Delivering SmartSequencing outside of the equipment rack, with remote relay.
Furman’s Contractor Series MiniPorts extend the benefits of SmartSequencing to electronics outside of the equipment rack, providing tremendous flexibility to any installation scenario. Units may be daisy-chained and fully controlled via a Furman SmartSequencer, legacy Furman sequencer, third-party sequencers, via the Internet (with BB-RS232 adaptor and SmartSequencer), and/or control and automation systems.
DIP switches and potentiometer allows customization of settings such as sequencing delays, 12V on/off, and more. Security covers are provided to prevent unauthorized personnel from tampering with DIP switches.
Sequencing of duplex initiated remotely by standard analog triggering (remote terminal) or digital link (SmartSequencing from CN-1800S or CN-2400S).
The CN-15MP can shut itself off automatically when triggered by a fire alarm.
Furman CN-15MP Features at a Glance
- SmartSequencing™ – SmartSequencing allows bidirectional, safe sequenced power up/down operations via the push of a button or turn of a key.
- Voltage Protection – Extreme Voltage Shutdown (EVS) safeguards from catastrophic under-voltage (under 80V sustained) or over-voltage (over 145V sustained) conditions. The EVS feature can be selectively enabled or disabled according to the preference of the user.
- BlueBOLT Compatible® – IP Control (Telnet or cloud-based BlueBOLT) via SmartSequencing (when connected to CN-1800S/CN-2400S with BB-RS232 Adaptor).
- Diagnostic Lights – Diagnostic lights provide valuable system information including power quality.
- 15 Amp Output Current – 15 amp maximum current capacity with incorporated 15 amp thermal circuit breaker.
- DIP Switch Customization – DIP switches and potentiometer allows customization of settings such as sequencing delays, 12V on/off, and more. Security covers are provided to prevent unauthorized personnel from tampering with DIP switches.
Furman CN-15MP Specifications General
- FamilyContractor Series
- Line Voltage120 (Volts)
- Length11.7 (Inches)
- Width9.2 (Inches)
- Height4.5 (Inches)
- Weight5 (Lbs)
- Unit of MeasureEach
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***Please Check Screen shots for proper notification setting***
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Its a fairly simple App that will put CPU1/2/3 OFFLINE when the screen turns off. Once the screen comes back on, it will allow CPU1/2/3 back ONLINE.
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Since we have Quad Core CPUs, we have a CPU 0 and a CPU1/2/3, while the screen is off we really only need to have 1 core active "CPU0", this App will make sure CPU1/2/3 shuts off while the screen is off, then resumes normal usage when the screen comes back on.
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We invite Russian and foreign scientists to cooperation!
Nonlinear optical effects at wave propagation are complex phenomena that can occur in fiber optics, in the atmosphere, in wire, and in any anisotropic medium with nonlinearity. Nonlinearity is the key to introducing novel concepts in various technologies utilizing traveling waves. Problems of electromagnetic wave propagation in nonlinear waveguide structures are intensively investigated for several decades. In fiber optics, for example, the problem of the delivery of high-power optic pulses with the required parameters to the destination point appears straight at the beginning of their practical usage. The nonlinear effects can arise due to the Kerr effect, Raman scattering, chromatic dispersion, high wave power, and medium anisotropic, etc.
Phenomena of electromagnetic wave propagation in nonlinear media have original importance and also finds a lot of applications, for example, in plasma physics, microelectronics, optics, and laser technology. There are a lot of interesting nonlinear phenomena in media when an electromagnetic wave propagates, such as self-focusing, defocusing, self-channeling. The spectral and spatial components of light do not affect each other at the linear propagation of light, unlike the nonlinear interaction of light with matter gives rise to the complex coupling between the wave modes. Nonlinear effects degrade signal quality as the launched signal power is increased.
In the last decade and, more in particular, in the last few years, this field of research has been gaining a great deal of attention. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is the basic equation describing the propagation of an intense optical wave in a fiber. Investigation of nonlinear phenomena in a medium leads to solving nonlinear differential equations. In some cases, it is necessary to solve nonlinear boundary eigenvalue problems.
All linear effects occurring during wave propagation have been studied, moreover, for many of them there are analytical solutions, now they are out of interest. Now is the age of studying nonlinear effects. This Special Issue of Fibers intends to cover recent advances in the general field of nonlinear effects related to wave propagation in wire and the optical environment.
Dr. Airat Zh. Sakhabutdinov
This special issue is now open for submission.
Detailed information can be obtained at the link: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/fibers/special_issues/high_power_pulse_propagation_optical_fibers«.


Principles of technical electricity
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Blackie & son limited , London, Glasgow
Electricity., Electric curr
|Statement||by M. Nelkon.|
|LC Classifications||QC518 .N4|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||4 p. l., 240 p.|
|LC Control Number||47019832|
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Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology 3rd ed by John In this book John Bird introduces electrical principles and technology through examples rather than theory - enabling students to develop a sound understanding of the principles needed by technicians in fields such as electrical engineering, electronics and telecommunications/5(32).
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Basic Electricity Complete Course, Volume was perfect. I taught me everything I needed to Know. The first chapter started with explaining what causes electricity, in such a simple way that anyone could understand.
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The emphasis is on the practical aspects of the subject, and the author has followed his usual successful formula, incorporating many worked examples. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY The technical term electricity is the property of certain particles to possess a force field which is neither gravitational nor nuclear.
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Electronic Measurements: Exercises and Assignments. Introduction to Vectors. Electromagnetism for Electronic Engineers. Advanced Topics in Electrodynamics. Introduction to Digital Signal and System Analysis.
Electric Drive. e-books in Electrical Engineering category AC Circuits by Chad Davis - University of Oklahoma, This book covers AC circuit theory as well us a brief introduction of electronics.
It covers the basic theory of AC signals, sinusoidal waveforms, square waves, triangle waves, the mathematics background, resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
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Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering 1st Year Books & Notes Pdf Free Download: From this page, you will get the whole lecture notes on basic electrical & electronics subject in a single download university students can download BEEE books & Notes for free of cost in pdf format which is available here.
Preface The 5th Edition of Basic Electrical Installation Work has been completely rewritten in 14 Chapters to closely match the 14 Outcomes of the City and Guilds qualiﬁ cation. The technical content has been revised and updated to the requirements of the.
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Basic Principles of Electricity EE Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ()3 Course Syllabus (Offered to non-EE students only) Prerequisite: PHYS or consent of the department.
•Basic Principles of Electricity, •Circuit Analysis, •AC Circuits, •AC Power, •Phasors, •Three Phase Systems, •Transformers. Electricity. Electricity, simply put, is the flow of electric current along a conductor. This electric current takes the form of free electrons that transfer from one atom to the next.
Thus, the more free electrons a material has, the better it conducts. There are three primary electrical parameters: the volt, the ampere and the ohm.
The Volt. Written by the renowned technical authors Rex Miller and Mark R. Miller, this essential resource covers all electrical and electronic principles and applications of HVAC, including basic electricity electric measuring instruments control devices heating circuits refrigeration and freezer circuits and other.
The Basic Electricity and Electronics textbook covers basic, non mathematical approach to understanding principles of electricity. Introduces electron theory, static electricity, electrons in motion, and magnetism. Covers basic methods of measuring current, voltage, and resistance.
Electrical Current Current is a flow of charge. Each electron carries a charge of × coulombs. This is far too small to be any use, so we consider electricity to flow in packets called coulombs.
When there is a flow of 1 coulomb per second, a current of 1 amp is flowing. Current circuit electric is measured in ampères, or amps (A). To help further understand the ins and outs of electricity and electrical principles, search the plethora of electrical engineering books available online.
One of the big industries spawned from electrical principles is automation. Automation is electricity working for you to accomplish a task.
The book is effectively sectionedinto two mainblocks: Chapters cover the basic elements of photovoltaics-theindividual electricity-producing cell. The readeris told why PV cells work, and how theyare made. Thereis also a chapter on advanced types of silicon cells.
Chapters cover the.Electrical and Electronic Principles. In response to comments from colleges requesting that the contents more closely match the objectives of the BTEC unit Electrical and Electronic Principles, some chapters have been removed and some exchanged with the companion book Further Electrical and Electronic Principles, ISBN This module describes electrical measuring and test equipment and includes the parameters measured and the principles of operation of common instruments.
Module 15 - Electrical Distribution Systems This module describes basic electrical distribution systems and includes characteristics of system design to ensure personnel and equipment safety.
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It's the simplest solution for in-car wireless charging. It combines wireless charging technology with a magnetic phone dock. Securely charging a phone in your car has never been easier.
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This books aims to present fundamental aspects of optical communication techniques and advanced modulation techniques and extensive applications of optical communications systems and networks employing single-mode optical fibers as the transmission system. New digital techqniues such as chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear phase distortion effects, etc. will be discussed. Practical models for practice and understanding the behavior and dynamics of the devices and systems will be included.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction Section I 2. Direct Modulation of Laser and Optical Injection Locking Sources 3. Binary Digital Optical Modulation Section II 4. Guided-Wave Photonic Transmitters: External Modulation and Formats 5. Binary and Multi-Level Complex Signal Optical Modulation 6. Incoherent and Coherent Optical Receivers 7. Coherent Optical Receiver 8. Multi-Carrier OFDM Optical Modulation 9. Modulation for Short-Reach Access Optical Transmission 10. Pulse Shaping Modulation and Superchannels Section III 11. Single Mode Planar Optical Waveguide 12. Graded-Index Integrated Modulators 13. 3D Integrated Optical Waveguides for Modulators 14. Optical Fibers: Geometrical and Lightwaves Guiding Properties 15. Introduction to Design of Optical Transmission Systems
Le Binh was educated in Vietnam with Baccalaureate Parts I and II and awarded the Colombo Plan Scholarship of the Australian Government to undertake his university education in Australia. He received the degrees of B.E.(Hons) and PhD in Electronic Engineering and Integrated Photonics in 1975 and 1979 respectively, both from the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering of Monash University after a three years period with CSIRO as a research engineer developing the first micro-computer systems for massive data computing and storage. He was appointed Reader in 1995. He has works on several world class programmes as principal research engineer with the Department of Optical Communications of Siemens AG Central Research Laboratories in Munich and with the Advanced Technology Centre of Nortel Networks in Harlow, U.K. While under his leadership the research group pioneered the most advanced technological development in the fields of optical communications and integrated photonics.
Le Binh has an outstanding research record and has contributed significantly to the fields of integrated optics, optical communications systems and networks, and photonic signal processing. He has authored and co-authored more than 300 papers in leading journals and refereed conferences and published ten books in the field of photonic signal processing and digital optical communications, all by CRC Press (a Taylor & Francis Company)]. Dr Binh is a certified member of Institution of Engineers and Technologist (UK). He has served on technical programs committee of numerous international conferences, a member of the Advisory Board of, numerous research grant applications of several global research bodies. He has been appointed as the member of the Editorial Board of Open Optics Journal.
Over the years he has developed the foundation courses of optical communications, photonic signal processing and has taug


Daniel Mellinger and his team from the GRASP Lab at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a system that allows flying robots to construct just about any structure. A human only needs to decide on the design before an algorithm takes over to determine where parts should be placed to create it. Tiny helicopters then follow these instructions and coordinate with each other by choosing the next part placement in a list.
The team also developed a gripper that can easily pick up parts lying horizontally or upright. Once a piece is in position, magnets snap it in place. The only limits to what these helicopters can build are the number of parts available and their battery power.
Earlier this year, the researchers had these robots perform acrobatic feats, like doing triple flips in the air and flying through windows at various angles. In the future, they hope to incorporate charging stations so that the robots can build for longer. They may also get them to collaborate with ground robots.


Today's power grid complexity and the continued emergence of electronics in commercial and industrial operations can be intimidating, even for the most seasoned engineers and electricians.
Because power quality issues can turn into the most mysterious problems, NETTAN Solutions is constantly developing its understanding of the matter. On the floor, variable speed drives (VFDs) trip and shut down processes, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) give false alarms and breakers trip inadvertently. In offices, computers freeze, lights flicker and an annoying noise is heard on phone lines. From a practical standpoint, power quality is a measure of how well the electrical system supports its own processes.
If there are no malfunctions of electrical loads, it is possible that there is no concern but if there are outages, overheating transformers, computer freezes or unexplained equipment downtime, there are more likely power quality-related problems. And it may just be the tip of the iceberg because the later the solutions are implemented, the more costly those problems will be as time goes by and the more risky an unplanned shutdown may occur.
NETTAN Solutions acts as a consulting partner to ensure the compliance of the customer's network with industrial standards (IEEE 1159, IEEE 519, C.25-01, IEC 61000-4-30, EN 50160, NFPA 70B, etc.). Our team includes qualified and experienced professionals who can manage any risk or problem associated to power quality. There is always a reward with smart energy management.
NETTAN Solutions advocates the following methodology which is personalised to suit each situation.


A stud finding system is essentially a portable gadget made use of on timber frameworks to discover mounting studs concealed behind the drywall or trim, generally behind the last drywall wall panel. While there are a range of stud searching for systems available, a lot of them come under 2 significant categories: electric as well as magnetic stud searching for tools. Both of these systems work well, yet your ideal choice may boil down to which one will certainly work best for you. If you have a redesigning task to finish as well as you are seeking a quick way to locate studs in your house, you might wish to select a stud searching for system that uses a magnet to find studs. Magnetic stud finders make use of a magnetic field to discover concealed studs. This is really reliable when there is an unequal or rounded surface area that you require to find studs about. As an example, if you have a little deck over the cooking area et cetera of your residence is constructed of solid timber, you might have a challenging time locating studs with a standard timber chisel heads. With a magnetic stud searching for tool, all you have to do is utilize it to shine a light over the area you intend to discover studs. When you make certain that the light sparkles onto a tough surface area, you can after that use the magnetic field of the gadget to find any type of hidden studs. Because magnets don’t have an electric charge, they don’t generate static electrical power which could potentially damage sensitive electronics like your computer or tv. Magnetic stud finding systems likewise set you back much less than other sorts of stud finders due to the fact that they do not need to be replaced as frequently as other kinds of stud-finding tools. These tools are also very easy to set up. You don’t also have to be a handyman to do so. You can even do it yourself if you favor, yet hiring a person to do it would possibly be less costly. Plus, the procedure of setting up one is truly easy – you just affix the system to the surface area that you need to find studs as well as stick it right into the ground. Magnetic stud finding systems are commonly simpler to utilize than electric stud searching for gadgets because you do not have to touch them in order to use them. This makes it much easier to find concealed studs than to complete a renovation task. Electric stud finding units are normally powered by electricity, and also you need to worry about touching sensitive electric tools while making use of one of them, making it more difficult for some home owners to finish their renovating tasks. Magnetic stud finding gadgets are also typically much more effective than magnetic devices that count on fixed magnetic fields. A lot of magnetic devices use radio waves in order to discover studs, however several magnetic systems utilize microwave regularities as well. Microwaves will typically produce much faster results. While they might not be as exact, microwaves are much quicker and also extra trusted than magnets. Therefore, if you plan on completing your renovation tasks rapidly, a magnetic stud searching for device might be your best bet.


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Working across time and space: a fractured landscape
With recent improvements in digital technology (such as increased bandwidth, smart phones and tablets, cloud servers, cloud software and the like) we are seeing the emergence of new types of working arrangements. One such arrangement is the partially distributed team, where not all members work in the same location and communication is a blend of face to face and online. This paper is informed by my PhD research project, and explores the experience of a partially distributed team that provides intensive therapeutic care to children who are clients of the child protection system. Data was created using socioanalytic methods (Long, 2013) and is being used to identify some of the potential benefits/challenges for team effectiveness and organisational efficiency.


Thermostats are used to turn on heating or cooling systems to bring the home to a set temperature. In addition to basic temperature control, programmable thermostats can be used to manage the indoor environment of our home at different times of the day or week, This type of control can have a dramatic impact on the overall energy use of your home. We carry a complete line of thermostats. We can help you chose the one that best matches your needs.
Zoning can provide optimum comfort with increased energy savings in your home by dividing a home into areas with similar heating and cooling needs and independently controlling the temperature in each are. Much like multiple light switches that independently control lighting in different rooms, with zoning multiple zone thermostats or sensors control temperature in different areas of the home.
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With previous work experience as both an electrical engineer and a software developer in several different industries, Justin has a diverse background in many computer-related technologies as well as practical experience in a wide variety of business management approaches. Justin leverages this broad background to effectively relate with each client’s in-house counsel and engineers in developing successful intellectual property strategies to ensure that their innovations are well-protected.
Justin’s practice focuses on the preparation and prosecution of U.S. and foreign patent applications, primarily in various types of computer, hardware, and software-related arts. Justin has extensive experience with patent prosecution in areas of hardware (such as electrical systems, devices, and components) and software (particularly enterprise software). Justin also advises clients on matters such as patentability, validity, and infringement.
During his time as an engineer at Bell+Howell, Justin developed a multi-feed page detector, designed various entry and exit sensor assemblies, and prepared several circuit board layouts for a brand-new line of high-volume document scanners. As a software developer at two of the top management consulting firms Accenture and Ernst & Young, Justin performed detailed platform assessments and implemented several types of billing and customer service systems for clients in a variety of industries.
Justin greatly enjoys working for high-tech leaders pursuing cutting-edge technologies and strives to provide his clients with high-quality work product, valuable guidance, and personal attention.


What are vape devices
Vaping is a small device that looks like traditional cigarette, it looks like a usb drive, and they breath it into the mouth just be inhaling a battery activated hidden coil. Warms up a substance that is aerosolized.
And aerosolized means a tiny particle that you can inhale in. And the go through the mouth, through the main airway down into the lungs. One example of a vape device is a puff bar.
People, especially vapers have been asking how to charge a puff bar. check the following articles to know more about this puff bar
How to charge a Puff bar
A puff bar (electronic cigarette )nature is disposable that is, when it’s in use and the e-juice gets finished or dries up, or the battery goes flat, it’s not meant for keeps for a long time.
You can decide not to dispose it and rather recharge it, but there are major ways which require much attention before you can charge it, it’s quite techie, that’s more reason why you need to pay attention
The best way to charge a puff bar is by loosing the speaker, after that, pull out the circuit board.
Remove the battery from there, after removing the battery, you’ll find two loose wires which will be of use to you later(very important).
You can as well get an old usb charger for it. Check below procedures on how to charge a disposable vape device.
Now, before doing any of the below mentioned, you must remember how the wires were fixed before disassembling it so you don’t fine it difficult to fix back.
It’s ok to charge a puff bar, but some of these puff bars are disposable and once you have dismantled it, it has automatically spoilt. That’s more reason why you need to pay attention to the type of vape device so as not to waste your time scattering it to charge it, and at the end, it doesn’t charge. There are different types of puff bars/vape devices. Here, you’ll see the types you can charge and the ones you can’t charge. In the later part of this write up, you’ll be able to know what types of vape devices can actual e charged.
Please be very careful while doing this, as it might be a little bit confusing, so you don’t spoil the puff bar.
Look at the end of the vape device, you’ll find a small/tiny crevice at the extreme. Slowly take the cover of the device using the screwdriver. After this, you’ll see an inbuilt tank and battery.
Then, smartly pull the contents out. Make sure you don’t remove the component completely. You only have to see that the wires and sensors and visible to you.
take your time to study how these wires are connected so it won’t be difficult to put them back together after charging. Once it’s misplaced, you’ve messed up the whole process.
Once they are exposed, you’ll see the colors of the wires with the battery (red and black) this means they are compatible with your vape device/puff bar for charging.
Remember, the cable won’t have its port, the cable should be opened and the two tiny wires should be out. Making it 4 wires, two from the puff bar and two from the usb cable.
Now, connect the red wire on the puff bar to the red wire on the usb. And also connect the black wire on the puff back to the black wire on the usb cord. After this it’s almost time to charge.
After you’ve connected the wire, look for a paper tape and stick the two together. Because it’s not going to charge if they are not held together while the charges is plugged in electricity.
Now it’s time to charge, plug in the charger to electricity and charge for at least 10 mins which is the adviced duration and people who charge their puff bar have stated same thing.
The charger shouldn’t be high voltage because it might destroy the puff bar. The best charger to use is ios charger because of it’s safety.
Warning: be sure the wires are connected correctly to avoid any destruction of any kind.
How to charge a puff bar without wires
From research, puff bars are made up of batter and most of them are disposable,so if you must charge your disposable puff bar it’s not possible to charge them without wires as they are electronic.
How do I know if my puff bar is empty
It starts to blink or it stops working.
How long do puff bars last
This is measured by the way you puff, and how deep you puff and the time you spend puffing. A normal puff bar stays over 7-9 days before going off.
Notes and precautions to pay attention to
What do you do when you drop a puff bar on
Quickly have a check around it if it has any crack or any damage to prevent using it at the wrong time, for safety sake.
Do puff bars run out?
Of course they run out, that’s it’s disposable, either it runs out of power or it runs out of e-liquid.
Why is my puff bar blinking?
Your puff bar blinks when the battery is flat or the e-liquid is empty.


[操作系统]Bare Medal on BCM2835 and BCM2836
A few days ago, I have tried to write bare medal program but failed. Now I find that the main mistake is that I have mistake the address of GPIO of BCM 2835(Raspberry Pi 1 for which the sample code is desined ) and BCM2836(Raspberry Pi 2 which I am using).
Firstly, the base address of GPIO is changed.
Address of RPi BCM2835: 0x20000000
Address of RPi BCM2836: 0x3f000000
Let us make it more easier
Create two file BCM2835.h and BCM2836.h to recode the macro define.
#define PBASE 0x20000000
#define PBASE 0x3f000000
Then in the code which control your used to control the peripheral, like periph.c, add the following code:
#ifdef RPI2#include "BCM2836.h" //Raspberry Pi 2#else#include "BCM2835.h" //Raspberry Pi 1#endif//Ther other macro looks like this:#define ARM_TIMER_CTL (PBASE + 0x0000B408)
At last, we could modify our Makefile to generate two kernel image:
- kernel.img : for Raspberry Pi 1, BCM2835
- Kernel7.img : for Raspberry Pi 2, BCM2836
To do this, you could add -DRpi2 in your compile cmd to add the macro define
$(ARMGNU)-gcc $(COPS) -c periph.c -o periph7.o -DRPI2
And this is why your /boot/ directory has both kernel.img and kernel7.img.
The official has already consider the two situations.


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OZEO-E ECOWATT CO2 with radiofrequency remote control and CO2 sensor.
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Digital security exists to detect and fix threats that could endanger an organization’s digital environment and should be part of the strategies of the entire business model to keep it safe from data leakage and cyberattacks that could jeopardize organizational continuity.
Especially in the current scenario, with the expansion of remote work and widespread reliance on solutions for virtual meetings, bringing the trend of use of personal devices and virtual private networks, there is an increase in digital threats in companies around the world, requiring agile security solutions to address constantly evolving cyberthreats.
Need for security governance, aligning objectives and strategies - both business and cyber protection
Employees conscious and prepared for the success of protection, through educational programs that lead to engagement
Security and privacy program through evaluation and implementation of regulatory procedures
Create conditions for working from home, a new reality for most companies, to develop under the right and secure conditions
It is critical that CISOs understand emerging cybersecurity trends, assessing their potential impacts so that they can create a resilient, future-ready organization.
Latin America is expected to grow by 12% in information security in 2020, compared to the same performance last year.
The pandemic has taken several companies by surprise. Many were not prepared to manage remote work, and their employees did not have a basic layer of security to securely access corporate systems or information.
What is the level of protection and vulnerability of your organizational environment? Protect your business from attacks, avoiding financial and branding damage to your business:
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Based on event analysis (EPS) we have developed a customized security solution that meets the needs of each company, using technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Intelligence. Combining the investigation of Commitment Indicators (IOC) with inferences of Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP) used in digital attacks, it is possible to perform a wide vulnerability analysis.
Development and maintenance of a development cycle with the prerequisites to increase resilience, avoiding cyberattacks, and meeting the expectations of Security & Privacy by Design and Security & Privacy by Default. Using DevSecOps we offer agility in the development process, without renouncing encryption - critical to data protection - and the development of professionals to keep permanent updating.
Identifies critical vulnerabilities in web applications, databases, servers, and network devices, directing remediation effort to fixed assets and creating continuous security management.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the landscape of various industries, and the engineering sector is no exception. AI-based solutions are already playing a significant role in engineering design, manufacturing, construction, and other areas. In this article, we will explore what AI like ChatGPT can do to engineering jobs and the impact it might have on the industry.
One of the most significant benefits of AI in engineering is its ability to improve efficiency and speed up complex processes. AI can automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks, such as data entry, analysis, and optimisation. This allows engineers to focus on more critical and creative tasks, such as innovation and problem-solving. AI can also help engineers improve accuracy and reduce errors by analysing data and detecting patterns that may not be immediately apparent to humans.
However, there are concerns about AI replacing engineers in some tasks. For example, AI-based algorithms can be used to design and optimise products, reducing the need for human input. However, it is important to note that AI is not a substitute for engineers. Rather, it is a tool that can be used to complement and enhance their skills.
Engineers should embrace AI and other emerging technologies to stay relevant and efficient. This means staying on the cutting edge of technology and investing in professional design control and drawing management systems. These systems can help engineers streamline their workflow and improve collaboration, allowing them to focus on more critical tasks.
AI can also help engineers make better decisions by providing insights and recommendations based on data analysis. For example, AI algorithms can be used to analyse data from sensors and other sources to identify potential issues and predict failures before they occur. This can help engineers take preventive measures to avoid costly downtime and repairs.
In conclusion, AI is already transforming the engineering industry, and its impact will only grow in the future. Engineers should be open to embracing new technologies and using them to complement their skills and enhance their work. By doing so, they can stay competitive and efficient, and ensure they remain at the forefront of the industry. AI like ChatGPT can provide significant benefits to engineers, and they should be prepared to leverage them for their advantage.


Computer Vision Syndrome
Is referred to as digital eye strain, describes a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader and cell phone use. Many individuals experience eye discomfort and vision problems when viewing digital screens for extended periods. The level of discomfort appears to increase with the amount of digital screen use.
The average American worker spends seven hours a day on the computer either in the office or working from home. To help alleviate digital eye strain, follow the 20-20-20 Rule; take a 20-second break to view something 20 feet away every 20 minutes.
Uncorrected vision problems can increase the severity of computer vision syndrome (CVS) or digital eye strain symptoms. Viewing a computer or digital screen is different than reading a printed page. Often the letters on the computer or handheld device are not as precise or sharply defined, the level of contrast of the letters to the background is reduced, and the presence of glare and reflections on the screen may make viewing difficult.


3 edition of M68HC11 gripper controller electronics found in the catalog.
M68HC11 gripper controller electronics
by Center for Intelligent Robotic Systems for Space Exploration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Technical Information Service, distributor in Troy, N.Y, [Washington, DC, Springfield, Va
Written in English
|Statement||by Robert B. Kelley and Jeffrey Bethel.|
|Series||[NASA contractor report] -- NASA CR-192732., CIRSSE report -- #92., NASA contractor report -- NASA CR-192732., CIRSSE report -- #92.|
|Contributions||Bethel, Jeffrey., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.|
|The Physical Object|
Some plastics applications require a special gripper to tackle the job efficiently. Whether you require a Needle Gripper to handle textiles, easy to use Electric Grippers that require no programming or an ID gripper, EMI has it! We offer a wide range of specialty pneumatic robot grippers, including Mini Grippers, ID Grippers, Dock & Lock. Pandaren PS4 Controller Grip,Studded Anti-Slip PS4 Controller Cover Silicone Skin for PS4 /Slim/PRO Controller(Black Controller Skin x 1 + FPS PRO Thumb Grips x 8) out of 5 stars $ $ 9.
Programming Secrets of the M68HC11 Septem Embedded Staff Since the introduction of the MC68HCIIA8 microcontroller in , the family has grown to more than a dozen primary derivatives and nearly million units have been sold. Electronics Projects for Engineering Students: Water Level Controller using Microcontroller: Here we are designing the circuit which is used to detect and control the water level automatically in overhead tank using is used in industries to control the liquid level automatically.
The KR C4 controller is a pioneer for the automation of today and tomorrow. It reduces costs in integration, maintenance and servicing. At the same time, the long-term efficiency and flexibility of the systems are increased – thanks to common, open industry standards.. The KR C4 software architecture integrates Robot Control, PLC Control, Motion Control (for example ) and Safety Control. PS4 Controller Etpark Wireless Controller for Playstation 4/Pro/Slim/PC, Touch Panel Gamepad with Dual Vibration and Audio Function, Anti-Slip Grip and Mini LED Indicator out of 5 stars $ $ 99 $ $
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M68HC11 — Rev. Reference Manual. M68HC Reference Manual. To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web will be the most current.
Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information. Get this from a library. M68HC11 gripper controller electronics. [Robert Kelley; Jeffrey Bethel; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.].
This HC11 M68HC11 REFERENCE MANUAL will be a valuable aid in the development of M68HC11 applications. Detailed descriptions of all internal subsystems and functions have been developed and carefully checked against internal Motorola design documentation, making this manual the most comprehensive reference available for the M68HC11 Family of microcontroller units (MCUs).Author: Motorola.
The M68HC11 gripper controller electronics Kelley, Robert B.; Bethel, Jeffrey; Abstract. This document describes the instrumentation, operational theory, circuit implementation, calibration procedures, and general notes for the CIRSSE general purpose pneumatic hand.
The mechanical design and the control software are discussed. The circuit Author: Robert B. Kelley, Jeffrey Bethel. The M68HC11 gripper controller electronics. By Jeffrey Bethel and Robert B. Kelley. Abstract. This document describes the instrumentation, operational theory, circuit implementation, calibration procedures, and general notes for the M68HC11 gripper controller electronics book general purpose pneumatic hand.
The mechanical design and the control software are : Jeffrey Bethel and Robert B. Kelley. Book recommendations, author interviews, editors' picks, and more. Read it now. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App.
Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Apple. Android. Windows Phone Format: Hardcover. M68HC11 Microcontrollers M68HC11RM/D Rev. 6, 4/ M68HC11 Reference Manual. M68HC11 — Rev.
6 Reference Manual MOTOROLA 3 M68HC11 Reference Manual To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web will be the most current.
Your printed. More Electronics Books / Electronics Engineering Books / Microcontroller Books / M68HC11 Reference Manual (PDF p) M68HC11 Reference Manual (PDF p) M68HC11 Reference Manual (PDF p) Currently this section contains no detailed description for. This book differs in scope from many other books on microcontrollers in that it combines in-depth coverage of the M68HC11's applications in control, instrumentation and communication into a single source.
It is designed to help readers develop hands-on experience in both software and s: 2. HC11 Microcontrollers M68HC11E Family Data Sheet M68HC11E Rev. 07/ 2. Motorola, \HC11 | M68HC11 Reference Manual", Part number M68HC11RM/AD. Frederick F. Driscoll, Robert F. Coughlin, Robert S. Villanucci, \Data acquisition and process control with the M68HC11 micro-controller", Merrill/Macmillan Inter-national, ISBN X 4.
Joseph L. Jones and Anita M. Flynn, \Mobile Robots: Inspiration to. M68HC11 K Series Technical Summary 8-Bit Microcontroller The M68HC11 K-series microcontroller units (MCUs) are high-performance derivatives of the MC68HC11F1 and have several additional features.
The MC68HC11K0, MC68HC11K1, MC68HC11K3, MC68HC11K4 and MC68HCK4 comprise the series. These MCUs, with a nonmul. 8-Bit Microcontrollers, MC68HC11 datasheet, MC68HC11 circuit, MC68HC11 data sheet: MOTOROLA, alldatasheet, datasheet, Datasheet search site for Electronic Components.
The gripper system consists of a dedicated controller and a pneumatic powered two-fingered gripper that is servoed in position or grasping force. The gripper has a between-fingertip-light-beam sensor; it is used to detect when a part is introduced between the fingers and provides an automatic grasp function.
Possible text for instrumentation and control, industrial electronics, fuzzy logic and inference, or M68HC11 assembly language and machine code. Providing comprehensive coverage of the M68HC11 microcontroller, this text attacks the material on all levels of learning.
The 68HC11 ( or HC11 for short) is an 8-bit microcontroller (µC) family introduced by Motorola in Now produced by NXP Semiconductors, it descended from the Motorola microprocessor by way of the It is a CISC microcontroller. The 68HC11 devices are more powerful and more expensive than the 68HC08 microcontrollers, and are used in automotive applications, barcode readers.
Datasheets, M68HC11 reference manual, and assembly programming reference guide for the Motorola Freescale MC68HC11F1 microcontroller, the processor used by the QCard Controller, 68HC11 hardware and software interfacing, 68HC11 block diagrams.
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It is intended that this chapter will motivate the contents of the book. “M68HC11 gripper controller software,” CIRSSE Rep Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, May  J.
Bethel, “M68HC11 gripper controller electronics,” CIRSSE Rep Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, forthcoming. Google Scholar. Microcontroller M68HC11 Microcontroller is a single chip used to control other devices. It contains a CPU, memory and I/O (input/output) circuits. M68HC11 is one of the microcontroller families from Freescale Semiconductor.
It is an 8-bit controller chip with added features such as Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and output compare. SMC electric gripper series includes three series (LEHZ, LEHZJ and LEHF) fitted with two fingers. LEHS is available with three fingers. Dust covers, low profile fingers and long stroke options are some of the series options.
The 3 finger type is ideal for holding round work pieces. Benefits of electric grippers include adjustable gripping.from book Proceedings of the FISITA World Automotive Congress: Volume 6: Vehicle Electronics (pp) The M68HC11 gripper controller software.Using the M68HC11 Microcontroller: A Guide to Interfacing and Programming uses an integrated lab/text format, emphasizing application, analysis and evaluation skills.
Thirty-three hands-on exercises, twenty-seven cognitive exercises, and review questions support the text. Each chapter begins with goals and objectives and ends with a chapter review.
pages, hardcover Contents 1.


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For example by putting a small embedded system web server in our house, we could easily monitor such as alarm, temperature or even turn on/off the lamp or the garden’s water sprinkle; eventually from any remote location through the wireless personal gadget; Or perhaps you just want to impress your relative or friend with a very accurate digital clock which automatically synchronized the time through the Network Time Protocol (NTP) over the internet at your home or office.
Wiznet W5100, W5300, Microchip ENC28J60 and wireless such as the Microchip ZG2100MC Wi-Fi module (recently is acquired by Microchip from the Zero-G Wireless on Jan 11, 2010).
On this tutorial we are going to build the embedded web server using the Wiznet WIZ811MJ network module which is based on the Wiznet well known W5100 TCP/IP hardwired chip that include the ethernet controller physical layer (PHY).
The WIZ811MJ network module comes with the Wiznet W5100 chip, MAG-JACK (RJ45) together with the glued logic needed to communicate with the microcontroller through the SPI or bus interface.
The reason I choose the Wiznet 5100 based chip on this tutorial because this chip has the TCP/IP hardwired on it; therefore it will make developing the TCP/IP protocol stack based application much easier and could be implemented on the small RAM size microcontroller class compared to the firmware TCP/IP protocols stack based implementation approach (you don’t have to know everything about the TCP/IP protocol stack in order to be able to use this chip).
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A major trend in today's Internet applications is the use of multi-tenant datacenters. Such infrastructures offer a proper environment for elastic growth by employing a simple pay-per-use model. However, the use of shared network resources on datacenters brings major challenges, such as performance unpredictability, new security concerns and poor performance of conventional Internet protocols. In this tutorial, I’ll present an overview of multi-tenant datacenter networks, including discovered limitations and how recent proposals seek to address them on each layer. Issues include approaches to guarantee minimum bandwidth for individual or groups of tenants, performance predictability, proportional division of network resources and security issues. The tutorial will close with open challenges and research directions.
Biography of the lecture
Prof. Marinho P. Barcellos received his PhD degree in Computer Science from University of Newcastle Upon Tyne (1998). In 2003-2004, he worked for the University of Manchester at British Telecomm research labs, evaluating high-performance reliable multicast transport protocols. Since 2008 Prof. Barcellos has been with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), where he is an Associate Professor. He has authored many papers in leading journals and conferences related to computer networks, network and service management, distributed systems, and computer security, also serving as TPC member and chair. He is currently the appointed chair of the Special Interest Group on Computer Security of the Brazilian Computer Society (CESeg/SBC). He is a member of SBC, IEEE and ACM. His interests are virtualized and cloud-oriented networks as well as large-scale and autonomous decentralized systems.
More info at http://www.inf.ufrgs.br/~marinho


New Energy Industry
In recent years, the issue of energy supply and demand has received increasing attention. Effectively storing and timely utilizing alternative energy sources have become crucial topics. In this context, the equipment for energy storage, referred to as energy storage containers, plays a pivotal role, and its internal operations inevitably generate waste heat. Therefore, the proper configuration of cooling fans is crucial to maintaining the normal operation of energy storage.
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Robotic Process Automation
Robotic process automation is the process of automating business operation with the help of Robots. RPA is a way to automate repetitive and often rules-based tasks the process in business operations with the help of robots.
RPA technology can be used to automate operations like the back-office process, infrastructure, user interaction, website, etc. RPA is a software program and we can use it on our computers, laptops, Smartphones. The main goal of Robotics process automation is to reduce human interactions. It also improves customer satisfaction with the applications. RPA is cognizant of & IBM concept and the salary of fresher will start from five lakh per annum.
Big Data is a term used to describe very large amounts of data. in a simple way, big data means huge data and this data keeps on increasing with time. This data is so large and complex that it is very difficult to store and process it by the traditional software applications.
Benefits of Big Data Analytics
Big Data can be used to Companies or organizations can do better decision making, Errors are detected very quickly.
Improves customer service, New product development and saves time, Controls its online reputation,
The following are the types of big data analytics
- Perspective Analytics
- Predictive Analytics
- Diagnostic Analytics
- Descriptive Analytics
As you know which invention has changed the world in the twenty-first century, surely everyone would believe that a device called a smartphone changed everyone’s life.
Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT technology used to connect, collect, and data exchange is mainly related to internet connectivity. A variety of technologies and devices can be linked together through the Internet of Things.
Internet of Things is a major revolution in the development of networking. This technology is used to connect all gadgets and electronic devices through the Internet. All the smart devices will be connected with the help of this technology and send or receive data to each other.
Nowadays this technology is very successful and is becoming very useful for peoples. With the help of this technology, our lives will become very easy in the coming times. With the help of this, you can link any of the devices with the internet and get do any work according to you. IoT provides us with such opportunities so that we can do our work more efficiently and save out time and money and our work should also be done easily.
DevOps (Development and Operations)
DevOps technology is the relationship between Development and Operations. The word ‘DevOps’ is a combination of two words ‘development’ and ‘operations.
With the help of DevOps increase the organization’s speed. Mainly DevOps is used for large distributed applications such as eCommerce sites or applications hosted on the cloud platforms. DevOps is the arrangement of development and IT operations with better communication and collaboration. AWS and Azure both are using DevOps and both are recruiting DevOps.
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Cloud Computing technology provides service through the Internet. This service can be anything like off-site storage or computing resources. Cloud computing is actually the use of Internet-based processes and computer applications. Cloud Computing means sorting and accessing the data and programs over the internet, Google, YouTube, Dropbox, Facebook, Amazon are examples of cloud computing, Most IoT devices require the cloud.
Types of Cloud Computing
- Public Cloud
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Read More:- What is the CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES
AR and VR (Augmented reality in Virtual reality)
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) has completely changed various business sectors. These technologies have allowed people to have better interaction with technology.
Augmented Reality is a technology in which a computer-generated image is covered on a real-world user view. Reality is also changed here with the help of computer-generated visual, audio, graphics, etc. AR (Augmented Reality) is different from VR (Virtual Reality). Augmented Reality replaces the perception of the actual environment, while Virtual Reality replaces the actual environment completely.
Virtual reality is a computer system. with the help of this, an imaginary world is created and the user feels like being in the current situation. Virtual reality is the opposite of augmented reality. In this technology visual and voice are used. Virtual reality is used in applications related to 3D environments, visual multimedia, etc. for this a headset has been made in which the camera is present and such VR headsets are available in the market. These include Vive, Oculus Rift, Google Daydream, etc.
The blockchain is the time-stamped series of absolute records of data and that is managed by the computers and each of these blocks of data is secured and combine with each other using cryptographic principles.
Blockchain is a digital ledger. Ledger is a book that maintains an account where debits and credits transactions or those entries from the original book are updated in this ledger. originally a blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography. Each block contains the cryptographic hash, timestamp, and transaction data of the previous block. Once the data has been entered into a block, it cannot be changed without changing every subsequent block.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Machine learning is a type of application of artificial intelligence (AI) that gives the systems the ability to learn automatically and improve themselves when needed. They use their own experience for doing this.
Machine learning always focuses on the development of computer programs, so that they can access the data and later use it for their own learning. It is an area of computer science, in which the intelligence of machines can work as a human. e.g. Google Assistant
Machine learning is also a core part of Artificial intelligence. This gives the system the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience. It focuses on the development of computer programs to access the data and learn from it automatically.


Amiga® RKM Devices: 9 / Parallel Device
The parallel device provides a hardware-independent interface to the
Amiga's Centronics-compatible parallel port. The primary use of the Amiga
parallel port is for output to printers, but with its extensions for
bi-directional I/O, it can also be used for communication with digitizers
and high-speed links with other computers. The parallel device is based
on the conventions of Exec device I/O, with extensions for parameter
setting and control.
Parallel Device Commands and Functions
Ending A Read or Write with Termination Characters
Setting Parallel Parameters
Querying the Parallel Device
Additional Information on the Parallel Device
9 Parallel Device / Parallel Device Commands and Functions
CMD_FLUSH Purge all queued requests for the parallel device. Does
not affect active requests.
CMD_READ Read a stream of characters from the parallel port. The
number of characters can be specified or a termination
character(s) can be used.
CMD_RESET Reset the parallel port to its initialized state. All
active and queued I/O requests will be aborted.
CMD_START Restart all paused I/O over the parallel port.
Reactivates the handshaking sequence.
CMD_STOP Pause all active I/O over the parallel port. Deactivates
the handshaking sequence.
CMD_WRITE Write out a stream of characters to the parallel port.
The number of characters can be specified or a
NULL-terminated string can be sent.
PDCMD_QUERY Return the status of the parallel port lines and
PDCMD_SETPARAMS Set the parameters of the parallel port.
Exec Functions as Used in This Chapter
AbortIO() Abort a command to the parallel device. If the command is
in progress, it is stopped immediately. If it is queued,
it is removed from the queue.
BeginIO() Initiate a command and return immediately (asynchronous
request). This is used to minimize the amount of system
CheckIO() Determine the current state of an I/O request.
CloseDevice() Relinquish use of the parallel device. All requests must
DoIO() Initiate a command and wait for completion (synchronous
OpenDevice() Obtain use of the parallel device.
SendIO() Initiate a command and return immediately (asynchronous
WaitIO() Wait for the completion of an asynchronous request. When
the request is complete the message will be removed from
your reply port.
Exec Support Functions as Used in This Chapter
CreateExtIO() Create an extended I/O request structure of type
IOExtPar. This structure will be used to communicate
commands to the parallel device.
CreatePort() Create a signal message port for reply messages from the
parallel device. Exec will signal a task when a message
arrives at the port.
DeleteExtIO() Delete an extended I/O request structure created by
DeletePort() Delete the message port created by CreatePort().
9 Parallel Device / Device Interface
The parallel device operates like the other Amiga devices. To use it, you
must first open the parallel device, then send I/O requests to it, and
then close it when finished. See "Introduction to Amiga System Devices"
chapter for general information on device usage.
The I/O request used by the parallel device is called IOExtPar.
struct IOStdReq IOPar;
ULONG io_PExtFlags; /* additional parallel flags */
UBYTE io_Status; /* status of parallel port and registers */
UBYTE io_ParFlags; /* parallel device flags */
struct IOPArray io_PTermArray; /* termination character array */
See the include file devices/parallel.h for the complete structure
Opening The Parallel Device Writing To The Parallel Device
Reading From The Parallel Device Closing The Parallel Device
9 Device Interface / Opening The Parallel Device
Three primary steps are required to open the parallel device:
* Create a message port using CreatePort(). Reply messages from the
device must be directed to a message port.
* Create an extended I/O request structure of type IOExtPar using
CreateExtIO(). CreateExtIO() will initialize the I/O request to point
to your reply port.
* Open the parallel device. Call OpenDevice(),passing the I/O request.
struct MsgPort *ParallelMP; /* Pointer to reply port */
struct IOExtPar *ParallelIO; /* Pointer to I/O request */
if (ParallelMP=CreatePort(0,0) )
if (ParallelIO=(struct IOExtPar *)
CreateExtIO(ParallelMP,sizeof(struct IOExtPar)) )
if (OpenDevice(PARALLELNAME,0L,(struct IORequest *)ParallelIO,0) )
printf("%s did not open\n",PARALLELNAME);
During the open, the parallel device pays attention to just one flag;
PARF_SHARED. For consistency, the other flag bits should also be properly
set. Full descriptions of all flags will be given later. When the
parallel device is opened, it fills the latest default parameter settings
into the IOExtPar block.
9 / Device Interface / Reading From The Parallel Device
You read from the parallel device by passing an IOExtPar to the device
with CMD_READ set in io_Command, the number of bytes to be read set in
io_Length and the address of the read buffer set in io_Data.
#define READ_BUFFER_SIZE 256
/* Reserve SIZE bytes of storage */
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Length = READ_BUFFER_SIZE;
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Data = (APTR)&ParallelReadBuffer;
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Command = CMD_READ;
DoIO((struct IORequest *)ParallelIO);
If you use this example, your task will be put to sleep waiting until the
parallel device reads 256 bytes (or terminates early). Early termination
can be caused by error conditions.
9 / Device Interface / Writing To The Parallel Device
You write to the parallel device by passing an IOExtPar to the device with
CMD_WRITE set in io_Command, the number of bytes to be written set in
io_Length and the address of the write buffer set in io_Data.
To write a NULL-terminated string, set the length to -1; the device will
output from your buffer until it encounters and transmits a value of zero
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Length = -1;
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Data = (APTR)"Parallel lines cross 7 times...";
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Command = CMD_WRITE;
DoIO((struct IORequest *)ParallelIO); /* execute write */
The length of the request is -1, meaning we are writing a NULL-terminated
string. The number of characters sent can be found in io_Actual.
9 / Device Interface / Closing The Parallel Device
Each OpenDevice() must eventually be matched by a call to CloseDevice().
When the last close is performed, the device will deallocate all resources
and buffers. The latest parameter settings will be saved for the next
All I/O requests must be complete before CloseDevice(). If any requests
are still pending, abort them with AbortIO():
AbortIO(ParallelIO); /* Ask device to abort request, if pending */
WaitIO(ParallelIO); /* Wait for abort, then clean up */
CloseDevice((struct IORequest *)ParallelIO);
9 Parallel Device / Ending A Read or Write with Termination Characters
Reads and writes from the parallel device may terminate early if an error
occurs or if an end-of-file is sensed. For example, if a break is
detected on the line, any current read request will be returned with the
error ParErr_DetectedBreak. The count of characters read to that point
will be in the io_Actual field of the request.
You can specify a set of possible end-of-file characters that the parallel
device is to look for in the input or output stream using the
PDCMD_SETPARAMS command. These are contained in an io_PTermArray that you
provide. io_PTermArray is used only when the PARF_EOFMODE flag is selected
(see Parallel Flags below).
If EOF mode is selected, each input data character read into or written
from the user's data block is compared against those in io_PTermArray. If
a match is found, the IOExtPar is terminated as complete, and the count of
characters transferred (including the termination character) is stored in
To keep this search overhead as efficient as possible, the parallel device
requires that the array of characters be in descending order. The array
has eight bytes and all must be valid (that is, do not pad with zeros
unless zero is a valid EOF character). Fill to the end of the array with
the lowest value termination character. When making an arbitrary choice of
EOF character(s), you will get the quickest response from the lowest
The read will terminate before the io_Length number of characters is read
if a "Q", "E", or "A" is detected.
It's Usually For Output.
Most applications for the parallel device use the device for output,
hence the termination feature is usually done on the output stream.
9 Parallel Device / Setting Parallel Parameters
You can control the parallel parameters shown in the following table. The
parameter name within the parallel IOExtPar data structure is shown below.
All of the fields described in this section are filled with defaults when
you call OpenDevice(). Thus, you need not worry about any parameter that
you do not need to change. The parameters are defined in the include file
PARALLEL PARAMETERS (IOExtPar)
Field Name Parallel Device Parameter It Controls
io_PExtFlags Reserved for future use.
io_PTermArray A byte-array of eight termination characters, must
be in descending order. If EOFMODE is set in the
parallel flags, this array specifies eight possible
choices of characters to use as an end-of-file mark.
See the section above titled "Ending A Read Or Write
with Termination Characters" and the PDCMD_SETPARAMS
summary page in the Autodocs.
io_Status Contains status information. It is filled in by the
io_ParFlags See "Parallel Flags" below.
You set the parallel parameters by passing an IOExtPar to the device with
PDCMD_SETPARAMS set in io_Command and with the flags and parameters set to
the values you want.
ParallelIO->io_ParFlags &= ~PARF_EOFMODE; /* Set EOF mode */
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Command = PDCMD_SETPARAMS; /* Set params command */
printf("Error setting parameters!\n");
The above code fragment modifies one bit in io_ParFlags, then sends the
Proper Time for Parameter Changes.
A parameter change should not be performed while an I/O request is
actually being processed, because it might invalidate already active
request handling. Therefore you should use PDCMD_SETPARAMS only when
you have no parallel I/O requests pending.
Parallel Flags (Bit Definitions For Io_parflags)
9 / Setting Parallel Parameters / Parallel Flags (Bits for io_ParFlags)
The flags shown in the following table can be set to affect the operation
of the parallel device. Note that the default state of all of these flags
is zero. The flags are defined in the include file devices/parallel.h.
PARALLEL FLAGS (io_ParFlags)
Flag Name Effect on Device Operation
PARF_EOFMODE Set this bit if you want the parallel
device to check I/O characters against io_TermArray
and terminate the I/O request immediately if an
end-of-file character has been encountered.
Note: This bit can be set and reset directly in
the user's IOExtPar block without a call to
PARF_ACKMODE Set this bit if you want to use ACK handshaking.
PARF_FASTMODE Set this bit if you want to use
high-speed mode for transfers to high-speed
printers. This mode will send out data as long as
the BUSY signal is low. The printer must be
able to raise the BUSY signal within three
microseconds or data will be lost. Should only be
used when the device has been opened for exclusive
PARF_SLOWMODE Set this bit if you want to use slow
-speed mode for transfers to very slow printers.
Should not be used with high-speed printers.
PARF_SHARED Set this bit if you want to allow other
tasks to simultaneously access the parallel port.
The default is exclusive access. If someone already
has the port, whether for exclusive or shared
access, and you ask for exclusive access, your
OpenDevice() call will fail (must be modified
9 Parallel Device / Querying the Parallel Device
You query the parallel device by passing an IOExtPar to the device with
PDCMD_QUERY set in io_Command. The parallel device will respond with the
status of the parallel port lines and registers.
ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Command = PDCMD_QUERY; /* indicate query */
DoIO((struct IORequest *)ParallelIO);
Parallel_Status = ParallelIO->io_Status; /* store returned status */
The 8 status bits of the parallel device are returned in io_Status.
PARALLEL DEVICE STATUS BITS
Bit Active Function
--- ------ --------
0 high Printer busy toggle (offline)
1 high Paper out
2 high Printer Select on the A1000. On theA500 and A2000,
select is also connected to to the parallel port's
Ring Indicator. Be cautious when making cables.
3 - read=0; write=1
4-7 - (reserved)
The parallel device also returns error codes whenever an operation is
struct IOPArray Terminators =
0x51454141, /* Q E A A */
0x41414141 /* fill to end with lowest value,must be in desc. order */
ParallellIO->io_ParFlags != PARF_EOFMODE; /* Set EOF mode flag */
ParallelIO->io_PTermArray = Terminators;/* Set termination characters */
ParallellIO->IOPar.io_Command = PDCMD_SETPARAMS; /* Set parameters */
if (DoIO((struct IORequest *)ParallelIO))
printf("Set Params failed. Error: %ld ",ParallelIO->IOPar.io_Error);
The error is returned in the io_Error field of the IOExtPar structure.
PARALLEL DEVICE ERROR CODES
Error Value Explanation
----- ----- -----------
ParErr_DevBusy 1 Device in use
ParErr_BufToBig 2 Out of memory
ParErr_InvParam 3 Invalid parameter
ParErr_LineErr 4 Parallel line error
ParErr_NotOpen 5 Device not open
ParErr_PortReset 6 Port Reset
ParErr_InitErr 7 Initialization Error
9 Parallel Device / Additional Information on the Parallel Device
Additional programming information on the parallel device can be found in
the include files and the Autodocs for the parallel device. Both are
contained in the Amiga ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Includes and Autodocs.
Parallel Device Information height
Converted on 22 Apr 2000 with RexxDoesAmigaGuide2HTML 2.1 by Michael Ranner.


My research interests are computer architecture, operating systems, and storage systems, with a focus on data center optimizations. Currently I am researching storage accelerator applications in computational genomics in collaboration with the UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute.
For an interesting paper in this field I suggest:
Y. Turakhia, G. Bejerano, and W. J. Dally, “Darwin: A Genomics Co-processor Provides up to 15,000X Acceleration on Long Read Assembly,” in Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems - ASPLOS ’18, Williamsburg, VA, USA, 2018, pp. 199–213.


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