If your vehicle's volt gauge doesn't show that your vehicle is charging correctly, then check the following:
Check all the wiring at the rear of the gauge.
To access the speedo from the back, open up the bonnet to access the rear of the dashboard.
Check wires are all plugged in and in order. Use the codes on the wires, against the chart below to match their location on the dashboard. (You can also download this chart below).
Check to see if the alternator is charging the battery.
Access the alternator under the rear tray.
Check alternator is charging by testing voltage at battery with engine running. RPM may need to be raised to 1,200 and re-check - because not all alternators will
If faulty replace. You can purchase a replacement alternator here.
Check to see if the battery is faulty.
Check battery under the bonnet.
Check connections and for signs of damage.
Load test battery.
If battery is faulty, then replace.
Check all the wiring from the battery to the alternator.
Check all the wiring and connectors from the battery and the alternator.
Look for damaged wires and connectors.
Make sure all components are mounted securely to the vehicle.
Check the earth cables.
Check the alternator mounting bolts and bracket. Tighten if necessary.
Check the battery mounting bolts and bracket. Tighten if necessary.
Check earth cable from engine to frame.Check earth cable from battery to frame at front of vehicle.


he dim lights, the music in the background… What else do you need to imagine a perfect evening, alone or in company? A lantern like this: portable, with adjustable light and able to spread a perfect sound wherever it is, even on the terrace.
- What is it? Uma Sound Lantern by Pablo Designs, the LED lantern with surround shad.
- What’s special about it? It’s a wireless portable lamp, with adjustable light, that can be used both indoors and outdoors, which makes it a great accessory for summer evenings. But it’s not all, the lantern is also a high-quality speaker. This combination undeniably makes it the must-have object for summer 2018.
- How is it made? It’s a portable lantern that combines the regulation technology of WarmDim’s LED light with the 360° high fidelity surround shad. Can be used either indoors or outdoors, it has a leather grip, touch control of the volume and Bluetooth connection, in order to transmit the music wirelessly through any associated mobile device. The battery has an 8-hour run time, while the light intensity is adjustable thanks to the ring on the upper part of the lantern.
- Who is it by? Pablo Pardo and Carmine Deganello, the first is a Venezuelan industrial designer, the latter an experimental designer based in Milan (who loves working on maternity). Both design putting the relationships between environment and people in first place, the results are innovative yet smart solutions.
- We have chosen it because… It reminds of the classic lanterns (with all their retro charm) but hides a smart technology that transforms it in a cult object for the soon-to-be summer (and for the following ones). Because in the best time of the year there can’t be the perfect atmosphere without the right light and the right sound.


USB and PIC Microprocessors 16C745 and 18F2455
This page describes a project a colleague and I completed between September, 2000 and March, 2001 as part of the Engineering Physics degree program at the University of British Columbia. In summary this project involved building a USB device using the PIC 16C745 microprocessor from Microchip. The USB device consisted of a microphone, the microprocessor and other hardware and the device sent audio data to the host computer.
This page contains notes, links and code extracts from this project relating to USB, USB Human Interface Devices, the 16C745 microprocessor, and specifics of this project. Hopefully this information will be helpful to your project.
Table of Contents
- Results - the project worked! (sortof)
- USB Spec - discussion of USB and the hardware and software components
- USB HID - USB Human Interface Devices
- 16C745 - using the PIC 16C745 microprocessor with USB
- Host Computer - Visual C++ code for accessing USB devices
- Example Code - C/C++ code for accessing USB devices
- Hardware - Wiring diagrams for USB and 16C745
- Links & Resources
We achieved our goal and built a working device. This involved building the device hardware (microprocessor, microphone, and supporting electronics) and software (microprocessor code and host computer code). Unfortunately, the relatively low sampling rate by the microprocessor in the analog-to-digital conversion process mangled the audio signal to make it indecipherable at the host computer, but loud/soft transitions were easily detected.
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol that allows two way communication between peripheral devices and a host computer. It is hot pluggable, allowing the device to be connected and/or removed while the computer is running. There are lots of other features of USB.
The specifications for USB are available at www.usb.org. Be warned that while this information is very thorough, it is not very practical for developing a device or software. Technical documents are available at www.usb.org/developers/docs.html.
Here is a quick overview of what is involved in USB.
- The Hardware:
- A USB cable has four wires: power, ground, D+ and D-. The signal wires usually operate in differential mode (one is high while the other is low).
- There are two types of USB devices: high speed and low speed. There are differences in the type, length and connectors that can be used with the two types. Generally the requirements are stricter for high speed devices. A high speed device can transfer data at a maximum of 12 Mbs while low speed is limited to 1.5 Mbs. The PIC 16C745 can only operate at low speed standard.
- The connector at the computer (A End) is a flattened rectangle while at the device (B end) the connector is square with two cut-off corners (necessary to be compliant with the high-speed standard but optional for low speed devices).
- Each USB device is able to draw 100mA from the cable which allows a device to be bus powered. A device can negoiate up to 500mA once connected to the USB cable but this power may not be available. If the power is unavailable the device must stay in a low power setting. Obviously devices can be powered externally as well.
- The Software:
- When a device is connected, the computer (or a hub) detects the device by a pullup resister (see circuit). A pullup resister on the D- wire signals a low speed device, while a high speed device has a pullup on the D+ wire. When detected a series of enumeration steps are started.
- The enumeration process assigns an identifier number to the device (there can be a maximum of 127 devices on a network) and also tells the host computer what sort of capabilities a device has (input, ouput, etc). The device also informs the computer of its name (Vendor, Product, Version and Serial Number).
- If the device identifies itself as a HID (Human Interface Device) then the device describes how the data should be interpreted. See the section on HID.
Human Interface Devices (HID) are a class of USB devices that give structure to the data that will transfered between the device and the host computer. During the enumeration process, the device describes the information that it can receive and send. This allows a host computer to handle the data being received from the USB device without requiring a specially designed device driver.
The HID class is supposed to include devices such as a mouse, joystick, keyboard, etc. Because the host computer knows what the data means a device driver is not necessary for HID devices, the operating system can supply a generic HID driver. For instance, if you plug in a USB Mouse, it will immediately work because the OS knows how to interpret information received from a mouse.
Information on the HID
can be found at www.usb.org/developers/hidpage.
You can see examples of HID descriptors starting on page 89 of the HID
1.1 spec from usb.org.
A very useful tool for designing HID class devices is the HID Descriptor Tool also available from usb.org. This tool allows you to put together the HID description and run it through the HID parser.
Some other useful tools are available from Intel University Press. They include 'USB Single Step', 'USBView', 'HIDView' and the HID Descriptor Tool described above.
If you are using Visual C++, then the 'hview' sample program that comes with the Windows DDK is good for examining the HID descriptor and values. Unfortunately the program is more complicated than it needs to be and is not a good example of using the USB functions.
I used the PIC 16C745
as the USB interface microcontroller. This chip belongs to a two chip
family (along with the 16C765) called the 16c7xx.
The 16C745 is a 28 pin microprocessor operating at 24 Mhz. It has 8K of program memory, 256 bytes of RAM and 5 x 8bit analog inputs (the 16C765 has 40 pins and 8 analog inputs). The specifications are available from Microchip. The reference manual for the mid-range microprocessors is also useful.
Download the development environment from Microchip called MPLAB (freely available from Microchip's web site). Another necessary component is the USB firmware. The support files that I used seem to no longer exist on the Microchip web site being replaced by a more sophisticated USB example. The firmware includes the following pieces:
- The 'Chapter 9' standard protocol support. The name comes from the set the messages being described in Chapter 9 of the USB specification. This is a file called usb_ch9.asm.
- The HID interface support. This file handles requests for information relating to the HID specification. This is a file called hidclass.asm.
- The device descriptor. This file contains the data that will be sent to the host during the enumerator process. Most of the values are fully specified by the USB spec but the vendor id, product id and version number all specified here. Importantly, the HID descriptor is stored in this file. This file is called descriptors.asm (also known as usb_mouse.asm). The version you download identifies the device as a mouse to the host.
- The demo program. This program sets up the interrupts and initializes the USB code. It also runs through a loop that causes the cursor to move in a box shape on the screen. This program demonstrates how you use the USB specific functions to communicate with the host. This file is called main.asm (also known as usb_main.asm).
- There is also a definitions include file called usb_defs.inc.
- The entire project has
an MPLAB project file (usbmic.pjt)
Try to understand how the usb_main.asm file works. A couple of gotchas that you should watch out for are:
- Triple check that the HID descriptor you are using matches the one you design in the HID Descriptor Tool. Even a single difference in a hex value will cause a failure in the enumeration process.
- If you are using a HID descriptor, make sure that the number of bytes described in your descriptor is exactly the same as the number of bytes you are actually sending.
Once a have is connect,
want to send and receive data from your applications. This document
describes how you can do with using C in Visual C++. It is also
possible to do this in Visual Basic (see below)
The following examples assume you are using Windows 2000. It should also work on Windows 98 but I'm not sure what the differences might be. Windows 95 did not fully support USB. Linux also supports USB HID.
More information on these Windows API calls are available on the Microsoft web site. I used to have links directly to the appropriate page on the Microsoft MSDN website but Microsoft, in their wisdom, rearrange their website every 6 months or so, breaking all the links. Compiling code to use these function calls requires that you install the Windows DDK (Device Development Kit) which used to be freely available from the Microsoft website (see below obtaining copies of the required dlls and header files.)
- HidD_GetHidGuid (GUID *hidGUID)
- HDEVINFO SetupDiGetClassDevs (GUID hidGUID, PSTR *filterString, hwndParent, DWORD flags)
- BOOL SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces (infoset, infoData, interfaceClassGuid, index, deviceInterfaceData)
- BOOL SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail (infoSet, deviceInterfaceData, interfaceDetail, interfaceDetailSize, requiredSize, infoData)
- HANDLE CreateFile (name, access, sharemode, security, creation, flags, template)
- BOOL HidD_GetAttributes (deviceHandle, &deviceAttributes))
See the example code below for details on using these methods.
To top.1]. The files HIDinterface.bas and OSinterface.bas available from the book's web site demonstrate using the API calls in Visual Basic.
I have put together some library code which uses the above api's to connect to available HID USB devices. The code returns a file handle to the USB device which allows a program to read and write data with the device just like with a regular file handle. Note that this code is not a fully working program - it requires, at the minimum, a main function.
These file are known to compile under Visual C++ 5.0 on Windows 2000 with the Windows DDK installed. Make sure that the path to the file 'setupapi.h' is in your header file path (Project->Settings). You will also need to add 'setupapi.lib' and 'hid.lib' to list of libraries and ensure the path to these files is added to the library path for your project.
The code samples are:http://www.microsoft.com/ddk/W2kDDK.htm or download just the few files actually needed for the sample code. These are from the Microsoft DDK which used to be freely available.
- HID.LIB(28 kb)
- HIDPI.H(47 kb)
- HIDSDI.H(6 kb)
- HIDUSAGE.H(11 kb)
- SetupAPI.H(138 kb)
- SetupAPI.LIB(340 kb)
A visitor to my site, Jim Koornneef, has provided a C++ class wrapper for my code that you can download from usb.h and usb.cpp. This class encapsulates the functionality in my code but also provides read/write methods and automatic connect/disconnect functionality.
This section describes the hardware specific to my project. Please note that the focus of this page is on the USB aspects of the project. My understanding is that the analog circuity for the microphone is not well designed.
The analog signal from the microphone was amplified using an op-amp and then digitized using the 16C745's analog-to-digital feature. If you are reproducing this project, I would recommend putting in a filter to remove the frequencies higher than the microprocessor's sampling rate. The digital data was buffered in the microprocessor and then set to the host computer over the USB connection. Since 'interrupt' method of transfer only allows 8 bytes of data transfered every 10ms, this limited the amount of data that could be transfered.
The following circuit
the PIC to the usb cable. It is designed to be powered off the USB
cable. The 6 MHz clock controls the internal oscillator.
The 'reset' switch, causes a reset condition which should cause most of the special registers to clear and the program to start again.
The value of R1 is not critical since it is only used as a pull-up for the MCLR (master clear) pin. The R2 resister is required by the USB specification and should be 1.5 kOhms. The capacitor C3, is not critical and simply stabilizes the Vusb pin voltage. The values of the capacitors, C1 and C2 can be in a range specified in the 16C745 specification (15pf - 69 pf) and may depend on the crystal that you use.
Check that USB power and ground connections are correct before connecting the chip. It is easy to get turn around between the cable pinout and the socket pin out.
The following circuit is
to power the electret microphone and then amplify the signal. The
output signal is connected to one of the analog pins of the 16C745, we
used pin 2, corresponding to AN0 (analog pin 0).
The components are
- OP1 - a TLE2141 Op Amp. This comes in an 8 pin package with GND at pin 4, Power at pin 7, IN- at pin 2, IN+ at pin 3, and output at pin 6.
- R1 - 1 kOhm resister
- R2 - 3.2 kOhm resister
- R3 - 1 kOhm resister
- R4 - 500 kOhm resister
- C1 - 0.005 uF capacitor
- MIC1 - a electret microphone
The left side of the circuit is copied from http://www.hut.fi/Misc/Electronics/circuits/microphone_powering.html and the right side amplifies the signal 500 times (1 + R4/R3) using the op amp.
Update: a visitor to the site made the following suggestion to improve the circuit to allow the Op Amp to amplify the negative portion of the signal. 'Romano' said, "You should (if you want, of course), put a resistor between (+) of op-amp and Vcc, call it R2a, 6.8kohm will be good. R2 should be 6.8k again, so without mic signal you will have Vcc/2 at (+). Finally disconnect R3 from GND and put a capacitor (1uf or more) between R3 and GND. Without signal you will get Vcc/2 at the input of A/D."
Further update (06/09/27): Tito wrote me to suggest improvements to the amplifer. He made the following suggestion, "I noticed that your audio amplifier is not well polarized. I think it has big distortions because it only amplifies the positive part of the signal. I recommend using a negative amplifier configuration for the OPAMP. You just need to add a voltage divisor and a filter to polarize the OPAMP inputs."
- The book USB by Example by John Hyde. The companion web sites are at www.usb-by-example.com and http://www.intel-u-press.com/usb_dbe/ have lots of examples.
- The book USB Complete by Jan Axelson. This book covers similar material as above but has more on the HID class. The companion web site has lots of example code and further references.


Do you have a new extension in your house that needs some nice new light fixtures? Or perhaps a fancy ceiling light you want to show off in the living room? More importantly, do you want to do all the handiwork by yourself? Well, you came to the right place to learn about the basics of switch wiring! Today, we’ll talk about 3 types of light switch wiring: one-way switch, 3-way switch, and 4-way switch.
Wiring your light switches sounds like a headache for another person (a professional electrician, to be more specific), but it can become a simple task when some groundwork is laid out for you, as what I am going to do for this article.
Just a bit of backstory on why I put this article together: there’s a light switch that’s gone loose in one of my downstairs bathrooms. I’ve ignored it for the longest time even though the wires were exposed, until one day, the light stopped working completely (So I recommend that you never ignore exposed wiring). The wiring got damaged and I had to replace them to get the light working again.
Some of you may have done the same silly thing as I did and/or looking for repair how-tos, or you may be looking for a way to install some new lights in your house by yourself. In any case, you’ve found the right article!
Let me tell you firsthand that wiring your switches isn’t that complicated when you have the proper tools and some patience. In fact, it’s a pretty basic DIY project for your home. However, if you’re not feeling confident, seek professional help for your first time with wiring.
Parts of a Switch
Before anything else, it’s best to get acquainted with your project first. Knowing the parts and pieces can help the beginners be familiar with what they’re going to deal with and hopefully avoid any mishaps. Open up your switch box and observe.
1. Ground wire (bare)
A ground wire serves to protect you from electric shock through maintaining the voltage in the circuit as well as causing the circuit breaker to trip when a high voltage is present.
2. Hot wire (BLACK)
The hot wire is the path of voltage from the power source to your lights.
3. Neutral wire (WHITE)
The neutral wire connects to the source as well as the ground.
4. Traveler wires
The traveler wires connect your switches together in a multiple-switch system. These are usually red in color.
5. Power source
This is the source of your electricity and can be connected to your switch through a feeder wire.
6. Wire nuts
These are also known as twist-on wire connecters and serve to fasten two or more wires.
Moreover, we have two types of switches: we have a double pole switch and the single pole switch. There is only one simple difference: a single pole switch controls only one circuit, while a double pole switch controls two separate circuits.
How to Wire a One-Way Switch
The simplest switch to wire is a one-way switch. One-way switches are commonly used for bathrooms, small rooms, and short hallways, wherein you only put one switch in the room. A one-way switch can be attached to many lights, but can only be turned on and off with one switch.
If you are a beginner, I suggest trying a basic one-way light switch at first. This article will teach you how to install a one-way light switch in detail.
Before tinkering with your lights, or any other electrical appliance for that matter, disconnect it from power. Now, what you want to do is connecting all the pieces together and there are two cases for that: you can either install a switch by connecting power to the switch from a source or connecting power from the lights to another switch.
Let’s discuss the process in summary: When you are connecting power to the switch from the source, you are going to connect the ground wires to the box. Then, you will twist the white neutral wires together and put on a wire nut. The two black wires you have will go to the two terminals at the top and bottom of the box (this will connect the light to the power source).
On the other hand, an easier option is to connect a switch from another light. To do this, hook up the ground wire, put the black wire on the bottom terminal, and the white neutral wire to the top terminal. And that’s it! Easy, right?
Use electrical tape to cover wire nuts and other wires to keep them in place.
How to Wire a 3-Way Switch
If you have lights in a large room or long hallway that you want to control with more than one switch, you may want to have a three-way switch. This is common for staircases and landings, medium-sized living rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens, and other types of rooms with multiple entrances. This type of switch allows you to turn your lights on and off from two points in the room.
Say, if you have a light switch beside your bedroom door and another near your bed, life will be easier, right?
- Note: Some people confuse 2-way switch and 3-way switch. You may be confused with 2-way switch and 2-pole switch. Remember: a 3-way switch has two switches, not the 2-way switch.
The same pattern goes with wiring two-way switches as in with one-way switches. The only difference is: you are connecting the wires in a way that the light will be controlled by two switches.
Like the basic one-way switch, you can connect the power from the light fixture to the light switch or connect the power to the light fixture from the light switch.
In summary, to connect the power from light fixture to the switch, connect the power source to the first switch by screwing in the hot wire into the black screw; tie the white and ground wires together, and then connect the remaining black and red wire to the traveler screws.
To connect the power from the light switch, connect the hot wire coming from the light fixture to the common screw of the 2nd switch. Tie the ground and white wires together. And again, connect the remaining black and red wires to the traveler screws.
How to Wire a 4-Way Switch
Now we go to the 4-way switch. This method is employed for large rooms and long hallways; basically any room that is too large for just one or two switches. Who wants to walk a long way just to turn off a light switch? No one. So use 4-way switch wiring to have 3 switches for your lights.
When installing a 4-way switch, you need to have an existing 3-way switch pair. Essentially, you are inserting another switch in between the two 3-way switches. To do this, you would have to cut the wire in between the two switches to make room for your third switch.
Then, you would have to connect one black wire and one red wire from the first switch onto your third switch; screw the black wire on the top terminal and the red wire on the other side, also on the top terminal.
Now, the black wire and red wire from the second switch will go on the bottom terminals, but the black wire will go on the same side as the first black wire, and same goes for the red one.
To add more switches to your circuit, just do the same method! Cut in between and connect your nth switch. Pretty easy stuff.
So, that’s it! I hope you learned a lot from this article. After all, wiring light switches is one of the basic skills a DIY-er or aspiring handyman needs to have. Not only does it come in handy when installing new lights, you can also employ the things you’ve learned to replace or repair a switch. Isn’t that neat?
VIDEO: How to Wire a Light Switch
Did you find this article helpful? Have you had any wiring experiences and/or problems that you’d like to share? Tell me in the comments below. And don’t forget to share this article if you liked it!


I've got my new VAIO VGN-A197VP some time ago. To sum it up: I really like this display :-)
|CPU||Intel Pentium M 735 1.7 GHz||Working inclusive CPU throttling.|
|RAM||512 MB DDR SDRAM|
|HDD||80 GB Hitachi IC25N080ATMR04-0||Working, of course. For now I'm using some conservative settings using hdparm.|
|LCD||17.0'' WUXGA TFT 1920x1200||Working|
|Graphics Card||ATI Technologies RV350 (Mobility Radeon 9600 M10) 64MB VRAM||Working using the XFree86 radeon driver in XFree86 Release 4.4. There's also a driver from ATI which I haven't tried.|
|Sound||Intel 82801DB (ICH4) AC'97 Audio Controller (w/ Realtek ALC203)||Working using the Alsa intel8x0 driver|
|Networking||Intel 82541GI/PI Gigabit Ethernet Controller||Working using the e1000 driver.|
|DVD+-RW||SONY DVD RW DW-U55A||Working, see below|
|Modem||Conexant HSF Softmodem connected to Intel 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) AC'97 Modem Controller||Unstable There's a commercial driver available at linuxant.com. A bug in this driver causes the system to freeze (reboot required) after using the modem for about 30-60 minutes. This is known for several months now, but still has not been fixed.|
|Wireless LAN||Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG||Working using ndiswrapper, see below|
|Bluetooth||Alps Electric (idProduct 3007?)||Working (operates as an USB device)|
|USB||Intel 82801DB (ICH4) USB 2.0 EHCI Controller, NEC USB 2.0 Controller||Working using the ehci-hcd driver.|
|Memory-Stick Reader||Unknown. Connected to a Texas Instruments PCI7420/PCI7620 Dual Socket CardBus and Smart Card Controler w/ 1394a-2000 OHCI Two-Port PHY/Link-Layer Controller||Not working, but there's a data sheet available on the web. So maybe some nice guy will implement a device driver in the future...|
|CardBus||Texas Instruments PCI7420 CardBus Controller||Working using the yenta_socket driver.|
|Firewire||Texas Instruments PCI7x20 1394a-2000 OHCI Two-Port PHY/Link-Layer Controller||Working using the ohci1394 driver.|
|Soft-buttons||Mostly not working. See below.|
|Brightness sensor||Not working|
# cat /proc/acpi/processor/CPU1/throttling state count: 8 active state: T0 states: *T0: 00% T1: 12% T2: 25% T3: 37% T4: 50% T5: 62% T6: 75% T7: 87%The active state can be changed by something like
# echo 7 > /proc/acpi/processor/CPU1/throttlingThere's also a kernel option (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) that allows CPU clock scaling. The right driver is speedstep-centrino (CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO) but as of kernel 126.96.36.199 this CPU is not supported:
speedstep-centrino: found unsupported CPU with Enhanced SpeedStepAnother driver that uses ACPI (CONFIG_X86_ACPI_CPUFREQ) causes the kernel to Oops.
# hdparm /dev/hda /dev/hda: multcount = 0 (off) IO_support = 3 (32-bit w/sync) unmaskirq = 0 (off) using_dma = 1 (on) keepsettings = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 16383/255/63, sectors = 156301488, start = 0
ipw2200 is still under development and there are more success reports.
ndiswrapper requires Windows drivers to work. I took the driver (named w22n51.sys and the corresponding inf file w22n51.inf) from Windows XP shipped with this laptop. Version 0.9 of ndiswrapper locks my keyboard, this is fixed in current (as of writing this) v0.10. Just compile and install the driver and use the supplied command line tool to register the Windows driver (ndiswrapper -i w22n51.inf). As with ipw2200 I haven't tried encryption yet.
I haven't tried the linuxant.com wrapper yet and probably will not. Ndiswrapper is working fine. I'll switch to ipw2200 within the next days. But feedback is welcome here!
There's another soft-button: one that should eject the CD/DVD. This one is supported by the sonypi device driver and generates the same event as Fn-E does. (There's also a (really tiny) button that ejects the CD/DVD without any software support).
For now I'm masking some event types using mask=0x000C (as an option to sonypi).
This is what I'm using to get the brightness (Fn-F5, Fn-F6), video out (Fn-F7), suspend to disk (Fn-F12) and eject (Fn-E) keys to work:-


TRENDnet’s 4-Port Powerline 500 AV Adapter, model TPL-4052E, uses an electrical outlet to create a 500 Mbps powerline network. Two adapters are needed to start a network. Connect network ready TVs, media players, game consoles, and computers to the four Ethernet ports. No CD installation required—encrypted TRENDnet adapters auto-connect out of the box.
- 500 Mbps powerline networking
- Connect four devices to the Ethernet ports
- TRENDnet adapters auto-connect out of the box
- Pre-encrypted for your security
- Power Save mode reduces electrical consumption by 80%


Introduction Of Manufacturers
The Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA) is a multi-mission NASA center of expertise for cosmic microwave background radiation research. LAMBDA exists to serve the CMB research community, and the greater cosmological research community. In particular, LAMBDA: develops and maintains data archives develops and maintains data access and analysis tools offers scientific expertise on NASA's CMB missions (MAP and COBE) carries out data-intensive processing of vital importance to NASA's CMB community conducts education and outreach efforts aimed at the general public There is no cost involved in the use of LAMBDA; however, if your research benefits from its use, then we request that you include the following acknowledgement in your publications: "We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA), part of the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Center (HEASARC). HEASARC/LAMBDA is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center."
No Data Related


A clinically-led partnership will see the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) programme working with other NHS organisations to enable better use of technology to improve patient safety in the use of medical devices.
Following early discovery work, the Medical Device Safety Programme (MDSP) will be established to:
- accelerate the adoption of digital technology to improve the tracking and monitoring of medical devices in real time;
- establish a new information system and associated infrastructure to collect, link and analyse outcomes by procedure, including details of any medical devices or implants used, and the clinicians involved;
- analyse outcomes data to drive improvements in patient care and safety.
On 27th January 2021, we hosted a webinar to discuss the MDSP – you can watch the whole recording below.
While much of the work began before the publication of last year’s Independent Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Review, led by Baroness Cumberlege, the new MDSP will help address the review’s recommendations around collecting the right data for monitoring the safety of medical devices and establishing outcome registries.
Following an announcement by health minister Nadine Dorries MP, GIRFT will lead on developing outcome registries for all relevant specialties, utilising in particular data from the Medical Devices Information System (hosted by NHS Digital) and Scan4Safety. The work will build on the experience of exemplar registries like the National Joint Registry (NJR) and clinical data evaluation groups such as Orthopaedic Device Evaluation Panel (ODEP) and Beyond Compliance in orthopaedics, which have already demonstrated the ability to avoid patient harm, improve outcomes and reduce re-intervention.
Working across the NHS and the medical device industry, the aim of the MDSP is to drive patient safety, as well as supporting novel procedures and future innovation.
Professor Briggs, GIRFT chair and senior clinical advisor to the MDSP, said: “GIRFT has long highlighted the need for improved, patient-centred, clinician-led device surveillance, and has made great strides in achieving this for orthopaedics. Now we want to see those results across other specialties.
“It is crucial that patients have the assurances they need that they’re being treated with the best and safest medical devices available, for clinicians to have actionable data to provide assurance and make improvements, and for companies to have real-world data to optimise innovation.”


Shop our selection of LED Lights in SmartStartLighting.
We are experts in LED lighting deployments. We have installed our system in some of the world’s largest companies. These systems are capital expenditures with CXO approval.
Smart Start Lighting is dedicated to providing the most effective LED lighting and lighting management solutions for your project. We provide a complete solution for major retrofit and new construction projects Nationwide.
Representing over 100 LED lighting manufacturers, Smart Start Lighting utilizes internal resources as well as the manufacturer’s capabilities to develop the perfect result. Our project management staff consists of experienced lighting personnel with over 100,000,000 square feet of projects completed. We develop ROI models that capture utility incentives as well and IRS regulations designed to promote energy savings through kilowatt hours avoided while eliminating maintenance of the systems. We design long life-cycle products that provide lower operating and maintenance costs for years to come.


Avatar III Security Robot
Physical Security, Done Remotely
Allow your best guard to be on-site in seconds – from hundreds of miles away – with the Avatar III Security Robot. Security personnel can use Avatar III Security Robots to inspect multiple incidents, conduct simultaneous patrols, and communicate remotely with subjects of interest.
1) Augmented Security
Avatar III Security Robots can significantly augment your existing security capabilities. Robots stationed around an area can be activated at a moment’s notice to inspect a situation of interest – significantly reducing incident response times in the process.
2) Long Range Surveillance
Avatar III Security Robots can be used hundreds of miles away from a central Security Operations Center – they run through your existing Wi-Fi network and recharge at remote docking stations that plug into existing power outlets.
3) Easy Setup
Control software installs on a PC or Mac and uses a handheld controller to provide on-site, ad-hoc robot control over existing Wi-Fi networks. Just unpack the robot and start patrolling through your existing security infrastructure.
4) Wireless Patrols
Wireless, real-time video and two-way audio feeds allow the robot to act as a mobile camera platform, public announcement system, and remote communication tool.
5) Cost Savings Potential
Groups of Avatar III Security Robots can provide coverage for cents-on-the-dollar when compared to traditional security deployments.
6) Custom, Hassle-Free Integration
Each Avatar III Security Robot comes with 100% “flipper-to-flipper” hardware coverage and free technical support. We also make customization and integration simple. We work with a network of integrators to make sure each Avatar III Security Robot deployment meets your unique security needs and works with your existing infrastructure.
7) All-terrain movement
Stair climbing ability, built-in IR night vision, and dock-connector charging work to ensure full range of movement for robot security patrols. The robot’s rugged track system also works almost anywhere – carpets, wet floors, rugged outdoor terrain, slick concrete.
- 360° Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) and IR cameras
- Built-in Push-To-Talk functionality
- Rechargeable lithium-ion battery with remote-dock charging stations
- Runs off existing Wi-Fi radio networks (2.4GHz spectrum)
- Range extends over hundreds of miles, depending on network configuration
- Physical Dimensions: 24.41 in x 15.35 in x 6.14 in
- Snag-resistant track system, durable composite chassis, and reliable brushless motors
- Control software requires PC or Mac with internet access
- Lightweight and portable (weighs 25 lbs.)
- Allow best personnel to have eyes on multiple areas at once.
- Perform patrol routes, responds to alarms, and inspect incidents through manual control from a central location.
- Provide security coverage for cents-on-the-dollar when compared to existing coverage methods.
- Ensure prolonged runtime with plug-and-play charging stations and multi-unit deployments.
- Navigate varied ground surfaces and climb up most standard sets of stairs.
- Facilitate communication with people through the robot’s built-in two-way audio.
- Move and control robot through existing Wi-Fi networks.
- Easily install charging stations near standard electrical outlets.
- Install/configure robot control software on a standard PC or Mac.
Contact us for more details about the Avatar III Security Robot.


When people talk about solar panels they are actually denoting solar photovoltaic panels that generate electricity. Not all panels produce electricity —some panels produce just hot water and these are called Solar Thermal Panels. But that’s not the topic that we will be discussing today so let’s go back to the main topic — PV Solar Panels.
Present-day photovoltaic cells are built with a Thin-Film Solar Cell (TFSC), also known as Thin-Film PhotoVoltaic cell (TFPV), technology. These solar cells are made by placing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic material onto a substrate. TFPV cells are generally characterized according to the photovoltaic material that is used. Some of the resources used in photovoltaic manufacturing are Amorphous silicon (a-Si), thin-film silicon (TF-Si), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Copper indium gallium selenide (CIS or CIGS), Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC), and other organic solar cells. Read More
Here are some interesting facts about the wind energy. Learn how long it has been used, how people use wind power to generate electricity, how much electricity is generated, and much more.
- Wind power is the result when the energy from the wind is converted into other forms of energy.
- Wind power can be harnessed in various ways: windmills generate mechanical energy and wind turbines produce electricity.
- Windmills were used in Persia (previous name of Iran) back in 200 B.C.
- Wind energy is renewable Read More


Starting at PathAI this January, stay tuned for updates!
I started at MORSE working on a small data engineering team maintaing a ML/CV pipeline. After a few months, I started the co-development of a library made for building machine learning pipelines. Once we finished the library, I transitioned to leading a team of 4 engineers in the design of a distributed AI networking project. I wrote system requirements, identified the project's scope, and outlined a test plan for when the product would be implemented.
Software Used: PySpark, Pandas, NumPy, scikit-learn, Pytest, Matplotlib
At UEI, I worked with the Sales and Applications teams creating internal software soltuions. Towards the end of my time at UEI, I took over the initial testing of UEI's first Python library.
Software Used: VBA, tkinter, OpenCV, JSwing
Algorithms & Data, Object-Oriented Design, Networks & Distributed Systems, Computer Systems
Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning & Data Mining
Digital Logic Design, Embedded Design, Circuits & Signals


Using Artificial Intelligence to automate business processes
Virtual AI is here to help businesses automate their processes quickly and cost-effectively using Artificial Intelligence tools and techniques.
Our clients use us to deploy industry-proven technology that analyses and automates business processes that can run operations 24/7, scaling up or down on-demand.
We believe that any automation project should pay for itself in a year or sooner - and we calculate the likelihood at the very outset of a project.
Our philosophy is to make operations and processes better, faster and cheaper.
AI IN BROADCASTING
London, 16th May 2018: Virtual AI to join the RTS, EY, BBC & Endemol Shine to discuss AI in Broadcasting.
VIRTUAL AI & AWS
5th April 2018: Virtual AI announces the launch of its Intelligent Automation Platform on Amazon Web Services and includes Robotic Process Automation, Document Data Capture & Audio Analysis services.
RIGHTS MANAGEMENT APP
15th March 2018: Virtual AI announces the launch of its Rights Management capture application built using the industry-leading low-code product MatsSoft.


USB cable Micro-USB Metallic rose
USB cable for charge/sync USB-A to Micro-USB, 1m
Make sure you never leave home with a discharged phone! Our high-quality cable with details in black metallic charge and sync your devices with Micro-USB connectors. At the other end of the cable is a USB-A connector that fits in one of our many wall chargers or car chargers. Stable connectors and strong cable guarantee long durability. The cable supports 2.4A, which ensures fast charging of your device if you have a charger that provides this charging current.


Tappy Technologies is a world leading wearable payment integrator connected to banking partners and card networks with operations that span across North America, APAC and EMEA.
Tappy’s digital offerings and hardware white label solutions are fully trusted and certified by industry standards including PCI and EMVCo.
Tappy Technologies has a two-pronged solution strategies.
Tappy’s Tokenization solution, Token Enablement Service (TES) provides the infrastructure for a user to digitize their existing credit, debit or pre-paid cards (of a participating Issuer) into the flexible Secure Element (SE) chip on their wearable device or on to a mobile device and activate secure payments for use at any contactless POS terminal.
The PLC solution is a passive chip that has a pre-provisioned PAN (Primary Account Number) provided by the Issuer-partner representing a pre-paid debit card account. This flexible passive chip can be embedded within a watch strap or other flexible wearable device, which can be managed using an issuer web portal or mobile app.
Tappy’s wearables payment solutions are designed to work at any contactless point-of-sale terminal, globally
Tappy adds Payment | Access control | Geolocation to traditional timepieces/ jewelries and accessories by pre-provisioning secure data keys into a battery less secure element chip.
Tappy’s battery-less biometric finger print sensor provides two-factor verification, which is a security process that involves two different layers of authentication. Mainly used for higher transaction value at contactless payment terminal.


You are here
“Adjust the radiation standard so that 5G does not pass Brussels by”
The N-VA group chair in the Brussels Parliament, Cieltje Van Achter, questioned the Brussels Environment Minister Alain Maron about the roll-out of the 5G network in Brussels. Cieltje Van Achter insists on a realistic change in the radiation standard.
Brussels has a radiation standard of 6 volts per meter. That is 50 times stricter than the limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). “The Brussels radiation standard is anchored in an ordinance of 1 March 2007 and is a ticking time bomb under our telecom network,” Cieltje Van Achter says. “Due to increasingly intensive use, the existing 4G network is gradually becoming saturated. This will lead to a slower connection and, in the worst case, to network failure. Under the current radiation standard, the roll-out of 5G in Brussels is already completely out of the question.”
Digging up every street
Brussels Environment Minister Alain Maron (currently) remains committed to the existing radiation standard. He therefore wants to make 5G possible via so-called small cells, small antennas spread across the city, which should make it possible to continue to respect the radiation standard of 6 V/m. “This is completely absurd,” Cieltje Van Achter responds. “To build an adequate network of small cells, each operator has to install about 10,000 new antennas and connect them to a fibre optic network. In practice, this means that almost every street in Brussels will have to be dug up in order to make the necessary connections and that we will have many thousands of antennas in the streetscape. Not to mention the huge additional cost and the significantly higher energy consumption of small cells. It is time for Minister Maron and Ecolo to realise that without an adjustment to the radiation standard, 5G will pass Brussels by.”


Dsc Module Labview 8.6 Download
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The world is rapidly changing with the advent of new technological innovations. The technology has helped businesses keep ahead of their competitors and streamline their operations. It has also assisted in helping people become more productive and more efficient.
Technology is effective collaboration with the virtual conferencing also used to aid those who are disabled. In recent years, new technologies have been created to assist disabled people. Brails that use electronic pulses, for example, have been developed. The disabled can also walk with ease thanks to artificial feet and sticks. Modern science and technology has done a tremendous job for the disabled.
CRISPR is another important innovation. It is a technique that lets scientists alter the fertilized eggs. It’s a great method for researchers to research conditions and develop ways to treat them. Scientists have created monkeys with specific mutations which can aid in understanding disorders such as autism and Alzheimer’s.
Edge computing is a different technology advancement. It allows data processing to take place close to the source, which reduces latency. It also improves real-time analysis. Another is digital twin that creates a virtual copy of physical assets, processes or systems. This technology can be utilized to detect errors and improve efficiency. It can also be used to test new products prior to when they are implemented in the field. This reduces costs and time for R&D.


Projects and information on connecting LEGO and Arduino
We wrote a book with John Baichtal about connecting LEGO Mindstorms NXT to Arduino microcontrollers. It features a variety of projects varying in scope, complexity, and cost.
This is what the back cover says:
Make amazing robots and gadgets with two of today’s hottest DIY technologies. With this easy-to-follow guide, you’ll learn how to build devices with Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0 and the Arduino prototyping platform. Mindstorms alone lets you create incredible gadgets. Bring in Arduino for some jaw-dropping functionality—and open a whole new world of possibilities.
Build a drink dispenser, music synthesizer, wireless lamp, and more
Each fun and fascinating project includes step-by-step instructions and clear illustrations to guide you through the process. Learn how to set up an Arduino programming environment, download the sketches and libraries you need, and work with Arduino’s language for non-programmers. It’s a perfect book for students, teachers, hobbyists, makers, hackers, and kids of all ages.
Build a Drawbot that roams around and traces its path with a marker pen Construct an analog Mindstorms clock with hands that display the correct time Create a machine that mixes a glass of chocolate milk at the touch of a button Make a Gripperbot rolling robotic arm that you control wirelessly with Arduinos mounted on your arms Explore electronic music by building a guitar-shaped Lego synthesizer Build a Lego lamp with on/off and dimmer switches that you control with a smartphone application *Jump feet first into the world of electronics, from learning Ohm’s Law to working with basic components
Wayne and Layne, LLC and our products are not connected to or endorsed by the LEGO Group. LEGO, Mindstorms, and NXT are trademarks of the LEGO Group.


VS1 Relay Output(XP Housing W/Window)
The VS1 is a low-level vibration switch optimized to monitor non-intentionally vibrating machinery for the effects of imbalance, misalignment, looseness or wear (e.g. bearings). The trip-point setting range is 0.1→2.2 in/s. The VS1 is designed per ISO 10816-1 Mechanical Vibration - Evaluation of machine Vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts.
VS1 and VS2 monitor the machine surface
to which they are attached and alarm when vibration either exceeds or falls below the trip-point setting, according to the alarm over/under switch setting. Each have three LED indicators providing power, vibration and alarm status. The isolated transistor or relay output may be wired for machine shutdown or as part of an early warning system. The adjustable alarm delay prevents false alarms by allowing the user to set the minimum continuous fault condition time for alarm, thus preventing needless system shutdowns during operation or startup.
Two rugged cast aluminum housing options are available for the VS1 and VS2: the compact NEMA 4X and the Class I and II rated explosion proof (XP). A separate 24 VDC power supply is also available.


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From standard LED lighting to RGB Lighting!
1w LED Brass Cone Mounted Assembly With 10mm Thread 4842370
1w LED Brass Plain Body Mounted Assembly With 10mm Thread 4859363
LED Driver for Up To 6x 1w LED’s 4794446
Status Remote Controlled 5 Metre RGB LED Strip Light 7097108
Status Smart Alexa Google Assistant 3 Metre RGB LED Strip With Controller 6123295
Status Smart Alexa Google Assistant 5 Metre RGB LED Strip With Controller 6123294
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Karnataka 1st PUC Electronics Question Bank Chapter 9 Practical Electronic Components, Their Specifications and PCB
One Mark Questions and Answers
What is a part number?
The part number is a unique code used to identify a particular component for the convenience of the consumer or manufacturer.
Mention the important specifications of a resistor.
- Value of resistance
- Power rating
- Maximum working voltage (or voltage rating).
For what application, fusible resistors are used?
The fusible resistor is used as a fuse under faulty conditions to protect the circuit.
What is the important specification of a capacitor?
- Capacitance value and
- Maximum voltage rating.
Name the type of capacitor having polarity.
Write a part number for a diode.
How many pins are present in a diode bridge?
Mention any one type of a seven-segment display.
Common anode seven segment display.
What do we mean by 16 × 2 LCD?
16 × 2 LCD means a two-line 16 characteristics LCD display.
Mention one specification of a speaker.
Mention a part number of a commonly used temperature sensor.
Mention any one ease style of a transistor.
Mention any one part number of a positive voltage regulator.
78XX series voltage regulators are positive voltage regulators.
Mention any one part number of a negative voltage regulator.
79XX series voltage regulators are negative voltage regulators.
Name the chemicals used for the etching process in PCB designing.
Ferric chloride, hydrochloric acid, acetone.
Two Mark Questions and Answers
What do you mean by the datasheet?
A datasheet is a document summarizing the performance and other technical characteristics of a component.
What do you understand by part number of an electronic component?
Datasheet of the part number provides detailed specifications like physical, mechanical, and electrical parameters.
What information does a package details of a component give?
A package of electronic components gives details on body size, mount area, thickness, pins, the pitch of the pins, power dissipation tapping directions.
What do you mean by SIP and DIP packages?
The single in-line package (SIP) has one row of connecting pins. Dual inline package (DIP) is packaged with two rows of leads on two sides of the package.
Write any two specifications of a transformer.
- Input voltage
Mention any two types of relays available in the market.
- SPST (single pole single throw)
- SPDT (single pole double throw)
Mention any two types of transistors case styles available in the market.
- TO – 39
Write any two specifications of LEDs.
Diameter, color, quality.
Write any one part number for npn and pnp transistor.
SL – 100: npn transistor
SK -100: pnp transistor.
What is the etching process?
An etching process is removing the unnecessary copper after UV exposure, leaving behind only the desired copper tracks. K
Three Mark Questions and Answers
List any five advantages of the datasheet.
- Product number and name
- Pin connection diagram.
- Absolute minimum, maximum ratings.
- Recommended operating conditions.
- Input/output waveshape diagrams.
Write the steps involved in PCB designing.
PCB layout preparation: PCB layout must be drawn using PC. The complete circuit must be drawn on paper. Prepare computer layout as per circuit diagram using PCB design software. Draw tracks for connecting one component to the other. Take printout on a white sheet and get the film done on a transparent sheet by filmmakers.
Photoresist: Photoresist film or mask is placed on a copper clad board. UV light is exposed on a copper-clad board covered by photoresist film. UV light does not pass through the photoresist on the tracks. The copper area which is not covered protected by photo-resist is removed during the etching process.
PCB etching process: The etching process is done to remove the unnecessary copper after UV exposure, leaving behind only the desired copper tracks. The PCB is then dipped in ferric chloride or hydrochloric acid until unwanted copper is dissolved.
Then the PCB is dipped in acetone to remove the black color giving the PCB a shining attractive look.
PCB Drilling: The components to be attached to PCB can be done only by vias drilling ie, by drilling a hole. To make PCB good solderable the surface of the PCB is coated with tin or nickel.
PCB assembling: The electronic components are assembled on the respective holes in the PCB. The component leads are electrically and mechanically fixed to the board with solder.


|OS||Android 12, Funtouch 12|
|CPU||Octa-core (1x3.19 GHz Cortex-X2 & 3x2.75 GHz Cortex-A710 & 4x1.80 GHz Cortex-A510)|
|Chipset||Qualcomm SM8475 Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1 (4 nm)|
|Type||AMOLED, 1B colors, 120Hz, HDR10, 1000 nits (peak)|
|Size||6.78 inches (16.611 cm)|
|Pixel density||388 Pixels per inch|
|Primary||50 MP, f/1.8, (wide), 1/1.57", 1.0µm, PDAF, OIS 12 MP, f/2.0, 47mm (telephoto), PDAF, 2x optical zoom 13 MP, f/2.2, 16mm, 120˚ (ultrawide)|
|Video quality||[email protected], [email protected], gyro-EIS|
|Secondary||16 MP, f/2.5, (wide)|
|Dual-LED dual-tone flash, HDR, panorama|
|Capacity||Li-Po 4700 mAh, non-removable|
|GPS||A-GPS, BDS, GALILEO, GLONASS, QZSS|
|USB||USB Type-C 2.0, USB On-The-Go|
|Sensors||Accelerometer, Compass, Fingerprint (under Display, Gyro, Optical), Proximity|
|SIM||Dual SIM (Nano-SIM, dual stand-by)|
|Technology||GSM / HSPA / LTE / 5G|
|Speed||HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps|
|Bluetooth||5.2, A2DP, LE, aptX HD, aptX Adaptive|
|Wi-Fi||Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/6, dual-band, Wi-Fi Direct, hotspot|
|International modal|| LTE|
GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1700(AWS) / 1900 / 2100
|Released to market||2022 July|
vivo iQOO 9T is an Android device (Android 12, Funtouch 12) powered with a Octa-core processor, Qualcomm SM8475 Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1 (4 nm) chipset and Adreno 730 GPU. vivo iQOO 9T has 12 GB RAM. This is +77.2% when compared with the industry avarage capacity of a RAM of the devices released during this year (November, 2021 - November, 2022). An avarage device released during this year had 6.8 GB of RAM. Also vivo iQOO 9T has 256GB internal memory which is +56.9% when compared with the industry avarage capacity of a internal memory for this year. An avarage device released during this year had around 163.2GB of internal memory. vivo iQOO 9T has a 6.78 inch AMOLED screen. Screen size avarage for 2022 was 6.8 inch (-0.2%). Total number of pixels in screen for vivo iQOO 9T is 2,592,000 (2400x1080) and this is +11.2% the avarage. Pixel densiy 388ppi is +8% (avarage was 359ppi). 50MP primary camera is +7.1% the avarage of 46.7MP and 16MP secondary camera is +7.9% the avarage of 14.8MP. vivo iQOO 9T is powered by a Li-Po 4700 mAh, non-removable which is -6% while the avarage battery capacity for 2022 was 5000 mAh.
12 GB RAM86.7-
256 GB internal memory. 64.5-
1080x2400 screen resolution.3.4-
388ppi pixel density.40.6-
50 MP primary camera.36.4-
16 MP front camera.53.8-
6.78 inch AMOLED, 1B colors, 120Hz, HDR10, 1000 nits (peak).16.2+
4700 mAh battery.64.9+
No external memory expansion slot.
No 3.5mm audio jack.
Not water resistant.
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Mobile phones with similar specifications.
Android 10, upgradable to Android 11, OxygenOS 11
Android 11, ColorOS 11.2
Android 11, OriginOS 1.0 (China)
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The Food and Drug Administration on Feb. 4 gave clearance to an application for Apple’s iPad and iPhone that will allow physicians to review radiology images in the absence of a standard workstation.
The FDA cleared the app, named Mobile MIM, for viewing images and making diagnoses using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine technology such as positron emission tomography.
The app can measure distance on the image as well as image intensity; it can also display measurement lines, regions of interest, and annotations.
The FDA noted that the luminance displayed by a mobile device can vary greatly, even among identical models. The image’s luminance also can vary based on ambient lighting. The app includes an interactive contrast test that will allow a user to determine whether he or she can properly distinguish subtle differences in contrast.
The Mobile MIM app was created by Cleveland-based MIM Software Inc. The company said on its Web site that the Mobile MIM should be available in Apple’s App Store the week of Feb. 7.


Mobile Development & Design
In just two short decades the mobile phone has become one of the most ubiquitous communications devices in Australia.
With mobile penetration sitting above 90 percent, it easily surpasses personal computer ownership, estimated at just 67 percent of Australian households.
In this day and age, you pretty much can’t ignore mobile users. The rate at which consumers are accessing the web via mobile devices is growing rapidly, largely thanks to the increasing popularity and production of smartphones.
Conduct considers the mobile space as one of the most exciting and fresh platforms to work with to date. Apple has greatly helped the popularity with the release of the iPhone and the app store. At Conduct we specialise in iPhone design and development helping businesses establish a mobile presence. We have delivered iPhone games, ulitity application and mobile optimised versions of websites.
For new ideas, effective strategies and enviable results talk to us today >>


Using An SD Card In The Canon 5DMkIII Brings The Camera’s Speed To Its Knees ... YOU DO NOT want to put a card in the SD slot. ... Canon decided to build the 5D Mark III with one very fast CF ... Best Memory Cards for Canon 5D Mark III | Switchback Travel The Canon 5D Mark III has dual memory card slots that hold one CF (CompactFlash) format memory card and one SD (Secure Digital) format memory card. CF cards are faster than SD cards and perform better for video, making a CF card the most logical choice for your primary memory card. The dual ... Best Type, Speed & Size of SD Card for 5DMKIII? Hello again, Yes, I am looking for the best SD card for the 5DMKIII. Future proofing is fine, but I don't want to step in a hole. I read some reports of a 64GB SD card is too large for a ML install.
May 19, 2013 ... Shooting spectacular raw video on the 5D Mark III requires UDMA 7 ... out at 20MB/s regardless of card speed but the Canon 6D is twice as fast. Both cameras are still a long way from the 5D Mark III but the SD card slot on that ...
On Magic Lantern for the Canon 5D Mark III, what is the minimum CF ... You can technically record on any speed memory card. The higher the speed, the longer you can shoot before you suffer from either frame ... Canon EOS 5D Mark III Specs - CNET View full Canon EOS 5D Mark III specs on CNET. ... CompactFlash, SD Memory Card, SDHC Memory Card, SDXC Memory Card. Image Storage. RAW 5760 x ...
Canon 5D Mark II Review - 5D Mark II Feature Comparison. .. CF Card Type I and II, SD/SDHC Memory Card (1 slot each), canon 5d mark iii sd slot speed and/or External media (USB v.2.0 ..The SD card slot of EOS 5D Mark III doesn't support high speed SD cards(UHS-1).
Why You Should NOT Use an SD Card in the Canon 5D mkIII. By fotosiamo on January 3rd 2013. 18 Comments; 22 Shares. One of the improvements of the ever-popular Canon 5D Mark III over the Canon 5D Mark II is the inclusion of both a CF card slot and an SD card slot. It allows the photographer the flexibility of recording to either an Secure ... SD or CF for 5D Mark III: Canon EOS-1D / 5D / 6D Talk ... The high speed SD cards are UHS and the 5D III does not support UHS. On page 31 of the manual the note at the bottom says you can use UHS SD cards with the 5D III, but they will not be Ultra-High Speed (UHS). In the 5D III, the 90 MB/s CF card will be faster than the 95 MB/s SD card. Canon U.S.A., Inc. | EOS 5D Mark III
Canon EOS 5D Mark III Sensor Info & Specs
These days SD cards are getting so fast, and SD Card slots are getting so fast that it's not going to limit you in anyway. The 5D Mark iii Canon purposely limited the SD card slot. They won't do that this time, in fact I think it'll be prepared for the future. Re: Best memory card for 5D Mark III: Canon EOS-1D / 5D ... Best memory card for 5D Mark III Started Jun 28, 2016 ... The SD slot is crippled so the fastest cards are useless. Worse, when you use the SD slot the whole camera defaults to a really awful 133X write speed: ... Canon EOS 5D Mark IV Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM Canon EF 70-200mm F2.8L IS II USM Canon EF 24-70mm F2.8L II USM ... Why You Should NOT Use an SD Card in the Canon 5D mkIII
Canon EOS 5D Mark III - Wikipedia
The Canon EOS 5D Mark IV features one CF memory card slot and one SD memory card slot with UHS-I support. The Canon 5D Mark IV does not support UHS-II cards but you can also use UHS-II cards and it will operate at the fastest UHS-I speed in the camera, especially when you need extremely high read speeds for transferring photos from the card to ... Canon 5d Mark Iii Sd Slot Speed - savoiapalacecortina.com Canon 5D Mark II Review - 5D Mark II Feature Comparison. .. CF Card Type I and II, SD/SDHC Memory Card (1 slot each), canon 5d mark iii sd slot speed and/or External media (USB v.2.0 ..The SD card slot of EOS 5D Mark III doesn't support high speed SD cards(UHS-1). Canon 5D How-To: Insert A Memory Card - YouTube In this video, we are diving in how to properly insert and remove the memory card from your Canon 5D Mark III Full-Frame DSLR. The process is simple, but make sure that your card is correctly ... Best Memory Cards for Canon 5D Mark III | Switchback Travel
Понятия скоростей на карточках SD и CF для Canon 5D Mark… В последнее время пользуюсь связкой 2-х камер 5D Mark III с 2-мя флешками на борту – Compact Flash 32 gb – 400x и SD 32 gb – 10 class.В последнее время склоняюсь к тому что бы перейти на CF 64 gb + SD 64 GB – а оставшиеся 4-е флешки просто как резерв и создание ещё +64gb... Fastest SD and CF Cards for the Canon 5D Mark IV - A…


Title of the project:
Multi-layer aggregator solutions to facilitate optimum demand response and grid flexibility (SMART-MLA)
From 01.11.2018 to 31.10.2021
Aggregator, big data, block-chain, cloud computing, community, demand response, IoT, optimization.
Main scope of SMART-MLA is to develop cloud-based multi-layer aggregator ICT solutions to facilitate optimum demand response (DR) and grid flexibility to energy systems to utilize up to 100% renewable energy. It is aimed to increase the awareness/involvement of consumers/communities on DR aggregating mechanisms in countries even where relevant legislation is still in process. SMART-MLA will demonstrate that at least one layer is applicable to any country regardless of the market structure. Integration of high volumes of intermittent generation and IoT appliances necessitates implementation of ICT based new technologies such as cloud computing, big data and block-chain to add value to DR and improve the grid flexibility (Energy Package 2015). According to the EC proposal for directive on common rules for the IEM, the community aggregators play an important role regarding DR. Therefore, the ICT solutions developed in SMART-MLA will allow customers to take advantages of aggregation.


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|Statistics Group||Institute of Applied Mathematics||Faculty of mathematics||
|Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg
Institute of Applied Mathematics
Mathematical Statistics Group
Professor Rainer Dahlhaus
The topic of the seminar are spectral based methods for audio signal processing. At the beginning the basic concepts of spectral analysis for time series shall be discussed from a more mathematical viewpoint. Afterwards different filters for audio processing, their design and their implementation shall be discussed. Another area of the seminar will be noise reduction techniques - in particular for the restoration of historical music recordings. Such methods are also based on spectral methods.
If possible the methods shall be demonstrated with Matlab programs.
Overall the content of the seminar will also depend on the number, the prerequesites and the programming skills of the participants.
The seminar will be held as a block seminar in June. A first informal meeting is on Thursday, 20. April 2017, 15.15 in Room 4.200.


Elon Musks SpaceX is said to expand its expand its rocket refurbishing capabilities in Florida in order to increase the frequency of launches.
The announcement follows a weekend with 2 successful launches by SpaceX, one to send Bulgaria’s first satellite into orbit.
SpaceX is pioneering the concept of re-usable rockets with 13 successful booster and rockets returns since 2015. Two boosters have so far been refurbished and reused for other launch missions.
First presented in 2011, the SpaceX reusable launch system program offers a new and more economical way to launch satellites and personnel into space. The first step of this program was achieved in 2015. SpaceX has likewise announced that development is underway to extend the reusable flight hardware to second stages, a more challenging engineering problem because the vehicle is travelling at orbital velocity.
SpaceX new facility is expected to be over 60.000 square feet large and be positioned just south of a processing facility at Port Canaveral. SpaceX took over this facility in March of this year. The proposed facility will be used to store and refurbish rocket components and might be an important step in reaching the goal of more reusable rockets.
The Port Canaveral Board of Commissioners are said to consider the lease proposal of the site intended for the new facility soon.
Read the full story on Reuters


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Photography: What has changed with technology?
It was in 2000 that the first cell phone with a camera appeared. Since then, technology has advanced to such an extent that photography is now available to everyone. How?
History recorded in 2000 the appearance of the first cell phones that integrated a camera. One of them was the J-SH04, from the Japanese company Sharp and J-Phone, which was capable of taking pictures with a resolution of 0.1 megapixels for a 256-color display. The other was Samsung’s SCH-V200, which had a TFT LCD screen with a 0.35-megapixel digital camera.
18 years have passed since then, 18 years in which technology has advanced by leaps and bounds. That is why today we find cell phones with cameras of such good quality on the market that some people have used them to record full 4K movies, reaching resolutions of up to 20 megapixels.
Perhaps one of the most prominent is the Huawei P20, which was launched by the Chinese company last April. This cell phone has a front camera with 24 megapixels (16 megapixels outside of China) and double rear cameras, which combine the monochrome sensor with the RGB sensor.
Among its other functions are automatic focus and AI motion detection. Thus the Huawei P20 captures better images in low light conditions and also more details in good light conditions, and perfectly focused images of moving objects.
In practical terms, what has changed?
A few decades ago photography was an exclusive activity for a few. And it is that to take a photo, first of all, it was necessary to load a camera. In addition, the number of captures was limited according to the roll that was taken and that is why it was understood that there was only one opportunity, nothing to take several photos, from various angles and with various settings, to see which one came out better.
With the industrialization of cameras built into cell phones, all that changed. Photography stopped being that distant activity and began to get closer to people, who thanks to the ease of always having a camera in hand, have become increasingly interested in learning to take photos.
An interest that is also due to social networks. Platforms such as Instagram unleashed the boom in social mobile photography, turning many into amateur photographers willing to take photos of almost anything (food, events, travel) to share on social media.
Thus the sensitivity and the photographic eye of many have been strengthened. In fact, good photographers have discovered photography thanks to the cell phone camera and have come very far into this world.
Photography is more popular than ever. And, in that sense, today thousands of people around the world are inclined to buy cell phones with high resolution cameras. It’s about having quality photos at your fingertips.


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Designed to be the most user friendly controller on the market, this equipment does away with the common 2 line display and provides a full colour touchscreen to the operator.
From here easy access is provided to all the functions you may need in a park. From the selection of two different water supplies (e.g. fresh water and RE water) to the speed control of pumps, BBQ control and path lighting it is all part of the standard.
We're capable of so much more than irrigation.
We offer a total end to end solution, from concept to completion.
Specially designed panels provide safe access for non electricians and uses cost saving designs through effective use of open communication protocols
BBQs & Path Lights
Electric BBQs and path lighting improves the usability of parks. This system will monitor the health of the lights and usage patterns of BBQs
Cloud based PC and mobile device access to all park management functions with multi-layer password protection for staff and contractors
Tank level management with analog level sensing (0-100%) coupled with inflow and outflow alarms on freely selectable levels
Fully integrated PID control for single or multi-pump applications reduces control wiring and provides additional pump data to your control system
Water Quality Testing and Control
When using recycled effluent (RE) it is important to maintain chlorine levels. In-line chlorine and pH testing allows for accurate chlorine injection
Injection of fertiliser midstream of irrigation cycles allows for pre-wetting and watering-in periods
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And best of all, Smart Controllers use open protocol communication (Modbus) so that you can connect a multitude of other devices and software.
Data logging functions provides you with graphical displays of historical data such as tank levels, pressure and flow. The flow and pressure readings are even recorded against every individual station.


The easiest way to learn these conversions is through the use of examples, so for the first one, you should see each number as an octet, of 8 bits. For instance, we will take a number of 254, from let’s say an IP address of 192.168.0.254. What we are trying to do next, is to convert the binary number 11111110 which we know is an octet and it represents 254 in decimal value, and understand the conversion process behind it.
The maximum number for an octet can be 255 and this is if all the 8 bits have a value of 1. Imagine each of the 8 bits is a power of 2, if you put this inside a table you should have something like this:
All the values in the decimal cells, added together will give the maximum number that an octet can have which is 255, this is if all the bit positions are set to 1 and you have a binary value of 11111111.
Now let’s go back to that example we were trying to do, converting 11111110 to a decimal value. For this, we will need to remember the bit positions, which you could call exponents row too. The best way to do the conversions is with the help of this table and method.
Now, the concept behind this is that you start with the biggest exponent which would be 27 and for each value of 1 in the binary row, you should add the decimal value of the position to the actual number we will get in the end. 0 means we will ignore the field and the value.
So the first position, 27 we see in the binary row a 1, this means we will add the decimal to the actual number. To better understand, we will also write the actual value in the decimal row, so we first have an 128. Second position which stands for 64, we have a binary 1 which says we need to add this one too so we have 128+64 until this point for the actual decimal size. We will add all the rest of the values meaning 128+64+32+16+8+4+2 until we find a 0 on the binary row. Then we add 0 to the decimal number because it doesn’t count. The 0 tells us this field is to be ignored as you can see below.
The final decimal number will be 254.
The same method applies if you are trying to convert an entire IP address, the only thing different is that you will have to do it for each octet as there is no way to do it for all the octets at the same time. In time, after practicing a little, you will be able to calculate the octets in your head, without the help of the table.
VN:F [1.9.22_1171]Binary to Decimal Conversion,


Medical image analysis has quickly grown into a multi-disciplinary research area. Here, basic principles of some of the underlying fields will be introduced. As the field is highly dynamic and constantly changing, so will this summary.
The brain is one of the most fascinating organs in the human body. It not only enables us to interact with our environment by integrating the information we gain through our senses, but also allows for creativity and the creation of things which have not existed before.
The brain consists of both gray and white matter, as well as so-called cerebrospinal fluid. Multiple studies have investigated characteristics of these different compartments both in the healthy population, as well as in disease and during development. In this section, we will introduce these compartments and their genesis during the early development in humans.
Magnetic resonance imaging
The idea of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was first described in 1938 by Rabi and colleagues. The main benefit of MRI over other techniques, such as X-Ray imaging or computer tomography (CT), lies in the fact that MRI is a non-invasive technology that does not use ionising radiation.
First, we will introduce MRI as a typical instrument for clinical assessment of the brain. Subsequently, the physics behind magnetic resonance imaging is discussed (without formulas), which will offer a basic understanding of how MRI is able to create images. Finally, we will talk about the general concept of diffusion MRI, a technique that allows us to observe the movement of water, and which is essential to investigate the structural connectivity of the human brain.
The brain is a complex system in which gray matter regions are interconnected, either functionally or structurally, which is why it can be studied using network theory. Network theory applied to the human brain is called connectomics.
Connectomics research is of great interest to the scientific community, as it allows us to study and understand human cognition, its variation over development and aging, and its alteration in disease or injury. Combined with big data initiatives, such as the (developing) Human Connectome Project, connectomics is rapidly growing with emerging international research initiatives collecting large, high quality brain images with structural, diffusion and functional imaging modalities.
In order to fully appreciate the brain as a network, it is important to acquire a basic understanding of the theoretical foundation of network theory.
While there are many facets to network or graph theory, here we discuss basic aspects that are commonly found in connectomics research. This includes general discussion of what a graph is and how it can be represented, graph-theoretical network measures, artificial network models, as well as network topology.


2 edition of Electronic digital integrating computers found in the catalog.
Electronic digital integrating computers
Fedor Vasil"evich MaЗђorov
|Statement||F.V. Mayorov ; translated by Scripta Technica, inc. ; editor: Yaohan Chu.|
|LC Classifications||QA76.5 M1883|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||382|
Designing Digital Circuits a modern approach. This book is all about the design of digital circuits. Topics covered includes: Designing Digital Circuits, Designing Combinational Circuits With VHDL, Computer-Aided Design, VHDL Language Features, Building Blocks of Digital Circuits, Sequential Circuits, State Machines with Data, Verifying Circuit Operation, Small Scale Circuit . Computers move information, for example your book report from the disk to the printer. Or a file from the Internet to your display screen, or to your own hard disk. They store information (all the book reports you have written are stored on the hard disk), and .
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It is written in very easy language. Theory part is well. Electronic Digital Computers: Their Use in Science and Engineering describes the principles underlying computer design and operation. This book describes the various applications of computers, the stages involved in using them, and their limitations.
The machine is composed of the hardware which is run by a program. Vol. IV - Digital. The world of electronics was initially dominated by analogue signals—that is, signals representing a continuous range of values. In digital circuitry, however, there are only two states: on and off, also referred to as 1 and 0, respectively.
This lecture note is an introduction to build digital integrated circuits with emphasis on the transistor level aspects of IC design. Topics to be covered are CMOS logic design, integrated circuit processing, layout design, transistor sizing, combinational circuit design, sequential logic, power dissipation, crossing clock domains, memory circuits, and I/O circuits.
More than free eBooks to read or download in english for your computer, smartphone, ereader or tablet!, Computers, Download free computers ebooks. The first part of e-Books summarizes the essential and reasonably stable nature of e-Books referring to digital object with textual and/or other contents.
It is the result of integrating the common concept of a book with features that can be provided in an electronic by: An e-book is a book published in digital form. It can consist of images music, animation, sound effects.
We can read e-books on computers or other electronic devices like kindles. The book is named Digital Electronic and it contains all the basic knowledge from the field of electronics. The book is written by Anil K.
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The digital element of the first electronic machines was a flip-flop composed of two triodes. As a result of the use of such a digital element, the first electronic digital computer contained a large number of electron tubes and had a low reliability. Nevertheless, the ENIAC marked the beginning of the history of electronic digital computers.
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Textbooks were once a major piece of educational infrastructure. But as digital content expands, a new kind of 'textbook' is improving the quality of K instruction.Buy Electronic Marketing: Integrating Electronic Resources into the Marketing Process 2nd edition () by Joel Reedy and Shauna J.
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