Before application, surfaces may require sacrifying, shot-blasting, griding and/or repair to ensure good adhesion. For printed and fabric electronics surfaces may also require an adhesive primer to effectively install.
Printed electronic products are used as a flexible overlays or underlays. Painted, fabric and concrete electronics are usually installed on-site as field-assembled device sets complete with instructional materials.
Plug in your printed electronics. For field-assembled device sets, test the resistance between elements, the cathode (+) and anode (-), and connect to temperature controllers fitted with thermal sensors that help regulate AC/DC voltage applied.
Inspections and field evaluations may be preformed by the electrical authority having juresdiction to make sure your electronic snowmelt system complies with electrical codes and standards.
Manufactured electronics printed using inks and pastes onto flexible and rollable substrates. These are readily available and affordable, with good efficiency.
Brush, roller or spray-on applications of paints and coatings that are applied directly on surfaces. These offer good adhesion, longevity and repairability, with superior efficiency.
Manufactured electronics woven from conductive polymer and fiberglass fibers that are flexible. These are versatile and resilient circuits, with excellent efficiency
Cast, or potted, electronics using conductive concrete that is permanently installed. These are cost-effective and sustainable materials, but with lower efficiency.
Printed electronics are affordable and customizable, while paints, fabrics and concrete are an economical alternative for larger surface areas.
Heating elements are closer to the surface, offering improved thermal transfer and energy performance in comparison to other heating systems.
Apply onto various surfaces with greater flexibility, save on down-time, and commission a snowmelt system faster than ever!
Solutions and methods are repeatable, and adaptible to existing construction practices and equipment to ensure applications can be scaled-up with precision.
Repair is easy with a surface-mounted alternative snowmelt system, since each element can be replaced or refinished without the need for heavy construction.
Elements are electrically isolated from ground to prevent electrical shock and damage, while continuous temperature measurements are monitored by controllers.
Yes, we do supply transparent solutions. These are usually much higher in cost than carbon-based conductive paints and require different design considerations.
Try sandwiching your fabric electronic between two geomembranes before adding your sand, gravel and interlocking on top.
Yes, painted electronic heating elements may be applied onto surfaces using airless or HVLP spray gun equipment.
Prep the surface as needed, before rolling on your adhesive. Place a thin and flexible printed electronic on top, and let dry before finishing with a thermally conductive epoxy or polyaspartic top-coat.
You're in luck, that's us! Our team is dedicated to providing you with electronic heating products and services.
Printed electronics are robust and may last up to 7 years. Paints, fabrics and concrete are inorganic, chemically resistant, and offer greater strength for up to 10 years or more.
Tell us how we can help.


When I don't have a wireless router or access point, and just GSM modem beside me. There's a way to share the internet connection over the wireless device. I just try how to make a virtual hotspot using my wireless device built-in in my laptop. There's my step using Connectify Hotspot.
- Download it from Connectify Hotspot then install it in my system.
- The installation is clearly simple, sometimes it ask to turn off your antivirus, but it doesn't matter. After installation finish, you need to restart your system to apply the changes.
- Configure the settings, its pretty simple, just specify the hotspot name, password and connection to share.
- Try to connect to your virtual hotspot using your wireless devices, such as smartphone, tablets, etc.
- Enjoy your internet sharing.
|Download Connectify Hotspot|
|Configure the hotspot|
|Monitor the connected devices|
|Connected to Virtual Hotspot|


Underwood London The Biometric Forty Module Unit with Safe
Shop Now. Pay Later WithAffirm
|Model Number (Style)||0000|
|Comments||The Biometric Forty-Modules Unit with a safe and five additional storaging drawers kept safe by the exclusive biometric lock system. Every drawer can be customized for your needs.
The Underwood fingerprint scanning system is basically a stand-alone system which by scanning and recognizing the fingerprint sends a command signal to activate and open the electromagnetic lock system in the case. The system is simple to use. In the beginning the owner only needs to register their fingerprints following a predetermined set of instructions. Afterwards to open the case all that is required is to place the index finger on the scanner and following verification the command signal to open will be issued.
One of the main advantages of the system is the fact that the only way to access the case is by way of the scanner, there is no other way anybody can access the actual locks or command system from the outside, as all of these elements are inside the case. Regarding the matter of privacy and security there may be a fear or concern that the registration of a fingerprint might be a problem, in that someone could possibly access the system and steal the image of the fingerprint, stealing their identity so to speak and possibly using this for illegal purposes. Nothing could be further from the truth because with this system the fingerprint is not stored as an actual image but is coded and transferred into a mathematical algorithm, whereby only certain points of the fingerprint are registered. These points such as whorls, loops, bifurcations and crests etc. are the characteristic points used to determine any fingerprint. It is impossible to reconstruct the image of a fingerprint from this coded information.
The safe locked by biometric lock system and powered externally by way of a single transformer.
Dimensions: Approx. W 24.80 x H 52.00 x D 10.23 Inches.


CableFree FSO (Free Space Optics) links include advanced carrier-class features including:
Products: Free Space Optics (FSO)
CableFree: Wireless Excellence has pioneered reliable, carrier-class Free Space Optics (Optical Wireless) equipment, with thousands of commercial deployments in diverse markets since 1997. Our CableFree range of FSO products include advanced features such as ATPC to overcome high fade in adverse conditions, Industry-leading link margins for reliable performance at long range, and proven stable beam optical design. CableFree FSO products reflect a deep understanding of the challenges of FSO transmission and ensure best-in-class performance and availability.
CableFree Free Space Optics
CableFree FSO Product Range
Offering world-beating performance, Cablefree Gigabit Free Space Optics supports data rates from 622Mbps to 1.5Gbps with interfaces for Gigabit Ethernet or Fibre Channel for Storage Area Networks
CableFree Gigabit CPRI
Cablefree Gigabit CPRI Free Space Optics supports data rates at 1.22Gbps with CPRI interfaces connection to 4G/LTE Base Station Infrastructure for “Front-Haul” applications
Designed initially for the rigorous telecoms market, Cablefree Access FSO is upgradeable from 1 to 155Mbps – a rugged solution wherever T1, E1, 10, 100 or 155Mbps connections are needed
Cablefree 622 Free Space Optics supports data rates from 1 to 622Mbps and is available in 500, 1000 & 2000m configurations. Upgrade between 10, 100Mbps, ATM-155, 622. Integrated 10/100+E1/T1 voice & data connections are supported
Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC),
Upgradable removable network interface modules,
Precision Optics with precise factory calibrated beams
Advanced Optical Filtering Elements
1 to 3 solid state laser devices (depending on model)
Solid State Peltier effect Laser Cooling (3-laser and high power models)
Sophisticated FSO Software Management platforms
FSO Link alignment tools
These features combine together to ensure ease of installation and high-availability networking in all conditions.
PDF Datasheet ATPC
PDF Datasheet FSO Alignment Tool
PDF Datasheet FSO Manager Software
PDF Datasheet Smart Agent
CableFree Free Space Optics at London 2012 Olympics
CableFree FSO links are used in thousands of mission-critical customer networks worldwide, with diverse applications including 4G/LTE Backhaul, CPRI Fronthaul, 3G and 2G Networks, Corporate Networks, Finance, Energy, Oil and Gas Exploration, Power Utilities, Education, Healthcare, Broadcast with HD-SDI Video, Perimeter Security and CCTV Networks
CableFree FSO Installations
CableFree FSO installed in Malaysia
CableFree UNITY solution with FSO and Radio in the British Virgin Island
CableFree Free Space Optics installed in the British Virgin Island
CableFree FSO installed at Tamworth
CableFree UNITY FSO + Radio UNITY installation, London
CableFree FSO installed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
CableFree FSO installed in Australia
CableFree FSO installed in the Middle East
CableFree FSO installed for Healthcare sites in UK
CableFree FSO installed in Cairo, Egypt
CableFree FSO used by Bar Formula 1
CableFree FSO installed in Columbia
CableFree FSO Metro Link installed in Cairo, Egypt
CableFree Free Space Optics installed at London 2012 Olympics
CableFree FSO installed in Varna, Burgaria
CableFree FSO installed in Tibet, 2003
CableFree FSO installed in London, Year 2000
CableFree FSO installed in Athens, Greece, Year 2000
More information on FSO technology
Free Space Optics (FSO) is a technology that uses laser beams via a line of sight optical bandwidth connection to transfer data, video or voice communications across areas ranging typically from 100m to a few kilometres at throughput bandwidths up to 1.5Gbps at frequencies above 300GHz of wavelengths, typically, 785 to 1550nm. Using Free Space Optics wireless networks eliminates the need to secure licensing found with RF signal solutions and also the expensive costs of laying fibre optic cable; principally the concept of transferring data via light is the same as with fibre optics just through a different medium.
The basis of Free Space Optics communication is rather straightforward with a pair of transceiver units housing an optical receiver and transmitter, allowing the sending and receiving of data simultaneously, and an optical source with a focusing lens. The unit at one location transmits a beam of focused light carrying the information directly at the unit at the receiving location where the light beam is then transferred to an optical fibre from a high sensitivity receiver.
Advantages of FSO
Free Space Optics solutions offer various advantages of normal RF signal wireless networks such as:
Free Space Optics does not suffer from radio frequency interference or band saturation
License free operation
No software needed on client devices
Very high security level operation: FSO is certified in Governmental and Defence applications for transferring confidential and classified information
Inside installation is possible and it unaffected by operation through glass
Typical Free Space Optics Applications
Free Space Optics Wireless Networks can only operate as Point-to-Point links between 2 units, however, when combined with LAN or WLAN networks they can provide very effective solutions to many scenarios such as:
Provide a bridge between WLAN-to-WLAN connections on campuses at Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet speeds to cater for many subscribers simultaneously
Provide a bridge between LAN-to-LAN connections in a city between enterprise buildings that need to have reliable, high throughput networks
Create a wireless link across an area in which you do not have physical access to
Fast service delivery of high speed access to optical fibre, core networks
Service Provider backhaul to carry large amounts of data between the client network areas and the core network.
Converged Voice-Data Connections
Temporary WLAN network setup and installation for events such as conferences
Quickly re-establish high-speed network connections after incidents (i.e. disaster recovery)
FSO can be installed as redundancy systems to provide fall back, fail safes for critical operations that require network access
Free Space Optics provides speeds comparable to those of optical fibre connections with the flexibility and practicality of being part of a wireless network providing bandwidth speeds typically advertised as up to 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 155Mbps and 1.5Gbps, with possible speeds of up to 10Gbps becoming likely in the future, plus the potential of being able to use WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplexing) technology. Currently, the only other wireless technology capable of these kinds of speeds is Millimeter-Wave RF Wireless Networking which, in comparison, requires licensing and can affected severely by rain. Due to the received beam being transferred onto an optical fibre to connect to the core network, trouble free integration and easy set up make Free Space Optics networking’s compatibility with any system very high.
Free Space Optics wireless network ranges are typically found to be between around 100m and 2km but due to the nature of the signal strength being directly affected more by atmospheric conditions over increasing distance, the shorter the range between the two unit locations the higher the performance and availability of the connection will be
Challenges for Free Space Optics
Technical Discussion & Difficulties
FSO is generally deployed well above ground – typically in rooftop locations. This is the opposite for fibre / fibre optic cable, which is typically installed under road or street level. Therefore very different challenges are presented when considering Free Space Optics performance with the biggest being atmospheric conditions. However, most drawbacks and shortcomings can be resolved through the inclusion of redundancy systems and correct wireless network planning.
Humidity, Water Vapour & Fog
Unlike rain and snow, – which generally has little effect on Free Space Optics communication -fog and water vapour droplets are a real hindrance to the operating performance. The small water droplets can at points completely stop the light beams from being received due to light absorption, refraction scattering or even complete reflection which can significantly lower data rates. Therefore in foggy areas, Free Space Optics may not be the best solution, however applications have been successfully carried out that have provided acceptable reliability with redundancy systems in place. The following five points listed all refer to the signal attenuation caused by atmospheric conditions.
CableFree has pioneered Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) to automatically increase transmit power and link budget during “fade” conditions which radically increases the link performance and availability.
Water vapour molecules in the air absorb the energy from photons (light particles) within the light beam which causes an overall loss in power density. The use of spatial diversity and correct system power helps combat this effect as absorption is more common at certain wavelength ranges of light.
Fluctuations in signal strength can be caused by variations in temperature of air pockets between the transmitter and receiver due to natural differences or objects such as buildings etc. This effect, know as refractive turbulence, causes image dancing or blurring of the signal at the receiver end which results in amplitude loss.
Beam wander or jitter is the amount that the centroid or peak value of the beam strength profile moves with time and can be caused by turbulence resulting in the beam becoming unfocused.
Scattering occurs when certain wavelengths experience collisions with objects and are redistributed in varying directions without energy loss (unlike absorption). Scattering is more likely to have a more frequent and larger effect over long distances where it can have a significant effect on beam strength.
Beam spread, or more technically called beam divergence, is measurable angular effect of the beam’s dissipation at a constant rate as it travels further through the atmosphere.
Due to light not be able to travel through opaque mediums, objects such as birds, planes and people can momentarily cause interruptions to the service by blocking the Free Space Optics’ light beam, with service resuming instantly when the light path is cleared. Multi-beam technology can be used with compatible systems to try and counter this problem.
Unit Location Movement
Building sway due to wind can be a problem as it disrupts the alignment between the two transceiver units causing loss of signal. Divergent beam technology can be used to allow the units to communicate in these situations but performance is still slightly affected.
All Free Space Optics technology is strictly controlled to make sure that standards are followed to limit any dangers. All CableFree FSO systems are certified to be Class 1M, which is safe to the naked eye. Our Free Space Optics units are of low enough power not to cause long term harm when the laser is exposed to a person’s eye, however as with all optical emitters of all types, precautions should be taken so that prolonged exposure never occurs if possible.


Versar, Inc. Acquires Geo-Marine, Inc.
Versar, Inc. (NYSE MKT: VSR) has acquired Geo-Marine, Inc., a business with more than $20 million in annual revenues. The purchase price was paid with a combination of cash and seller notes. Geo-Marine, headquartered in Plano, Texas, provides engineering design, construction management, environmental planning and programming, and other services in support of a wide range of government, industry, and commercial clients.
VersarGMI's Mobile Avian Radar System® (MARS®) units have been used worldwide for applications such as avian assessments for onshore and offshore wind farms, and in the management of bird and wildlife hazards at airports. VersarGMI’s bird detection systems include modified radar systems utilizing commercial off-the-shelf equipment and custom engineered, tailor constructed systems.
VersarGMI’s pioneering Wildlife Remote Sensing and Technology program came online in 1994. We developed avian remote sensing systems to reduce bird strikes to aircraft and collect data for a variety of environmental applications. Since then, staff members have developed many innovative technologies and processes used to power state-of-the-art avian radar and bird detection systems such as MARS®.
VersarGMI has accomplished many milestones in the BASH industry and VersarGMI’s MARS® are leading the way in remote sensing systems for bird detection.
- 1st automatic vertical scanning radar for bird detection (2000)
- 1st real-time, on-airport bird detection and warning system (2003)
- 1st predictive algorithms to track migrating birds (2005)
- 1st post-processing analysis tools library
- 1st enhanced data visualization
VersarGMI continues to develop and refine systems to detect, quantify, and track bird activity. VersarGMI continues to research, modify, and increase capabilities of its products (e.g., MARS®), services, and technologies to provide excellence to its clients.
The VersarGMI wildlife remote sensing and technology team consists of:
- Radar ornithologists
- Environmental biologists
- Radar system engineers
- Software engineers
VersarGMI develops innovative technology and algorithms to power state-of-the-art radar-based bird detection systems and provide cost-effective methods to conduct avian and bat surveys, assessments, management planning, and training.
VersarGMI offers a full line of advanced wildlife remote sensing services, products, and technology for wildlife/bird studies, wildlife hazard assessments/management plans at airports, wind energy facilities, and tower and other development sites. VersarGMI’s MARS® bird detection systems support a wide range of safety and environmental protection applications.
The MARS® unit offers:
- Bird and bat activity and density assessments
- Large radar coverage area
- Detailed data resolution
- Recording of baseline activity and migratory events
- Effective day and night and in limited visibility
- Real-time data processing
- 24/7 automatic target archive to database
- Operations limited only by available power and data storage capacity
- Automatic clutter and interference suppression


Solar Ground Lights 8 LEDs Solar Powered Round Disk Lights Outdoor Waterproof Lamp Garden Landscape Lighting for Yard Deck Lawn Patio Pathway Walkway
KooSion Solar Ground Lights 8 LEDs Solar Powered Round Disk Lights Outdoor Waterproof Lamp Garden Landscape Lighting for Yard Deck Lawn Patio Pathway Walkway
【High Efficiency & Environmental Friendly】Equipped with wider polycrystalline solar panel and 8 durable LED, Solpex solar ground lights are higher efficiency than other ordinary outdoor solar lights. The 600 mAh Ni-MH battery power reserve our ground lights use is 30% more than other Ni-Cd batteries, the service life is longer, and there is no pollution to the environment.
【Charge Faster & Lighting All Night】The upgraded polycrystalline silicon solar panel makes our solar disk lights charge faster than ordinary lamps. Although charging and work time will change depending on the weather, each improved solar disk light typically illuminates for 8-10 hours after 4-6 hours of charging.
【Waterproof & More Durable】Adopted IP44 grade waterproof design and silicone waterproof ring means you don’t have to worry about heavy rain, snow, frost or sleet. Split circuit board makes the chip more stable and not easy to damage. In order to prevent rust, please do not place it in a location that is easily flooded.
【Easy To Install & Premium Outdoor Decor】To install, simply turn on the switch under the cap and push the stake into the soil. solar disk lights outdoor automatically turn on in darkness and turn off in daytime or in bright areas, adding the perfect amount of light to your courtyard, garden, sidewalk, patio, corridor or pathway.
【Customer Service & Warranty】 If you are not satisfied with the Solar Lights, just return them within 90 days for a full refund.
Design and Produce Smart Lighting LED bulbs, spotlights,intelligent lamps,Par lights,ceiling lights,tubes,strips,SMD light source,High Power light source,Drivers,controllers,dimmers,etc.
Add: 1807# Baoan Ave, Baoan District, Shenzhen City, China


The 32m radio telescope is located in a forest 30 km north of Ventspils, Latvia, on the coast of the Baltic Sea. The whole military base included 3 radio telescopes: 32m, 16m and 8m as well as all the necessary infrastructure for up keeping over 2000 scientists, generals and soldiers with their families (i.e. a kindergarten, school, shops, technical support houses, 4 block houses with 260 flats, post office etc.) in an area over 400ha. The secret code name for this place was “Звёздочка” (a Little Star) and the road going through the town was “Набережная” (Riparian).
Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre currently consists of a 32-metre, fully steerable parabolic, centimeter-wave range antenna (RT-32) and a 16-metre diameter antenna (RT-16). It was built by the Russian Navy in late 1960 but the town itself dates from 1946. In 1994, when Russian army pulled out of Latvia, the withdrawing troops poured acid on the telescope’s motors, cut all the cables, took away all the documentation and destroyed much of the surrounding infrastructure. Since 1994, the radio telescopes have been repaired.
The largest radio telescope in northern Europe is now used for science:
The detection, analysis and processing satellite images and satellite navigation signals,
Sun observations in microwave range,
Participation into European VLBI (Very Large Base Interferometry) Network,
The research of efficiency of electric drive control and adaptation of antenna control and data registration software of RT-32 for work in EVN,
Finding and observations of space debris,
To monitor the stars for possible signs of intelligent life outside the Solar System.
- By vil
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.org


Correctly detecting the semantic type of data columns is crucial for data science tasks such as automated data cleaning, schema matching, and data discovery. Existing data preparation and analysis systems rely on dictionary lookups and regular expression matching to detect semantic types. However, these matching-based approaches often are not robust to dirty data and only detect a limited number of types. We introduce Sherlock, a multi-input deep neural network for detecting semantic types. We train Sherlock on 686,765 data columns retrieved from the VizNet corpus by matching 78 semantic types from DBpedia to column headers. We characterize each matched column with 1,588 features describing the statistical properties, character distributions, word embeddings, and paragraph vectors of column values. Sherlock achieves a support-weighted F1 score of 0.89, exceeding that of machine learning baselines, dictionary and regular expression benchmarks, and the consensus of crowdsourced annotations.


Discussion Starter · #1 ·
The low beam and high beam lights are not working along with the instrument panel lights. The High beam will work momentarily if the multi-function swithch is pulled rearward to the "Flash to Pass" position. This means the high beam lamps and wiring are good. The fuses are good and we measured 12Vdc at both sides of the fuses. We installed a new headlight control switch with no change. All other lites work including turn signals, parking lights and brake lights.


Abstract - Doctors are usually required to work in all hospitals and emergency centers. But not all doctors are available everywhere when needed. The problem with video calling is that you have to make the video call from your desktop or laptop computer. This limits the doctor's ability to freely observe the patient's environment and the operating room and move around the room if necessary. To solve this problem, we have developed a virtual doctor robot that allows doctors to virtually move freely in remote locations and even talk to people in remote locations if needed. This strategy can also be applied in places where medical services are not readily available. Adopting this strategy in these areas will not only help with health emergencies, epidemics and pandemics like COVID-19, but also improve survival rates. Our entire system is controlled and monitored by microcontrollers and the Internet of Things. The system uses a four-wheeled robotic vehicle to facilitate navigation. The robot is also equipped with a circuit control box, a holder to hold a mobile phone or tablet, and a medicine drawer controlled by a controller that also acts as a medicine delivery system. The system is also implemented by connecting the microcontroller to various sensors such as heart rate sensor and temperature sensor that measures parameters such as breathing rate, heart rate and body temperature, so the system can also be used as a health monitoring system. called.
View this paper


We work alongside the top brands in the media and entertainment industry to bring their content to millions of consumers through OTT Apps in Roku, FireTV, Samsung SmartTV, tvOS, Google Chromecast and others.
We develop native mobile apps for iOS and Android as well as multi-platform hybrid apps. We’ll help you take advantage of all the features of modern smartphones and mobile devices to better engage with your users.
USER INTERFACE & USER EXPERIENCE
Our team of designers and human-centered experts spend a substantial amount of time understanding and prioritizing your costumer’s needs using the latest trends to build digital products that feel good, look good and convert.
Our talented team consistently keeps an eye on revolutionizing technologies. This is why we’ve gathered experience developing for every iteration of virtual, augmented and mixed reality like Unity, ARKit, HTCVive, Oculus, Magic Leap, Google VR, etc.
AND REST API BACKENDS
Our team works with the newest technologies, frameworks and quality standards. We are able to build everything from responsive user interfaces and RESTful APIs to a scalable platform architectures that supports millions of interactions.
Implement a successful voice-first digital strategy with our team’s experience with Alexa, Google Home Assistant, IBM Watson, and other artificial intelligence conversational interfaces like chatbots.
AND DATA DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT
You’ll be able to track, measure and analyze your user’s interactions and effectively improve the development of your digital product strategy to maximize effectiveness.
Let’s bring your product to life together.


LED Lighting Systems have helped the home improvement industry flourish in recent years by offering a cost-effective, environmentally-friendly option to commercial LED light. In this article, we’ll explore the benefits of LED Lighting Systems and find out why choosing an LED light fixture from a project’s inception is worth the investment.
What is LED Lighting?
LED lighting is a type of lighting that uses light emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs are tiny electronic devices that produce bright, efficient and durable light. LED lights are becoming more popular because they use less energy than traditional lighting sources, such as incandescent bulbs or fluorescent lights. They also last longer and are more affordable than traditional lighting systems.
Why You Need to Care About Health and Safety with LED Lights
You’ve heard the rumors: LED lights are bad for your eyes. There are even reports that they can cause cancer. Is this really true? And if so, why?
First off, let’s dispel some myths. LED lights are less harsh than traditional light sources like incandescent or fluorescent bulbs, and they emit less heat. They’re also more energy-efficient, which is good news if you’re looking to reduce your carbon footprint.
But there are some potential health hazards associated with LED lighting systems. Specifically, experts warn that blue LEDs can create an illusion of depth, causing people to stare at them for too long. This can lead to fatigue and a decreased sense of reality. In addition, some green and yellow LEDs may produce excess glare that could impact your vision.
Clearly, it’s important to weigh the benefits of LED lighting against any potential risks before making a decision. But if you’re concerned about your safety and health, it’s worth learning as much as you can about this emerging technology.
Buying LED Light Fixtures for your Business or Home Away from Home
Some people may be under the impression that LED light fixtures are only for enclosed spaces, like a home or office. LED lighting systems can also be great additions to any business or home away from home. Here are some reasons why you should consider buying an LED light fixture:
-They’re energy-efficient – LED lights consume less energy than other types of light bulbs, which means you’ll spend less money on your electric bill.
-They’re durable – LEDs are more durable than traditional light bulbs and will last longer without needing to be replaced. This is especially important if you have a busy business or frequent guests who may cause damage to lamps and other fixtures.
-They emit a cool, gentle light – LEDs emit a cool, gentle light that is perfect for rooms that have already been painted white or have a high ceiling. This type of light is also good for people with sensitive eyes or those who suffer from headaches or migraines.
-They’re environmentally friendly – LEDs are more environmentally friendly than other types of light bulbs because they don’t produce as much heat.
The Current LED Trends in the Industry
LED lighting is quickly becoming the preferred choice for any indoor or outdoor space. It has many benefits, such as being more eco-friendly, durable, and efficient than traditional light sources. In this article, we will discuss some current trends in LED lighting systems and how you can benefit from them.
As the world moves toward greener and more sustainable practices, it’s no wonder that more businesses are turning to LED lighting systems. Not only are they better for the environment, but they also provide a number of benefits when it comes to productivity and efficiency. If you’re looking to make your office or home look its best, consider investing in an LED lighting system.
also read: Solar Lights for Camping


Mi4c ships with different Rear Camera Sensors, some units are using the Sony IMX258 sensor while others are using Samsung ISOCELL SK3M2 sensor. Both sensors are good at taking pictures but many users seen much better quality having the Sony sensor. The Samsung sensor also is buggy on some custom ROM builds. To check the manufacturer of your rear camera sensor, follow the guides below.
Rooted MIUI ROMs
- Settings > About Phone > Kernel Version (tap 5 times)
- Then Hardware test
- Go to version info and scroll to bottom
- backcamera = “imx258_sunny” or “s5k3m2_sunny”
- “imx258_sunny” means Sony IMX258 Rear Camera Sensor
- “s5k3m2_sunny” means Samsung S5K3M2 ISOCELL Rear Camera Sensor
- front_camera = “OV5670_sunny” means Omnivision5670 Front Camera sensor
Display manufacturer is also displayed here
Non-rooted MIUI ROMs
- Clear all the recent apps then open the main camera app
- Dial *#*#284#*#* and wait for the bug report to finish.
- After bug report has done from the notification, you’ll find the result as a zip file, then extract it.
- Open the extracted bugreport .log file using text viewer (w/ find text feature) or you can use UC Browser.
- After you open it, search for “IMX” or “S5K” (only one will have a result, the other will fail to search text)
- IMX = Sony IMX258 Rear Camera Sensor
- S5K = Samsung S5K3M2 ISOCELL Rear Camera Sensor
Bonus: “OV5670” = Omnivision Front Camera Sensor


One key trend that was evident at this year’s CES was mobility, with numerous exhibitors showcasing novel modes of transport such as electric bikes, scooters, and cars (Xpeng Aeroht even presented the concept of flying cars!). Additionally, there were AI advancements in battery optimisation for longer battery life, and improvements in driving comfort, using AI to optimise car suspension and ambiance. An excellent example of this is the ‘All tech in one’ concept caravan, which allows you to take all of LG’s best products with you wherever you go.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) influence is undeniably everywhere. Recent AI advances in chipsets, for example, have greatly improved their processing speed and data handling capabilities. This has led to the development of new solutions applicable to our daily lives. For example, smart fridges can help you manage the contents of your fridge, suggesting recipes based on available food, and prioritising items with short expiry dates (eg: LG). This might very well be the end of food waste.
The increasing presence of robots is another big trend. We are not referring to humanoid robots (like C-3PO), but rather to more compact ones (like R2-D2 or BB-8 to keep the Star Wars reference). These robots are fully connected to the rest of your house and can notify you when your clothes are dry, when your pet is hungry, or when a flowerpot has been knocked over. In that last example, these connected robots can ask their vacuum-robot friend to clean up the mess. Thanks to their integrated cameras, these robots can also map out your house and share the plan with any other electronic devices in your home for increased efficiency. They can detect when you arrive, in which room you are in, and anticipate some of your needs, like preparing your coffee or turning on some music.
The use of connected devices and the data they generate raises numerous questions about data security. How can we prevent data leakage and safeguard our personal data? Addressing these questions has become a prominent and pressing concern. However, for the time being, it is noteworthy that the market for connected devices is experiencing remarkable growth.
The big revolution in TV sets for 2024 is undoubtedly the move toward transparent screens. These innovative displays seamlessly integrate into your home environment, disappearing from view when turned off. They also offer a variety of applications, including the ability to superpose two screens. This concept has been successfully tested, enabling the simultaneous display of two different contents, such as watching a football match while checking the statistics. The screens can also act as a wall background displaying any desired image when switched off.
More brands to keep an eye on:
Robots & kitchen connected devices will be at the forefront of all communication plan.
Here are a few brands which made a lot of noise:, Swarovski, Tecno (Chinese phone), TCL, Qualcomm (Snapdragon), Midea, GAC Motor, Infinix, Goneo charger, Ecovacs
As aways, CES was an inspiring week, immersing us in a futuristic realm. Grappling with the reality of these groundbreaking advancements, we’re left with an intriguing question: What is yet to come…


AFIS – identification systems for law enforcement and high-speed civilian identification, offering the world’s fastest coding and matching with a record 129 million comparisons per second, whilst maintaining highest accuracy rates. Needing no proprietary hardware and runs on all common operating systems.
ABIS – A multi-modal ABIS (Automated Biometric Identification System) combines several biometric methods, ABIS is a fully customizable software package. It provides the ability to match, store or process the captured characteristics, so-called biometric templates, it is able to link for example Fingerprint Recognition to Face Recognition and Iris Recognition.
Biometric Documents – Turnkey solutions for data capturing, biometric verification/identification, personalization and issuance of eID and ePassport systems.
eGates – Designed for automated border control at airports, seaports and high security areas where rapid and reliable personal identification is required. The compact drive unit and modern control technology permit clear and minimalist gate design.
Self-Registration Kiosk – Includes the worlds first multi-purpose scanner capturing fingerprint and passport images, as well as signatures on the same scanning surface. Can be used to verify passports, ID cards, signatures, fight tickets and barcodes, used for self-enrolment and automated document checks and passport control and includes biometric face and finger verification. The scanner uses the most advanced technology for detection of fake fingerprints in order to prevent any fraud and misuse.
Biometric Number Plate – Includes RFID technology to track and identify vehicles, the tag located on the number plate can contain biometric information such as fingerprints for restricted access and or facial image to automatically identify the driver passing through barriers, using fingerprint scanners and cameras.
Facial Recognition – PTS with MXSERVER can provide a Big Data cloud-enabled and virtualised video and photographic analysis solution incorporating face recognition.
• It can be run and maintained in most virtualised environments and can be hosted in a public cloud, private cloud or installed on local servers.
• It is completely browser-based, allowing multi-user role-based authentication with multiple public or private watchlists.
• It has a complete set of programming interfaces to allow integration into other systems and workflows allowing it to be run as a “black-box” engine.
• Using MXSERVER, all faces from the ingested video or photographs are:
o Extracted and cropped.
o Searched against a watchlist.
(Matches resulting in watchlist hits which can be pushed to external systems)
o Indexed so the media can be searched with a photograph.
(where have we seen this person before?)
• Media inputs to MXSERVER may include:
o Live surveillance cameras (CCTV).
o Body Worn Video.
o Archived video.
o Online Sources (YouTube, Facebook etc).
o Confiscated hardrives, phones, PCs (Digital Forensics).
o Live from police mobile phones.
o Members of the public.
• MXSERVER is linearly scalable, simply by adding / removing “worker” virtual machines.
• Allevate also offers a low-bandwidth live surveillance option that moves some processing next to the camera to:
o Perform face detection, pose correction, best face selection.
o Create JPGs of individually cropped faces.
Therefore, only JPG images of faces seen in the video stream are sent over the network to MXSERVER.
• MXSERVER is independent of the face recognition algorithm and is already integrated with face recognition algorithms of multiple vendors.
• MXSERVER can integrate additional detection capabilities, such as:
o Movement detection – Hone in on video segments where motion detected
o Automated Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) – Hone in on video where number plates are detected. Search by number plate, associate with face.
o Gait analysis – Identify and track individuals by the way they walk.
o Object recognition – Locate video segments where specific objects are present or specific individual classifications (i.e. people with red top).
o Logo detection – Locate video segments with specific logos. ” searching for person with a Man U sweatshirt.”
We have exclusivity to innovative technology in security, tracking and business process. Our main areas of business are Commercial property such as stadiums, Policing, Home Office, MOD and Border Force. We are based in the UK but have supplied services to major projects internationally.
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A fundamental maxim of computer security is that data should be protected at rest and in transit. The rule is usually translated into security processes that require encrypted network connections, such as TLS, VPN, and encryption of storage volumes, files, and objects.
Unfortunately, the bilateral principle has a small but perilous blind spot: data in use. Although encrypted storage and network sessions protect data in most cases, the use of shared infrastructure and services such as cloud instances and containers opens applications and data to attacks while they are running. Much like stealth malware or a rogue application that extracts data from other applications on an infected PC, it is possible for malicious code on a shared system to sniff data from another application’s working memory while it is running. execution. Moreover, since the data must be decrypted during the execution of the code, it does not matter how securely it was treated during storage or transport.
There have been many recent attempts to tighten the security barrier around running applications, including micro-VMs, application firewalls with role-based access security (RBAC), and curated app registries, but none are foolproof. Instead, the only way to ensure data security while running the application is to leverage the hardware features now included in modern processors. Unfortunately, using such Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) is easier said than done, a problem that startups and industry giants are solving in hopes of making so-called computing confidentiality a standard feature of cloud environments.
Hardware sandboxes – what started on phones comes to the cloud
A TEE is built on top of a hardware-defined secure enclave, which can be part of a processor or a separate chip, enhancing application security by encrypting the data used and applying access controls on different memory regions . Collectively, these create a so-called application sandbox that isolates an application’s data from all other processes running on the system. Application sandboxing is not a new concept, for example, virtual machines implement a form of sandboxing in software, however, applying sandbox protections in hardware was popularized by Apple in 2013 when it incorporated a Secure Enclave (SEP) processor on the A7 SoC powering the iPhone 5S.
Apple has since extended Secure Enclaves across its entire product line by adding SEP hardware to its A-series (iPhone, iPad, Apple TV, HomePod), S-series (Watch) and T-series (microchip) silicon. Mac security). Thus, a feature originally designed to protect the phone’s operating system and a user’s biometric security data has been extended to provide robust isolation between applications. Google followed suit in 2018, first adding the Titan M security chip to the Pixel 3 and all subsequent Chrome phones and devices.
Apple has been vague in describing its SEP, the design and features of which often change with new revisions of the A-series SOC, however, this Blackhat presentation summarizes the details, which represents a reasonable proxy for SEPs that have subsequently been introduced by Intel and AMD.
- Embedded in hardware that the application processor cannot access.
- Modules for basic security functions, including an encryption engine and a random number generator.
- Cryptographically signed and validated dedicated boot ROM and working RAM
- Provides application-specific key validation and AES encryption of external RAM.
- Applies memory segmentation, aka a “filter”, to prevent applications from accessing another application’s memory or SEP memory.
It may seem ironic that consumer devices were the pioneers of hardware security, because the stakes, i.e. the risks and consequences of a breach, are much higher for enterprises, especially those that use shared cloud services. Fortunately, the hardware protection gap began to close when Intel released its secure enclave and Security Guard Extensions (SGX) SDK in 2015 with the Skylake microarchitecture.
Unlike some TEE implementations, SGX allows an application to be partitioned into protected and unprotected modules.
An Intel product brief and a blog from Quarkslab, a security research and consulting firm, provide excellent summaries of SGX’s main features:
- When an application creates an enclave, SGX creates protected memory.
- Unprotected application code and data is separate from secure code and data in the enclave.
- When the app calls an enclave function, only enclave code can see the protected data. External access is denied.
- When a running enclave is terminated, the SEP removes all data from processor registers to prevent eavesdropping by other processes.
- An application can use an SGX function to verify its authenticity and integrity and whether it is running on a genuine Intel processor from a trusted third party (or remote attestation).
AMD released a similar set of hardware security features in 2016 with Secure Memory Encryption (SME) and Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV). ARM followed suit by introducing a Platform Security Architecture (PSA) in 2017 which is currently embodied in Cortex-M processors and IP blocks available to ARM licensees.
Transform hardware features into secure applications
Although processor designers have provided the raw materials for creating hardware-enhanced secure applications, the software tools available are basic and hardware-specific. Thus, applications written for one security architecture (eg Intel SGX versus AMD SME) must be rewritten before migrating to another. What is needed is a platform-independent layer of abstraction to erase these architectural distinctions. It’s a technology gap that has caught the attention of several startups, including Anjuna, Anglave, and Fortanix, and sparked the creation of the Confidential Computing Consortium.
I recently spoke with Ayal Yogev, CEO and co-founder of Anjuna Security, about the company’s first product, Anjuna Enterprise Enclaves, an architecture-independent platform that acts as a middleman between implementations and applications. Hardware-specific SEPs. Thus, developers do not need to recompile applications for different types of servers or cloud services. The product currently runs on Intel or AMD servers or Azure services, with support for AWS Nitro coming soon, and is available through the Azure Marketplace.
Azure has embraced the idea of hardware-enhanced security through its confidential computing service and recently announced the general availability of virtual machines using SGX to protect data at runtime. Developers can build secure applications on Azure DCsv2 instances and have several options on the Azure Marketplace in addition to Anjuna, including:
IBM Cloud supports hardware security through IBM Cloud Data Shield, a secure enclave available for its Kubernetes service hosts that adds Python and Java interfaces to standard SGX C and C++ APIs, and includes pre-built SGX applications for MySQL and NGINX.
Secure hardware enclaves aren’t new, but extending the concept to enterprise applications and cloud infrastructure is a nascent development. While the Confidential Computing Consortium is only two years old, it now has more than two dozen members, including all major cloud providers except AWS.
Before confidential computing – what I call hardware-enhanced security – can be widely adopted, developers need platform-independent tools that accelerate the adaptation of existing applications to secure hardware and allow workloads to be migrated between server and cloud platforms without modification. Initial tools focused on security niches like key management, however, Anjuna offers the promise of a general-purpose abstraction layer that can bolster the security of many categories of applications, including data analytics. data, content management and DLP, blockchain and edge/IoT workloads.
Improving application security by exploiting the hardware features of modern processors will be a slow and tedious process, however, it should be remembered that it took Apple and iOS developers years to fully exploit the features of the A-series SEP. So CISOs and enterprise developers have time to climb the confidential computing learning curve, but have no excuse to delay now that cloud services and supporting development platforms have arrived. on the market.


EVOLVE GTR ELECTRIC SKATEBOARDS
14 May, 2019
Introducing the Evolve GTR Series Electric Skateboard!
For the last decade Evolve Skateboards have been pioneering the electric skateboard, pushing the boundaries on what is possible. The last two years have been spent developing and testing the next generation in electric skateboards - the Evolve GTR series.
Available in Bamboo or Carbon, the GTR series has been redesigned from the ground up. Dual 1,500 watt motors powered by a 14AH Lithium Ion battery are capable of up to 42km/h and a range of up to 50km. Each and every component has been tweaked with the GTR range sitting on new forged alloy trucks and the Street edition boards rolling on USA made wheels. The GTR is controlled by a Bluetooth enabled handset for instant control.
Pre-order your Evolve GTR now wiith limited stock available early June 2019.


The Door/Window Sensor detects and reports the opening and closing of doors and windows. Easily installed on any door or window, the sensors trigger a signal when parted, notifying the user when a room is entered. The Window Sensor also features a built-in temperature measuring functionality that measures changes in room temperature, down to a 0.1°C interval. Readings from the sensor can be sent via a home automation system through SMS, e-mail, or web. The increased awareness of temperature and daily power consumption can help your customer decrease their heating costs.
The Window Sensor operates under the Zigbee standard, ensuring compatibility with other Zigbee certified products. The Zigbee Home Automation Window Sensor is configured as an end-device.
A battery life average of 6 years ensures minimal maintenance.
Key features: Magnetic sensor – IAS zone, Temperature sensor, Zigbee Home Automation 1.2 certified


Giving information to people present in the environment such as street, office buildings, government offices, private sector offices, factories, hospitals, hotels, train stations, subway stations, and restaurants are among the methods of getting messages across.
Sometimes, a picture can convey messages containing hundreds of words. The Graphic Digital board or LED graphic board is capable of texts and messages in the form of phrases and sentences inn addition to displaying picture and graphical shapes.
The LED graphic board or Graphic Digital board is capable of displaying images both static and dynamic which attracts the viewers’ attention more effectively leading to better message transfer.
Shayanbargh Company aiming at serving the community has designed and produced LED graphic boards as well as Graphic Digital boards.
The Graphic Digital board made by this company is capable of displaying both texts and images..
All products Our company is the after sales service


ADVANCE COLLECTION CONCEPTS
SIGINT AND SUNSPOT MAXIMUM
SIGINT AND SUNSPOT MAXIMUM
2 July 1998
The author acknowledges the encouragement and guidance of W.F. Persinger, Chief, K, during this study. He is also grateful for the extraordinary assistance, helpful discussions and critiques provided by F. Berko (K5), Susan Feibel (K4), C. Goedeke (M2), and Tara S. Vaughan (K409).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
FOLLOWING IS A UNCLASSIFIED REPRINT OF A CLASSIFIED PAPER ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED UNDER THE SAME TITLE AT NSA ON 1 JULY 1998
ALL CLASSIFIED MATERIAL WAS REMOVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH N5P6 PUBLICATION REVIEW, MEMO DATED 9 MAR 1999.
This report is concerned with the year 2001 problem; i.e., the changes to SIGINT by the rising sunspot number which will peak between 2000-2002.
The objective of this paper is to provide a brief survey on the impact of the impending sunspot maximum.
2.1 The Sun
The solar cycle attains a maximum about every 11 years. It has been recorded from about 1700. The mean monthly spot count is shown in Fig. 2.1. The periodic appearance of spots on the solar surface (photosphere) defines a cycle. The number varies from about five to a maximum which may exceed 200. Cycles have been numbered consecutively; the present cycle, No. 23, will peak between the years 2000-mid 2002. Note that the spot number is only a visual indicator of solar activity; the underlying cause for this cyclic mechanism is still unknown.
The first indication of a new cycle is the appearance of spots near solar latitude of 40 degrees. They appear simultaneously at about equal latitudes in both hemispheres of the sun. As the cycle advances the latitude of appearance decreases and asymptotically approaches ~5 degrees in the declining years of the cycle. During this period spots of the new cycle may appear so that spots from both cycles are present. The magnetic polarities of spots in opposite hemispheres are reversed. An interesting feature occurs in the succeeding cycle: the magnetic polarities of spots in the northern and southern solar hemispheres become reversed (Fig. A.2).
As the cycle rises, the number and size of spots, and the number of flares increase, and their various emissions greatly increase in intensity. Also, the solar atmosphere, (the chromosphere) becomes increasingly violent and turbulent, ejecting into space clouds of material (Chromospheric Mass Eruptions - CME).
The energy output of the sun is concentrated in the infrared and visible portions of he spectrum. This energy, known as the solar constant, sustains most life forms on Earth and amounts to about one kW/sq m. Energy is also emitted in the Radio Frequency (RF), and UltraViolet and X (UVX), regions of the spectrum. Energy is also carried by outgoing streams of solar corpuscles, particularly by proton jets of high velocity. By way of comparison, the latter energies maximize during peak years of the cycle, whereas the solar constant changes little. The larges amount of energy, on a one-sq/m basis, is for RF, microwatts; for UVX, tens of milliwatts, and for proton jets ~1kW within the stream.
The Earth's upper atmosphere is extremely sensitive to UVX and corpuscular radiation and undergoes remarkable changes during peak years of the spot cycle.
The sun constantly exudes a stream of corpuscles (electrons, protons, and heavy ions) radially into space. This stream (the solar wind) causes planetary atmospheres and cometary tails to stretch anti-sunwards. Since the solar wind is an ionized plasma it interacts with planetary magnetic fields. The volume around the Earth and Jupiter controlled by their magnetic fields is called the magnetosphere; its surface is the magnetopause. Beyond it lies the solar wind (Fig. 2.2).
The solar wind extends to the tail of the magnetosphere on the night side of the Earth to distances well beyond the orbit of the moon (Fig. 2.2).
During years of spot maximum the sun emits clouds of CME and energetic proton jets from spots, flares, and the chromosphere. They travel with excess momentum through the solar wind and may buffet, flap, and even compress the magnetosphere. The shock wave of large corpuscular clouds has compressed the magnetopause to within synchronous (~40,000 km) altitudes, causing damage to orbiting satellites.
2.2 The Earth's Ionosphere
The ionosphere is that portion of the atmosphere where electrons exist in sufficient numbers to affect radio wave propagation. The ionosphere extends from about 60 km to thousands of km. The atomic species change with altitude; in the lower ionosphere the ions are primarily those of oxygen and nitrogen. In the upper ionosphere the gases stratify according to their molecular weight. The outermost reaches contain ions of helium and hydrogen.
The lower section of the ionosphere contains a number of layers: D, E, F1 and F2 located at nominal altitudes of 80, 100, 200, and 250 km respectively. Sporadic E, a cloud-like layer not under direct solar control also occurs at about 110 km. All other layers are produced and controlled by the sun. In the higher layers where mean free paths are considerable, movement of electrons is affected by the Earth's magnetic field.
The D layer may be considered as absorptive for radio frequencies above about 500 kHz, but supportive for propagation at lower frequencies. When the electron content increases the two effects are emphasized. HF absorption increases inversely with the square of the frequency.
The upper layers are "reflective"for High Frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz, Figs. 2.3) and Fig. 2.4, more to scale illustrate the location of the layers relative to the Earth. The electron densities of each layer increase with sunspot number thus allowing higher frequencies to be "reflected" during peak years of the cycle (Fig. 2.5).
A marked increase in D region electron densities stems from two causes: a) intense bursts of UVX from flares, and b) precipitation of solar electrons into the D region. UVX only affects the sunlit hemisphere and causes a "short-wave fadeout" which persists for minutes to perhaps an hour. The trajectories of penetrating electrons are influenced by the Earth's magnetic field; they may reach the D layer on the night and twilight regions. Further, the more energetic the electrons the more equatorwards they enter the atmosphere, thus producing D absorption and aurora at lower and lower latitudes. The value of the magnetic index Q is an indication of the magnitude of the energetic particle stream intruding into the atmosphere. Figs. 2.6-2.8 indicate the equatorwards progression of aurora and D absorption as a function of increased terrestrial magnetic activity.
The auroral associated D absorption can persist for hours, or even days. (To a rough extent, terrestrial magnetic activity is a measure of the energy deposited by solar corpuscular streams into the atmosphere, (see Section 2.3).
Above the F2 layer the ionosphere still remains a weak plasma with equal numbers of ions and electrons. A radio wave propagating through this region is affected by the Total Electron Content (TEC) it encounters. Since the ionosphere constantly varies with time, the TEC also varies and introduces rapid fading on the phase and amplitude of the wave. This fading is called scintillation. Scintillation is analogous to the twinkling of starlight observed on the ground from stars. Twinkling arises from changing multipath conditions in the troposphere; scintillation for multipath TEC changes in the ionsophere.
TEC is a function of the spot number and maximizes during peak years of the cycle. Like D region absorption for HF, scintillation affects lower frequencies most from (30-2,000 MHz). At frequencies exceeding 10 Ghz the ionosphere is transparent and no scintillation is observed. The up- and down-link frequencies of most satellites are still below 10 GHz and thus may be affected during solar maximum. Only satellites launched since about 1994 use RFs>10 Ghz for communications, command, and telemetry. At present many military, GPS, and commencial (INMARSAT) systems still use frquencies below 3GHz (C, X, L bands). Satellite-satellite communications are usually above 10 Ghz.
Because of scintillation locations on Earth determined from GPS become less accurate during solar maximum. Scintillation effects increase inversely with frquency below 2GHz.
2.3 The Earth's Magnetic Field
Thermo-electric currents flowing in the molten ferrous core of the interior generate the Earth's magnetic field. At the surface the resulting magnetic poles (about 0.5 gauss) are not diametrically opposite. All spherical harmonic analyses, using surface and spacecraft observations, indicate that the field is primarily dipole in nature. The derived geomagnetic (dipole) field is employed in most computations and usually is considered to be located at the center of the Earth.
Over 98 percent of the field arises from the internal electric currents. All major fluctuations, which may attain one milligauss, arise from electric currents external to the planet.
On a cosmic basis the Earth may be considered as a spherical magnetic embedded in flowing ionized plasma, the solar wind. On the sunward side, the field lines are compressed by the solar wind, but still retain their dipolar shape. However, the ionized solar wind interacts with the field and at some latitude drags the field lines far into the night side of the planet - to distances of about 100 earth radii (See Fig. 2.2).
Between the closed field lines on the sunlit side and those drawn anti-sunwards is an opening called the "cusp". It may be considered as a magnetic funnel, which allows solar corpuscles to more readily enter the magnetosphere.
Usually corpuscular clouds from the sun have their own internal electric current systems, which generate an Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) for the cloud as a whole. When the fields of the IMF and the Earth are appropriately aligned, considerable material may enter the Earth's magnetosphere. (One statistical study implied that climatic effects arise from this interaction.)
A variety of terrestrial magnetic effects, each arising from a different cause and having its own distinct signature originate from the interaction of the interplanetary clouds and the Earth's field. For example, the shock wave of the cloud may compress the magnetosphere or cause it to flap and fishtail in the solar wind. The corpuscular material can generate large electric currents flowing within the ionosphere in polar and equatorial regions (auroral and equatorial electrojets); or induce large sheet currents from auroral to equatorial latitudes. Ring currents encircle the Earth causing additional perturbations to the equatorial magnetic field.
In addition, some corpuscular material and proton jets may penetrate the dayside magnetosphere and fill the inner and outer Van Allen radiation belts. At this point it should be recalled (Section 3) that although the geomagnetic field is usually considered to be located at the center of the Earth, it is actually displaced towards Indonesia. This displacement of the dipole causes field lines and radiation belts to dip more closely into the atmosphere over the South Atlantic than elsewhere. The effect is known as the South Atlantic anomaly. Spacecraft orbiting through the anomaly are more vulnerable to damage by the high-energy protons trapped in the radiation belts. (Indeed, more Single Event Upsets ((SEU) occur to satellite computers when they traverse this area than elsewhere).
As a rough approximation, the intensity of terrestrial magnetic activity provides an indication of the energy dumped upon the planet by solar corpuscular action.
A variety of magnetic indices have been devised, (some linear, some logarithmic) to indicate the magnitude of magnetic intensity (k, a, A, Q). The larger the value of the index the greater the effect on the ionosphere. It also correlates with the extent of damage that may be expected on spacecraft and human operations.
Finally, on an integrated basis corpuscular energy slowly heats the atmosphere causing it to expand and increase satellite drag as the cycle advances.
An interesting phase lag occurs between the maximum of the spot, flare, and magnetic activity cycles. The number of flares maximizes about one year after, and magnetic activity, about 2.5 years after, the spot peak (See Fig. 2.11). This lag implies that a "buffering condition" exists within the magnetosphere. Solar corpuscles are retained in this region and slowly dribble onto the Earth causing a delayed maximum in magnetic activity.
Some effects caused by the ionospheric current systems should be noted. The electrojets induce large currents on long north-south conductors (power-, rail- , pipe-, and telephone lines). During previous spot maxima currents to 10,000 amperes flowed in the Alaskan power grids and caused power outages in northern regions (Quebec, Manitoba, Minnesota, New York, Scandinavia, etc.).
The more intense the corpuscular stream the lower the latitude on Earth that may be affected (Figs. 2.6-2.8). A value of Q=0 indicates quiescent conditions (no invading corpuscles) and Q=6, large-scale corpuscular intrusion.
During the last maxima increased atmospheric drag on Low Earth Orbiters (LED) caused some to tumble out of control. Headaches arose at radar tracking stations; many of the 40,000+ space objects tracked daily changed orbits and disappeared. Re-identification of space chunks was a time consuming exercise. A summary of the various effects of spot maximum on the medium is given in Table 2.1.
3. HF Collection
Since the ionospheric layers will allow increased frequency support communicators will expand HF-ALE operations from 1-25 MHz to 1-40+ MHz. Manufacturers anticipating this increase are supplying off the shelf ALE equipment to about 60 MHz.
The numerous jets of protons and corpuscles in the orbital plane introduce the hostile environment. Insufficient shielding of the spacecraft can allow penetrating corpuscles to damage circuitry, upset computer chips, and cause Single Event Upsets, (SEU). The increased corpuscular and proton streams can deteriorate solar panels this decreasing power input to spacecraft. Increased skin charging can allow arcing and thus lower the ratio of signal/noise. A summary of the problems, which may be encountered because of changes of the medium, is given in Table 3.1.
Several additional factors caused by the rising spot cycle unconnected with SIGINT may be noted in passing. It should be noted that with increased number of satellites the "collisional frequency" between spacecraft and proton jets will increase so that a greater number of satellites will be affected. At the present time about 500 satellites exist and the number within the next few years may reach 1000. Further, present cost cutting reductions for commercial satellites may well result in considerable communication failures because of decreased safety factors in satellite skins, circuitry hardening, chip hardening, power panel reductions, etc. For satellites in networks the failure of a series of satellites may cause failure of the entire system.
3.1 Additional Information
It may be of interest to list some additional items that occurred during the maxima of previous solar cycles. Some examples include power grid failures in northern latitudes; failure of Loran navigational systems because of lack of propagation; retinal flashes in astronauts causing them to seek radiation safe enclosures; excessive radiation to Concorde airline passengers; and extensive HF blackouts.
As an aside, it may be mentioned that during minimum years of spot activity the decreased ionospheric support causes HF communications to be more closely packed together in frequency. Also, all frequencies lie in the lower to mid-portions of the HF band. Since absorption varies inversely with the square of the frequency, a relatively minor solar burst of UVX of corpuscular radiation can disrupt many circuits. On the other hand, the expanded frequency support during peak years of the cycle permits users to move upwards in frequency where absorption of HF occurs sporadically.
There is also some influence on the source of errors of High Frequency Direction Finding (HFDF). During spot minimum errors are introduced into HFDF by misidentification of the target signal; i.e., producing a bearing on the wrong transmitter. During spot maximum, however, the users have moved upwards in frequency. An HFDF error now arises more because of the independent variability of each layer and the juxtaposition of different rays arriving via different paths. A summary of the effects on HF collection is given in Talbe 3.1.
For general interest, the magnetic field lines around the Earth as distorted by the solar wind are shown in Fig. A.1.


One of the most important pieces of information given to us by the dashboard of a car or articulated lorry, or even of a boat or a self-propelled machine, is the amount of fuel in the vehicle's tank. Mont.El's fuel level sensors ensure constant and precise measurement, thanks to the company’s extensive construction experience and patents filed.
The sensor's output provides a variable resistance value depending on the fuel level when the contact slides on a suitable gold FR4 printed circuit board.
By ensuring the appropriate number and length of segments on the printed circuit board, it is possible to linearise the measurement, allowing the probe to adapt to any tank and type of instrument, whether analogue or digital.
The sensor's output also provides a normally open contact which closes to ground when the fuel level reaches the desired reserve level. Due to the internal shape and arrangement of the sensor (obstructions caused by the flanges and dimensions of the float), there are two "dark areas": one near the flange and one near the cap. These areas, corresponding to the "full" and "empty" levels, are indicated in the table of lengths in the technical data sheets, with reference to the surface of the fuel.
The remaining 13 levels are distributed along the rest of the float's path of movement. The presence of a tranquillisation chamber allows for the oscillations to be reduced that the float would otherwise experience while the vehicle is moving. The sensor is therefore a particularly precise and stable indicator under any operating conditions.
The electronic components are positioned in the flange and are completely sealed to ensure they are duly protected. With this configuration, the resistive level indicator can be used in any tank containing non-conductive liquids (petrol, unleaded petrol, diesel, etc.) and can be installed in the tank with a maximum inclination of 15° with respect to the vertical axis.


Coding Robot for Kids
Early childhood is a wonderful time to spark kids’ interest in coding, robotics, and engineering. Young children are curious about the world around them, and today that world includes technology. Introducing a coding robot for kids promotes positive, creative, and educational engagement with technology. Integrating robotics and coding into early childhood education is easier than you may think, with hands-on, screen-free tools like KIBO.
For children in PreK-2, robotics can introduce STEM concepts to them in a playful way, thereby encouraging them to be excited about further exploration in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math.


Dr. Galen Maclaurin
Senior Energy Researcher, Manager, Geospatial Data Science Group
U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Dr. Galen Maclaurin is a senior energy researcher and manager of the Geospatial Data Science group at the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). He leads the development of meso-scale wind and solar resource data sets at the intersection of atmospheric science, machine learning, and big data processing. He manages a geospatial modeling team that develops scalable, innovative methods for understanding the barriers and opportunities for future renewable energy deployment from a cost-performance perspective.


lynk is the smart wearable device which is designed, developed and manufactured by uConekt Inc. Firmware running on lynk device ensure the smartphone authenticity and security of the data exchanged with the smartphone. For additional security, lynk device Bluetooth is not publicly visible. It’s only visible to the paired smartphone.
The coin-size battery powering the lynk device can last for at least four (4) months on a single battery. All communication done with the smartphone is encrypted using AES-128 encryption. In the first version of lynk device, our proprietary communication protocol is being used.
Pairing process with the lynk device in securely completed in two steps to securely pair with a single smartphone.
lynk facilitates multiple interfaces of alerts to the user like LED, buzzer, vibrator and accelerometer. Using the mobile application running on smartphone, the user can configure lynk device according to their unique individual preferences. Based on proximity/distancesettings, lynk device gives alerts to the user through its LED, buzzer and vibrator.
By tapping on the lynk device user can detect his smartphone and from smartphone user can also detect his lynk device.


Crossovers and Level Controls
Replacing speakers will make a big difference in the sound quality, but you'll need to add a couple of components to the mix to help ensure the best overall sound.
We've already mentioned that no single speaker can reproduce the entire audio frequency spectrum: different types of speakers perform better for certain frequency ranges. So how do we split up the audio signal produced by the sound system into these different ranges? An electronic circuit called a crossover (also called a crossover network) does that job.
A crossover takes an audio signal and splits it into different frequency bands; this way each speaker can be presented with only the range of audio frequencies that it can handle. Crossovers can be as simple as a single capacitor or inductor, or they can be built using a complex combination of electronic components. The audio frequency at which the crossover splits the signal is known as the crossover frequency, commonly abbreviated as "Fc".
Since we're replacing the existing "wide range" cabinet speaker with a woofer we'll want to ensure that only low frequency sounds are sent to the cabinet speaker. If you think this means we'll need to add a crossover to the sound system, you're right - with an exception.
Games that use the DCS sound system have a sound board with two separate amplifiers, and an on-board crossover that splits the audio signal into two different frequency bands feeding the individual amplifiers. The low frequencies (below about 600 Hertz) are directed to the cabinet speaker, while the high frequencies (above about 300 Hertz) are directed to the back box speakers.
This means that you don't need to use a crossover in a game with a DCS sound system; the crossover is already built into the sound system. If you have a DCS game you can skip ahead to the section on level controls. If you have a pre-DCS sound system game you should always install a crossover.
The specification sheet for a woofer typically lists the suggested crossover frequency; in most cases it's in the vicinity of 100 to 120 Hertz. You can use an extremely simple crossover composed of just a coil of wire (technically known as an inductor) wired in series with the cabinet speaker. In technical terms this would be a low-pass filter: it only permits low frequencies to pass on to the speaker.
If you're using an 8 ohm cabinet speaker you'll want to use a series inductor of approximately 10 milliHenries (abbreviated mH); if you're using a 4 ohm cabinet speaker you'll want to use a series inductor of approximately 5 mH. These values will produce a crossover point of around 120 Hz. The inductor should be made of 18-gauge wire; an air core unit or a unit on a spool work equally well. Parts Express is one source for inductors: the 5 mH unit is part number 255-284, and the 10 mH unit is part number 255-294. The inductors are priced at $8 and $12 respectively.
Another option is to use a pre-assembled subwoofer crossover. You can buy a Pyramid CR-19 subwoofer crossover for less than $10; I found them listed for as low as $8 via a quickie Web search for "pyramid cr19 crossover". This unit is built on a circuit board with spade lug wire connectors designed to fit 1/4-inch quick-disconnect terminals, making it very easy to mount and connect. Note that most pre-assembled subwoofer crossovers are designed for a specific impedance speaker. The Pyramid model is designed for a crossover point of 120 Hz using a 4 ohm woofer.
Note: As of January 2005 the Pyramid CR-19 subwoofer crossover appears to be in short supply. If you can't find one, you can substitute a Mobile Authority HSX-1 subwoofer crossover instead. You can also use a Parts Express in-line crossover: use part number 266-100 for a 4 ohm woofer, and 266-110 for an 8 ohm woofer.
A third option is to use what is called a "two-way" crossover. A two-way crossover has two outputs, one connected to the low frequency speaker, and one connected to the high frequency speaker. The sound board output is connected to the input of the crossover. If you use a two-way crossover you'll need one that has a crossover frequency in the vicinity of 400 - 500 Hertz. One model you might consider is the Eminence PXB2-500, available from Parts Express.
NOTE: If a two-way crossover is used you MUST connect speakers to each output of the crossover; if you use only the low frequency speaker connection you'll wind up with distorted sound.
I'll add more information on the use of two-way crossovers in the near future.
The human ear's sensitivity to sound varies by frequency: in general, the ear can perceive high frequencies better than low frequencies. Most woofers are also less efficient at converting electrical signals into sound waves than midrange speakers. Because of this, when you fire up a game with replacement back box and cabinet speakers you may not be very pleased with the resulting sound: the high frequencies produced by the back box speakers will probably be louder than the low frequencies produced by the cabinet speaker. To compensate for this we can add a level control to the back box speakers so you can adjust the volume balance between the back box and cabinet speakers to your preference.
The simplest way to control the level of the back box speakers is to wire a resistor in series with them. The resistor effectively "throws away" some of the power output by the amplifier that would normally drive the speakers. The trouble with a fixed value resistor is that you'll probably need to tweak the value repeatedly until you find a balance you like; as soon as you change the volume setting of the game you'll probably need to replace the resistor.
A much better solution is to use an adjustable level control instead of a fixed resistor. There are two types of level control you can consider: a rheostat and an L-pad.
A rheostat is simply a variable version of the series resistor mentioned above: the rheostat adjusts from zero resistance to its maximum value by turning the shaft of the rheostat. When set to the zero resistance point all of the power produced by the amplifier will be delivered to the back box speakers. The maximum value of the rheostat will control the amount of power delivered to the back box speakers when the rheostat is set to the maximum resistance point.
Assuming we pick a rheostat that has the same resistance value as the back box speaker combination, adjusting the rheostat to its maximum resistance setting will allow only half of the amplifier's power to be delivered to the back box speakers. That will provide more than enough range of adjustment to compensate for the difference in efficiency of the cabinet and back box speakers. This means we'll want to use a rheostat of between 8 and 10 ohms resistance, and rated to handle at least 25 watts. You could use a rheostat with a greater resistance value, but doing so will mean that much of the rotational range of the rheostat will not have a noticeable effect on the volume level of the back box speakers.
High-power rheostats are pretty expensive, on the order of $20 and up. You can use Ohmite models RHS8R0 (8 ohms, 25 watts) or RHS10R (10 ohms, 25 watts), or a Vishay model MP10A10 (10 ohms, 25 watts). These rheostats are available from Mouser Electronics. Try to find an enclosed model, if you can, as most rheostats are built with exposed windings. If an exposed winding shorts to a ground point you could damage the amplifier on the sound or A/V board.
An L-pad is simply two rheostats connected to a common shaft, wired internally in such a way that the L-pad always presents the same impedance value to the amplifier. This is very important for tube-type amplifiers, which are sensitive to the impedance mismatch that would be produced using a series rheostat. Solid-state amplifiers - such as used in pinball machines - are much more forgiving of impedance mismatches.
The L-pad should be the same resistance value as the impedance of the back box speaker combination. Assuming the back box speakers are 4 ohms impedance and that we will wire them in series, that means we'll need an 8 ohm L-pad; the L-pad must be rated to handle at least 25 watts.
L-pads with these ratings are widely available, and are therefore relatively inexpensive. Parts Express model 260-252 is a good choice; you can add a model 260-270 faceplate that can serve double duty as a mounting point. The total cost for the L-pad and faceplate is around $6.
Which to Choose?
I'd recommend the L-pad. It's not strictly required in an electrical sense, but it is a more generally accepted method of controlling speaker level, and it's also significantly cheaper than a high-power rheostat. However, if you have a box of 10 ohm 25 watt rheostats lying around, feel free to use one instead of an L-pad!
NEXT: the tools and supplies you'll need
HOME: WPC speaker replacement
Copyright © 2005 by Joseph A. Dziedzic. All rights reserved.


Hey there! Have you ever considered harnessing the power of the sun to charge your devices or power up your RV? Well, if you have, then you’re in for a treat! Today, we’re going to review and compare three fantastic solar panel products that will make your life easier and more eco-friendly.
Portable solar panels have come a long way in recent years, becoming a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts, RV owners, and off-grid adventurers. These innovative devices allow you to tap into the sun’s energy, providing a sustainable and reliable power source wherever you go. Not only do they help reduce your carbon footprint, but they also save you money on electricity bills and give you the freedom to explore without worrying about finding a power outlet.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at three top-notch solar panel options: the ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel, the HQST 200 Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel, and the 200 Watt Solar Panel Kit. We’ll examine their features, durability, efficiency, and suitability for various off-grid applications. So get ready to discover which solar panel is an ideal fit for your needs, and let’s dive into the world of sustainable energy together!
The ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel is designed to provide a reliable and convenient source of power for your various devices and appliances. With its high power output and compatibility with most solar generators, this solar panel is perfect for RVs, laptops, solar generators, vans, and camping trips. Whether you’re off-grid or in a remote location, this portable solar panel will ensure that you have access to electricity whenever you need it.
We love the ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel because of its impressive power output and lightweight design. It is incredibly efficient, with up to 22% efficiency and 1/3 lighter than other solar panels of the same power. This means that you can charge your devices faster and carry the panel around with ease.
The primary purpose of the ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel is to provide a reliable and sustainable source of power for various devices and appliances, especially when you don’t have access to traditional electricity. Its key features include its high power output of 200W, which ensures that you can charge multiple devices simultaneously. The panel is also compatible with most solar generators on the market, thanks to the included connectors. Additionally, the panel is waterproof and constructed with durable IP66 nylon, making it perfect for outdoor use. Its foldable design and lightweight construction make it highly portable and convenient for traveling.
The ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel is of exceptional quality. Made in the USA, it boasts high efficiency and durability. The waterproof and adjustable bracket design ensures that it can withstand various weather conditions, making it suitable for use in any outdoor setting. The foldable design allows for easy storage and transportation, and the included connectors add versatility to its usage. This solar panel is built to last and provide reliable power for all your needs.
Here are some pros and cons of the ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel:
- High power output of 200W for faster and efficient charging
- Compatibility with most solar generators on the market
- Waterproof and durable design, perfect for outdoor use
- Foldable and lightweight for easy transportation
- Includes various connectors for enhanced versatility
- Comes with a 18-month warranty and friendly customer service
- May be pricey compared to other solar panels in the market
- Some users may find the size of the panel too large for their specific needs
With its impressive power output, compatibility with various devices, and excellent durability, the ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel is an excellent investment for anyone in need of a reliable and portable source of power. Whether you’re camping, RVing, or simply in a location without electricity, this solar panel will ensure that you can stay connected and powered up. Get yours today and embrace the freedom and sustainability of solar energy.
The HQST 200 Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel is designed for various off-grid applications, such as battery charging for boats, caravans, and other off-grid systems. It is specifically built for 12-volt battery charging systems and DC applications, making it a versatile choice for both recreational and residential use.
We love the HQST 200 Watt Solar Panel for its exceptional performance and efficiency. With a high conversion efficiency of up to 21%, this solar panel ensures maximum power generation even in low-light environments. The inclusion of bypass diodes further enhances its performance, making it an excellent choice for off-grid applications.
This 200-watt monocrystalline solar panel is built to provide efficient power generation while offering a long service life. The advanced encapsulation material with multi-layered sheet laminations enhances cell performance and guarantees a positive output tolerance of 0-3%. Additionally, the solar panel undergoes 100% EL testing to ensure there are no hot spots that could compromise its effectiveness.
Durability is also a key feature of the HQST 200 Watt Solar Panel. With a robust aluminum frame and tempered glass, it can withstand high winds up to 2400Pa and heavy snow loads up to 5400Pa. These features make it suitable for prolonged outdoor use and assure you that the panel will last for decades.
Installation of this solar panel is made easy with the inclusion of a junction box and MC4 connectors. The pre-drilled holes on the back of the panel allow for fast mounting and securing, making it compatible with various mounting systems such as Z-brackets, pole mounts, and tilt mounts. If you need a reliable mounting partner, you can search for the B06Y5QX9VX Z bracket.
The HQST 200 Watt Solar Panel offers outstanding quality and performance. Its high conversion efficiency, durable construction, and easy installation make it an excellent choice for off-grid applications. The solar panel undergoes rigorous testing and inspection to ensure it delivers flawless results. With its long lifespan and robust design, this solar panel is designed to withstand the test of time.
- High conversion efficiency of up to 21%
- Bypass diodes ensure excellent performance in low-light environments
- Durable construction with corrosion-resistant aluminum frame and tempered glass
- Easy installation with included junction box and MC4 connectors
- Compatible with different mounting systems
- B06Y5QX9VX Z bracket for mounting not included
So, if you’re looking for a reliable and efficient solar panel for your off-grid applications, the HQST 200 Watt Solar Panel is an excellent choice. With its high efficiency and long lifespan, you can be confident in its ability to power your battery charging systems and other DC applications.
The 200 Watt Solar Panel Kit 12V, Dual 5V USB Outputs Solar Panel Controller Combo is designed for a range of off-grid applications such as caravans, boats, camping, RVs, and homes. It is specifically built to provide efficient and reliable power in various off-grid situations.
This solar panel kit stands out for several reasons. Firstly, it uses high-quality materials and is equipped with multiple intelligent protection systems. This ensures that the inverter is fully protected during use, providing stability and reliability.
Secondly, it boasts a high conversion rate, allowing for maximum energy capture and utilization. This means you can harness more solar energy and make the most out of your power source.
Another great feature is the dual 5V USB outputs. With a DC5521 female interface, you can conveniently charge multiple mobile phones or electronic devices at the same time. This makes it perfect for outdoor activities like camping, picnics, and more.
This 200 Watt solar panel kit serves the purpose of converting solar radiation into electrical energy. It achieves this by absorbing sunlight and utilizing the energy conversion capabilities of solar panels. Compared to traditional batteries, solar panels are more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient.
The key features of this kit include the 5V dual USB outputs, which provide convenient charging options for mobile devices. The built-in 100A solar charge controller intelligently charges various 12V batteries while providing comprehensive protection against overcharge, overdischarge, overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, and reverse connection.
Additionally, the integrated voltage regulator module ensures a stable 5V USB output, making it compatible with a wide range of electronic devices. This solar panel kit is versatile and can be used for battery maintenance, trickle charging, and running various off-grid systems using 12V batteries.
The 200 Watt Solar Panel Kit 12V, Dual 5V USB Outputs Solar Panel Controller Combo is of exceptional quality. It is built with good-quality materials and features multiple intelligent protection systems, ensuring durability and long-term use. The high conversion rate and dual USB outputs further enhance its usability and convenience.
- Utilizes high-quality materials for durability
- Equipped with multiple intelligent protection systems
- High conversion rate for efficient energy capture
- Dual 5V USB outputs for charging multiple devices simultaneously
- Compatible with a wide range of electronic devices
- Integrated voltage regulator module for stable output
- May require additional accessories for certain applications
- Relatively higher price compared to some alternatives
The 200 Watt Solar Panel Kit 12V, Dual 5V USB Outputs Solar Panel Controller Combo is an excellent choice for off-grid power needs. Its durable construction, high conversion rate, and multiple intelligent protection systems make it reliable and efficient. With its dual USB outputs and comprehensive charging capabilities, it offers great convenience for various off-grid applications. While it may have a higher price point compared to some alternatives, the overall quality and performance of this solar panel kit make it a worthwhile investment. So, if you’re in need of reliable and environmentally friendly power for your off-grid adventures or home, this solar panel kit could be the perfect choice for you.
Comparison of Specifications
|ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel
|HQST 200 Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel
|200 Watt Solar Panel Kit 12V
|Up to 22%
|Up to 21%
|Compatible with most solar generators
|Compatible with off-grid applications
|Compatible with various applications
|Foldable & Portable
|MC-4 to Anderson / MC-4 to DC
|Junction box and MC4 connectors
|Z-brackets, pole mounts, tilt mounts
ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel
The ALLPOWERS SP033 200W portable solar panel is highly efficient with up to 22% conversion rate. It is lightweight and foldable, making it easy to carry while traveling. The panel is waterproof and durable, ensuring it can withstand various weather conditions. It is also compatible with most solar generators and comes with various connectors.
HQST 200 Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel
The HQST 200 Watt solar panel boasts a high conversion efficiency of up to 21%. It is designed for off-grid applications and comes with a durable aluminum frame and tempered glass for extended outdoor use. The panel includes junction box and MC4 connectors for easy installation and compatibility with different mounting systems.
200 Watt Solar Panel Kit 12V
This solar panel kit provides a high conversion rate and is made with good-quality materials. It includes multiple intelligent protection systems to ensure the inverter’s safety during use. The kit features a dual USB interface for charging devices on-the-go. It also comes with a 100A solar charge controller for intelligent battery charging and maintenance.
After thorough examination of the three products, the ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel, HQST 200Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel, and the 200 Watt Solar Panel Kit, it is clear that all three options offer reliable and efficient solar power solutions. However, each product has its own set of features and drawbacks that cater to different needs and preferences.
ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel
The ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel is a foldable solar panel kit that offers flexibility and portability. With its MC-4 Output and IP66 Waterproof rating, this solar charger is ideal for RVs, laptops, solar generators, vans, camping, and off-grid activities. It provides a reliable source of power for various devices, making it a versatile option. However, it may not be the most suitable choice for those looking for a permanent installation or individuals who require a higher wattage output.
HQST 200 Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel
The HQST 200 Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel is a high-efficiency module that offers excellent performance in battery charging applications for boats, caravans, and other off-grid systems. Its compact size, measuring 32.5 x 26.4 x 1.18 inches (New Version), makes it easy to install and fit into various settings. However, potential drawbacks of this product include the lack of additional features like USB outputs and a solar charge controller, which may be essential for certain users.
200 Watt Solar Panel Kit
The 200 Watt Solar Panel Kit is a comprehensive solution for power needs in various settings, including caravans, boats, homes, camping, and other off-grid applications. It features dual 5V USB outputs and comes with a 100A Solar Charge Controller, providing convenience and effective charging capabilities. This kit offers a complete package for individuals who require a full setup without the need for additional accessories. However, it may not be the best option for those seeking strictly portable or foldable panels.
In conclusion, the best choice depends on your specific requirements.
- If you prioritize portability and versatility, the ALLPOWERS SP033 200W Portable Solar Panel is a suitable option.
- For those seeking a high-efficiency module for battery charging, the HQST 200 Watt 12V Monocrystalline Solar Panel is recommended.
- Individuals looking for a comprehensive solution with a solar charge controller and USB outputs may find the 200 Watt Solar Panel Kit to be the most suitable.
Consider your power needs, mobility preferences, and available budget when selecting the solar panel that meets your requirements. With any of these options, you can harness the sun’s power and enjoy the benefits of renewable energy.