera now enables users to access decentralized web pages through a partnership with Unstoppable Domains.
The collaboration entails Opera’s integration of Unstoppable Domain’s .crypto domain extension. This will allow the browser’s users to surf decentralized websites, as well as make cryptocurrency payments.
Microsoft has proposed a system that can mine cryptocurrencies using data collected from humans as they exercise or read an advertisement.
The system could use physical exertion to mine cryptocurrencies: sensors could detect when the body is doing a physical task, such as a faster pulse, and use that data to unlock blocks. Scanners connected to the head could even use brainwaves, signals sent out during mental exertion, to mine for cryptocurrencies.
- After more than 18 months of work, the Byron reboot was officially launched on the Cardano network. This reboot entails a number of updates to the Cardano network including the Cardano node, the Cardano explorer, the wallet backend and Daedalus wallet.IOHK stated that the revamped design is modular. This means that it will differentiate the ledger, consensus and network components making it easy to upgrade any of them without affecting the rest.
n a coordinated strike against some of the best-known companies in crypto, a US law firm issued a barrage of class-action lawsuits aimed at Binance, Block.one, Bitmex, Tron and several others. The lawsuits allege that the firms bilked investors by selling unlawful securities in the form of digital tokens.


Smartphone batteries have a lifespan of between 300-500 charging cycles, which equates to roughly 12 months of standard usage.
WHAT TO DO TO HELP YOUR BATTERY LAST LONGER?
Typical Causes Of Batteries Not Holding Charge:
• Like all batteries, your device battery will have a specific charge and discharge rate that will expire as time goes on
• Your phone may have suffered unknown physical or liquid damage
• Leaving your phone on while charging can put stress on the battery cells causing them to wear down over time
•Specific apps are known to drain your battery quickly
What To Do To Help Your Battery Last Longer?
1. Turn off Bluetooth and Wi-Fi if you’re not using them
2. Reduce your screen brightness
3. Disable live wallpapers
4. Turn off your location / location services
5. Limit your screen timeout 6. Turn off vibration
1. You don’t have to let you battery drain to 0% before charging it again. New lithium-ion batteries are best kept between 40% and 80%.
2. Leaving your device charging overnight does NOT reduce the battery lifespan. Once fully charged, the device switches to “trickle charge” mode which has a minimal impact on the battery.
How We Assess Affected Devices:
• Current draw (power usage) on the phone
• Charging ports
• Battery quality
• Software issues
• Liquid damage
• Physical damage
• Damage to PCB (short circuit)


PDECON - Optimal Control of Ordinary, Algebraic and One-dimensional Partial
Version 1.0 (1997)
PDECON solves optimal control problems based on a system of ordinary differential equations,
differential algebraic equations or one-dimensional, time-dependent and algebraic partial
The line method is applied to discretize the system w.r.t. the spatial
variable, to get a system of ordinary differential equations.
To approximate spatial derivatives, polynomial approximation, difference formulae and
special upwind formulae (TVD or similar) for hyperbolic equations are implemented.
Systems of ordinary differential equations are solved by standard methods for stiff-
and non-stiff equations, e.g. by some routines of Hairer and Wanner.
State and control constraints in inequality form are discretized w.r.t. time variable.
The resulting constrained nonlinear programming problem is
solved by the SQP algorithm NLPQL.
Gradients of objective function and constraint are approximated by forward differences
or internal numerical differentiation.
PDECON is a double precision FORTRAN-77 subroutine and all parameters
are passed through arguments. An additional main program takes over
some organizational ballast and reads in all problem data. A user
provided subroutine is required to define initial values, constraints,
partial differential equations together with suitable
boundary conditions or coupled ordinary equations and objective function.
three different types of objective functions
numerical integration of objective functions in integral form
control approximation by piecewise constant or linear functions or
definition of flux-functions to facilitate input
non-continous transition conditions between integration areas
(Neumann, Dirichlet, mixed)
dynamic constraints, i.e. inequality constraints depending on control and state variables
break points, where integration is restarted, e.g. to allow model changes w.r.t.
exploiting band structures
generation of 2D/3D-plot data and TEX reports
FORTRAN source code
PDECON is in practical use to control transdermal processes
in pharmaceutical models (Boehringer
Ingelheim), and to control chemical turbular reactors (BASF).
M. Blatt, K. Schittkowski, PDECON: A FORTRAN code for solving optimal
control problems based on ordinary, algebraic and partial differential equations,
Report, Dep. of Mathematics, University of Bayreuth (1997)


Test equipment management
Central management of all your test equipment
Automatic notifications about upcoming necessary recalibration tests
Documentation of test results including test protocols
Central analytics and reports about the status of your test and measurement equipment
The test equipment management module is a sub-module of the maintenance management module, which explicitly fulfills all requirements of chapter 7.1.5 ISO 9001:2015 “Monitoring and measuring resources”. In the test equipment management module all monitoring and measuring devices are recorded, which are necessary to ensure conformity of products with specified requirements. The individual devices are recorded and predefined test types and cycles can be assigned. The tests carried out are documented in the devices test history and additional documents can be uploaded (eg test reports or calibration certificates). The other features correspond to the features described in the module Maintenance management.


Network teams are rightly concerned about not having adequate bandwidth for applications and users when assessing bandwidth requirements. However, IT networking companies in Dubai avoid overprovisioning bandwidth to prevent wasting money on capacity the organisation doesn’t require.
The network may improve performance allocation and consumption with these eight tips.
1. Gather network statistics and baselines
Without network evaluation, bandwidth increases are difficult to determine. Network admins can start by collecting and analysing network data to see how users and apps use bandwidth.
Teams can track application performance, usage, and end-user satisfaction. Network admins should also monitor external and internal traffic flow.
Teams should identify peak data and bandwidth usage rather than averages. Teams should consider bandwidth-intensive business procedures like end-of-month tasks, accounting closings, payroll, and strong customer demand. Teams can collect this data using Simple Network Management Protocol, visibility and analytics software, network management and monitoring platforms, and network packet brokers. Network teams can baseline bandwidth utilisation by collecting and analysing this data. Baselines assist in developing security policies and test network performance and configuration changes. Team members can also inspect network cabling, electronics, and switch ports.
2. Lay out network topology
Teams can map their network topology after establishing a bandwidth baseline. This procedure shows teams how devices are connected and how network traffic goes to and from apps and users. Teams may find bottlenecks and slowdowns along specific routes and rethink their design to reduce congestion. A network’s historical topology may not scale to serve applications, cloud services, and traffic. Teams should consider a different network topology in this instance.
3. Check subnets and VLAN
Teams can evaluate VLANs and subnets after assessing network topologies. Teams can segment the network and streamline communication between endpoints using VLANs and subnets. Network admins may construct VLANs for HR, sales, and customer support, as well as finance, which has stricter security and compliance needs.
Endpoints in these segments can interact outside their VLAN or subnet, but they mostly send data within. This reduces network traffic and bandwidth use. VLANs and subnets add security and redundancy.
4. Load balance and cache
By spreading traffic across several network pathways, load balancing and load sharing can boost speed and bandwidth efficiency. Load balancing monitors connections and helps the network handle traffic spikes and direct packets. Caching and link aggregation can reduce data retrieval and speed up packet transmission across several connections for network teams.
5. Establish priorities and policies
Network teams determine bandwidth priorities for applications, resources, and users using data and baselines. Admins should prioritise business-critical real-time applications including VoIP, video, and collaboration. Teams should plan for significant bandwidth demand for certain apps. Network admins can also restrict bandwidth-hogging websites like Netflix and email attachments. Monitoring tools can identify bandwidth-hogging resources, allowing managers to prevent or delete access. Traffic shaping and QoS prioritise mission-critical packets over the network. Teams can use QoS features in applications to avoid bandwidth competition and resource depletion.
6. Schedule network updates
Schedule network upgrades, configuration updates, backups, and patches when users are less likely to be online to optimise bandwidth. Backups can be scheduled nightly by admins. Another factor is which gadgets or OSes have automatic update settings.
7. Install monitoring tools
Monitoring tools help network managers find bandwidth-hogging programmes and packet-clogged paths. Device status, inventory, performance, alerting, and intrusion detection are among their valuable metrics.
Admins can configure their monitoring systems to prioritise the data they want for the most useful insights while minimising bandwidth use.
According to computer hardware suppliers in Dubai configuring network monitoring tools to work well and not waste bandwidth is also crucial. Based on available bandwidth and the relevance of real-time network updates, admins can choose monitoring platform bandwidth. Teams that monitor thousands of devices over a WAN need different bandwidth than those that collect connectivity and performance data from one core router every 10 seconds.
We strongly suggest that you get in touch with a IT networking companies in Dubai if you require additional assistance in enhancing the performance of your network. At Infobytes Technologies computer hardware suppliers in Dubai, we are extremely well educated in assisting end users in getting the most out of their networks, which is one of our primary areas of expertise.


A Sony spokesperson has confirmed that the corporate is hosting an event in delhi on may 8, to launch the Xperia Z2 smartphone in India.
Sony is prepared to launch the Xperia Z2 in India. a corporation spokesperson told us that the event are going to be held in city. although he declined to inform us a specific launch date, he did make sure that the event are going to be held before may 15.
According to The Economic Times, the corporate has sent out invitations to some media persons for an upcoming event on may 8, hinting at the possible launch of the device. This means, the device may well be launched within the next period of time.
Though the official value of the Xperia Z2 isn’t out yet, Amazon UK has reportedly started taking pre-orders for £544.87 that interprets to more or less Rs 55,000. However, considering the fierce completion of flagships in India with the likes of HTC One M8 and Galaxy S5, one will expect the Sony device to come with a cheaper price tag.
The Z2 has borrowed waterproof and rugged capabilities from its forerunner, and sports a 5.2-inch 1080p full HD Triluminos display. below the hood, it comes powered by a 2.3 ghz quad-core snapdragon 801 and Adreno 30 GPU, as well as 3GB of RAM. Sony has additionally added digital noise-cancelling capabilities, promising up to 98 % reduction in ambient noise once used with its MDR NC31EM headset.
One of the highlights of the device is its 20.7-megapixel camera with 4K recording support, at the side of 1/2.3-type Exmor RS for mobile CMOS image sensing element, Sony’s G Lens and intelligent BIONZ. The 4K resolution (3840×2160 pixels/30p) helps capture four times the detail of Full HD. it's supported by STM10 Stereo microphone for stereo recording. The Z2 is additionally loaded with Xperia camera apps like Timeshift video, creative effect, and AR effect.
It is fuelled by a 3200mAh battery for prolonged battery life, that is further spruced by Sony’s Battery STAMINA Mode.


In this talk we will show, how state-of-the-art metrology can be applied along the manufacturing chain of optoelectronic devices, such as VCSELs, edge-emitting lasers and LEDs. We begin with in-situ metrology, applied for process control during MOVPE-growth. In a second step, we will show how post-epi wafer mapping provides additional uniformity information. Finally, as a third step, we will show examples of in-situ metrology during the subsequent plasma-etch process. It will be shown that especially the knowledge of metrology results from earlier steps allows for a much deeper understanding and that the combination of metrology results from different steps is key for a more comprehensive process control.
Dr. Kolja Haberland is Chief Technology Officer (CTO) at LayTec, a leading manufacturer of integrated metrology for the compound semiconductor industry. He studied physics at the Technical University of Berlin, where in 2003 he obtained his PhD for his work on 'optical in-situ monitoring during epitaxial growth' - LayTec’s major field of application for many years. As co-founder of the company, he has been with LayTec since 1999. Over the years, he has contributed significantly to the rapid growth of this technology company, providing both industry and academia with integrated metrology solutions for epitaxy of LEDs, lasers, transisors and solar cells.