Showing 1–9 of 25 results
Trek Ion 50 R Flare R Metro Bike Light Set
Simple bike lights for after dark
The Ion 50 R/Flare R Metro Bike Light Set is a simple USB rechargeable front and rear cycling light set that can help you be seen after dark. The versatile design and included bike mount make for easy, tool-free attachment to any bike. Remove the included mount to reveal a built in clip that securely attaches to a belt clip, pocket or bag.
- 50 Lumens front and 20 Lumens rear help make riders more visible after dark
- Triple LED design can be seen from a wide visibility angle
- The versatile design can be mounted on bike, belt or bag
- Each light has two steady modes and one flash mode
- Ion 50 R – Low steady 20 L-3 hrs, high steady 20 L-1.5 hrs, Flash 50 L-6 hrs
- Flare R Metro – Low steady 8 L-3 hrs, high steady 20 L-1.5 hrs, Flash 20 L-6 hrs
- Includes Ion 50 R, Flare R Metro, Clip Connect Mounts and Micro USB cable
- Integrated clip for secure install on belt or bag, simply remove mount to access
Bontrager Ion 100 R/Flare R City Bike Light Set
Party in the front and in the back
One light set for a complete daytime running lights solution. The Ion 100 R and Flare R City feature focused optics, an interruptive flash pattern and a broad range to ensure visibility. Their compact design and wide beam spread are optimised for city riding and make these USB rechargeable lights great for any bike.
- Be seen with a broad, powerful beam and balanced optics designed for city riding
- Includes Ion 100R, Flare R City, two quick-connect brackets and a micro USB charging cable
- Bontrager Daytime Running Lights feature the flash, focus and range to be seen during the day
- USB rechargeable
Lelumia Dual Headlight
Designed to offer more then just a front light. The light is equipped with a red rear light and front white light to be used on a helmet. This light adds an additional level of visibility and a must for the conscientious rider that wants to be seen.
- 150 Front Lumen Output and 25 Lumen rear output
- Dual light for increases visibility
- Smooth, Even Beam Pattern
- Splash proof Design Provides All-Weather Reliability
- USB Rechargeable
- Quick Release Handlebar Mount
- Quick Release Handlebar Mount & USB Charging Cable
Modes Highly Medium Flash Front Lumen 150lm 100lm 75lm Runtime 1.5h 4,5h 4,5h Rear Lumen 25 lm 20 lm 20 lm
Moon Helix 100 lumens Taillight
- COB red LED
- Max. Lumens: 100LM (FL-1 tested)
- Max.Runtime: 110 hrs (FL-1 tested)
- Battery Type: Li-PO built-in
- Recharge Time: 3:00 hrs
- Size ( W x D x H): 22 x 19.5 x 51 xmm
- Weight: 30g
Moon Meteor-X Auto Front Light (450/500 lumens)
- 3 steady modes, 3 flashing modes, SOS modes.
- CNC Aluminium heat sink light cap
- Light sensitive auto ON/OFF
- Mode memory function
- Day flash mode
- Quick release rechargeable lithium ion battery
- Quick release universal bracket fits all round bars and AERO style bars)
- Low battery,charging and fully charged indicator
- Automatic fully charged cut-off system
- High precision optical lens
- Side visibility
- Water resistant (IPX 4)
MAGICSHINE Rear Light SeeMee 200 V2 Brake & Ambient Light Sensor Bike Light
The SEEMEE 200 V2.0 is the brand-new upgraded version of the previous SEEMEE 200 and one of the most powerful taillights on the market.
It is a very potent and eye-catching tail light with a neat cube design, the maximum output can be reached up to 200 lumens.
It features not one but two lenses: a main light and another beneath, which we call the ‘tracing light’. It projects a 360-degree arc of red light down to the road, to tremendously increase warning efficiency.
Thanks to the translucent case design, the main lens casts a 260-degree arc, which should avoid stealth moments when turning.
We have redesigned our proven SEEMEE 200 completely. The lighting modes have been reduced from 8 to 5, and the operation is even simpler. Press and hold the switch to turn on/off, click to select different brightness and modes. No more double-click operation.
Have you ever wanted to ride with friends for a long time by using SEEMEE 200? The SEEMEE 200 V2.0 makes it possible. We have added a group ride flash mode in this new version, which only emits 10 lumens and provides 50 hours long runtime. In addition to this, we also redefine the smart mode. Now you can use the maximum output of 200 lumens during the daytime, which greatly improves the safety of daytime riding.
200 lumens maximum output, 360 ° tracing light, motion sensor, brightness sensor, IPX6, much simpler operation and longer runtime, the SEEMEE 200 V2.0 is one of the best tail lights in the world.
- MAX Lumens: 200 Lumens
- LED: COB/SMD
- Visibility Angle: 360°
- Visibility Range: 1500 m
- Battery: 3.7V 1,000mAh
- Charging Time: 1.5 Hrs (5V,1A)
- Burning Time: 3.7-5 Hrs
- Waterproof: IPX 6
- Weight: 39g
- Dimensions: 32*28*43mm
The brake sensor triggers on a sudden change in movement pattern, such as brakes or quick turns. The brake light generates a 3 second steady beam of 200 lumens. When the light is off, press and hold the power button for 5 seconds to enable/disable the brake sensor function. Constant light after 5 sec = sensor ON, flashing light after 5 sec = sensor OFF.
Included are 1x adjustable length silicon strap, a seat post mount and 1x ziptie. Please note: with the exception of Seemee 20 and 30, all models in the Seemee series use the same proprietary quad lock style mounting mechanism
MAGICSHINE Rear Light SeeMee180 Brake & Ambient Light Sensor Bike Light
Similar to the SeeMe 100, the SeeMe 180 is a powerful bike tail light for road, urban and mountain bikers, with wide angle visibility, low power flash mode and a brake sensor, on brake the flash output is 180 lumens, higher than that of SeeMe 100 at 100 lumens.
SMART REAR LIGHT
Our SeeMe 180 tail light with 3 constant modes and 3 flash modes adds style to your bicycle and increases visibility to others. This rear light automatically changes to the economic flash mode when the battery is less than 5% and runs up to 20 minutes before switching off.
HIGH VISIBILITY IN THE DARK
Featured with 180 lumens, our bicycle tail light will let others know about you as it allows you to be seen from up to 2000 meters. The 260-degree lighting visibility of our light gives you all-around protection and the USB rechargeable battery makes sure you enjoy your cruise for a long time.
IPX6 WATERPROOF LIGHT
Take your ride in the rain without any second thoughts as our rear light is completely waterproof. The IPX6 water resistance rating protects against the water entering into the light. Enjoy your ride even in a rainy climate by installing this powerful tail light.
Our bicycle rear light has a built-in advanced sensor that automatically adjusts to the environmental changes. This sensor turns on the rear light when you hit the brakes and will last for 3 seconds!
EASY TO INSTALL
Our SeeMee 180 tail light can easily be mounted under the saddle or different seat posts, making sure it fits all models of cycles.
MAGICSHINE Rear Light SeeMee 150 Brake & Ambient Light Sensor Bike Light
The SEEMEE 150 TL is an intelligent tail light that offers smart integrated sensors and enough brightness for both daytime or nighttime riding. It uses transparent optical filters to spread the beam 260 degrees, the maximum output can be reached up to 150 lumens. It has an integrated motion sensor, which reacts immediately and makes the tail light brighter when you hit the brakes, provides additional safety. It also features an ambient light sensor.
When switched to the smart mode, it will switch between daytime to night time modes automatically. It is super simple to operate. A long press of the switch will turn the light on and off, and a short press will cycle through the modes. The seat post mount consists of a Garmin-type head, which the light clicks into securely, suitable for seat posts 22-35 mm diameter.
There is also a saddle rail clip for those wanting a really sleek bike-mounted option.
With the convenient Micro-USB port, charging is very straightforward and takes 1 hour to fully charge. And its IPX6 rating for weatherproofing is reassuring.
MAGICSHINE Rear Light – SeeMee 60 – Brake Sensor Bike Light
Seemee 60 has internal brake sensor. A sleep mode is triggered after one minute of inaction to save power, and vibration will immediately re-activate the unit.
MAX OUTPUT: 60 Lumen
BATTERY: 3.7V 500mAh


Users wishing to run simulations on parallel architectures using domain decomposition are required to install from source and must have additional tools. The parallelization utilizes the standard Message Passing Interface (MPI), and the domain decomposition is performed using the METIS software package. When using the build script for a parallel computation, it is assumed that the top level directory for METIS (metis-4.0.3/) is in the $SU2_HOME directory.
If you would like to install METIS and compile SU2 using the build script, follow these directions:
- Download METIS 4.0.3 from the link above
- Untar the download and place the metis-4.03/ directory in the SU2v1.0/ directory (metis does not need to reside in the SU2_DDC/ directory)
- Run the build script, which will find, compile, and link the this version of the metis library automatically


Network | Member
Construction & Engineering
Quadra Solutions Ltd specialise in CAD software solutions for mechanical, construction and PCB design industries. We provide consultancy, training and technical support and house one of the largest PCB design bureaus in the UK.
We pride ourselves on our consultative approach to working with customers as their technology partner. We are the sole distributor of Zuken’s PCB design software CADSTAR in the UK, Scandinavia and Benelux as well as Autodesk Gold Partners in the UK for manufacturing and architecture, engineering and construction.
Quadra Solutions Limited
Telephone: 01254 300901
View all companies on our interactive map


The primary goal of multi-access edge computing is to reduce network congestion and improve application performance by achieving related task processing closer to the user.
Current mobile broadband architecture with centralized packet switching unnecessarily overloads transmission networks and centralized packet switching functions with the increasingly demanding traffic loads generated by today’s multimedia applications.
MEC distributes packet switching functions to the edge of the network, to hub sites or even to base station sites depending on the use case. It reduces load on centralized packet switching gateways and allows high bandwidth networks to be built at a lower cost and with greater quality.
MEC negates the latency associated with back haul to the cloud by conducting a portion of the storage, data transfer, and computing at the network “edge”. In doing so it enables a wide variety of applications, where every millisecond counts resulting in:


… is now published. See more
… in bcc chromium and the signatures of impurities. See more.
… see “Yediot Ahoronot“
… on self-healing nanoparticles. See original publication.
The initially defect-free nanowires were nanostructured with well-defined circular holes in the 19–62 nm regime by a He ion beam. The resulting flaw insensitivity and the effect of notches in single-crystalline <110> oriented Au nanowires on strength and ductility is demonstrated by in-situ tensile testing. Both, the atomistic simulation and transmission electron microscopy analysis, elucidated the mechanistic origin of the flaw-insensitivity, i.e. plastic flow initiation at the hole with the nucleation, propagation and interaction of Shockley partial dislocations, resulting in unique defect morphologies. The unique defect signature of post-mortem defects show in conjunction with accompanying large-scale atomistic simulation the build-up of an internal microstructure at the notch, which rationalizes the observed strain hardening and therefore allowed the unexpected extended ductility in notched nanowires. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.015


Review of: Seymour Duncan Vapor Trail
Reviewed by: Gabriel TanakaRating:5On March 13, 2014Last modified:October 7, 2016
Seymour Duncan has been long regarded among pro guitarists as one of the leading names in guitar pickups. And back when Seymour Duncan made their first foray into guitar pedals with the now iconic Seymour Duncan SFX-01 Pickup Booster, it became immediately clear that they know a thing or two about pedals, also. After a series of successful pedal releases, it’s actually been a few years since Seymour Duncan has released something new. But they sure weren’t resting on their laurels as their brand new Vapor Trail Analog Delay shows.
The Vapor Trail clearly shows just from its spec sheet that the folks over at Seymour Duncan have been doing their homework. This is a pedal for guitar players interested in warm sounding, authentic analog delay tone who don’t need tap tempo. Therefore it will conveniently fit into a standard-sized stompbox slot on your pedalboard. And it hits that perfect street price point of around $149.
The Vapor Trail also packs a few extra features that give this pedal some distinct advantages over the competition. It has modulation as expected, but both its modulation Rate and Depth controls are on the surface, easily tweakable in live situations. There’s also an effects send/return, perfect for coloring the delay with other pedals, using the delay in stereo, or controlling the Mix (delay level) with a volume pedal. A transparent Delay knob with a flashing blue LED light also gives you realtime feedback of the delay time.
This just might be the most exciting pedal Seymour Duncan have released. If it sounds as good as it looks, the Vapor Trail could be a hit. Is it the best analog delay pedal in this price range? You’ll find out in our Seymour Duncan Vapor Trail review.
All analog Bucket Brigade (BBD) delay signal path supported by modern low-noise analog electronics. No microprocessors or digital signal processors.
Delay control knob adjusts delay time from 15ms to 600ms. Actual delay time indicated by flash rate of illuminated Delay time knob.
Repeats control knob sets delay feedback from one repeat to runaway repeats and self-oscillation.
Mix control knob blends wet and dry signals. Wet signal is adjustable from muted to +3dB. At the highest settings, the first echo is actually louder than the dry signal.
Rate control knob adjusts the rate of modulation from 0.2Hz to 4Hz.
Depth control knob adjusts modulation depth from zero to “over the top”.
TRS wet channel insert loop allows external effects to be applied to only the wet signal. Also serves as wet-only output for wet/dry stereo or studio use.
True bypass for letting your signal pass unaffected when disengaged.
Powered by 9-volt battery or 9-18VDC power supply.
Sound & Performance:
There’s nothing quite like the sound of a great analog delay pedal. One of the first things I noticed about the Vapor Trail is that Seymour Duncan really put in some time to get the tone right. Just by setting the Mix, Repeats, and Delay to around noon and kicking on the pedal, a gloriously warm analog delay replicates your playing with that characteristic high-end rolloff that darkens more as the repeats fade out. Taking those 3 knobs up in the 1-2 o’clock vicinity adds a little more of everything, bringing that warm delay up in the mix with more feedback repeats and longer delay times.
The Vapor Trail produces a wide range of classic delay sounds. Cutting back the Repeats and Delay to around 9 o’clock produces a vintage style slap back delay. Cutting the delay time even shorter and bringing up the Rate and Depth knobs lets you achieve all kinds of modulation ranging from gentle chorusing to rotating speaker-like effects. Pushing up the Vapor Trail’s Delay knob to around 2 o’clock lets you pull off those longer delay times that are good for some Edge style rhythmic delay tones.
Again, tone is one of the paramount features of a great analog delay pedal. One of the biggest drawbacks of some classic old-school analog delay pedals is, of course, the noise often inherent in those outdated electronics. Seymour Duncan have made great effort to use high quality modern components that create a lush analog delay sound that isn’t diminished by noise in the signal. The Vapor Trail retains warmth and clarity without any annoying hiss. If you do appreciate a little graininess in your repeats, you can get a little bit of that lo-fi sound with heavy delay layering on a high feedback setting via the Repeats knob. And there’s always taking it over the edge to sonic insanity by cranking the Repeats for some wild self-oscillation.
If you want even more ways to color the tone of your delays, the Vapor Trail’s TRS send and return jack is the way to go. You can patch in any pedal (or pedals) to affect the delay signal only. I found great results using various overdrives and pedals with versatile EQ sections to saturate and color the tone. If you have a favorite modulation pedal, you could even use it to modulate the delay instead of using the Vapor Trail’s onboard modulation. But the Vapor Trail’s modulation actually sounds quite nice, and you can even use it in conjunction with the effects loop to modulate the processed delay signal. I’ve been having a lot of fun getting a grainy distorted sound and modulating it with the Vapor Trail set to maximum Depth and minimum Rate for some broken tape machine effects. There’s a lot of sounds to be achieved by throwing your favorite pedals in the loop and seeing what you can come up with.
The Vapor Trail’s delay time indicator LED in the Delay knob is nice touch and gives you handy visual feedback in a live situation. It’s another one of the subtle little features that shows the folks at Seymour Duncan really thought this pedal through in terms of features. Some guitarists don’t need tap tempo but will appreciate having this little visual indicator of where your delay is set before kicking on the pedal.
Quite frankly, the Vapor Trail is so good that there just really isn’t much to complain about. If I had to nitpick, I’d suggest moving the footswitch closer to the end of the pedal for easier access with less possibility of hitting the knobs with your foot onstage. There’s certainly room inside the pedal to switch the battery compartment and footswitch positions. But that minor criticism pales in light of just how good this pedal sounds. Before you drop your hard-earned money on a comparably priced analog delay pedal, you need to try the Vapor Trail. You’ll be glad you did.
The Seymour Duncan Vapor Trail has essentially upped the ante among affordable, space efficient, and quality sounding analog delay pedals. With this and their fantastic 805 Overdrive, I predict Seymour Duncan is going to keep making waves in the pedal game. Let’s see the final result.
The Seymour Duncan Vapor Trail has set a new standard for an affordable, high-quality analog delay pedal. The Vapor Trail sounds pristine and warm, with a beautiful vintage-inspired tone. Thanks to Seymour Duncan’s use of quality components, the Vapor Trail sounds remarkably clear, free of the background noise and hiss suffered by many old-school analog delay pedals. The modulation (with convenient surface controls), TRS send and return jack, and handy LED delay indicator further stand to set this pedal apart from the crowd. If you’re in the market for the best analog delay pedal that’s affordably priced and has premium tone, definitely audition the Seymour Duncan Vapor Trail.
That concludes our Seymour Duncan Vapor Trail review. Thanks for reading.
Want to buy the Seymour Duncan Vapor Trail?
July 4, 2015 at 12:19 pm
Dat lofi sound :O
September 18, 2014 at 7:17 am
This review made me curious enough to track one down at a local music store. You’re absolutely right. This is a great sounding pedal. I prefer it to the carbon copy (just sold mine). The repeats sounded nice and clean and warm to me. And the ability to tweak the modulation depth and rate was so nice – now I’m going to expect that on every delay pedal! haha
March 19, 2014 at 9:03 pm
cool sounding pedal to get that van halen cathedral effect


Connectivity in Autonomous Systems
The automotive industry is undergoing an unprecedented revolution, as manufacturers race to develop Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric (CASE) mobility solutions. RTI is used by the world’s leading manufacturers to connect their high-performance applications in connected cars and autonomous vehicles, with faster go to market and lower development costs.
As the only standards-based solution that can meet the industry’s stringent safety, security and performance requirements, RTI Connext Drive is being adopted by manufacturers around the world. Additionally, RTI is working with industry standard organizations, such as AUTOSAR and ROS who are building automotive frameworks and platforms on top of the DDS Standard.
Demand for Revolutionary Architecture
An industry revolution needs a revolutionary technology. Auto manufacturers are now competing on software and require an advanced technology architecture to develop compelling systems. RTI Connext Drive delivers the connectivity software framework and middleware required, from on-vehicle to connected car applications. RTI has a long history delivering mission and safety-critical applications for the world’s largest, most complex industrial applications.
Learn how RTI Connext Drive is proven to connect and secure distributed real-time systems across the Automotive industry.
RTI Connext Drive is the only connectivity framework that meets the requirements of highly and fully autonomous systems, and is proven in operational safety-critical, multi-billion dollar product lines.
Connext Drive tracks the positions of mobile systems throughout the world. It monitors key parameters and provides real-time insight for more efficient fleet management and asset tracking.
A modern car contains hundreds of electronic modules and processors that must be tested by feeding realistic data to actual components. Scalable test environments for the connected and autonomous car are built with Connext Drive.
Leading automotive manufacturers rely on RTI’s deep experience to provide a connectivity framework that meets the performance, safety and security requirements of the automotive industry.
RTI Connext Drive
The first complete automotive-grade connectivity solution for autonomous vehicle development.
Integrating Connext DDS with AUTOSAR
RTI Automotive Application Engineer Emilio Guijarro discusses the direct integration of AUTOSAR...
The Overarching Challenge for Autonomous Vehicles: Designing for a Future of Unknowns
Read this white paper to uncover the three major design challenges facing architects, engineering...
Autonomous Vehicles: From Concept to Reality
Autonomous Systems expert Bob Leigh kicks off the first episode of a five-part automotive podcast...
Using XML Application Creation to Simplify Development in RTI Connext DDS Micro
Aired September 25, 2019


ASMODUS – OHMSMIUM
The Ohmsmium is Asmodus’ stylish new single 18650 box mod with a maximum output of 80W and accurate temperature control with the inclusion of the GX80 Chip. The ergonomic chassis has been expertly designed and features a curved, radiant design that sits perfectly in hand. The body of the mod is made from an extremely solid and immensely durable zinc alloy with stainless steel. Asmodus have put it to the test and shared the results online. Even a golf club failed to break it, check out the video here.
The 510 connection is spring-loaded to suit any tank/RDA and the gold plated pin ensures maximum conductivity. On the control face, the large stainless steel fire button is perfectly positioned and sits above the bright OLED screen which displays all the mods current information including resistance, voltage, battery percentage, wattage/temperature, mode and puff time.
The Ohmsmium’s GX80 chip provides temperature control functionality from 200°F to 600°F/100－300℃. The GX80 features five different working modes: Bypass, power and three variable temperature control modes. Temperature Control mode can be used with Titanium (Ti), Nickel (Ni200) and Stainless steel (SS316) coil based wires and has the ability to fire coils with resistances as low as 0.08Ω to accommodate a wide variety of builds.
The Ohmsmium utilises a single removable 18650 battery (not included) and includes charging through the device via the micro USB port which supports pass-through “vape whilst charging” functionality. The 18650 battery is held firmly in place by the threaded battery cover that provides a firm connection with easy access and 4 holes for battery ventilation. Asmodus have included all of the safety features we have come to expect in any regulated device including, but not limited to, short circuit, low voltage and high temperature protection.
As small compact single 18650 mods go, the Ohmsmium has to be our favourite to date (06/07/16). It’s durability and weightiness in-hand provides an immediate gain of trust and reliability, not to mention it looks and feels great. As a small compact everyday pocket mod, the Ohmsmium has it all.
IN THE BOX
The Ohmsmium by Asmodus comes boxed with a USB charging cable, and a user manual.
|| 25mm x 43mm x 81mm
||Removable Single 18650 (not included)
|Rated Output Wattage
||1W – 80W
|Rated Resistance VW Mode
||0.08Ω – 3.0Ω
|Rated Resistance TC Mode
||0.08Ω – 2.0Ω
|Temperature Range in TC Mode
|TC Compatible With
||Ni200, Ti & SS316


Book reviewed by admin
OUR RATING CRITERIA
- 1 - Not recommended for reading.
- 2 - Somewhat engaging, book is just OK.
- 3 - Pretty engaging, good book.
- 4 - Engaging, very good book.
- 5 - Really engaging, excellent book.
Introduction to Networks Companion Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Introduction to Networks course in the Cisco® Networking Academy® CCNA® Routing and Switching curriculum.
The course introduces the architecture, structure, functions, components, and models of the Internet and computer networks. The principles of IP addressing and fundamentals of Ethernet concepts, media, and operations are introduced to provide a foundation for the curriculum. By the end of the course, you will be able to build simple LANs, perform basic configurations for routers and switches, and implement IP addressing schemes.
The Companion Guide is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the course and organize your time.
The book’s features help you focus on important concepts to succeed in this course:
Introduction to Networks Lab Manual
This book is part of the Cisco Networking Academy Series from Cisco Press®. Books in this series support and complement the Cisco Networking Academy curriculum.
Title: Introduction to Networks Companion Guide
Author: Cisco Networking Academy
Length: 720 Pages
Publication Date: 2013-12-30


There are a lot of changes how we used technology over the past years. In fact, if you will compare what we used to have, technology allowed us to enjoy different things cheaper. For instance, 1gig of memory 20 years back would be so expensive. To think that a lot of technology that we have today is durable and compact, this is certainly not the case years back.
History of USB
Our standard USB device is a game changer for a lot of technologies that we currently have. Let’s look at the history of USBs to understand what it has brought us. The concept of the USB or universal serial bus is a standardized interface that you could plug and play without having to shut down the device.
USB Implementers Forum was the very first company to ever introduce the USBs in our modern world. USB Implementers Forum is a non-profit organization with the goal of improving the technology sector. The first version of the USB has been seen in 1994 and was later changed in 1998. It was in the year 2000 when the 480 mbps USB2.0 was out in the market. Today, there are many portable devices that can operate on a USB. This allows low power requirements to operate as it could also charge once it attaches to a plug or a computer.
Benefits of the USB Devices
There are many benefits to a USB device. In fact, it has been known that USB devices can reduce the bulk of things that we have. For instance, do you even realize how many movies can one hard drive store these days? That would mean stacks of DVDs if you are going to look at it.
Also, another benefit of USB devices is that you can easily set it up on a computer. There are devices which already have their own drivers within the system wherein there is no need for a separate disc. The computer automatically installs the drive that you could use.
There is also the technology of micro usb. What is micro USB? A micro USB is a smaller type of USB that is commonly found on cell phones. With this technology, it has allowed users to enjoy pocket sized phone designs which are also implemented in different mobile devices. Since it is half as thick as the regular USB sockets, you can have a very thin device which could then be connected to the PC or laptop for charging or for storing information.
There are different technologies today that are now compact thanks to the aid of USB and micro USB devices. If not for these technologies, people will still be carrying bulk items such as CDs that would install the drivers. What the USB technology did is to provide an alternative for different scenarios. And lastly, powering the USB devices can be easy. As long as you have the low cost cable, you can already get your own connection and have the device charged, transfer information, not to mention it is something small and compact.


Power Generation & Storage
TFP have developed a range of materials specifically designed
for use in both established and emerging power generation &
storage systems. The typical applications for these include
battery separators and electrodes for fuel cells.
Lead acid battery
TFP produce a variety of nonwoven glass
products which have been designed to meet the requirements of lead
acid battery systems. These materials are suitable for use as
separators, slip sheets, pasting papers and glass retainer mats
and, like all TFP nonwovens, their design & properties can be
tailored to meet individual needs.
A range of separator products suitable for use in Lithium
batteries is also available. These materials are based on
glass fibre, but can incorporate other fibres such
as quartz, alumina and high performance organic
fibres to achieve the required performance
The electrical conductivity and chemical resistance of our
carbon fibre materials make them ideal for use in
fuel cell assemblies, where they form the base material for
carbon/carbon composite electrodes or perform as separators.
We are a leading supplier of these products to the phosphoric
acid fuel cells (PAFC) market and are actively involved in
developing the next generation of gas diffusion media (GDM) for
both Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells and Direct Methanol
fuel cells (DMFC). This latter development work is carried out in
collaboration with Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells.


Google has taken the initiative of introducing a newly redesigned version of Google Trends that will render the real time information and data to the service. According to the reliable reports, the new tool has the potential to modify and transform the ways and means the media channels and the researchers offer or present the stories. In order to predict the viral content perfectly the Google Trends are considered to be beneficial and useful.
The real time data tool will be available in many more countries soon
With the use of the real time data tool, the users get the opportunity to access as many as 100 billion searches taking place on Google every month. The tool is known to combine or blend the information and data drew out of both Google News and YouTube. The best part about this amazing tool is that currently it is available in 28 nations and the numbers will increase in the coming years.
Journalists from all over the world play a vital role
With the help of a video the Google News Lab has tried to explain the principle behind the focus on the data based story telling. The posted video consists of journalists from a wide array of organizations that explains the reason for data driven journalism that is important or essential in the current scenario. There are reports that the feature has been under experimentation and testing mode across a plethora of searches and they seem to accurate and perfect.


Sony Electronics has announced the new Bravia XR TV series, including the Master Series Z9K 8K and X95K 4K Mini LED models, the Master Series A95K, A80K 4K OLED and X90K 4K LED models.
Powered by the XR Cognitive Processor, the unique XR Backlight Master Reader precisely controls the latest generation Z9K and X95K Series Mini LED backlight for incredible brightness. Viewers can enjoy unprecedented dynamic range with dazzling lights and deep blacks, as well as natural midtones with almost no reflections or halos around highlights.
The XR Cognitive Processor also powers the A95K’s new OLED (QD-OLED) panel with XR Triluminos Max, which offers Sony’s widest color palette and naturally reproduces beautiful shades and hues. With millions of self-illuminating individual pixels, the A95K delivers more color than ever for a whole new viewing experience.
“These new innovations help us deliver the best and most immersive viewing experiences, authentically delivering the true intent of the creator,” a press release said. “When watching movies, viewers can experience our enhanced Acoustic Surface Audio + for OLED models and Acoustic Multi-Audio for LED models, precisely matching the position of sound with on-screen images for an audio experience. / truly immersive visual. “
The line also includes new features that personalize and enhance home entertainment.
In collaboration with Netflix, Sony launched Netflix Adaptive Calibrated Mode, which automatically adjusts image processing based on ambient light, so that users’ favorite shows and movies look like the creator’s intention, in all conditions. In addition, Sony’s new Bravia Core calibrated mode will automatically adjust the quality of the image on the screen to better align it with the original vision of the video creator.
All Bravia XR 2022 TVs are designated as ‘Perfect for PlayStation 5’, which includes two PS5 exclusive features: automatic HDR tone mapping and automatic genre picture mode.
“Sony is committed to providing the best viewing experience possible, regardless of home environment or content selection,” said Takakiyo Fujita, general manager, Sony Middle East and Africa. “With best-in-class picture and sound quality, our new TVs enhance any streaming and gaming content on screen to create a powerfully immersive big-screen experience. “
This year Sony is also introducing a newly developed original camera, Bravia Cam, which recognizes where users are sitting and optimizes picture and sound accordingly. It includes gesture controls, video chat, and other new experiences waiting to be explored.
With the growing demand for even larger TV screens, there is also a risk of increased resource and energy use. However, Sony is committed to ensuring the sustainability of the development process until the visual experience.
Sony’s “Road to Zero” global environmental plan aims to achieve a sustainable society by achieving a zero environmental footprint throughout the lifecycle of its products and business activities by 2050. With these goals to the spirit, the company’s 2022 televisions use a high content of recycled plastic. with Sorplas developed by Sony.
“By using Sorplas, we have increased our use of recycled materials without sacrificing design and durability and reduced the overall use of virgin plastic by up to 60%, which equates to approximately 140,000,000 compact discs,” said the society.
Additionally, Sony’s Bravia camera can recognize when viewers are no longer in front of the TV and dim the screen to save power.


Wet processes in the atmosphere, such as clouds and precipitation, have a strong impact on the concentrations and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols. New findings from the study show that when air masses travel to the SMEAR II research station located in a rural boreal forest site in Finland in northern Europe, the concentrations of chemical species contained in the particles (such as sulphate, black carbon and organics) significantly decrease upon a precipitation event, i.e., rain. The derived removal rate of sulphate from the atmosphere was dependent on the season, whereas organics and black carbon were reduced more evenly, regardless of the season. The researchers also observed that a significant amount of sulphate mass is formed in non-precipitating clouds, and they could determine the particle size to which the sulphate formed is distributed.
The researchers utilised long time series of aerosols concentrations measured in the SMEAR II research station, and air mass trajectories arriving to the measurement station, calculated from the HYSPLIT trajectory model.
The results can, among other things, improve the ability of climate models to estimate the transport of aerosols to different areas, and thus better estimate the number of aerosols on the planet. Current climate models have major inaccuracies especially in the transport of aerosols to the Arctic region. This is reflected as uncertainty in climate models when assessing the impact of aerosols on the Arctic climate, which is particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change.
Isokääntä, S., Kim, P., Mikkonen, S., Kühn, T., Kokkola, H., Yli-Juuti, T., Heikkinen, L., Luoma, K., Petäjä, T., Kipling, Z., Partridge, D., and Virtanen, A.: The effect of clouds and precipitation on the aerosol concentrations and composition in a boreal forest environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11823–11843, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11823-2022, 2022.
For further information, please contact:
Sini Isokääntä, Doctoral Researcher
Annele Virtanen, Professor


The biggest tech breakthrough in the past decade isn’t what many people would think and that’s because it is something that many of us use every day without even thinking. It isn’t our smartphones, in fact, it isn’t a piece of hardware at all. No, the biggest tech breakthrough in the past decade is actually cloud technology.
At some point, almost every person that works on or around computer systems has uploaded something to the cloud. Many of us routinely upload and download information to the cloud every day and do so without issue. That is because the cloud platforms that are available to us do what they are supposed to do without fail. Cloud technology is easy to use and easy to understand making it one of the most important tech breakthroughs and one that is here to stay.
But what about the future of cloud technology? Can it get any better than it is and what will cloud technology growth look like? Let’s take a closer look at the future growth of cloud technology and see what changes will affect us the most.
The Growth Of Cloud Technology
More Users- cloud technology is already being used by businesses all over the world, but we will see that number double as more enterprises will adopt cloud applications, platforms and services.
Increased Spending- we will see an increase in cloud computing spending by more than 6 times the rate of IT spending with almost 50% of IT spending being cloud related.
Increased Growth In Cloud Solutions- with the expected increase in cloud computing growth through 2020, we will also see an increase in the growth of cloud computing solutions including:
- Software as a Service (SaaS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- Function as a service (FaaS)
- Backend as a service (BaaS)
Increase In Cloud Storage Capacity- currently, global cloud storage is just under 400 EB (Exabyte) and that number is expected to increase causing cloud storage capacity to grow to well over 1.1 ZB (Zettabyte) by 2020.
Increase In Server-Less Cloud Computing- server-less technology which enables developers to build and run application services without managing any server or infrastructure is expected to grow meaning we will see a growing trend towards Server-less Cloud Computing. This will improve both efficiency and ease of use.
Contact The IT Experts At IDPP
To learn more about cloud computing and how it can make your IT or telecom related computing faster and more efficient, contact the IT experts at IDPP today!
If you enjoyed this article, please feel free to share it on your favorite social media sites.


Free chat in chennai adult feeling girls - Allocating updatings
A method according to claim 1, wherein said step for estimating a radio-electric cover is preceded by a step for the determining a model of propagation, taking account of radio-electric field values estimated by computation.28.
Certain tools also take account of the traffic aspects.
However, in this case, this is done only statically: all that these tools process is the integration of distribution of traffic measured.
particularly the determining of the geographical location of the transmitters and of their technical characteristics so as to achieve optimum compliance with a certain number of constraints (such as geographical coverage, bit rate etc.).
The method of the invention can be applied to any type of cellular network.
The values of the parameters of this model are obtained by the standard method of statistical regression on the basis of field measurements.
It is then possible to determine the radio coverage of the network for this model.Hereinafter, and without thereby restricting the scope of the invention, it is essentially the case of radiotelephony that will be considered.Indeed, an efficient solution to the problem of the growing number of radiotelephone subscribers is the introduction of a cellular-architecture based system of radio communications with the mobile units. Description of the Prior Art In such systems, the territory to be covered is cut up into zones or sectors known as cells.This entails the assumption that the network is already operational, and permits only second-level modifications.If a base station is entrusted with managing a flow of traffic that is excessive for its configuration, then the engineering has to be modified locally.A especially promising field of application is that of radiotelephony with mobile units, whether these are analog systems such as the "Radiotom 2000 Haute Density" (registered mark) system or digital systems such as the European GSM (Group Special Mobile) system.


At 2016’s Mobile World Congress, LG delighted and surprised tech enthusiasts with a bunch of cool items, including its Rolling Bot. The smartphone-guided spherical robot moves around much like the lovable BB-8 in Star Wars: The Force Awakens and, like that droid, comes with some secret features that will make you say, “This is the droid I’m looking for.”
Equipped with a laser pointer and camera, this quirky little bot can do more than just entertain your cat (although that seems to be more what its geared for), it can let you remotely monitor your home thanks to a Wi-Fi connectable IP camera that streams through LG’s G5. Imagine that, having your very own robot security guard that moves around your house, checking every room for trouble. That’s a pretty cool thing if you ask me. Okay sure, it can’t actually do anything if an intruder does break in—and yeah, it can’t handle stairs—but it’s still a big step (or in this case, roll) in the direction of an Asimovian future.
Much smaller than BB-8, the LG Rolling Bot Bot is 7.87 inches in diameter and while it doesn’t come with a blowtorch, it does include that cat-taunting laser pointer (get ready Internet!), a microphone and speaker, an infrared remote sensor, and an 8-megapixel camera. It also has an external microSD slot so that you can increase its storage space and connect to the Internet via Wi-Fi.
LG’s Droid provides spying on cell phone without installing software mobile surveillance via the LG Friends App. Its camera can scan fifteen degrees up or down—giving you the ability to scope out what your cat is doing up on the counter or under your bed. But LG claims the bot can and will do more than just that. According a report from the Verge.com, “Once connected, the little drone can remotely control your TV, audio equipment, and air conditioner, or it can use a laser light to distract your pet. With an integrated camera that can shoot 1080p video or 8-megapixel stills, 512MB of RAM, and a bundled 16GB microSD card, the Rolling Bot actually has quite a respectable spec sheet.” And while the site jokes that you can strike up a remote conversation with your cat through the built-in microphone and speaker, the fact remains that that option of listening and talking to someone in the droid’s vicinity is a pretty useful and super cool thing.
The LG G5 is said to be making its way to consumers in April of this year, but their Rolling Bot doesn’t “roll out” until about 6 months later. How much the robot will cost is anyone’s guess right now—LG hasn’t announced a price as of yet. One thing is for sure, geeks, techies, and home security dabblers the world over are pretty excited for this little guy’s release and what comes after.


Home > Projects > Solar Power Plant Commercial
Elecssol provides a range of customized solar PV installation from concept and design to commissioning for residential and commercial application .These installation can be designed based on the need of the customer and installed at site by out experts. The scope will include system design, material specification, Plant Layout, supply of component, system integration /installation and commissioning.
Solar PV based off grid power plant consists of PV array which generates DC electricity from sunlight, a battery bank to store the DC energy and an inverter to convert from DC to utility grave AC electricity. These plants are available in two configurations a "Hybrid" that uses diesel generator/Mains to supplement battery charging, and a "Stand Alone" without a generator.. Custom configurations for specific voltage or power requirements are available for a reliable power source in any remote application.
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Spain, Catalunya [Cataluña], BarcelonaFusion 4 Energy
We are looking for a Software Engineer on behalf of and in support to our client for their location in Barcelona, Spain.
The successful applicant will be employed by ATG Europe and will be working onsite at our Client’s location.
The successful candidate will be tasked with, but not limited to:
- Support in test specification and test execution for HMI software applications to control and monitor robotics equipment, and for robotics controller software;
- Support in the development of HMI applications using Qty and of Robotics control applications on LINUX and VxWorks;
- Support with the maintenance of the F4E Remote Handling Control System software platform;
- Support with requirements management and verification;
- Specifications of software design, development, and testing activities for Remote Handling software applications;
- Follow-up and verification of software design;
- Performing technical reports on relevant fields.
- BEng in industrial, mechanical, electrical, aerospace or nuclear engineering (or equivalent) with minimum 3 years of relevant working experience;
- Software development experience in C, C++ programming languages with VxWorks and LINUX experience;
- Software Specification, Design, Verification and Validation experience;
- Software Testing design, specification and execution experience at Unit, Integration, System level for automation machinery or robotics systems;
- Experience with software requirements design and management using specialized tools as DOORS;
- Experience with designing and applying industrial coding standards (e.g. MISRA);
- Experience in the development of Graphical User Interfaces with Qty®;
- Experience in the development of control system applications for robotics or automation;
- Knowledge and experience of Eclipse Redmine, Bugzilla, Eclipse;
- Previous experience in the nuclear environment is considered an asset;
- Proficiency in English, both written and spoken;
- Candidates must be eligible to live and work in the EU.
Your application has been successfully submitted! For any additional question you might have, don't hesitate to reach out to us through our social media channels or contact us at email@example.com


When considering the intersection of Roots of Trust and the accessibility of services provided by cloud architecture, reliable options quickly become scarce. That is why we at Fornetix are excited to see nCipher launch their “nShield as a Service” (nSaaS) offering. With the combination of Internet of Things (IoT) based technologies and the embracing of “as a Service” cloud capabilities, there is a growing need for HSM services that can be provisioned and integrated with cloud principles while not belonging to a specific cloud vendor. At Fornetix, we built our technology to play to the middle, enabling public, private, and hybrid cloud solutions. We are excited to see nCipher’s nSaaS solution parallel our own. We believe the joint approach will help customers embrace effective use of cryptography no matter how they use technology, whether it be cloud first/cloud native, hybrid cloud, or private cloud.
Olympic high diving requires concentration and self-control. Before divers jump off a 10-meter platform, they pause at the edge and concentrate on their goal: elegantly perform the acrobatic maneuver and gracefully pierce the water causing minimum surface disturbance. This same disciplined approach is required when adopting new and revolutionary technologies, such as those now available through the Internet of Things (IoT). Decision makers must assess the risks and benefits, consider potential difficulties, and then take the jump.
Key encryption managers have very clear differences from Hardware Security Modules (HSMs.) The main differences reside in how the HSM encryption keys can be used by a Key Manager or HSM. There are other more important differentiators, however, let’s start with how encryption key managers leverage open standards, like the Key Management Interoperability Protocol (KMIP), and what exactly an HSM is.


My name is Stanko Kružić. I work as postdoctoral researcher at University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture (FESB). The area of my scientific interest, and the focus of my research is on applications of deep learning on autonomous mobile robotic manipulators, which is at the intersection of several very interesting engineering fields: mobile robotics, robotic manipulators, human-robot interaction, artificial intelligence and computer vision.
Bilateral project funded by DAAD (Germany) and Croatian Ministry of Science and Education.
Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Sankt Augustin, NRW, Germany
University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture (FESB), Split, Croatia
RONNI aims the promotion of application of Robotics and Information and Communication Technologies (R&ICT) in education in order to overcome learning difficulties and raise the educational level of the young generation of the citizens. New innovative teaching strategies and methodologies transferable across the region will be proposed to support effective learning.
Institute of Robotics (IR-BAS), Sofia, BULGARIA
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology (EMaTTech), Kavala, Greece
University of Split (US), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture (FESB), Split, Republic of Croatia


F ollowing are short excerpts and abstratcs of journals and proceedings. Initially it may seem that some of my earlier work is about music. Its actually about artificial intelligence in sinusoidal waves. Music was simply used because its easy to recreate wave forms in precisie forms. For example to make code a machine to learn the difference between a clarinet and an oboe play a certain note, has many mathematical impications in terms of clasiffication rules.. Once honed in musical waves one can apply said mathematics to the wave forms of earthquakes, financial and political trends, radio waves, electrical waves, magnetic waves, and of course, the types if waves I focused my mathematical theory of machine intelligence on - EEG waves in the domain of computational neuroscience.
R. Lewis, C. Mello, Y. Zhuang, M. K. -C. Yeh, Y. Yan, D. Gopstein. “Rough Sets: Visually Discerning Neurological Functionality During Thought Processes.” The 24th Int. Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, (ISMIS ‘18), 29th – 31st October, St. Raphael, Limassol, 2018.
Abstract. The central aim of this paper is to test and illustrate the viability of utilizing Rough Set Theory to visualize neurological events that occur when a human is thinking very intensely to solve a problem or, conversely, solving a trivial problem with little to no effort. Since humans solve complex problems by leveraging synapses from a distributed neural network in the frontal and parietal lobe, which is a diffcult portion of the brain to research, it has been a challenge for the neuroscience community to functionally measure how intensely a subject is thinking while trying to solve a problem. Herein, we present our research of optimizing machine intelligence to visually illustrate when members of our cohort experienced misunderstandings and challenges during periods where they read and comprehended short code snippets. This research is a continuation of the authors' research efforts to use Rough Sets and artificial intelligence to deliver a system that will eventually visually illustrate deception. ISMIS 18 Cyprus. Springer Paper. Video, Video , Video .


This project aims at developing and exploiting actuation technologies for a new generation of robots that can co-exist and co-operate with people and get much closer to the human manipulation and locomotion performance than today\x92s robots do. At the same time these robots are expected to be safe, in the sense that interacting with them should not constitute a higher injury risk to humans than the interaction with another cautious human. This requires that robots with similar size and mass as the humans also have comparable power, strength, velocity and interaction compliance.
This ambitious goal can, however, not be achieved with the existing robot technology, in which the robots are designed primarily as rigid position or torque sources and most interaction skills are imposed by virtue of control software. Also, conventional robots in which interaction is controlled by software only, could not avoid an impact to damage the robot and possibly the human neighbour, as the controller will react with some delay. This project will develop both a solid theoretical understanding and the enabling technologies for the design of a new generation of robot actuator systems, capable of embodying the physical principles which shape the robot behaviour.
The focus of the work will be on achieving different abilities, in particular:
- Efficiency (e.g. natural gait generation and adaptation in legged locomotion applications);
- Robustness to external perturbations and unpredictable model errors (changes) of the environment, of the robot kinematics and dynamics, or of the dynamics of a human interacting with;
- Adaptability and force accuracy in the interaction with the operator, in applications in which continuous contact and accurate force exchange is necessary, such as in \x93hands-on\x94 assistive devices, rehabilitation, exoskeletons and haptics;
- Safety to humans (and resilience to self-damage) in operations where the robot is required positional accuracy and swiftness of motion, while cooperating, physically interacting or even possibly colliding with the humans and their environment, such as e.g. in collaborative robotics.
To tackle this goal, this project uses the concept of Variable Impedance Actuation. The key innovation of the project is the development, exploitation and integration of Variable Impedance Actuator Systems both in manipulation, locomotion and rehabilitation.
For developing these new kinds of actuator systems, it is critical to understand in depth the mechanisms by which the efficiency, motion performance, and safety are obtained in biological systems and in particular by humans.
Taking the state of the art in artificial muscles into account, our major goal is not bio-mimesis per se, but rather to develop actuation systems with similar functional properties as the neuro-mechanical system in humans. In other terms, a part of the necessary intelligence has to be embedded (embodied) in the systems themselves, which should be able to passively (or almost passively) be safe, efficient, compliant, etc.
This idea will be approached on three levels within the project:
- The first objective is to work out the physical and biological principles which will constitute the bases of the mentioned shift of paradigm in embodiment, design and control.
- The gained knowledge will be then used to design new robot actuators following these principles. The approach should result in a very innovative kind of robots, in which much of the motion intelligence is embodied in the morphology of the structure. This will also result in conceptual new paradigms for control to tune compliance, enforce safety and strongly improve energy efficiency.
- The fundamentals elaborated as described above, will be applied and evaluated to three
distinct application aspects, namely robotic manipulation, bipedal locomotion, and rehabilitation robots.
Several partner labs already have first prototypes of variable impedance actuated systems available or under development within predecessor projects which will be used as early evaluation platforms for the
mentioned application areas. Of particular relevance here is the FP6 PHRIENDS project (www.phriends.eu), which is widely recognized as a worldwide pioneer of the variable stiffness actuation approach to safe and dependable robotics, and whose legacy of highly innovative results will be inherited and capitalized upon by VIACTORS.


Firefly - Specifications
- a firefly circuit;
- a transistor (2N3904);
- resistors (5 kOhm and 1.2 Ohm);
- an LDR (photo resistor);
- 2 x (1.5-volt battery x 4);
- a 9-volt battery;
- a 3.8-volt lamp.
A flashing light circuit is attached in each firefly. The male firefly will flash a light every 3
seconds while the female firefly will flash a light every 2 seconds. The interval of the light
flashing can be adjusted by turning the potentiometer soldered on the circuit board. The
LDR has to be at place where it can detect a change of light (in this set-up, it would be right
below the provided light source. This work works best at a dark place.


Our vision is to enable the right plan for every smartphone subscriber through empowering wireless carriers to be agile service providers.
2.5 Billion people are unbanked and 4.4 Billion have yet to get online. Data is the fuel that powers information through our smartphones. AirFox strives to enable mobile data access for all. We have a vision where mobile data is affordable and anyone can access an open, egalitarian internet on their smartphones.
Our smartphones have the power to transform lives yet around the world people are constrained by the cost of data. AirFox is releasing the pent up demand for mobile data through smart technology that enables wireless carriers to drive data control with a better experience and greater affordability.


Handheld Slidable Metal Detection and Simultaneous Printer (Electrical Patents)
The disclosed technology includes a device and method of use for direct printing and ink or other marking, in conjunction with GPR techniques. In a most basic embodiment of the disclosed technology, a relevant date, time, filename, and other parameters are printed or otherwise physically exhibited on the measurement surface, so that RADAR files can be later attributed to a specific data collection site. In a more advanced embodiment of the disclosed technology, actual RADAR target information is printed, or otherwise physically exhibited, on the measurement surface, such as while measuring, or substantially while measuring, the surface and substrate beneath with GPR.
1. A RADAR transmission and marking device, comprising: a distance measurement tool attached to said RADAR transmission and marking device measuring a distance traveled for said RADAR transmission and marking device from a starting point to a second point; and a printing mechanism; wherein said printing mechanism prints indicia on a surface in contact with said device at the same time as said transmission and marking device is moving and as a function of a received response of said radar antenna such that said printing mechanism is instructed to print in a manner that said indicia on said surface matches a location, determined by way of said distance measurement tool and said radar antenna of said received response.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein said device is moved across said surface while a radio frequency signal is transmitted and received by said radar antenna and said printing mechanism makes indicia on said surface.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein said printing mechanism prints indicia based on target detection at a specific location due to said received response of said antenna being above a minimum electrical response per unit area, causing said printing mechanism to automatically print indicia as said printing mechanism passes over said target.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein said printing mechanism prints on a location where said target is detected based on at least two of velocity of movement of said device, processing time, and position of said printing mechanism relative to said antenna.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein before sending instructions for printing said indicia, said device exhibits a prompt to a user to accept said target, and said device prints said indicia only after receiving input from said user to accept said target.
6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a screen exhibiting a visual representation of said received response of said radar antenna.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein upon receipt of input from a user: a determination of a point on said surface associated with a part of said visual representation of said received response on said display is stored on a storage device; and said print mechanism is instructed to make an indicium on said surface at said point.
8. The device of claim 7, further comprising wheels on said device which move said device from a first position on said surface to a second position on said surface said distance between said first and second position based, at least in part, on a distance between said antenna and said print head.
9. A method of using the device of claim 2, wherein said radio frequency sending and receiving by said antenna is carried out in a first pass over said surface, and said indicia are placed on said surface in a second pass over said surface, said antenna being non-operative in said second pass, and said printing mechanism being non-operative in said first pass.
10. A method of marking a surface, based on RADAR measurements, comprising the steps of: moving a combination radio frequency transmitter and printing mechanism device from a start point to an end point; transmitting radar signals by way of said transmitter into a substrate beneath a surface; making a determination of at least one target in said substrate beneath a point of said surface; measuring a distance of movement from said one target using a distance measuring tool; printing, using said printing mechanism, a mark at said point on said surface while said combination radio frequency transmitter and printing mechanism device is moving from said start point to said end point and said printing mechanism prints while passing over said location on said surface based on print speed of said printing mechanism and said measuring of distance from said target.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said step of making a determination of a target is made automatically, using migration.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein, after said step of making a determination and before said step of printing, further steps are carried out, in order, of: prompting a user if a marking should be made on said target; receiving an input from said user indicating that a marking should be made on said target.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein said printing mechanism is an inkjet print head.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein: said radio frequency transmitter and said printing mechanism are spaced apart, such that when said radio frequency transmitter measures said point with said target being beneath, said printing mechanism is at a second point on said surface, separate from said measured point; and said printing mechanism moves, due to said moving, to said point with said target said target is marked.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising a step of waiting until said printing mechanism passes over said measured point, with said target being underneath, until carrying said further step of printing.
16. A device comprising: a print head; a radar transmitter; wherein while said device is moved over a surface, based on a response to said transmitted said radar, said print head prints at a location of said response simultaneous to continued said transmitted said radar.
17. The device of claim 16, comprising an automatic measurement and marking mode of a surface adjacent to said button side of said device.
18. The device of claim 16, comprising a semi-automatic measurement and marking mode of a surface adjacent to said button side of said device.
19. The device of claim 16, comprising a manual measurement and marking mode of a surface adjacent to said button side of said device.
20. The device of claim 16, wherein said distance measurement tool is a a survey wheel encoder, and said indicia printed as a function of a received response to said radar antenna is printed at said location based on output of said survey wheel encoder.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSED TECHNOLOGY
The disclosed technology relates generally to ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and, more specifically, to a technique for displaying GPR data.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSED TECHNOLOGY
GPR, or ground-penetrating RADAR (where RADAR is "RAdio Detection and Ranging"), is a technology used to assess the composition and location of heterogeneous materials. GPR uses common radio frequencies and is particularly useful in that it is both non-destructive and non-ionizing. In fact, GPR uses frequencies similar to those of a cellular phone, but at far lower power levels. Common applications include locating the precise position of rebar (short for "reinforcing bar") within a concrete wall/floor, identifying and locating buried objects underground, assessing the quality and uniformity of an asphalt or concrete highway surface, and detecting deterioration on bridge decks. In road surface applications, GPR is used, for example, to detect cracks, fissures, or contamination in any one of the chip seal, pavement layers, gravel base, and so forth. In many roadway applications, a resolution of features of the road surface of less than one inch (2.54 cm) is desired. Such systems may be mounted on vehicles, traveling over the surface while acquiring measurement data. GPR systems are disclosed in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,029 to Bashforth, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,384,715 to Lytton, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
For concrete measurements, GPR is used to locate metallic and non-metallic targets, as well as detect changes in the material properties and voids. Common surfaces include the walls, floors, ceilings, columns, and other support structures of buildings, parking garages, and bridges. Applications include mapping deterioration, water-ingress, verifying proper placement of reinforcements and tensioning cables, measuring slab thickness, and identifying areas in which the material can be safely drilled, cored, or cut.
Hand-held devices containing transducers are used to collect RADAR information. Current GPR imaging techniques produce data that are either 1) displayed as a screen image on the device, either in real-time or post processed, 2) recorded in electronic format for later playback processing, and interpretation, or 3) printed in real-time on some form of paper. In an example of the state of the art, one might attempt to find rebar (short for "reinforcing bar"), conduit, and post-tensioning cables in a concrete building before drilling into the building to carry out repairs or upgrades. In order to do so, one using GPR might pass a RADAR transducer over the surface and record the received response. Locations of targets may be directly interpreted and marked (using chalk or other marking device) at this point, or the information may post-processed for more sophisticated analysis. In either case, it is critical that the user is able to precisely register the location of the RADAR data with the recorded measurement file.
If concurrent or post-processing is performed, one creates a map of the measured surface, either on a computer and/or on a blueprint, with detected positions of buried targets. Then, using this map, one returns to the physical surface and pinpoints where the targets are found, and manually places chalk marks at the position of the rebar. Then, one cuts into the concrete or other surface at places away from the targets. Inaccuracy in this process could lead to accidental damage of critical structural elements within the concrete. For example, the destruction of a post-tensioning cable caused by drilling location that was improperly assessed, could render a parking garage structurally unsafe.
It is a further safety and ergonomic issue that the user(s) must simultaneously position the RADAR transducer while making accurate positioning marks on the measurement surface. In the case of walls and ceilings, this is clearly a two-handed or two-person operation. Two handed operation is generally unsafe while standing on a ladder.
While the above methodology currently used in the art works, it has obvious drawbacks. Such methods can be dangerous, time-consuming, which translates into extra costs of hiring personnel; more problematic, they can be inaccurate. The prior art relies largely on not only user interpretation of data, but user creation or manipulation of position-registered data. The greatest room for error is in manually drawing chalk marks on the physical structure. Any error in recording the location of the measurements or drawing the markings on the structure before drilling may have catastrophic consequences for the project. While careful planning, measurement, drawing, and execution of the above method prevents error, as noted above, safe techniques are time consuming and expensive.
An improvement in the prior art of GPR measurements is needed, in order to reduce hazards, expense, and time taken to analyze and/or prepare a surface for drilling, while increasing accuracy of the process.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSED TECHNOLOGY
Therefore, it is an object of the disclosed technology to provide lower cost tools which more reliably and accurately mark a surface measured with GPR.
It is a further object of the disclosed technology to provide an integrated radar device and printer.
It is yet a further object of the disclosed technology to mark a surface simultaneously. or substantially simultaneously. to the measuring of it, with such markings based on the measurements.
In an embodiment of the disclosed technology, a RADAR transmission and marking device has a bottom side and a top side opposite the bottom side, a radar antenna operative from the bottom side, a processor, a distance measurement tool, and a printing mechanism operative from the bottom side. (In the claim language, a recitation of a plain "device" without any modifier refers to the RADAR transmissions and marking device.) The printing mechanism is configured to print indicia on a surface in contact with the bottom side of the device, as a function of a received response to the radar antenna. "As a function of" is defined as "resulting from the output of, either directly or through one or more steps in-between." Thus, when the print mechanism prints as a function of the radar output, the printing is based on the radar measurement, such as the intensity at a point, and may include intermediate steps, such as user input to confirm printing at a specific point. "Operative from" is defined as a side of a device from which a majority or the entirety of the transmitted signal or ink emanates. A "bottom side" refers to a generally flat (within an acceptable tolerance level known in the art) side with wheels or adapted to be adjacent to a surface to be measured.
The device may be adapted to roll (on wheels, moving at an automated speed or pushed) or simply be pushed across the surface while a radio frequency signal is transmitted and received by the radar antenna. This may be at the same time, or a different time, as the printing mechanism makes indicia on the surface.
The printing of indicia on the surface may be as a result of target detection at a specific location. That is, the printing is carried out on a surface where a target is detected there-under. Upon detection of a target, the printing mechanism makes the indicia, in embodiments of the disclosed technology, calibrated such that the velocity of movement of the device, processing time (time taken for the processor to process data and/or time for the print head to cause indicia to be printed), and position of the printing mechanism relative to the antenna causes the indicia to be printed on a location associated with the target. A "location associated with the target" refers to the surface above the target in-line with the center of measurement of the antenna and target itself.
In one embodiment, before printing the indicia, a user is prompted to accept the target. The indicia are then printed only after receiving input from the user, accepting the target.
A screen on a side other than the bottom side (such as the top side), exhibiting a visual representation of the received response of the radar antenna, may be employed. Upon receipt of an input from a user, a determination of a point on the surface associated with a part of the visual representation (such as the center point of the visual representation) of the received response on the display is made. The print mechanism is then instructed to make an indicium on the surface at this point, either as soon as the print head passes there-over, or as part of a second pass at a later time.
The print mechanism, in embodiments of the disclosed technology, is an ink-jet print head.
In a method of embodiments of the disclosed technology, a surface is marked based on RADAR measurements. This is effectuated through steps of rolling or pushing a combination radio frequency transmitter and printing mechanism device from a start point to an end point, transmitting radar signals by way of the transmitter into a substrate beneath a surface, making a determination of at least one target in the substrate beneath a point of the surface, and printing, using the printing mechanism, a mark at the point on the surface. When "or" is used, it should be interpreted as being "inclusive." Thus, "a or b" should be interpreted as any one of "a," "b," and "a and b."
The above described step of "making a determination of a target" is made automatically, using migration, in embodiments of the disclosed technology. After the step of making a determination and before said step of printing, further steps may be carried out (in a semi-automated mode), in order of a) prompting a user if a marking should be made on the target, and b) receiving an input from the user indicating that a marking should be made on the target.
The radio frequency transmitter and the printing mechanism may be spaced apart, such that when the radio frequency transmitter is over a point with a determined target being beneath, the printing mechanism is at a second point on the surface. A "point on the surface" is defined as "where a device will operate when operating properly." That is, when a transmitter or print head is at or on a point of the surface, this is the central point on which it will transmit radio frequency signals, within an acceptable tolerance level determined by the user or manufacturer of the device, such as within one centimeter. Further, a step of waiting until the printing mechanism passes over the point with the target being beneath, may be carried out until or before carrying out the step of printing.
In another embodiment, a device has a handle on a top side, a display on a top side, at least one button adapted to convert mechanical pressure into electrical impulses, a print head aimed such that ink exiting from the print head exits past a bottom side of the device, opposite the top side, and a radar transmitter aimed such that radar is transmitted, at least, mostly in a direction away from the top side (such as, into a surface to be measured). Such a device may have any one of, or a multiple of, an automatic, semi-automatic, or manual measurement and marking mode, of a surface adjacent to the button side of the device. The definitions for each of these modes may be found in the "Detailed Description" below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a GPR measurement device and printer of an embodiment of the disclosed technology.
FIG. 2 shows an example of GPR data output which is displayed on a display of the GPR measurement device and printer of FIG. 1, in an embodiment of the disclosed technology.
FIG. 3 shows the GPR measurement device and printer of FIG. 1 in use, in an embodiment of the disclosed technology.
FIG. 4 shows top and bottom plan views of the GPR measurement device and printer of FIG. 1, in an embodiment of the disclosed technology.
FIG. 5 shows a high level block diagram of devices used to carry out embodiments of the disclosed technology.
FIG. 6 shows a high-level block diagram of an electrical component's device which may be used to carry out the disclosed technology.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSED TECHNOLOGY
The disclosed technology includes a device and method of use for direct (defined as "on the surface of the measured substrate of a surface") printing and ink or other marking, in conjunction with GPR techniques. In a most basic embodiment of the disclosed technology, a relevant date, time, file name, and other parameters are printed or otherwise physically exhibited on the measurement surface, so that RADAR files can later be attributed to a specific data collection site. In a more advanced embodiment of the disclosed technology, actual RADAR target information is printed, or otherwise physically exhibited, on the measurement surface, such as while measuring, or substantially (defined as, in the same pass or movement of the device from a start point to end point without removing it from touching the surface) while measuring the surface and substrate beneath with GPR.
The direct on-surface RADAR printing of embodiments of the disclosed technology allows a user to automatically, semi-automatically, or manually print target information that is automatically aligned with the position of the RADAR transducer. All three operational modes utilize the device's navigation system, which is, in embodiments, a survey wheel encoder, to ensure that the ink marks are aligned with the target locations. Alignment is a critical element because the location of the printer may be offset some distance from that of the transducer antennas.
"Automatic printing" is defined as being pre-programmed or pre-configured to estimate the location and depth of RADAR target information and driving or operating the printer as a function of the RADAR target information. Either graphical or text information is printed on the measurement surface, whose ink density or displayed semaphores convey information regarding the estimated locations and depths of objects (or lack of objects) in the substrate (defined as any distance under the measurement surface) which detects objects buried within the surface. "Semi-automatic printing" is defined as being pre-programmed or pre-configured to estimate the location and depth of RADAR target information and driving or operating the printer as a function of the RADAR target information, subject to a prompt to a user of the RADAR measuring and printing device to accept a target estimate before the location of that feature is printed on the surface. "Manual printing" is defined as exhibiting RADAR measurements on a display of the RADAR measuring and printing device and printing on the measured surface a marking corresponding to a location shown at a designated point, such as the center, of the display device.
Embodiments of the disclosed technology will become clearer, in view of the following description of the figures.
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a GPR measurement device and printer of an embodiment of the disclosed technology. The device is shown as an example of a combination RADAR measuring and printing device. A user operates the device. A user is defined as a person or equivalent thereof operating the device (physically supporting, controlling the position of, or instructing the device to transmit RADAR measurements and/or print on a surface). The device 100 shown has a plurality of wheels 135, such as four wheels, used to roll the device over a surface during operation thereof. In embodiments, the rolling is over subsequent linear paths, so any path of motion and repetition thereof may be employed. The device has both a display 140, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display, cathode ray tube (CRT) or other display configured to output data received via an antenna transmitting and receiving RADAR data. The base 130 of the device is attached to the wheels 135, a print head 110 and transmitter. A cable 112 attaches the print head 110 to processing equipment, such as microprocessors and memory, held in the device. FIGS. 5 and 6, discussed below, each show a high-level view of the electronics used in embodiments of the disclosed technology.
Skipping now to FIG. 4, while discussing FIGS. 1 and 4 concurrently, FIG. 4 shows top and bottom plan views of the GPR measurement device and printer of FIG. 1, in an embodiment of the disclosed technology. The transmitter is positioned on the opposite side of the device as the display 140, in embodiments of the disclosed technology, as shown in element 150/152 of FIG. 4. A handle 125 is designed to allow a user to grasp the device to steady it during operation, such as while the wheels 135 are automatically operated (rotating by way of motorized operation at the command of a processor), or manually operated by pushing the device by way of the handle 125. Buttons at the extreme end of the handle 120 are used to control operation of the device, such as the data being displayed on the display 140, movement of the device, instructions concerning printing of a marking, and mode of operation (such as automatic, semi-automatic, or manual).
Referring now to the buttons on the extreme end of the handle 120, these buttons may include four directional buttons 162, 164, 166, and 168 positioned in the direction of movement for menus/selections displayed on the display and/or of the device itself. A middle button 160, by way of example, may be configured to stop and start the RADAR transmissions, movement of the device, and/or instruct the device, by way of a processor, to make a marking on the surface using the print head 110.
In the embodiment shown, the print head 110 is not aligned with the RADAR transmitter/antenna 152 or RADAR housing 150. In other embodiments, the antenna 152 is aligned with the print head 110; however, even when doing so, given the motion of the device over a surface during measuring and printing, and the time it takes to execute a command between the measuring and printing, it is necessary, in embodiments, to calibrate the measurements displayed on the screen 140 with the printing by the print head 110. Thus, for example, display at the horizontal and vertical center of the screen 140 is calibrated to correspond to both the center of the outputted RADAR measurement and the physical location on the surface where a marking is placed, when made on the surface. This will be conceptually explained further with the following description of FIG. 3.
FIG. 2 shows an example of GPR data output which is displayed on a display of the GPR measurement device and printer of FIG. 1, in an embodiment of the disclosed technology. The output 200 has an X-axis 210 and Y-axis 220. The RADAR output depicted in this line-art equivalent drawing is outputted, in whole or in part, on the display 140 (though it need not be in an automatic or semi-automatic mode of operation). The X-axis is a function of distance, while the Y-axis is a function of received response of the transmitted radio signal into a substrate. The approximate centers 235 and 245 of the respective overlapping accent-shaped peaks 230 and 240 are representative of a position of, for example, rebar within a concrete wall and the relative depths thereof. In automatic or semi-automatic modes of operation, the position of metal or other harder substances within a substrate may be determined based on finding the peaks of energy responses, such as shown in FIG. 2. In automatic mode, the printer is instructed to draw on the surface of the substrate (for example, a wall or surface of asphalt) at the point of the peak, such as points 235 and 245, and there-around, such as with an "X," "O," cross-hair, or other mark. The marking on the surface of the substrate may also be continuous and reflect the intensity of the received response at the particular position.
FIG. 3 shows the GPR measurement device and printer of FIG. 1 in use, in an embodiment of the disclosed technology. Here, the RADAR and printer combination device 100 has its bottom side (the side adjacent to the base, opposite the top side with the display 140) and wheels 135 against a wall 300. A user, using his arm 400, moves the device up (or down or across) the wall in a straight path. As radio frequency signals are transmitted into the wall (or any other surface to be measured), the received reflected response is exhibited on the display 140, in embodiments of the disclosed technology. The device 100 rolls along the surface, exhibiting the received radio frequency response. Describing now the manual mode of operation, the user views an image on the display screen 140, produced based on a received radar response being transmitted by transmitter 152 (see FIG. 4). When it is desired to physically mark a spot, such as by way of printing with an inkjet print head 110, the user presses a button on the end of the handle 120 (of course, the button may be anywhere and the input method may be of any type known in the art). In this example, the spot to be marked corresponds to the position of the image shown in the horizontal and vertical center of the display 140. For purposes of this example, this point will be referred to as "Point X." Then, based on the calibration of the device, speed of movement, and pre-determined discovered time it takes, within an acceptable margin of error determined by the mechanics and electronics of the device, as the print head moves over Point X, the processor instructs the print head to make the marking on Point X.
In the automatic mode of operation, a difference between what is described in the preceding paragraph and the automatic mode is that the instruction for the print head to make a marking on Point X, and the position of Point X itself, is determined based on target detection--the determination of the intensity of the received response for a particular position. Point X, and other similar points, are made where the intensity, defined as a minimum electrical response per unit area, is above a threshold. After moving over a distance, generally, a pattern of ink markings will develop based on the pattern of rebar used to construct the building being marked. In automatic mode, no display, such as on the display 140, of the received radar response is required. That is, a user may simply pass the device over a surface, and markings are made where deemed appropriate.
In semi-automatic mode of operation, the intensity of the points is determined; however, an extra step is carried out, whereby the user is prompted at each point, or at least one point, as to whether or not to draw at each detected point. This method may be used, for example, when the accuracy of points to draw results in some false positives when using automatic mode, and the user wishes to draw points only one type of received response (e.g., waveform shown reflects position of rebar), but not others (e.g., waveform shown reflects position of wood within the concrete).
In embodiments of the disclosed technology, target detection is carried out by way of migration. Migration is defined as a procedure that is used to transform surface-recorded GPR data into data in which the subsurface heterogeneities are located at the correct depth and displayed in the most compact form, such as shown in FIG. 2. Target detection is further a method of discerning between relevant information-bearing patterns (called targets) and patterns that distract from that information (either random, called noise, or constant or varying background, called clutter).
To denote a target present as a hypothesis H1, a target not present as H0 and a pattern as X, one can use Bayes formula to get:
The probability of the pattern P(X) will act as a normalizing constant and will usually not affect the decision-making process. The probability of the existence of a target P(H.sub.i) reflects prior knowledge as for the existence of the target, and the conditional probability P(X|H.sub.i) is the prior knowledge on how an existence (or the absence) of a target affects the measured pattern. By setting decision boundaries, one determines the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm--which sets the false alarm rate of the system. Either a linear of non-linear algorithm is applied, with the goal of best satisfying Bayes formula.
Migration is the process of converting radar image to that of inferred target locations based upon known or estimated electrical characteristics of the material. This is a deconvolution process which "focuses" the displayed RADAR image, such that the influence of limited wave propagation velocity, dispersion, and other phenomena, are removed from the displayed result. It is then possible to threshold and/or map this information to printed characters and symbols, such that a useful depictive result is displayed on the material surface. Migration is not necessarily a requirement for printing, but is a helpful tool that improves the quality of the result in embodiments of the disclosed technology.
FIG. 5 shows a high level block diagram of devices used to carry out embodiments of the disclosed technology. The RADAR antenna or antennas 520 receive a response to transmitted radio wave pulses. Radar processing circuitry 510 interprets the response through migration or other techniques and passes the data to a processor 460. The processor 560 further receives data about distance (defined as a distance from start-point in the X and/or Y direction or from an otherwise defined position) from a distance measuring tool or mechanism 540. Distance measuring tools used may include any one of, or a combination of, a flywheel with start-point as input, dead reckoning, camera, global positioning system, N-wave laser guided positioning, laser distance measuring equipment, tape measures and manual input of position at regular intervals with interpolation of intermediate points, or other measurement methods and systems known in the art. Based on receipt of the distance measurement, and determination of a location of the RADAR antenna(s) 520 and a printing mechanism 550, by the processor 560, the printing mechanism 550 is instructed to make a marking. The marking is made corresponding to, and as a direct result of, the received response from the antenna 520 and RADAR processing circuitry 510, and may reflect any of the intensity of the RADAR output at a point where the marking is made, or difference in intensity at a point where a marking is made, compared to surrounding points where the device 500 passes over without making a mark. The processor 560 may also receive an input (shown in FIG. 6) indicating where a marking should be made, and send instructions to the printing mechanism 550, accordingly. The printing mechanism 550 may be any one of, or a combination of, an inkjet printer or print head, laser printer or print head, dot matrix or other type of impact print head, where impact on a tape of ink makes a marking, marker (such as a turtle-type marking device, as known in the prior art), or the like.
FIG. 6 shows a high-level block diagram of an electrical components device which may be used to carry out the disclosed technology. Measurement device 700 comprises a processor 750 that controls the overall operation of the computer by executing the measurement device's program instructions which define such operation. The measurement device's program instructions may be stored in a storage device 720 (e.g., magnetic disk, flash disk, database) and loaded into memory 730 when execution of the measurement device's program instructions is desired. Thus, the measurement device's operation will be defined by the measurement device's program instructions stored in memory 730 and/or storage 720, and the measurement device will be controlled by processor 750 executing the measurement device's program instructions. A measurement device 700 also includes one or a plurality of input network interfaces for communicating with other devices via a network (e.g., the internet). A measurement device 700 also includes one or more output network interfaces 710 for communicating with other devices. Measurement device 700 also includes input/output 740 representing devices which allow for user interaction with the computer 700 (e.g., display, keyboard, mouse, speakers, buttons, etc.). One skilled in the art will recognize that an implementation of an actual measurement device will contain other components as well, and that FIG. 6 is a high level representation of some of the components of such a measurement device for illustrative purposes. It should also be understood by one skilled in the art that the method and devices depicted in FIGS. 1 through 5 may be implemented on a device such as is shown in FIG. 6.
While the disclosed technology has been taught with specific reference to the above embodiments, a person having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and the scope of the disclosed technology. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. Combinations of any of the methods, systems, and devices described hereinabove are also contemplated and within the scope of the invention.Back to patents