Auto Oil Filters for Electric Cars: Meeting Challenging Requirements
Electric cars are becoming increasingly popular in today’s world, with more and more people choosing to purchase an electric vehicle over a traditional petrol or diesel-powered option. However, with the rise of electric cars comes the need for a new range of products and technologies to support this new type of vehicle. One of these products is the auto oil filter for electric cars. In this article, we will explore the challenges faced by this product and how manufacturers are striving to meet the demanding requirements of electric cars.
The Role of Oil Filters in Electric Cars
Electric cars are designed with the purpose of producing zero emissions, which means they run on electricity stored in batteries instead of burning fuel. However, some electric cars still require a small amount of oil for lubrication and cooling, with such usage expected to increase as electric motors become more powerful and efficient. The auto oil filter for electric cars is a key component that helps ensure that the oil remains clean and free from contaminants, providing the necessary lubrication and cooling that keep the motor running smoothly.
Challenges Faced by Auto Oil Filters for Electric Cars
Auto oil filters for electric cars face unique challenges due to the nature of the vehicle itself. The filters need to be designed to work with electric motors that generate high levels of torque and produce very little engine noise. They also need to be able to handle the high temperatures generated by the electric motor, as well as work efficiently within the tight spaces available in electric car engines. To maintain performance in electric cars, these filters must be able to operate in a higher temperature environment and under greater mechanical stress than traditional filters, making them a challenging product to design and manufacture.
Subheading 1: Designing auto oil filters for electric vehicles
Manufacturers are constantly working on finding new ways to optimize the design of auto oil filters for electric cars. They use advanced materials and manufacturing techniques, such as microfiber filtration elements and high-temperature-resistant materials, to ensure the filters are capable of handling the high temperatures generated by electric car motors. The design of these filters also takes into account the limited space that is available in the electric car engines, requiring them to be more compact and versatile than traditional filters.
Subheading 2: Testing and validation
Auto oil filters for electric cars undergo rigorous testing and validation to ensure they meet the strict requirements of the electric vehicle industry. Manufacturers need to test the filters for their ability to retain contaminants, their resistance to high temperatures, their mechanical strength, and their overall reliability over the lifespan of the filter. Testing is done in specialized facilities that can replicate the conditions found in electric car engines, such as high-temperature environments and high levels of vibration and mechanical stress.
Subheading 3: The future of auto oil filters for electric cars
As electric car technology continues to evolve, so do the requirements for auto oil filters for these vehicles. With the development of more powerful and efficient electric motors, there will be an increasing demand for filters that can handle even higher temperatures and mechanical loads. Manufacturers are already working on new composite materials that can withstand extreme temperatures while providing excellent filtration performance and long-lasting durability.
Subheading 4: Environmental benefits of electric cars
One of the main benefits of electric cars is their positive impact on the environment. They produce zero emissions and are powered by renewable energy sources, making them the most eco-friendly vehicles available today. Auto oil filters for electric cars play an important role in maintaining this environmental performance, as they help ensure that the oil used in these vehicles remains clean and free from harmful contaminants.
Subheading 5: Conclusion
Auto oil filters for electric cars are an essential component that contributes to the reliable performance of these vehicles. The unique challenges faced by these filters require manufacturers to design and engineer them specifically for electric car applications, using advanced materials and manufacturing techniques. As the demand for more powerful and efficient electric vehicles continues to grow, so too will the need for improved auto oil filters that can handle these new requirements..


Need to remove Intel Serial IO from PC? Do you have good any good idea to get rid of it on the computer? The specific driver removal guides here will show you how to do.
For many common PC users, they might not familiar with the Intel Serial IO driver on their computers. And in most of times, it is a bundled bloatware of the computer. So, first of all, let’s make clear what it is.
Intel Serial IO is an installed package that provides Intel Serial IO driver and enable such devices like Intel Serial IO I2C Host Controller – 9CE1, Intel Serial IO I2C Host Controller – 9D62, Intel Serial IO GPIO Host Controller – INT334B and Intel Serial IO GPIO Host Controller – INT334B on the computer. The version I get from the Intel’s official website is 05/21/2015, and most of its users are from the United States, United Kingdom and Germany.
Since Intel Serial IO is not a common-used applications for many people, it becomes a problem when need to remove it on the PC. Actually, there is no different to uninstall Intel Serial IO with other installed programs, but people are still not sure about the right way to remove Intel Serial IO from the computer, like where they should go to remove the driver (Control Panel or Device Manager), or whether the driver removal would affect the system or other applications on the PC. To get a right way of the driver removal, you can see the tips and tricks below.
Note, Windows removing feature cannot remove Intel Serial IO which was not installed successfully or completely on the PC. If you just get this situation on your computer, you will need to delete its associated components manually.
To uninstall those complicated or big-size program, more and more people would like to choose a professional uninstaller to perform the removal, because it is much more easier to complete the removal while comparing to the traditional manual way. Bloatware Uninstaller is a sophisticated bloatware remover that can remove installed applications and drivers from the Windows computer. To get rid of Intel Serial IO or the specific Intel driver, please follow these removing steps(with video):
If the Intel Serial IO was not installed completely on the PC, try this way to remove its related components forcibly:


Networked video is today’s generation in video surveillance and can provide numerous advantages over analog and digital video recorder based systems. Networked video systems (NVS) are developed to utilize Internet Protocol (IP) enabled devices such as computers, network switches and IP cameras.
Modern video surveillance systems are far more advanced than traditional CCTV solutions of the past, and offer many more useful features.
A firewall, VPN (virtual private network) and password protection restrict access to data being stored and transferred. In addition, video camera manufacturers have encryption and IP filtering built into their cameras to help provide an added layer of protection.


Radar is primarily used for applications like tracking and large-scale ranging, and its use for object identification has been rarely explored. This paper introduces RaITIn, a radar-based identification (ID) method for tangible interactions. Unlike conventional radar solutions, RaITIn can track and identify objects on a tabletop scale. We use frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensors to classify different objects embedded with low-cost radar reflectors of varying sizes on a tabletop setup. We also introduce Stackable IDs, where different objects can be stacked and combined to produce unique IDs. The result allows RaITIn to accurately identify visually identical objects embedded with different low-cost reflector configurations. When combined with a radar’s ability for tracking, it creates novel tabletop interaction modalities. We discuss possible applications and areas for future work.


Nyx code solves equations of compressible hydrodynamics on an adaptive grid hierarchy coupled with an N-body treatment of dark matter. The gasdynamics in Nyx uses a finite volume methodology on an adaptive set of 3-D Eulerian grids; dark matter is represented as discrete particles moving under the influence of gravity. Particles are evolved via a particle-mesh method, using Cloud-in-Cell deposition/interpolation scheme. Both baryonic and dark matter contribute to the gravitational field. In addition, Nyx currently includes physics needed to accurately model the intergalactic medium: in optically thin limit and assuming ionization equilibrium, the code calculates heating and cooling processes of the primordial-composition gas in an ionizing ultraviolet background radiation field. Additional physics capabilities are under development.
Nyx is parallelized with MPI + OpenMP, and has been run at parallel concurrency of up to 2,097,152 (on NERSC's Cori).
More information on Nyx can be found here: http://amrex-astro.github.io/Nyx/
If you prefer to run depreciated BoxLib-based version of the code, then you can use the boxlib branch (which will no longer be updated).


Maritime transport has developed considerably over the last twenty years with advances in information technology. With the development of satellite technologies and also new radio frequency-based data transmission systems, data transmission between the ship and the coast is now much faster, more efficient and cheaper than it was a few decades ago. In addition, the price of sensors that monitor the operation of various devices and machines has decreased. This has opened up a whole new world with the digitalisation of maritime transport and also with automation.
Constantly updated weather and environmental information, navigation information, increased automation and the use of remote control on ships facilitate work on the ship’s bridge and, when used correctly, increase both efficiency and, in particular, safety. We can look at maritime automation from the following perspectives:
- Technologies that facilitate navigation, such as maps, weather and ice data.
- Remote monitoring of ship’s equipment and machinery.
- Different reporting, e.g. reporting fuel consumption to shore.
- Development of ports, including automatic mooring and information flow when a ship arrives in a port or needs pilotage, for example. This information can then be utilized in land transportation planning.
- Remote control or remote monitoring of control from countries.
- Automatic driving.
Of particular interest are smart fairways, where more advanced ships receive their navigation information electronically. Intelligent fairways also enable remote pilotage, where pilots would not have to transfer to ships in person, but it would be possible to give instructions from land. Development work has progressed at a rapid pace, and remote piloting will be tested this year on both the Swedish and Finnish fariways.
Perhaps the most important issue in the future of automatic ships is safety. Safety is key to the development and testing of unmanned ships and, above all, to the adoption of new practices. It is to be expected that automatic vessels will first be introduced in national waters licensed by the national authorities, and only later, perhaps even decades from now, will automatic vessels be approved by the IMO and classification societies in international waters.
We will see automated vessels first with very short and safe connections, such as river crossings or as part of a closed logistics chain. These may have less other traffic and, for example, less weather and wave effects, and safety may initially be ensured, for example, by having a pilot on board just for in case needed. Such a single transport chain automatic connection is designed for YARA fertilizer transport, see https://www.kongsberg.com/maritime/support/themes/autonomous-ship-project-key-facts-about-yara-birkeland/
Plans for automatic ocean transportation have not yet been presented. While global attention in waterborne transport has shifted to traffic automation, major changes are underway in transforming waterborne transport into carbon neutral. More on that a little later.
Photo by Vesa Laitinen, Helsinki Material Bank


As the name implies, Blockchains technology platforms will be networks that facilitate protect transaction of digital properties such as cash, equity and smart blockchain technology securities among its users. This technology platform helps in the transfer info in a anchored manner without any form of third party involvement. There are many benefits that one can enjoy by simply implementing a top-notch and feature abundant Blockchain technology platform. The foremost benefit is that this technology platform allows you to avoid the hassles of maintaining and updating the applications that consume time and energy. It also allow you to leverage fresh functionalities and increase the acceleration of decision making.
Thus, a firm can expect to relish an unparalleled level of flexibility by using this technology platform. This technology offers an enterprise-class feature rich and effective encryption system with pre-installed transaction management capabilities in addition to a multi-level level of privacy and secureness application program. As a result, your body will be able to gain industry leading speeds with maximum amounts of transactional secureness. This will immediately save costs, resources and precious time for your organization.
Through this technology, a firm can easily gain access to a range of application designers around the globe, all of which share a similar vision of developing safeguarded, efficient and compliant software applications. With the help of a trusted and international Blockchain technology, you can also ensure that your application works with and leistungsfähig on a global scale. You could expect superior current protection against hackers, strong confidentiality and integrity and instant transaction processing along with end-to-end security assures.


According to Rocha et al. , as a result selleck compound of recent towards technological advances in embedded systems,the processing and memory constraints in WSNs are tending to disappear. However, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the problem of energy constraint remains a critical issue. Furthermore, an external energy Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries supply is usually unavailable and the replacement of batteries is not feasible for large-scale networks as expected for IoT systems. Thus, two of the main design objectives of WSN/IoT applications are to reduce energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime.Another important issue for WSNs/IoT applications is how to mitigate the energy hole or hot-spot problem , where the nodes located closest to the BS or in the most used paths tend to use up their energy resources prematurely .
This leads to a loss of connectivity between a node near to BS and the packets that are sent but not received at BS, which causes a wasteful of energy and wireless resources. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Thus, the route selection scheme must consider the residual energy and end-to-end link quality to avoid the energy holes, while at Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the same time providing load balance and fair distribution of the scarce network resources.Given the characteristics outlined above, a routing protocol for WSN/IoT scenarios must also minimize the signaling overhead, which is responsible for increasing the processing and energy consumption in the nodes Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries as well as increasing Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the packet loss and delay in the network.
Additionally,reliable Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries routes must be selected by using a mechanism to estimate the end-to-end link quality, base don cross-layer information, such as network conditions, energy and hop count.
However, the current routing protocols for Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries IoT applications do not take into account these key features, and novel solutions must be created.This article addresses the problems of ensuring reliability, together with energy-efficiency Cilengitide and load balancing in flat-based (homogeneous nodes) WSN/IoT architectures, by proposing an extended version of a routing protocol based on energy and link quality information (REL) .
REL aims to overcome the drawbacks that have been discussed earlier and allows the data transmission with low latency,packet loss, and high reliability, GSK-3 as well as a fair distribution of wireless resources, while increasing the network lifetime, for various flat-based IoT applications, selleck chemicals llc such as smart parking, intrusion detection,and monitoring of river flows.REL proposes an end-to-end route selection scheme EPZ-5676 order based on cross-layer information with a minimum overhead. To achieve energy-efficiency, the nodes send their residual energy to neighboring nodes by means of an on-demand piggyback scheme. Additionally, REL uses an event-driven mechanism to provide load balancing and avoid the energy hole problem.


Google Maps. Apple Watch. Find My iPhone. Pokémon Go.
If you haven’t noticed, your devices have gotten smarter over the last 10–15 years. We used to be stuck with flimsy maps that were five inches thick when folded and five feet long when spread out. Today, a robotic voice on our phone tells us where to go with scary precision.
These innovations have a common denominator: tracking systems. And there are two that most of us can access on a daily basis: Bluetooth tracking and GPS tracking.
GPS has been around for decades (more on that in a bit), but with Bluetooth tracking starting to grow in popularity, many people confuse the two. More specifically, they believe they can track the same things with Bluetooth that they can with GPS. Spoiler alert: This is not the case.
This blog post thoroughly explains the two technologies, how they differ, and the best uses for each.
What is Bluetooth Tracking?
Bluetooth trackers are tiny devices you can attach to various items—like your wallet, keys, purse, or other objects. The devices connect to your smartphone (or other BLE enabled devices) via Bluetooth, which means you can easily locate them whenever they’re lost.
Bluetooth works via radio waves using a short-range wireless communication technology. Bluetooth trackers typically have a range of accuracy of about 100-130 feet. They are susceptible to interference from other devices.
When you get a Bluetooth tracker, you’ll generally use an app that allows you to track your tagged items. Each tracker has a unique signature that only you, the owner, know—which prevents outsiders from gaining access to your data.
Let’s say you try to leave the house, but you can’t find your keys. Instead of checking all the places they could be—and falling further behind schedule by the second—you check the app to instantly see their location.
But what if you’ve lost connection to the device and can no longer see the location of your keys?
The app has you covered once again. From it, you can activate an alarm that sounds from the tracking device, allowing you or those around the object to find it by following the noise. Think of it as an automated solution to the classic, “I lost my phone. Can you call it?”
Bluetooth trackers can also send notifications to your phone when you’ve left a tracked item behind. No more driving 20 minutes down the road only to realize you forgot your wallet—your phone will warn you before you even leave the neighborhood!
What is GPS Tracking?
GPS uses devices on the ground to send signals to a network of 24 orbiting satellites. This system makes it easy for GPS trackers to locate a person or item with a precision that is generally much finer than Bluetooth, approximately with 15-30 feet.
Unlike Bluetooth tracking, GPS tracking has been used for decades. Introduced in the 1960s, it was first created for strictly military use. Today, it helps your 10-year-old nephew collect Pokémon.
Have you ever wondered how applications like DoorDash know where your delivery driver is? Or how your Garmin watch knows how many miles you’ve run, and where? The answer: GPS tracking.
Similar to Bluetooth, businesses and consumers can (and often do) use GPS tracking for everyday purposes. With a GPS tracking device, delivery businesses (like DoorDash) can get instant updates when a driver picks up an order, makes a pit stop, and arrives at their destination.
The tracking device must be connected to the internet, which it does through integration with a SIM card. Once you’ve attached your tracking hardware to the object you want to track (like a delivery truck), it works with a software app to show you where the object currently is. And because GPS satellites cover virtually the entire surface of the Earth, you typically won’t lose connection—even if the item goes outside of the country or into a remote area.
What are the Differences and Similarities Between Bluetooth and GPS Tracking?
By now, you’ve likely done a little comparing and contrasting in your head. But if you’re still struggling to decide which tracking system you should settle on, let’s clearly define their similarities and differences.
Bluetooth and GPS Differences
- Distance covered: The first (and perhaps most important) difference between Bluetooth and GPS tracking is the range of distance each technology is able to cover. Bluetooth devices only cover 30-40 meters on average, and once the tracked item is outside of this range, it loses its connection to the tracking app. GPS, on the other hand, covers long distances and tracks items and people in motion (not just at a standstill).
- Ability to monitor vehicles: Because Bluetooth is much more limited in terms of distance coverage, it’s basically impossible to track vehicles with this technology. It’s much better for tracking personal belongings.
- Power and battery: Many GPS trackers either get their power from a vehicle’s electrical system or have self-contained batteries. Bluetooth trackers, however, usually last 12 months and tend to have lower battery consumption. Just remember to keep your phone charged. Generally Bluetooth trackers will have a much longer life than a battery-powered GPS tracker.
- Reliance on proximity to a phone: Bluetooth only works when it’s in close distance to a phone or other BLE device. GPS on the other hand does not need to be connected to anything other than GPS satellites.
- Size: Bluetooth trackers will generally be much smaller than GPS Trackers making them more suitable for small items like keys or tools.
Bluetooth and GPS Similarities
- Low price point: You can find Bluetooth trackers for $10–$25 and GPS trackers for around $40. The Bluetooth option is cheaper, but both are quite affordable. However, keep in mind that pricing also depends on which type of GPS tracker you use—some can go way over $50. With GPS Trackers, you will generally have to pay for cellular or satellite data on a monthly basis on top of the hardware expense.
- Water resistance: Bluetooth trackers are water-resistant (meaning they can’t be fully submerged), while most GPS trackers are 100% waterproof (meaning they can be fully submerged).
- Location history: Sometimes, knowing where an item was is just as important as knowing where it currently is. Both Bluetooth and GPS tracking devices give you a glimpse into the past so you know the full history of your tracked item’s journey.
- Notifications or updates: Bluetooth tracking systems send notifications when you’ve traveled a certain distance without your tracked item. GPS tracking systems, on the other hand, send information based on the triggers you set. For example, you may choose to receive notifications each time an item leaves a defined boundary or stops for more than a certain amount of time.
When Should I Use Bluetooth Tracking vs. GPS Tracking?
Both technologies are quite versatile, but there are certain use cases that lend themselves to one solution over the other. Here are some of the most common ones.
Know where your small personal belongings are at all times.
I said it already, so I’ll keep this short and sweet: Bluetooth tracking is the absolute best way to keep track of your personal belongings—keys, wallet, purse, backpack, phone, chargers, and the like.
Never lose your remote.
Picture this: you just sat down after a long workday, blanket over your lap and dinner plate in hand—only to realize the TV remote is not at its usual station on the couch armrest.
Now, you not only have to get up from your comfortable position—you also have to embark on a hunt. With a Bluetooth tracker, this wouldn’t be a problem. You’d simply pull up the app on your smartphone and immediately see where the remote wandered off to this time.
Find your parked car.
Another common problem that Bluetooth tracking can easily solve: forgetting where you parked the car. Simply tag the device to your car and pull out your app once you’ve re-entered the parking lot.
Keep track of your luggage while traveling.
Losing luggage while traveling happens more often than you might think. With a Bluetooth tracker, you can recover your bag immediately should the need arise.
Find your lost pet.
Dogs and cats go missing all the time. Sometimes, they’re only gone for an hour. But if the thrill of adventure takes Fido away for a few days or more, it can leave us humans feeling beside ourselves.
Because Bluetooth trackers can only locate tagged items within 30–40 meters, you’ll need to use a GPS device to monitor your pet’s whereabouts. The good news is that many devices are compact enough to easily fit on your pet’s collar.
Monitor delivery drivers.
GPS tracking is becoming a popular solution for delivery and mobile service businesses. Not only can you see how much progress your drivers have made on their journeys, but you can also provide customers with accurate updates on their order arrival times. Learn more about GPS tracking for fleet management here.
Track military troops and vehicles.
As I mentioned earlier, GPS tracking was first used solely for military purposes, and it is still used today to track troop movements, aircraft, sea navigation, and units stationed in unfamiliar locations.
What’s more, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, or “drones”) are made possible by GPS tracking. This technological advancement further protects those in service, as it allows them to see and operate in extremely dangerous locations.
Recover stolen items.
Tracking high-value assets, equipment, or inventory with GPS devices makes recovering them in the event of theft a piece of cake (assuming the thief doesn’t know they’re being tracked).
For example, many car dealerships lean on GPS to track vehicles in their lots. Learn more about GPS tracking for asset monitoring here.
Log recreational activities and exercise.
Runners, hikers, and cyclists are just a few hobbyists who leverage GPS tracking for recreational purposes—although they might not know it. Watches that track your distance and pace, for example, exist thanks to GPS.
Bluetooth and GPS tracking are multipurpose technologies used every day around the entire world. Whether you’re optimizing a fleet of business vehicles or simply trying to remember where you put those darn keys, you can harness the power of one (or both) of these systems to make your life a little easier


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Since 1995, CompuTime™ network engineers and technicians have been working with companies to craft and implement technology solutions. Our technicians are certified Microsoft Product Specialists with an A+ rating in design, implementing and maintaining networking systems, sophisticated solutions for Virtual Private Networking (VPN), wireless connectivity, and inter-office networking (LAN and WAN).
CompuTime™ network technicians are qualified to effectively plan, implement, maintain and support information systems in a wide range of computing environments.


SanDiskÂ® microSDHCâ„˘ mobile memory cards are the ideal companion for multimedia phones because they plug right inside the phone providing immediate expansion of memory storage needed for carrying more music, video, photos, games, and mobile software applications in the latest generation of phones.
SanDiskÂ® microSDHCâ„˘ 32GB* mobile memory cards are a popular way to store your music, videos, photos, games, files and applications on cell phones with memory card slots.
Available in 32GB capacity
Seamless speed and performance with microSDHC - compatible devices
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5-year limited warranty**


Who / What / Where / When – You’ll find it all below!
This website is about a research project dedicated to research on behavioural correlates of familiarity in pedestrian wayfinders. Its basic hypothesis is that people change their behaviour as a function of the degree as to which they know an area they are walking through. This change in behaviour can be subtle and unconscientious. Hence, a variety of sensors (GPS receiver, IMU sensors and mobile eye tracking devices) is involved. I am going to use inductive statistics as well as artificial intelligence methods to analyze this sensory data.
Markus Kattenbeck carries out the research throughout this project. He is a post-doctoral researcher specializing in in-situ human subject studies on wayfinding, spatial cognition and human information behaviour.
This project is being funded by the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 101026774.
BENEFICIARY: TU Wien (formerly known as Vienna University of Technology)


Welcome to your setup guide! Complete your hearing solution set up by following five simple steps. You'll be wearing your solution and hearing the sounds you love again in no time!
1. What comes in the box?
In the box, you will have found the set-up guide pamphlet as well as:
- Hearing solution (both the left and right)
- Cleaning brush and wipe
- Wax filter
- Warranty card
- User guide
2. Getting to know your hearing solution
3. How to tell left from right
- One device will be for your right ear and one for your left. You can tell the difference by the colour on the receiver portion of the device which fits into your ear.
- The solution with a red marking is for your right ear.
- The solution with a blue marking is for your left ear.
4. How to turn your solution on/off
Your solution is automatically turned on when removed from the charger and turns off when placed in the charger.
They can also be turned on and off manually by pressing the push button.
- Turn on, press button for 5 seconds.
- Turn off, press button for 5 seconds.
NOTE: When the hearing aid turns on, the LED lights up. When the hearing aid turns off, the LED flashes 3 times.
5. How to charge your rechargeable hearing solution
Your hearing solution will have full charge when it arrives. However, to continue connecting the solution to the app in the next step, you will be asked to place your solution on charge. To charge your solution, plug in your charger and place the devices in the charger as shown below.
|Plug the power adaptor into a power outlet and connect the charging cable to the hearing aid charger.
| Place your hearing aid receivers into the charging bays.
The right hearing aid goes into the charging bay with the red colour coding.
The left hearing aid goes into the charging bay with the blue colour coding.
|While the devices are charging the lights on your devices will blink.
|Once they are fully charged this like will become solid. Your devices will be fully charged within 3 hours.
Don’t hesitate to get in touch if you need any support with the instructions above as you begin to get to know your hearing solution. We’re always happy to help! You can contact us via LiveChat, by pressing the button on the bottom right of the screen, or send us an inquiry here: Contact us
Please press 'next step' to continue setting up your solution.


24v G4 3W LED Downlights – Long Lasting Internal trailer lights
The G4 light bulbs in trailers blow quite often as they are usually on all the time. These LED replacements use less power, generate more light and last much, much longer.
They have pins on the back that fit vertically into the original fitting, the LED panel then faces directly down to ensure all of that light goes to where it’s needed.
A very cost effective and worthwhile upgrade if you want to either save money or are just fed up with replacing the halogen G4 bulbs every so often.
By the way, the little plastic pin holder is to be removed before fitting by just sliding it off. It’s just on there to keep the pins from being bent while stored.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


CYBERSEC agenda with its holistic and innovative approach reflects the most up-to-date challenges of the digital world and takes into account the standpoint of many different milieus and sectors.
Creation and implementation of the most important public policies, strategies and regulations to advance secure digital transformation and to protect democracy.
• Secure 5G infrastructure as a backbone of digital transformation
• Lessons Learnt from 2019 Elections
Expanding defence cooperation and innovation in the defence sector as a response to emerging dimension for cyber and hybrid conflicts.
• Security among the Alliance, building capabilities together
• Hedging against hybrid threats
• Cybersecurity of drones in remote military operations
• Revealing power of OSINT in the digital environment
Security challenges of implementing emerging technologies – Artificial Intelligence, 5G, quantum computing, blockchain – for the global economy and information society.
• Geopolitics of cybersecurity – forthcoming implications of the digital cold war
• Countering AI-powered threats
Emerging role of the private sector in keeping cyberspace safe, the main challenges and the regulatory framework.
• Industrial cyberespionage campaigns
• Building the resilience of Industry 4.0 by protecting the Industrial IOT (IIoT)
• Securing the digital transformation of financial services


Marc is a 20-year veteran and entrepreneur in cyber security. In that period he was a founder and CTO of TippingPoint Technologies (acquired by 3Com), founder and CEO of Click Security (acquired by Alert Logic) and now founder and CEO of Spyderbat. He is drawn to the challenge of complex problems in security and finding innovative and practical solutions for them. Prior to his career in cyber security, Marc spent 10 years at the T.J. Watson Research Center of IBM. He received a doctorate in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University and a bachelor degree in Computer and Electronic Engineering from George Mason University. He has 24 patents and has published more than 50 articles.


Monitoring System of Drowsiness and Lost Focused Driver Using Raspberry Pi
Background: Drowsiness condition is one of the significant factors often encountered when an accident occurs. We aimed to detect a method to prevent accidents caused by drowsiness and lost a focused driver.
Methods: The image processing technique has been capable of detecting the characteristic of drowsiness and lost focus driver in real-time using Raspberry Pi. Video samples were processed using the Haar Cascade Classifier method to identify areas of the face, eyes, and mouth so that drowsy conditions. The methods can be determined based on the bject detected.
Results: Two parameters were determined, the lost focused and drowsiness driver. The highest accuracy value for driver lost focused detection was 88.00%, while the highest accuracy value for drowsiness driver detection was 90.40%.
Conclusion: In general, a system developed with image processing methods has been able to monitor the drowsiness and lost focused drivers with high accuracy. This system still needs improvements to increase performance.
2. Poursadeghiyan M, Adel MA, Saraji GN, et al (2018). Using Image Processing in the Proposed Drowsiness Detection System Design. Iran J Public Health, 47(9):1371-1378.
3. Poursadeghiyan M, Mazlaumi A, Saraji GN, et al (2017). Determination the Levels of Subjective and Observer Rating of Drowsiness and Their Associations with Facial Dynamic Changes. Iran J Public Health, 46(1): 93–102.
4. Vesselenyi T, Moca S, Rus A, et al (2017). Driver drowsiness detection using ANN image processing. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng, pp. : 1 – 8.
5. Kholerdi HA, Nejad NT, Ghaderi R, Baleghi Y (2016). Driver's drowsiness detection using an enhanced image processing technique inspired by the human visual system. J Connect Sci, 28 (1) : 27 – 46.
6. Ming AL, Cheng Z, Jin FY (2010). An EEG-based Method For Detecting Drowsy Driving State. Proceeding of 7th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), pp. : 2164-2167.
7. Garces CA, Laciar LE (2010). An Automatic Detector of Drowsiness Based on Spectral Analysis and Wavelet Decomposition of EEG Records. Proceeding of IEEE Anual International Conference of The Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. : 1405-1408.
8. Vicente J, Laguna P, Bartra A, Bailon R (2011). Detection of Drivers' Drowsiness by Means of HRV Analysis. Computing in Cardiology 2011, Hangzhou, China, 18 – 21, pp. : 89-92.
9. Suryaprasad J, Sandesh D, Saraswathi V, et al (2013). Real-Time Drowsy Driver Detection Using Haarcascade Samples. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT )CP, 45–54.
10. Ingre M, Akerstedt T, Peters B, et al (2006). Subjectives Sleepiness, Simulated Driving Performance and Blink Duration: Examining Individual Differences. J Sleep Re, 15(1) : 47-53.
11. Bergasa LM, Nuevo J, Sotelo MA, Barea R (2004). Real-time System for Monitoring Driver Vigilance. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 7:63-77.
12. Viola P, Jones M (2001). Rapid Object Detection Using Boosted Cascade of Simple Features. Proc. of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 8-14, Kauai, Hawaii, USA, pp. : 1 – 9.
13. Adi K, Widodo AP, Widodo CE, et al (2019). Detecting driver drowsiness using total pixel algorithm. J Phys Conf Ser, 1 – 6.
14. Adi K, Widodo CE, Widodo AP, et al (2018). Detection lung cancer using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and back propagation neural network classification. J Eng Sci Technol Rev, 11(2) : 8-12
15. Gonzalez RC, Woods RE, Eddins SL (2009). Digital Image Processing using MATLAB. 2nd ed. Gatesmark Publishing, United Stated of America, pp.: 12 – 67.
16. Adi K, Suksmono AB, Mengko TLR, Gunawan H (2010). Phase unwrapping by Markov Chain Monte Carlo energy minimization. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 7(4) : 704-707.
17. Jain AK (1986). Fundamental of Digital Image Processing. Prentice Hall, United State of America, pp. 49 – 75.
18. Wilhelm B, Mark JB (2007). Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. : 199 – 234.
19. Revathy N, Guhan T (2012). Face recognition system using backpropagation artificial neural networks. Int J Adv Eng Technol, 3(1) : 321 – 324.
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Distributed Space System (DSS) -
An end-to-end system including
two or more space vehicles and
a cooperative infrastructure for
data acquisition, processing,
analysis and distribution.
Distributed Space Systems Lab (DSSL) is a research laboratory at the Technion, led by Professor Pini Gurfil and comprising of an interdisciplinary group of research staff and graduate students from Technion as well as international universities.
DSSL's vision is to generate knowledge and experience that will enable to launch and operate multiple-satellite missions. DSSL is committed to performing advanced research in astrodynamics, satellite dynamics, and orbit control, as well as related disciplines.
DSSL's experimental facilities include a 4x4 meter air-bearing table, nanosatellite models, sensors, and actuators.
Flight Algorithms for Disaggregated Space Architectures (FADER) is DSSL's main funded research.
ADELIS-SAMSON is DSSL's cluster flight project, funded by the ADELIS foundation, the Goldstein foundation, and the Israeli Space Agency. See samson.technion.ac.il
DriveSat is a 2U Cubesat mission to test a reaction wheel developed by DSSL and a vacuum arc thruster developed by the Aerospace Plasma Lab.
The inauguration of the Adelis Mission Control Center (SAMSON's ground station) will be held on June 11, 13:45, at ASRI.


Prof. Dorita Rostkier-Edelstein
M3 Lab: Mesoscale Meteorology and Modeling
Associate Professor (Adjunct)
Room 304 South
My research focuses on mesoscale meteorology and modeling and pursues to improve numerical weather and climate prediction at high spatial resolution, with special attention to planetary boundary layer (PBL) phenomena. I have put special emphasis on developing data assimilation (DA) approaches that can optimally improve model initial conditions in the PBL by assimilation of observations into the model. Moreover, much of my efforts have been devoted to developing and improving dynamical downscaling methods to efficiently achieve computationally expensive high resolution climatographies (model calculated climatology). In addition, I have developed analogues and weather-regimes based downscaling methods and applied them in seasonal forecasts and future climate predictions of precipitation. The use of observations and models provide me the tools to better understand the physical and dynamical processes responsible for the mesoscale phenomena of interest such as sea-land breeze, foehn and hydraulic jumps, among others. I have dedicated efforts to study meteorological phenomena beyond the PBL including transport of mineral dust.
I lead several projects and collaborate in others. In all of them my contribution is significant to make them possible.
Ongoing and future projects:
Data assimilation of opportunistic observations to improve convection scale precipitation forecasts using WRF model and DART ensemble Kalman filter DA.
Mesosocale modeling over urban areas for air pollution applications using WRF model with mesoscale urban parameterizations
Analysis of Mediterranean cyclones in present and future global and regional climate models and their connection to precipitation using analogues downscaling methods.
Improvement of atmospheric dust-aerosol model by incorporation of a turbulent thermal diffusion parameterization and improved dust-soil emission parameters using WRF-Chem model and field measurements.
Application of machine learning techniques to estimate future climate projections of meteorological variables affecting human health.


. But sometimes you get negative voltage in a circuit, and it's good to know what it is. One example where you get negative voltage is in the astable multivibrator circuit. Sometimes you see circuits that need a power supply with three connections, for example, +9V, 0V, and -9V. This is very common for amplifier circuits What is Negative Voltage? Negative voltage in a circuit is voltage that is more negative in polarity than the ground of the circuit. A voltage source has positive or negative polarity depending on its orientation in a circuit. In the case when a voltage source has negative voltage, it just means the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the positive side of the circuit and the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the negative side of the circuit Some lcds need a negative supply voltage for their contrast [...] driver (normally those lcd with extended temperature range). This negative voltage is generated by the MAX232 and is therefore a little bit weak Figure 1. Negative supply voltage requirement in a DAC application generating bipolar signals. Generating a negative voltage using a transformer. One of the easiest ways of generating a negative voltage is to add an additional winding to an existing transformer based power supply. By the transformer coupling, energy stored in a transformer core (flyback topology) or current flowing through the primary winding (forward topology) is injected into a secondary winding. This current.
converter, as illustrated in Figure 1. The negative terminal of the input supply is connected to the VOUT pin of the μModule regulator and the GND pin is tied to the -V OUT rail. The actual input voltage (V IN') seen by the μModule regulator is the difference between the input supply (V IN) and the output voltage (-VOUT). This voltage must b By negative voltage, we mean that one voltage is lower than a system's ground potential. Figure 1 shows an example with a supply voltage of 3.3 V and a system ground potential of 0 V. In such a system, the signals of a sensor shall be measured and recorded. These signals may be between +2.5 V and -2.5 V. For sensing these signals, we are using an operational amplifier that requires a. Many analog circuits in industrial and medical applications require both positive and negative supply voltages to operate. If a negative supply voltage is not available on the circuit board, a small and efficient solution takes some power management expertise to develop, especially when the output power is more than a few watts. A discrete switching regulator is often used to derive both a positive and negative output voltage, bu Other voltages are possible with logic, but single-supply operation is nearly universal. Analog IC's often have dual polarity supplies so their outputs can swing both positive and negative. While some may be limited to +/-5, +/-12 is probably most common still
Negative voltage is generated by a regulated inverting charge pump followed by a low-noise negative LDO. The inverting charge pump of the LM27762 device operates at 2-MHz (typical) switching frequency to reduce output resistance and voltage ripple. Positive voltage is generated from the input by a low-noise positive LDO voltage negative power rails, such as the -48V supplies commonly used in telecommunications equipment. To con-trol a MOSFET switching a -48V rail with this circuit, one would simply connect the optocoupler's collector terminal to a negative voltage supply that would not damage the MOSFET's gate (e.g. -40V). Monitoring Negative Power Supplies The other side of controlling a negative power. Standard opamps can't work with input voltages close to the power supply, neither V+ or V-. Same for the output: they don't go all the way to V+ or V-. What you need is a rail-to-rail I/O opamp. (There are also opamps which are only input or output rail-to-rail!). Also, most opamps want a dual supply, often minimum +5V/-5V. Since you're using it as a single supply opamp, your V+ - V- difference may be too low for normal operation
You are correct. Signals below GND (pin) voltage are not allowed for the LTC2945. You can tie the GND pin (and optionally PAD, which is not connected internally, but does provide thermal advantages) to the lowest potential (your negative supply). So you can power the LTC2945 by hooking-up the GND pin to any negative voltage more than -4V How to get negative voltage supply from +DC Voltage supply. Thread starter leongch; Start date Mar 22, 2006; Status Not open for further replies. Mar 22, 2006 #1 L. leongch Member level 2. Joined Dec 22, 2005 Messages 44 Helped 1 Reputation 2 Reaction score 0 Trophy points 1,286 Activity points 1,692 negative voltage supply hi, i only got DC adapter and 78L12 and 78L05 how could i get a. Current Sensing on a Negative Voltage Supply Rail, using a Precision Instrumentation Amplifier By: Akshay Bhat, Senior Strategic Applications Engineer Prashanth Holenarsipur, Manager, Corporate Applications, Amplifiers & Sensors Dec 21, 2007 Abstract: Applications like ISDN and telecom systems need a negative voltage, current-sense amplifier. This application note describes one method for. Hello, AD8145 operates from +5V & -5V ADV3201 operates from +3.3V & -3.3V In case without negative supply powered on the both the IC's, What will happen th Re: Negative Voltage From Positive Supply. « Reply #2 on: May 01, 2019, 03:08:54 am ». He has connected the GND to the negative output. This generally should work with a few caveats. The first is that the input voltage seen by the buck module is actually the input to output voltage so you have to watch for input range
. This is the yellow wire in the photo. I don't know how much current will provide but it should be enough to power an opamp or two. It probably says that somewhere in the datasheet. The voltage levels it produced on the negative pin mirrored the positive pin to within 0.01 of a volt A negative supply voltage is needed in a variety of applications, but only a few DCDC converters are available on the market. OLED, a new display type especially suited for small digital camera or mobile phone displays. Design challenges that came up when negative voltages have to be handled on chip will be discussed, such as continuous/discontinuous mode transition problems, negative voltage. Negative power supply voltage converter module, providing a negative supply voltage dual-supply op amps or need negative voltage equipment Onboard Chip LED power indicator With short circuit and overload protection Operating Voltage: 3-15V Standby Current: 1mA Output Voltage: -1.25V to -15V continuously adjustable Conversion Efficiency:> 83% Output Current: 300mA (input voltage higher output. In a positive voltage reference a non-inverting op-amp buffer is often included to scale the output voltage and supply any current needed in the load. The obvious method for generating a negative reference voltage is to instead use an inverting op-amp stage as shown in the figure. This approach requires two precision matched resistors, R 1 and R 2. Errors in the matching, in addition to any. Negative voltage can be derived in different ways. For example, in an AC power supply, such as you mentioned a rectifier is normally used to separate the negative and positive pulses of the sine wave. If we utilize a center tapped transformer and use the center tap for our ground then we will also have both a positive and a negative pulse to work with. In a DC circuit we consider that.
how to measure negative voltage. tim1365 May 28, 2018, 3:29pm #1. Dear all, I want to use arduino to read an output of photodector. But the output voltage is on the negative voltage range and depending of incident light is in the range from -100mV to -1V. How to convert the signal from negative to positive region, idealy via 1:1 invertor Circuit senses high-side current from negative supply. Jan 26th, 1998. The circuit shown monitors the flow of load current into a negative voltage source (Fig. 1). This requirement often arises in.
So if an output voltage of a power supply (output terminal to output terminal) is above around 50 V DC, or if you purposely float off earth ground a lower output voltage to more than around 50 V DC off earth ground, you must be very careful. My point about there being no power behind a voltage was under different circumstances. If you are using a power supply without connecting another source. Input Voltage Range Single 5V Supply 6 6 -3.75 1.25 3.5 3.5 V V CMRR Common Mode Rejection -3.75V ≤ VCM ≤ 3.5V 1 80 90 2, 3 dB PSRR Supply Voltage Rejection Positive Supply 4.6V ≤ V+ ≤ 5.4V 60 75 1 54 2, 3 dB Negative Supply -7V ≤ V- ≤ -2V 80 100 1 80 2, 3 dB AV Small-Signal Voltage Gain 1V ≤ VOUT ≤ 2V 1400 3000 4 V/
In this tutorial, we will demonstrate a circuit of a Negative Voltage Generator using a 555 timer IC. Most of the time we need a negative voltage for some applications in electronics. Using a negative supply source is not reliable when it's needed for low current applications. There are options available commercially but they are usually. Bleeder bias: The voltage drop across a portion of a resistance across the plate voltage supply determines the grid bias. The cathode is connected to a tap on the resistance. The grid is connected to an appropriate impedance that provides a DC path either to the negative side of the plate voltage supply or to another tap on the same resistance. Initial velocity bias (contact bias): Initial.
Design, Analysis &Implementation of Negative High Voltage DC Power Supply Using Voltage Multiplier Circuits. Abbas Ahmadi. Related Papers. Step-Up DC-DC Converters: A Comprehensive Review of Voltage Boosting Techniques, Topologies, and Applications. By Mojtaba Forouzesh. A Review on Voltage Boosting Techniques for Step-Up DC-DC Converters . By Mojtaba Forouzesh. Design And Implementation Of. The circuit shown will convert a positive voltage in the range of +1.5 V to +10 V, into a corresponding negative voltage in the same range -1.5 V to -10 V. The application for this chip is very simple and requires just two electrolytic capacitors of 10-µF value. The circuit is ideal if you need a negative DC voltage. For example, if the supply. I am not using AC; I am using two 12 VDC @ 1 A power supplies wired with the positive of one power supply and the negative of the other connected as a common. That leaves one lead at 12 VDC positive and the other 12 VDC negative. D. dougy83 Well-Known Member. Sep 8, 2020 #17 From what you've said, one of your power supplies is faulty, and putting out a flashing voltage; the simple solution. Negative supply voltage: V EE: V SS: V− : V S−: Ground: GND: GND: 0: 0 The simplest labels are V+ and V−, but internal design and historical traditions have led to a variety of other labels being used. V+ and V− may also refer to the non-inverting (+) and inverting (−) voltage inputs of ICs like op amps. For power supplies sometimes one of the supply rails will be referred to as.
Finden Sie Top-Angebote für DC-DC 5 ~ 12V bis -1 ~ - 15V verstellbar negative Power Supply Voltage Generator NEU bei eBay. Kostenlose Lieferung für viele Artikel Creating a negative voltage from a positive one. If you use opamps like the TL082/84 you'll be in need of a split power supply. That is a power supply that has a positive voltage, ground, and the equivalent negative voltage (eg +5v, 0v, -5v). Since most audio signals are AC you need the opamp to operate in this range to be able to.
The LM317 requires a greater voltage on the input than the out. Since 0 volts is greater than negative this idea should work. R1 needs to be wired backwards on the negative side because more resistance means more output voltage. In this case 0 volts is more. We don't want that so we wire the pot backwards so the clockwise turn gives you less resistance. Just be sure to add filters and such 7800 series voltage regulator negative supply circuit. Although there are the 7900 series regulators for negative supplies, there are some occasions when a negative supply regulator is required and one may not be available, or it may be necessary to reduce the electronic component count. Either way it is possible to use a 7800 series regulator with a few changes tot he circuit to regulate a. My HVG10 high voltage power supply puts out from 24kV to 75kV positive with respect to ground whereas I needed something that put out just a few thousand volts negative with respect to ground, positive with respect to ground and ground too. Luckily, my HVG10 contains a single circuit board immersed in mineral oil that is all that needed to be replaced in order to do this
Voltmeter for negative voltage. I built the basic LM317/LM137 dual power supply that is shown on the LM317 schematic. Works fine and Im happy with it. Now, Im trying to use the same volt/ammeter meter (that basic mini volt/ammeter pic below). I tried using a 3PDT switch to make the commutation and switch the current probes and the voltage probe Power-supply designers can choose from a plethora of available positive buck regulators that can also serve as negative boost DC/DC converters. Some buck regulators have a negative-feedback reference voltage expressly for this purpose, but ICs that have positive-reference feedback voltages far outnumber these negative-feedback regulators. You can take advantage of this greater variety of. Voltage Unbalance (or Imbalance) is defined by IEEE as the ratio of the negative or zero sequence component to the positive sequence component. In simple terms, it is a voltage variation in a power system in which the voltage magnitudes or the phase angle differences between them are not equal. It follows that this power quality problem affects only polyphase systems (e.g. three-phase.
Single Supply vs Dual Supply OPAMP, Negative Rail and Positive Rail, EASY! Voltage Follower =====Check other videos: http://.. 9V negative power supply circuit, low ripple. This is a simple 9V negative power supply circuit that low ripple unregulated circuit. It has an output current of about 1A max. Often we make many positive voltage supplies. But we sometimes need to make negative power circuit. See in the circuit below
A negative supply voltage begins at first potential and decreases to the first negative regulation voltage level. Une tension d'alimentation négative part d'un premier potentiel et décroît jusqu'au premier niveau de tension de régulation négative. stemming. Example sentences with negative supply voltage, translation memory. Every power supply has a driving emf and an internal source resistance.If the current drawn from the supply is too high. its output voltage will begin to decrease than its driving emfs.This is the. A negative supply voltage generating circuit includes a pulse generating circuit and a charge pump. The pulse generating circuit generates a first pulse signal and a second pulse signal in response to a clock signal. The first and second pulse signals have pulse widths different from each other. The charge pump generates a negative supply voltage by performing a charge pumping operation in. Finden Sie Top-Angebote für Lm2662 +/- 5v Switched Kondensator negative Spannungswandler Netzteil Modul bei eBay. Kostenlose Lieferung für viele Artikel Regulated negative voltage supply . United States Patent 4278929 . Abstract: A single chip MOS regulated negative power supply is comprised of first, second and third strings of field effect transistors and first and second amplifiers. The first string in conjunction with the zener diode develops a reference voltage which then passes through a voltage to current converter comprised of a first.
supply voltage for applications that require a negative rail. The MIC5271 sinks 100 mA of output current at very low dropout voltage (500 mV typical, 700 mV maximum at 100 mA of output current). The µCap regulator design is optimized to work with low-value, low-cost ceramic capacitors. The output typically requires only a 1 µF capacitance for stability. Designed for applications where small. A negative voltage detector including a resistor divider circuit is used to translate a negative voltage into a standard CMOS logic low or logic high value. The small area consumed by the negative voltage divider allows multiple device placement within a logic device without the consumption of much area on the logic device. Additionally, the multiple devices placed may detect different. negative supply output according only to application requirements. If a negative output is required, then a buck-boost can be implemented (see Figure 3). Good output voltage precision is achi eved with a regulator that consists of Q1A, D4, R6 and R7. A buck-boost is as simple to implement as a buck, and offers better output voltage stability a Low supply voltage negative charge pump . United States Patent 5973979 . Abstract: A low supply voltage negative charge pump for generating a relatively high negative voltage to control gates of selected memory cells via wordlines in an array of flash EEPROM memory cells during flash erasure includes charge pump means (210) formed of a plurality of charge pump stages (201-206) and coupling. The J2123A negative voltage line injector, like the J2120A positive voltage line injector, is used to superimpose an AC modulation signal on a DC source voltage for Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR), Power Supply Modulation Ratio (PSMR), and Audio Amplifier Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) testing. These applications require very low output noise, as well as a low output impedance over a.
If the positive-side load comes on first, then the regulator must be able to deliver this current into a zero voltage load (no foldback). - Fault handling: ensure that, if a positive supply gets shorted to the negative supply, the chip can handle it (usually, the result is that it should have active current limiting) NEGATIVE VOLTAGE Circuit. A negative supply can be produced by a Charge-Pump circuit created with a 555, diodes and capacitors as shown in the following circuit. The output will deliver about 50mA. Comment on this circuit or view the Electronic Circuits Community Forum IC555 Negative supply voltage low current his circuit is a depressing power supply integrated. Which can be situated useful to circuits with the intention of carry out not need much course. Using IC rejection. 555. The primary of the circuit We don't. We just need a potential difference ( A VOLTAGE ) between the supply terminals of the circuit. We call one positive and the other negative, bit more often in electronic circuits we call one 0V and the other positive , simply indicating t..
Maybe I'm misunderstanding how the power supply works because it clearly didn't work. I ran a search on generating negative voltage and saw a number of solutions involving ICs. But these have been proving quite expensive. I found it simple to invert the voltage, but maintaining a 12.5A output will be a problem. Will be great if someone can. Buy the best and latest negative voltage supply on banggood.com offer the quality negative voltage supply on sale with worldwide free shipping. | Shopping US Buy the best and latest negative voltage supply on banggood.com offer the quality negative voltage supply on sale with worldwide free shipping. | Shoppin
negative voltage, there is no need for additional amplifier to generate the positive voltage and there is no potential damage of ESD diode using buck-boost type converter. Since this is a pure buck type converter operation, the synchronous integrated buck converter can be used as well if the duty cycle is small and the high efficiency is pursued. The following schematic Figure 3 (a) show s a. See, voltage is basically the difference of charge between two different points in a circuit. For clear understanding consider a round ball on the surface. the surface is fixed at one end and other side can be moved up and down. As soon as ou move.. In electronics applications sometimes we need negative voltage. However getting a negative supply source is not a reliable option, when it is needed for low current applications. For many electronic circuits which require low power, we cannot go for a negative voltage power source. For the applications of reference or low power purposes one can go for circuits which can generate negative.
News. July 27, 2016: σ26 is now available! Overview σ26 (sigma 26) is a simple negative regulated power supply based on the common 79xx series 3-terminal fixed voltage linear regulator IC (TO-220 package). The LM320, LM2990 and σ79 are also supported. Its compact size and low cost makes the σ26 suitable for a variety of applications drop above the supply voltage (V DD). Typically the VSS pin is grounded; thus, a negative pulse will be clamped to a voltage level one diode drop below ground. The energy of the positive and negative surge pulses is dissipated through the PCB's power planes. Figure 2. Diode Arrays Clamp the Surge Voltage to a Diode Drop above or below the.
Voltage ripple is a negative aspect of power regulation and supply, but it is acceptable within certain limits. In excess amounts, voltage ripple can cause components to wear more quickly and even. LM7912 Negative Voltage Regulator Features. The input voltage should lie in between -27V to -14.5V. Protection circuits against short circuits and thermal overloads are incorporated inside this IC. Safe area protection is provided for output transistors. It has a high power supply rejection ratio and low noise
This article presents a simple way to generate the negative voltage reference from a single supply using an op amp with an integrated charge pump. This op amp-charge pump combination is found on the MAX9820, which is actually a stereo headphone amplifier IC with various features for its intended applications. However, it serves another purpose here as the basis for a circuit that generates a. The negative voltage is provided by an external power sup-ply, while the negative bias voltage for the high-side is gener-ated by a 1 OOk resistor and a zener diode. The negative gate voltages are limited to the maximum applicable offset voltage between the Vss- COM and Vss- Vs leads. The total power supply voltage to the IR211 0 cannot exceed 20V. The 100k re-sistor is sufficient for HV. (iv) Negative voltage is safer for long telephone line for transmitting power trough it. (v) A standard lead-acid battery provides6V. This number corresponds to8 of those, which is pretty standard. It's the highest, safest compromise voltage to run over long wires.Negative voltage is used so that leakage currents to ground caused by moisture do. These two voltage limits are known as the positive saturation voltage and negative saturation voltage, respectively. Other op-amps, such as the model 3130 with field-effect transistors in the final output stage, have the ability to swing their output voltages within millivolts of either power supply rail voltage. Consequently, their positive.


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Zhongshan Big Forever Lighting Factory
|Location:||Guangdong, China (Mainland)|
|Year start exporting:||2008|
|Total Employees:||51 - 100 People|
|Total Annual Revenue:||US$50 Million - US$100 Million|
|Average Lead Time:||10 Day(s)|
Our company is located in China's high-tech LED industry base, a modern international metropolis. We have devoted ourselves to the r...
Our company is located in China's high-tech LED industry base, a modern international metropolis. We have devoted ourselves to the research and develop of new products since the foundation. Products are LED tube, LED panel lamp, LED high bay and LED down light and other commercial lighting products. Six senior engineers and nine intermediate engineers are in the research and development department. The company covers more than 2000 square meters with complete equipment, 60 workers, five machines for assembling SMD, more than five reflow soldering machines, two sets of professional testing equipment--multiple integral balls, fifteen sets of small and medium-sized product testing equipment, sixty shelves for aging products. Setting up overseas sales, domestic sales, project department and service department, we uphold the "integrity, responsibility, profession, high-efficiency" as our company business philosophy. We continue to provide high quality and cost effective LED lighting products. We warmly welcome new and regular customers to visit our factory.
Eastern Europe : 20.00%
Western Europe : 20.00%
Factory Size : 1,000-3,000 square meters
No. of Production Lines : Above 10
No. of R&D Staff : 5 - 10 People
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Setting up a DJ controller is a fairly simple task. First, you should connect your PC and the controller to the working outlets. After all, devices must be turned on before you can use them. In addition, connect the PC and the controller via the supplied USB cable.
DJ controllers have specific controls that can sometimes be assigned to your preferences to make the DJ software easier to use. It should be noted that this type of software allows you to combine different tracks to create remixed alternatives using the keyboard and mouse pad as controls. This is the easiest and most common setup when you're at home because you simply need to connect the RCA outputs of your DJ controller to the RCA inputs of your computer's speakers. To connect the DJ controller to a live sound mixer, simply connect the ¼ inch RCA cable from the DJ controller to an active two-channel DI box.
Connecting the controllers to the USB hubs, mainly to the passive ones, may not provide enough power to transfer data from the DJ controller. However, for a determined few, the only thing stopping them is that they don't know how to use a DJ controller on their PCs. Whether you're learning to use a DJ controller with Serato, Traktor, or FL Studio, the layout of the buttons and their functions on the device will likely be the same.


The Nobel Prize for Physics 2014 has been won by US and Japan based scientists Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura for the invention of LED lights.
The scientists were celebrated for the invention of blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled the bright and energy-saving white light source, an alternative to the incandescent bulbs pioneered by Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison in the 19th century .
Previously, only red and green diodes had been used in lamps, but without blue light, scientists had been unable to create white lamps for use in buildings.
LED’s last 10 times longer than fluorescent bulbs and 100 times longer than traditional incandescent tungsten filament bulbs. In addition, the bulbs are transforming lamps in cars and the technology is also used as a light source in smartphones and computer screens.
A Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences press release said in regards to the technology: “Incandescent light bulbs lit the 20th century; the 21st century will be lit by LED lamps.”
The Nobel Prize is awarded for the inventions deemed have a great benefit on man. As winners of the physics award, the three scientists now join some of the biggest names in science such as Albert Einstein (he won in 1921 for his services to Theoretical Physics and for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect) and the husband and wife team of Pierre and Marie Curie (they won in 1903 for discoveries in radiation).


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Spark AR is the largest platform for mobile augmented reality. Over 600,000 creators from 190 countries use Facebook’s AR creation software, Spark AR Studio, to ideate, design and build AR experiences. And Spark AR Hub, to publish and track the performance of AR effects across the Facebook Family of Apps and devices.


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By the end of 2020 smart meters will be offered to all households and businesses in Great Britain. An estimated 53 million electricity and gas smart meters will be installed by energy suppliers and involve visits to more than 26 millions homes.
Although energy suppliers are responsible for supplying and fitting smart meters, electricity network operators such as us at Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks have a role to play in making the best use of the information smart meters provide. This will help improve our service to you and deliver an efficient low carbon electricity network.
Smart meters are the next generation of gas and electricity meters that wireless communicate with energy suppliers, electricity and gas network operators.They also come with a handy in-home display screen that shows you exactly how much energy you are using and how much you are spending. Meter readings are sent automatically to your energy supplier allowing for accurate bills which means no more estimated bills or meter reader visits your home.Smart meters will facilitate the transition to a low carbon energy economy by helping customers better understand and control their energy consumption to both save energy and reduce bills.
Smart meters are supplied and installed by your energy supplier, for more information please contact your current energy supplier. For more information about the roll-out of smart meters please visit www.smartenergygb.org.
The information we receive and can obtain from smart meters will facilitate the development of smart grids and transition to a low carbon future. Visibility of the demand and load on our network is important to ensure we can operate an efficient and flexible network to integrate future low carbon technologies.The near real-time information that smart meters can send us will enable an improved service to you. Smart meters will be able to send automatic alerts when there is a power cut or problems with the voltage. These alerts will enable our teams to work proactively and resolve issues quicker, thereby improving our service to our customers during supply related incidents.
Click here more information on our “Supporting a Smarter Electricity System”Our smart meter programme has been busy implementing new IT systems and enhancing our processes to proactively receive and process smart meter data.
We have successfully launched our new IT systems and subsequently trained our Customer Contact Centres and Operations teams. We are now in a position to utilise data being made available to us as more smart meters are installed by energy suppliers.


Welcome to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Government Polytechnic College, Coimbatore. Our Department was established in 1977. We are providing a dynamic and innovative academic unit committed to fostering excellence in education, research, and technological advancement in the field of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE). We invite you to explore our department and join us in our pursuit of excellence in Electronics and Communication Engineering.
For inquiries or more information, please feel free to contact our department e-mail id at firstname.lastname@example.org .
Join us on this exciting journey of discovery, innovation, and transformation in Electronics and Communication Engineering!
The Vision of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering strives to produce engineers who are well-equipped with the knowledge and skills required to address the emerging challenges in the rapidly advancing field of electronics and communication. The department envisions fostering an environment that promotes creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities among its students.
Our mission is to provide a comprehensive and cutting-edge education in Electronics and Communication Engineering, equipping students with the knowledge, skills, and ethical values necessary for professional success and societal contribution. We strive to advance the frontiers of knowledge through addressing the evolving needs of industry, academia, and society.
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Dr. M. VARATHAGURU, M.E., Ph.D., (Since 01.10.2021)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,
ROOM NO: EC01,
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, COIMBATORE 14.
Email Id: email@example.com
Welcome to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Our department has a rich history of academic excellence and contributions to the fields of Electronics and Communication. With the ever evolving landscape of technology and Communication system. As we follow a few key principles to enchance academics and cuttiing edge technological knowledge to students:
1. Excellence in Academic Education
2. Club Activities
3. Student Success
4. Industry Engagement


The French company e.Zicom presented, at the end of 2018, a range of three robot vacuum cleaners that also act as floor scrubbers. Among these devices, we tested the connected model Eziclean Sweeper Connect. Review.
Released in October 2018, the Eziclean Sweeper Connect is one of the latest robot vacuum cleaner models from the manufacturer e-Zicom. Launched at €400, this hybrid product vacuums floors, but it is also capable of washing them thanks to a mop and a water tank. In addition to its two-in-one aspect, the Sweeper Connect can also connect via Wi-Fi to a smartphone (or tablet) equipped with the e.ziclean app in order to be controlled remotely. This model has an interesting performance/price ratio, especially when it comes to vacuuming fine carpet.
Convenient to use
The Eziclean Sweeper Connect has a rounded shape, like the vast majority of the robot vacuums in our comparison, with the notable exception of the Neato, which prefers a D-shape for better cleaning in corners. This device is covered with a black plastic coating that seems to be of good quality, the materials seem to be well assembled and the bumper is solid enough not to damage the device (nor the furniture) in case of shocks.
On the top of the shell, we find a single sensitive Auto button that turns on (and off) the vacuum cleaner which will then start a “default” vacuuming program. The camera that detects obstacles is placed near this button, but without increasing the height of the device which does not exceed 5 cm. It can pass under most furniture or coffee tables: a good point. In comparison, the Roborock S6 can not pass with its 9.65 cm height. The mapping tool (the laser rangefinder) is placed on the front, at the level of the bumper.
The Sweeper Connect not only vacuums but also cleans! To do this, simply attach a suitable mop (two are supplied with the vacuum cleaner) to the underside of the robot with Velcro fasteners and fill the small 0.3L water tank and cleaning solution (if needed) that is located at the collector. The mop will then automatically wet itself by capillary action to ensure a homogeneous and optimal cleaning of the floors. After using this function several times, we found it very useful in the bathroom or kitchen! Moreover, our fears of seeing the room flooded with water at the first use of the mop have completely evaporated when observing the result: the surface is just moistened as after a passage of “classic” mop.
The Sweeper Connect returns to its base to recharge the batteries when they start to weaken – after 120 minutes according to the data sheet.
Connectivity and application
In order to take advantage of the wide range of features available on the e.ziclean application, the robot must be connected via Wi-Fi. After downloading the e.ziclean application and entering your login information, press the robot’s Auto button until it turns blue. When you release the button, the Wi-Fi indicator light comes on, which means that the device is ready to be connected. And the application asks to enter the Wi-Fi network password. Once you’ve done this, you need to go to the settings to connect to the e.ziclean network. The vacuum cleaner is then paired with the smartphone. This operation only takes a few minutes.
Once the Sweeper Connect is connected to the smartphone, you can access a number of functions: you can launch the robot remotely, follow the progress of the cleaning, interrupt it or even pause it.
The interface also allows the user to see in real time the path taken by the robot according to the selected mode. The user can choose between four navigation modes: automatic, along walls, zigzag or intensive. The first mode is designed to cover the home during its entire autonomy and return to its base once the coverage area has been cleaned. The along-the-walls mode, as the name implies, allows the unit to pass along the walls of the room and then return to the base once the job is done. The zigzag mode is designed to cover a large room quickly and return to charge when its cycle is complete. Finally, the intensive mode will vacuum with maximum power for an intensive cleaning of the room, this last mode benefits from a navigation system similar to the Auto mode: it covers the surface to be vacuumed until it runs out and returns to its base.
The application also allows the programming of the days and times of cleaning of the vacuum cleaner. With this function, the user can define a unique cleaning time slot per day: for example, Monday at 8am, Tuesday at 4pm… Finally, one can also see what the robot’s camera sees in real time: a reassuring function that allows one to keep an eye on one’s home, of course, but which obviously does not replace a surveillance camera specially designed for this purpose.
All the features offered on the application are also available on the remote control delivered with the device, with the exception of video surveillance of course and the unique programming per day. Indeed, the remote control only allows the programming of cleaning at a fixed time for all days of the week.
The dust collector is not big enough, since it is only 0.2 l, so it will have to be emptied very regularly. In comparison, the Electrolux Pure i9’s dustpan has a capacity of 0.7 liters, which is much more comfortable.
Fortunately, the waste bin is easily accessible: just press the button on the back of the machine to remove it from its housing.
On the other hand, emptying it is a different matter: by unclipping the latch located on the side of the cassette, the collector opens in two to be emptied; not a very ingenious idea on the part of the manufacturer since our hands always come out full of dust.
The filter and the pre-filter are located at the level of the waste container and are easy to remove. Here again, the maniacs may get nervous during the operation as the filters are quickly saturated with dust…
Moreover, the collector is not hermetically sealed and has an opening system that is particularly conducive to waste falling onto the floor. You have to be particularly careful not to spill it when handling it. However, the Sweeper Connect cannot be blamed for this since many robot vacuums have this defect.
The Eziclean Sweeper Connect has only one main brush (some models have two), combining nylon bristles and a rubber blade, which makes cleaning easier.
This central brush is backed up by two side brushes that collect dust from corners and baseboards. These brushes can be removed without difficulty. The manufacturer recommends soaking them in very hot water for a few minutes so that they regain their initial shape.
In addition, it is recommended to regularly maintain the consumables: brushes and filters every 4 months, in order to gain in filtration and aspiration efficiency. The device is delivered with a filter and two additional brushes.
The manufacturer announces an autonomy of 2 hours for its robot vacuum cleaner. It is a promise kept since in automatic mode, the device even manages to stay in action for 2 h 10 min. The intensive mode uses more energy, as the Eziclean Sweeper Connect runs out of steam after 1 hour and 20 minutes of suction.
On the other hand, its charging time is 4 hours, which is quite long for this type of vacuum cleaner. In comparison, the Neato Robotics Botvac D6 Connected only needs 2 hours and 20 minutes to have a fully charged battery.
The Eziclean Sweeper Connect is equipped with a laser range finder like the Neato vacuums, which allows it to map its environment in order to find its way around the space to vacuum all areas, without forgetting any surface.
According to the manufacturer, this robot vacuum cleaner is equipped with a gyroscopic navigation called “Navig+”: a very complicated name for the simple fact that it establishes an optimized navigation path. Technically, once the robot has managed to map its environment, it navigates in a zigzag pattern after cutting the room into several zones. While we found the navigation to be methodical, the Sweeper Connect still had some difficulty in getting into the corners. In addition, we noticed that it regularly returned to the same places and that its autonomy suffered.
On the other hand, when we put it in difficulty (presence of electrical cables, curtains or small objects), the device does very well and manages to avoid obstacles.
It should also be noted that its small size allows it to pass under low furniture easily.
While the Eziclean Sweeper Connect has several suction modes, we decided to focus on just two: the automatic mode (which is the default mode) and the intensive mode (the fastest). These are the ones we particularly recommend.
On hard floors, the suction performance is good in both cases, but in intensive mode it will take the Sweeper Connect only 6 minutes to absorb 95% of the waste, while in automatic mode it will take 3 minutes longer to recover only 90% of the detritus.
On fine carpets, this robot has demonstrated its great suction capabilities; and in 3 minutes in automatic mode, it has been able to vacuum all the waste! Important, it is imperative to install the mop on the robot on this type of surface: without that, the scratchs placed underneath the device cling to the carpet, and it is impossible to navigate!
It’s on thick carpet that the Sweeper Connect has a problem. In automatic mode, it takes about 15 minutes to collect all the waste and 10 minutes in intensive mode. In addition, we found that the vacuum was not very comfortable on this surface and had more difficulty moving forward than on the other two types of floors. It might have been a good idea to develop a “carpet” mode like the Roborock S6 so that it would not get caught up in the carpet as much.
E-Zicom promises to keep the noise level low, and the commitment is respected! The noise level of the robot oscillates between 55 dB(A) and 58 dB(A) depending on the modes and surfaces used, which is very low compared to the other devices in our comparison. In comparison, the Electrolux Pure i9 reaches 66 dB(A).
Nevertheless, these noise measurements are of little importance, as the robot vacuum cleaner is most often used when no one is at home, especially if the device is connected like the Eziclean Sweeper Connect.


How Do I Configure Fresh KDS As A Printer In Clover?
- Ensure that the device running Fresh KDS is connected to the same WiFi network as the device running Clover
- On the Clover device, open the Printers app, click the Plus icon (+) in the bottom right corner, and select Add Order Printer
- The KDS screen will be listed as a Star SP700 printer - select the printer
- Enter a name for each Fresh KDS screen
- The KDS screen will now be listed as a connected Order Printer - tap the printer
- Enter a new Printer Name so the KDS screen can be easily identified
- Click Print Test Receipt to verify the connection is active
- Check the label groups to auto-print. Items assigned to these labels will be sent to the KDS based on the Clover Order Receipts settings.
- Click Save to save the changes and complete the printer setup


Samsung Camera Cell Phones: Something For Everyone
Slider camera cell phones, old-fashioned candy bar camera cell phones, and flip camera cell phones: Samsung camera cell phones are available in all three styles, to appeal to every cell phone user. Samsung camera cell phones are engineered to meet the highest standards of functionality and form, placing Samsung among the top five global cell phone manufacturers, and its clear understanding of what the market demands in advanced camera cell phone performance and appearance will increase the demand for Samsung camera cell phones.
Three typical Samsung camera cell phones from the same U--or Ultra Edition-- family are the Samsung U100 and the Samsung U600. The candy bar style U100 Samsung camera cell phone is equipped with a three megapixel camera and video recorder; Bluetooth, a hands-free speaker, MP3 player, document viewer, and numerous other features in a handset measuring 5.9mm, or less than ¼", thick.
The razor thinness of the U100 Samsung camera cell phone makes the earlier U600 slider style Samsung camera cell phone, at 10.9 mm, or almost ½' thick, seem positively bulky in comparison. But that extra thickness encloses a 3.2 megapixel, 4X digital zoom camera with image editor; an MP3 player and WMDRM which allows the u600's users to access to buy purchase and download music from various online sites; Bluetooth stereo, an 80MB internal memory; and much more.
The big dog of the Ultra Edition Samsung camera cell phones, however, is the Samsung U700 slider phone, which not only has the three megapixel camera but also contains a VGA camera for use during video calls; and again has the MP3 player, the Bluetooth features, email support, and everything its smaller siblings offer.
The U100 Samsung camera cell phones actually stole some of the thunder from Samsung's X820, the amazingly thin, at 6.9mm, flip phone made of exceptionally strong fiberglass reinforced plastic. The X280 was introduced with a sophisticated matte black finish with a silver chrome accent along its top.
The X820 Samsung camera cell phone is equipped with not only a two megapixel camera and MP3 player; it has Bluetooth wireless technology to enable both wireless printing and quick file transferring. While its 1.9" wide landscape LCD viewing screen allows you to enjoy your photographs as you take them, you can also connect the X280 Samsung camera cell phone to a larger viewing screen with its Direct TV output+ feature. And unlike most cell phones, the X820 can be used during air travel simply by engaging its offline mode.
One other flip style Samsung camera cell phone is the Z140, unsual for its rotating VGA camera with 640 x 480 resolution, providing clear photos. The camera has a 2x digital zoom, a timer, night mode, and multiple shot capability, and photo editing features which can allows its users to add creative effects to their finished photo files.
The Z140 Samsung camera cell phone provides Internet access and allows its users to both make video calls and hold video conferences, so it is ideal for business use.