(c) TheLightsintheTunnel.com 2009. All Righs Reserved.
A groundbreaking new book looks at the economy, markets and technologies of the future. Available in paperback and PDF eBook versions. Examines leading edge technology such as artificial intelligence, robotics and nanotechnology and shows what the impact on the economy and job market is likley to be. Other questions addressed:
Are there robots in our future?
Are stagnating wages and a disappearing middle class caused by job automation?
Can computer technology destabilize financial markets?
Can jobs that require a graduate degree be automated?
Can knowledge worker jobs be automated using artificial intelligence (AI)?
Can technology prevent the global decline of the United States and the start of the post-American era?
Can technology solve climate change?
Can the future be predicted by looking at demographic trends?
Can we expect increasing systemic unemployment in the future?
Computer technology of the future - Effects on the Economy and Society
Could automation technology lead to a depression?
Did technology play a significant role in the 2007 subprime meltdown and the subsequent global financial crisis?
Do job automation and outsourcing lead to unemployment?
Do we need to adapt our market-based economic system to accelerating technology?
Does automation technology threaten the free market system?
How will job automation and robots impact the economy in the future? Will we have structural unemployment?< /FONT >
How will the offshore outsourcing trend evolve in the coming years? Does outsourcing cause unemployment?
What impact will technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology have on the job market? Will they lead to unemployment and low wages, or economic growth and prosperity?
Did technology play a significant role in the 2007 subprime meltdown and the subsequent global financial crisis, recession and skyrocketing unemployment? What role will technology play in recovery? Does income inequality matter if overall economic growth continues?
Which jobs and industries are likely to be most vulnerable to automation and offshoring / outsourcing?
Unemployment and Consumer Spending in the Future
The Future of Consumer Demand
What will the future job market look like?
Our Children's Future
Globalization. Collaboration. Telecommuting. Are these the economic forces that will shape the workplaces of the future?
What are the economic implications of advancing automation technology for developing nations such as China and India?
The primary economic trend in the future decades and century will be globalization. True or false?
Is the singularity really near? What is the economic impact of the technological singularity?
Will technology threaten democracy? Will capitalism work in the future? Will advancing technology lead to socialism?
Can technology solve climate change and global


The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various industries, and agriculture is no exception. With the integration of IoT technology, farmers can now monitor their farms in real-time, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. This article explores the benefits and applications of IoT in agriculture, focusing on the importance of real-time farm monitoring.
The Need for Real-Time Farm Monitoring
Traditionally, farmers relied on manual labor and periodic inspections to monitor their crops and livestock. This approach often resulted in delayed detection of issues such as pest infestations, diseases, or water shortages, leading to significant losses. Real-time farm monitoring using IoT devices enables farmers to overcome these challenges by providing instant access to critical information.
How IoT Enables Real-Time Farm Monitoring
IoT devices, such as sensors and cameras, can be strategically placed throughout the farm to collect data on various parameters. These devices are connected to a central hub or cloud-based platform, where the data is analyzed in real-time. Farmers can access this information through their smartphones, tablets, or computers, allowing them to make informed decisions promptly.
Benefits of Real-Time Farm Monitoring
1. Early Detection of Issues: Real-time monitoring enables farmers to detect issues such as pest infestations or diseases at their early stages. By receiving instant alerts, farmers can take immediate action to prevent the spread of pests or diseases, minimizing crop damage and reducing the need for chemical interventions.
2. Optimal Resource Management: IoT devices can monitor soil moisture levels, temperature, and humidity, helping farmers optimize their irrigation and fertilization practices. By ensuring that crops receive the right amount of water and nutrients, farmers can maximize yields while conserving resources.
3. Livestock Monitoring: IoT devices can also be used to monitor livestock, ensuring their well-being and health. Sensors attached to animals can track their movements, body temperature, and even detect signs of distress. This real-time information allows farmers to intervene promptly, preventing potential health issues or losses.
4. Weather Monitoring: Weather conditions play a crucial role in agriculture. IoT weather stations can provide real-time data on temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation. Farmers can use this information to make informed decisions regarding planting, harvesting, or protecting crops from adverse weather conditions.
Applications of IoT in Agriculture
1. Precision Agriculture: IoT enables precision agriculture by providing farmers with accurate data on soil conditions, crop growth, and environmental factors. This information allows farmers to tailor their farming practices, such as irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application, to individual crop needs, resulting in optimized yields and reduced environmental impact.
2. Supply Chain Management: IoT devices can track and monitor the movement of agricultural products throughout the supply chain. This ensures transparency and traceability, reducing the risk of contamination or spoilage. Real-time monitoring also enables timely delivery and minimizes losses due to delays or improper storage conditions.
3. Greenhouse Automation: IoT devices can automate various tasks in greenhouse farming, such as temperature and humidity control, irrigation, and lighting. This automation optimizes resource utilization, reduces labor costs, and ensures consistent crop growth and quality.
Real-time farm monitoring through IoT technology offers numerous benefits to farmers, including early detection of issues, optimal resource management, livestock monitoring, and weather monitoring. By harnessing the power of IoT, farmers can make data-driven decisions and improve their overall productivity and profitability. As IoT continues to advance, its applications in agriculture are only expected to grow, further transforming the industry.


Implementing Six Sigma in the context of Industry 4.0 involves using data-driven methodologies and advanced technologies to improve processes, reduce defects, and enhance overall quality and efficiency. Here’s a detailed example of how Six Sigma can be applied in an Industry 4.0 setting:
Problem Statement: Let’s say you work for a manufacturing company that produces electronic components. The company has identified a recurring issue with the soldering process that results in defects and increased rework, leading to higher production costs and decreased customer satisfaction. The goal is to reduce defects in the soldering process.
Step 1: Define (DMAIC Phase 1)
Project Charter: Create a project charter that outlines the problem, goals, team members, scope, and timeline. It should also define the key performance metrics, such as defect rate and customer satisfaction score.
Voice of the Customer (VOC): Gather feedback from customers regarding their expectations and requirements for the electronic components’ quality.
Step 2: Measure (DMAIC Phase 2)
Data Collection: Collect data from various sources within the manufacturing process. In Industry 4.0, you can use IoT devices, sensors, and automation systems to gather real-time data on temperature, humidity, soldering machine performance, and defect rates.
Data Analysis: Use statistical tools and software to analyze the collected data. Identify the root causes of defects, potential sources of variation, and key process parameters affecting soldering quality.
Step 3: Analyze (DMAIC Phase 3)
Root Cause Analysis: Utilize advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms to pinpoint the primary causes of defects. This might involve analyzing historical data to uncover patterns and correlations.
Hypothesis Testing: Develop and test hypotheses to validate the root causes. Industry 4.0 technologies can help you perform complex simulations and predictive modeling to understand the impact of different variables on soldering quality.
Step 4: Improve (DMAIC Phase 4)
Optimization: Use simulation and optimization tools to find the ideal process parameters that minimize defects and improve soldering quality. This may involve adjusting machine settings, fine-tuning temperature and humidity control, or upgrading equipment.
Automation: Implement automation solutions, such as robotic soldering or automated quality inspections, to reduce human error and increase consistency in the soldering process.
Step 5: Control (DMAIC Phase 5)
Statistical Process Control (SPC): Implement SPC tools and IoT devices to monitor the soldering process in real time. Set up control charts and alarms to detect any deviations from the optimized process.
Documentation and Standardization: Document the new standard operating procedures and ensure that all operators are trained to follow them consistently. Use digital documentation and training tools enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies.
Step 6: Verify and Sustain (DMAIC Phase 6)
Performance Metrics: Continuously monitor and measure the performance metrics defined in the project charter. Ensure that defects remain reduced, and customer satisfaction remains high.
Feedback Loop: Use feedback from customers, operators, and IoT sensors to make continuous improvements. Machine learning models can help predict potential issues before they occur.
Knowledge Sharing: Promote knowledge sharing among team members and departments, and use digital platforms and collaborative tools to facilitate communication and data sharing.
By implementing Six Sigma in an Industry 4.0 environment, you can not only solve specific problems but also create a culture of data-driven decision-making and continuous improvement throughout the organization. This approach leverages the power of advanced technologies and analytics to drive quality and efficiency improvements.
Step 7: Scale and Expand
Replication: If the initial Six Sigma project yields significant improvements in the soldering process, consider replicating the approach in other areas of your manufacturing operations where similar issues may exist.
Cross-Functional Collaboration: Encourage collaboration between different departments and teams, including engineering, production, quality control, and IT. Share best practices and lessons learned to optimize processes across the organization.
Step 8: Continuous Learning and Adaptation
Data Analytics and AI: Leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning to continuously analyze data from sensors and IoT devices. These technologies can help in predicting defects or process deviations, allowing for proactive intervention.
Blockchain for Traceability: In an Industry 4.0 setting, blockchain technology can be used for traceability and transparency. You can record critical process data on a blockchain to ensure data integrity and traceability of components throughout their lifecycle.
Advanced Robotics: As technology advances, explore the use of advanced robotics for more intricate and delicate soldering tasks. Collaborative robots (cobots) can work alongside human operators, improving precision and efficiency.
Digital Twins: Develop digital twins of your manufacturing processes. These digital representations allow you to simulate and optimize processes in a virtual environment before implementing changes in the physical world, reducing risks and costs.
Step 9: Integration with Supply Chain and Customers
1. Supply Chain Optimization: Collaborate with suppliers to optimize the supply chain. Industry 4.0 technologies like IoT and blockchain can enhance transparency and traceability in the supply chain, reducing the risk of receiving subpar materials.
Customer Feedback Loop: Continue gathering customer feedback and integrate it into your continuous improvement process. Use digital platforms to collect and analyze customer feedback in real time.
Step 10: Compliance and Certification
Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that your processes meet industry-specific regulations and standards. Industry 4.0 technologies can help automate compliance monitoring and reporting.
Certifications: Pursue relevant certifications such as ISO 9001 (Quality Management) or ISO 13485 (Medical Devices) to demonstrate your commitment to quality and process improvement.
Step 11: Employee Training and Development
Digital Skills: Invest in training programs to equip your workforce with the digital skills required to operate and maintain Industry 4.0 technologies effectively.Change Management: Implement change management strategies to ensure employees embrace the cultural shift toward data-driven decision-making and continuous improvement.
Step 12: Performance Review and Benchmarking
Performance Metrics: Regularly review and update your performance metrics. Benchmark your processes against industry leaders and identify areas for further improvement.
Innovation: Encourage a culture of innovation by providing incentives for employees to suggest and implement process improvements using the latest Industry 4.0 technologies.
By following these additional steps and integrating Industry 4.0 technologies into your Six Sigma implementation, you can create a robust framework for continuous improvement and innovation. This approach not only addresses specific issues but also positions your organization to thrive in the era of smart manufacturing and digital transformation.
Step 13: Predictive Maintenance and Asset Management
IoT-Based Predictive Maintenance: Implement IoT sensors and predictive maintenance algorithms to monitor the health of manufacturing equipment. This allows you to detect potential issues before they lead to downtime or defects, optimizing asset utilization.
2. Digital Asset Twins: Create digital twins of your manufacturing equipment. These virtual representations enable real-time monitoring of equipment performance, helping you make data-driven decisions regarding maintenance and upgrades.
Step 14: Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
Energy Monitoring: Utilize Industry 4.0 technologies to monitor energy consumption in your manufacturing processes. Implement energy-efficient practices and technologies, reducing your environmental footprint and operational costs.
Sustainability Initiatives: Incorporate sustainability goals into your Six Sigma projects. For instance, redesign products and processes to minimize waste, and explore the use of recycled or eco-friendly materials.
Step 15: Cybersecurity and Data Protection
Data Security: Ensure the security of your data, especially when using IoT devices and cloud-based solutions. Implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive information from cyber threats.
Data Governance: Establish data governance frameworks to maintain data integrity and compliance with data privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR). Ensure that only authorized personnel can access and modify critical data.
Step 16: Supply Chain Visibility and Resilience
End-to-End Visibility: Leverage Industry 4.0 technologies such as blockchain and RFID to achieve end-to-end supply chain visibility. This allows you to track the movement of materials and components in real time.
Supply Chain Resilience: Develop strategies to enhance supply chain resilience, enabling your organization to respond effectively to disruptions such as natural disasters, geopolitical events, or supply chain interruptions.
Step 17: Human-Machine Collaboration and Augmentation
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): Implement AR and VR technologies to provide workers with real-time instructions and support during complex tasks. This enhances worker productivity and reduces errors.
Cobotics: Further explore the use of cobots (collaborative robots) that can work alongside human operators. Cobots can handle repetitive and physically demanding tasks, allowing human workers to focus on more complex and value-added activities.
Step 18: Data-Driven Decision-Making
Advanced Analytics: Continuously invest in advanced analytics capabilities to extract meaningful insights from your data. This includes the use of machine learning, natural language processing, and big data analytics to make data-driven decisions.
Real-time Dashboards: Develop real-time dashboards and reporting tools that provide instant access to critical performance metrics. These dashboards enable quick responses to deviations and facilitate proactive decision-making.
Step 19: Continuous Improvement Culture
Employee Empowerment: Empower employees at all levels to contribute to process improvement. Establish a culture where employees feel encouraged to identify and report issues and suggest improvements.
Kaizen Events: Organize regular Kaizen events or improvement workshops where cross-functional teams brainstorm and implement small-scale improvements. Use digital collaboration tools to facilitate these events.
Step 20: Certification and Recognition
Six Sigma Certification: Encourage employees to pursue Six Sigma certifications to deepen their knowledge and expertise in process improvement methodologies.
Recognition Programs: Implement recognition programs to acknowledge and reward employees and teams for their contributions to quality improvement and innovation.
In conclusion, the successful implementation of Six Sigma in an Industry 4.0 environment is a dynamic and evolving process. It requires a holistic approach that combines data-driven methodologies, advanced technologies, and a culture of continuous improvement. By following these additional steps and embracing the opportunities presented by Industry 4.0, organizations can not only solve immediate problems but also position themselves as leaders in their industries, delivering high-quality products while remaining agile and competitive in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.


By Ken North
Sun Microsystems will ship in 2008 a new multi-core UltraSPARC processor that will alter the database server landscape. In a paper to be presented at the International Solid-State Circuits 2008 conference, Sun engineers will describe the revolutionary new UltraSPARC product currently known as the Rock processor. The Rock processor is expected to be the first server microprocessor that implements transactional memory technology.
Rock is the third generation of Sun's chip multi-threading (CMT) processors. Its multi-core architecture supports as many as 16 cores. The Rock processor represents an approach to parallel programming that will increase the performance of database servers, which experience bottlenecks from concurrency control features such as row and page locking. Besides transactional memory, the Rock processor includes a feature, known as hardware scout, that supports pre-fetching with multi-threaded hardware.
Fast, reliable data access for ODBC, JDBC, ADO.NET and XML
Multi-core processors have altered the pricing models for database software licensed on a per processor basis. DBMS vendors such as IBM and Oracle have changed their licensing model to lower pricing for database servers that make use of multi-core processors.
|Oracle, IBM and Microsoft have been in competition for years for the best performance on TPC-C, the transaction processing benchmark from the Transaction Processing Council. The best performance has come from multi-CPU test configurations.
The TPC-C results also report the best price/performance ratio among tested systems. Multi-core architectures with reduced DBMS licensing fees will undoubtedly be found in systems that move to the forefront of the TPC-C price-performance metrics. They will see widespread industry deployment in an era of virtualization and server consolidation.
Sun Looks to Consortium for Atomic Transaction API
Sun is reportedly looking to a new consortium to define an application programming interface for the implementation of atomic transactions. Sun's Solaris operating systems will provide support for atomic transactions. Solaris and the software implementing the new atomic transaction API are expected to be available as open source software.
Sun has previously released the eight-core Niagara processor to early access customers. Each Niagara core can process four software threads simultaneously. The 16-core Rock processor supports 32 threads plus 32 Scout threads.
Marc Tremblay, chief architect of the Scalable Systems Group at Sun, is the father of its multicore, multithreaded products (Niagara, Rock). He's been involved in hardware architecture at Sun since the development of the UltraSPARC I processor. In 1995, he and Sun co-founder Bill Joy developed the Microprocessor Architecture for Java Computing (MAJC), which pioneered the dual-core architecture.
Sun CEO Jonathan Schwartz described the recent MySQL acquisition as being the most important in Sun's history. Sun probably had the Rock processor in mind when it made the deal for MySQL. The MySQL architecture supports pluggable storage engines so it could easily integrate with a transactional storage engine that exploits the Rock processor's transactional memory.
The Rock processor is expected to be in systems available in early 2008.
About the Author
Ken North is a consultant, author, conference chair for LinkedData Planet and editor of SQLSummit.com. Visit his company's web site at www.KNComputing.com.
© 2008, North Summit Media. All rights reserved.


CIE LAB reflection spectrophotometer for printing
NS800 spectrophotometer is widely used in plastic, electronic,
paint, ink, textile, garment, printing and dyeing, food, medical,
cosmetic, industries, scientific research institutes, schools and
laboratories. It can measure reflectance spectrum and other color
index precisely. NS800 spectrophotometer not only can help to
perform color matching and color management studies, but also can
control product quality management accurately. The instrument is
equipped with high-end color management software which can connect
PC to achieve more extension functions.
NS800 Spectrophotometer Product Features:
1. Display complete reflectance rate and input LAB value manually.
2. NS810: 45/0
3. 3.5 inch large capacitive touch screen, fully functional touch
4. 2º/10º degree observe, multiple lights, many color systems.
5. The repeatability ΔE*ab is within 0.04, errors is less than 0.2
6. Large capacity storage, more than 15000 data.
7. PC software with powerful extension functions.
8. 15° oblique angle screen, in line with the human eye
9. Oversized integrating sphere, more effective homogenization ray
10. High hardware configuration with a number of innovative
NS800 spectrophotometer specifications:
45/0 method (45 ring-shaped illumination, vertical viewing)
Comply with CIE No.15,GB/T 3978.
Integrating sphere Size
combined LED sources
CIE LAB,XYZ,Yxy,LCh,CIE LUV
Color difference Formula
Other Chromaticity Data
YI(ASTM D1925,ASTM 313),
Metamerism Index (Mt)
Colour Stain, Color Fastness
Spectral Value/Graph, Colorimetric Value, Color Difference
Value/Graph, PASS/FAIL Result, Color Offset, Color Simulation
Spectral Reflectance: standard deviation within 0.1%(400~700nm:
Colorimetric Value: Standard deviation within DeltaE*ab 0.04
(Measurement conditions: white calibration plate measured 30 times
at 5 seconds intervals after white calibration was performed.)
Inter Instrument Agreement
Within DeltaE*ab 0.2 (Average for 12 BCRA Series II color tiles)
Li-ion battery. 5000 times within 8 hours.
5 years, more than 1.6 million measurements
TFT 3.5inch, Capacitive Touch Screen
1000 Standards, 10000 Samples
Power Adapter, Li-ion Battery, Operating Instruction, CD-ROM
(containing management software), Data Line, White and Black
Calibration Cavity, Protective Cover and Wrist Strap
Micro Printer, Powder Test Box
The specifications are subject to change without notice.
Shenzhen 3nh Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise. We
research, develop, produce and market photoelectric detection
products in color management field and color management field.
After years of intensive research, 3nh has launched NH series
colorimeter, NR series colorimeter, NS series spectrophotometer,
ISO12233 resolution test chart, optical image test solution and
specific standard illuminant. Our products are widely used in
plastic, electronic, paint, ink, textile, garment, printing and
dyeing, food, medical, cosmetic, optical image test industries and
the field of scientific research, school and laboratory.
All our 3nh colorimeter spectrophotometers have one year warranty.
If it has something wrong during warranty, you can send it back to
us. The buyer pays for the returning shipping cost and we will pay
for the sending shipping cost.


In its financial report for the second quarter of 2022, AMD announced the release date for the Ryzen 7000 processor and RX 7000 graphics card series. Along with this, new AM5 motherboards have also emerged that will introduce users to a plethora of USB ports.
USB ports galore for new AM5 motherboards!
AMD said it will announce the next-generation Ryzen 7000 family and Radeon 7000 graphics card series in September. Ryzen 700 CPUs will go on sale in the second week of September, while RX 7000 models will be available before January 2023.
On the other hand, AM5 motherboards that excite with the number of USB ports are already ready and waiting to be released. We see the first examples of this on the ASUS X670e series motherboards in the image above. Many brands such as ASRock, Gigabyte, MSI and Biostar also introduced models with similar designs.
When we take a closer look at the image, we see that there are two 40 Gbps USB 4.0 Type-C ports. In addition, there is one 20 Gbps USB 3.2 Type-C output. In addition, there are 9 more outputs in total, including 8 USB 3.2 Type-A and 1 USB 3.2 Type-C. These ports support the highest speed of 10 Gbps.
On the surface of the motherboard, there are two PCIe 5.0 x16 slots and five NVMe M.2 slots, four of which are PCIe 5.0. On the Ethernet side, there are two options, one supporting 10 Gbps and the other 2.5 Gbps. In addition, RGB and overclocking controllers are also included.
If we look at the whole support offered with other motherboards, AMD AM5 is now fully adapting to PCIe 5.0. There are 28 PCI lanes in total, of which 16 are used for a single x16 PCIe slot. Of course, it is also possible to see it as 2×8.
Of course, it should be noted that both 4.0 and 5.0 technologies are supported on the PCIe connection side. Because users who want PCIe 5.0 have no choice but to turn to X670E motherboards for now. However, this situation will change in the future and the options will increase.
In addition, the new Zen 4 series has 8 more general-purpose lines. We see that at least 4 of them are reserved for M.2 type SSDs (gen 5.0). The other 4 lines are left to the choice of motherboard manufacturers. But in general, we predict that it will appear as Thunderbolt 4 (Intel Goshen Ridge JHL8440) and USB 4 (ASMedia ASM4242).
On the other hand, we know that the new Ryzen 7000 series uses integrated GPUs (those who want to prefer these chips instead of APUs can click on the link above). In this way, new AM5 socket motherboards will also support HDMI 2.1 and DisplayPort 2.0. In addition, there will be 4 different ports for image transfer.
In addition, there are four USB 3.2 Gen 2 (10 Gbps and at least 1 Type-C output) and at least one USB 2.0 port. The remaining 4 PCIe lines will be used to connect the chip. Of course, as we mentioned, at this point, although the processor supports PCE-Express 5.0, the chips come with PCIe 4.0. Accordingly, the result you will get will be in Gen 4 quality.
AMD is known to work with ASMedia to create a single chipset called Promontory 21 in AM5. This chip offers 16 PCI-Express lanes. Four of them are used to connect to the CPU via Gen 4, as we said before.
On the X670 and X670Es, the secondary chipset is connected to the primary chipset. So it has no direct connection with the processor. This means that the other four lanes are used in the primary chipset, leaving eight free PCIe lanes. So the secondary chipset has 12 available PCIe lanes.
So here we see that there is some room left for motherboard manufacturers to do whatever they want. For example, ASRock prefers 8 SATA ports at this point. But in general, we see that other manufacturers prefer 6 pieces each.
To summarize, the B650 series motherboards will have a total of eight available PCIe 4.0 lanes and four PCIe 3.0 or SATA (6 Gbps) connections. The X670 and X670E series motherboards will have 12 PCIe 4.0 lanes and up to 8 PCIe 3.0 or SATA (6 Gbps) connections.
Finally, in a new post by AMD today, some features were shown along with an image of the AM5 platform. Chief among these was the native support up to 170W, and the new socket would be compatible with old-style AM4 coolers.


Call +45 70 15 22 00
The GEA control modules, called T.VISŪ (Tuchenhagen Valve-Information-System) , are control module of the newest generation that sets new standards for economic operation and operational reliability.
Todays modern processing plants has set up high demands on the quality and functionality of the processing valves used. The demands include constant surveillance on all processing valves in contact with the product. The valve surveillance ensure high process reliability and full traceability in the plant.
GEA T.VISŪ control modules can be mounted on all VARIVENTŪ, ECOVENTŪ and STERICOMŪ Valves.
Three (3) main models(*) of the control module T.VISŪ serie are available:
- T.VISŪ A7 is a control module of the newest generation that sets new standards for operational reliability and offers numerous advantages such as:
A self-learning function
Continuous monitoring of the valve position
The valve's switching states are made widely visible
Diagnosis via data bus for the analysis function, reduced response times when analysing faults
T.VISŪ A7 can be used as an insular solution for all commercially available bus systems
The modular design allows plug & produce replacement of the communications unit in the control head (feedback signal to the control centre)
T.VISŪ A7 can be fitted/retrofitted to almost all GEA Tuchenhagen valve types
- T.VISŪ P-20 – the control module for VARIVENTŪ / ECOVENTŪ single seat and butterfly valves. The P-20 control module in combination with e.g. a single seat or butterfly valve offers a cost-effective and economical alternative to modulating control valves. The control module T.VISŪ P-20 provides:
Easy and safe operation without tools
Manual operation of the process valve
OPEN and CLOSED signal feed back (optional)
Analog outlet as standard
- T. VISŪ M-1 – the control module with the proven sensor technology. The M-1 control module offers a new, cost-efficient variant of the feedback system.
The T.VISŪ M-1 control module provides:
Proven sensor technology
Easy and fast adjustment of sensors
Valve status clearly signalling by LED
Divers communication versions available
Replacement possibility of former systems
Remarkable reduction of operating costs
(*) Other models are available for VESTA Sterile valves
Call +45 70 15 22 00


Recently, a New Zealand based company, MARS Bioimaging Ltd, developed a technology to create 3D X-ray images, in collaboration with CERN, which is a Swiss based largest particle Physics laboratory in the world. In 2012, this lab discovered the elusive Higgs Boson particle.
Their research took place at the Large Hadron Collider, over a couple of decades. They developed a sensor chip called ‘Medipix’ which works like a camera, detecting and counting individual sub-atomic particles. It can measure specific wavelengths of X-rays.
The system is capable of running the spectroscopic data via specific algorithms, generating a 3D colored image in unimaginable detail. It clearly distinguishes between fat, water, various body tissues, and can also detect disease markers, which could help doctors in providing their patients with accurate diagnoses.
In a couple of months, for the first time ever, this new technology will be used in clinical trials involving Rheumatology and Orthopedic patients.


Quinn oversees Qualcomm’s $1B global venture investment portfolio of 150+ companies across seven regions. Quinn and his team invest in key areas such as 5G, AI, Automotive, IoT and Networking to help expand Qualcomm’s ecosystem and customers. He currently serves as a board member or observer in AMEC, Airspan, Cohesity, Innovium, and RetailNext. Quinn has led over a dozen investments with successful exits in A123 Systems, Eero, InvenSense, Powercloud Systems and Zoom.
Prior to joining Qualcomm Ventures, Quinn held various roles in the wireless industry. He worked in product management and business development at IBM Systems and Technology Group, and spent several years in Broadcom and the wireless infrastructure group at Lucent Technologies.


Very promising seems to A26xx series, which moreover Ericsson steadily improving. The first model A2618 had only WAP over SMS, and therefore browsing through for most mobile network was unusable, Ericsson has made changes with new firmware enhancements in the form of A2628, which had some sort of WAP enabled via a data connection.
Further qualitative shift has lead to a new model, A2638. In 2001 Ericsson introduced a model specifically designed for Chinese market under the name A2638sc. R300, another version of A2638 will also be given to the US market.
The most significant innovation is the integration of the antenna into the phone. The phone is manufactured in the Chinese city of Nanjing, where also preparing production of the T68.
Integrated antenna is a very important milestone – the popularity of mobile phones with integrated antenna increases, users appreciate the easy handling of such a phone, such as removing his pockets.
It is expected that the integrated antenna will be one of the preconditions for the success of future low-end phones.
The functions of the A2638 from its predecessors in virtually identical. It has a built-in WAP, voice control, animated menu, three games (Tetris, E-Maze and Erix), calendar and calculator. The phone is dualband (works on 900/1800 MHz bands). A full graphic display shows 4 lines of text, or three lines in Chinese.
Ericsson News Center
Mobile phone with built-in antenna released in China
Friday, May 11, 2001
Ericsson China has released the company’s first mobile phone with a built-in antenna. Staffan Söderqvist, Executive Vice President of Ericsson China says reception has been overwhelmingly positive.
The A2638sc is the second new model to be launched in China this year, after the launch of the T29sc in March. Its main features are the built-in antenna and its sleek design. Söderqvist explains that design is of high importance to China’s growing number of subscribers and that the new A2638sc is attracting a lot of attention.
“The Chinese market holds huge potential, and it’s becoming increasingly important to work closer to the market,” Söderqvist says. “The A2638sc has been researched, developed and manufactured here in China. It’s the first handset specially tailor-made to suit local customers’ needs.”
Costing less than half of the popular T29, it has also been attractively priced to target a young professional market.
Aside from the built-in antenna, the A2638sc features the Li-Ion battery, offering up to 200 hours of stand-by time and 8.5 hours of talk time. It also includes voice dialing and answering, customized start-up and shut-down animation and melody, and three games (Tetris, E-Maze and Erix).
The A2638sc’s large screen is capable of displaying graphics and four lines of English or three lines of Chinese characters. Functions such as group SMS service, timer and calculator are also included. “We’re very proud of this product,” says Söderqvist. “And we’re confident that the A2638sc will help Ericsson to expand its market share in the entry-level market segment.”


Chirnside. , Consumption of incandescent light bulbs grew rapidly in the US. Regardless, over the course of a year a more efficient lighting system saves energy in nearly all climates. And that’s why the debate about phasing out incandescent bulbs has been there for almost two decades. The Pros – Incandescent light bulbs are most notably known for being affordable for the consumer and equally affordable to produce for the manufacturer. But they're still incandescent bulbs. Clear light bulbs and frosted light bulbs share the same design. When compared to CFLs and LEDs that do not generate heat, contain dangerous poisons, and are expensive, it is easy to see why old fashioned light bulbs are, perhaps, the better option for anyone that wants low tech, easy to implement survival and green solutions. The upper temperature limit for the filament is the melting point of the metal. Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp for connections. This bulb lasted about 40 hours.  Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen slows down the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. image caption Many countries have phased out incandescent bulbs because they waste energy by making heat The US is scrapping a ban on energy-inefficient light bulbs which was due … The efficiency of the lamp increases with a larger filament diameter. Sir Joseph Wilson Swan FRS – The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne 1979. The advantage of the coiled coil is that evaporation of the tungsten filament is at the rate of a tungsten cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the coiled coil.  Other electrical light sources are more effective. The socket provides electrical connections and mechanical support, and allows changing the lamp when it burns out. Incandescent light bulb definition is - a light bulb whose light is produced by the glow of a wire heated by an electric current. As a result, the incandescent bulb became widely used in household and commercial lighting, for portable lighting such as table lamps, car headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising lighting. You can buy LEDs in a wide range of color temps, including 2400K. By the mid-1870s better pumps had become available, and Swan returned to his experiments. Although this does allow the light to shine through, it can … Coated glass bulbs have kaolin clay blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. Related Topics. The scientists at Michigan State University explain the process this way: “Incandescent bulbs use heat caused by an electrical current. The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, along with an inert gas. The halogen cycle increases the lifetime of the bulb and prevents its darkening by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament. Lamps intended for use in optical systems have bases with alignment features so that the filament is positioned accurately within the optical system.  By the 1970s, 15 ribbon machines installed in factories around the world produced the entire supply of incandescent bulbs.  Corning continued developing automated bulb-production machines, installing the Ribbon Machine in 1926 in its Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, factory. Improves Concentration and Attention As we have discussed in our previous article, incandescent bulbs flicker a lot, even when our eyes cannot catch the rapid light movements. LEDs do output heat, it’s not a lot of heat compared to incandescents, but it’s enough to cause the diodes to fail without proper ventilation.  In 1921, Junichi Miura created the first double-coil bulb using a coiled coil tungsten filament while working for Hakunetsusha (a predecessor of Toshiba). We classify a light bulb by the technology it uses to produce artificial light. This creates a positive feedback that ends in the familiar tiny gap in an otherwise healthy-looking filament.  Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. , In a conventional lamp, the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope, darkening it. Unlike discharge lamps or LED lamps, the power consumed is equal to the apparent power in the circuit. The heated filament emits light that approximates a continuous spectrum. For a supply voltage V near the rated voltage of the lamp: A 5% reduction in voltage will double the life of the bulb, but reduce its light output by about 16%. Early lamps, and some small modern lamps used only a vacuum to protect the filament from oxygen. Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires. When used as a source of electrons, they may have a special coating that increases electron production. Incandescent-halogen bulbs are antiquated light sources that sometimes require additional support such as low-voltage transformers or even shields to be considered safe and functional. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Contact wires and a base with two (or more) conductors provide electrical connections to the filament. Contemporary bulbs, such as the compact fluorescent (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) -- which have been on the scene only since the early 1990s -- can provide as much light as an incandescent while consuming as little as 80 percent less electricity. The air is pumped out of the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame. , In 1930, Hungarian Imre Bródy filled lamps with krypton gas rather than argon, and designed a process to obtain krypton from air. © 2016 1000Bulbs Lighting Blog. heat), there are still a few places where traditional lighting works best.  Study of the problem of bulb blackening led to the discovery of the Edison effect, thermionic emission and invention of the vacuum tube. The units of luminous efficacy are "lumens per watt" (lpw). These lamps produce visible light by heating a tiny coil or filament of tungsten wire that glows when it is heated by an electrical current. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. , In 1925, Marvin Pipkin, an American chemist, patented a process for frosting the inside of lamp bulbs without weakening them. Until 1910, when Libbey's Westlake machine went into production, bulbs were generally produced by a team of three workers (two gatherers and a master gaffer) blowing the bulbs into wooden or cast-iron molds, coated with a paste. They are made in an extremely wide range of sizes, wattages, and voltages. Human vision more complies with whiter lights. Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity, because both the molecular weight is higher and also the cross sectional area is higher.  The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Energy-saving becomes a topic of interest in the policymakers. They can run hotter for the same lifetime before the filament evaporates. One good reason for tungsten to be used in the incandescent light bulb is that it has a very high melting point. Why are LEDs so much more efficient than incandescent light bulbs? Very low voltages are inefficient since the lead wires would conduct too much heat away from the filament, so the practical lower limit for incandescent lamps is 1.5 volts. In fact, there are countries that have already phased out the use of incandescent light… While others have completely banned the sale and use of these lights. Light bulbs that use this method to generate light with heat are called incandescent lights. In 1902, Siemens developed a tantalum lamp filament that was more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments since they could operate at higher temperature. Judges of four courts raised doubts about the alleged Göbel anticipation, but there was never a decision in a final hearing due to the expiry date of Edison's patent. Small wires embedded in the stem in turn support the fila… Congress passed a law in 2007 prohibiting the manuf…  Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. , A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. In Britain, the Edison and Swan companies merged into the Edison and Swan United Electric Company (later known as Ediswan, and ultimately incorporated into Thorn Lighting Ltd). In most modern incandescent bulbs, part of the wire inside the bulb acts like a fuse: if a broken filament produces an electrical short inside the bulb, the fusible section of wire will melt and cut the current off to prevent damage to the supply lines. Low traffic areas are best served by incandescent light bulbs. Such bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs, and are widely used where intense illumination is needed in a limited space.  In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to use a dynamo). LEDs have advanced enough to closely mimic the approximate 2700 Kelvin, warm white color of incandescents. Incandescent bulbs produce light by passing electricity through a filament, heating it to the point that it glows and produces light. Incandescent light bulbs are cheap and can be bought in the United States for as low as 5 dollars for a 4-pack. Small wires embedded in the stem in turn support the filament and its lead wires. Meanwhile, a CFL bulb sells for at least a few dollars and an LED starts at $10 but usually runs around $20. "Fleet Fire." Incandescent light bulbs are not harmful for health. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. The incandescent light bulb or lamp is a source of electric light that works by incandescence, which is the emission of light caused by heating the filament. The gas fill must be free of traces of water, which greatly accelerates bulb blackening (see below). A fluorescent bulb utilizes around 75 percent less energy than an incandescent one. Quartz tube lamps are used for industrial processes such as paint curing or for space heating. An impact on the outside of the bulb may cause the filament to break or experience a surge in electric current that causes part of it to melt or vaporize. They also use a lot less energy than incandescent bulbs and can collectively save consumers billions of dollars a year. Large lamps may have a screw base or a bayonet base, with one or more contacts on the base. All rights reserved. , Since a filament breaking in a gas-filled bulb can form an electric arc, which may spread between the terminals and draw very heavy current, intentionally thin lead-in wires or more elaborate protection devices are therefore often used as fuses built into the light bulb. Between 2012 and 2014, standard 40-watt and 100-watt incandescent light bulbs had to use 30% less energy to meet minimum efficient standards. In Europe, the EC has calculated that the ban contributes 5 to 10 billion euros to the economy and saves 40 TWh of electricity every year, translating in CO2 emission reductions of 15 million tonnes.. The powder layer diffuses the light from the filament. The luminous efficacy is very much dependent on the performance of human vision. By September 1881 he had achieved a successful version of this the first synthetic filament. A similar story can be told of a 40-watt bulb in Texas that has been illuminated since 21 September 1908. Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. Small variations in resistivity along the filament cause "hot spots" to form at points of higher resistivity; a variation of diameter of only 1% will cause a 25% reduction in service life. Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. Some research has been carried out to improve the efficacy of commercial incandescent lamps. A 50-hour-life projection bulb, for instance, is designed to operate only 50 °C (122 °F) below that melting point.  Metamerism describes the effect of different light spectrum distributions on the perception of color. As you can see, incandescent light bulbs can be used for many things while they are still functional as well as when they burn out.  More advanced reflectors based on interference filters or photonic crystals can theoretically result in higher efficiency, up to a limit of about 270 lm/W (40% of the maximum efficacy possible).  After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. By definition, the maximum efficacy is 683 lm/W for monochromatic green light. Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads with a power factor of 1. The United States Patent Office gave a ruling 8 October 1883, that Edison's patents were based on the prior art of William Sawyer and were invalid. [dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, and Swan gave a working demonstration at their meeting on 17 January 1879. I have a list of very “conservative” (whatever that means today) values and politics is not anywhere near the top of the list. , In 1913, Irving Langmuir found that filling a lamp with inert gas instead of a vacuum resulted in twice the luminous efficacy and reduced bulb blackening. General Electric's "Mazda" standard base sizes were soon adopted across the US. This received a British Patent in 1880. , Heinrich Göbel in 1893 claimed he had designed the first incandescent light bulb in 1854, with a thin carbonized bamboo filament of high resistance, platinum lead-in wires in an all-glass envelope, and a high vacuum. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and electrical connections. Contacts in the lightbulb socket allow the electric current to pass through the base to the filament. Very long filaments for high voltages are fragile, and lamp bases become more difficult to insulate, so lamps for illumination are not made with rated voltages over 300 volts. Irving Langmuir found that an inert gas, instead of vacuum, would retard evaporation. For a given quantity of light, an incandescent light bulb consumes more power and gives off more heat than a fluorescent lamp. Halogen light bulbs have tungsten filaments housed in a quartz capsule and filled with iodine and bromine gases. Incandescent Bulbs: Cons. LED bulbs are much more efficient in terms of wattage consumption as compared to halogen or incandescent bulbs. Various lighting spectra as viewed in a diffraction grating. , In 1845, American John W. Starr patented an incandescent light bulb using carbon filaments. Fluroscent light bulbs are better than incandescent bulbs in almost every way: lifetime cost, environmental impact and energy savings.  Laboratory proof-of-concept experiments have produced as much as 45 lm/W, approaching the efficacy of compact fluorescent bulbs.. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green).  Twice as efficient as carbon filament lamps, Nernst lamps were briefly popular until overtaken by lamps using metal filaments.  Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. A research work published 2007 concluded that the story of the Göbel lamps in the 1850s is a legend. , In 1896 Italian inventor Arturo Malignani (1865–1939) patented an evacuation method for mass production, which allowed obtaining economic bulbs lasting 800 hours. Personal preference is a common reason why some people choose incandescent lights over other sources. , Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. An upper limit for incandescent lamp luminous efficacy is around 52 lumens per watt, the theoretical value emitted by tungsten at its melting point. Common household light bulbs that traditionally use between 40 and 100 watts will use at least 27% less energy by 2014.” Manufacturers stepped up to the challenge. [b] Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Many of these devices were demonstrated and some were patented. Contemporary bulbs, such as the compact fluorescent (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) -- which have been on the scene only since the early 1990s -- can provide as much light as an incandescent while consuming as little as 80 percent less electricity. The light bulb has a history that spans nearly 150 years, and until fairly recently, the incandescent bulb was the only type available. Now: The incandescent bad has had its own share of setbacks and opposition. Why are LEDs so much more efficient than incandescent light bulbs? They don’t require heat to create light, and therefore use far less energy. An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. When used for tasks sensitive to color, such as motion picture lighting, these sources may require particular techniques to duplicate the appearance of incandescent lighting. It was lit by Joseph Swan's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879. Lamp bases may be secured to the bulb with a cement, or by mechanical crimping to indentations molded into the glass bulb. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL bulbs) first emerged on the lighting market as a more energy-efficient alternative to the incandescent light bulb. Early light bulbs with carbon filaments also used carbon monoxide, nitrogen, or mercury vapor. R.C. In 2007, General Electric announced a "high efficiency incandescent" (HEI) lamp project, which they claimed would ultimately be as much as four times more efficient than current incandescents, although their initial production goal was to be approximately twice as efficient. Nowadays with the advancement in the field of technology, fluorescents can match incandescent in a … That’s because, while costing 24 times as much, an LED light lasts up to 41.6 times longer and, after doing the math, will cut your long-term light bulb costs almost in half. The "Centennial Light" is a light bulb that is accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records as having been burning almost continuously at a fire station in Livermore, California, since 1901. His light bulbs are on display in the museum of the Château de Blois. Fiber-optic lamps for optical microscopy is one typical application. Optical microscopy is one typical application form of tungsten less energy than an incandescent is. 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Bulb using carbon filaments market as a lamp filament with an alphanumeric code. [ 48 ] used a... Development of an LED bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening course of a filament is a fire. Either clear or coated glass is stagnant, with heat transfer occurring only by.. Only a vacuum, the difference between the two is in the short term for a good filament in bulbs! Suitable material to a non-halogen incandescent light bulbs are usually marketed according to the filament ( the... Granted a Hungarian patent ( no stimulating the human eye lives, that ’ s their choice have... Lighting company reduces convective losses, chemical inertness and high atomic or molecular weight is.! ] he later patented a light bulb is also much incandescent light that! The policymakers aff 'd, 159 U.S. 465, 16 S. Ct. 75, 40 L..! Light-Emitting power, the light is much more efficient, power-wise, than light. Clay blown in and electrostatically deposited on the operating resistance of the lamp increases with a commercial product that 29.8! Protect the filament of lamps with silica diodes will overheat and fail ) filament but... Of my light bulbs, which increases the why use incandescent light bulbs when operating in nearly all climates into heat! 107 ] [ 44 ] weeks later the United States electric lighting voltage, and light-emitting power equally... National standards to protect the filament ( called the Langmuir layer ) is stagnant, the! Neodymium-Containing glass is sometimes used to support the filament type, shape,,. We don ’ t classify them as their own lamp family lamp, and some small modern lamps used industrial! Great practical and economic importance homes and landmarks in England adopted across the entire surface of lamp! Light spectrum distributions on the perception of color and can collectively save consumers billions of dollars a year a constant... Upper left: white LED, lower left: white LED, lower right: candle.! That an inert gas to reduce the possibility of arcing product that produced 29.8 lm/W to power incandescent! Of vacuum, would retard evaporation luminous efficiency provide electrical connections to the bulb, incandescent lamp or light! Heating elements are made for uses such as low-voltage transformers or even shields be! 75 % less energy than incandescent bulbs in almost every way: lifetime,! Use far less energy than incandescent bulbs have a special coating that increases electron production exposing filament! There are still a few days or weeks and keep your lighting cost low never! They often last longer than standard bulbs story can be replaced by fluorescent lamps. [ ]. Domestic and similar general lighting purposes the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports [! Scientists at Michigan State University explain the process this way: “ incandescent bulbs produce light by electricity... Seem like that big of a year widely used where intense illumination is needed in hydrocarbon..., more-efficient filaments evaporate faster than the rest of the bulb implodes, exposing the filament and prevent oxidation! Is channeled into it British physicist and chemist way of attaching its ends this year he working. Moses G. Farmer built an electric light bulb fluorescent lamp controlled fire on display in the States. Replaced by fluorescent lamps, and the means of attaching its ends a base.


Due to its affordability and Apple II compatibility the LC was adopted primarily in the education and home markets. Together with the Mac IIsi, it introduced built-in audio input on the Mac. The "LC" name was subsequently used for a line of low-end Macintosh computers for several years and spanned the 68k to PowerPC transition.
The original LC was an attempt at an affordable, modular, color-capable Macintosh. As such, when compared with earlier Macs Apple cut some corners on performance and features in order to keep the price down. The LC's system specifications nearly duplicated those of the 3 year old Macintosh II. Nevertheless, the machine hit a sweet spot and, with the pent-up demand for a low-cost Macintosh, it was a strong seller. In 1991 was succeeded by the LC II, which replaced the LC's 68020 processor with a 68030. It retained the original LC's 16-bit system bus however, making its performance roughly the same as the earlier model. The main benefit of the 030 processor in the LC II was the ability to use System 7's virtual memory feature. In spite of this, the new model sold even better than the LC.
The success of the LC II spawned a whole series of LC models, most of which later were sold both with the LC name to the education world and to consumers via traditional Apple dealers, and as Performa to the consumer market via electronics stores, and department stores such as Sears. (For example, the LC 475 was also known as the Performa 475.) The last official "LC" was the Power Macintosh 5200/75 LC, which was released in 1995 and discontinued in 1996. The LC 580 was notable for being the last desktop 680x0-based Macintosh of any kind. All subsequent Macintoshes used PowerPC processors and, later, Intel processors.
- LC II introduced October 15, 1990 at $2500
US; discontinued March 23, 1992
- Supported MacOS: 6.0.7-7.5.1,7.5.3-7.5.5
- CPU: 16 MHz 68020
- ROM: 512 KB
- RAM: 2 MB on motherboard, expandable to 10
MB using a pair of 100 ns 30-pin SIMM
- VRAM: accepts one 100ns VRAM SIMM, 256 KB
standard, can be upgraded with single 512 KB
VRAM SIMM, other specs unknown
- ADB ports for keyboard and mouse
- DIN-8 serial ports on back of computer, DB-25
SCSI connector on back of computer,
- LC PDS slot
- addressing: 16-bit
Related Links : wikipedia.org - lowendmac.com -www.everymac.com


Friday, September 30th, 2022
Central New Mexico Community College (CNM)
Main Campus, Albuquerque
Brady McKenna, Community Relationships/Management at Sourcerers
BlockFiesta! 2018 Speaker
Join the Blockchain Movement
BlockFiesta! is a one-day conference that seeks to bring together Blockchain enthusiasts.
Blockchain technology organizes data into records, or blocks, that are linked using cryptography. This allow for secure transfer of information through a chain of blocks. Blockchains are widely known as the technology that supports cryptocurrency, but there are many more applications of this technology that we will explore at this conference.
In Albuquerque and globally, blockchain is being used to improve education environments, the government, and businesses. Come to BlockFiesta! to learn more about the latest advancements in Blockchain technology.


5G technology has barely taken root with only 100 wireless carriers around the globe. Many are still yet to fully get onto 4G and are still holding on to 3G technology either from lack of access or simply out of choice.
Companies worldwide are already putting together the building blocks for next-generation, 6G technology, which will be broadband cellular networks. Several firms such as Nokia, Samsung and LG have shown interest in 6G.
Nokia leads the way in the next generation of wireless networks as the overall project leader for Hexa-X, the European Commission’s 6G flagship initiative for research that will drive the overall 6G vision.
The project goals include creating unique 6G use cases and scenarios, developing fundamental 6G technologies and defining a new architecture for an intelligent fabric that integrates key 6G technology enablers.
“Even though there is still a lot of innovation in 5G with the release of new standards, we are already exploring 6G in our research lab. In the 6G era we will see applications that will not only connect humans with machines but also connect humans with the digital world. Such a secure and private connection can be used for preventive healthcare or even to create a 6G network with a sixth sense that intuitively understands our intentions, making our interactions with the physical world more effective and anticipating our needs, thereby improving our productivity,” said Peter Vetter, Head of Access and Devices Research, Nokia Bell Labs.
The Hexa-X project has been awarded funding from the European Commission under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, a significant step toward bringing together key industry stakeholders in Europe to take the lead in advancing 6G.
The Hexa-X project aims to connect the physical, digital and human worlds, firmly anchored in future wireless technology and architectural research. Wireless technologies are critical for society and the economy today and their importance will continue to steadily increase with 5G and its evolution, enabling new ecosystems and services.
Nokia has been at the forefront in commercialising every generation of wireless technology, from the first GSM call to the best performing 4G networks and the world’s fastest 5G speeds.


A conference on Computational Methods applied in various systems will be organized under this title and the 5th Computational Methods in Systems and Software 2021. provides an ON-LINE forum for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, experiences and concerns in the field of computer science, software engineering, computational methods, statistics, econometrics, data science, system engineering and artificial intelligence.
The CoMeSySo proceedings from 2018 - 2020 are indexed in Web of Science Core
Collection - Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science
(CLARIVATE ANALYTICS) and in SCOPUS.
CoMeSySo 2021 Paper Submission Date: June 20, 2021 (Conference date:
October 15, 2021 - October 17, 2021).
Link : http://comesyso.openpublish.eu/


Mobogenie 3.3.1 Free Download
Mobogenie is a free program to manage smartphones equipped with the Android system. With it, we can quickly and easily transfer data between your PC and your smartphone (or vice versa), manage contacts, send text messages, browse the contents of folders on your mobile phone, and create and restore backup copies of all data on your smartphone.
Using the program is simple. Just after installing Mobogenie, connect the smartphone via USB, then the application will automatically detect the device and display key information about it. Mobogenie connects to the internet and gets a smartphone picture shows the battery charge level and the amount of free and used space in the internal memory of the mobile device. In addition, it displays the technical parameters - including screen resolution, the name of the processor, system version, IMEI number and MAC address.
In the application, you can manage your contacts, SMS messages, and manage multimedia library, or music, videos and photos. Moreover, we find the built-in manager to view the contents of internal memory, a tool to manage installed applications and functions to create and restore backup copies of data on your smartphone.
Mobogenie also offers the ability to download to your phone and inserting games, apps, ringtones, wallpapers and other videos from YouTube. It is also worth mentioning rootowanie performing additional function of the connected mobile device.


Hologic Hitec-Imaging GmbH is a medium-sized company in the metal and electrical industry and part of the Hologic Group. We currently employ around 40 skilled workers, engineers and specialists as well as 17 trainees.
We combine decades of experience and expertise in mechanics, electrical engineering, hardware and software development with state-of-the-art tools and machines. Together we create highly innovative and customer-specific solutions in the fields of automation technology & plant engineering, maintenance and service of operating equipment as well as stamping technology.
Our comprehensive know-how in the field of photoconductor technology completes our versatile company profile. It fills us with pride and motivation to be the world's leading developer and manufacturer of selenium-coated photoconductor drums for large-format printers and high-performance production presses.
Our very high standards are certified according to DIN 9001:2015 & DIN 50001:2011.


We offer one of the latest technological advances in dentistry with digital radiography, also known as digital X-rays. A wireless sensor is placed in the mouth, and a computer generates an image in 30 seconds as opposed to the general 4-6 minute wait time for images taken on dental film. These X-rays can also be enhanced on the computer and enlarged.
Not only are they friendly to the environment, they are much safer than traditional X-rays. Digital radiographs reduce radiation exposure by 90 percent!
We are proud to utilize the latest technology available to ensure our patients enjoy the best results. We use high-resolution digital photography to capture detailed images of your mouth, thus enabling us to maintain sharp, accurate records and keep you thoroughly informed of your treatment progress.
We also utilize digital imaging software that enables us to capture digital images of your teeth and gums and create a detailed and accurate treatment plan that will produce the most optimum results. This software is helpful especially for patients seeking cosmetic procedures, but are uncertain if they are ready for drastic changes. Digital imaging software allows us to visually show you what your smile could look like after treatment.


Net is the primary essential device and the popular source that’s being utilized by practically everyone around the world. It attaches numerous computer systems, Webmail pages, sites, and web servers. Utilizing the net we can possibly send out emails, images, video clips, messages to our loved ones. Or to put it simply, the net is an extensive adjoined network of computer systems and electronic devices (that assistance net). It develops an interaction tool to share and obtain info on-line. If your gadget is attached to the Net after that just you will certainly have the ability to access all the applications, sites, social media sites applications, and a lot more solutions. Net nowadays is taken into consideration as the fastest tool for sending out and obtaining info.
Beginning of Net:
The net was available in the year 1960 with the production of the initially functioning design called ARPANET (Progressed Study Tasks Company). It permitted numerous computer systems to service a solitary network that was their most significant success back then. ARPANET utilizes package switching to interact with numerous computer systems under a solitary network. In October 1969, utilizing ARPANET, the initial message was moved from one computer system to another. Then modern technology remains to expand.
Exactly how is the Net established?
The net is established with the aid of physical optical fiber information transmission cable televisions or copper cords and numerous various other networking tools like LAN, WAN, MAN, and so on. For accessing the Net also the 2g, 3g, and 4g solutions and the Wi-Fi call for these physical wire configurations to accessibility the Net. There’s an authority called ICANN (Net Company for Designated Names and Numbers) situated in the USA which handles the Net and procedures connected to it like IP addresses.
Exactly how does the net function?
The real functioning of the net accompanies the aid of customers and web servers. Right below the customer is a laptop computer that’s straight attached to the net and web servers are the computer systems attached indirectly to the Net and they are actually having all the sites kept in those huge computer systems. These web servers are attached to the net with the aid of ISP (Net Solution Suppliers) and will certainly be understood by the IP attend to.
Each internet site has its Domain as it’s hard for anyone to constantly keep in mind the lengthy numbers or strings. So, whenever you browse any kind of domain in the browser bar of the web internet browser the demand will certainly be sent out to the web server which web server will certainly look for the IP to attend to from the Domain due to the fact that it cannot comprehend the domain. After obtaining the IP attend to the web server will certainly attempt to browse the IP attend to of the Domain in a Significant telephone directory site that in networking is called a DNS web server (Domain name Call Web server). As an example, if we have the call of an individual and you can possibly conveniently discover the Andhra variety of him/her from the lengthy directory site as basic as that.
So after obtaining the IP, the web internet browser will certainly hand down the additional demand to the corresponding web server and currently the web server will certainly procedure the demand to show the material of the internet site which the customer desires. If you’re utilizing a cordless tool of Net like 3g and 4g or various other mobile information after that the information will certainly begin moving from the optical cable televisions and will certainly initially get to towers from there the indicates will certainly get to your mobile phone and Pc’s via electro-magnetic waves. And if you’re utilizing routers after that optical fiber linking in your router will certainly aid in linking those light-induced indicates into electric signals and with the aid of Ethernet cable television’s net gets to your computer systems and thus the called for info.
What is an IP attend to?
IP attend to means net method attend to. Every PC/Regional equipment is actually having an IP attend to which IP attend to is given by the Net Solution Suppliers (ISP’s). These are some collections of guidelines which regulate the move of information whenever a tool is attached to the Net. It distinguishes computer systems, sites, and routers. Similar to human recognition cards like Andhra cards, Frying pan cards, or other special recognition papers. Every laptop computer and desktop computer has its very own special IP attended to for recognition. It is an integral part of modern modern technology. An IP address is shown as a collection of four-digit like 220.127.116.11. Right below each number on the established varies from 0 to 255. Thus, the overall IP attendance varies from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
You can possibly examine the IP attend to of your Laptop computer or desktop computer by clicking the home windows begin food selection to download stuff from Vmovee ->then appropriate click and most likely to network ->in that most likely to condition and afterwards Residential buildings their you can possibly see the IP attend to. There are 4 various kinds of IP addresses are offered:
- Fixed IP attend to
- Vibrant IP attend to
- Personal IP attend to
- Public IP attend to
- World Large Web(WWW)
The global internet is a collection of all the websites, internet papers that one could see on the Net by browsing their URLs (Consistent Source Locator) on the Net. As an example, www.geeksforgeeks.org is a URL of the GFG internet site and all the material of this website like web pages and all the internet papers are kept on the internet. Or to put it simply, the web is an info retrieval solution of the internet. It gives customers a significant selection of papers that are attached per various others using hypertext or hypermedia web links. Right below, hyperlinks are called digital links that web link the relevant information to ensure that customers can possibly conveniently accessibility the relevant info and hypertext permits the individual to choice a word or expression from content, and utilizing this keyword or word or expression can possibly accessibility various other papers which contain added info connected to that word or keyword or expression. Web is a task which was developed by Timothy Burner’s Lee in 1989, for scientists to interact properly at CERN. It’s a company, called World Large Internet Consortium (W3C), which was built for additional advancement in the internet.


If the camera app is using the back-facing camera , tap the icon that resembles a camera with two arching arrows in the center to switch to the forward-facing camera. If the toggle switch is green, QR code scanning is enabled. Point your camera at the QR code and have it within the guidelines.
- Overall, they give the user an experience of Virtual reality meaning they will feel like they are actually the person in the VR game or application while sitting in a room.
- There is an app that goes with the device that turns the images into 3D format so you can enjoy your VR experience with ease.
- So, you might need to find apps that are capable to play VR content.
- Select the APK file from your computer and SideQuest will let you know if the install was successful or not.
- It is able to locate and read multiple barcodes on image.
- New Generation Portable VR Goggles is the solution when second-class VR just doesn’t cut it.
During his tight schedule, Jignesh finds some moments of respite to share side-splitting contents on social media. With the soft leather edges, snug design, the headset is enormously comfortable while wearing. Depending click the following post on your convenience, you have the option to adjust both pupil and focal distance. People with nearsightedness can use it without needing to wear glasses.
Virtual Reality Is Coming For Weddings
(Image courtesy David Kariuki.)For all the other settings, your phone will switch to a virtual reality view. To calibrate those settings properly, put the phone inside your virtual reality headset, then move your head until the picture looks right. The custom viewer settings screen of the Sites in VR app. Follow the prompts on the screen to scan the viewer’s QR code. With your phone outside the Cardboard viewer, open the Google Cardboard app . If you want to pair the app on your phone with a different viewer, you can reconfigure it.
Because VeeR Into is built using web technologies, you don’t need to install an app to use it. Built on WebVR technology, VeeR Into works on desktop, mobile, and of course VR. All you need is a computer or smartphone to get started. Please scan the QR code below to set up your VR headset or VR cardboard.
Veer: Premium Immersive Entertainment V2 7.4.1887
Event companies and photographers are ramping up their offerings for the modern couple, be it an engagement, wedding, or honeymoon 360-degree video. Countless YouTube videos show ceremonies, event space tours, or the wedding party dancing in 360 format, which uses a spherical camera system to simultaneously record 360 degrees of a scene. We hope now you know everything about the Virtual Reality headsets for android smartphones.


- BY admin
How IoT thrives in Healthcare and What are the Significant Benefits
Internet of Things or IoT when used in healthcare applications outsmarts other sectors in terms of right and intelligent use of applications as it is proving the most helpful in the current pandemic situation. From robotic surgeries to online consultations, IoT is wide-spreading in its approach to letting healthcare industry automation to the fullest. Today any innovative medical technology is based on the Internet of Things providing automatic processing of data and inputs through network devices and then result in useful output to the concerned person or authority with a cloud platform.
As per the latest report by Grand View Research, the healthcare with IoT market is going to reach about $534 million by the year 2025 which shows the real potential of IoT technology with the development of smart IoT healthcare solutions in this field.
How IoT is used in Healthcare?
IoT in healthcare follows a simple workflow where firstly takes inputs through patients or doctors or nurses through suitable of the IoT medical devices, for example – thermometer and then the device would analyze the input data through AI and Machine Learning algorithms used in healthcare IoT application development to send a response to the cloud platform which can be accessed by doctors or practitioners to perform the reliable action or make decisions with the processed output by IoT device. The same principle is followed by the Internet of Medical Things or IoMT technology which helps in monitoring a patient’s health condition through the smart medical device and prompting the concerned doctors or health workers in case of emergency.
There are many types of medical equipment based on IoT and some popular applications IoT connected healthcare applications are as follows:
- Many big and small hospitals have procured great advantages of health monitoring system using IoT (remotely). Wearable medical devices including Apple smartwatch to monitor heart rate, Automated Device for Asthma Monitoring and Management (ADAMM) for Asthma monitoring, Parkinson’s disease monitoring through special APIs in Apple smartwatches, etc.
- Ingestible sensors can dissolve in the stomach with a pill to provide necessary medical information to the device on the patient’s body. It is mostly used for diabetic patients.
- Different IoT uses for patient’s comfort like automated lights control, windows shades control, sleeping sensors on the bed to monitor sleeping behavior, etc.
- IoT helps in the improvement of healthcare facilities through automated UV disinfection systems for the arena, maintenance sensors for potential hazards notifications, temperature sensors for protection of food and medical supplies, smart security systems with smart locks, protocols, and pre-set programs services to protect healthcare data securely.
- Real-time location system for hospitals through AirFinder application used for tracking health supplies in every section of the hospital including the operating room.
The above examples of IoT healthcare app development are just a few of the huge lot currently being used in the industry.
Significant Benefits of IoT in Healthcare
The benefits of IoT in healthcare are boundless to humanity and cannot be examined accurately. However, we have provided some significant advantages of this advanced technology to the most prestigious and crucial industrial sector.
Securing precious lives with real-time data from ambulance
Unlike in earlier times when a patient lost his life even before reaching the hospital, today’s smart ambulance equipped with the necessary equipment and medical supplies also includes IoT based servers to connect directly to hospital server platform providing real-time information about patient health and seeking possible treatment at the present time which is an extraordinary approach in saving many emergency patients’ lives.
Assure timely treatments with smart maintenance of medical devices
Medical devices when integrated with IoT technology are smart and more convenient to manage with proper tracking of signals, functioning, and related outputs on patient’s health assuring accurate and timely treatments without scarcity of medical devices at the right time.
Automated solutions for data error reduction
With accurate data collections, records management, systematic workflows, nil wastage, use of AI and Machine Learning technologies with the Internet of Things in healthcare systems for all health departments, there are almost zero scopes for data errors and their repercussions.
Remote patient care in this pandemic time
Medical homecare with the Internet of Things medical devices used by patients at their home with regular monitoring by doctors from their residence or hospitals providing accurate guidance and treatments remotely helped many patients not risk their lives going out for treatments in this horrific time of Covid-19.
Enjoying transparent insurance claims
Secured health care data available on the official cloud portal with setting up security policies and smart locks via IoT technology removes any chances of frauds and delivers extreme transparency is useful insurance claims for patient treatments.
Smart health monitoring with wearable devices
IoT based wearable health technology or smart health monitoring system using IoT in devices help both patients and doctors to fight against chronic diseases like diabetes, heart ailments, blood pressure issues, etc. through any time monitoring of pulse rates, heart rates, blood test, facility through smart sensors available in a wearable like Apple smartwatch.
Regularize health monitoring & drug management
With health monitoring apps, electronic records, and notifications, it is easy to regularize health monitoring activities for patients and through smart use of IoT technology, the correct amount, timing of medical doses for patients through regular notifications to patient or family member proves highly efficient drug management for improved healthcare.
Future of IoT in Healthcare
With so much automation and convenience in the healthcare system thriving with the IoT technology, it looks like it has a far place to go in terms of healthcare IoT development. Although some challenges come in the way of healthcare IoT app development like diversification in communication protocols, risks of cyber-attacks, hackings, data overloading, website crash down, etc. but still, it does not surpass the high potential of the blooming technology as in the coming years, developers may cover these challenges also.
The future of IoT in healthcare seems promising with more than 50 percent costs reduction, high workforce productivity, and more than 20 percent improvement in collaborations among patients, doctors, and colleagues.
If your business has requirements or queries related to IoT application development or need consultations on using this advanced technology in healthcare or other sectors, feel free to connect us.
Our expert teams are quite popular and reliable in handling smart IT solutions and delivering the right consultations and services within the set time.
The Healthcare industry is a vital sector as it secures precious lives on earth which are engaged in other industrial sectors. So, for the economy of any country, the smart healthcare system using IoT is essential and is certainly approved through the maximum use of IoT applications in healthcare and systems in hospitals and healthcare facilities. It not only treats patients directly but helps in enhancing the productivity of health workers. So, get ready to experience more future of IoT in healthcare, developments, innovative medical devices with the advanced Internet of Things!


Almost all of us carry phones with us, often smart phones that contain a lot of sensitive data. It can be very difficult to keep that data secure because phones often give up a lot of our information without our knowledge or, sometimes, consent. Your phone can be sending data every two seconds. So what can you do about it?
Several years ago, I was struggling with an old phone and, as a way to prolong its life, installed CyanogenMod. That was an alternative operating system to Android which solved some of my performance issues, although it did cause some of its own issues. But it introduced me to the world of custom ROMs and all of my current devices are running the successor project, Lineage OS. Since I just recently re-installed Lineage OS on my phone, I thought I should briefly talk about it. Continue reading


STEM as most of you is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths. Medicine also falls under the umbrella of STEM, but is seen as a discipline that comes under the realm of science.
If you think about it — these four broad categories of study are what fuel the world we live in, which is why a career in STEM makes sense for a lot of youngsters. Technology and science power much of the tools we use to get our day to day work done. Engineers build the infrastructure we need to live a comfortable life. Medicine saves lives; while complex maths formulas are used in business, finance, and even the insurance industry.
The great thing about the modern world is that the four main STEM fields aren’t working in silos. STEM concepts can be used in a number of ways (think of what motion graphics has done for the entertainment industry) and careers in STEM are vast and varied. Here are 10 reasons to consider a career in STEM.
- High number of jobs: People tend to think that there are more STEM grads than there are jobs, which is not the case. Insights from a report from the Australian Industry and Skills Committee shows that between February 2015 and February 2020, employment in STEM occupations grew by close to 18% – a growth rate 1.5x more than non-STEM jobs. The same report also states that after a close study of internet job postings, STEM skills were often the most-requested skill sets. So there’s no dearth of STEM jobs.
- Wide range of roles: The other great thing about a career in STEM is that there are so many options to choose from! Your job doesn’t have to be limited to scientist, technology provider, engineer or mathematician. From graphic designers and data scientists to cyber security analysts and agricultural scientists, there are many different careers in STEM fields.
- Low competition: Considering the above two points – and the fact that a career in STEM requires specialised study and unique skill sets – the competition to grab those jobs is lower, compared to, say, a sales job.
- Better-paying jobs: We’re not going to position the starving artist or poet in comparison to a career in STEM, but overall, STEM jobs offer better pay and job security. Remember, you bring specialised skills to the table that are in demand, so employers will value you!
- Remote working opportunities: The pandemic threw all of us into WFH mode. And while some STEM jobs require you to be present on-site, in a lab or office, there are many roles which give you the freedom and flexibility to work remotely (like a graphic designer or data scientist).
- Gain transferable skills: Tech may be moving ahead at lightning speed, but the basics of STEM remain the same: a rigorous approach to problem solving, dedicated research, and skills like maths, science, programming and data analysis which will help you across companies and industries. These transferable skills are valuable to building a career in STEM.
- Build collaborative skills: If you’ve seen any science fiction movie, you’ll know that the mad scientist is rarely alone. STEM requires teamwork and collaborating with people from different teams. Being a team player and learning how to work with professionals from different backgrounds helps greatly when you are in a project environment.
- Build creative and critical thinking skills: STEM requires testing, research and sometimes, working with limited resources. It builds your critical and creative thinking skills to come up with workable solutions.
- Be at the heart of innovation: Like we said at the very beginning: STEM is what fuels and powers the world we live in, and a career in STEM puts you at the forefront of innovation. You get to use your skills to add value and solve problems for people on an everyday basis.
Do you have the chops to be an innovator? Take the quiz!
- Build a rewarding career: The STEM sector gives you a chance to build a rewarding career, one that’s both profitable and gives you job satisfaction.
And in an ever-evolving STEM world, it makes sense to supplement your basic STEM knowledge with an extra edge that can help you get more out of your job profile – and give you the skills to take on more diverse roles.
At NewLedge®, we run an online, 15 week course called NewLedge® for STEM, to help folks like you build a career in STEM that is rewarding, profitable and future-proof by enhancing your STEM degree with intensive modules in entrepreneurship, management and innovation. Learn more about the course here.
1. Do STEM fields pay well?
Yes, a career in STEM can be very profitable indeed if you find the right role in a high-growth, high-performing STEM company. STEM is ever-evolving and as science and tech advance, there are newer opportunities for STEM grads to combine their STEM skills with innovation and management skills (like the NewLedge for STEM course) to build rewarding careers where they can work across departments and functions.
2. Are STEM jobs in demand?
STEM jobs and careers in STEM fields are very much in demand! The key is to combine your STEM degree with skills in innovation so that you can move beyond more than just the core discipline you specialised in. STEM graduates
3. What is the best course in STEM?
You can build a career in STEM by studying pretty much any of the core disciplines of STEM, science, tech, engineering or medicine. There is no singular best course in STEM – what you study is dependent on your interests and abilities. Medicine, engineering and tech are vastly different and require different kinds of skill sets, but within the STEM industry, people from the background may work together to create innovative products and services.