In an era where the tap of a screen can command vast virtual empires and a single keystroke can summon information from across the globe, technology, particularly computers, reigns supreme. Yet, with this digital marvel comes an environmental dilemma – a shadow of obsolescence that grows with every device we retire. As the relentless wave of technological advancements sweeps across societies, it brings with it an urgent and often overlooked question: What happens to our old devices? Specifically, how do we responsibly manage and recycle computers? As we dive into the heart of this discussion, we’ll explore the critical role of computer recyclers, the challenges of recycling computers in today’s world, and the profound impact our choices have on the environment. Welcome to the nexus of technology and sustainability: The Importance of Computer Recycling in the Digital Age.
A Look Back: Computers from Luxury to Necessity
As the digital age dawned, computers transitioned from being a luxury item for a few to an indispensable tool for the many. Over the decades, societies worldwide have witnessed a profound shift in how these machines are perceived and utilized.
The Evolution of Computer Use
The 1980s and 1990s saw computers mainly in workplaces and educational institutions. Only a select few had them at home. Fast forward to the 21st century, and computers are now household staples, crucial for work, education, entertainment, and much more. We’ve evolved from huge mainframes to portable laptops and even more compact tablets. Computer recyclers have noted that with this exponential increase in computer production and consumption, the volume of computers reaching their end of life has also surged dramatically.
Recycling Computers: Not Just an Option but a Need
Given this rapid proliferation of computers in every facet of our lives, the sheer number of devices becoming obsolete every year is staggering. While earlier, a family might replace a computer once every few years, rapid advancements in technology now make devices outdated more quickly. This trend poses a significant challenge: what do we do with these countless old machines? Simply discarding them is not viable, environmentally or ethically. As such, recycling computers has transitioned from being a mere environmentally-friendly suggestion to an absolute necessity.
Moreover, it’s not just about making space in our homes or offices; it’s about ensuring that the harmful components within computers are disposed of correctly. The role of professional computer recyclers becomes paramount here. They ensure that each device is recycled in a manner that extracts value, reduces environmental harm, and protects data. Thus, when we talk about the need to recycle computer devices, it’s not just about sustainability; it’s about responsibility – to our planet and its inhabitants.
Understanding the Scale: The Environmental Cost of E-Waste
The digital age has ushered in unparalleled technological advancements. However, it has also given rise to an environmental concern that is increasingly hard to ignore: the mounting problem of electronic waste. Among the myriad of discarded gadgets and devices, computers represent a significant proportion of this waste. The ramifications of this surge in e-waste are both alarming and widespread, affecting our ecosystems and posing health risks to humans.
Computer Recyclers: A World Drowning in Electronic Waste
Every year, the influx of new and upgraded electronic devices leads to millions of old gadgets being discarded. This cycle, while a testament to our technological prowess, also serves as a warning of the unsustainable disposal practices that have become commonplace. As we readily embrace the newest technology, we also unconsciously contribute to a world overflowing with redundant electronics. The most concerning among these are computers, which due to their components, are both a challenge and priority to handle.
The Daunting Numbers Behind E-Waste
To truly grasp the magnitude of the situation, one needs to look at the startling statistics. Annually, millions of tons of electronic waste are produced globally. Among this staggering amount, a significant percentage is made up of old and obsolete computers. This is not just a technological challenge but an environmental crisis. The increasing emphasis on the need to recycle computer units isn’t just a trend—it’s a call to action, a plea to recognize the environmental repercussions of uninformed disposal.
Computer Recyclers: At the Frontline of Tackling E-Waste
Addressing this e-waste menace are the unsung heroes: computer recyclers. Their efforts go beyond mere waste management; they serve as stewards of our environment. These professionals understand the intricacies of safely dismantling computers, ensuring harmful components don’t leach into our ecosystems. By promoting and executing effective methods of recycling computers, they play an indispensable role in mitigating the looming e-waste catastrophe. Their significance in the modern era cannot be overstated, as they not only curb environmental degradation but also pave the way for sustainable technological advancements.
Computer Recyclers: The Intricacies of the Computer Recycling Process
In the midst of the digital era, with devices being frequently replaced and updated, the need for responsible disposal has never been more pressing. The process to recycle computer units isn’t simply about dumping old machines; it’s a detailed procedure ensuring efficient resource use and environmental protection. This section delves into the sophisticated journey of computer recycling, shedding light on each phase and the importance of professional handling.
Beyond the Power Button: What Happens to Discarded Computers
The fate of a discarded computer is far more intricate than most imagine. Instead of languishing in a landfill or being incinerated – both environmentally harmful options – computers can embark on a recycling journey. This process ensures their valuable components are reclaimed, and harmful substances are responsibly managed. But, what does this journey look like?
Recycle Computer Components: A Step-by-Step Breakdown
- Collection: The journey begins when devices are collected from businesses, institutions, or individuals. Specialized bins or drop-off points are set up by computer recyclers to facilitate this.
- Initial Sorting: Upon reaching the recycling facility, computers are sorted based on their type and condition. This step determines if a computer can be refurbished or if it will proceed to component recycling.
- Manual Dismantling: Skilled technicians manually disassemble computers, segregating components like hard drives, RAM, processors, and motherboards.
- Component Treatment: Metals such as gold, silver, and copper are carefully extracted using both chemical and mechanical processes. Other elements, like plastics, are processed separately for reuse.
- Hazardous Material Handling: Critical attention is given to components containing harmful substances, ensuring they don’t contaminate the environment. For instance, batteries containing cadmium or mercury are treated with utmost care.
- Repurposing and Reselling: Materials recovered from the recycling process might re-enter the production cycle, drastically reducing the need for new raw materials.
Ensuring Data Safety While Recycling Computers
One primary concern many people have is data security. With hard drives housing sensitive information, the fear of data breaches during the recycling process is valid. However, professional computer recyclers prioritize data safety. Before any recycling or refurbishing takes place, all data storage devices undergo rigorous data destruction procedures, ensuring no traces of personal or business information remain. This commitment to data safety underscores the importance of choosing certified and reputable recyclers, emphasizing their pivotal role in not just environmental protection but also data security.
Making Recycling Accessible: Bridging Users and Recyclers
As the world races towards an era of heightened digital reliance, it’s crucial to parallelly prioritize environmental sustainability. To ensure responsible disposal and recycling of our electronic devices, a streamlined connection between users and computer recyclers becomes imperative. Let’s explore how modern-day initiatives are bridging this gap, offering solutions that are not only eco-friendly but also user-friendly.
Simplifying the Complex World of E-Waste Management
The world of e-waste can appear daunting to the average consumer. The myriad of questions, from “How do I dispose of my old PC?” to “Are there any nearby facilities to recycle computer devices?”, can overwhelm and deter many from acting responsibly. However, recent advancements and initiatives aim to demystify this complex arena, simplifying e-waste management for all.
How Modern Platforms Connect Users to Computer Recyclers
In a digital age, solutions often lie in technology itself. A rising number of platforms and apps are now dedicated to guiding users through the recycling process:
- Locational Services: Through geolocation features, these platforms can quickly point users to the nearest recycling computers facility or drop-off point, ensuring that disposing of e-waste becomes as convenient as purchasing new devices.
- Information Portals: Providing users with insights into the recycling process, what happens to their devices, and the environmental impact of their choices.
- Trustworthiness Metrics: Platforms can offer reviews, certifications, and ratings for various recyclers, ensuring users can trust the facility they’re handing their devices to.
- Scheduling Services: Some platforms allow users to schedule pick-ups, ensuring busy schedules are no longer a hindrance to responsible disposal
Case Studies: Successful Initiatives Promoting Recycling Computers
Several regions and organizations worldwide are showcasing how effective strategies can bring about a significant positive change:
- European WEEE Directive: The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in Europe has been pivotal in boosting recycling rates, setting collection, recycling, and recovery targets for all types of electronic goods.
- Tech Giants Taking Charge: Companies like Apple and Dell have initiated take-back programs, encouraging users to return old devices for proper recycling.
- E-Stewards Certification: An initiative ensuring that recyclers adhere to responsible recycling standards, prioritizing both environmental and data security.
- Urban Mining in Japan: A commendable initiative where electronic devices are ‘mined’ for valuable metals, showcasing a perfect blend of sustainability and economic advantage.
Looking Ahead: The Future of Computer Recycling
The onward march of technology is relentless. As innovations emerge and devices evolve, so does the very nature and scale of e-waste. Given the rapid proliferation of electronic devices, it’s crucial to cast an eye to the future and understand how the landscape of computer recycling will be influenced. This will ensure that as technology pushes boundaries, sustainability doesn’t take a backseat.
Emerging Technologies and Their Impact on E-Waste
The digital age continually ushers in groundbreaking technologies, each with its own set of challenges and requirements when it comes to disposal and recycling. It’s not just about recycling computers anymore; it’s about adapting and evolving to accommodate the ever-changing tech ecosystem.
Addressing the E-Waste from IoT, AI, and More
The Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are two dominant forces shaping our modern world. With IoT, everyday devices become smarter, interconnected, and unfortunately, have a shorter lifespan. AI, on the other hand, often requires specialized hardware which can become obsolete as algorithms and requirements advance.
- IoT: As more devices become ‘smart’ and interconnected, it means more electronic components to recycle. Whether it’s a smart fridge, thermostat, or wearable device, each comes with its unique recycling needs.
- AI Hardware: AI-focused chips and specialized devices might require tailored recycling computer methods to ensure valuable components are salvaged and harmful elements are safely disposed of.
The challenge lies in predicting and preparing for the specific e-waste generated by these technologies, ensuring that we’re not caught off-guard by a sudden influx of new types of waste.
Preparing for Tomorrow: Scaling Up Computer Recyclers’ Operations
As technology broadens its horizons, computer recyclers must be at the forefront, ready to address the ever-growing mountain of e-waste. This means:
- Expanding Facilities: As the sheer volume of electronic waste grows, recyclers need to ensure their facilities can handle the load, both in terms of quantity and variety.
- Investing in R&D: Understanding the intricacies of new devices and developing methods to effectively and safely recycle them will be pivotal.
- Public Awareness Campaigns: Computer recyclers should be proactive in educating the public about the importance of recycling computers, especially as new types of devices enter the market.
- Collaboration with Tech Companies: Building partnerships with tech giants can facilitate better recycling practices from the design phase itself, ensuring devices are built with their end-of-life in mind.
The future of computer recycling will undoubtedly be complex, but with foresight, innovation, and a commitment to sustainability, it’s a challenge that can be met head-on.
The digital revolution has transformed our world, but it has also ushered in pressing challenges, notably the surge in e-waste. As we stand at this juncture, a sustainable path forward requires a united effort.
The Road Ahead: Taking Collective Responsibility
- Manufacturers: Innovation should not come at the expense of the environment. Prioritizing recyclable designs and eco-friendly materials can curtail e-waste production.
- Consumers: Every decision to purchase or discard technology leaves an impact. Embracing recycling computers isn’t just a choice; it’s an imperative for our planet.
- Computer Recyclers: These key players are pivotal in ensuring our discarded tech doesn’t harm our ecosystems. Their role in shaping a sustainable digital landscape cannot be understated.
In essence, the promise of a green digital future is in our hands, and collective responsibility is the key to unlocking it.
In light of these considerations, we encourage readers to further explore the topic of electronic waste and its environmental implications on Wikipedia, a comprehensive resource that underscores the collective responsibility we hold in the digital age


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SGT was gradually introduced into the product process to optimize key parameters
To establish an evalsuation index system for China's power device market, and make quantitative and qualitative scores from enterprise valuation, market value, revenue status, patent quantity, product competitiveness, enterprise potential and leadership level, and list the top ten power device enterprises in China......
Based on the Power semiconductor device requirements of small size, fast switching speed and fast heat dissipation, TDHD (Three dimensional heat dissipation) packaging products were independently developed by our company after summarizing many years of experience in the design and application of power devices. Smaller than the size of PDFN5X6, dissipation power is more than 2 times
An update to IBM's quantum computing roadmap shows the company is gearing up to build a 4,000-qubit machine by 2025
TSMC recently announced to customers that prices will be raised again early next year. Nikkei, citing six unnamed sources, reported that TSMC has been issuing notices to customers one after another.
With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the demand for the vehicle regulation-grade chips will also surge, and the speed of production expansion in the upstream industry chain is obviously not as fast as the market demand
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Smart Meter Safeguard
Protecting Families from RF Radiation
The Smart Meter Safeguard offers an effective solution to protect against the intense radio-frequency (RF) radiation emitted by smart meters. This device blocks 98% of radiation pulses while still enabling the transmission of electricity consumption information for invoicing purposes to the provider.
The design for the Smart Meter Safeguard was created out of necessity by an electronic technologist with over 25 years of experience in the field and who also developed an electro-sensitivity. NASA guidelines for electromagnetic shielding were used to create the shield, which is manufactured by a Canadian company with extensive experience machining stainless steel products.
Prototyping for the Smart Meter Safeguard was conducted over several design iterations until it was perfected and allowed the minimum radiation required to transmit the necessary data. Testing trials were performed with people suffering from electro-hypersensitivity to validate that the shield was effectively improving their symptoms.
With the product now ready for market, the next step was to raise awareness about the issue of pulsed RF radiation from smart meters, which began with demonstrations at local health food stores. While the location was ideal for reaching a health-conscious target audience, the volume of traffic was relatively low as compared to selling online. The founder of the Smart Meter Safeguard needed a cost-effective e-commerce website built by a digital marketing company who understood the story behind this business – they needed Vicara Marketing.
Vicara Marketing utilized WordPress and WooCommerce as the preferred open source solution to build the new Smart Meter Safeguard website. The platform was chosen for its ease of use, powerful features and integration with third-party extensions.
The project began with an outline of the pages and sections that would be needed for the new bilingual website. A premium WordPress theme was selected and the necessary functionality was installed via free and paid plugins to secure the website, manage multiple languages and connect with the transport company for shipping estimates. An SSL certificate was installed to ensure all transactions were processed securely.
The original Smart Meter Safeguard website was hosted on a shared server prior to having a new bilingual e-commerce website built. After experiencing poor page load speed, Vicara Marketing recommended its Virtual Private Server (VPS) for the construction and launch of the new website due to the faster speed and added security of more recent PHP versions.
All existing email addresses were created and setup using the IMAP protocol to keep all data synced across multiple devices. A daily cron-job was scheduled to scan for viruses and spam-related issues were troubleshooted as needed.
Following the launch of the website, Vicara Marketing has managed the process of updating plugins and troubleshooting issues as they arise.
Vicara Marketing has helped Smart Meter Safeguard expand the reach of its product with an e-commerce website that features a shopping cart secured by SSL technology to ensure customers can purchase in total confidence. A page structure was created that allowed our client to build a library of informational resources such as articles, videos and research studies, which are used to promote awareness about the health concerns related to pulsed RF radiation.
Now that the Smart Meter Safeguard website features bilingual content, e-commerce functionality and analytics tracking, the company is better able to reach a broader audience and track the performance of future marketing initiatives.
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Building a Doduino
Intro: This project was an exercise in building an Arduino like ATMEGA328P board from scratch using a 3x4 inch Veroboard. The main objective was to provide better build-in I/O capability out of the box, so most projects will not need an I/O shield to perform common tasks. This makes the whole setup cheaper than trying to do this with an Arduino and I/O shield as well as a good Arduino learning exercise for new users.
If you are new to Veroboards (Stripboard) and would like a better understanding see: "What is a Veroboard?"
The result is a decent package that includes a ULN2803A for higher current driving capability on 8 ports. This allows you to drive DC motors, Stepper Motors and relays of up to 500ma and 50V!. The power for the ULN2803A comes from a separate connection shown at the bottom right of the board.
As for the board power it can come from the USBTinyISP, USB to Serial converter or 7-18volt external power supply connected to the terminal screws at the top right corner of the board as shown above.
There is also a ribbon cable LCD port for an KTM-S1201 LCD, which could be adapted to any 4 channel LCD and lastly a USB to Serial connector, which with an optional $6 (ebay) USB to Serial board gives you Serial communications if needed.
The entire build was around $24 including the LCD, but I also added a $10 USBTinyISP to use as the primary programmer therefore allowing the full capacity of the ATMEGA328P without requiring a Bootloader. Of course you are welcome to use a bootloader if you decide to go that direction. You will require the USB to Serial board for that.
A Link is provided at the end of the project for using the USBTinyISP as the primary programmer in the Arduino IDE or ATMEL Studio 6 with no bootloader. Awesome!
Let's get started!
- 2 x 220 Ohm resistors (LEDs R3/R2)
- 1 x 120 Ohm resistor (ICSP Reset R4)
- 1 x 10k Ohm resistor (328P Reset R1)
- 2 x 22pF Ceramic Capacitors (Crystal C1/C2)
- 2 x .1uf Ceramic Capacitor (C3-Decoupler,C6-Reset)
- 2 x 10 uf Electrolytic Capacitor (LM7805 5V Power C4/C5)
- 1 x ATMEGA328P Microcontroller
- 1 x 28 pin narrow IC socket (MCU optional)
- 1 x 16mhz Crystal
- 1 x ULN2803A Darlingtion Transistor Array (High power IC)
- 1 x 18 pin narrow IC socket (optional)
- 1 x LM7805 TO-220 5v Voltage Regulator
- 2 x Power switches (optional but recommended)
- 3 x 40 pin breakaway square female headers (round shown)
- 1 x 2 pin male header (optional for Crystal)
- 1 x 6 pin long pin female header bent to 90 deg (male shown)
- 1 x Microswitch (Reset)
- 2 x LEDs (Power and Activity)
- 1 x 10k PDIP Potentiometer (for LCD Contrast)
- 1 x KTM-S1201 LCD or other 4 wire dataline LCD (Optional)
- 12 x 2 pin screw terminals (optional but recommended)
- 1 x 3x4 Veroboard (Epoxy or Phenolic)
- 1 x Roll of tie wire (solid strand ethernet cable works)
Cutting the Veroboard Tracks
First step is to get rid of some of the Veroboard tracks using "Stripboard cutter", which can be made cheaply. See: "Stripboard Cutter." You need to cut all the tracks marked with yellow strips below:
NOTE: The ICSP and LCD cuts cannot be made with the Stripboard cutter as they are between the rows of holes. You can do this with sharp knife or Dremel tool as shown by the yellow arrows above. Also the purple dots indicate where you need to join tracks using a solder bridge. Once the holes are cut in the Veroboard you should remove the surface oxidization with a scotchpad or fine sandpaper and clean with Isopropyl or Acetone. If you are new to soldering now would be a good time to watch this video: "How to Solder Correctly"
Wiring the Veroboard Board
The next step is relatively simple, but does require a soldering iron. Make sure to get a flux pen or flux of some sort as it's the magic sauce to good soldering.
There are roughly 3 dozen tie wires to run so it should take under an 1-2 hours to complete:
The rest of the soldering should go pretty easy from here as it's mostly big items. Just be careful with the polarity on the LEDs (D1/D2) and 10 uf Capacitors (C4/C5) and Pin 1 of the 28 (ATMEGA328P) and 18 pin socket (ULN2803A) or IC (if soldered directly). You can see pin 1 on the sockets marked with a round GREEN dot in the placement diagram.
Finished Front with optional USB to Serial adapter:
For the Crystal I prefer to mount it on a 2 pin male header so I can easily change them out for different speeds when experimenting:
I didn't want the USB to Serial adapter sticking out from the boards as it is cleaner to mount it back on the Veroboard and you don't tend to break it off. To accomplish this the connector had to be bent from a long pin header:
You can still disconnect it for other projects but it stays put. Depending on the USB to Serial board you select the height of the long pin header will be different. This is the one I purchased:
Before you power up the board make sure you check all the wiring and track cuts. It's easy to cut the wrong spot or wire the wrong hole.
To use this board for Arduino projects you need to either install a bootloader or use the USBtinyISP as your primary programmer. I selected the latter because you need the USBTinyISP or another Ardunio to burn a bootloader anyway. So why not just use the USBtinyISP to program the Arduino from the IDE? See: USBTiny in the Arduino IDE
- Arduino and the KTM-S1201
- Veroboard 3x4 Board
- FT232R USB to Serial Adapter
- KTM-S1201 LCD


Examples of artificial intelligence in daily life are ubiquitous. AI is a term that has been around for a while, but in recent years it has become more of a buzzword. It refers to the ability of machines to learn and perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence. AI has been integrated into our daily lives in a variety of ways, from personal assistants to social media algorithms.
Common examples of artificial intelligence in daily life include personal assistants such as Siri and Alexa. These assistants use natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms to understand and respond to our commands. They can perform a wide range of tasks, from setting reminders and alarms to ordering groceries and making phone calls. Personal assistants have become so ingrained in our daily routines that we often forget they are powered by AI.
Social Media Algorithms
Social media algorithms are designed to show us content that is relevant to our interests and preferences. They analyze our past behavior and interactions to determine what we are most likely to engage with. This is why you may see ads for products you have recently searched for online or why your newsfeed is filled with posts from friends who share similar interests.
Smart Home Devices
Smart home devices such as smart thermostats and lighting systems are another example of AI in daily life. These devices use machine learning algorithms to learn our habits and preferences and adjust settings accordingly. For example, a smart thermostat can learn when we are most likely to be home and adjust the temperature accordingly. Similarly, smart lighting systems can adjust the brightness and color temperature based on our preferences.
Virtual Healthcare Assistants
Virtual healthcare assistants are another example of AI in daily life that has become more prevalent in recent years. These assistants use NLP and machine learning algorithms to understand and respond to patients’ health-related queries. They can provide basic medical advice, schedule appointments, and even assist with medication management.
Autonomous vehicles are perhaps one of the most exciting examples of AI in daily life. These vehicles use a combination of sensors, cameras, and machine learning algorithms to navigate roads and make decisions in real-time. They have the potential to greatly reduce the number of accidents on our roads and make transportation more accessible for everyone.
AI is also being used in financial services to detect fraud. Banks and credit card companies use machine learning algorithms to analyze patterns of transactions and identify suspicious activity. This helps prevent fraudulent charges and protect consumers’ financial information.
Voice recognition is another example of AI in daily life that we often take for granted. It is used in a variety of applications, from voice assistants to speech-to-text software. These systems use machine learning algorithms to recognize and interpret spoken language, making it easier for us to communicate with technology.
Personalized recommendations are used in a variety of applications, from e-commerce websites to music streaming services. They analyze our past behavior and preferences to recommend products or content that we are most likely to enjoy.
Chatbots are another example of artificial intelligence in daily life that have become increasingly popular in recent years. A chatbot is a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users. They can be integrated into websites, messaging apps, and even social media platforms.
Chatbots use natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms to understand and respond to user queries. They can provide customer service, answer frequently asked questions, and even make recommendations based on user preferences. They can also be programmed to perform specific tasks, such as booking a hotel room or ordering food from a restaurant.
Examples of artificial intelligence in daily life are ubiquitous, from personal assistants to autonomous vehicles. AI has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work, making tasks easier and more efficient. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more exciting applications of AI in our daily lives. Whether we realize it or not, examples of artificial intelligence in daily life are all around us, making our lives better and more convenient.


Commercial Grade HDMI 1.4 Cables
The High Speed with Ethernet HDMI® cable is designed and tested to handle video resolutions of 1080p and beyond, including advanced display technologies such as 4K, 3D, and Deep Color. If you are using any of these technologies, or if you are connecting your 1080p display to a 1080p content source, such as a Blu-ray Disc player, this is the recommended cable. Furthermore, it features an additional, dedicated data channel, known as the HDMI® Ethernet Channel, for device networking. (HDMI® Ethernet Channel functionality is only available if both linked devices are HDMI® Ethernet Channel-enabled.)
- Connectors: Male to Male HDMI® Connectors
- Compatibility: XBox 360 Elite, Playstation 3, Blu-Ray players, and all major HDMI® enabled devices such as HD TVs and cable boxes.


Download Surface Mount LED Selector Guide
521 Series LED Discrete Through Hole Products
The 521 series discrete through hole products offer a wide variety of LEDs from 2mm to 5mm. Single Color and Bi-Color LEDs- Red, yellow green and orange LEDs available in diffused, tinted non-diffused or water clear configurations. Bi-Color packages are available in 2-leaded or 3-leaded versions.
597 Series chip LED / PLCC SMD LEDs
Our microLED offering of discrete SMT LEDs includes a wide range of packages in chip-LED and PLCC configurations with a full range of LED options and colors including the latest AllnGaP and InGaN technology. They are available as lead-free and RoHS compliant and packaging options of strips of 20 pieces each for prototyping or 7″ reels for production runs.
598 Series chip LED style SMD LEDs
Dialight has expanded our microLED offering of surface mount (SMD) LEDs with the introduction of our chip LED style 598 series. These devices are avaialble in 10 different package configurations, each with a wide-selection of LED options including the latest InGaN and AllnGap technologies.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have long been at the forefront of materials research, with applications ranging from composites for increased tensile strength in construction and sports equipment to transistor switches and solar cell electrodes in energy applications. There remains untapped potential still when it comes to energy and data transmission, with our group having previously demonstrated a working ethernet cable composed of CNT fibers. Material composition, electrical resistance, and electrical capacitance all play a strong role in the making of high-quality microphone and headphone cables, and the work herein describes the formation of a proof-of-concept CNT audio cable. Testing was done compared to commercial cables, with frequency response measurements performed for further objective testing. The results show performance is on par with commercial cables, and the CNTs being grown from waste plastics as a carbon source further adds to the value proposition, while also being environmentally friendly.
Carbon nanotube (CNT) research has been actively ongoing for the better part of three decades and has been found to exist for even longer than that. There is a lot of potential due to the untapped properties of CNTs, and this has led to their use in various fields ranging from sports equipment and composites in construction and manufacturing to electrical and/or thermal conductors in energy applications, transportation, and even as art pieces and extremely dark paint owing to their high specific surface area and light absorption, accordingly [1,2,3,4,5]. When it comes to electricity transmission, CNTs are often paired with other metals or doped to increase the electrical conductivity, with the current state-of-the art in CNT research yet to wholly replace the likes of copper and aluminum for the electric grid .
CNT-based cables show plenty of promise with individual CNT electrical conductivity besting copper, while also having the benefit of lower mass density, owing to the hollow cylindrical nature of the nanotubes . Despite there being several different attempts at making long cables out of individual CNTs [7,8,9,10,11,12,13], the primary issue remains that the starting material with the CNTs is generally a mixed bag when it comes to both the general purity being questionable—owing to the presence of contaminants, such as residual catalyst and amorphous carbon—as well as containing a mix of single- and multi-walled CNTs of different chiralities [14,15] to where there is a sliding scale of metallic to semiconducting CNTs in use.
We have previously  demonstrated the use of a hybrid CNT/copper cable for data transmission as an ethernet cable, which routinely achieved 100 Mbps throughput on both the uplink and downlink to be classified as meeting CAT5 transmission speeds. This was made more attractive by the fact the CNTs themselves were produced from the upcycling of waste plastics, including polystyrene . This work describes a similar cable structure but is instead used for audio transmission. The hybrid CNT/Cu audio cable was manufactured with 3.5 mm TRS connector plugs on either end to use with speakers primarily for public outreach, however, they proved to work well in terms of longevity and prolonged sound quality to where we then quantified their characteristics as both headphone and microphone cables.
Measuring the headphone and microphone cable properties was achieved by pairing a set of highly resolving headphones with a set of custom-made artificial ears fitted with IEC711  occluded ear simulators and measuring the frequency response of the headphones with the CNT/Cu cable. First, a control measurement was taken with a commercially available copper-based microphone and headphone cables. This was followed by replacing the commercial headphone cable with our CNT/Cu concept cable while still using the same commercial microphone cable as before to test the CNT/Cu cable as a headphone cable. Next, in order to test the CNT/Cu cable as a microphone cable, it was used to replace the commercial microphone cable with the headphones running off the commercial headphone cable. The electrical resistance of the individual cables and the raw materials were also measured, as was the copper as a control, and the results show the CNT/Cu cables are a viable alternative to commercial copper cables for audio transmission.
2.1. Carbon Nanotube Production
The carbon nanotubes used in this work were produced using floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) in a two-zone horizontal furnace liquid injection reactor (LIR), with details described previously [16,17]. In summary, CNTs were grown using various concentrations of polystyrene and toluene. In a typical reaction, polystyrene (C8H8)n, with a molecular weight of 6400 (Mn 64,000, Sample#P2444-S, Polymer Source Inc., Dorval, QC, Canada) was added to toluene in concentrations of either 1, 2, and 4 wt% (w/w) in 1 mL (865 mg) anhydrous toluene (98% (C6H5CH3) Sigma Aldrich Dorset, UK)) . This was then mixed and injected into the reactor at 5 mL/h under a gas flow of 1 L/min using a blended carrier gas of composition 5 vol% hydrogen in argon (BOC, Guilford, UK) into a two-zone horizontal furnace (Nanotech Innovations, Oberlin, OH, USA). The first zone, used for catalyst formation and cracking of the carbon source, was set to approximately 225 °C and zone two, employed for CNT growth, was set to approximately 780 °C. The CNTs were grown in a 100 cm long quartz tube with an outer diameter of 38 mm and an inner diameter of 36 mm (Multi-Lab, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK). All reactions were carried out using a needle gauge of 20. All reactions were carried out with a fixed catalyst ratio of ferrocene (5 wt% w/w) (98% (C10H10Fe) Sigma Aldrich (UK)) with respect to the total carbon reactant from both toluene and/or toluene and polystyrene. All materials were used as received without prior cracking or drying and handled as described here . No measured effect from carbothermal reduction due to the aging of the quartz tube was identified .
2.2. CNT Characterization
The CNTs produced in analogous experiments described before were confirmed to be multi-walled in nature using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy . For this work, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to better understand the CNT morphology in addition to confirming they are also multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Some of the CNTs produced were suspended in ethanol and drop cast onto a piece of clean silicon wafer to enable easier imaging. The concentration of the CNTs was accounted to allow for imaging of the CNT ensemble while retaining enough information about the individual CNTs. The SEM (JEOL 7800F FEG, JEOL, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan) was used at an operating voltage of 5 kV or lower and with a working distance of approximately 10 mm. Diameters were measured using ImageJ .
Resonant Raman microscopy was performed using a Renishaw inVia™ Raman microscope (Renishaw plc, Miskin, Pontyclun, UK) equipped with 633 nm and 785 nm lasers and a Leica PL Fluortar L50x/0.55 long working distance objective lens. Data acquisition was taken for the CNTs placed as-is on a clean silicon wafer from 100 to 3200 cm−1 Raman shift. The laser beam was focused by maximizing the G-peak intensity to confirm the best z-height alignment of the beam between the sample and detector. For each CNT sample, a Raman spectrum was acquired in three separate locations.
2.3. CNT/Cu Audio Cable
Carbon nanotube/copper hybrid cables were prepared using CNT powders firmly packed into the sheath of heat shrink tubing. Copper wire was inserted into the CNT wire ends and compressed to ensure maximum contact of the CNTs with the Cu lead before heat shrinking the outer sheath. Three such individual cables were collectively put together and soldered to commercially available three-pole 3.5 mm stereo jack plugs (RS Components, Corby, UK) on either end, as seen in Figure 1. Two acrylic panels were used for the increased structural integrity of the audio cable, particularly for outreach events, which otherwise do not influence the functionality of the cable itself.
Figure 1. Example CNT/Cu audio cable manufactured using CNTs grown from polystyrene as the carbon source in the middle (black wiring) and copper wiring (red wiring) on either side to complete the circuit from one 3.5 mm stereo jack plug to another.
2.4. CNT/Cu Audio Cable Performance Testing
While originally envisioned to be simply used for public outreach to connect a mobile device to a portable speaker unit , it was quickly realized that the use of standard 3.5 mm stereo connectors allowed for more rigorous testing of the same. Towards this end, a set of headphones that used 3.5 mm cable connectors was identified in the form of the HiFiMAN Arya (HiFiMAN Electronics, Tianjin, China). The single CNT/Cu cable allowed connection to one channel at each time, which suffices for the scope of this article. Two such cables can be used with a Y-splitter adapter to use the headphones in stereo. A custom set of artificial ears was manufactured to our specifications with two soft silicone earmolds and two IEC711 occluded ear simulators  inside for frequency response measurements from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, to cover the entire range of human hearing. The housing allows for both XLR and 3.5 mm microphone cable connections, as seen in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Custom set of artificial ears manufactured with soft silicone earmolds on either side and two IEC711 occluded ear simulators to measure the frequency response of headphones. There are both XLR and 3.5 mm microphone outputs to aid in the same.
The headphones were measured using a commercial copper XLR cable as the microphone cable, and the stock headphone cable—also copper-based—as a control experiment before switching with the CNT/Cu cable as either the headphone or microphone cable. Frequency response measurements were performed using a calibrated soundcard for microphone input connected to a laptop, and the headphones were powered from a dedicated digital-to-analog converter and amplifier combination unit (JDS Labs, St. Louis, MI, USA) to eliminate any influence of the laptop’s internal audio circuitry. Room EQ Wizard v5.20 was used to generate a sine sweep from 20 Hz to 20 kHz and to measure the frequency response of the headphones. A minimum of three trials were completed per experimental configuration for statistical accuracy.
3.1. CNT Characterization
Given the MWCNTs used in this work were previously described in more detail in both production and characterization [16,17], herein we mostly corroborated that the carbon nanotubes used in the CNT/Cu audio cable were the same as before. SEM imaging showed these are indeed multi-walled carbon nanotubes with some residual catalyst and amorphous carbon present [14,16], with typical morphology seen in Figure 3. This particular sample was of the MWCNTs produced from polystyrene/toluene as the carbon source.
Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy of MWCNTs produced using polystyrene dissolved in toluene as the carbon source and ferrocene as a source of iron catalyst. Residual catalyst and amorphous carbon impurities are present here, although the vast majority of the product remains CNTs.
The CNTs were not purified and were used as-is with the by-product impurities intact, with the average electrical resistance of the ensemble measured to be between 1.8 and 2.2 Ω for a continuous section of bucky paper prepared from these CNTs, compared to 0.6 and 0.8 Ω for the copper control under the same testing conditions. This proof-of-concept CNT/Cu cable had a measured electrical resistance of 14.4 Ω across the 10 cm length from end to end. There is thus significant contact resistance with the two probes used with the digital multimeter, and further testing is planned with purified samples using more sensitive and accurate 4-point probe measurements in a forthcoming article. More so, the current goal is simply to demonstrate a proof-of-concept CNT/Cu cable for audio transmission.
Resonant Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of MWCNTs again, with no radial breathing modes detected at either 633 or 785 nm, as seen in Figure 4, where most CNTs would resonate at. The peak at ~1350 cm−1 confirms a disorder D-peak, which is attributed primarily to amorphous carbon [22,23], whereas the taller G-peak at ~1600 cm−1 is attributed to graphitic carbon, which in this case would be the CNTs themselves. The G′ (G prime) peak at ~2700 cm−1 further indicates the presence of multiple walls, which is to be expected for samples of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The spectra shown below are averaged over multiple acquisitions and are representative of the CNT ensemble. We also see the relatively higher intensity of the G-peak to the D-peak at 785 nm, which indicates a generally higher quality CNT sample. This is because MWCNTs are more likely to resonant at 785 nm than 633 nm, especially for the larger diameter tubes produced here.
Figure 4. Resonant Raman spectroscopy of MWCNTs was recorded using (a) 633 nm and (b) 785 nm lasers.
3.2. CNT/Cu Cable as Headphone Cable
Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the various cables used in the testing of the CNT/Cu cable as a headphone cable. The control in Figure 5a employed a commercial copper cable going from the XLR microphone input on the artificial ears’ setup to a 3.5 mm microphone header on a calibrated soundcard. The soundcard was hooked to the right channel on the artificial ears to measure the frequency response of the right channel of HiFiMAN Arya headphones only. Furthermore, to eliminate the left channel causing any interference, only the right channel of the headphones was plugged into the standalone DAC/amplifier using the stock headphones cable. Once three separate frequency response measurements were collected and averaged, the headphone cable was replaced with the CNT/Cu cable, as seen in Figure 5b.
Figure 5. (a) Control setup for the frequency response measurement of the HiFiMAN Arya headphones using commercial copper headphone and microphone cables and (b) the setup using the CNT/Cu audio cable as the headphone cable along with the same commercial microphone cable.
Figure 6 compares the frequency response of the headphone’s right channel as measured with the control setup to that of the CNT/Cu cable. In this case, the commercial microphone cable was common across both tests, and the two responses were seen to match each other within error margins, including the line shape of the plots themselves and the relative SPL intensities at various frequencies. The plots themselves were smoothened to an octave scale of 1/12th in Room EQ Wizard here, and this did not affect the relative comparisons of the two. It must be noted that, because of the higher contact resistance of the CNT/Cu cable, including with the need to add in a 3.5 mm to 6.35 mm adapter to connect to the DAC/amplifier, slightly more power was required to equalize the SPL volume loudness of the headphones with the CNT/Cu audio cable relative to the commercial headphone cable. Once the volume was matched, as in Figure 6, the CNT/Cu audio cable could be an objective replacement for commercial headphone cables.
Figure 6. The frequency response of the HiFiMAN Arya headphones (right channel, averaged over three measurements) using a commercial headphone cable compared to the CNT/Cu cable as the headphone cable. Both are within error margins once the volume is matched.
3.3. CNT/Cu Cable as Microphone Cable
In this arrangement, the CNT/Cu audio cable was configured as a microphone cable, and Figure 7 shows the configuration of the various cables used here. The commercial copper headphone cable which is provided with the headphones is common to both, meaning the control test setup here was the same as the control in the previous testing scenario. What changed was the replacement of the commercial microphone cable in Figure 7a to the CNT/Cu cable in Figure 7b. The 3.5 mm and XLR microphone connections on the artificial ears setup were wired off the same IEC711 coupler to where there is no difference in the measurement of either, and the two connectors were offered purely as options for different interfaces. Once again, only the right channel of the headphones was plugged into the standalone DAC/amplifier using the stock headphones cable, and three separate frequency response measurements were collected and averaged.
Figure 7. (a) Control setup for frequency response measurement of the HiFiMAN Arya headphones using commercial copper headphone and microphone cables and (b) the setup using the CNT/Cu audio cable as the microphone cable along with the same commercial headphone cable from before.
Figure 8 compares the frequency response of the headphone’s right channel as measured with the control setup to that with the CNT/Cu cable as the microphone cable. In this case, there was no need to volume match given the headphones were powered from the same configuration across the two tests. There was an even lower discrepancy between the two frequency responses in this configuration, which is logical considering the variable of the headphones was common here. As before, the individual plots themselves were smoothened to an octave scale of 1/12th in Room EQ Wizard, and this did not affect the relative comparisons of the two. The results show that the CNT/Cu audio cable was equally capable of replacing commercial microphone cables.
Figure 8. The frequency response of the HiFiMAN Arya headphones (right channel, averaged over three measurements) using a commercial microphone cable compared to the CNT/Cu cable as the replacement microphone cable.
There are other factors that contribute to how fitting a cable can be for audio transmission beyond just the frequency response measurements, and the cable resistance, capacitance, and impedance are a part of it. The raw CNTs had a measured capacitance of 3.83 nF for a chosen continuous section of CNT buckypaper, which after purification reduced favorably to 6.01 pF, thus indicating there is plenty of scope for improvement with CNT purification for CNT-based audio cables. There are also several subjective traits towards how a cable can influence the sound signature of headphones, but this cannot be quantified and is inherently not part of the scientific principle. Objectively, this proof-of-concept CNT/Cu audio cable has a higher electrical resistance than commercial cables owing to the intrinsic contact resistances previously mentioned, and a CNT/Cu cable made from purified CNTs, in addition to having a soldered connection with the copper wiring, will hypothetically achieve greater results. The small batch of purified CNTs made, whose capacitance was reported earlier, also demonstrated a much-reduced electrical resistance from an average of 2 Ω to 0.95 Ω, bringing it to the same order of magnitude as the copper control with the measured electrical resistance of 0.7 Ω as reported before.
The audio cable reported herein has proven to be durable over the nearly two years of continuous demonstration and use, showing that the less-than-ideal packing of CNTs and the contact with copper is not a detriment in the longevity of the concept itself. We will aim to also prepare other types of CNT/Cu cables in the future, including by using CNT fibers and impregnating Cu inside to have a continuous CNT-Cu-CNT electrical network, which should also make longer audio cables that can be used to power audio devices, such as headphones, microphones, and speakers just as well, if not better, as commercial copper-based cables. The source of the CNTs being waste plastics also makes for an eco-friendly approach, and there is plenty of scope for the upcycling of hydrocarbon wastes [16,17], such as spent surgical masks or supermarket plastic bags, etc., to make for commercial solutions that generate a positive product value, as opposed to having a net negative value in the waste handling process itself.
The scope of this work was initially limited to the use of CNTs, which were produced from carbon sources including polystyrene, to make for an audio cable that can be used for public outreach demonstrations and simple “show and tell” sessions to better showcase the potential of carbon nanotubes from upcycled plastics. The upcycling of waste plastics as a carbon source of the CNTs is also an excellent step towards solving the world’s ever-increasing waste disposal problem. It was quickly realized that the CNT/Cu audio cable could be quantifiably compared to commercial copper cables, as both a headphone and microphone cable and a custom set of artificial ears were procured to aid in the same. This was paired with a set of headphones that used the same 3.5 mm stereo audio connectors for input, facilitating the use of the CNT/Cu audio cable in both use cases. Characterization of the CNTs confirmed again these were multi-walled in nature and conductive enough to perform the necessary actions. Once the volume matched to account for the higher contact resistances in the CNT cable, the objective performance of the CNT/Cu audio cable was found to be equivalent to commercial copper cables. There is scope for further improvement in terms of purification of the CNTs and the development of a more uniform CNT/Cu hybrid cable, which can also have the potential to be significantly thinner and stronger than traditional metal cables for audio applications.
Two patents have been filed from this work. A.O.W. filed: PROCESS FOR REUSE OF PLASTIC THROUGH THE CONVERSION TO CARBON NANOMATERIALS United States Patent Application 20190375639; and A.O.W. filed: CABLES AND METHODS THEREOF United States Patent Application 20210158995.
Conceptualization, V.S.G., T.Y., F.B. and A.O.W.; methodology, V.S.G., T.Y. and F.B.; software, V.S.G.; validation, V.S.G. and F.B.; formal analysis, V.S.G. and F.B.; investigation, V.S.G.; resources, V.S.G. and A.O.W.; data curation, V.S.G.; writing—original draft preparation, V.S.G.; writing—review and editing, V.S.G., F.B. and A.O.W.; visualization, V.S.G.; supervision, A.O.W.; project administration, A.O.W.; funding acquisition, A.O.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
V.S.G. is funded through Salts Healthcare Ltd. A.O.W. is funded through Sêr Cymru II Fellowship by the Welsh Government and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). A.O.W. and T.Y. acknowledge funding from the Welsh Government Circular Economy Capital Fund FY 2020-21. The authors acknowledge access to the SEM provided by the Swansea University AIM Facility, funded in part by the EPSRC (EP/M028267/1), the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government (80708), and the Welsh Government’s Sêr Cymru program. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
We would like to thank TRIMTABS Ltd. for purchasing the equipment required for making audio cables.
Conflicts of Interest
A.O.W. founded TRIMTABS Ltd. All other authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
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What is AI?
AI, or Artificial Intelligence, refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. It involves creating intelligent machines capable of simulating human thought processes, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
AI encompasses a broad range of technologies and techniques, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and expert systems. These technologies enable machines to process and analyze large amounts of data, recognize patterns, and make predictions or decisions based on available information.
Machine learning is a crucial aspect of AI, where algorithms are designed to learn from data and improve their performance over time without explicit programming. By training on vast datasets, machine learning models can recognize patterns, classify information, and make predictions. This ability to learn from data allows AI systems to adapt and improve their performance as they are exposed to new information.
Natural language processing (NLP) enables machines to understand and interpret human language, both written and spoken. NLP techniques are used in applications such as virtual assistants, language translation, sentiment analysis, and text summarization.
Computer vision involves teaching machines to perceive and understand visual information from images or videos. AI-powered computer vision systems can recognize objects, faces, gestures, and even emotions, enabling applications such as facial recognition, object detection, and autonomous driving.
Expert systems are AI programs that emulate the expertise of human specialists in specific domains. These systems use knowledge bases and rule-based reasoning to provide solutions, advice, or recommendations in areas like medicine, finance, and engineering.
AI has the potential to revolutionize various industries and domains. It can automate repetitive tasks, improve decision-making processes, enhance efficiency, and unlock new opportunities for innovation. From self-driving cars and virtual assistants to fraud detection systems and personalized recommendations, AI is transforming the way we live, work, and interact with technology.
However, AI also raises ethical considerations and challenges. Questions about data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential impact on employment need to be addressed to ensure the responsible and beneficial development and deployment of AI systems.
Overall, AI represents a rapidly evolving field that continues to push the boundaries of what machines can achieve, offering immense potential for improving our lives and shaping the future.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, revolutionizing various aspects of our lives. From intelligent virtual assistants to self-driving cars, AI-powered technologies have become increasingly prevalent, enhancing efficiency and recent years, revolutionizing various aspects of our lives. From intelligent virtual assistants to self-driving cars, AI-powered technologies have become increasingly prevalent, enhancing efficiency and transforming industries. As we look ahead to the future, the potential for AI seems boundless. In this article, we delve into the exciting possibilities and potential challenges of the future of AI.
The Emergence of AI in Industries:
AI is poised to redefine various industries, fostering automation, productivity, and innovation. Manufacturing sectors will witness the rise of intelligent robots capable of adapting to dynamic environments and working alongside humans. Healthcare will benefit from AI-driven diagnostics, precision medicine, and personalized treatments, improving patient outcomes. The transportation industry will undergo a significant transformation with the advent of self-driving vehicles, enhancing road safety and reducing congestion.
AI in Everyday Life:
The integration of AI in everyday life will become more prevalent, enhancing convenience and personalization. Intelligent virtual assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, will evolve to provide even more sophisticated and human-like interactions, becoming integral parts of our daily routines. AI-powered home automation systems will optimize energy consumption and enhance security, making our living spaces more efficient and secure. AI algorithms will assist in personalized shopping experiences, entertainment recommendations, and even emotional well-being.
Enhancing Education and Learning:
AI will revolutionize education, providing personalized learning experiences tailored to individual needs. Intelligent tutoring systems will adapt to student’s learning styles, pace, and preferences, facilitating a more engaging and effective learning process. AI-powered educational platforms will analyze vast amounts of data to identify knowledge gaps and recommend targeted interventions. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies will create immersive learning environments, enabling students to explore complex concepts in a more interactive manner.
Ethical and Responsible AI:
As AI continues to advance, addressing ethical concerns will be paramount. Ensuring that AI systems are transparent, explainable, and free from bias will be critical to build trust and accountability. Striking a balance between data privacy and AI innovation will require robust regulations and ethical frameworks. Additionally, considering the potential job displacement caused by automation, society must focus on reskilling and upskilling the workforce to adapt to the changing employment landscape.
AI and Healthcare Breakthroughs:
The future of healthcare will witness groundbreaking advancements driven by AI. AI algorithms will analyze vast amounts of medical data to identify patterns, predict disease outbreaks, and aid in early detection of illnesses. Precision medicine, enabled by AI, will leverage genetic and molecular data to provide personalized treatments. Surgical robots and AI-assisted procedures will enhance surgical precision, minimize invasiveness, and reduce recovery times. Telemedicine, empowered by AI, will enable remote diagnosis and treatment, expanding access to healthcare globally.
AI and Climate Change:
AI can play a crucial role in addressing the challenges posed by climate change. With its ability to process large amounts of data, AI can assist in climate modeling, predicting weather patterns, and optimizing resource allocation. AI-powered systems can analyze energy consumption and offer suggestions for sustainable practices. Additionally, AI can aid in the development of renewable energy sources and facilitate the transition to a greener future.
The Future of Work:
The integration of AI and automation will reshape the future of work. While some jobs may be replaced by AI-driven technologies, new job opportunities will emerge, requiring human skills such as creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. Collaborative work environments, where humans and AI work together, will become more common. Upskilling and lifelong learning will be crucial to adapt to this evolving landscape.
The future of AI holds immense promise and potential, with far-reaching implications for various aspects of our lives. As AI continues to advance, industries will experience significant transformations through automation, productivity enhancements, and innovative applications. From manufacturing to healthcare and transportation, AI-driven technologies will revolutionize these sectors, improving efficiency and outcomes.
In our everyday lives, AI integration will become more prevalent, enhancing convenience and personalization. Virtual assistants will evolve to offer more sophisticated interactions, while AI-powered systems will optimize energy consumption and improve security in our homes. AI algorithms will provide personalized recommendations and support for shopping, entertainment, and emotional well-being.
Education will also undergo a revolution as AI enables personalized learning experiences, adaptive tutoring systems, and immersive virtual environments. The future of work will witness a shift where humans collaborate with AI technologies, requiring individuals to cultivate skills such as creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence.
Addressing ethical considerations surrounding AI, including transparency, bias, and data privacy, will be crucial to ensure trust and accountability. Reskilling and upskilling programs will be necessary to navigate the changing employment landscape brought about by automation.
AI’s potential extends to healthcare, where it will facilitate breakthroughs in diagnostics, personalized treatments, and surgical precision. Furthermore, AI can contribute to tackling climate change by optimizing resource allocation, promoting sustainable practices, and aiding in the development of renewable energy sources.
In conclusion, the future of AI holds exciting possibilities. By harnessing its potential responsibly, we can shape a world where AI enhances our lives, solves complex problems, and contributes to a more sustainable and prosperous future.
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Finding the source of the problem is a difficult aspect of sewage line repair. The time it takes to locate the leak may result in water damage, raising your costs. Cameras for inspecting pipes and sewers are a significant plumbing breakthrough. An above-ground television monitor, on the other hand, displays live footage of your drain. If an issue arises, our experts will respond quickly. This enables us to identify the issue and what needs to be solved. During our Altadena sewer camera inspection, we meticulously explained and showed any system adjustments.
Sewer Camera Inspection In Altadena
What is Sewer Camera Inspection?
In order to inspect your sewer line, you will need to use a sewer camera. This camera employs a long fiber-optic link with a specific camera head at the end to see the sewer system in real-time. A cleanout is required to use the sewer camera. Drain cleaning, jetting, and inspection can all be done from the ground. A specialist can analyze and discover any anomalies in the sewer system using the camera’s transmitter. To locate the issue, the transmitter sends a signal to a specialized locator.


Have you ever struggled to get the green light on your design proposals? Do you feel like your design process needs to be formalized? Is the COVID19 era becoming a challenge for you when working remotely as a designer.
A human-machine interface (HMI) is an interface that allows us to interact with a digital system. No matter what HMI we design, we need to allow users to take advantage of all that a system has to offer. For almost two decades, the personal computer was the first thing that came to mind when we heard about digital HMI. But the situation changed, and today HMI is an integral part of many devices we use daily — mobile phones, smartwatches, IoT devices, and even cars. Car HMI design is a relatively new field with its specifics that you need to be aware of.
My team has experience designing for major automotive companies like Mercedes-Benz and Mitsubishi, and we want to share some practical experience in this article. This article covers HMI car design, touching on why it is an essential aspect of car design.


MIT Students Building Tiny Self-Assembling Robots For Space
If a few MIT grad students get their way, programmable matter is the future.
Think thousands or hundreds of thousands of nanobots assembling and disassembling on command to form the most efficient shape for boosting up into orbit, creating a replacement piece of International Space Station hull plating, a tool to examine an asteroid, or a desk and chair for a hard-working astronaut.
Creating, in a sense, “a kind of recyclable 3D printing,” says Martin Nisser, a PhD student at MIT who’s working with a team to invent new ways of controlling and manoeuvring microbots.
Or Transformers, if you will. Perhaps not quite Optimus Prime just yet, of course.
They’re called ElectroVoxels (voxels = volumetric pixels) and while they’re still in testing, Nisser has found a novel way to allow them to reconfigure themselves quickly and economically.
“One of the big kind of grand challenges with reconfigurable robots is that if you want each of these small modules to be able to move by itself, you have to embed computation, electronic sensors, actuators into every module, and that’s really hard to do as the modules get progressively smaller,” Nisser told me in a recent TechFirst podcast. “The … key technical contribution that we’ve developed is to figure out a way to embed electromagnets into these modules in order to perform the reconfiguration … which is good, because these electromagnets are really, really inexpensive, they’re easy to manufacture, and they don’t require much maintenance.”
Testing happened aboard NASA’s “vomit comet,” a large padded aircraft with the seats removed so scientists and astronauts can experience a few seconds of null gravity during looping parabolic flights.
The current prototypes are about six centimeters long (just over two inches) and have electromagnets embedded in each of their 12 edges. Add a microcontroller and integrated circuits that allow you to regulate the direction current passes through the electromagnets, and you can get the ElectroVoxels to attract or repel each other in sufficiently sophisticated ways to allow pivots around a shared axis and transversal across the face of another ElectroVoxel.
Current shape-shifting, modular robots are comparatively clunky, MIT says. They’re built with large, expensive motors to facilitate movement: think Transformers but about 300 generations earlier.
“If each of those cubes can pivot with respect to their neighbors you can actually reconfigure your first 3D structure into any other arbitrary 3D structure,” Nisser says.
That could be useful for nonstandard tools, or to rearrange mass for spinning motions to initiate a form of artificial gravity via centrifugal force, or to place mass between you and a dangerous solar flare.
Right now the ElectroVoxels are relatively large, so any structures they make will be rather coarse and lumpy. To make them really useful, Nisser and team will have to shrink ElectroVoxels by potentially orders of magnitude.
“We’re working on miniaturizing these modules in order to get a little bit smaller, and you want to build hundreds of thousands of these that can do reconfiguration in order to enable a kind of recyclable 3D printing,” Nisser told me.
Eventually, some modules will carry tools. Other will store power in batteries, while still others might capture energy with solar panels. Still others might contain configurable motors, or even reserves of raw materials like metals or machine parts or even oxygen for temporary space shelters.
But all of that is in the future.
Still, it’s an important challenge to solve if we want smart reconfigurable machines and tools in a place where you can’t just order up a new part and get it delivered tomorrow via Amazon Prime.
“Space is kind of … the final frontier of fabrication,” Nisser says. It’s very, very challenging to build things there. So if you’re able to have things self-assembled without the need to send astronauts up there — which is very dangerous — and to ship everything in one go, that is really advantageous. And kind of paradoxically, while it’s an environment where reconfiguration is so advantageous, reconfiguration is actually in a way, much simpler … because in a microgravity environment, you don’t have to fight gravity vectors.”
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Smok Novo 2 Review – Great Features And a Better Battery Capability
The Smok Novo 2 is Smok’s newest and best mid priced electronic device. It incorporates all of Smok’s high quality features in an easy to use package. What else could you ask for in a mid priced electronic?
Full power output has increased from 10 sixteenW to a lot more than twice of which providing you a very much wider wattage variety. The Smok Novo 2 now instantly adjusts the wattage to provide an individual with a longer, even more comfortable vaporizing experience. Another great fresh feature is a new recessed silicone grooved along the whole bottom of the electrodes so virtually any dripping or moisture build-up or condensation produced while vaporizing is definitely wiped aside. The 2 inch long heating plate has a convection present cooling system built into it to retain your device great during prolonged employ. With the brand new temperature sensing technologies, the Smok Novo 2 allows an individual to precisely control the exact temperature that your gases reach.
The Smok Novo 2 uses the completely different heating plate design compared to the original. The new model incorporates a two-third plate of which spans from leading to bottom. This enables for higher wattage output but likewise permits the heat to become controlled a lot more precisely. When typically the airflow is lowered, the temperature associated with the air becoming blown onto the heating plates keeps constant. With typically the increased wattage result, your vaporizing knowledge is going to be much more enjoyable and effective.
The particular original Smok product utilizes a reliable metal heat copper mineral wire. This was a good design for the time due to the fact it caused tiny heat build-up and a very constant heating plate. Nevertheless , the heat louage through the metal may become thermal destruction over time. As a result, the coils inside of the unit began to be able to form a swimming pool of hot steel, which in turn produced fewer vapor and unsuccessful to produce a quality vapor experience. Inside addition, the metal wires used in the past were not able to assistance very high wattages.
The particular newest version regarding the Smok Novo 2 looks considerably different. It includes a large clear cup front panel having an inset heating element. The glass contains a built-in auto turn off feature that likewise shuts off the heating element any time the device gets to a preset heat. The most apparent difference between the original Smok Novo plus the newer variation will be the size. The particular newer unit is usually almost four periods as wide because the original, generating it nearly twice as big as the original Smok Novo.
The brand new unit also characteristics a built-in rechargeable or ‘draw activated’ cell. The create quality of this particular product should raise some caution flags for potential buyers. The issue along with the build high quality of numerous low top quality vaporizers is that they frequently require you to affect the batteries frequently. This can be expensive because the batteries will certainly have to be replaced regularly inside order to make sure that the product heats up to optimal performance. With a Smok Novo two, you will not need to be able to worry about typically the battery being replaced so frequently because it is going to heat up swiftly and hold a charge for an extended period of time.
One of the biggest problems that I hear about Smok Novo 2’s is that it has an indicator light that moves off and on, even if the unit is just not yet completely recharged. I did find one model that will does not have got this indicator gentle. Other versions have got a very tiny indicator light that glows red vapinger.com thus you realize that typically the unit is totally charged. Even if the battery is just not fully charged, you should be able to inform that something will be wrong because the LED light goes away from sometimes. Lots of customers have indicated of which this indicator lighting makes it very much harder to understand when their batteries are getting reduced.
Overall, Smok Novo a couple of is a very nice electronic cigarette smoking device because it could produce excellent vapour flavors and that has a huge development over the original novo pod vaporizer. However, I possess noticed that the new models may not hold a demand long enough to maintain you away from your pc. If an individual plan to employ this as your only smoking gadget then I claim that you purchase the particular original novo pods. Otherwise, Smok Novo 2 might be best for your spending budget. Smok Novo a couple of is certainly worth checking out.


WELCOME TO JETALL GPU:
Manufacturer of ground power units (GPU) that meets or exceeds the existing published standards; engine driven and plug-in types with the model’s prefix JTL have been available, in 28.5VDC configuration and AC models ranging from 38KVA to 140KVA, on the market since 2003. Many can be found in service at FBO ramps, military bases, airport authorities, airlines and ground handling companies in North/South America, Asia, Europe and Australia.
The advanced technology behind this GPU line is unique. At the core of the JETALL GPU is a simple processor, which acts as the main nerve hub for all the electrical and moving parts in the unit. The processor constantly performs real-time checks of the GPU state and condition; engine, generator, electricity flow, fluids status, protection circuits and maintenance issues. As and when needed, these notifications will be displayed on the main control panel of the GPU. The Perkins type engines that we use are the latest in engine technology available presently. These engines are so efficient that they will not only provide full rated power at lower RPM than other similar units, they also hold some of the lowest carbon emissions ratings in the market today. The combination of our collective efforts makes our product available at 20-25% below the prices of any similar product.
We, at JETALL GPU have also looked carefully at the maintenance and management of the unit, keeping in mind that most GPU upkeep is performed on-site by the owner/operator. The JETALL GPU has the main components set up in a modular fashion, ready to be exchanged by using “Plug Out/Plug In” style components.
Last but not least, when it comes to spare parts JETALL GPU parts cost 40-50% less and are all commercially available on the open market.
For purchase enquiries please contact one of our distributors


Our product line consists of large, vibrant, color touchscreens that are linked to the elevator control system via an interface unit. Elite Touch screens take the place of the traditional car panel pushbuttons, turning the typical button press into a state of the art experience. The graphics on the touchscreen represent destinations served by the elevator. The passengers choose their floor by touching the appropriate area on the screen. The graphics change to alert the rider that the call has been recognized and the elevator takes the passenger to their requested destination. Upon arrival, the screen returns to the original graphics.
Product Name: Touchscreen Car Station


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Extension Connector, USB 3.0 Female to Type A Female 3.0 Cable Coupler, for Connecting Two USB Male Ends Cord, iJiZuo 2-Pack USB 3.0 Coupler USB Female to Female Adapter Gender ChangeriJiZuo
- Note: this is not an otg adapTER. Usb female to female adapter, These adapters greatly simplify data communication and file transfer between computers and devices. Plastic case, sturdy and durable, long service life. Thanks to usb 3.
0 super-speed technology, transfer speeds can be achieved 10 times faster than USB 2. 0 Usb 3. 0 adapter, quickly and easily connect 2 existing uSB cables. Small, light and flexible to use. Applicable to all usb cables and USB computer accessories, Superior construction with aluminum alloy housing to ensure it won't wear out over time.
2. Cable Matters
Cable Matters 2-Pack USB 3.0 Coupler USB Female to Female Adapter Gender ChangerCable Matters
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Premium construction usb 3. 0 coupler has gold-plated connectors that provide durability and resist corrosion; Easy-grip treads make frequent unplugging a breeze. Handy usb coupler connects any usb 3.
0/2. 0/1. X cable with the full-sized Type A male connector to another USB cable. Convenient 2 pack of usb couplers provides a compact extra spare that measures only 2 inches and weighs less than 1 ounce to carry in your laptop bag for traveling or your IT toolkit for testing. Extend the length of an existing cable or connect to an installed cable located in the back of a computer.
|Height||5.84 cm (2.3 Inches)|
|Length||7.11 cm (2.8 Inches)|
|Weight||0.01 kg (0.02 Pounds)|
|Width||0.76 cm (0.3 Inches)|
SuperSpeed USB 3.0 Coupler Adapter Type A Female to Female Bridge Extension Connector by Oxsubor2PCSOxsubor
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|Part Number||USB FEMALE TO FEMALE|
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MainCore USB Female to Female/Socket to Socket 2.0 Adapter Joiner Coupler Extender Extension ConverterMaincore
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Female to female adapter connects two USB sockets A type female together. Usb female to female socket 2. 0 adapter Joiner Coupler Converter.
Akord A Female to A Female USB Adapter CouplerAKORD
- Allows you to connect two USB type-A Male together. Material: PVC. Size : 4. 5 x 1. 8 x 1cm/ 1. 77" x 07" x 04"l*w*h. Usb coupler. Ideal for connect two usb cables with this USB A Female to USB Female Adapter.
|Height||1 cm (0.39 Inches)|
|Length||3.5 cm (1.38 Inches)|
|Weight||0.01 kg (0.02 Pounds)|
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Duttek USB C to USB adaptor , USB C to USB 3.0 Adapter USB 3.1 USB C female to USB A female Adapter Connector Compatible with iPhone 11,Google Pixel,Samsung Galaxy S20,Huawei,Moto Black 2 packDuttek
- Usb type c to usb 3. 0 adaptor is compact and easy to carry, ensure maximum reliability and durability, USB C female to USB A female adapter designed and constructed with high-quality materials, plug and play.
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USB Extension Joiner SuperSpeed 5Gbps Type A Female to Female Adapter USB Cable Lead Coupler Compatible for Laptop Phone U Disk Mouse Keyboard Camera, ELUTENG USB 3.0 Female Connector4 PackELUTENG
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Plug & playplug and play, no additional drivers and operations are required. Usb 3. 0 female coupler eluteng usb 3. 0 female to female coupler usb extension connector, you can connect 2 USB plugs to extend USB cables and convert USB interface to protect original one. Note: it cannot be used as an OTG Adapter.
|Height||1.2 cm (0.47 Inches)|
|Length||4.3 cm (1.69 Inches)|
|Weight||0.02 kg (0.04 Pounds)|
|Width||1.1 cm (0.43 Inches)|
Fast Charging and Data Transfer, Type C to USB A Converter for iphone 11/12/13 and Samsung S20 / S21 / S22, Hoppac USB C Female to USB Male AdapterHoppac
- Port conversion: usb-c female to usb-a male adapter, used for charging or data transmission. Universal compatibility: after connecting this uSB C adapter to a standard USB port, computer, your old devices power bank, laptop, hub can become a platform that supports USB-C.
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|Part Number||adattatore usb c femmina a usb maschio|
|Model||adattatore usb c femmina a usb maschio|
A Female to A Female, 2 USB Connect Cable, Black, deleyCON USB 3.0 Adapter Coupling Connection Coupler ExtensiondeleyCON
- Deleycon usb 3. 0 adapter coupling // usb 3. 0 a female to USB3. 0 a female // for easy connection and extension of existing USB cables. Thanks to usb 3. 0 super-speed technology, transfer rates 10x faster than USB 2.
0 can be achieved // Backwards compatible with USB1. 1 / usb2. 0 . Extend or connect // applicable to all USB cables and USB computer accessories // Size: 4. 5cm // weight: 15g // Color: Black.
Robust plastic housing // secure and firm hold of the connected USB cables // small, light and flexible to use. Usable as usb adapter coupling connection Connector Coupler Extension // quick and easy to connect 2 existing USB cables. Compatible with all common usb cables // usb device cable such as usb cable from: printers, HDD enclosures, mice, webcams, keyboards, USB hubs and more.
Duttek USB C Coupler 40Gbps,USB C female to female Supports 8k@60HZ and 100W fast charging,USB Female to Female Adapter Compatible with Thunderbolt 3/4 ,USB Type C interface devicesDuttek
- Usb female to female adapter supports 8k@60hz audio and video transmission, ultra-high resolution brings realistic visual effects, and the loss of details is almost zero. It can also be used as a Type-C interface extension and can be inserted without checking the orientation.
Strong compatibility: thunderbolt hub is compatible with thunderbolt thunderbolt cable 3, tablet/notebook, docking station, Thunderbolt 4, mobile phone hard disk box, etc. Usb4 is also backward compatible with all standards lower than USB 3.
1. Data, power supply can be carried out at the same time. Usb c female to female interface transfer rate is 40gbps, and the transfer speed reaches 2700Mb/s. High-speed transfer, only 5 seconds for 10GB files， Lightning fast.
It is very conducive to presenting the three-dimensional and spatial sense of the scene, and brings a stronger sense of presence to the audience. Usb c coupler 40gbps fully adopts type-c physical interface, USB Type C Extender Adapter Support 100W fast charging, video, the rate can Up to 40Gbps, and supports bandwidth sharing. Usb c to usb c is small and portable, does not block the socket, wear-resistant and durable, and the operation does not block the hand.
|Height||0.2 cm (0.08 Inches)|
|Length||9 cm (3.54 Inches)|
|Width||6 cm (2.36 Inches)|


PhD thesis: Scalable data management systems for Big Data
Big Data can be characterized by 3 V’s.
Managing Big Data requires fundamental changes in the architecture of data management systems. Data storage should continue innovating in order to adapt to the growth of data. They need to be scalable while maintaining high performance regarding data accesses.
This thesis focuses on building scalable data management systems for Big Data. More specifically, we focus on Big Volume and Big Velocity.
Our first and second contribution address the challenge of providing efficient support for Big Volume of data in data-intensive high performance computing (HPC) environments. Particularly, we address the shortcoming of existing approaches to handle atomic, non-contiguous I/O operations in a scalable fashion. We propose and implement a versioning-based mechanism that can be leveraged to offer isolation for non-contiguous I/O without the need to perform expensive synchronizations. In the context of parallel array processing in HPC, we introduce Pyramid, a large-scale, array-oriented storage system. It revisits the physical organization of data in distributed storage systems for scalable performance. Pyramid favors multidimensional-aware data chunking, that closely matches the access patterns generated by applications. Pyramid also favors a distributed metadata management and a versioning concurrency control to eliminate synchronizations in concurrency.
Our third contribution addresses Big Volume at the scale of the geographically distributed environments. We consider BlobSeer, a distributed versioning-oriented data management service, and we propose BlobSeer-WAN, an extension of BlobSeer optimized for such geographically distributed environments. BlobSeer-WAN takes into account the latency hierarchy by favoring locally metadata accesses. BlobSeer-WAN features asynchronous metadata replication and a vector-clock implementation for collision resolution.
To cope with the Big Velocity characteristic of Big Data, our last contribution feautures DStore, an in-memory document-oriented store that scale vertically by leveraging large memory capability in multicore machines. DStore demonstrates fast and atomic complex transaction processing in data writing, while maintaining high throughput read access. DStore follows a single-threaded execution model to execute update transactions sequentially, while relying on a versioning concurrency control to enable a large number of simultaneous readers.
_ Towards scalable array-oriented active storage: the pyramid approach. Tran V.-T., Nicolae B., Antoniu G. In the ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 46(1):19-25. 2012.
International conferences and workshops:
_ Pyramid: A large-scale array-oriented active storage system. Tran V.-T., Nicolae B., Antoniu G., Bougé L. In The 5thWorkshop on Large Scale Distributed Systems and Middleware (LADIS 2011), Seattle, September 2011.
_ Efficient support for MPI-IO atomicity based on versioning. Tran V.-T., Nicolae B., Antoniu G., Bougé L. In Proceedings of the 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud, and Grid Computing (CCGrid 2011), 514 - 523, Newport Beach, May 2011.
_ Towards A Grid File System Based On A Large-Scale BLOB Management Service. Tran V.-T., Antoniu G., Nicolae B., Bougé L. In CoreGRID ERCIM Working Group Workshop on Grids, P2P and Service computing, Delft, August 2009.
_ Towards a Storage Backend Optimized for Atomic MPI-I/O for Parallel Scientific Applications. Tran V.-T. In The 25th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2011): PhD Forum (2011), 2057 - 2060, Anchorage, May 2011.
_ DStore: An in-memory document-oriented store. Tran V.-T., Narayanan D., Antoniu G., Boug L. INRIA Research Report No. 8188, INRIA, Rennes, France, 2012.


What is Included With a New Residence Protection System?
Residence safety systems contain both people’s personal safety techniques as well as the protection hardware set up on a home. Safety and security hardware generally includes deadbolts, alarm systems, doors, home windows, and other protection gadgets. Additionally, it might include security tools that allows an owner to enjoy his or her residential property 24 hours a day. In this short article, we’ll have a look at exactly how home protection systems job and also some of the most common sorts of systems available. Some of one of the most fundamental components in residence security systems are deadbolts and window sensors. Deadbolts secure a door or window from the inside while window sensing units detect the presence of trespassers. When the sensors show an intruder, a sound alarm is terminated off within your home. If the trespassers are not able to prevail over the sound alarm, they are dislodged and also typically left in chaos. This can be useful in eliminating a criminal component that may be watching your home. Nonetheless, it also positions a false complacency, as well as since these devices become part of the safety circuit, they tape whatever takes place throughout their operation. Some residence protection systems are supplemented with video security video cameras. These cameras can detect movement or changes in a topic’s face. When this takes place, the camera might turn on, videotaping the face of the subject (or things if there are more than one) in black and white. The video is then played for the proprietor to see on a display or mobile gadget. Obviously, the data from these video cameras can not be utilized to determine the subjects in the video, however it does supply a large amount of information about how a trespasser is getting in or leaving your building. Motion sensing units are another important part of numerous home protection systems. These tools are designed to discover the visibility of individuals or pets without appearing the alarm. If a family pet walks in front of a movement sensing unit or a thief triggers the alarm system, the movement sensors will certainly sound the alarm. The home owner can then pick to either sharp the regional authorities or call in the armed safety pressures, that will certainly after that respond to the emergency situation. An additional fundamental part of lots of residence safety and security systems is the control board. The control panel is the command post of the alarm system as well as is what you will utilize to activate or shut down the various sensing units as well as tools. Without the appropriate code, the alarm system can not sound, and the safety and security company will not respond to the phone call. The control board must be maintained in an area where it will certainly be easily offered for fast access by the house owner and need to be kept in an area where it will certainly be easily readable for the alarm system service provider also. Home security systems are gradually getting more advanced and also highly advanced. Because of this, many new home owners may question what exactly is included in a contemporary home security system. The solution may surprise you! Lots of new residence safety systems come equipped with video clip surveillance devices that can capture photos of burglary efforts as well as of the house owner’s house as well as household as they are entering as well as leaving the residential or commercial property. Some systems also have cams that can track and tape-record motion on the video clip footage.


What the latest security news tell us about technology and how best to take advantage of it
Data privacy is a long-term effort, but not everyone gets the idea to invest resources in it. Users can easily be fooled by an attacker in the online space. The latest security news tells about how companies and other organizations react to these technology threats so we can learn from them.
PowerShell scripts ransomware attacks on the rise
With PowerShell, attackers can stealthily gather internal user data and exploit it.
Sophos recently posted that attackers took two months to craft and install PowerShell scripts as services before deploying the ransomware, named Midas.
Midas included repeated iterations, creating Windows services designed to execute several PowerShell scripts the attackers had established, on one machine at a time. In this attack, the target organization never understood or saw an alert that the attacker got into the infrastructure.
Electromagnetic waves & Raspberry Pi counter ransomware
Meanwhile, a technology breakthrough by the researchers from Convolution Neural Networks developed a design to measure the traces of malware from a device. The team says that it was successfully able to detect the presence of malware with near accuracy of 99.82%.
In a recent study, the researchers from the Research Institute of Computer Science and Random Systems in France have been able to detect the presence of malware with a popular portable chipset called Raspberry Pi, using electromagnetic waves.
As Republicworld mentioned, the device developed by the French researchers uses an H-field probe together with Raspberry Pi.
It can detect the presence of magnetic fields produced by weak signals. The malware detection device analyzes and detects the presence of abnormalities in the electromagnetic waves produced by computers that happen to have malware that can be used for computer hacking.
Мulti-factor authentication used by hackers against the second line of defense
According to Proofpoint, hackers who publish phishing kits are beginning to add multi-factor authentication bypassing capabilities to their software. Researchers found that hackers use a new type of kit that does not rely on recreating a target website. It uses a transparent reverse proxy to present the actual website to the victim. This way users falsely believe they’ve entered safely. The truth is that the reverse proxy allows the threat actor to man-in-the-middle (MitM) a session and capture all details like usernames and passwords in real-time, including the session cookie. This is illustrated in the Figure below.
AI and ML can save us from security threats
The answer to counter it? Of course, a machine-learning (ML) algorithm.
With Phoca – a tool using ML scans suspected phishing pages and tries to determine if the website was using a transparent reverse proxy to MitM (Man in the Middle) credentials.
Other security researchers at the University of Plymouth and the University of Portsmouth in the UK transformed the markup and code of web pages into images using “binary visualization” tools. A specially trained model translated the website through a binary visualization network, named MobileNet. According to the researchers’ tests, the algorithm has gotten an accuracy rate of 94% for phishing websites.
Cyber intruders improve their hacking skills and find creative ways to steal data. The examples above are a wake-up calls the security should be a long-term key focus for every organization.