P3 communications GmbH (P3Com) is the German coordinator of the project. P3Com focuses on the critical communications aspect of the infrastructures and include the exploration of the European perspective of the BERCOM results and a cost benefit analysis of a roll out in different European countries.
EDF is the WP1 leader. EDF contributes primarily to the definition of the energy use case which focuses on the use of LTE for remote control and configuration of distributed automation equipment. EDF participates in the identification of the security requirements and the definition of the architecture, as well as their validation (WP1, WP2, WP5, WP7).
The Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS provides application-orientated solutions for partners in industry, research and public administration. Developments in BERCOM concentrate on the integration of eMBMS (Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service), which allows to use broadcast and multicast services on the radio cell level. The toolkits Open5GMTC and Open5Gcore offer an experimental platform for realizing demonstration scenarios.
Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB) is the home of the Horst Görtz Institute (HGI), one of Europe's largest university-based institutions for interdisciplinary research in the field of IT security. The BERCOM project is associated with the Chair for Systems Security at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology. The focus of RUB in the BERCOM project is IT and communication security, in particular the security analysis of LTE communications and LTE devices.
TU Dortmund University (TUDO) provides the project’s spokesperson. The Communication Networks Institute (CNI) focusses its activities on the development, implementation and performance evaluation of novel communication solutions. Software-Defined Networking and LTE edge-cloud services are central aspects of TU Dortmund’s contribution within the BERCOM project.
The Institute for High Voltage Technology (IFHT) will be working on the BERCOM project on behalf of the RWTH Aachen University. The IFHT is one of the leading scientific institutions in the field of energy research in Germany and addresses topics ranging from classical high voltage components to the European energy supply system. With its research expertise in power systems RWTH Aachen contributes primarily to the energy-system related tasks and the interdisciplinary demonstration and hardening.
P3 energy & storage GmbH (P3ene) focuses on retroactive effects due to attacks on information and communication systems of critical infrastructures. Therefore the definition of a resilient system architecture considering the characteristics of todays and future energy infrastructure is essential. The security concepts developed in BERCOM project will be integrated into a simulator and attacks on critical infrastructure communications will be performed. P3ene provides inside knowledge on SOTA and future power systems in all phases of the project.
AIRBUS Defence & Space is a division of the AIRBUS Group responsible for defence and aerospace products and services. AIRBUS is Europe’s premier aerospace and defense player. In terms of market share, AIRBUS is one of the top two manufacturers of commercial aircraft, civil helicopters, commercial space launchers and missiles. AIRBUS is also a leading supplier of military aircraft, satellites and defense electronics.
NAVECOM is a French SME specialized into NAVigation & COMmunication engineering. For maritime navigation, NAVECOM has contributed to a few bridge assistance software packages (ASTROLAB, AMILCANTARAT, NAVHYB). In telecommunication, NAVECOM was a pioneer for V2V direct mode, in UHF-EHF using TDMA with a statistical synchronization. NAVECOM is presently working on the potential use of TD-LTE and D2D extensions for ITS and Railways, as a successor of GSM-R and proprietary technologies. In BERCOM project, NAVECOM focuses on WP1 and WP2, mainly in Transport and Water domains; a little about scenarios as derived from Energy ones.
PSI AG with its electrical energy department contributes knowhow for electrical grids and SCADA/DMS and SCADA/EMS control centers in WP2, focuses in WP3 on interdependency aspects between electrical grid and critical communication and supports WP4 and WP5 with practical knowledge about industrial control systems. PSI will also contribute a demo SCADA/DMS system for demonstrator in WP6 to the BERCOM project.
WSB Service focuses on communication technologies used for wind and solar parks due to its experience in operation management and contributes to the live demonstrator test in a real test environment. We manage a comprehensive process, beginning with project planning (realised by partner companies of the WSB group), technical and commercial management through to on-site service and maintenance of energy generation facilities.
(*) WSB has withdrawn his services by the end of 2016
Air-Lynx SAS is a French company that designs and manufactures private 4G LTE networks dedicated to professional use. Such networks are self-consistent solutions that can be used for critical site audio, video and data communications. In BERCOM Air-Lynx contributes to LTE communications related research works with a specific focus on demonstration platform.
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) is the French coordinator of the project. CEA focuses on the definition of preventive and reactive security solutions at physical and network layers, as well as on the use of SDN-based mechanisms for network management and resilience.
Stadtwerk Haßfurt GmbH, founded in 1955, is the municipal multi-utility supplying company of the administrative district of Haßfurt, providing electric energy, water, gas and heating to more than 10.000 households, companies and public buildings.
Stadtwerke Kelheim GmbH & Co KG, founded in 1902, is the municipal multi-utility supplying company of the administrative district of Kelheim, providing electric energy, water, gas and heating to more than 20.000 households, companies and public buildings.


23 Октомври 2018г.
AI, Machine Learning & Smart Technologies Software Development Conference.
The best event to learn new development skills, advance your career and make new human connections.
The Conference Will Cover The Key Topics:
- Open Source Libraries for building AI projects;
- Disruptive artificial intelligence for future transportation (self-driving cars, the new driver role in highly automated vehicles, safety etc.);
- AI for Media, Advertising and Ecommerce (How can artificial intelligence technologies be applied to deliver the right content, to target the right product or ad to the right person?);
- AI+Fintech (Neural networks, machine learning algorithms and Big Data analytics – learn the most significant AI trends for FinTech)
- Artificial Intelligence and Smart Tech in Healthcare (Real-time AI is accelerating the disruption of healthcare)
Also check our co-events Java2Days and CodeMonsters.
USA +1 650 646 8846
BG +359 877 000 777, 0894 772258


With the recent acquisition of Presenso Ltd., a company specializing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) based predictive maintenance software, SKF enables manufacturing companies to automatically detect and respond to deviations that were previously difficult to detect without using data scientists. Presenso’s expertise strengthens the range of SKF’s Rotating Equipment Performance approach.
Artificial Intelligence will change the way industry views reliability and make AI an integrated part of production. This webinar informs you what this can mean for your organization.
This webinar is in English, so feel free to invite your foreign colleagues. This webinar is free of charge of course.
Speaker: Ophir Glazer (AI Office Sales Director, SKF Israel)
Presenso is a pioneer in the application of Artificial Intelligence for predictive Asset Management.Advanced Deep Learning and Machine Learning algorithms analyze assets sensor behavior and automatically detect abnormalities and patterns within them. Ophir will guide you through the opportuities for Maintenance.


Features of Our Mini Mag Flashlight Bulbs
The design of such mini mag flashlight bulbs avoided the effect of the different sizes of retaining collars on Maglite flashlights. In order to match most kinds of torches, these bulbs do not need to use the original retaining collar of the flashlights.
Overheat Protection LED application technology is to solve the stability of the power supply and heat dissipation. Affected by the high temperature, the service life of LED will be shortened rapidly, even products can be damaged. This bulb in creased the heat dissipation of the metal as much as possible, and was equipped with overheat protection circuit in its small space. It can control the bulb temperature in a reasonable range to protect the operating stability of it. Thereby reach the highest brightness. What’s more, the bulbs have been inserted in wide voltage LED constant-current circuit, and can be operated in wide voltage range. Their brightness is stable within the working voltage. The inserted LED constant-current circuit can unreservedly exhaust all the electricity in the batteries. It can extend the lifespan of the batteries, and achieved the purpose of energy saving.
We also have reverse polarity protection in the mini mag flashlight bulbs so that they do not burn out even if the power supply is connected reversely. In this situation, users just need to change the direction of the positive and negative pole of the batteries, then the bulb can return to work.


In our previous blog post we introduced some of the reasons Liv Systems are interested in exploring the use of AR to assist wayfinding in built environments and gave a brief overview of our own internal research project on this topic.
In this post we’ll discuss how AR aligns with some of the wider developments in emerging digital technologies and the types of user experience they enable.
We are currently living in exciting times in terms of the developments in a number of emerging digital technologies, in particular AR, VR and AI.
These technologies have had their ups and downs over the years and both VR and AI suffered from some false starts, possibly due to being over-hyped, especially in the case of AI, together with earlier limitations in computer processing power. Yet even during the ‘AI winter’ research on AI progressed and thanks to greatly improved computing power over the last 2 decades, together with the new approach to AI in the form of neural networks, AI is now having an enormous impact. VR is also showing far more promise than before, thanks to the advances in computer graphics made possible by improvements in graphics processor units (GPUs) which have been largely driven by the computer gaming industry. AR has as yet to have an equally big impact, yet the technology driving it is mostly the same as that required for VR and AR is starting to be used for a number of enterprise applications as well as to a more limited extent in the consumer market (for instance with the huge popularity of ‘Pokémon Go’).
These technologies should be of great interest to human factors and UX (user experience) professionals, as they are set to fundamentally transform how we interact with the digital world and in the case of AR, even transform how we interact with the real world.
They will achieve this transformation through greatly increasing the bandwidth of the human-system interface. This will be accomplished by providing the basis for a move towards what has become known as ‘Zero UI’. A better phrase might be ‘invisible UI’ as the concept behind Zero UI is that the user interacts directly with digital information and only has minimal awareness of the graphical user interface (GUI) and physical devices required to achieve that interaction. The user interface therefore becomes in essence, invisible.
A well-known example of Zero UI from popular culture is ‘Jarvis’ from the film Iron Man. Jarvis is Tony Stark’s Virtual Personal Assistant (VPA) and AR based system.
Of course Jarvis packs a lot of cinematic wow factor and real world Zero UI is not likely to be as spectacular, however Jarvis does present a vision of how interaction with information systems can be provided in the future by interacting directly with digital information which is both presented as visually overlaid onto the real world view and through natural language based interaction with an AI driven virtual personal assistant.
Natural language UIs are already in widespread use, with the popularity of Alexa, Siri and Google Assistant, in addition to the increasing use of ‘Chatbots’. These systems have been made possible thanks to a combination of greatly improved natural language processing (enabled by improvements in AI based pattern recognition) together with the neural network based AI which has enabled these systems to get better and better at responding appropriately to our verbal requests.
Whilst people may have at first felt a bit weird about talking to their computers or smart phones, the enormous popularity of stand-alone devices, such as the Amazon Echo and the Google Home demonstrates that many of us do like talking to our computers after all!
When natural language systems perform effectively, they can perform a task, such as playing a song we want to hear, or provide us with some transport related information such as a journey plan, based on a simple verbalised enquiry which may take just a few effortless seconds. Using a more traditional GUI based interaction, to achieve the same results may require multiple clicks, gestures and text inputs on a screen-based system, which is generally more time consuming and requires greater cognitive effort. In contrast merely talking to a computer is more intuitive, less effortful and requires virtually no computer literacy. Hence ironically the more advanced UIs become and the more we move towards achieving Zero UI systems, the more accessible such systems may become to the less tech savvy.
Another big advantage of Zero UI is it will allow us to escape from our screens whilst retaining the rapid access to the digital world we have become accustomed to. Optimists may hope this will enable us to engage more with the real world around us again. Such optimism could prove unfounded, but at least we may be less likely to carelessly step out in front of traffic or walk into lamp posts or each other! Also, it will give our eyes a much needed rest.
In our next blog post we’ll discuss what AR’s contributions are likely to be within this wider context of emerging technologies, the technology hardware used for AR and some of the possible application areas of AR.
We’d be delighted to hear from you if you’d like to discuss any of these topics with us, share ideas or find out more about our work.
Here at Liv Systems we’re currently running an internal project investigating the use of Augmented Reality (AR) as an aid to wayfinding within built environments. AR will assist wayfinding by overlaying digital navigational information onto the real-world view. This is part of our wider strategy to explore the applications and User Experience (UX) of emerging digital technologies, in particular AR, Virtual Reality (VR) and AI.
As such we’ll be running a series of blog posts related to how we believe AR can be used as a powerful and intuitive tool to aid wayfinding within built environments, transforming the task of finding our way around such environments from the disorientating and stressful experience it often is, with the current reliance on signage, or use of map based navigation apps, to a far less frustrating, greatly simplified task.
We’ll be approaching this topic not only from the point of view of the technology solutions available, but also based on a focus on the cognitive aspects of human navigation and the UX issues associated with designing effective AR navigation aids.
Simplifying the wayfinding task in unfamiliar environments, will benefit a wide range of users, including users with impairments which may make wayfinding particularly challenging. For instance, a wide range of cognitive impairments, including impairments associated with early stage dementia, together with other issues such as autism spectrum disorder and some anxiety related conditions can make wayfinding in unfamiliar environments enormously difficult and stressful. In fact deterioration of navigation ability is known to be one of the earliest signs of dementia and as such tests of navigation skills, using VR environments, are now being introduced as a method of early warning detection of the onset of dementia.
Such cognitive impairments and neurological or psychological conditions, effectively act as a barrier for many people to making journeys to destinations in which they feel they may encounter such situations. For this reason, in addition to being of great benefit to us all, AR assisted navigation offers the promise of removing barriers to travel for many people and allowing them to retain their independence.
I am an active participant in the ‘Cognitive Navigation’ (CogNav) Special Interest Group https://rin.org.uk/page/CogNav of the Royal Institute of Navigation. The CogNav group is chaired by Professor Kate Jeffery, who is a behavioural neuroscientist at UCL specialising in the neuroscience of navigation. The CogNav group brings together academics and industry professionals from a variety of backgrounds including, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, industrial design, human factors and architecture, with the aim to better understand the cognitive aspects of human navigation so as to best design solutions to assist that.
As a result of my involvement in the CogNav group Liv Systems are able to bring the latest knowledge and research findings in this area to our exploration of the use of AR for wayfinding.
AR can be used to assist wayfinding in any large, complex built environment and the wider urban realm. Large built environments that can pose significant wayfinding issues include shopping malls, hospitals, museums, rail stations and airports.
We have already produced some early stage prototypes for concept development and are now in the process of developing a fully interactive navigational AR prototype. We are planning on conducting user research with our AR prototype within a large shopping mall in the near future.
In our next blog post we’ll discuss how AR fits into the wider context of emerging digital technologies and how these technologies may provide the basis for a form of user interaction that has become known as ‘Zero UI’.
Please get in touch if you are interested in our work in this area and would like to know more.


Knowledge of magneto coil
A magneto coil is an electrical conductor, such as a coil, helix, or helix. Magneto coils are used in electrical engineering. In application, current interacts with magnetic field. The current generates a magnetic field through the wire of the magneto coil, and vice versa.
A magneto coil is an electrical conductor, such as a coil, helix, or helix. Magneto coils are used in electrical engineering. In application, current interacts with magnetic field. The current generates a magnetic field through the wire of the magneto coil, and vice versa. The electromotive force is generated in the conductor through the external time-varying magnetic field inside the coil.
Because of Ampere's law, the current flowing through any conductor will generate a circular magnetic field around the conductor. The advantage of using the coil shape of magneto is that it can increase the magnetic field strength at a given current. The magnetic field generated by the separated turns passes through the center of the coil and is added (superimposed) at the center to generate a strong magnetic field. The more wire turns of magneto coil, the stronger magnetic field will be generated. On the contrary, due to Faraday's law of induction, changing the external magnetic flux will induce a voltage in a conductor (such as a wire). Since the magnetic lines of force intersect the circuit many times, the induced voltage can be increased by winding the wires into coils.
The direction of the magnetic field generated by the magneto coil can be determined by the right hand grip rule. If the finger of the right hand wraps around the core of the coil in the direction that the normal current passes through the wire, the thumb will point to the direction that the magnetic field wire passes through the coil. The core end of the magnetic field line is defined as the North Pole.
Many magneto coils have a magnetic core with an iron sheet similar to ferromagnetic material in the center, thus increasing the magnetic field. The current through the coil increases the magnetic field of iron magnetization and magnetized material to the magnetic field generated by the conductor. This is called a ferromagnetic core or core coil. Compared with the case without magnetic core, ferromagnetic core can increase the magnetic field and inductance of magneto coil hundreds or thousands of times. Ferrite core coil is a kind of magneto coil with ferrite core. Ferrite is a kind of ferrite ceramic compound. Ferrite coil has low iron loss at high frequency. The iron core constitutes a closed-loop coil, in which there may be some narrow air gaps, which is called a closed-loop coil. By providing a closed path for the field lines, this geometry can reduce the magnetoresistance and generate a strong magnetic field.
A magneto coil without a ferromagnetic core is called a hollow core coil. This includes coils wound in plastic or other non-magnetic form, and magneto coils that actually have cavities in their windings.


high voltage technologywith secure connections to the future
STRUNK ensures safe connections in HEV, BEV, FCEV
About 10 years ago we designed the first connection technology for geared motors together with an OEM. From this the E-Traction / Powertrain division developed for geared motors in the “E-Mobility” area, which extends to fully automated production. Furthermore, our applications in the area of HEV, BEV, FCEV include:
- Power distribution (power distribution) via BUS bar on-board networks and power distributors
Connections of connector systems to high-voltage lines
- Butt welded connections and overlapping welded connections from BUSBARS to cables and braids for module connectors of the individual high-voltage storage units
- Connections in the high-voltage on-board network from the battery to the inverter or from the inverter to the electric machine through to the phase connection in the assembly.
- Connections in the ECU’s
- Traction distributor
- Connection technology in the gear motor (phases and star points) as well as connection to current rings
In general, this area involves welding high-voltage connector systems to high-voltage lines (HV lines) with cross-sections from 25 to 120 mm² for cable connector systems or BUS bars and traction distribution systems for four-wheel-driven e-mobility up to a cross-section of 300 mm².
Absolute reproducibility in the connection is of the utmost importance, since there is a risk of fire in the event of a field failure. For this case, we have developed systems for welding under hard solder, which enable fully automatic production including monitoring.
The specially designed STRUNK-MES software ensures individual product-related traceability. This provides the required data by networking the systems in individual production steps within the automated production in an SQL database or uploads the customer-specific data to the customer’s own MES system.
In the field of e-drives from HEV, BEV, FCEV, connections can be made with wound stators or hairpin stators. The wound stators are firmly connected using hot crimping technology and the hairpin stators using brazing solder.
High-voltage cable set and module connector
Cable and non-ferrous metal connections in electric vehicles must be designed for the conditions of high current loads. The contact resistance at the connections must be close to zero. If this is not guaranteed, the resulting heat build-up (hot spots) which then lead to field failure as the resistance continues to rise. The aim is therefore to ensure transmission is as loss-free as possible. In addition, the mechanical holding forces are extremely important here, so that no high-resistance effect or even a loosening of the connection can occur even under mechanical stress and environmental stress. In these cases, our technologies offer you the opportunity to achieve secure and demonstrably long-term stable connections even under high loads.
In the area of high-voltage technology, Strunk develops and manufactures technologies for you for the following areas of application:
- E-traction: everything related to the drive train, e.g. B. Welding the phase connections and star points,
- Connections to stators using winding and hairpin technology,
- Connection technology for rotors,
- Connection technology in assembly (phase connection to terminal board),
- Power Distribution / BUS-Bars / Lead Frames: high-voltage electrical systems, BUS-Bar electrical systems,
- High-voltage storage systems: Development of new technologies for battery cell connectors (HV cable set),
- HV connection technology from high-voltage cables to HV connectors,
- AC / DC charging systems,
- Pyro fuse.
In the area of HV cabling, we can carry out welding under hard solder as an overlapping process or as a butt welding process.
(Individual customer solution as an example)
BusBar welding machine under braze
Flexible manual welding system for connections under hard solder in the field of power distribution. Connections from BusBars to connection elements (HV contacts), BusBars to HV lines and pigtails possible. The narrow design and the tools that can be changed quickly enable the production of busbars with difficult geometries. A flexible STRUNK servo hard solder supply with integrated monitoring can be connected at a wide range of angles on the right and left. Furthermore, a 0° STRUNK SERVO braze feed unit enables different braze widths to be fed through the welding unit. A conversion kit for compacting cables and pigtails up to 120mm² is also available. The facility is via camera or DMC for full traceablitly capable. Can be connected to STRUNK MES or customer MES systems.
Double-head transfer as a semi-automatic for HV contacts
Flexible semi-automatic welding cell with transfer for compacting under brazing solder and welding the compacted wire to a HV contact. By compacting under hard solder and automatically translating the compacted line, the most precise dimensions and reproducibility are achieved. A set-up process for a different HV contact is completed in the shortest possible time by simply exchanging the weld nest. The gripping systems have NOK cutters and the system is camera or DMC capable for full traceability. Can be connected to STRUNK MES or customer MES systems. Area of application from 6-95mm².
Welding cell with S-MMD3-150 for connecting HV cables to terminals, bus bars and HV contactors
Manual welding cell with automatic STRUNK SERVO brazing alloy feed built on quick-change couplings. Tools on quick-change plates for quick conversion to another application. The facility is camera or DMC capable for full traceability.
Semi-automatic welding system for stator production
Semi-automatic welding system for stator production with multiple gun system for different welding tasks (hot crimping and welding under hard solder). The facility is camera or DMC capable for full traceability. Can be connected to STRUNK MES or customer MES systems.
Double-head compacting plant under hard solder for the production of different cross-sections
Customer-specific semi-automatic for compacting under hard solder of different cross-sections for later welding on BUSBAR systems. The production takes place in the ONE PIECE FLOW sequentially with a subsequent automatic welding process. The compaction under hard solder enables the welding process in tight spaces and multiple welding points. The facility is camera or DMC capable for full traceability.
Double head transfer as a semi-automatic for HV contacts
Flexible semi-automatic welding cell with transfer for compacting under brazing solder and welding the compacted wire to a HV contact. The most precise dimensions and reproducibility are achieved by compacting under hard solder and automatically translating the compacted line. A set-up process for a different HV contact is completed in the shortest possible time by simply exchanging the weld nest. The gripping systems have NOK cutters and the system is camera or DMC capable for full traceability. Can be connected to STRUNK MES or customer MES systems. This system also has an optionally selectable contact part feed.
Fully automatic system in turntable design for BusBar connections under hard solder with robot
Special system as a fully automatic device for power distributors (BUSBARS) to contacts. The components are handled and positioned by robots mounted on the ceiling. The facility is camera or DMC capable for full traceability. Can be connected to STRUNK MES or customer MES systems.
Fully automatic machine for welding phase connections and star points on stators
The system is designed for standing stators on tool carrier systems. It has a STRUNK servo rotary / lifting unit as well as a portal system with servo X / Y / Z infeed. The 4-axis machine can thus reach and process all positions on a pallet.


Structure Sensor Pro: Everything you need to know
With the launch of the new Structure Sensor Pro, we see many questions rising among our users. Do you have to upgrade and buy the new one? Do you have to update your firmware? Which iPads are compatible with the new scanner?
Here are the most frequently asked questions, answered for you.
The new Structure Sensor Pro. Credit : Occipital.
Original Structure Sensor, Structure Sensor Mark II and Structure Sensor Pro. What are the differences?
The original Structure Sensor (ST01 or sometimes called Mark I) was the first device designed to work with an iPad launched by Occipital. It offered great accuracy and is easily recognizable by its bright blue color. You can get more information about the original Structure Sensor here.
The Structure Sensor Mark II was the second generation of scanner from Occipital. Combined with our powerful solutions, TechMed customers achieved great results, allowing them to fabricate amazing and perfect-fitting products their customers and patients loved. You can get more information about the Structure Sensor Mark II here.
The Structure Sensor Pro is the newest iPad scanner from Occipital. It replaces the Mark II and has been designed specifically for healthcare. As Occipital sold all of their Mark II supplies, . You can get more information on the Structure Sensor Pro here.
No matter what model you are using, our solutions support all 3 devices.
Should I upgrade and buy the new Structure Sensor Pro?
There is no good or bad answer to this. TechMed 3D supports all 3 devices through its mobile apps. So, whether you have the original Structure Sensor (ST01 or sometimes called Mark I), the Structure Sensor Mark II or the new Structure Sensor Pro, you will be able to enjoy all 3DsizeMe or My3DsizeMe features.
But if you are still satisfied of your actual device, you will still be able to use it and you will achieve the same great results you are used to.
consistent and accurate results, it may be for .
Do I need to update my firmware?
Firmware update 1.2 and up only apply to the Structure Sensor Mark II and the new Structure Sensor Pro. It does not apply to the original Structure Sensor (ST01 or sometimes called Mark I). There is no new firmware to upgrade on them.
If you own a Structure Sensor Mark II or Structure Sensor Pro, you can learn how to upgrade your firmware here.
I’d like to buy the Structure Sensor Mark II. Is it still possible?
No. Unfortunately, Occipital sold it only while supplies lasted. It is no longer available. The good news: you can enjoy the improvements on the new Structure Sensor Pro, built for the healthcare industry!
I need a new iPad. Which ones are compatible?
Even if you own an original Structure Sensor or Structure Sensor Mark II, we suggest buying an iPad that you won’t need to replace if you buy the Structure Sensor Pro eventually. Buying a second-hand iPad may be tempting to save money and protect the environment. , just make sure you will choose an iPad that will last as long as pos.
A complete and up to date list of compatible iPads is available here.
I didn’t find the answer I was looking for. Can you help me?
TechMed’s experienced team is available to answer your questions and guide you through your transition if needed. Contact us directly if you need further assistance.
You can also get more information on Occipital’s official website here.


Views: 60 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-03-26 Origin: Site
This is the concept map of our blue light deodorant stick 3d model, from here we can directly see the design parts of this product and how the blue light is exported. The focus of our product design is that installing blue light can sterilize and allow the product to penetrate deeply into the skin to help absorb it.
The blue light deodorant stick container is designed with a conversion rod, whose function is to attenuate the energy of blue light after multiple refraction, thereby reducing the damage of the high energy in the blue light to the eyes and skin。 Only the action of the low-energy part of the blue light is used to kill the “super bacterial" film on the surface of the skin's epidermis. So as to make the user experience comfortable and let the skin absorb effectively.


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The Report Titled on “Global Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market Size, Status and Forecast 2019-2025” is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Artificial Intelligence in IoT industry with a focus on the market Overview, Classification, Industry Value, Price, Cost and Gross Profit. This Artificial Intelligence in IoT market report enhanced on worldwide competition by topmost prime manufactures like (IBM, Microsoft, Google, PTC, AWS, Oracle, GE, Salesforce, SAP, Hitachi, Uptake, SAS, Autoplant Systems India Pvt. Ltd., Kairos, Softweb Solutions, Arundo, C3 IoT, Anagog, Thingstel, Imagimob) which providing information such as Company Profiles, Product Picture and Specification, Capacity, Production, Cost, Revenue and Contact Information. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Artificial Intelligence in IoT market manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2014-2025 global Artificial Intelligence in IoT market covering all important parameters.
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In-Depth Qualitative Analyses Include Identification and Investigation Of The Following Aspects: Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market Structure, Growth Drivers, Restraints and Challenges, Emerging Product Trends & Market Opportunities, Porter’s Fiver Forces.
Instantaneous of Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market: The Artificial Intelligence in IoT market report analyzes the opportunities in the global market, analyzing the data on a historical basis, estimated data for 2017, and forecasted data till the year 2022. Market analysis includes data in terms of both, value (US$) and volume (MT). The market outlook of the Artificial Intelligence in IoT market report covers feed industry overview, global Artificial Intelligence in IoT industry outlook, macroeconomic outlook, and forecasted factors.
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
⦿ Software Solutions
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Artificial Intelligence in IoT market for each application, including-
⦿ Energy and Utilities
⦿ Transportation and Mobility
⦿ Financial Services
⦿ and Insurance
⦿ Government and Defense
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Key Queries Answered Within the Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market Report:-
Analysts of the report centered on respondent some key questions on Artificial Intelligence in IoT market. This can be to assist readers gain clear information regarding growth within the Artificial Intelligence in IoT market, and what are the continued changes happening which will diversify the market within the returning years.
❶ What are the Foremost Recent Advanced Technologies Adopted by Artificial Intelligence in IoT?
❷ How are the Recent Trends Poignant Growth within the World Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market?
❸ What are the Key Methods Employed by Players and Repair Suppliers That Are Expected to Impact the Expansion of the Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market?
❹ What are the Resources Out There in Various Regions That Attract Leading Players within the Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market?
❺ What Was the Historical Price and What is Going to be the Forecast Price of the Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market?
Artificial Intelligence in IoT Market: Regional analysis includes:
- Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)
- Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.)
- North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada.)
- South America (Brazil etc.)
- The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt.)
Mr. Nachiket Ghumare,
USA-Canada Toll Free: 866-997-4948
Email: [email protected]
Browse More Reports Visit @ https://bit.ly/2Sepby2


Updated JULY 18, 2014
Updated August 10, 2014
Updated October 10, 2014
Updated November 28, 2014
Updated March 24, 2015
"Science is the belief in the ignorance of the experts."
- Richard P. Feynman
"Rational skepticism is the foundation of Science."
- Any real scientist
Climate change is inevitable.
Statistical inference is the enemy of causality.
- The Management
We are very far from the knowledge needed to make good climate policy, writes leading scientist Steven E. Koonin
Leading American Scientist Steven E. Koonin writes about fundamental problems inherent to Climate Models. Echos criticism of Climate Models we have identified for some years in this blog.
The fact that IPCC climate models have failed to accurately forecast the climate is a huge problem for the credibility of Climate Science.
Published in Synthetic Information May 11, 2013
Published in Synthetic Information October 8, 2013
ABSTRACT and INTRO
Scientists Use the Scientific Method:
This procedure of testing predictions of theory by experiments, so as to provide rigorous re-confirmation of predictive accuracy, is known as the scientific method. The scientific method is the means of progress in the natural sciences. If you are not using the scientific method, you are not doing science.
"Extraordinary claims, as the saying almost goes, demand more scrutiny than usual to make sure they stand up. That is how science works. Claim and counter-claim: intellectual thrust and experimental parry." REF: Nature October 14, 2014
The scientific method applied to climate models
In order to apply the scientific method to climate models, we must identify the hypothesis being tested when we compare climate observations with the predictions of climate models. Not as easy as it sounds.
Existing climate models can be used to forecast the climate accurately.
Scientific Test Procedure for climate models:
Obtain climate model predictions for the evolution of climate observables over some future time interval.
Wait around while observers (experimentalists) collect accurate data over the time interval. (assumes observers use accurate calibrated monitors for the quantities being measured, and that they don't fudge the data)
Compare data collected
(values obtained for measured observables during the time interval of interest)
to predicted values of those observables over the same time interval.
If the comparison shows the model's prediction deviated significantly from the observed data over the time interval, the climate model being tested is invalidated. Hence, the hypothesis:
"Climate models can accurately forecast the climate (over the stated time interval)"
would be disproved.
Notice that the hypothesis we can test is not this:
"Does human activity cause future global warming?"
Instead it's this:
"Did the climate model being tested accurately predict the future of the climate (as claimed by its proponents) or not?"
If a climate model prediction is contraindicated by the data, the model is considered invalidated, and the hypothesis is disproved.
Back to climate theory and climate models...
In clear distinction to physical systems described so accurately by the above theories from physics, the earth's climate has no such rigorous testable theory. Why is that? Good question.
Part of the Answer:
Unlike the above mentioned physical theories, controlled experiments are not available to test climate theories. Why not? Well, we do not have sufficient control over the enormous collection of variables required to determine the state of the earth's climate. This limits or precludes controlled repeatable experiments of the sort needed to test climate theories. Simply put, controlled experiments cannot be done on the earth's climate.
The Other Part of the Answer:
We scientists do not have a rigorous causal theory of the earth's climate. More on causality in physical theories later.
What?? You mean we have no way to test a global climate theory, even if we had a global climate theory, which we don't? Yeah, that's exactly what I mean. Deal with it.
Ok, given that we don't have controlled climate experiments, nor a rigorous causal climate theory, what do we have instead? Well, we have climate models.
Right. So what are climate models? Read on.
Models of the sort used by the climate modelers play a rather minor role in the hard sciences. That's why you don't hear much about models or modeling in the hard sciences. Modeling is generally viewed as a low level activity mainly useful for analysis of experimental data. It comes as no surprise to scientists that climate models are so often wrong, and so often modified.
Further, we identify a few commonly encountered misapplications of climate modeling as currently practiced.
Central Problem, a Question and DiscussionPerhaps the central problem with climate models is that they do not obey physical causality.
What is meant by the term physical causality? Why is it bad for a model or theory to disobey it?
Read on for more on these questions, but first:
We ask the question:
Is the methodology of climate modeling fundamentally unsound?
Further, we examine the track record of climate forecasting models. Over the past two decades substantial new climate data has become available from accurate sophisticated monitoring and imaging systems. We will highlight global sea ice measurements made by modern satellite imaging systems.
Importantly, these new data were acquired after climate modelers made their predictions about sea ice. More generally, climate forecasting models are now subject to a host of new critical tests. Did their widely publicized predictions come true? How badly have climate model forecasts missed the mark?
In science, if model disagrees with new data in any significant way, that is, if a model forecast or prediction is contraindicated by new data, the model is invalid, or just plain wrong. Maybe the model can be fixed up, and maybe not. When model predictions exhibit significant long term divergence from new data, it's a strong indication that the underlying methodology of the model is fundamentally unsound. That's how the scientific method works for models of observable quantities.
In scientific modeling, new models are always suspect. Old models can be valid, but only if they are validated by new data. Further, valid old models that diverge from new data become invalid old models. The scientific method requires rather stringent conditions be met by models, and models are happily discarded if they don't make the grade. If something is learned from the erroneous model, we have scientific progress.
In climate modeling, new models are bad unless proved good by experiment. That is, new models have no scientific standing or claim to validity until validated by actual observed agreement with future data. The graveyards of science are filled by new models that subsequently failed to pass rigorous testing and repeated confirmation by experiments.
Should the Lemon Law Apply to Climate Models?When climate models are churned out annually, biannually, or multiannually, newly tweeked to fit the latest data, as new models, they have no validity. Model validity is only acquired if predictive accuracy is demonstrated over many future years, without further tweaking. Models that undergo periodic tweaking to agree with new data become little more than curve fitting exercises, no matter how fancy the graphics. This kind of ad hoc methodology amounts to little more than pure empiricism.
In science, old models may be valid or invalid. New models are always invalid (or unvalidated) until tested. They may become validated after they demonstrate substantial agreement with new data (i.e. data collected after the release date of the model in question.)
Climate modelers are in an embarrassing situation. Searching questions about the validity of the climate modeling industry are being asked. Is the climate modeling process fundamentally flawed? Is climate modeling a lemon?
When we purchase a new car that breaks down, and is generally unreliable during the next year after purchase or repair, the car is considered a lemon and can't be fixed. We have legal grounds to return the car to the manufacturer and get our money back.
If a pharmaceutical company comes up with a new drug, how do we consumers know it's effective and safe? We don't, nor does anyone else know. We only find out by clinical trials over many months or years that confirm effectiveness and safety.
Like new untested drugs, new climate models should be considered unusable until thoroughly tested and proved effective over time. If we hold climate models to this clinical standard, well...the old models didn't make it through clinical testing, and new ad hoc models probably won't either.
For climate models, a miss (systematic divergence from new data) is as good as a mile (total invalidation.)
Our broker would say: It's probably time to sell climate modeling short. Take the loss, and get out of that position.
BACKGROUND: Extravagant Claims of Predictive Accuracy
Recall that the proponents of climate models themselves made repeated extravagant claims of the predictive accuracy of their models. Extravagant claims of predictive accuracy must be backed up by extraordinary agreement with future data. For the climate modelers, a miss is as good as a mile.
What is Global Average Temperature?
Real Scientists know this about GAT:
Global Average Temperature is not a measure of the heat content of the Earth's atmosphere. Nor is it a valid thermodynamic quantity. It turns out that changes in Global Average Temperature do not tell us how much heating or cooling is occurring in the atmosphere.
(A bit technical, but here is a brief description of the difficulty.)
The Earth's atmosphere is not in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, hence the rigorous physical theory of heat, Thermodynamics, does not apply to the Earth's atmosphere. This means that Thermodynamic formulas cannot be applied to the atmosphere as a whole. Hence there is no rigorous theory of the heat content of the atmosphere as a whole.
Instead of thermodynamics what do we have?
In order to make progress, fluid theory makes use of an assumption called local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). LTE is not a bad approximation in much of the atmosphere, but not so good at high altitudes. Most physicists would be inclined to accept the validity of LTE in the atmosphere and perhaps rely on fluid transport equations for modeling purposes. However, there is a non-trivial difficulty in the fluid equation approach in the case of earth's atmosphere.
In LTE systems thermodynamics is valid locally, (in small volumes of gas inwhich the temperature is constant throughout), the amount of heat in such a small volume of atmospheric gas is not given solely by the local temperature.
Instead, one needs the local temperature and a quantity known as the local specific heat of the atmospheric gas. The product of local temperature, gas density, and local specific heat yields a measure of the total heat content of a small local volume of the atmosphere.
However, we don't really measure the heat content of the Earth's atmosphere, nor do we know it as a function of time.
The heat content of a local sample of the atmosphere is dependent on the local specific heat per particle, on the local composition of gas species in the atmosphere, and on many other variables including the local composition of clouds, water vapor, dust, and the like.
This presents a problem for climate models. The values of this local specific heat, and local atmospheric composition are not known (measured) throughout the real atmosphere of the Earth. The local heat content depends on many variables, not all of which are measured or known accurately everywhere in the atmosphere.
More on this later, as space permits...
The Fallacy of Proxy TimeFallacy: noun
An example of sketchy methodology used in climate modeling is the use of proxy time in animations.
How is proxy time used?
Many climate models make use of an artificial time variable, sometimes called proxy time.
Proxy time is used like this: A sequence of static images are attached to an artificial time variable. When the sequence of images are played back, one has what appears to be a time dependent animation.
Why is this is a risky procedure?
It's risky and misleading because the real time dependence of the system being modeled need not follow the animation. Such models do not obey strict causality (they are non-causal models) even though they may be made to appear causal when animated using proxy time.
Proxy time animations generate pretty pictures that have no causal interrelationship. That's dangerous and (often) misleading to the viewer. Such animations need not follow the actual time evolution of the real physical system being modeled. They give a fake future of the system being modeled.
Animations of an anvil falling on the Coyote do not accurately simulate a real anvil falling on a real Coyote.
Climate model animations using proxy time might appropriately be called Climatoons or Proxytimeatoons.
Proxy time Climatoons are not educational, cool, cute, or funny. They are misleading to the uninformed, and of little scientific value.
Don't be fooled by Climatoons.
Climate Models and Climate Forecasting
Over the past few decades substantial new climate data has been accumulated using sophisticated monitoring and imaging technology. This new and extensive climate data present more rigorous tests of the widely announced predictions of climate models. It is now clear that new climate data accumulated 1995-2013, when compared to predictions of pre-1995 climate models show that those models have often (nearly always) diverged significantly from the real climate.
In the following, we compare a few egregious climate model predictions to new data, and explain our view that the methodology used in climate models is inherently flawed.
Climate forecasting models and their failures.
What about sea level rise?
Here's the latest data, and it's really impressive.
What data is plotted in this graph?
Some observations on these data:
First, the maximum north polar sea ice coverage occurs in the month of March, and the maximum area of coverage ranges from roughly 10.5 to 11.5 million km^2. The minimum sea ice coverage occurs in the month of September, and the minimum sea ice coverage area ranges from roughly 2.5 to 4.3 million km^2. Every year the sea ice area cycles between these maxima and minima in March and September.
Second, we observe that the north polar sea ice coverage over 2013 (black curve) is generally higher or comparable to the average of years 2005 through 2012.
Third, in the month of October 2013 the measured arctic sea ice extent is relatively larger than all previous year's October coverage. That is, arctic sea ice reached record high levels in October 2013, according to month-on-month comparisons over available data from previous years (2005-2012.)
First, it is clear that many of the highly publicized IPCC climate model predictions about polar ice cap meltdown or steady year-on-year sea ice reductions did not occur.
Of course, models can be tweeked, modified or otherwise fixed up after they fail. When modelers do this in a way that agrees with the latest data, we have a new model. After such ad hoc fixes, the new models are considered invalid until they demonstrate significant long term agreement with new data, without further tweeking.
More on proxy time:
The parameter representing time, the time variable, does not appear in the physical theory of thermodynamics. One has thermodynamic state variables, but no time variable. Further, many climate simulation models do not support a time variable at all. For example, steady state flow models of the earth's ocean and atmosphere solve a set of equilibrium equations (with boundary) that do not have time as a variable.
How can such models having no time variable, be used to predict the future time evolution of the system?
Many such models make use of an artificial time or proxy time. Some quantity that varies monotonically with time, is used as a substitute for the time variable.
For, example, during time periods where atmospheric CO2 concentration is increasing steadily (monotonically) with time, one can plot model output as a function of CO2 concentration. Some modelers convert the independent variable from CO2 concentration to a proxy time variable in order to plot the model output as a function of proxy time.
Successful Non-causal Models Exist and are Especially Useful for Describing Periodic Phenomena.
Interestingly some non-causal models can exhibit excellent long term predictive capabilities in a restricted range of model parameters for simple systems. For example, Newtonian gravitational field theory coupled with classical Newtonian mechanics is a non-causal model.
Why do we say Newtonian gravity is non-causal?
The Newtonian gravitational field equations are non-causal because they exhibit instantaneous action at a distance. There are no gravitational waves or propagation speeds for changes in the Newtonian gravitational field. General relativity on the other hand, does exhibit causality, there is no "action a a distance" in general relativity. Changes in the metric propagate at the speed of light in general relativity.
Back to Newtonian Mechanics...
Further, Newtonian mechanics does not obey the rules of special relativity. Despite these problems, Newtonian mechanics can work quite well as a predictive theory.
For simple systems, e.g. planetary orbits and the like, standard Newtonian gravity and mechanics have excellent predictive capabilities and often show impressive long term agreement with measured motions of planets, asteroids, some comets, slow speed space ships, etc. In many cases, the agreement with new measurements (data) extends over many years and many orbital periods. Importantly, periodic or quasi-periodic phenomena are often well described by non-causal models.
But Newtonian mechanics does not always work. The theory is contraindicated by measurements of time evolution of the perihelion of the planet Mercury. Further, Newtonian mechanics does not work for objects having velocities approaching the speed of light. Nor does Newtonian mechanics predict the observed deflection of light by massive objects (gravitational lens effect.) Enough on Newtonian mechanics for now.
What about Southern Hemisphere Sea Ice Data?
Fig. 2 Southern Hemisphere Sea Ice Area, Seasonal Variation by Year.
This data from agencies NOAA, NSIDC, and University of Bremen. Original data plot from this site: http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/arctic.sea.ice.interactive.html
Briefly, the extensive data in this composite plot shows seasonal variations in southern hemisphere sea ice extent over 34 years from 1979 through 2013. We observe that record high sea ice extent occurred in 2013 yellow curve, and in 2012, red curve.
Of course, climate change is inevitable, but a 34 year data set is a rather small time period compared to the historic time scales of climate changes which occur on time scales of multi-decades, centuries, and millennia. The data presented in Fig. 2 indicate a rather stable climate over the timescales available so far.
Back to climate models...
Climate models used and misused to predict the future are more accurately termed climate forecasting models. Climate forecasting models get no credit for predicting the past.
Now let's examine the predictions of 73 (!) current climate forecasting models, and then compare them to real temperature data obtained for the years 1979 through 2012.
Fig.3 Comparison of Climate Models to Observations from the paper by R. Spencer et al. his Fig. 2 (reference to follow.)
What quantities are plotted in the graph shown in Fig. 3?
In the above figure atmospheric temperature measurements made over a period of 32 years are plotted as data points on the graph. These temperature data were obtained from both satellite instruments and balloon borne instruments over the decades long timescales indicated in Fig.3.
Climate model predictions are also plotted in Fig. 3 as color coded solid curves. The black curve represents the running average of all 73 models.
If these climate models were any good, they would agree with temperature measurements shown in the data plot.
Instead of good agreement with the temperature data, what we see is long term systematic divergence of all 73 climate models from the data.
Observations and Conclusions Fig. 3
Notice all models predict substantial global warming (consensus of models!) while no models agree with the real climate data. Recall that models that disagree with new data in a systematic fashion are thereby proved to be invalid.
Because the models are so bad, the obvious systematic divergences with real data can readily be seen by even the most casual inspection of Fig.3.
It's clear that all 73 climate models in the figure have been invalidated by real world temperature measurements.
Further, we can observe that the divergence-from-new-data of the above plotted climate models is in agreement with our prediction that non-causal climate models must inevitably diverge from new data. That is, climate models such as these must fail upon extrapolation into the future.
(Why are there so many distinct climate models? Hint: Such models are termed semi-empirical models. Semi-empirical models contain many adjustable parameters, aka fudge factors.)
We can summarize the predictive performance of climate models by box scores below. A model scores 1 point in the event it demonstrates significant long term agreement with the corresponding new climate data sets.
How are climate models doing?
Here are the box scores:
BOX SCORE 2013
Extravagant claims of accuracy
Inevitable failure of extrapolation
BOX SCORE 2013
IPCC climate model extrapolation accuracy: 0
Synthetic Information prediction of failure: 1
We will add further examples of failure of climate models on extrapolation as time permits.
What about modeling of much simpler systems?
How's that going?We observe that the US National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore Labs in California was extensively modeled by fluid codes that are much more sophisticated and accurate at what they do, than are climate models.
What is NIF?
The NIF generates 192 powerful laser beams of UV light that are used to compress fusion targets aka pellets and heat fusion fuel in the target so as to achieve ignition of nuclear fusion reactions. Fluid modeling codes were used to predict the performance of the NIF.
Those state of the art fluid code models were used to validate the design of the NIF, and predicted that the NIF should achieve ignition of a nuclear fusion reaction in carefully designed targets containing fusion fuel.
The NIF was constructed and put into operation a few years ago. After a year long campaign of experiments in 2012 scientists found that NIF targets did not reach ignition conditions in the lab.
The NIF is a fantastic scientific instrument for studying matter at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. The scientific value of NIF is extraordinary.
We might say that the most important science from NIF so far was the invalidation of the fluid models. Such knowledge gained by rigorous testing of model predictions by means of precise experiments is central to scientific progress.
UPDATE ON NIF: FEB 12, 2014
Lawrence Livermore NIF team announces achievement of fusion energy gain greater than unity using a redesigned laser pulse strategy.
Congratulations to the NIF team.
"Energy gain greater than unity" means fusion energy generated by the laser driven implosion of the target is greater than the energy deposited in the fusion target by the laser beam pulse. An important milestone has been reached in the quest for fusion ignition.
However, energy gain of unity is not fusion ignition. Ignition would require a much larger energy gain, and that has not been achieved yet by NIF.
Roughly speaking, ignition means that after an initiating laser pulse, the fusion fuel would continue to generate fusion energy (to burn) in a self-sustaining nuclear fusion reaction. Like a miniature sun, the fusion target would continue to shine on its own, until its fuel is exhausted.
The Earth's climate system is a much more complex and challenging problem for fluid code modelers than is the NIF. It will take many decades of advances in the state-of-the-art of climate modeling to approach the accuracy of the Livermore fluid codes. Until a long track record of correct predictions of the actual future behavior of the Earth's climate is demonstrated by climate models, the models cannot be considered ready for prime-time.
What's the Greenhouse Effect?
Attributed to early writings of astronomer Carl Sagan, the Greenhouse effect refers to absorption of "heat radiation" by atmospheric gases of a planet e.g Venus.
What is Heat Radiation?
Heat radiation is electromagnetic radiation (light waves) emitted by any warm substance as a consequence of thermodynamics. It's the reason hot steel glows in red, orange, yellow colors when heated in a blacksmith's forge, and the reason the Sun is yellow in color. Heat radiation can be viewed as a gas of photons having a temperature comparable to the temperature of the surrounding material surfaces.
The wavelength spectrum of heat radiation in a vacuum enclosure is well described by the Planck radiation theory which predicts a continuous wavelength spectrum given mathematically by the Planck Radiation Formula.
If the heat radiation is emitted into a gaseous material, the gas molecules will interact with the electromagnetic waves and may selectively absorb electromagnetic waves of certain wavelengths. A broad wavelength spectrum of electromagnetic radiation passing through a gas will therefore be attenuated in certain wavelength ranges called "absorption bands."
....to be continued. (2/18/2014)
For example, if there was a steady (monotonic) decrease in mid-September sea ice area from 2005 through 2013, (as predicted by global warming climate models) then the lowest mid-September coverage would have occurred in 2013. Every previous year would have higher mid-September sea ice area, and 2005 would have the highest mid-September sea ice area out of the set of all years in the sample.
Now we can analyze the data in Fig. 1, and see what we get.
Note: We use the original higher resolution figure on the DMI website to read off sea ice area for each year in mid-September. Then we order years by relative minimum sea ice coverage in mid-September. That is, the lowest mid-September minimum occurred in 2012, the next lowest in 2007, and so on, for each year 2005 through 2013.
Here's our data collected from Fig. 1:
Lowest mid-September sea ice area occurred in 2012, blue curve; next lowest 2007, light blue curve; next lowest 2008, magenta; next lowest 2011, yellow; next lowest 2010, orange; next lowest 2009, baby blue or cyan; next lowest 2013, black, next lowest 2005, red, and highest sea ice coverage in mid-September occurred in 2006, green curve.
That is, there is no systematic, year-to-year downward or upward trend, in northern hemisphere mid-September sea ice coverage, for the years for which we have mid-September data, 2005 through 2013.
One can see why this is so by examining year-to-year, increases or decreases in mid-September sea ice area in our data set above:
From 2005 to 2006 the ice area increased, from 2006 to 2007 ice area decreased, from 2007 to 2008 ice area increased, from 2008 to 2009 ice area increased, from 2009 to 2010 ice area decreased, from 2010 to 2011 ice area decreased, from 2011 to 2012 ice area decreased, from 2012 to 2013 ice area increased. We have four cases of increasing ice area and four cases of decreasing ice area over the period 2005 through 2013. Hence no trend of increase or decrease in mid-September sea ice area over the period 2005-2013.
Of course, there are many ways to analyze the data in Fig. 1. The above analysis gives a good indication of the existence or non-existence of a trend in a simple, easy to understand way. The above ordering of years by mid-September sea ice coverage area shows no systematic downward or upward trend.


The Princeton Applied Research model 636A Electrode Rotator is a high performance system providing rapid acceleration and excellent speed control. It can be used as a simple rotating disk electrode or as a rotating ring-disk electrode. The model 636A is suitable for use in hydrodynamically modulated systems. Its solid state controlled servosystem allows the electrode speed to follow an input signal with minimum distortion. This excellent performance is due to the use of a high speed, low inertia, permanent magnet DC motor and a high voltage, bipolar power supply. The rotational speed is adjustable to within 1% of the input setting 50-10,000 RPM. A voltage signal proportional to the rotational speed is available as an output.
• Operating Temperature : 10 to 40°C
• Control Unit Dimensions : 11 3/8” W x 10 1/8” D x 5 3/4” H
• Base Dimensions : 11” W x 15” D x 3/4” H
• Motor 1/50 HP permanent magnet DC
• Motor Power Supply : +45 V DC, -20 V DC
• Speed Control Closed loop servo-system.
• Temperature compensated tach generator mounted on motor shaft, providing rotational speed
• Speed Range : 50 RPM to 10,000RPM
• Precision Better than ±1%
Hydrodynamical electrochemical experiment, Variety of rotating electrode Experiment, Cylindrical or Disk Electrodes for corrosion studies


Topic: Generate distance data from 2 images.
You know how our brain can judge distance to different objects in a scene from 2 images of that scene (left and right images from our eyes). I'm wondering if you could implement such a function in Image Anayzer. A camera on a rack/pinion mount could take a picture and then be moved perpendicular to the direction it is facing, and take another picture (or better yet 2 side by side cameras, so no movement would be needed).
If you could implement it, these 2 images could then be loaded into Image Analyzer and it would compare them and calculate the distance from the camera's position to different points on the image. The closer an an object is to the camera the brighter a pixel of that object would be (alternatively it could be made darker).
Could you please add such a function? I don't know what the algorithm is for doing this, and I can't find any software that exists that can do this. I'll need to have software that can do this for a college science project I'm doing, as it involves putting 2 mini video cameras mounted side by side on a rocket that will be launched and the cameras will wirelessly send images back to a computer. A pair of images will need to be compared to generate depth data for this project. I don't even need 3d video, just a depth image, because I'll be extracting a frame from each camera's video (2 corresponding frames) using already available software, and then comparing them to generate depth data. The nature of the project is not so technical that the professor expects me to program this myself. So I'm NOT asking you to cheat for me when I ask this of you. So if you could be so kind as to implement an algorithm to calculate depths in an image from 2 side-by-side images in Image Analyzer, I would be very thankful.


Nothing affects the PCB’s total cost and reliability as much as the initial design. That is why we have put together our PCB design tools for engineers, designers and anyone else involved in the PCB design or production process. Our current PCB design tools are PCB design guidelines, PCB design mistakes and PCB design checklist.
To help you get it right from the start and make reliable PCBs!
To prevent getting it wrong from the start, we have put together our design guidelines, to use as a checklist.
We have created a tool that identifies 13 of the most common mistakes, the implications these may have on the finished PCB and how to avoid them.
Use our PCB design checklist to make sure the critical areas of the design are covered before starting the production.
At first sight, PCBs differ little in appearance, irrespective of their inherent quality. It is under the surface that we find the differences so critical to the PCBs’ durability and function during their entire lifecycle. The 14 features in our PCB Specification are essential to make high reliability PCBs.
We have listed some of the most common design questions we receive, as well as other common questions about PCBs and frequently discussed topics.
Don´t hesitate to contact us if you need help, we´re more than happy to help.


Have you had to decipher "words" at the bottom of a page before you could submit a form online?
The "reCAPTCHA" program, designed by the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon, helps computers translate words that cannot be read through the optical character recognition program (OCR) used for digitizing books.
If a word can't be read through OCR it goes into the CAPTCHA list to be sent out in a pair with a known word. The computer assumes if you get the known word right, the other one is solved correctly, too. Through multiple human responses to an unknown CAPTCHA, the computer accumulates data to determine the most probable characters. Wow!
A related service uses CAPTCHAs to protect your email address if you wish to post it on the web. Mailhide generates an HTML code that will force a potential user to solve a CAPTCHA puzzle to get the email address.


Typical network receive operation via sockets looks like this:
socket.Receive(userBuffer, userBuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None);
In the above code received data is moved from Winsock internal buffers into the buffer specified by the user. Next time when socket.Receive is called another data chunk from TCP stream will be moved into the userBuffer.
On the other hand there is a receive method that is not moving data from system to user buffer but instead copies it. This process is called peeking.
Following code is peeking data from system buffer:
socket.Receive(userBuffer, userBuffer.Length, SocketFlags.Peek);
Every time Receive is called it copies the very same data from internal (system) buffer into user buffer.
One may ask why do wee need this peeking at all and why it is present in sockets API?
Peeking was introduced to preserve compatibility with Unix BSD sockets.
So, where one can use peeking? The answer is nowhere, do not use it at all when doing network I/O. Peeking is very inefficient and must be avoided.


SpaceX, a private spaceflight company owned by business mogul Elon Musk, is re-set to launch two NASA astronauts into orbit today, May 30th. The original launch, set for May 27th was scrubbed due to bad weather. If bad weather reoccurs, the next planned date is June 2.
Since 2012, SpaceX has put satellites into orbit and delivered cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). The company has a goal of eventually being capable of carrying people into space. They’re starting with NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, hopefully today.
This mission, called the Demo-2, will launch the astronauts into orbit using a Crew Dragon spacecraft which will be projected into space with a Falcon 9 rocket. The launch will take place at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Liftoff is scheduled for 3:22 PM (ET), 2:22 PM (CT).
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If you’re interested in watching live, you have plenty of options. Major news networks will host special reports but you can also catch the event on most live-streaming apps. Here’s a complete list of the NASA streams you can access:
- NASA Live
- NASA’s YouTube channel
- NASA App for iOS
- NASA App for Android
- Pluto TV
- DISH Network
- Google Fiber
- NASA TV on Satellite Galaxy 13
Stay safe, Birmingham!
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Z Rocklight Emergency Search Lights Metal Body 100 Watt Rechargeable Waterproof Bright Led Torch With USB Power Bank
Sold By TRINITY ENTERPRISES
Check Estimated Delivery
Features & Details
- 3 Lighting Modes Strong light , Blink light , Low light , SOS, Rechargeable Flashlight .You can switch the spotlight and floodlight mode by retracting the lamp head. You can switch at will, adapt to different environments of lighting.
- Super Bright Spot Light 7000 High lumen large bright flashlights uses high LED chips, Bright light focused beam with a long lighting distance range of more than 2600 ft. , 800 m. The battery capacity is up to 6000MAH, As long as this battery powered LED rechargeable flashlight is enough for us to illuminate all night darkness.
- Waterproof and Doesn't Sinking Waterproof Should you accidentally drop it in the water while hiking, sailing etc. Don’t worry it will float on the water, so it is easy to retrieve. Flashlight searchlight handheld for boat, marine, fishing, hunting, outdoor camping, auto repairing etc.
- Mobile Power Bank Stop is searching for batteries that are never there when you need them. This spotlight is made with a long lasting, rechargeable 4.3 volt 18,500 Lithium Ion battery with serious storage power 6000 MAH . Our emergency spotlight can also be used as an emergency power supply library for smartphones or mobile devices, bringing you many conveniences for outdoor travel.
- Light weight and Compact This handheld flashlight it's easy to carry and hold while walking or hiking outdoors. It might be a powerhouse in your hands, but you won't get tired of having it. This flashlight is comes with fully enclosed structure, explosion proof, dust proof and shock proof.
Z Rocklight Rechargeable Spotlight is designed for a wide variety of heavy duty uses. Slips easily into backpacks for hunting, fishing, camping, spelunking, hiking or walking. Can also be stored on a boat, in a camper, or in your automobile
|Manufacturer Address|| |
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|Volume||100 cubic centimeter|
Article ID: RVICGYFSCK


IQM is a leading quantum computing hardware company and a key player in Europe’s vibrant quantum ecosystem. Our key partners are involved in groundbreaking work to accelerate superconducting quantum circuits and quantum computing. IQM also benefits from access to world-class infrastructure for low-temperature physics, fabrication, and high-performance computing.
IQM also has the largest industrial hardware team of world-class quantum experts in Europe with over 640+ scientific publications and over 27000 citations.
Optica (formerly OSA), Advancing Optics and Photonics Worldwide, is the society dedicated to promoting the generation, application, archiving and dissemination of knowledge in the field. Founded in 1916, it is the leading organization for scientists, engineers, business professionals, students and others interested in the science of light. Optica’s renowned publications, meetings, online resources and in-person activities fuel discoveries, shape real-life applications and accelerate scientific, technical and educational achievement.
NOKIA Bell Labs
Nokia Bell Labs is the world-renowned industrial research arm of Nokia, having invented many of the foundational technologies that underpin information and communications networks and all digital devices and systems. The Nokia Bell Labs innovation engine accelerates technology development for Nokia’s core service provider and enterprise businesses, while also researching the fundamental technologies that will shape future society. Over its more than 90-year history, Nokia Bell Labs research breakthroughs have produced nine Nobel Prizes, five Turing Awards and numerous other international awards.
At Qblox, with a dedicated team of scientists, engineers and developers, we are pushing quantum technology to support scientists worldwide with our scalable and low-latency qubit control equipment. We are the sole providers of quantum control stacks that can be easily integrated with our customers’ quantum computers. The stacks combine unlevelled noise performance, low-latency arbitrary control flows and can be scaled up to 100s of qubits. Our company is based in the Netherland and a spinoff of QuTech, which enables us to implement the latest scientific insights and take a position upfront in the worldwide race towards quantum advantage.
Quantum Phi s.r.o. is a small consulting, analytics, educational and research company from Prague, the Czech Republic. We focus on full-spectrum quantum technologies research and applications and their connection to other deep technologies. For example, among our customers is Tensor Ventures having a pre-seed investment in QC82. Our experts also have advanced experiences with quantum technology research in the defence, space, and security sectors.
The Quantum Insider
The Quantum Insider (TQI) is the leading online resource dedicated exclusively to making Quantum Technology accessible through news, information, media and data. The business provides daily news updates, interviews and content. Through its subsidiaries, it provides marketing, consulting and data support for its customers.
Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU)
The Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) is one of the largest and oldest technical universities in Europe. According to Methodology 2017+, CTU occupies first place in the rankings for technical universities in the Czech Republic. Building on a long tradition in research and education in quantum physics, since 2020 it is providing the unique study programme Quantum Technologies, comprised of specialised bachelor and masters, as well as a PhD programme.
Quantum Technology Education (QTEdu)
The purpose of the Quantum Technology Education project is to assist the European Quantum Flagship with the creation of the learning ecosystem necessary to inform and educate society about quantum technologies. The goal is that a quantum-ready society, with knowledge about and positive attitudes towards quantum technologies, will enable the emergence of a quantum-ready workforce. The quantum community, in their Strategic Research Agenda, called for this CSA due to an immediate need for coordinated public education and outreach efforts at all levels ranging from schools, through universities, and up to the working environment and general public. The current QTEdu CSA was founded as a result of the European call “FETFLAG-07-2020 Training and Education on Quantum Technologies” and runs from September 2020 to August 2022. Quantum Eastern Europe is organised within QTEdu’s “QAREER” pilot project.
Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Hungary
Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) is Hungary’s leading technical university, with 8 faculties and 76 departments, and 1,200 lecturers teaching 5,000 subjects and 10,000 courses each semester. The BME Institute of Physics (BMEPhysics) is a key contributor to the Quantum Information National Laboratory (QNL), Hungary’s national quantum science and technology programme. Activities of BMEPhysics include experimental research in quantum electronics, quantum control, quantum optics, theory research of quantum devices and quantum information, as well as numerous university courses in quantum science and technology


Motion-Activated AC Adapter Spy Camera with DVR!
Nobody would ever suspect they are being recorded!
It may look like a regular everyday AC adapter plugged into the wall, but this spy cam is much more! This high-grade covert camera has a DVR built right into the unit, and is motion activated!
To operate, simply insert an SD card, and plug it into any working electrical AC outlet, and the hidden camera instantly starts recording as soon as motion is detected! Since the unit runs off AC power, there are no battery life concerns!
In this age of electronics, everyone has a variety of adapters and chargers plugged into nearly every electrical outlet. No one will even pay attention to the AC charger hidden camera with night vision. It records in crisp clear 1280×720 resolution at 30fps on a 16GB micro SD card which will store 5 hours of footage. This covert AC adapter is great for office security or a nanny cam at home. It is very easy to use with remote control operation. Easily connects to your computer to download and view video footage. The built in IR’s allow you to see about 12 feet away at night. It also has a motion-activated recording to record only when there is movement.
Just plug it in, and let it record!
When you are ready to retrieve the video, just remove the SD card, and you can play back the files on your PC
Normal looking AC adapter
Built in DVR and camera
Powered by AC outlet – no batteries needed!
Amazing 1280×720 resolution @ 30fps
Takes up to a 16GB SD card


Nowadays there are new and awesome devices you can include for your vehicle. Some allow you to enjoy your ride and also have a hands-free phone conversation simultaneously. For security measures, you will find Gps navigation vehicle tracking tools you might install in your vehicle. Getting this mechanism can help you avoid traffic as well as save money on fuel costs. This information is concerning the fundamental options that come with the automobile tracking device.
What’s Gps navigation?
Gps navigation (Gps) is really a navigation tool, produced by the Dod in 1973. The primary reason for this product ended up being to help soldiers and military vehicles, planes, and ships to find out their locations worldwide.
Today, the purposes of Gps navigation have extended to both commercial and scientific worlds. Many people utilize it as navigation and positioning tool in airplanes, motorboats, cars, and for most outside outdoor recreation. Including hiking, fishing, and sailing. Gps navigation also plays a huge role within the scientific community. Experts apply it weather forecasting along with other global climate studies. Additionally they apply it earthquake studies. This technique can measure tectonic motions during as well as in between earthquakes.
How do you use it?
This product uses satellite Gps navigation to obtain the exact place from the vehicle. It transmits signals in the satellites in an exceedingly precise orbit. It requires these details and employ triangulation to calculate anyone’s exact place. The Gps navigation receiver blogs about the time signal transmitted with a satellite. This technique may also calculate the space from the satellite in the user. After calculating the space from the couple of more satellites, the receiver can easily see anyone’s position and send it around the unit’s electronic map.
The Gps navigation receiver should transmit the signal from a minimum of three satellites to see its 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement. When the system could possibly get four or even more satellites, the receiver can easily see anyone’s 3D position (latitude, longitude, and altitude.) The Gps navigation unit may also get additional information including speed, bearing, track, trip distance, distance to destination, as well as temperature.
Could it be accurate?
Today’s vehicle tracking products are accurate. They have parallel multi-funnel design. They are able to easily transmit signals onto satellites when activated. It may also maintain its quality. There are just couple of factors that could affect its precision. Including the pc bug system and malfunction because of high static level.
Do you know the benefits of installing Gps navigation vehicle tracking?
– This product prevents vehicle thievery. They are able to secure your vehicle by tracing its exact place. Police officials can certainly recover your stolen vehicle, discouraging crooks from taking it.
– This product is simple to use. It features a user-friendly web interface that enables you to definitely enjoy real-time visibility. It may also assist you to monitor your present speed.
– Gps navigation can also be helpful for business and government departments that own fleet vehicles. It may provide custom reporting which help them manage their fleet.
– People by using this device can get improvement in productivity, safer driving, reduced travel time, mileage, and vehicle running costs.
These a few of the items you should know concerning the Gps navigation vehicle tracking device. Research online or see a professional to learn more.


The use of microwave signals reflected by a moving object to determine its radial speed very accurately.
Johan Christian Andreas Doppler, Austrian mathematician and physicist, 1803-1853, who described the Doppler effect.
The science of projectiles in flight, taking account of factors such as Velocity, Gravity, Spin, and Air Density.
Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and scientist, one of the foremost scientific minds of all time, 1642 to 1727. Formulated Newton’s laws of motion.
Signal processing of Doppler signals to determine the velocity and other characteristics of the projectile’s flight.
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, French mathematician 1768-1830, developed methods to solve partial differential equations used in modern day image processing.
Phased Array Antenna
Using an arrangement of multiple antennas to rapidly determine the direction of a radar target.
Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner, 1911-1988, developed phased array designs in World War II.


The MS4348PE is powerful, easy-to-use, and best of all, cost effective. You can parallel up to four inverter/chargers for up to 17.2kw of power at 230V. (The Magnum Router is required for parallel stacking the MS-PE Series.) Magnum's PFC charger is built into all of their inverter chargers. It uses less energy from a generator than a standard charger - using 25-30% less AC current than standa..


I brought this Dell Optiplex 7020 PC back in 2014. It originally came with a i5 4590, 8GB of DDR3-1600 RAM, a 7200RPM 500GB hard drive, and a crappy AMD Radeon card that I can't even remember the exact name of. I replaced the Radeon with a GTX 750 Ti in 2015 and used that up until 2018 when I replaced it with the newer GTX 1050 3GB. In 2019, I upgraded the PC with a new SSD (with the old HDD now becoming a secondary drive) and upgraded the RAM to 24GB (I originally intended just to upgrade to 16GB, however, I accidentally brought two 8GB sticks instead of just one, which is how I ended up with an overkill amount of RAM lol). Currently, the PC does most tasks just fine and since I'm stuck with a 720p monitor, for now, I play all my games at 1366x768, which means they usually run well. That said, some games are starting to have trouble running on the 1050, even at 768p. In 2020, I added the Sound Blaster Audigy Rx sound card. Now, why the hell would I buy a sound card in 2020? Well, the onboard Realtek ALC3220 coded sounded like total shit. I don't know if it's the codec itself or if Dell implemented it incorrectly, but it didn't sound very good IMO. The Realtek vs the Audigy Rx sounds like night and day, the Audigy just sounds warmer and more rick that the Realtek ever did, and they managed to make my cheap $40 dollar headphones sound well, though I eventually plan to buy some surround sound speakers to truly take advantage of the sound card. Unlike some people, I didn't have any trouble getting the sound card to work on Windows 10. I plan to upgrade the PC further later this year. At first, I was only going to replace the GTX 1050 with a GTX 1650 Super, however after some research, I found that the i5 4590 would bottleneck the card, so that's going to be replaced with a i7 4790, which should work well with that card. I also plan to add a 1TB SSHD to my rig. This should give me a extra 2-3 years out of this machine. I'm also planning to buy a 1080p montior.


New technologies are disrupting work like never before in history.
A growing number of tools using artificial intelligence (AI) technology have the potential to solve time-consuming tasks in the work place. This leads us to the question, if AI technology can address time-consuming tasks in the workplace, does this mean the workforce will have greater time to think critically and problem solve?
For instance, recent estimates state that the aggregate AI business value is forecast to be $1.2 trillion in 2018 and $3.9 trillion in 2022.
As human-machine interaction increases, we're left with a big question: can AI replace humans at work?
The simple answer is yes and we're beginning to see in industries like manufacturing, retail, media and marketing how AI and automation are truly transformative.
So what about the legal sector?
According to McKinsey, it's expected that 23% of legal work in the US has the potential to be automated in the future through the use of AI-powered technologies.
In a recent study, LawGeex, a legal tech startup, challenged a group of 20 experienced lawyers to test their skills and knowledge in a legal battle against its AI-powered contract review software.
The result was that AI-powered software matched the top-performing lawyers for accuracy of the analysis, however excelled when it came to the speed to undertake the analysis.
As the technology evolves and becomes more sophisticated, perhaps AI tools will dominate legal work, or perhaps we will see a combination of AI tools and lawyers' critical-thinking skills.
It's difficult to say how AI will impact the legal industry, time will tell. What is certain however, is that technology using AI and automation have the potential to redefine the legal industry.
When it came to speed, the AI far surpassed the legal minds, taking just 26 seconds to review all five documents compared to the lawyers’ average speed of 92 minutes.