GitHub is home to over 40 million developers working together to host and review code, manage projects, and build software together. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again.
If nothing happens, download the GitHub extension for Visual Studio and try again. Added TDR python script from this article just save a s1p file and the python script will kick off :. Build a cable length calculator, determine Velocity Factor by using the lenght of cable as input parameter. This repo was originally created by Roger Clark credits to him for his reverse engineering skills.
Skip to content. Dismiss Join GitHub today GitHub is home to over 40 million developers working together to host and review code, manage projects, and build software together. Sign up. C Inno Setup Other. Branch: master. Find file. Sign in Sign up. Go back. Launching Xcode If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again.
Some PC Software for NanoVNA
This branch is 7 commits ahead of rogerclarkmelbourne:master. Pull request Compare. Latest commit. Psynosaur Pew. Latest commit f Aug 23, Rewrite software interface Build resources for forms Important. You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window.There was a time when oscilloscopes were big and expensive. Now you can get scopes of various sizes and capabilities on nearly any budget.
Spoiler alert: he likes it. The device uses a rechargeable battery if you need to haul it up to an antenna tower, for example. Just as a quick test, you can see early in the video the analysis of a rubber duck antenna.
The device shows return loss as a plot and you can use a cursor to precisely measure the values. It also shows a Smith chart of the reactance. You need software from Google Drive and you can also get the manuals from there. In addition, there are additional firmware files available so you can reflash the instrument.
For example, you can limit the top frequency to MHz or select a larger font. According to the manual, the instrument has better performance under MHz. There is also provisions for calibrating the device in the field. This is so depressing. Beautiful toy…. Im in the same boat! It comes without any case if you add your own case plastic is better and you need a computer to display your charts and graphics.
Same chips and connections though. Not a sensitive spectrum analyzer; could use a gain block between the mixer and log-det. If you want it for network analyzer, antenna sweeper, get the BG antenna bridge and calibration plugs, detailed in top links. More links there. It outputs a square wave instead of a sine wave and output above MHz seems to be broken. And in the first video, he reviews it without knowing this.
Some of the low-end VNAs from more renowned brands like Keysight also outputs squarewave. As long as you are not measuring a broadband active device the result is as good as with a sine wave. You can use a band-pass filter to measure something active, but the calibration is non-trivial.
Things are always depending… for somebody working on Very Low Freq the 50khz is too low. The fancy name masks their function, really a display, a generator and a receiver.
But i integrated, it makes it much easier. At one point I created an excel spreadsheet that would calculate component values for different matching networks and interfaced with AutoCAD in which I had created a replica of the Smith chart.
It would plot the s-parameters and impedances over frequency of whatever network components the spreadsheet calculated. Smith chart from the family of Dr. Smith who still controlled it.
Please follow this link for the latest release page. I am going to customise this display, and I do this by clicking on Display Setup and by changing the Sweep Color.
We click on calibration, and then we set our segments to 10 to have more points, after which we click sweep. Once the sweep completes with our Short in place, we click the "short" button in the calibration screen. Then after the OSL calibration is complete, we can click apply and then if we'd want we can save the calibration for later loading. This is a sweep of the bandstop filter in place with a new calibration made for the new range in the latest firmware.
Here is the through sweep with extended range. So for me being a radio amateur and loving building things, it's nice having a device that can quantify specific theoretical parameters.
It is lovely to see the application grow with every iteration and Rune is definitely on the fast track to making. I'll get to measuring some antennas on the next Part, for now, if you'd be interested here. This device is, by far been the most interesting one.
So I contemplated writing a similar python application for this device. It was Python, and it worked on first load and omg It's opensource! It is written by Rune B. In the following blog post will go through some vigorous screenshotting and brief texting to explain my process, please bear with me as I run through its use cases, some of which I will cover in the next article as my understanding on the matter deepens.
The steps that follow are: Setup basic application Calibrating the device Measuring some filters 2. This should yield the most satisfying results from this little USB serial device.
Firstly let's download the application: Please follow this link for the latest release page. Once opened, we have a screen that looks like this. Here we are presented with a beautiful presentation of our data. That's a little better Firstly, we need to calibrate. We follow this process for each step Short, Open, Load, Through and Isolation of the calibration process.
We then close our calibration screen. Filter 1 First up a 2. We sweep from 50KHz - 30MHz with ten segments for some excellent resolution data points I've also added three markers to peak at values, to match the first markers in the chart below. Markers points can be highlighted by selecting the appropriate radio box in the markers section. Here is the Open sweep with extended range Here is the Short sweep with extended range Here is the Load sweep with extended range Here is the through sweep with extended range Perhaps the device would need a hardware upgrade shortly?
Just for science, how would it look with 10k points? I am also still learning a bunch, so much so that I decided to contribute to the GitHub project. It is lovely to see the application grow with every iteration and Rune is definitely on the fast track to making one of the most top-notch VNA applications for this device.
I'll get to measuring some antennas on the next Part, for now, if you'd be interested here are some build instructions for the firmware in Ubuntu Comments September 26, Nice writeup, im just getting started with this.So your use of the above website is a great tool to check these issues.
Yes, that has happened to others. Being trusted always creates a liability. And the closed source nature heavily increases the amount of trust required. If you do, what did you use - another compiler? Who compiled that one? How can you trust your compiler - or its compiler - or its assembler if you can't see back to point zero? Did you inspect the firmware that was already installed in the NanoVNA? Did you verify that it only provides a serial interface, and that it does not have a hidden HID interface that can inject keystrokes so fast, you'd never notice?
I do computer security and if you're going to be paranoid and not trust just about everything 'out there' you won't get anything done. How about all the Hams that have created closed source software for the great test equipment they've come up with?
Your statement "Being trusted always creates a liability. Mike toggle quoted message Show quoted text Original Message From: nanovna-users groups. Tried it on 2 pcs, and both using different security programs flagged it as a potential ransomware program.
Can anyone provide a site from which the files are clean?
I'm assuming that this is the only software that is available? It's a nice site for research - they publish their test methods as well. In any case, this is becoming noise in this forum - back to the NANO!!!
NanoVNA Is A $50 Vector Network Analyzer
Anyone look at my housing design? Actually, you should do that if you aren't paranoid. And if you think somebody else should have released the fruits of their efforts as open source, then perhaps your best path forward is to spend a few months creating an open source replacement for it. That said, I'm truly grateful that the firmware on the nanoVNA itself is open source.
Gives us an excellent platform for developing it further. Kudos to edy and Hugen. My NanoVNA is stuck in customs at the moment. I teach information security of which computer security is a part. Paranoia is a medical condition that is often confused by medical laymen with the mental state someone gets into who starts to understand information security.
It is their prerogative to do so. What we have learned in the field of computer science is that open source software leads to standing on the shoulders of giants, closed source software leads to others standing on your feet. Besides, if you want to, it turns out it is easier these days to monetize the visibility you get from a good open source project than to turn a closed source software project into money.
miniVNA Software Download
Not sure you understood it. In daily personal interactions, trust may seem like a good thing for the trusted person.Our VNA software can be installed on as many computers as needed, allowing multiple users to share the same measurement module, while storing measurement data on each individual PC.
CMT analyzers include one of the five software applications:. Compatible with 1-Port VNAs. Release Notes. Download Documentation.#371 NANOVNA communication via USB COM port and terminal window
Epsilometer Files. Latest Windows Release Version Latest Linux Release Version Compatible with PXIe-S For assistance with software downloads, click here to contact us. R Software Documentation. TR Software Documentation. S2 Software Documentation. S4 Software Documentation. Submit diagnostic screenshots to support. Epsilometer Information Sheet. With plug-ins, customers and CMT support engineers can develop extensions to the base software launched from inside the main application menu.
This plug-in is available as a Trial limited to testing three parts per work order session. Our network analyzers and calibration kits can be calibrated by any ISOaccredited and Z compliant calibration lab worldwide. Software releases are provided periodically throughout the year, incorporating bug fixes and feature enhancements, and always at no charge.
Affordable portable and bench scopes--DIY kits available! Spectrum and network analyzers to fit every budget! Be the first to review this product. Fantastic value! SKU: Sign up for price alert. Orders usually shipped in 1 business day! Read more Free shipping, always.
Any order, anywhere. NanoVNA bundle is an open-hardware vector network analyzer designed by ttrftech GitHub which will allow you to test most of your RF equipment with ease. A portion of all proceeds of this bundle is paid to the ttrftech team to continue and further NanoVNA development. NanoVNA includes a 2. SWR, phase and smith chart capability.
Measurement capability of at least 50kHzMHz--and beyond with appropriate custom firmware note that specifications may be lower outside of the intended frequencies of operation.
Frequency accuracy is 0. USB cable is included. Please, log in or register. Search: Search. Nooelec Webstore. Welcome to Nooelec! No Checkout Surprises. SDR Receivers Hot! Oscilloscopes Affordable portable and bench scopes--DIY kits available! Add to Wishlist Add to Compare.This is developed by Rune Broberg and is fully open source. If you want to participate in conversations with Rune, He is active on the groups.
The software is written is compatible with Windows, Linux and Mac, but I will only show Windows in this guide. For Windows you can download the pre-compiled. Once downloaded you can copy the executable to a suitable location on your computer.
In m case I just dropped it onto the desktop. When you first run the application Windows will ask if you trust it. Dead easy!! If your NanoVNA was connected to your computer via USB before opening the software, the serial port control, may already be populated with the correct serial port number.
If not, or if you have multiple serial ports you may need to find the com port number manually. You can fire up Device Manager to see a list of installed com ports. NanoVNA Saver. Enter the correct com port name into this box. Most of this is fairly self explanatory. The frequency units are Hz, which is a bit of a pain when typing large numbers. So for 50KHz you can type 50e3, for MHz you can type e6. This will be at the expense of sweep time, but gets around one of the biggest drawbacks of the standard NanoVNA.
This will bring up the calibration window. The basic calibration routine is similar to that outlined in part 1 of this blog series. The only difference is that you need to click sweep on the mainscreen before pressing each Open, Short, Load, Through and Isolation buttons.
Once all standards have been used, click apply to activate this calibration. You can also click save to store the cal for later use. It is possible to use non-ideal standards here, so if you do happen to have an expensive cal kit that is provided with all this data, then fill your boots and add this in to get more accurate results.
My calibration. With Load connected to port 1. For this, I am only interested in S11 measurements for the time being, but it would be nice to show SWR also.


Build your own headphone in nearly endless combinations
How print+ works
A fun and easy way to make your own 3D printed headphone
Get 3D files + instructions from www.print.plus
3D print parts (yourself) locally or order through www.print.plus
Follow the instructions to assemble your headphone
Enjoy your self-made print+ headphone
Print+ DIY headphone kits come with speakers, remote control, cables, cushions and headband. All that needs to be added are 3D printed plastic parts.
Two 40mm speaker drivers offer a great listening experience. Pushbutton style connectors connect the left and right speakers using a thin cable that is guided through the frame. The protective cover ensures the speakers aren't damaged during assembly.
Answer a phone-call. Skip a song. Make a voice recording. Ask your voice assistant a question. All is possible with the single button remote with microphone that comes with every DIY headphone kit. Remote is universal and works with iPhone and Android devices.
Each print+ DIY headphone kit includes a custom manufactured audio cable & remote cable. Both cables are made from TPU material and feature male-male 4 pole 3.5mm audio jacks. Audio cable length is 124cm. Remote cable length is 17cm and connects the inline remote with the headphone. Audio cables are available in 21 colors.
A soft foam headband ensures the headphone is comfortable to wear. Headbands are available in 21 colors + black leather.
A pair of soft cushions ensure the headphone is comfortable to wear. Cushions are available in 21 colors + black leather.
Designed to be printed by desktop 3D printers
Print+ DIY headphones have been designed with FDM type desktop printers in mind. The parts are easy to print and need only the minimum amount of support.
Create your style
With components in 20+ colors, the availability of different 3D designs and a large number of 3D print materials it has never been easier to build a custom headphone.


Sonography is a medical field in which ultrasound devices are used.
Sonography - sometimes called ultrasonography - is the practice of using high-frequency waves to produce an image for medical analysis. These high frequency waves are called ultrasound waves. Ultrasound waves are a useful method to produce a needed medical image without the use of radiation. You might be most familiar with sonography's role in the field of obstetrics to produce an ultrasound image of an unborn baby.
Sonography is also used to analyze tissues and organs of the body, such as the heart, eyes and abdomen.


Get the cheapest Official PS4 Wireless Charging Mat price on PS4 by comparing prices across our tracked retailers. Prices in the below tables are updated daily.
Official PS4 Wireless Charging Mat
Official PS4 Wireless Charging Mat Description
Stay one step ahead of your foes by keeping your wireless controllers charged and ready for gaming action. You can charge it using the PlayStation 4 USB cable, but this officially licensed charging mat for PS4 offers a simple, elegant and super cool solution. Simply plug it into a mains socket, affix the adaptor, and then simply lay the controllers on the sleek and very low profile mat to begin charging! The future is here.
Charges 2 x Dualshock 4 controllers simultaneously. Stores PS4 Games and Blu-Ray movies.
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2 x Dualshock 4 Adaptors
PS4 Charging Mat - Set Up and Use
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AUTOMATED OUTDOOR PHENOTYPING
The FIELD SCANALYZER is a fully automated system designed to capture deep phenotyping data from crops and other plants growing in field environments. A rigid motorised gantry supports a weatherproof measuring platform that incorporates a wide range of cameras, sensors and illumination systems. The FIELD SCANALYZER delivers highly detailed information to monitor growth and physiology continuously, throughout the lifetime of plants.
Request more information and quotation here.
Platforms with corresponding functions and mode of operation can be installed indoor, too.
All sensors are mounted in a separate weather-proof cabinet which is moved over the field by the supporting gantry. The maximum total payload of the sensor bay is 500 kg which allows for additional sensors if required.
The sensor bay contains a range of cameras together with dedicated illumination devices. It also contains equipment for sensing environmental data.
Visible light imaging delivers photographs that can be processed for dimensions, morphology, and colour of the samples. They are widely used to monitor growth, development, or environmental responses of plants and canopies.
Infrared imaging delivers images representing the heat emission from the sample surface. Such images can serve to measure canopy temperatures and can be related to transpirational processes.
Hyperspectral imaging, also known as imaging spectrometry, is widely used in remote sensing. The FIELD SCANALYZER is able to image at close range (2.2 m above the canopy) and with high repeatability. Hyperspectral cameras produce a stack of images (hyperspectral data cube), where each image represents a narrow wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
PS2 Fluorescence analysis addresses status and functions of the chlorophylls that are main components of the light harvesting complexes. The system emits an intense LED flash for 1 second during which 25 images are recorded. From these images variable fluorescence (Fv) can be compared to the saturation level of fluorescence (Fm) and used to assess quantum yield of the PS2 photochemistry.
Laser Scanners are able to scan the plant canopy with very high cubicle resolution using an NIR Laser (840 nm) to ensure high reflectance by plant tissue and minimal physiologic interaction (eg chlorophyll excitation). Below is an example of coarse synthetic point cloud for field data, visualized with white points using shading for a better characterization. A height map can be extracted by encoding the height with colour.
As phenotypes strongly depend on environmental influences, particularly when plants grow in a field, environmental sensors are important to deliver data on factors such as temperature or light. These environmental data are stored together with the camera measurements.
WHEAT EARS SEGMENTATION
This process may be used to propose the development stage of the wheat by analysing the size of the ears.
Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria; Sabermanesh, Kasra; Virlet, Nicolas; Hawkesford, Malcolm J. (2017)
Automated Method to Determine Two Critical Growth Stages of Wheat: Heading and Flowering. In: Front. Plant Sci. (Frontiers in Plant Science), S. 252. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00252. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00252/full
Nicolas Virlet, Kasra Sabermanesh, Pouria Sadeghi-Tehran and Malcolm J. Hawkesford (2016)
Field Scanalyzer: An automated robotic field phenotyping platform for detailed crop monitoring. In: CSIRO Publishing. http://www.publish.csiro.au/fp/FP16163


Fascinating study published in Science that used an experimental paradigm and fMRI to investigate the neural networks underlying the control and suppression of memory retrieval in survivors of the 2015 Paris terrorist attacks, some of whom developed PTSD and some who did not. The findings implicate certain brain regions (nice infographic available) and suggest that intrusions are related to maladaptive control of the memory. The authors discuss the implications for development of PTSD and potential avenues for treatment. Well worth listening to the podcast (in right column of webpage) which starts at 12.27 minutes.
More information available here
Photo by Daniel Hjalmarsson on Unsplash


The main project's objective is to investigate and show the coastal landscape and biodiversity changes appeared due to glacial recession under current climate warmnig in the study area especially since 2005 (our previous expedtition to southeastern Spitsbergen). These changes lead to a quick transformation of the Sørkapp Land peninsula into an island due to declining the glacial isthmus between Sørkapp Land and the rest of Spitsbergen. This declining is just in course. The isthmus is being narrowed on average 270 m per year. Two isthmus' glaciers are just melting and will melt, given the current thermic conditions, by 2030-2035 or earlier. Disappearance of this huge ice mass will transform the landscape and ecosystem dramatically.
Hence, it is necessary to carry out the following field investigations there:
– topographical-landscape mapping (1:25.000) of the study area spatial diversity and changes in its environment and landscape
– identification of plant and animal species, and their spatial distribution
– meteorological observations
– analysis of the isthmus' dynamics on the basis of the fields results, maps, satellite images, close-range photogrammetry, GPS measurements, etc.
Apart from the isthmus, the adjacent southeastern Spitsbergen coast will be investigated in the same way.
Elaboration of the aforementioned field investigations, connected with analysis of satellite images and air photos, will lead to final project results, including the prognosis of the origin of a new strait and island, and environmental consequences of this transformation.


"Smart" electric meters, commonly known as smart meters, are becoming more and more common. As towns grow in population and utility companies look for ways to reduce their costs and increase their efficiency, many municipalities are embracing the so-called “smart grid”.
A smart meter serves the same purpose as the electric meter you’ve always had attached to your house. It tracks your home’s electricity usage so that you can be billed for it. The difference lies in the meter’s method of communication. Remember when the meter reader used to come around to your house and write down the numbers each month? A smart meter does away with the need for meter readers entirely (and the fleet of vehicles they drive, and the insurance and maintenance and fuel for all those vehicles), and instead transmits your usage numbers to the utility company via radio frequency micro-waves.
Is Smart Meter Radiation Harmful?
Utility companies maintain that since smart electric meters are not transmitting information all the time, the radiation they produce is not a significant risk. That the occasional surges of signal required to send usage updates to the utility company result in such a low overall radiation average that it is not worrisome.
Unfortunately, that is not the full story. Smart meter problems are more complex and taking a simple average to evaluate exposure and its subsequent risks is a gross oversimplification of the issue.
Even setting aside concerns about the overall security of the smart grid and the personal surveillance issues of continual data collection, pulsed smart meter radiation brings with it a unique set of problems. Studies done by the military as far back as the 1990s have clearly shown that pulsed radiation can cause definite health problems from tachycardia to modification of the human genome.
Smart Meter Problems
What are some of the health problems smart meters cause? The list of potential health effects is extensive:
- Disrupted sleep patterns, inability to sleep
- Ringing in the ears, tinnitus
- Stress, agitation, anxiety, irritability
- Headaches, sharp pain or pressure in the head
- Concentration, memory or learning problems
- Fatigue, muscle or physical weakness
- Disorientation, dizziness, or balance problems
- Eye problems, including eye pain, pressure in the eyes,
- Cardiac symptoms, heart palpitations, heart arrhythmias, chest pain
- Leg cramps, or neuropathy
- Arthritis, body pain, sharp, stabbing pains
- Nausea, flu-like symptoms
- Sinus problems, nose bleeds
- Respiratory problems, cough, asthma
- Skin rashes, facial flushing
- Urinary problems
- Endocrine disorders, thyroid problems, diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Hyperactivity or changes in children’s behavior
- Recurrence of cancer
How to Reduce Smart Meter RF Radiation
To the industries running the power grid, these health risks aren’t a problem. But to the individuals living right next to a smart meter, the question of how to block smart meter transmission of radiation becomes crucial. A smart meter cover is a simple stainless steel mesh cage that slips over the glass dome of the meter and blocks about 98% of the RF EMF it emits. It not only lowers the continual output, but it controls the pulsed spikes that can be dangerous to health—all while still allowing the utility company to get the readings they need to track power consumption.
This simple, DIY EMF shielding device is easy to install and instantly effective. And when you move, just take it with you to install on your next smart meter. Peace of mind actually is this easy.


By Maurice Pinzon
In 2020, after many cities imposed lock downs due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies told employees they could work from home. Tech workers were probably the most prepared and comfortable working away from the office. Whether it was video meetings or remote computer work, these workers were already highly mobile, interconnected, and comfortable packing laptops, mobile phones, and other tech devices on the go.
But what could replace the social interactions these workers typically have at conferences, social events, and other encounters where ideas were exchanged? Well, just as mRNA scientific advances were primed for the development of new vaccines during this global pandemic, audio applications were also ready to address social isolation. Many tech workers quickly hopped on social audio apps such as Clubhouse to address that need. New higher quality audio technology led to a rediscovery of what humans had been doing since meeting around a campfire – engaging in conversations. The apps minimized distractions as people were able to depend solely on the voice, instead of relying on video and text. They realized that they can exchange plenty of information with authenticity. It’s the next best thing to personal interaction. Other tech companies soon jumped on the trend. Twitter and Spotify recently launched Spaces and Greenroom, respectively. It’s unclear if these audio apps are a temporary patch to the pandemic or if they will replace some tech conferences and other social interactions in the future.
One exciting place on the Clubhouse app where interesting discussions took place is called Tech+AI+ where techies came together. That’s where I first heard Andrew Eugene Choi, one of the main contributors to the group, speak.
Choi is a Silicon Valley software engineer who currently works for Microsoft. He’s an expert in data structures and distributed systems running on cloud platforms. He also designs the technological infrastructure that runs complex networked computer systems. Think of these systems as the piping, buildings, highways, and telephones of a digitized, interconnected, automated, instant-demand information society. You may have noticed these things impacting your life during the pandemic. It seems just about everything we used to do in person quickly migrated to an online platform. Choi recognizes the importance that vast technological and societal impact these technologies will have on our everyday lives. Specifically, Choi is increasingly focused and passionate about Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). He understands the even more significant impact of technology when AI and ML are combined with IoT (Internet of Things). Choi sees the industrial internet of things (IIoT), is well underway. Industrial companies use sensors, instruments, devices interconnected and networked to computer applications to solve various problems. Choi said, “I think this year, the intersection of these two technologies, IoT and AI, has brought a lot of these amazing changes to the automation industry.”
Anton Alexander, a senior Machine Learning engineer at BlueRidge.AI, also met Choi on Clubhouse. During a telephone interview, Alexander, who works precisely in this area of deploying AI/ML technology to solve industrial problems, shared his view of Choi’s knowledge and expertise. He stated, “Andrew is like a cowboy with two guns and never misses.”
Alexander explained, “Andrew is very quick to extrapolate data out of conversation and be able to respond in a meaningful way. And I think that’s one of the most insightful things and beneficial things that people gain from his presence.”
Another moderator in the Tech+AI club, Sahir Ali, who also works in AI/ML, reflected on Andrew as he called him a powerhouse of knowledge.” Ali said he was “constantly amazed at the breadth and depth of his technical knowledge and experiences he regularly shares.”
Didem Gürdür Broo is a computer scientist and mechatronics engineer based in Europe who occasionally participates in the discussions. When I asked her about Choi, she said, “I have been in [Clubhouse] rooms with Andrew, and I think he is a very engaging person and deeply cares of communicating the right information to the audience.” She added, “He likes to explain technical concepts in detail, and I think it helps many to follow conversations easier.”
But AI/ML use will not be confined to just business and industrial applications. Choi says AI will eventually be in our homes. He said, “In the future, I believe that smart devices, like smart home devices, including smart plugs, Google nest, etc., are gonna forecast and really serve the needs for human beings.” Smart plugs allow people to use their smartphones to control their home devices.
Choi believes these smart devices will eventually get a sort of smart coordinator of services with AI. Human needs will be recognized much more efficiently as we move from just smart devices to smart homes. Choi said the deployment of AI will be able to “forecast and really serve the needs for human beings.” That’s because right now “home devices only work on demand. But if we pair that, if we collaborate that with AI, I believe that these smart devices can automatically forecast and predict a lot of human needs and start a process without human intervention.”
Asked if consumers would be using these devices soon, Choi stated, “I think it’s already happening. IoT is all about sensor components that are paired up into computers and machines and that provides the freedom of large amounts of data via the Internet. So, in all of these Internet of Things services and platforms, they’ll have to follow these stages called create, communicate, aggregate, analyze and act. So, I believe the stage of action depends on a lot of these analyses, ultimate analyses. The precise value of IoT is determined at this analysis step. I think this is where technological knowledge plays a very crucial role. I believe IoT, home devices, smart devices are already being absorbed into society.”
Furthermore, Choi shared that Google has released IoT devices and he foresees large other companies also offering fully managing IoT services. He reflected on the benefits as he said, “The benefit that you get from this is that you can boost up and accelerate business agility, with IoT data from the physical devices. Whether these IoT assets are indoors or in remote areas, or spread across cities, I believe that IoT will visualize the location in real-time where they travel or how often they moved.”
Clearly, Choi has vast technical knowledge. And when he speaks, he doesn’t adorn his words but gives you information straight. His peers also respect him in the technology field. But technology companies are full of experts that may not have broad considerations about privacy and other social impacts of the technology they create. These concerns are important if Choi is right and AI will be used to run not only in industry but in our homes seamlessly and efficiently. Choi acknowledges there are essential security considerations if we have AI coordinating services of devices inside homes. But Choi thinks tech companies will not squander the full potential of IoT by not addressing these issues.
However, big tech’s record on privacy and transparency has not been flawless. There will be privacy and consumer groups and government agencies that may need to pay careful attention. For now, people appear to be on their own as they bring these new technologies into their homes.
Choi believes it is up to the consumers to ensure that their connectivity and IoT wellness is secure. More importantly, he stated that it is up to the manufacturers, the creators, and companies, which are responsible for producing these devices, to set up clear guidelines for consumers to ensure that their privacy is secure.
He further demonstrated the responsibility that the manufacturers, creators, and companies hold as he shared that it is up to them to ensure that they configure IoT devices correctly. He stated, “And, you know, one hurdle is that many organizations, which use IoT might not be asking the right questions to fight related risks, right. Do they have a plan to assess devices, inter-connectivity vulnerabilities across the business ecosystem?” Choi believes that prioritizing risks should be on the top of the companies lists during IoT adoption. He stated, “I think that these corporates that are thinking about privacy and security have to come up with a plan holistically from product conceptualizations, roll outs, deployments and updates. C suites and executives have to consider all perspectives from interoperability to data governance policies, to training employees to have very consistent standards.”
The smartphones we carry in our pockets have more computing power than the computer that helped NASA astronauts go to the moon. As a result, we no longer have to search for a working payphone, use a paper map, look for an unoccupied cab, stress about ordering out, and much more. If Choi is correct, that smartphone convenience may soon seamlessly control our homes. However, apps on our iPhone also created many unintended consequences, some good and some disruptive. That’s a lot of power in the hands of tech companies and significant responsibility for the new master architects of our digital lives.
Andrew Eugene Choi email contact: email@example.com


Training Factory Industry 4.0 in 24v with SIEMENS PLC S7-1500 (EDU)
Version for educational institutions
The following topics can be covered with fischertechnik Training Factory Industry 4.0:),
(• Training and simulation on realistic production images),
(• Deepening learning through haptic understanding),
(• Optical and sensory applications),
(• Digital traceability with NFC / RFID),
(• Customer specific production in batch size 1),
(• Integrated cloud connection, smart device management),
(• Use and operation of dashboards),
(• Remote monitoring via the
(• Linking production and disposal data),
(• Connecting upstream / downstream logistics processes),
(• The high-bay warehouse operates according to the FIFO industry standard),
(• Sample program as structured text (ST) for Siemens PLC S7-1500 is already included, it is also possible to create a custom program by the end user),
(Version for educational institutions (schools, colleges) with a special discount on Siemens PLC S7-1500 installed on the model
Training Factory Industry 4.0 in 24v with PLC Connection Board
The following topics can be addressed with fischertechnik Training Factory Industry 4.0:),
(• Training and simulation on a realistic production image),
(• Deepening learning through haptic comprehension),
(• Optical and sensory applications),
(• Digital traceability with NFC/RFID),
(• Customer-specific production in batch size 1),
(• Integrated cloud connection, control via smart devices),
Use and operation of dashboards),
(• Web-based remote monitoring),
(• Linking of production and disposition data),
(• Connection of upstream/downstream logistics processes),
(• High-bay warehouse operates according to FIFO industry standard),
(• Sample program as structured text (ST) for Siemens PLC S7-1500 already included, custom program creation by end-user is also possible
Simulation Factory 24v
Combination of the models Sorting Line With Color Detection, Multi Processing Station With Oven, Automated High-Bay Warehouse and Vacuum Gripper Robot. Self-contained material cycle: workpieces are retrieved from
the Automated High-Bay Warehouse, processed in the Multi Processing Station With Oven, then sorted by color in the Sorting Line With Color Detection and finally stored in the Automated High-Bay Warehouse again.
Sorting Line with Color Detection 24v
Detects workpieces of different colors and sorts them via a conveyor belt into the provided storage unit. Incl. 2x mini motors, 5x phototransistors, 5x lens tip lamps, 3x solenoid valves, compressor, optical color sensor. Model packed in a robust box.
Multi Working Station with Oven 24v
Furnace with pneumatic sliding door. Downstream processing station with pneumatic transfer unit including vacuum gripper, cutter with rotary table and conveyor belt.
Incl. 4x mini motors, 6x push buttons (limit switch), 2x phototransistors, 2x lens tip lamps, 4x solenoid valves, compressor. Model packed in a robust box.
Automated High Bay Warehouse 24v
Transfer station with conveyor belt, shelf stacker for storing and retrieving special workpiece carriers, 9 storage slots. Incl. 2x encoder motors, 2x mini motors,
4x push buttons (limit switch), 2x phototransistors, 2x lens tip lamps, workpiece carriers, various colored workpieces (6 pcs.). Model packed in a robust box.
Vacuum Gripper Robot 24v
3-axis robot with vacuum gripper works quickly and precisely, positioning workpieces in three-dimensional space. Working range: x-axis 270°, y-axis (forwards/back) 140
mm, z-axis (up/down) 120 mm. Incl. 3x encoder motors, 3x push buttons (limit switch), vacuum suction device, compressor, solenoid valve. Model packed in a robust box.
Product description: 3-axis robot with gripping device Degrees of freedom: Shaft 1: Rotation 180° Shaft 2: Forward/back 90 mm Shaft 3: Up/down 150 mm Scope of Delivery 4 DC motors, including 2 with integrated magnetic encoder (Max. pulse frequency: 1 kHz) 4 Limit switches, 2 pulse sensors for path measurement 8 Digital inputs 8 Outputs, 9V –.../24V
–... (4 Motors clockwise/counterclockwise rotation, 24V version incl. relay board for motor polarity reversal) Large model: approx. 390x200x30 mm (LxWxH). Model mounted on stable wooden board. Interface. Screw terminals (on 24V version only) Model can be ideally combined with conveyor belt, punch press and intermittent assembly line.
Conveyor Belt 24V DC
Product description: Conveyor Belt with 275 mm length, transports workpieces with a diameter with 275 mm length, transports workpieces with a diameter of up to 29 mm. Several conveyor belts can be connected to each other to form a conveyor belt of any length. Scope of Delivery • 1 DC motor, 1 sensing device (potential-free), choice as pulse counter, can be used for distance traveled or as an activation
button; 2 light barriers consisting of phototransistor and lens tip bulb, which can be connected together to an output for the control or directly to the power supply. 1 workpiece diameter 29 mm, h = 25 mm. • Model is mounted on fischertechnik base plate. • Dimensions: about 275 x 210 x 70 mm (LxWxH) • 3 digital inputs • 1 output, 9 V –.../24 V –... (1 motor for drive for conveyor belt)
Punching Machine with Conveyor Belt 24V
Product description: Conveyor belt with two light barriers, one machining station with two light barriers, one machining station and one workpiece Scope of Delivery • 2 DC motors, 2 limit switches (potential free), 2 light barriers consisting of phototransistor and lens tip bulb • Model is mounted on fischertechnik
base plate. • Dimensions: about 280x215x185 mm (LxWxH) • 4 digital inputs • 4 outputs, 9 V –.../24 V –... (2 motors counter-clockwise, clockwise rotation) • Ribbon cable, 14-pin and color coded with 14-pin pin connector, only for 24V • Model can be ideally combined with 3-D Robot


Groen-Eco installs, manages, and operates charging stations. Reliable, hassle-free and meeting your requirements. You benefit from the facilities without having to invest and you don’t have to worry about a thing, Groen-Eco takes care of everything from start to finish! You receive a compensation per kWh based on the cost of your electricity connection.
Based on data collected during preliminary research, determination of the number of modules and estimation of future needs.
Enter into an operating agreement stating that, under conditions to be agreed upon, we will install charging stations.
Install, manage, maintain, and operate charging stations.
You only invest in the installation costs. This means, among other things, that you make sure that the power cables are hung or laid in the right places with sufficient length. Of course, we will advise you on this. The electricity consumption of the charging stations will be advanced by you, but you will receive a compensation based on the amount you pay per kWh to your energy supplier. The conditions we agree on are laid down in a 10-year operating agreement. If desired, Groen-Eco can also contribute to the installation costs.
Groen-Eco handles everything from installation to billing the agreed compensation fee.
10-year operating agreement with compensation fee.
After installation, Groen-Eco ensures that your charging stations continue to operate properly.
At Groen-Eco, you can choose an in-ground charging station and/or a wall-mounted charging station. Our charging stations are suitable for all electric and plug-in hybrid cars. They are made of high-quality material and feature the latest technology in electric charging. They are also vandal-proof and very suitable for placement in public areas.
With a charging station from Groen-Eco you choose top quality. Our charging stations have a beautiful design and are also easy to use. You can even choose to provide the charging stations with your own company branding. They have the latest technology making them future-proof. Thanks to Smart Charging* Technology, they have a lower load on the electricity network, allowing you to place multiple charging modules at your premises.
* smart charging takes into account the total load on the property’s electricity system.
Groen-Eco has the so-called AC (alternating current) charging station or a DC (direct current) fast charger in its product range. With a DC fast charger, it is possible – as the name expresses – to charge the car even faster. We offer these quick chargers in a 40 kW to a 120 kW variant.
Number of charging points per charging station: 2
Max. charging capacity: 22kW AC per socket
Required connection meter cupboard: 2×63 amps
Network connection: 4G or Ethernet
DC and ground fault protection
Current imbalance prevention
Dynamic Load Management
In many cases, no heavier grid connection required.


It’s no surprise that crypto is a fast moving industry. Many have an eye on Sophon, created with up-to-the-moment AI technology. Sophon is a chip for crypto mining. What is especially unique about this is that Bitmain’s co-founder Micree Zhan was inspired to create it, while reading a popular Chinese sci-fi novel ‘The Three Body Problem’ by Liu Cixin.
Sophon will be available through Bitmain and available worldwide for commercial and individual use. Sophon gives Bitmain a clear advantage in the crypto components industry. They’ve created something that we’ve not yet seen in the bitcoin world – the use of AI and crypto together.
Bitmain is already quite a powerful player in the crypto industry. Together, their mining pools, Antpool and BTC.com make up nearly 30% of the processing power the world uses today. Experts anticipate that the company is poised to grow immensely as Sophon is used. Recent years have shown us that AI technology has its advantages in other industries.
Sophon’s AI capabilities mean new opportunities for crypto investors. Data will be easier to manage. Anyone investing in crypto knows there is a lot of data with so many wallets out there! AI technology is already being used at popular social media websites that we frequent, such as Facebook and Twitter. Amazon.com’s website uses AI to help manage its large inventory and data, so that we see other items we might like to purchase based on what we’ve just bought. AI is today’s modern intelligence, working 24/7 to help us make money and work more efficiently than ever before. Bitmain’s Sophon units are likely to “speak” to data centers to help manage your crypto transactions and your day to day life.
So, What is Sophon?
The Bitmain website for Sophon states:
“Solve all the puzzles in the universe. Enrich the human perception and knowledge for everything.” It is clear that Sophon is poised to be the “engine” that brings our information age into the “intelligent age.”
While Sophon began as a “spark” of inspiration after reading a fictional sci-fi novel, this AI chip has become very real indeed. Sophon is a tensor computing processor that provides deep learning. Bitmain is focused on creating Sophon while keeping this AI solution both cost effective and energy efficient. As one of the challenges with mining is not using more power than necessary, this is a critical factor.
Sophon consists of a Tensor Computing Processor BM1680. This is a tensor computing acceleration processor made for deep learning applicable and to train and do inference with artificial neural networks including CNN, DNN and RNN. There is a Deep Learning Acceleration Card SC1 which assists to accelerate the deep learning capability for the AI applications of Sophon. Sophon also has an IVA Server SS1, which is a server system designed for AI video and image analysis.
Bitmain Technologies is a Chinese IC design company that began in 2013. Their focus is on created power effective Bitcoin mining solutions. Sophon is their first AI chip, but as the leaders in this space we can likely expect more from them in the near future.
Date Published: [sc_post_date]
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Updated on December 14, 2020
Getting started overview
You can get started with GoQuorum in multiple ways. They range from using our wizard to generate a local network, to configuring and creating a full network from scratch.
The easiest way to get a network up and running is by using the GoQuorum Wizard. This command-line tool creates a local GoQuorum network that can be started and be ready for use in minutes.
The wizard provides options for configuring the network and generates all the resources to run either in containers using
docker-compose, or locally through the use of bash scripts.
The wizard requires Nodejs and runs on Linux/Mac only.
npm install -g quorum-wizard quorum-wizard
To explore the features of GoQuorum and deploy a private contract, follow the instructions on Interacting with the Network.
GoQuorum Examples sample network
GoQuorum Examples provides the means to quickly create a pre-configured sample GoQuorum network that can be run either in a virtual-machine environment using Vagrant, in containers using docker-compose, or locally through the use of bash scripts to automate creation of the network.
GoQuorum on Kubernetes (Qubernetes)
Use qubernetes to run configurable N node GoQuorum networks on Kubernetes.
Creating a network from scratch
Creating a Network From Scratch provides a step-by-step walkthrough of how to create and configure a GoQuorum network suitable for either Raft or Istanbul consensus. It also shows how to enable privacy and add/remove nodes as required.
Creating a network deployed in the cloud
Quorum Cloud provides an example of how a GoQuorum network can be run on a cloud platform. It uses Terraform to create a 7 node GoQuorum network deployed on AWS using AWS ECS Fargate, S3 and an EC2.


15 Mar 2016 OpenVPN can transport data via both TCP and UDP protocols (discussed later). OpenVPN is an open-source VPN technology based on the
TCP vs. UDP (In-depth Look) So what is the difference between TCP and UDP, exactly? We took a quick look at their differences before, but let’s see what they all mean. We’re not going to discuss UDP vs. TCP applications, though, since they’re pretty straightforward. What we mentioned in the table at “Used For” pretty much sums it all up. Bottom line: UDP should be the main choice when using a VPN. In OpenVPN, you can choose either UDP or TCP connection types. Using IPsec and WireGuard, it is always UDP and can’t be changed. If you are connecting from a restricted network where protocols and ports are blocked, try OpenVPN over TCP ports such as 443, 80. OpenVPN is a popular open-source software package used for VPN connections. It relies on UDP and TCP protocols for transmitting data across secure VPN tunnels. UDP and TCP are both transport-layer protocols, required for establishing temporary connections between two programs, computers, or servers. TCP und UDP im Vergleich. Beim TCP kann man sich sicher sein, dass die Daten, die man sendet, auch definitiv so ankommen, wie sie gesendet wurden, das heißt vollständig, in der richtigen Reihenfolge und nicht doppelt. TCP ist nicht paketorientiert, sondern schreibt eher in einem Stream.
Windows Standalone version, IKEv2, OpenVPN®, KeepSolid Wise TCP/UDP, WireGuard®. Windows Store version TCP vs UDP ports. The TCP port provides
TCP is more reliable, so you may think that TCP is the best option, but there are times when UDP might be preferred. There is an option within the OpenVPN application that allows selection of a TCP-based connection, however if you find it becomes necessary to use TCP - we recommend using SoftEther or L2TP (L2TP is a TCP-based client offering flawless connection for mobile devices in particular). 04/01/2020
21/07/2020 · OpenVPN Running on TCP Port 443 vs Government Censorship. Running OpenVPN over TCP brings extra advantages as well. This is about how to defeat the government censorship with TCP port 443. As many of us know, some countries, such as China, love to censor the internet and track their citizens’ internet traffic. These governments block any


modified sine wave inverter Options
When you think of photo voltaic inverters, you may not quickly think of the phrase inverter. But in fact it is an important facet of your private home or Place of work solar energy system. Solar power devices do require a amount of various factors for their operation to get efficient and productive.
The primary and primary element of your property solar energy procedure is really a solar inverter. It can be an Digital ingredient that converts the DC Power produced by your solar panel into AC electric power demanded by your home or Place of work.
What should be recognized is that the procedure works much more effectively Whenever your inverter is appropriately tuned. After you purchase a modified sine wave inverter, you are going to want to make sure that it's properly set up and tuned.
A modified sine wave inverter will characteristic more than one inverter circuit. It will even characteristic a temperature controlled air-core cooling method that permits the method to operate at a comfortable temperature. These and other essential features are going to be uncovered with a thoroughly intended sine wave inverter.
Prior to deciding to head out and buy a modified sine wave inverter for your house or office, there are a few things which you have to know about. For starters, you must realize that the wattage and also the amperage that the inverter generates are two various things. The wattage of one's inverter determines exactly how much electric power your solar power method is able to deliver.
Amperage signifies the electrical existing that the inverter's output is able of producing. Basically, it suggests simply how much energy is remaining produced by the method. The greater electrical power your system can generate, the greater productive your method are going to be.
So you are purchasing a modified sine wave inverter, you desire to make sure that it makes a greater amperage output than what your process is capable of manufacturing. By performing this, you can definitely reduce your electrical bill.
2nd, it is a smart idea to learn how to watch your procedure, so that you will be ready to rapidly convert off your method really should it exceed its energy grid. You cannot afford to get your full program to go off for no motive.
Third, Particular warning is necessary with regards to the types of inverters that happen to be Employed in house solar energy units. This is because voltage controls are quite delicate. So, you have to make certain that the inverter you use is of the sort that does not enable voltage to become influenced.
Fourth, it's important for you to make certain that you employ your individual inverter, to make sure that it will be able to arrive directly from the solar panels with no staying afflicted by any temperature fluctuations. If you put in an inverter that's tied into your electrical power grid, it is possible to operate into some really serious complications.
Fifth, there is a crucial part of your energy grid that is called the voltage regulation circuit. This can be a Particular circuit which is intended to avert voltage from currently being disrupted in case your property or Business office's photo voltaic panel fails.
And at last, it is feasible for your voltage regulator circuit to become affected by water, particularly by rain h2o, that will unintentionally drop onto the facility grid. This could potentially cause complications and could potentially cause the circuit to fall short, so it is important that the panels are thoroughly cleaned of any excessive rain h2o ahead of They may be put into Procedure.
Everyone knows that a solar inverter is important for the solar panels. And what we must know is tips on how to go about generating one of the most out of them. Here are some guidelines which you can use:
The first thing it is best to do is be sure to install the inverter during the grid technique as you'd with another regular inverter. Inverters may also be used in the DC process. If you do not have the ideal link it can cause a great deal of issues.
The very first thing to check would be that the connection involving the inverter and the main electric power feed is appropriate. In the situation in the grid procedure you are going to use the most crucial battery or several of the other materials.
After you have this, It will probably be a good idea to established the inverter's voltage in accordance with the producer's tips. And there are a few modifications you can make that will allow you to keep away from changing the voltage settings every time you alter the solar panels.
The second matter to examine is whether the motor is rotating or not. If It's not at all, it ensures that your inverter is either broken or It's not at all working in any respect. You may set the inverter in neutral or You should use some jumper wires.
Also, it is possible to Test if the inverter's existing is managing the right way. You should Verify the load line simply by plugging the inverter into an outlet. You may detect that there's a pink line with white stripe.
If you have currently a minimal recent from the load line, you'll want to consider the possibility that the inverter is Operating correctly. For those who have a correct stability it's going to preserve you some perform.
One more issue to perform is Check out In case the inverter is ready for operation. You can do this by trying to operate the load line (the road through the inverter on the batteries) and see When website the inverter is responding.
Check which the inverter is related in its very same way that it had been just before, that is the ground. You'll need to change the solar panel if required.
When you're running the photo voltaic panel, you must be certain that the inverter isn't touching anything. The inverter may be very delicate and it will make a wierd sound if something touches it.
Look at the sensitivity on the inverter. It is not going to work When you've got the voltage substantial sufficient and there'll be some back again waves.
If you want to get additional information, you are able to browse a guide or visit the maker from the inverter to be sure that the correct modification has long been accomplished. You can also question for many distinct modification if you want.


All of us talked about 5G network in India but we are not aware of their advantages and disadvantages. And what are the advantages of 5G network over 4G network, today I am going to discuss about this hot talk about benefits and difficulties of 5G networks in India or in World.
There are lots of benefits of 5G network such as a student sitting in any part of world can attend the class. High resolution bandwidth are coming in place of low 4G bandwidth and our data transfer, browsing, downloading all this became easy and do it as a blink of eye that is not possible in present wireless network. Our expected time of 5G network is in2020 because lots of technical issue are coming in the way and main issue is its high (6 GHZ) frequency, this high frequency is matched to radio frequency and unfortunately, radio frequency is already crowded by many other frequencies such as satellite frequencies. Etc. Increased Bandwidth for all user and increased bandwidth means high speed data when we use 3G our bandwidth speed approx. in kbps then 4G LTE came with 100 mbps bandwidth speed and our downloading and browsing became easier as compare to 3G wireless network and now we are talking about 5G network, please think about the speed of our bandwidth and how smooth our technology run in this process. Due to advance technology Doctors provide their treatment in any remote part of the world, our government can monitor our cities from anywhere and crime level will decrease accordingly, we easily track missing one with the help of better technology, natural disaster may track easily and we operate our desktop with our handset. New technology options may available with better wireless 5G network.
Early research said that smartphones operates on 5G network may be operate on speed that is thousand times faster than present network. We became able to do our work on smartphone easily due to high speed network but at present we do it on our laptop and desktop so our future became more comfortable on our smartphones for browsing and mailing. Our generation shifted from the world of desktop to the world of smartphone with new technology. This technology open new door for smart device technology that may not be available till and what kind of new application running on this 5G Network?
Every technology has some merits and d-merits 5G networks have some, high frequency impact the life of some creatures, we don’t neglect this because it harm our environment. Radio frequency is matched with this frequency first we fixed this. Lots of smartphone became useless, it can be replaced with newer one and it became costly for consumers. Developing infrastructure needs high cost. Security and privacy issue yet to be solved. An increased bandwidth means less coverage its means lots of network towers are installed in our cities for higher bandwidth and higher bandwidth creates higher radiation in our environment that became unhealthy for us.
Lot of advantages and disadvantages for 5G wireless network, while 5G network still under development and there is no doubt all information is coming from the research and report. This information is important because everyone wants to know what impact a 5G Wireless network is going to have on their usage of smartphones.


The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) is a small space telescope about the size and shape of a family-size cereal box. It is built of six cubical units, each about four inches on a side. These are joined to make a spacecraft two units wide by three long in what is termed a 6U spacecraft; solar power panels extend like wings from one end.
The mission which SPARCS will undertake is monitoring the flares and sunspot activity of low-mass stars of K and M spectral type in the far- and near-ultraviolet to assess how habitable the space environment is for planets orbiting them.
The stars that SPARCS will focus on are small, dim, and cool by comparison to the Sun. They have less than half the Sun's size and temperature, and they shine with barely one percent its brightness.
These stars are the most numerous in our Milky Way Galaxy and host most of the exoplanets, including the vast majority of the Habitable Zone terrestrial planets in the galaxy, roughly 50 billion! This zone is the potentially life-friendly region close to the star where temperatures are neither too hot nor too cold for life as we know it, and liquid water could exist on a planet's surface.
Science & Technology
The spacecraft will contain four major systems — the telescope, the camera, the spacecraft, and the operational and science software. ASU astronomers, lead by mission Principal Investigator and astrophysics profession, Dr. Evgenya Shkolnik, will oversee the development of the telescope and camera, plus the software and the systems engineering. The telescope uses a mirror system with coatings optimized for ultraviolet light. Together with the camera, the system can measure very small changes in the brightness of low-mass K and M stars to carry out the primary science of the mission. The instrument is now being tested and calibrated at ASU in preparation for flight before being integrated into the rest of the spacecraft.
For each target star, SPARCS will observe continuously over at least one complete stellar rotation (5 to 45 days). SPARCS will also advance ultraviolet detector technology by flying high quantum efficiency, UV-optimized detectors developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, led by Dr. Shouleh Nikzad. These delta-doped detectors have a long history of deployment demonstrating greater than five times the quantum efficiency of the detectors used by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) mission.
SPARCS will pave the way for their application in future UV missions like NASA's next UV-capable flagship mission, the Habitable Worlds Observatory, including smaller interim missions. SPARCS will also be capable of "target-of-opportunity" ultraviolet observations for the rocky planets in low-mass star habitable zones. This will provide the needed ultraviolet context for the first habitable planets that the James Webb Space Telescope is characterizing.


What Is a Power Grid?
A power grid, or electric grid, is a complex network of transmission lines, substations, transformers, and other equipment that work together to deliver electrical power from generating stations to homes, businesses, and other electrical consumers. High-voltage transmission lines transport power over long distances, while lower voltage distribution lines deliver electricity to individual customers.
How Do Power Grids Work?
The interactions and processes involved in managing a power grid are highly complex. However, the basic workings of a power grid can be summarized in a few steps:
- Firstly, power is generated at power plants via fossil fuel sources or renewable energy sources such as wind turbines or solar panels.
- The generated power is then converted into high voltage through a step-up transformer to make it more efficient for long-distance transmission. This high-voltage electricity is then sent through transmission lines.
- The power is stepped down to a lower voltage through a substation, which is closer to the customer. From there, it is distributed through a network of distribution lines to individual customers.
One of the key challenges of managing a power grid is balancing the supply and demand of electricity. Grid operators must continuously adjust the amount of electricity being generated and transmitted to ensure a stable supply of power as demands adjust throughout the day.
Additionally, power grids must be resilient against disruptions such as equipment failures or extreme weather events, which can have a significant impact on the functioning of the grid. This ability to adjust to and meet fluctuating energy demands, as well as maintaining resilience against other potential disruptions, is called grid stability.
Here in Colorado, as in most places in the US, grid stability is a growing concern. Our state’s energy infrastructure has been put to the test due to a combination of factors such as severe weather conditions, aging infrastructure, and a growing population. Climate change has intensified the occurrence of extreme weather events like snowstorms and heatwaves, which can knock out power lines and cause widespread blackouts.
At the same time, much of the power grid infrastructure in Colorado is outdated and has not been upgraded to handle the increased demands of a growing population and the shift toward renewable energy sources. However, efforts are underway to address these issues and to modernize the grid and improve its resilience.
Grid Stability and Renewable Power
When it comes to power, renewable energy is a win-win. It helps mitigate climate change by moving away from the burning of fossil fuels, and it addresses the effects of climate change on the power grid. As climate change continues to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, grid stability is increasingly strained. But studies conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) demonstrate that “solar, wind, and hybrid power plants can provide their own source of grid stability—potentially unlike anything currently on the grid.”
As NREL’s work leads the transition of the US power grid to reliable and renewable energy, you can be part of that wave of change by making the switch to renewable energy sources! Homes and businesses across the country are relying on renewable power more and more. Here in Colorado, our net generation of renewable electricity has more than tripled since 2010!
Want to take steps toward a more sustainable future? Here at the Colorado Clean Energy Fund, we support Coloradoans in their efforts to transition to clean energy. We use the tools we have as a green bank to break down the financial barriers that inhibit access to clean energy for communities across the state. Explore our products and programs here to see how we can help you.


Thank you for choosing DST-PC, Diagnostic System Tester by DENSO.
DST-PC is Diagnostic System Tester for common rail system by DENSO.
Please read this manual well before using it for proper and safe
DST-PC is trouble diagnosis tool for common rail system by DENSO,
and has following functions.
Monitor the value or information in ECU from Sensors, Actuators,
Integrators and Adaptations
Compulsory drive of actuator such as injector
Utility functions such as Injector compensation, Injection Quantity
It is needed to install communication interface driver and DST-PC
(application) on your PC to use this software.
DST-PC can be used only when communication interface driver is
• Be sure to install as Administrator. Wrong action can be caused
if you install as other user.
• When installing communication interface driver, follow the
instructions by installer and don’t connect communication interface
with computer unless you are instructed. Computer might not be able
to recognize communication interface if it is connected improperly.
To use the DST-PC, be sure to log-in to Windows with administrator


The physics of superconductivity
This article was brought to you by generous Patreon Supporters.
Superconductivity; an extremely cool but unexpected phenomenon used for:
- Levitating objects
- MRI Scanners
- Quantum computers
.. and it might just one day completely revolutionize how we transport energy.
In this article I will tell you the Physics behind it and a little bit of the history as well.
Don’t like reading? Watch the video here instead
Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 By Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. At the time, it was just made possible to liquefy Helium which produces extremely cold temperatures.
In the image below we have a Celsius scale. At zero, of course, water freezes. At 100 degrees Celsius water boils. At negative 273 degrees Celsius we have the absolute zero, and a little warmer is the liquid helium, but it is still extremely cold. To put things into perspective, liquid nitrogen is plotted as well. It’s negative 195 degrees Celsius. Let’s switch units to Kelvin, by setting absolute zero as the zero point of the scale. This allows for better visualization. To conclude, it was possible to reach temperatures down to 3 Kelvin using liquid helium! Now for my American friends, here is the same scale but with Fahrenheit instead just so you can get a feeling of the temperatures.
We can use the new extremely cold temperatures on circuits.
Basics of conductivity
So here we have a battery and we have a cable connecting it. That will of course induce a flow of electrons, depicted in red.
If we zoom in on this cable we will see the metallic lattice, with protons depicted in blue and electrons in red again. The electrons are loosely bound to the nucleus such that they will move easily when they feel a potential.
Now compare that to an insulator: Their electrons are strongly bound to the nucleus so it won’t conduct. Unless we give it enough energy.
This happens during a thunder storm. You wouldn’t say atmospheric air is a conductor but there is just too much energy in the system. So the air will conduct indeed.
Temperature and resistance
If we got back and take a look at the cable again of course it was a bit of an idealized model because we have temperature in the system. This means that we will have random movements. The random movements will cause particles to collide and lose energy into thermal energy. So a higher temperature will cause more energy loss and, in turn, bigger resistance in the cable.
Actually, at the time it was not known what would happen if we decreased the temperature in a circuit
Would the resistance:
- drop to zero, as the temperature reaches zero?
- reach a constant resistance?
- or maybe even increase as the temperature dropped?
These unknown scenarios are depicted in the graph below. It wasn’t known at the time, but now with the extremely cold liquid helium we can just take our system, take a look at a fraction of the cable, apply extremely cold liquid helium to it, and measure what happens to the resistance in that area.
Are you ready?
Because for some materials this happened: after being cooled down under some specific temperature, called the critical temperature, denoted “Tc” there is absolutely no resistance at all. No one ever saw this result coming.
Okay we will get to the physics in a second, I just wan’t to point out that we know there is NO resistance at all in the conductor. There could be just an extremely small resistance, but there is none.
We know this because we can create a ring out of superconductive material, let a current run, leave the system for years and come back later to check the intensity of the current.
This has been done, but there is no measurable loss of the intensity of the current proving zero resistance (at least within the uncertainty of the measurements).
Also I want to point out that superconductivity is not really a rare phenomenon. Here in the periodic table I marked all the superconductive materials. You can see that superconductive materials are actually quite common.
Okay so now we will get to the why there is no resistance. Let’s come back to our conductor and observe just one electron and assume the conductor has been cooled down by liqiud helium, such that the thermal vibrations are negligible
As the electron is being pulled to the positive side of the battery, it flies in-between atoms of the lattice. These atoms are positively charged because they have lost their electron to the conduction. This means that the electron will cause a slight attraction of the atom, since it’s negatively charged and the atoms are positively charged.
If you have positive atoms clump together in a local disturbance, the area is a bit more positive.
Now, a new electron flying in will be attracted to this local disturbance, because it is slightly more positively charged.
You would probably expect, these two negative electrons should repel each other, since like charges repel. But they don’t because, in reality, many more atoms in the lattice are a part of this disturbance and the attraction happens over hundred to thousand of atoms.
The attraction causes these two electrons to go together and bind in what is called a “cooper pair”. But this bond is extremely weak, and even thermal vibrations will break it. That’s why we need the liquid helium.
When two electrons go into a cooper pair, something interesting happens. Electrons are usually what is called a fermion particle. There is another type of particle called the boson for example a photon. I am not going into details about this, but being a fermion like the electron means that no two particles can be in the same state. Depicted below is the energy level of a molecule. The electrons of the molecule, which are fermions, are being forced to be in different energy states in the molecule. But if they were bosons they could all just fall down to the lowest energy state.
If electrons were normally bosons, no chemical reactions would ever occur. All electrons would just clump down to the lowest energy state in the molecule, and wouldn’t be interested in undergoing any reaction. So we are in luck that electrons are fermions. But when two electrons go into a cooper pair, they are still fermions, but they act together as a boson. That means all the cooper pairs clump into the lowest energy level and will all be in the same state, because they are boson now, and not fermions anymore.
The cooper pairs, now being bosons in a superconductor, can behave as one big group of particles in the same state. Because the cooper pairs bond over a distance, more cooper pairs become overlapped. This new big overlap becomes entangled and now behaves as a large network of interactions. This network of interactions will be attracted to a potential in a circuit and therefore it will conduct. The collective behavior of all the electrons in the network and in the solid prevents any further collision with the lattice. If it were about to collide with an atom, the network can just recombine into new cooper pairs. To have resistance the whole network would have to collide with the whole lattice, and that’s just too unlikely to happen… So there is none.
Another way to think of superconductvity and cooper pairs is the current has to be resistance-less because you can’t take any energy from a system that’s already in its ground state, which these cooper pair bosons are.
So superconductivity is a strange quantum dance of copper pairs, electrons and vibration in the lattice.
Meissner effect and applications
There is much more to a superconductor than just zero resistance. Let’s first take a look at the magnetic properties. If we put a normal magnet here, the magnetic fields are often drawn like this.
They represent the direction and the strength of the magnetic field. So if we have other magnets, they would certainly be affected by the magnetic field and would align like this:
If we have normal matter like this little cylinder here, and put it next to a magnet, the magnetic field would just pass right through it like nothing happened.
But if we replace the cylinder with a superconducting cylinder, the cylinder would just repel the magnetic field, it will not have any magnetic field inside of it.
This happens because the electrons inside the superconductor create small vertices that repels the magnetic field. Kind of like really small electron coils. This is called the Miessner effect.
Now we are actually ready to create really fast, levitating, magnetic superconductor trains. Because if we have a magnet up on a superconductor, the superconductor refuses have the magnetic fields inside of it, causing the magnet to levitate.
There are two types of superconductors: Type 1 and type 2. Very creative names, I know..
But what we talked about until now is all governed by type 1 superconductors.
Sadly, we don’t know how a type 2 superconductor works. And that’ is really a shame because type 2 superconductors have the same properties as type 1, but it works at higher temperatures and have other properties such as flux pinning. If we knew more about type 2, we could speed up the search for finding a superconductor that works at normal pressure and temperatures. As supercondcutors can massively speed up transportation, circuits in a computer and also solve the global energy crisis it is the golden goal in the field of superconductivity. Currently, the LK-99 is promising, but the results aren’t thoroughly tested yet.
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It started off as a small issue. My 3 year old Razer Mamba’s (2012 edition) internal battery died. It wouldn’t charge regardless of what I plugged it into. Seeing that the mouse was pretty old and my warranty has long expired, I’ve decided to just continue using it as a wired mouse. It was all nice and good until one fine day the mouse decided to totally break down. So much for that.
Luckily for me, there was a PC fair going on and I picked the Logitech G700s wireless gaming mouse, abandoning my long term determination that “I will only use Razer mouse”. Originally my first choice was the G602 (it was cheaper than the G700s) but as luck would have it, the Logitech stall ran out of the stock for that particular model. Determined not to return home empty handed, I told the helpful sales girl I wanted a G700s and made my way to the payment counter.
I wouldn’t go into much detail on the tech specs and features of this mouse but basically it’s a rechargeable wireless gaming mouse with 13 programmable buttons, to which all of them can be accessed with just your thumb and index finger. It uses a small USB dongle that runs at 2.4Ghz frequency. Logitech’s spec sheet stats that the mouse maintains a consistent 1 ms response rate regardless if it’s on wireless or wired mode. Pretty impressive.
After using the mouse for over a month, I can honestly say that I’m happy with the Logitech G700s. The overall size and weight feels just right for my hand and I didn’t noticed any delays in my movements while playing Counter-Strike: Go. Battery life was significantly shorter compared to Mamba but the two things that I really like about the G700s are the ability to change the internal battery and use any kind of micro USB cable.
Wait just a moment. “The 2012 Mamba uses a micro USB cable for wired mode and you can change the internal battery as well! So what’s the difference?” you might ask …
For starters, while Mamba and G700s both uses micro USB cable for charging and wired mode, the Mamba has some kind of proprietary head which only Razer’s own USB cable will be able to fit in, unless you can find a cable that’s smaller and thinner than Razer’s. As for the battery, the G700s uses a Eneloop AA 300mAH rechargeable battery that can be found in most hardware stores, making it much easier to replace compared to the Mamba.
Now, I’m not saying that the Mamba is a bad mouse just because it uses proprietary battery and USB head. As a matter of fact, it’s a very good gaming mouse to which I enjoyed using throughout these 3 years. However at this point of time, I was looking a wireless gaming mouse with the ‘budget’ factor in mind, with the added ability to change the internal battery easily. The Logitech G602 fits my requirements perfectly but due to unforeseen circumstances, I had to go with the G700s.
So far all I have talked about are the good points of the G700s. What about the bad points?
The only main complain I have with the mouse is the slightly weird texture that’s along the side of the mouse. It provides better grip but it feels too rough for my taste. Not much of a deal breaker as I don’t really notice it while gaming. Battery life could have been better as well. All in all, it’s a good gaming mouse. No doubt you can get a much better wired gaming mouse for the same amount of money but hey, wireless mode was my number 1 priority so that’s that.
If you are looking to buy the Logitech G700s or anything else for that matter on Amazon, we hope that you will use our affiliate link below. Each time you buy something from there, we get a small kickback and it helps us out a bunch. Thanks and happy gaming!


The EliteNAS EN424L12 Intel Quad Core 64 bit Edition
is a comprehensive feature-dense 4U 24-bay NAS + iSCSI + Fibre Channel (via optional add-on) unified / hybrid storage rackmount with the Intel Quad-Core processor and 8GB DDR-3 ECC memory. The en424L12 is a performance tuned NAS + iSCSI + Fibre Channel storage designed with hardware RAID protection and quad Gigabit Ethernet, capable of unlimited clients with network share, and supports in IP SAN storage. Built-in SATA RAID 6 supports up to 96TB of total storage, and an optional SAS expander feature allows expansion of up to 120 drives, using additional EliteSTOR SAS Expander JBOD storage units, making a total of 960TB total storage in a network sharing or iSCSI / FC SAN environment. With both 12G SAS and SATA, the en424L12 is capable of fulfilling the most demanding storage needs.
Quad port Gigabit and Hardware RAID Hard Drives Protection
EliteNAS is built with simple setup and maintenance features. Installation wizard for easy implementation, convenience web-based management for local or remote configuration, quad 10/100/1000 network support for teaming or redundant networking, and hardware RAID support for your data storage make the EliteNAS a simple trouble free unit. Dedicated dual core hardware RAID processor RAID engines support online migration and expansion while offloading complex RAID calculations to improve overall performance.
Optional SAS Expander support for storage expansion
The 12G SAS expander module allows you to connect additional 12G SAS expander JBODs (EliteSTOR ES208X12, ES212X12, ES316X12, and ES424X12), or up to 120 total drives. (Additional Gateway License required)
Support 12G SAS or 6G SATA hard drives
Support to both high performance 12G SAS hard drives or high capacity, low cost 6G SATA hard drives.
Hardware RAID support up to 60
Supports latest RAID levels, including RAID 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 50, 60 for advanced data protection in large numbers of hard drive deployments.
Feature Rich Network Storage - Build-in Snapshot, Folder Replication and iSCSI
In comparison to other NAS units in the market, EliteNAS is bundled with many additional advanced features at no additional charge. iSCSI target support for iSCSI applications, iSCSI initiator support for easy future expansion, NAS to NAS folder replication, scheduled or on-demand volume snapshot, and local tape backup support, are just a few of the many features this product offers.
iSCSI Support for VMware and Microsoft Hyper-V
To take advantage of centralized storage for all virtual machines in VMware ESX or Vsphere, the en424L12 can be used as a focal storage point for the VMWare ESX or ESXi server hosting multiple virtual machines. Utilizing the en424L12 as an iSCSI target storage system for the VMware ESX/ESXi server, the en424L12 is ready for your VMware storage virtualization needs.
Microsoft Hyper-V virtualization environment is also supported. With the support of SPC-3, iSCSI can be used in Microsoft Windows Server 2012 or Windows Server 2012 R2 clustering environment for high-availability applications.
Optional NAS to NAS Automatic Active Cluster Mirroring
Active Cluster Mirroring (ACM) is optional features used to bind two EliteNAS servers as one, so the data written to both systems simultaneously. At the same time, automatic fail-over will supported in case of primary system is fail. Clients attached to the primary NAS server can be serviced by the secondary server and will not notice the fail-over process when the secondary EliteNAS takes over to provide high avaliablity redundancy. Supported up to 4 units.
For more information, please see download our Active Cluster Mirroring Guide
Optional Real time NAS to NAS Replication (AC-SAN-ENASREP)
Real time NAS to NAS replication provide is optional features used to provide disaster recovery via LAN or WAN to a secondary unit. Also known as asynchronous replication, real time replication replicate or copy newly written data to secondary unit right away instead of scheduled time, allowing data being backup right away.
Optional Fibre Channel Target Upgrade for Hybrid Storage
Fibre Channel Target allows using EliteNAS series upgraded to support Fibre Channel SAN. With the upgrade to either 2-port 16Gb/s Fibre Channel option (Part#: KT-EN2P16FC) or 4-port 16Gb/s Fibre Channel option (Part#: KT-EN4P16FC), EliteNAS series can instantly connection to the most common interface in the today IT environments. NAS (CIFS/NFS/AFP), iSCSI and Fibre Channel can simultaneously supported in a single device, consolidate IT management and provide flexibility for today ever changing IT environments.
10Gb Network Interface Controller Option for 10GbE Network Support
10Gb Ethernet network Interface controller card is supported for 10Gb Networking. With 10 times faster bandwidth compared to 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet, the 10Gb network interface controller provides high performance solutions when needed. 10GBASE-T, XFP, SFP+ and CX4 connectors are available.
Environmental friendly 80 Plus Platinum level (94%) Redundant Power Supply
To provide the most environmental friendly possible, yet protect from power supply failure, for using in data center environment, EliteNAS 12G series are equipped with 80 Plus Platinum level (94%) redundant power supply.
Design for Data Center - Remote Monitoring / IPMI for Advance User
Build-in with IPMI feature, advance user can now connect to the EliteNAS storage as if they are in front of the unit. IPMI provide next level of service, special deploy for datacenter or remote disaster recovery site.
Note: Sans Digital recommends the use of enterprise hard drives when in use with any RAID controller applications. Standard desktop or green desktop drive may not be supported and may compromise RAID system stability and performance. For more information on the difference between RAID and desktop hard drives, please see the Western Digital knowledge base. For a list of compatible RAID Edition SATA hard drives, please CLICK HERE.
Important Announcement for Shell Shock Vulnerability: Click here for release note and click here to download the update patch.
- Supports IPV6 for more flexibility in allocating IP addresses and efficiency for routing web traffic.
- Multiple NAS Aggregation (single name space NAS expansion), allowing the integration of multiple or additional NAS units under a common root folder.
- OS mirroring along with the new management GUI interface.
- Highly efficient OS based on 64 bit Operating Systems.
- An intriguing Web GUI Using Web Browser GUI can configure, access and monitor the NAS/iSCSI.
- High file transfer rate for all types of protocols: NFS, AFP, CIFS, FTP, and iSCSI.
- Robust Journaling File Systems – XFS / EXT4.
- File-sharing for clients in heterogeneous or mixed OS platforms is supported.
- Supported Protocol and Service:
- Supports Client File System – SMB, CIFS, NFS, AFP, FTP, SFTP.
- Support Network Transport Protocols – TCP/IP, SNMP MIBII, AppleTalk, NTP, DHCP, HTTP/HTTPS.
- Support Network services – DHCP, ADS/ADDS, NIS, LDAP, NTP Server.
- Support Teaming over Gigabit NICs.
- Supports 7 modes of network port bonding: Teaming for Load-Balancing & Fail-Over, 802.3ad.
- Multiple Volume Snapshots, Schedulable & On-Demand.
- NAS-to-NAS Folder Replications: Scheduled Differential and Scheduled Full Copy with Compression.
- Include iSCSI target & initiator functions for IP-SAN infrastructure.
- Remote system monitoring for Fan status, Temperatures, RAID status, HDD status, Network connectivity status.
- Remote Monitoring and Remote Email Notifications.
- Auto email notification for pre-defined events.
- Supports storage quota assignment to group or to individual users, as well as warning when approaching quota full.
- Volume Snapshots supported - Supports multiple Snapshots for ‘point-in-time” user data image against accidental user file deletion and data corruption or virus attack. Snapshot can be scheduled and/or On-Demand
- Build-in iSCSI initiator – a new NAS act as an iSCSI target, and connect it into the existing NAS as if it is part of the local storage.
- Supports local folder creation under each root network share
- Multi-Level sub-folders supported.
- Network Share can be created based on volume or based on subfolder.
User Support and Security
- Maximum number of local user accounts: 60,000
- Maximum number of characters for user name: 31 characters
- Maximum number of characters for user password: 128 characters
- Local user account supported with “Home” Directory option
- Windows ADS / PDC / Workgroup supported
- Special feature supporting Windows ADS with large number user accounts.
- Multi User IDs supported for Windows ADS administrators
- ACL – Access Control List supported, Local ACL supported down to Folder-Level and File-Level.
- NIS – Network Information Services for Unix/Linux supported
- LDAP supported
- HTTPS/SSL Service supported
- Host (IP) filtering
- A NAS discovery tool, NAS-Finder, will automatically discover any and all NAS units in the local network, and allow Administrator to manually add an entry for remote NAS unit over internet/VPN/WAN.
- Monitoring NAS resource utilization status via Web GUI.
- Monitoring On-Line Users and Folder-being-accessed via Web GUI
- Support system log to be downloaded and email to technical support personnel for further trouble-shooting.
- Support system configuration to be backup and restore
- iSCSI Target function allows a certain portion(s) of the storage to be partitioned as iSCSI volume(s) and assigned to specific host computer, appearing as if a local disk to that host computer.
- Provides block level services (iSCSI) and file services (NAS) in a unified storage system.
- Build-in iSCSI initiator function allows the NAS to mount remote iSCSI target volume as its local physical storage, and expand its storage capacity
- Combination of iSCSI Target and Initiator support between multiple NAS units can be used as one of the method to do Multi-NAS-Aggregation for storage expansions
- Build-in Snapshot support iSCSI volumes
- iSCSI volume supports Microsoft Server 2012 R2 Failover Clustering (SPC-3) and VMware ESX/ESXi Server
Optional Active Cluster Mirroring for bare-metal mirroring and failover
- Tower Based MobileNAS and AccuNAS series, as well as rackmount based EliteNAS NAS series product line are fully interoperable for folder replications.
- Different models can replicate to each other.
- Scheduled or on-demand replication.
- Build-in Differential Replication allow deploy multiple units in different location via Internet/Intranet
- Building block of a total enterprise solution.
- Active Cluster Mirroring provide automatically failover in case of hardware failure.
- Mirroring function guarantee both primary and backup server have the same data.
- Eliminate downtimes, in event of failure, all traffic will automatically route to backup server.
- Support both iSCSI and NAS sharing.
- Support up to 4 units.
- For more information, please see download our Active Cluster Mirroring Guide.
Optional Real time Asynchronous replication
- NAS to NAS replication in real-time instead of schedule.
- Support both LAN or WAN environment for production and disaster recovery site implementation.
- Ideal for backup or disaster recovery.
- Minimal downtimes, in event of failure, all traffic can route to backup server by a IP change.
Optional Fibre Channel Target for Hybrid Storage
- 2-ports Fibre Channel 16 Gb/s (KT-EN2P16FC) or 4-ports Fibre Channel 16 Gb/s (KT-EN4P16FC) upgrade.
- Fibre Channel Target allows certain volume in the EliteNAS storage to be partitioned as Fibre Channel volume(s) and assigned to specific host computer, appearing as if a local disk to that host computer.
- Support direct attached to Fibre Channel enabled computer or Support Fibre Channel SAN using Fibre Channel switch.
- Fibre Channel Target options support virtual environments, including Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware or Citrix Xen servers.
- Operating system specific design for NAS and iSCSI application.
- Intel Quad-Core processor.
- 8GB ECC DDR-2 memory.
- Supports 12G SAS and 6G SATA hard drive.
- RAID 0, 1, 10, 3, 5, 6, 50, 60, JBOD and hot spare drives
- Quad port Gigabit Ethernet ports.
- Hardware RAID controller card.
- Optional 10GbE Ethernet controller card for 10GbE network.
- Optional Fibre Channel Card for Fibre Channel Target.
- OS on DOM (Disk-on-Module) without mechanical wear and tear.
| Optional Packages
||EliteNAS Active Clustering Mirroring - Two NAS or Four NAS will mirrored and automatically failover.
||EliteNAS Asynchronous replication - Real time replication between NAS to NAS.
||EliteNAS 2-port Fibre Target Options add-on.
||EliteNAS 4-port Fibre Target Options add-on.
||Single XFP port 10G network interface card upgrade
||Single SFP+ port 10G network interface card upgrade
||Single CX4 port 10G network interface card upgrade
||Single QSFP+ port 10G network interface card upgrade
||Single 10GBASE-T port 10G network interface card upgrade
||Dual SFP+ ports 10G network interface card upgrade
||Dual CX4 ports 10G network interface card upgrade
||Dual QSFP+ ports 10G network interface card upgrade
||Dual 10GBASE-T ports network interface card upgrade
||Quad SFP+ ports 10G network interface card upgrade
* 2 ports and 4 ports Gigabit netowrk interface upgrade is available.


The technology has significantly changed the way we do business. The internet has empowered people. Devices like smartphones and tablets can interpret loads of data in a very short time. Here are four ways the mobile technology has improved our lives.
You can access lots of programs and applications easily and stay informed. You can search for anything in an instant using your mobile phone. For example, you want to have dinner at a good restaurant; your mobile app will show you a list of restaurants and their reviews instantly. You can get access to loads of information easily and quickly.
The digital devices help you to be more productive and efficient in your work. There are many software applications that make your work much easier. You can arrange your work well using the various applications and thus produce better output.
Mobile technology helps us to stay connected to people we know, no matter in which part of the world they reside in. You can call, email, send an instant message, use social networks, and even video chat using your mobile phones.
You can do lots of things from your mobile. You can do banking, read news, watch videos, listen to music, play games, and more. You can do multiple tasks at a time using mobile phones.
The mobile technology is growing. In future, we will be able to do much more with this technology. It’s making our lives better and easier. We all should adopt the latest mobile technology and reap all its benefits.