Collective density variables have proved to be useful tools in the study of static and dynamic phenomena occurring in many-body systems. More recently, the collective-coordinate approach has been used to generate crystalline as well as disordered classical ground states for bounded or "soft" interactions using numerical optimization techniques in two and three dimensions. Soft interactions possess great importance in soft-matter systems, such as colloids, microemulsions, and polymers. The existence of disordered ground states is a counterintuitive notion. Suppose that the particles interact pairwise with an isotropic pair potential so that the total energy is
Suppose furthermore that this pair potential has a Fourier transform
where in the last expression the summation covers the entire set of ks. Then it is straightforward to show that the total potential energy for the N-particle system can be exactly expressed in the following manner in terms of the real collective density variables
The real collective density variables are
The Fourier coefficients of the density field
are related to C(k) by
and the structure factor
We examine features associated with collective density variables in two dimensions using numerical exploration techniques to generate particle patterns in the classical ground state. Particle pair interactions are governed by a continuous, bounded potential. We place special emphasis on pair interactions whose transform V(k) possesses the following characteristics:
We choose this form for simplicity recognizing at the same time that any other positive V(k) for |k| < K but zero otherwise would lead to the same results. Since the minimum of C(k) is -N/2, the global minimum of the potential energy defined has the value of
if and only if there exist particle configurations that satisfy all constraints that C(k) be minimal. For a system of N particles in d dimensions, there are dN degrees of freedom. We introduce the dimensionless parameter
to conveniently represent the ratio of the number of constrained degrees of freedom relative to the total number of degrees of freedom, where M(K) is the number of independently constrained wave vectors.
Imposing constraints that C(k) be minimal for k less than K has remarkable implications on the ground state structure. Three regions were identified: disordered, wavy crystalline, and crystalline. Disordered configurations, as shown below left, have no long-ranged order. The associated structure factor, below right, is minimal for the concentric region around the origin while all other wave vectors are free to fluctuate.
The animations below show the trajectories of particles, initially placed randomly inside the box, as the potential energy is minimized along a steepest descent path to a disordered ground state (χ=0.26, left and χ=0.49, right).
Wavy crystals, below left, have apparent short-range order but lack translational symmetry. Constraints about k=0 implicit impose constrains on other wave vectors. Notice the circular region of minium for S(k), below right, and the emerging areas of minima that are implicitly constrained.
Upon imposing sufficient number of constraints, all the wave vectors except for those associated with Bragg scattering, are minimized. The resulting configuration and structure factor are unique to the triangular lattice.
These results have implications for disordered and hyperuniform ground states. The full paper can be found here.
Extending the two dimensional analysis to three dimensions, disordered and crystalline particle patterns emerged as ground state structures. Below left is a disordered structure and below right is the fcc lattice ground state.
The introduction of a four-body potential energy function allows for the small-k region of the structure factor to be tailored. The function is
where the intended form of the structure factor is related by
where alpha = 1 (below left) is relevant to the Harrison-Zeldovich model of the early universe and alpha = 6 (below right) has relevance to jammed hard-sphere packings. As evident by the corresponding particle patterns, the curvature in S(k) disrupts the order of the ground states.
The full paper can be found here.
In this paper, we define and construct three classes of ground state structures. "Stealth" materials suppress scattering for a certain set of wavelengths (i.e. S(k) = 0 for some wavelengths), "super-ideal gases" scatter radiation identically to that of an ensemble of ideal gases for a set of wavelengths, and "equi-luminous" materials scatter equally intese for a selected set of wavelengths.
We showed that in increasing the system size does not affect the local structure and that in the infinite-volume limit, the ground states are truly disordered. Below compares the raidal distribution function and structure factor for a small and a large system.
Stealth materials are constructed in so that S(k) = 0 for a concentric region around k = 0. Increasing this region's size drives the system of particles to increasing order as shown in the next figure.
However, we can disrupt this order by imposing constraints in a spherical shell away from the origin. In doing so, we create heterogeneities of a specified lengthscale in the particle patterns. Figure (a) is a wavy crystalline configuration for reference. Figure (b) corresponds to the correlation functions in Figure 1 while Figure (c) corresponds to the correlation functions in Figure 2.
We also explore in detail the constraints where S(k) is forced to be nonzero for large regions of k-space. These details can be found in the full paper. The full paper can be found here.
When slowly cooling a typical liquid we expect that it will undergo a freezing transition to a solid phase at some temperature and then attain a unique perfectly ordered crystal ground-state configuration. Particles interacting with “stealthy” long-ranged pair potentials have classical ground states that are—counterintuitively—disordered, hyperuniform, and highly degenerate. These exotic amorphous states of matter are endowed with novel thermodynamic and physical properties. Previous investigations of these unusual systems relied heavily on computer-simulation techniques. The task of formulating a theory that yields analytical predictions for the structural characteristics and physical properties of stealthy degenerate ground states in multiple dimensions presents many theoretical challenges. A new type of statistical-mechanical theory, as we show here, must be invented to characterize these exotic states of matter.
We derive general exact relations for the thermodynamic (energy, pressure, and compressibility) and structural properties that apply to any ground-state ensemble as a function of its density and dimension in the zero-temperature limit. We show how disordered, degenerate ground states arise as part of the ground-state manifold. We then specialize our results to the canonical ensemble by exploiting an ansatz that stealthy states behave remarkably like “pseudo”-equilibrium hard-sphere systems in Fourier space. This mapping enables us to obtain theoretical predictions for the pair correlation function, structure factor, and other structural characteristics that are in excellent agreement with computer simulations across one, two, and three dimensions. We also derive accurate analytical formulas for the properties of the excited states.
Our results provide new insights into the nature and formation of low-temperature states of amorphous matter. Our work also offers challenges to experimentalists to synthesize stealthy ground states at the molecular level. The full paper can be found here.
Systems of particles interacting with so-called "stealthy" pair potentials have been shown to possess infinitely-degenerate disordered hyperuniform classical ground states with novel physical properties. Previous attempts to sample the infinitely-degenerate ground states used energy minimization techniques, introducing an algorithm dependence that is artificial in nature. Recently, an ensemble theory of stealthy hyperuniform ground states was formulated to predict the structure and thermodynamics that was shown to be in excellent agreement with corresponding computer simulation results in the canonical ensemble (in the zero-temperature limit). In our study, we provide details and justifications of the simulation procedure, which involves performing molecular dynamics simulations at sufficiently low temperatures and minimizing the energy of the snapshots for both the high-density disordered regime, where the theory applies, as well as lower densities. We also use numerical simulations to extend our study to the lower-density regime. We report results for the pair correlation functions, structure factors, and Voronoi cell statistics.
In the high-density regime, we verify the theoretical ansatz that stealthy disordered ground states behave like "pseudo" disordered equilibrium hard-sphere systems in Fourier space. The pair statistics obey certain exact integral conditions with very high accuracy. These results show that as the density decreases from the high-density limit, the disordered ground states in the canonical ensemble are characterized by an increasing degree of short-range order and eventually the system undergoes a phase transition to crystalline ground states. In the crystalline regime (low densities), there exist "stacked-slider configurations," aperiodic structures that are part of the ground-state manifold, but yet are not entropically favored. We also provide numerical evidence suggesting that different forms of stealthy pair potentials produce the same ground-state ensemble in the zero-temperature limit. Our techniques may be applied to sample the zero-temperature limit of the canonical ensemble of other potentials with highly degenerate ground states.
Additionally, we investigate using both numerical and theoretical techniques metastable stacked-slider phases. Our numerical results enable us to devise analytical models of this phase in two, three and higher dimensions. Utilizing this model, we estimated the size of the feasible region in configuration space of the stacked-slider phase, finding it to be smaller than that of crystal structures in the infinite-system-size limit, which is consistent with our previous findings. In two dimensions, we also determine exact expressions for the pair correlation function and structure factor of the analytical model of stacked-slider phases and analyze the connectedness of the ground-state manifold of stealthy potentials in this density regime. We demonstrate that stacked-slider phases are distinguishable states of matter; they are nonperiodic, statistically anisotropic structures that possess long-range orientational order but have zero shear modulus. We outline some possible future avenues of research to elucidate our understanding of this unusual phase of matter. The full papers can be found here. and here.
It has recently been shown that disordered hyperuniform many-particle systems represent new distinguishable states of amorphous matter that are poised between a crystal and a liquid are are endowed with novel physical and thermodynamic properties. Such systems have shown to exist as ground states, i.e., at a temperature of absolute zero. Such "stealthy" and hyperuniform states are unique in that they are transparent to radiation for a range of wavelengths. In this study, we ask whether Ising models of magnets, called spin chains in one dimension, can possess spin interactions that enable their ground states to be disordered, stealthy, and hyperuniform. Using inverse statistical-mechanical theoretical methods, we do demonstrate the existence of such states, which should be experimentally realizable. The full paper can be found here.


Which OnePlus Nord smartphone is coming soon in India?
Answer: OnePlus Nord 2 5G
OnePlus Nord 2 is set to launch on 22 July in India and the price of the phone appears to have been lost. One report states that there will be two OnePlus Nord 2 storage variants starting only under Rs. 32,000.
1. Which OnePlus Nord smartphone is coming soon in India?
Answer: c. OnePlus Nord 2 5G
2. The latest OnePlus Nord 2 5G will launch on which day?
Answer: b. 22 July 2021
3. OnePlus Nord 2 5G will ship with _______ out-of-the-box.
Answer: a. OxygenOS 11
4. What does the OnePlus Nord 2 5G promise to be________
Answer: a. Fast and Smooth
5. Which chipset powers the OnePlus Nord 2 5G?
Answer: c. MediaTek Dimensity 1200-AI
- Which smartphone brand has an exclusive partnership with iconic Swedish camera manufacturing company Hasselblad?
- What is the motto of OnePlus?
- Which OS would you find on OnePlus smartphones?
- What of the following is the proprietary wired/wireless charging technology of OnePlus?
- Which of the following will be launched in the Winter Edition launch event of OnePlus?


In today’s digital landscape, businesses face the challenge of building and maintaining scalable networks that can adapt to growing demands and changing requirements. Ubiquiti Networks, a leading provider of networking solutions, offers the Gen2 Pro series, designed to address the scalability needs of businesses. With its advanced features and capabilities, the Ubiquiti Gen2 Pro series empowers organizations to build robust and scalable networks. Let’s explore how businesses can leverage Ubiquiti Gen2 Pro to create scalable network infrastructures.
Powerful hardware for high performance:
The Ubiquiti Gen2 Pro series boasts powerful hardware components that provide exceptional performance. From high-speed processors to ample memory and storage, the Gen2 Pro devices are designed to handle heavy workloads and deliver fast and reliable network connectivity. This enables businesses to support a growing number of devices and users without compromising performance, ensuring a seamless network experience even during peak usage periods.
Flexible deployment options:
Ubiquiti Gen2 Pro devices offer flexibility in terms of deployment options. Whether it’s wireless access points, switches, or routers, businesses can choose the devices that best suit their specific network requirements. The Gen2 Pro series supports various deployment scenarios, including small office deployments, large enterprise networks, and outdoor deployments. This flexibility allows businesses to scale their networks according to their unique needs and adapt to changing environments.
Centralized network management:
Managing a scalable network infrastructure can be complex and time-consuming. However, Ubiquiti Gen2 Pro devices come with centralized management capabilities, making network administration more efficient and straightforward. The UniFi Controller software allows businesses to manage and monitor their entire network from a single interface. With features like device discovery, configuration management, and real-time monitoring, businesses can streamline network operations and ensure optimal performance across their network.
Seamless integration with Ubiquiti ecosystem:
Ubiquiti Gen2 Pro devices seamlessly integrate with other products within the Ubiquiti ecosystem, enabling businesses to build comprehensive and cohesive network infrastructures. From security cameras to VoIP systems, businesses can expand their network capabilities by integrating various Ubiquiti products. This integration ensures compatibility and simplifies management, allowing businesses to scale their networks seamlessly without compatibility issues or complex configurations.
Advanced security features:
Scalable networks require robust security measures to protect sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access. The Ubiquiti Gen2 Pro series incorporates advanced security features to safeguard networks against potential threats. From enterprise-grade encryption protocols to built-in firewalls and intrusion detection systems, the Gen2 Pro devices provide a secure foundation for scalable networks.


I was on the market for a cheap(ish) thermal imaging camera as a way to DIY survey the thermal insulating properties of my current house, soon to be new house, and take spooky pictures of my dog.
FLIR are highly regarded and the most well known budget thermal imaging devices that plug in to phones. FLIR has lots of nice features, like “MSX”, which is essentially superimposing an edge detection filter from your standard phone camera on top of the lower resolution IR image. This allows you to see finer visible details of a thermal image without a costly increase in resolution for the IR camera.
With that said, they still aren’t cheap, and the basic FLIR ONE Gen 3 resolution is actually relative poor (80x60 @ 8.7fps) compared to some newer, cheaper, but less-known alternatives were claiming (160x120 @ 25fps)
I took a punt on the Noyafa NF-583 I found on Amazon, safe in the knowledge that I could return it, should their grand claims be false. It had one 4 star review on Amazon, and no real-world images available to see before purchasing.
There’s relatively little information about this device, as it’s only been available for 4 months as far as I can tell from this Noyafa blog post.
So with that said, hopefully I can be helpful and provide a few real-world sample images and videos that I’ve taken with it plugged into my Fairphone 4 via USB-C to get an idea of what you’re getting.
As you can see, you can’t really go much lower resolution without losing important detail, so I understand why FLIR enhanced their images. However, the NF-583 seems more than capable of resolving details in thermal images at 160x120. The 25fps claim is also true, and provides full video recording capabilities with continous temperature monitoring at that frequency.
If you want higher resolution, I believe the NF-586 can do nearly double, at 256x192 @ 25fps - for a price…
App Install process
The imaging app is not available on the Play Store, so involves downloading an APK from Noyafa’s website and sideloading, which is not only a bit of a hassle and a stumbling block for anybody non-technical, but can also have implications on security.
- Download the “NF-583/586 APP” from Noyafa’s support/downloads webpage: noyafa.com/download
- Unrar it, which requires another app that is able to extract rar files.
- Install the extracted APK, after disabling the nessesary security measures to sideload apps.
The NF-586 is Android and USB-C only.
The device exposes itself as a normal webcam when plugged into a computer. The images are raw greyscale and have no temperature information present.
It may be possible to write a USB driver to extract high/low temperature values and interpret the image like the Android app does, however this is beyond my capabilities.


In the ever-evolving landscape of software security, multiple layers of protection are essential to safeguard both users and developers from cyber threats. Two critical components of software security are code signing certificates and antivirus software. Code signing certificates assure users that software is legitimate and untampered, while antivirus software detects and removes malicious code. In this article, we will explore how code signing certificates and antivirus software complement each other to provide comprehensive software security, dispelling the notion of redundancy.
Furthermore, we understand the importance of cost-effectiveness in software security. We will emphasize that even in this context, affordable options like cheap code signing certificates can be part of a well-rounded security strategy.
The Roles of Code Signing Certificates and Antivirus Software
Before delving into their complementarity, let’s understand the individual roles that code signing certificates and antivirus software play in software security.
Code Signing Certificates
Code signing certificates are digital certificates issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). They are used to sign software applications, scripts, drivers, and other executable files. Code signing serves several critical purposes:
Authenticity: It assures users that the software they are about to install or run comes from a legitimate and verified source.
Integrity: It verifies that the software has not been tampered with or modified since it was signed.
Trustworthiness: It enhances the trustworthiness of software by providing users with a visual indication (such as a digital signature) that the software has been signed.
Security: It prevents unauthorized or malicious code from running on a user’s device, as the code must be signed to execute.
Antivirus software, also known as anti-malware software, is designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious code or software, commonly referred to as malware. The primary functions of antivirus software include:
Malware Detection: It scans files, applications, and the system for known patterns or behaviors associated with malware, such as viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware.
Real-Time Protection: It offers real-time protection by monitoring the system’s activities and blocking suspicious or malicious processes.
Quarantine and Removal: When malware is detected, antivirus software quarantines or isolates the infected files and removes or disinfects them, preventing further harm.
Update and Database Management: Antivirus software relies on regular updates to its malware definition database to detect new threats effectively.
The Complementary Nature of Code Signing Certificates and Antivirus Software
Now that we understand their respective roles, let’s explore how code signing certificates and antivirus software complement each other to provide comprehensive software security.
1. Preventative and Reactive Measures
Code Signing Certificates (Preventative): Code signing certificates primarily serve as a preventative measure. They establish trust in software before it is downloaded or executed. Users can confidently install signed software, knowing it comes from a verified source and has not been tampered with.
Antivirus Software (Reactive): Antivirus software operates reactively, scanning and identifying threats that have already made their way onto a user’s device. It acts as a last line of defense, identifying and removing malicious code after it’s been executed.
Complementarity: Code signing certificates prevent users from installing or running untrusted or tampered software, while antivirus software provides a safety net by detecting and neutralizing threats that may have evaded preventative measures.
2. Verification and Detection
Code Signing Certificates (Verification): Code signing certificates verify the authenticity and integrity of software. They ensure that software comes from a trusted source and hasn’t been altered.
Antivirus Software (Detection): Antivirus software detects and identifies malicious code based on known patterns and behaviors. It flags or removes any software exhibiting these characteristics.
Complementarity: Code signing certificates provide verification, while antivirus software focuses on detection. Together, they create a comprehensive security approach that covers both trusted software and the identification of malicious code.
3. Behavioral Analysis
Code Signing Certificates (Limited Behavioral Analysis): Code signing certificates do not directly analyze the behavior of software. They primarily focus on the software’s origin and integrity.
Antivirus Software (Behavioral Analysis): Antivirus software employs behavioral analysis to identify suspicious activities, even in previously unknown threats. It looks for patterns of behavior that may indicate malicious intent.
Complementarity: Antivirus software’s behavioral analysis complements code signing certificates by identifying threats based on their actions, even if they come from a seemingly legitimate source.
4. Protection Throughout the Software Lifecycle
Code Signing Certificates (Pre-Execution): Code signing certificates protect software before it is executed. They ensure that users only run trusted and unaltered code.
Antivirus Software (Runtime and Post-Execution): Antivirus software offers protection during runtime and post-execution. It continuously monitors the system for suspicious activities and can detect threats that manifest after software execution.
Complementarity: Code signing certificates are crucial for establishing trust before execution, while antivirus software maintains security during software operation and beyond.
5. Trust and Reputation
Code Signing Certificates (Trust Establishment): Code signing certificates contribute to the establishment of trust and a positive reputation for software publishers. Users are more likely to trust signed software.
Antivirus Software (Reputation Verification): Antivirus software verifies the reputation of software based on its behavior and known threats.
Complementarity: Code signing certificates help build trust, while antivirus software verifies the reputation of software in real-time, providing an additional layer of assurance.
6. Customization and Flexibility
Code Signing Certificates (Customization): Code signing certificates are customizable, allowing developers and organizations to sign their software with their unique digital signature.
Antivirus Software (Flexibility): Antivirus software offers flexibility by providing customizable settings for scanning and threat detection. Users and organizations can configure it to meet their specific security needs.
Complementarity: Customizable code signing certificates enable software publishers to establish their identity, while flexible antivirus software adapts to the user’s or organization’s security requirements.
In the complex landscape of software security, code signing certificates and antivirus software are not redundant but rather highly complementary. They serve different yet essential functions, addressing distinct aspects of security, trust, and threat detection.
Code signing certificates play a pivotal role in establishing trust and verifying the authenticity and integrity of software before it is executed. They act as a preventative measure that builds user confidence in the software’s source.
Antivirus software, on the other hand, operates reactively, focusing on the detection and removal of known and unknown threats during runtime and post-execution. It serves as a safety net, identifying and neutralizing threats that may have evaded code signing’s preventative measures.
When used together, code signing certificates and antivirus software create a robust and comprehensive security strategy. This combination provides both prevention and detection, verification and behavior analysis, trust establishment, and reputation verification throughout the software’s lifecycle.
Moreover, it’s essential to emphasize that cost-effective options like cheap code signing can be part of a well-rounded security strategy. These certificates offer an accessible means of establishing trust and authenticity, making them an essential component of a comprehensive software security approach.
In conclusion, developers and organizations should view code signing certificates and antivirus software not as redundant but as complementary tools in their arsenal, working together to ensure the security, trustworthiness, and integrity of their software in an ever-evolving digital landscape.


True® Honda Talon Dual Battery Kit TALON-SBI-CM
Item number: TALON-SBI-CM
Suggested retail price $136.95
The True® Smart Honda Talon dual battery kit was designed with maximum efficiency in mind. This ground-breaking isolator features P.E.P. a one-of-a-kind charging and voltage management technology that does all the thinking for you, making this product a True® plug n play design with the DIY crowd in mind.
- Latest model of UTV-SBI-18 with 3M Dual Lock™ and insulators
- 6mm (1/4′′) lugs on single, 12 inches #6 red (primary) cable
- Includes NEW 36mm single meter dual display with blue LED lighting
- 8ft blue duplex wire with connectors for meter
- On/off relay with socket and pigtail harness
The 2021 product model True® 12V Honda Talon UTV battery pack now comes with a dual-display voltage gauge. The new voltage meter has the same diameter as the old model, but it has a thread depth of a little over one inch, requiring a little more space behind the surface but allowing it to be installed in considerably thicker material. It’s a 36mm waterproof, shockproof digital LED voltmeter, just like the original meters, that lets you keep track of your charge status on each battery in real-time.
The innovative Honda Talon dual battery kit’s ease of installation, as well as the ability to “piggy-back” off the carrier’s main battery without ignition “tapping,” ensures that the original wiring will not be compromised.
Honda Talon Second Battery Kit’s Features
- Fast and easy Installation
- No complicated ignition wiring
- Fully automatic connection and isolation
- Product comes with full 1 year warranty
- Plug-in port for remote monitoring
- Protection from short-circuiting
- Protection from battery removal and damage
- Low loss solenoid
- Protection from overloading of the alternator
- Simple installation on any model Honda Talon Side by Side (SxS) (UTV).


iPhone X: Best Smartphone Display Ever
Over and over again, I’ve witnessed an assumption on the part of computer users and analysts that Apple uses parts from suppliers the same way any other widget maker uses parts. Therefore, any aspects of an Apple product such as an iPhone, a Mac, etc. that is superior to the competition is simply a matter of design aesthetic or software functionality.
But this is not the case. While it’s true that Apple sources a lot of its hardware components from third-party manufacturers that also work with Apple’s competitors, Apple often goes to great length to utilize those components in unique ways or requires the addition of Apple-specific optimizations to those components. iPhone X provides a perfect example. You’d be forgiven for assuming that because the OLED display in the iPhone X is manufactured by Samsung, it’d be basically the same as the OLED displays in Samsung’s own phones.
“The iPhone X is the most innovative and high performance Smartphone display that we have ever tested.”
iPhone X OLED Display Technology Shoot-Out by Dr. Raymond M. Soneira
DisplayMate’s extensive testing of the OLED panel in the iPhone X shows that Apple has put a ton of effort into the hardware and supporting software specs for this display. Even though Samsung is the manufacturer, this is not the same display you’ll get when you purchase the latest high-end Samsung smartphone. It’s brighter, the color is richer and more accurate, it has higher contrast and superior viewing angles, and it supports Apple’s signature display features such as TrueTone to make the screen look excellent under a wide variety of lighting conditions.
So yes, kudos to Samsung’s OLED manufacturing division. They’ve made something truly special. But Apple is equally deserving of praise for the part they’ve played in this remarkable breakthrough. Once again the slogan rings true: if it’s not an iPhone, well, it’s not an iPhone.


Wire-free power delivers on the promise of true mobility, the freedom to roam where you want to without worrying about your mobile or battery powered devices running out of charge. While power cords and charging pads require you to surrender your device to a stationary location, WattUp™ gives you the freedom to receive a charge from anywhere within a 30 foot space.
Charges Any Battery-Operated Device That Requires Less Than 10 Watts
WattUp™ wire-free charging works with a wide variety of electronic devices such as cell phones, tablets, wearables, cameras, wireless keyboards and mice, headsets, sensors, LED lights, remote controls and toys; in essence any battery-powered device in your home or office.
Works Like Wi-Fi
A WattUp™ transmitter, or Power Router, sends energy via a radio frequency (RF) signal to your WattUp-enabled electronic devices when requested. A WattUp receiver in each device converts that signal into battery power.
The entire system is software controlled, so it's intelligent and customizable to your needs and environment. And, because it's designed to work invisibly in the background, WattUp makes low battery anxiety a thing of the past.
How Does it Work?
A Radio Frequency (RF) system, similar to a Wi-Fi system, delivers safe wire-free charging energy at a distance of up to 5m (15ft) from a transmitter to a receiver device, such as a mobile phone, and maintains charging while the receiver is in motion. 12 receiver devices can be managed by the system simultaneously.
Highly targeted and dynamic pockets of energy are delivered via multiple miniature antenna arrays and custom control chips in the transmitter, or Power Router. Highly efficient energy harvesting of the micro energy beams from these pockets then takes place via paired antenna arrays and custom chips in the receiver devices.
The WattUp™ software system ensures that the charging waveforms are dynamically directed, focused and controlled via proprietary algorithms. Charging and communication between transmitters and receivers is intelligently managed using Bluetooth Low Energy and enterprise-class wireless networking protocols.
WattUp™ transmitters, or “power routers,” deliver on-demand charging energy within a 15-foot radius of where they are installed, creating a 30-foot envelope of wire-free charging space. Each of these power routers can charge up to 12 devices at the same time, so from tablets, mobile phones and wearables, your power needs are truly covered. And the entire system is software controlled for flexible, accurate and efficient power delivery.
WattUp™ receivers use multiple miniature antennas to harvest the micro energy beams sent from the transmitter. This smart antenna technology means power is delivered in smaller, safer, and focused amounts.
The entire WattUp™ wire-free charging system is software controlled. Using either a mobile app or cloud-based web portal, you can to identify which devices you want to receive power, in which order of priority, and even at what times you want the devices to charge.
For example, you could prioritize the charging of cell phones and tablets as soon as you come home from work, but while you are away, charge household devices such as sensors, remote controls, keyboards and mice. It’s a fully customizable system, however, if you prefer a more hands-off approach, WattUp has the ability to automatically and intelligently prioritize and manage all of your charging needs.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What is Energous Corporation's business model?
Energous Corporation is a technology and intellectual property licensing company which will leverage strategic partnerships to expand the WattUp™ ecosystem.
A partnership with, and license from, Energous may include proprietary chip technology and design libraries, scalable transmitter and receiver reference designs, software stacks from device firmware to cloud-based enterprise management tools, high volume technology transfer readiness documentation, custom design and applications engineering support, as well as patent, knowhow and comprehensive intellectual property coverage.
Through its membership in the Power Matters Alliance (PMA), partners will be able to test and obtain interoperability certification to the uncoupled specification.
How does WattUp™ work?
In simple terms, a WattUp™ transmitter sends energy via radio waves to paired devices containing complementary WattUp receivers. The receivers convert those radio waves into DC power, which in turn charge the batteries on the receivers.
Is it safe?
WattUp™ transmits over the same radio frequency spectrum used by Wi-Fi routers and cordless phones, both time-tested and well-proven technologies. This frequency is much less penetrative than a cellular phone signal, again a very well studied and regulated technology reference.
The RF energy is transmitted via numerous micro waveforms, each containing very small amounts of power, which are sent out in all directions within the room, reflecting off walls and surfaces in the same way as a Wi-Fi signal. Hence, the energy density at any one point in the room is extremely low. The waves are only sent when requested by a receiver device; if there are no receiver devices in the room, or if charging has not been requested by any devices present, the transmitter will then be entirely idle, and it will send no power at all.
If a receiver does call for charge (via Bluetooth communication), the paired antennas on the receiver device focus some of the micro beams into a small pocket, and energy harvesting takes place, yet only locally to the device. The receiver antennas are distributed, unlike cellular antennas, and hence the energy harvesting is also distributed, and not focused on any one hot-spot.
All of these provisions allow the WattUp system to deliver safe, efficient, and mobile power to all of your battery powered devices in the home or office. The technology follows the same certification protocols required by mobile phones, Wi-Fi products and any consumer electronic product that communicates using a Radio Frequency signal.
Is it efficient?
WattUp™ transmitters sense and communicate with authorized receiver devices via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and only send power when needed, and requested by those devices. WattUp is software controlled, intelligently determining which devices receive power, when, and in what priority. If there are no authorized devices within range, the WattUp transmitter becomes idle and no power is wasted.
Is it always on?
WattUp™ transmitters only send signals when directed to do so by the software. The Bluetooth Low Energy communication channel, however, between the receiver devices and the transmitter is always open, allowing the location, orientation, battery condition and other pertinent information to be relayed within the system, even if charging is not required or requested.
What are the RF spectrums being used by WattUp™?
- 2.4GHz (Unlicensed) for Bluetooth Low Energy communication
- 5.8GHz Industrial, Scientific & Medical (ISM) unlicensed band for power transfer
What is the transmission power of WattUp™?
WattUp™ power delivery is specified in terms of power delivered to each device. Because the system is software controlled, we specify the maximum power delivered to the maximum number of devices, for example:
Power Delivered to a Consumer Full-Featured Product
- 4W delivered simultaneously to 4 devices, 0-5 feet
- 2W delivered simultaneously to 4 devices, 5-10 feet
- 1W delivered simultaneously to 4 devices, 10-15 feet
- Delivering on average 2W to 4 devices simultaneously within the charging envelope
Power can be managed remotely via a web interface and allocated to devices in 1⁄4 W increments with the band to a maximum of 12 devices at 1⁄4W.
What is the charging time of a device using WattUp™?
The WattUp™ system consists of a network of devices, and hence the charging time is determined by the number of units being charged simultaneously as well as the allocation of available power to each device, and the distance to the transmitter.
For the full consumer full-featured product:
- <5 feet, with 4 devices calling for full power, devices charge at ~same rate as being plugged into the wall
- 5-10 feet, with 4 devices calling for full power, devices charge at ~same rate as being plugged into a USB port on a computer
- 10-15 feet, with 4 devices calling for full power, devices charge at ~1-2% per minute, depending on the device and how much charge it has remaining
The WattUp paradigm, however, is not about interrupting your routine because you are forced to have to charge your device, and hence the focus on "how fast will it charge?" or "how long do I need to wait?" It's about intelligent wireless battery, management averaged over time, so that you simply don't need to worry about having to actively "charge or change" a battery again.
How does WattUp™ use Bluetooth?
WattUp™ uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to communicate with up to 12 paired devices.
- Bluetooth is used to link the Transmitter to the Receiver(s).
- Bluetooth is also used to identify location and orientation of the Receivers in 3D space.
- Bluetooth allows the WattUp™ software to monitor power levels in the Receiver devices.
Bluetooth control also enables users to designate the level of power delivered for each receiver as well as the scheduling of power for all receivers on the system. This control allows for the cycling of power distribution for high priority devices (such as cell phones) during peak hours while charging lower-priority devices (TV remotes, cameras, etc.) during late night or off-peak times.
What are the target product segments for WattUp™?
Initially, WattUp™ is targeted at consumer electronic devices @ 10W and below:
- Smart Phones, Phablets, eReaders and Small Tablets
- Smart Phone Accessories, such as Charging Sleeves
- Wearable Fitness Trackers
- Smart Watches, and other Wearable Computing Devices
- Computer Accessories, such as Wireless Keyboards and Mice
- Remote Controls
- Home Device Networks
- Home, Office and Commercial Wireless Sensors
- Gaming Controllers
- LED Lighting
- Battery-Powered Children's Toys
What is the WattUp™ ecosystem enablement strategy?
Energous Corporation is taking a multifaceted approach to building a worldwide infrastructure for WattUp™ wire-free charging.
Energous is partnering with Original Design Manufacturers (ODMs), Original Equipment Makers (OEMs) and Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs) that currently design and manufacture existing wireless products (e.g. Wi-Fi).
We are engaging key infrastructure providers and operators that have historically monetized new wireless technologies as they deliver them into the market (e.g. paid Wi-Fi zones).
We are working with multiple receiver product design and manufacturing companies in the target segments listed above, and Standards Bodies such as the Power Matters Alliance (PMA) to roll out the adoption of compatible consumer electronic produts.
We are actively seeking target destination partners for wire-free power to proliferate commercial location demand (e.g. coffee shops, restaurants, high traffic metro areas, malls, and airports).
How do I work with Energous on compliant reference designs?
By contacting Energous, companies can engage in partnerships, either through Joint Development Agreements (JDAs) or other forms of agreements and licensing contracts. Partners will receive the support of our broad team of business professionals, and product design and deployment staff. Our team, with over 1000 man-years in technology development and commercialization, has been deploying and debugging WattUp technology from end-to-end (silicon to system, hardware to software). Reference designs are not only optimized to take advantage of the optimization gained from this depth of experience, but are also created with economic and regulatory issues front and center. In short, your success is our success, and we will go the extra mile to ensure it!


It seems that there aren’t enough outlets and electronic devices never come with a sufficient cord which is why extension cords and surge protectors can be useful. Are they compatible in conjunction?
Table of Contents
What You Need to Know About Surge Protectors and Extension Cords
Before we can get to the intricacies of connecting things to other equipment, it’s crucial to be aware of surge protection and extensions. If you don’t, you could be facing a world of trouble if you start daisy-chaining surge protectors.
The surge protectors as one can see from their name, shield electronics from power surges as well as spikes that result in sudden rises in voltage. These can occur in electrical outages, lightning strikes, or even a malfunction within electricity grids.
Consider voltage as the quantity of pressure that water exerts in the pipe. Electronics prefer a continuous flow of pressure from the source. However, when a sudden increase in pressure is unleashed on the electronic system, it can cause overload and destruction.
And you should note that not all power strips also surge protectors. Regular power strips just provide extra reach and outlets.
In terms of extension cords, they’re less complicated and more prevalent in homes. But, not all are made equal and you must be aware of certain factors before you purchase any extension cord and utilize the cord to charge your gadgets including your “gauge” of the cable (a.k.a. the wire’s thickness).
Of course, a major concern you may have is whether extensions cords or surge protectors can happily coexist. The answer is technically it is possible, however, you shouldn’t.
Can You Plug a Surge Protector Into an Extension Cord?
On paper, it is possible. The most important thing to do is make sure that the extension cord can take on the same loads that the surge protector can (or even more).
For instance, the Belkin surge protector features an extension cord of 14 gauge, which means it is important to ensure that the extension cord you choose to use is at least 14 gauge or higher. Otherwise, you’re putting too much strain on the cord and creating a fire risk for you.
In the final analysis but it’s really not advised to utilize the extension cord to do anything other than short-term use, mainly since you’re risking exposing an extension cord to long-term wear and tear that it was not intended for. Furthermore, that additional connection you make when you plug in your extension cable is an additional connection that may be loosened in time and pose a danger. Most importantly, it violates OSHA and NEC rules.
So what should you do instead? Either use a surge protector with a long enough cord to reach the nearest outlet or install an extra outlet closer to where you need it. These options aren’t the most convenient, but they’re the safest.
Can You Plug Extension Cords Into Another Extension Cord?
Technically, you can however, it’s not recommended because it’s a hazard to fire. Also, it’s against OSHA or NEC regulations.
It’s all about length since extension cords are only as long as they are. The longer cord, the higher electrical resistance that is created, which reduces the amount of power that is available to devices. If you decide to start adding extensions to your cords you risk running the cord too long and under-powering your devices, which is not wise.
Additionally, as stated in the previous section, the additional connections you plug extension cords to one another can be considered as additional points of failure that do not have to be present in the first instance.
Instead of tying extension cords with each other Do yourself a favor and use a single extension cord to meet your requirements.
Can You Plug a Surge Protector Into Another Surge Protector?
This could be the most significant rule of all the ones that’s been discussed, and if you’re at the point where you’re getting a shortage of plugs for the surge protector you have, you likely have too many plugs in any way. Therefore, adding another surge protector is just creating another issue in addition to the current one.
Furthermore, the protection abilities of the surge protector (as opposed to an ordinary power strip) could be compromised if an additional surge protector has been connected to it, perhaps to the point that no surge protector can perform its job efficiently.
Additionally, many surge protector manufacturers will void their warranty when you connect them daisy-chained. And did you know that this is in violation of OSHA as well as NEC regulations? There’s probably a frequent theme in this article.
At the end of the day, you will not cause any harm If you take the appropriate precautions (making sure that extension cords are properly rated for the power they deliver and, of course. ) However, it’s not an investment worth making, particularly considering that there are alternative (and more effective) methods to take advantage of.
Best Extension Cords For Surge Protector
It is possible to reduce the risks of daisy-chaining by acquiring the most suitable extension cord to protect your surge, or, even better, the best surge protector you can get. I think the best option is to purchase an extension cord that has surge protection.
Whatever route you decide to go no matter what route you take, everyone agrees that daisy chaining is the most secure method when you have surge protectors and extension cords like the ones below that are effective, functional, and reliable:
This power strip is equipped with six outlets that can be independently controlled as well as enough USB ports to charge three different devices. It comes with the ETL certificate which means it is a reliable device to safeguard your appliances from surges of power. It comes with a sophisticated app that allows you to monitor the amount of power that each device is using. You can also use the app to manage the devices connected to the outlets and ports. If this wasn’t enough convenient the power strip is equipped with a voice control feature.
This tower features 12 outlets that provide surge protection of up to 1000 joules This is more than enough to protect your devices from the effects of surges. The five USB ports available have an option to identify the device that is connected before making adjustments to ensure the most efficient charging speeds.
The horizontal shape of the power strip is extremely convenient. It will save space. It is not only fully ETL- and FCC Certified but it comes with a 30-day no-hassle return policy as well as a two-year warranty.
This product is covered by the insurance of $150,000 as well as an unbeatable warranty for life. It features twelve outlets and enough space to accommodate the requirements of four transformers with substantial dimensions. The cord measures 8 feet long. It provides the surge protector with the same reach as the extension cable. You can anticipate security that is 2880joules and diagnostic LEDs. 12A circuit breakers, as well as the safety certifications UL 1449.
This power strip is shockingly affordable. But, it’s effective. It comes with the protection of 4,500 joules along with eight outlets, which are designed to shield the delicate devices you plug into it from damaging spikes and surges.
Look for LEDs that will indicate whether you have one with fireproof MOVs and a long, sturdy cord of 6 feet. The power strip is equipped with an on/off switch.
Read More: Lava Lamp Everything you need to know
Frequently Asked Questions:
Why not to daisy chain surge protectors?
Do not daisy chain outlet strips or extension cords. If you require additional outlets or a longer length of cord choose the correct cord or strip. The best ones are designed to handle the load ratings.
Daisy-chaining strips and cords also invite overloading circuits.
The potential to overload the first surge protector and the source outlet is too high. Could lead to nuisance trips of the outlet’s circuit breaker, could trip the breaker on the first surge protector. Also – never operate these on the floor.
Why should a laser printer be plugged into surge protectors?
Surge protection minimizes the frequency of harmonics that are generated by electronic devices such as DVD players, computers, and various other electronic equipment. A UPS is a non-interruptible power source, also known as a battery backup. Don’t connect your printer directly into a UPS as it’ll drain the battery more quickly than it normally would.
How long do surge protectors APC last?
You can make use of an APC surge protector battery for more than 5 years. If you keep it in good condition then you can utilize a UPS for 10 years or more. PS is an uninterruptible power supply that acts as it’s a backup battery. Don’t connect the printer to a UPS since it’ll drain the battery more quickly than it would normally.
Why are there ethernet ports on surge protectors have?
Surge protectors do not just protect the devices you use from electrical surges and power surges, they also feature Ethernet ports through which you can establish an Ethernet connection between all of your gadgets. By using surge protectors you’ll be able to safeguard your Ethernet switch as well as the connected devices from irreparable harm.
How to cover surge protectors from kids?
The easiest way to protect your children from the dangers posed by surge protectors is to use a guard. The type of guard you use will depend on your electrical outlet.
How to protect outdoor extension cord from rain?
It is possible to protect it by covering it with a plastic bag or protect it by covering it with a plastic case for the cord. You can also wrap electric tape, or even duct tape over your cord to ensure the cord dries for a few hours. This article will provide the most effective methods you can employ to safeguard your extension outside from the rain.
How far will the 30 amp extension cord go?
To handle the 3,600 watts 30 amp cords can handle, you’ll need a 10 AWG extension cord. Keep in mind that The longer the extension cord you choose, the smaller the AWG number needed.
What is an APC surge protector?
The APC SurgeArrest Home/Office series provides a premium level of surge protection for computers and other electronic devices in the event of large electrical surges.


Neopost, developer of the first electronic postage meter, is doing its part to save companies time and money.
Neopost has received approval from the U.S. Postal Service to begin commercial sales of Simply Postage. The PC-integrated postage solution ends waiting in post office lines and lets businesses download and print postage directly from their PCs.
The units hardware component is a small, secure metering and thermal printing device that connects to a PCs standard serial port. Postage for all classes of mail is digitally stored within the hardware and printed on self-adhesive labels. The unit sells for substantially less than postage meter machines and the software component allows users 24-hour access to Neoposts Postage-On-Caller system for downloading and storing up to $500 worth of postage.
The system is available via the Internet at www.simplypostage.com and through a toll free number, (800) 624-7892. Simply Postage will be sold in major office equipment retail stores later this year.


Exactly How Electrical Heating Gadget Work?
Electric heating systems are a technique by which electrical power is converted directly to heat energy. Common usages include cooking, space home heating, steam home heating and also industrial procedures. An electrical heating system is primarily an electric device which converts a direct electric present to heat energy which can after that be made use of in the numerous processes stated. This makes electric heating systems a cost-effective technique of energy management. They can likewise be utilized as an auxiliary heating unit when extra heating gadgets like radiators as well as fire places are not wanted. Electric heating systems work with the same principal as various other types of electrical burner. The primary difference depends on the means the electricity is created and also transmitted to the burner. The majority of standard electric heating units take power from the keys electricity and network it to the heater. The heat-generating aspects get the electricity from the mains through a protected cord which is after that connected to the heating elements. Standard electrical heaters normally have two different systems for transforming the electrical power to heat. These systems are called the open and closed loop systems. In the open loop system, the electrical energy is presented to the heating element via the key heater. It is after that transmitted to the radiators or any kind of various other aspect through the safety and security breaker. The second system includes using a momentary second furnace. This is done when the electrical power is required for simply a short period of time. The main parts of most electrical heating systems are the gas resource (i.e. gas, oil, coal), the warmth generating components (i.e. coil, radiant radiator, blower fan etc.) as well as the heating elements themselves. It is needed to make certain that the fuel does not shed exceedingly since too much warmth transfer might lead to explosion. Electric heaters are known to be made use of in industrial fields like printing shops, garment boutiques, completely dry cleaners, cooking systems and so on for creating power without releasing contaminated gases into the ambience. They can likewise be made use of as source of power for clinical devices. Heatpump technologies are also offered for producing electrical energy from thermal procedures making use of water and the heat energy moved through it. One can likewise convert electric energy into thermal energy by using the principle of boilers. These central heating boilers are made use of to produce hot water straight by using the heat. Central heating boilers are one of the most fundamental part of electric heating devices and also are extremely efficient. Nonetheless, they require routine maintenance. You can also obtain an electric home heating gadget that has the center of incorporating warm as well as activity. These kinds are also extremely efficient and are described as motion warmed tools.
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When it comes to PC games, we need more and more speed and performance. With time modern games are increasing their performance. So we need more powerful hardware to gain the perfect performance. But upgrading your hardware regularly can be much expensive when you trying to cope with the latest games. If you don’t have the budget for the new gear or just trying to get more from your hardware, overclocking your device is a best option. To boost the performance of your system, you can overclock graphics card, your system memory and Processor. Assuming your PC has a suitable processor and decent memory inside, when it comes to game performance, graphics card has the largest impact.
Interested? Here we’ll show you how to overclock your graphics card easily using some free tools which will work on a huge range of graphics cards. With a little knowledge and some patience, you can easily enjoy the amazing features of an overclocked graphics card.
Before you begin
Your system stability, cooling system, power supply process are the most important things to consider before even making your mind to overclock graphics card.
An overclocked graphics card can run above its main frequency and stock GPU. As a result you will get higher performance, higher power and more heat. Modern graphics cards have effective cooling system with capability to maintain at least some level of overclocking. You may need to add an additional cooling system if your CPU is already overheating.
Now different tools are available to monitor your system temperature. Most motherboard manufacturers have tools available to calculate the temperature of the mother board. And you can use BIOS to see the temperature reports.
We will discuss “GPU” utilities little later that will also inform you “GPU temperature“. What should be the right temperature of a overclock graphics card? The answer of this question varies from card to card. But you always have to keep the temperature below 90°c.
When you overclock a graphics card, it needs more power consumption to run the “Card GPU” and “memory” at high frequency and offer more performance than before. If your “PSU” (Power Supply Unit) is already running its high limits, an overclock graphics card can make your system unstable. Or in worst case, your “PSU” can be damaged. You can easily check the power consumption by using a cheap power meter. Or you can use a virtual power calculator (http://outervision.com/power-supply-calculator) to calculate your approximate power consumption.
Overclock your graphics card when the system is stable and functional. You should not ignore any error of your system even if it occurs occasionally. Because a little system error could be a first sign of a major problem. If you have any fault in your OS (Operating System), you should not overclock graphics card. Because it may ends up with system failure.
You should update your graphics drivers and measure the performance of your graphics card, before overclocking it. Because if your overclocked graphics card can’t reach your expectation but your PC is getting more Lauder and hotter, than you have to give yourself a big thanks. Because you tried. Updating your graphics drivers to latest version can solve various problems with new released games.
At last, you should keep in mind that overclocking your graphics card can shorten its life time. Especially when you force the card’s voltage to its limit to get high frequency. Keeping the temperature in control and not touching card’s voltage can give your overclock graphics card a long life.
Depending on the card’s manufacturer and model, sometimes overclocking can void warranty.
Many graphics card manufacturers and developers has free software to overclock graphics card.
AMD Corporation has an overdrive tool right into their driver suit named “Catalyst”. Which can easily be found in “performance” tab in “Catalyst Control Panel”. “Gigabyte” has a software called “OC Guru Utility”, “EVGA” offers “Precision”, “MSI” has its “After Burner” among others. This software are free and can be used with a large range of cards, not only with its manufacturer’s graphics cards.
Here we are going to use “MSI Afterburner Utility” to overclock graphics cards. The utility is based on “Riva Tuner Engine”. This utility is under development for ages.
Download the tool from MSI’s official website and install it. Basically using “Afterburner Utility” is straight forward and very easy. After launching the application, it will search the system and identify your graphics card. Generally “Afterburner Utility” is comfortable with any AMD or Nvidia made graphics card.
When it’s ready, the software will give you a detailed interface with some sliders for “GPU and memory frequencies“, “fan curves“, “temperature data“, “current clock speed“, “alternating power targets“. There is a by default “disabled voltage slider” to tweak GPU voltage. You have to enable “Afterburner” advanced menu which can be accessed by clicking the icon located in the middle of the interface and checking the boxes to access “Voltage Control and Monitoring”.
For basic, it’s not recommended to mass with GPU voltage. Because too much voltage can damage your overclock graphics card immediately. Generally 1-2 mille voltage are safe but no one can give you any guarantee.
The overclocking process
And if you like you can run some in-game benchmark. You can Search Google to see your Graphics cards in-game benchmark results.
To overclock your graphics card using “Afterburner”, lunch the application and enhance the “Temperature and power consumption” limits. If you are using a “Radeon” graphics card, you may only able to increase the power limit. In most cases, setting the temperature below 90°c and a 10% boost in power target should work. But if you want to avoid any risk, you can leave them unchanged.
During the process of overclocking your graphics card, it’s recommended to alternate your memory and GPU clocks separately to identify any possible issue.
Slowly start increasing the GPU clock speed by 10MHZ at a time. After increasing the speed save the change and use “Haven Bench marking tool” to detect any system or graphical errors such as sparking light, color blobs or other visual artifacts. If you can’t find any problem, then increase the speed another 10MHZ. Now again repeat the process. When you notice any artifacts, turn the clock speed down till the artifacts disappear. Now note the final clock speed and reset the graphics card back to its normal speed.
Now apply the same process for the graphics card’s memory clock speed.
When you have both clock speeds noted, set the GPU and memory both to those speeds and save the change. Now check the stability of your system again. If everything seems ok, you are ready to enjoy your overclocked graphics card. But if you notice any visual artifacts while checking, just turn the frequencies down a few MZ (Mega Harz) and test the stability again.
While overclocked, if your system remains stable but overall performance of the graphics card decreases, reduce the both clock speed till the performance increases along with the clock speed. Now new generation “GeForce GTX” graphics cards need more monitoring then before cards. Because modern “GeForce GTX” graphics card has capability to automatically tune their performance with “Nvidia GPU Boost”. The “GPU boost” increases the clock speed until it comes to a certain temperature.
If you try to edit every variable, overclocking your graphics card can get complicated. In addition to change the “power and GPU temperature” frequency you should use balanced value because of “GPU Boost”. Sometimes increasing clock speed or voltage can be seemed like worked perfectly. But the overall performances decreases as a result of some errors. If you face any problems when overclocking a “Nvidia GeForce graphics card” with “GPU boost”, you just have to use it till it’s (safety) worked out.
Now Radeon graphics card users have the ability to change its power limits. But the adjustments of its clock speed are more perfect.
Here we overclocked two graphics cards and saw a measurable performance from both of them.
The “AMD Radeon” has the largest in-game performance but the “Nvidia GeForce GTX” has the biggest clock speed boost in frequency gain. At “Bundaberg It Solutions” we used a system which had “Intel Core i7” inside, “32GB RAM” and it was running “Windows10 Pro x64”to test the graphics cards. Our graphics drivers were updated and we used high resolution with max quality settings.
Ultimately, we overclock graphics card to gain more performance. Besides higher performance we have to face some overheating issue and the graphics card is going to need more juice then before to give you the high performance.
If you can keep the temperature issue in control then changing your graphics card’s clock speed shouldn’t be an issue. Changing the voltage of your graphics card can reduce its life time. But proper amount of voltage and a comfortable graphics card can give you its best performance. You just have to learn enough about it before starting.
After going through this process, if you’re not sure or don’t want to take any risk about overclocking your graphics card and still having issues with your graphics card, its may be a time to get professional help. The team at “Bundaberg It Solutions” are proud to have the proper resources and well experienced professionals to solve any graphics card problems and keep your PC safe. You just have to contact us. If you want to upgrade/change/fix your graphics card, you can always contact us by clicking here.
If you can’t find what you are looking for or have any question, suggestions please don’t hesitate to contact us. We always have enough time to listen to you and take your suggestion positively to make our tutorial more resourceful.
If you want to keep yourself updated with the latest technology, you are always welcome to visit our Social Media pages:


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AI is revolutionizing industries and society, but it’s important to consider the implications.
This article will examine AI’s current state and future advancements, its impact on various industries, and the ethical considerations surrounding its development and use.
We will explore the potential consequences of AI’s continued advancement and understand how artificial intelligence is shaping our world.
The current state and future advancements of AI.
Currently, AI is being used in a wide range of industries and applications, such as self-driving cars, virtual assistants, and medical diagnosis. However, despite the progress that has been made, there are still limitations to what AI can do. For example, current AI systems are not yet able to fully replicate human intelligence or creativity.
In the future, advancements in AI are expected to continue. Specifically, researchers are working on developing more advanced machine learning techniques, such as deep learning, that can enable AI systems to learn and improve on their own.
Additionally, there is ongoing research into creating more human-like AI, known as “artificial general intelligence.” This type of AI would be able to perform a wide range of tasks and adapt to new situations, similar to a human.
AI and impact on various industries.
Artificial intelligence has already had a significant impact on various industries, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. In the healthcare industry, AI is being used to improve medical diagnosis, drug discovery, and patient monitoring. In the financial industry.
It is being used for fraud detection, risk assessment, and portfolio management. In the manufacturing industry, AI is being used for process optimization, predictive maintenance, and supply chain management.
In the retail industry, AI is being used for personalized recommendations, automated customer service, and inventory management. In the transportation and logistics industry, AI is being used for route optimization, fleet management, and autonomous vehicles.
In the energy industry, artificial intelligence is being used for demand forecasting, smart grid management, and predictive maintenance.
Additionally, Artificial intelligence is also being used in the field of education, where it is used to create personalized learning plans and grade papers, and answer students’ questions.
Artificial intelligence is also used in the field of agriculture, where it is used to predict crop yields, identify pests and diseases, and optimize irrigation systems.
The potential consequences of Artificial intelligence.
As Artificial intelligence continues to advance, it has the potential to bring about significant changes to our world. One of the main concerns is the potential for job displacement. With the increasing ability of artificial intelligence to automate tasks.
There is a risk that certain jobs will become obsolete, leading to unemployment and economic inequality.
Such as the website chatgpt which will contribute to the retirement of many content writers.
Moreover, the increasing use of AI in decision-making raises questions about accountability. If an AI system makes a decision that leads to negative consequences, it can be challenging to determine who should be held responsible.
Additionally, the increasing reliance on AI in critical systems such as healthcare, transportation, and finance, raises concerns about the security and robustness of these systems.
As artificial intelligence systems become more complex and autonomous, it becomes more challenging to ensure that they are operating as intended and to prevent malicious attacks.
In conclusion, artificial intelligence has made significant progress in recent years, but much work still needs to be done. Future advancements in AI are expected to focus on creating more advanced machine learning techniques and developing more human-like AI.


Real-time satellite imagery isn’t available yet, but nearly real or close enough to suffice can be found. Whether clouds or not will obscure the landscape remains for you to discover. Its not surprising that not all satellites have cameras for imagery, but considering how many satellites orbit the earth it’s surprising real time imagery is not available yet, as this is what near space looks like:
kmz file for Google Earth of the satellites: here
The most recent satellite images can be seen two ways as far as I know:
- Google Earth by using the Clouds layer in the Weather layer folder. Clouds of course can be frustrating as they obscure the view. Otherwise, the history slider can take users back in time, and will post/print/show the most recent time, which could be several months old.
- NASA’s most recent imagery is available at the DSCOVR EPIC (Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera): https://epic.gsfc.nasa.gov/ part of DSCOVR: Deep Space Climate Observatory


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|about aQtive > company > background|
aQtive was formed by Dr Russell Beale, a research lecturer at the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham, Professor Alan Dix of Lancaster University, Dr Andrew Wood, a postgraduate from the University of Birmingham and has more recently been joined by Peter Marchant, aQtive's Chairman.
The ideas for the company were formed in the autumn of 1997 based on over 10 years of academic research and commercial experience in IT. Together, the founders developed aQtive's first software product, onCue. The technology was based on Andy's PhD work influenced by Russell's interest in agent technology and artificial intelligence and Alan's theoretical work on user-interfaces.
Before these ideas could be turned into reality, aQtive sought funding for the project from a number of different venture capital firms. Earlier in 1997, Russell had secured a potential deal from backers from Silicon Valley, but after much soul searching decided that the deal was not right and turned it down. The decision proved to be the right one, but it took a further year of work, numerous refinements of the business plan and approaches to several potential venture capital companies to secure the necessary finance. One of the companies approached was 3i, the UK and Europe's leading venture capital company. After endless meetings and much uncertainty, the team secured its backing with an initial seed investment. 3i were later joined by Specialist Technology Fund (STF) a hi-tech investment company co-owned by Peter Rigby and SCH (Specialist Computer Holdings), the biggest privately owned computer seller in the UK.
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Algorithms and tool support for the synthesis of Boolean nets (Marta Pietkiewicz-Koutny)
Boolean nets are a family of Petri net models capable of describing a great range of computational systems, such as VLSI hardware systems or biologically motivated membrane systems or reaction systems. Recently there is a growing interest in the modelling of systems whose behaviour combines synchrony with asynchrony in a variety of complicated ways (in this case, synchrony is related to logical or physical closeness of system components, and asynchrony to the operation of distant or loosely connected subsystems). Relatively simple examples of such real-life systems range from VLSI hardware GALS systems to systems of living cells within which biochemical reactions happen in synchronised pulses. One way of capturing the resulting intricate behaviours is to use ENL-systems or safe PNL-nets (Boolean nets with localities) where transitions are partitioned into disjoint groups within which execution is synchronous, and otherwise it proceeds asynchronously. Additional challenge in modelling computer systems is to consider their concurrent behaviour and using in their analysis a concurrent semantics specified by connection monoids, which are essential part of describing different classes of Petri net models.
Within the domain of rigorous system design, automated synthesis from behavioural specifications is an attractive and yet still underdeveloped approach of constructing computational systems. Synthesis procedures guarantee that the resulting systems are correct, and so the time consuming process of system verification becomes redundant. The main problem in the area of automated synthesis is a lack of mature techniques and implemented tools capable of dealing with complex real-life system construction. In particular, there are no mature algorithms and implemented tools aimed at the synthesis of different kinds of Boolean nets from concurrent specifications. Addressing this issue is the overall goal of the proposed research project.
The proposed PhD project would concentrate on developing algorithms and building a tool that for a given behavioural description of a system (in the form of a step transition system) and a given specification of a class of Boolean nets (in the form of a net type) would assess whether the given behaviour can be realised as a Boolean net of the given type or not, and in the case of a positive answer would produce a net with the specified concurrent behaviour.


With bricks that can be triggered by sound, light, touch and the entire world of IoT, there isn’t much you can’t do. You can set your phone’s alarm clock to only shut off when you build a pyramid. Or you make a treat dispenser that gives your pup a treat every time he goes to his crate when there’s a knock at the door. Or help your kid build a nightlight that turns on when he says “heebeejeebee”. You can even use it to replace high end automated IoT processes, like setting your Nest profile and turning on all your smart home devices just by hanging up a BRIXO keychain on a BRIXO board by the door. The possibilities are pretty much endless.


Developing an affordable, easy-to-make pulse oximeter that can be manufactured from widely available stock-parts.
Arjo Loeve and his research colleagues at TU Delft’s Department of BioMechanical Engineering are working with the Jeroen Bosch Hospital and the Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences on a new pulse oximeter that is easy and inexpensive to produce. The pulse oximeter is a crucial measurement tool that monitors the heartbeat and amount of oxygen in the blood while COVID-19 patients are being treated. The aim of the research is to counteract the impending shortage of this tool.
This project is financially supported by:
‘Creatieve oplossingen aanpak coronavirus (COVID-19)’
Arjo Loeve - 3ME TU Delft
Shortage of pulse oximeters


My new KTP with Titan Products Ltd has started today with the new associate joining the University and the company; welcome Seb.
The aim of the project is to develop, embed and exploit advanced wireless networking expertise to support the commercialisation of a sector-leading family of wireless environmental sensors and control products for the commercial and home automation markets. It is a joint project between the Departments of Computer Science and Electrical & Electronic Engineering, in the School of Engineering, The University of Manchester.
More information can be found on the KTP portal. The total grant for the project is £303k and it will run for 3 years.


Rockharv LED – RH8 Beam
Power supply: AC 90-240V, 50/60Hz
Power consumption: 100W
DMX Mode: 10 Channel Mode & 38 Channel Mode
DMX-512-connection: 3-pin XLR
Control modes: DMX512, Auto, Sound active, Master/slave, Built in Programs
Light source: 8x12W RGBW 4 in 1 CREE LEDs
Beam angle: 3°
LED’s Life: 60,000-100,000hrs.
Dimensions: 115cm Length, 16cm Width 22cm Height
The RH8 Beam features RGB and White CREE LEDs totalling 12 Watts in each Beam Pod. Each LED Colour in each Pod can be individually controlled via DMX. This unique fixture has the ability to chase, pulse and strobe. With its smooth sweeping movement the use of the RH8 Beam is guaranteed to bring your stage or dance floor to life. With the possibility of horizontal and vertical application, this fixture features built in programmes, sound active mode, master/slave option for multiple units as well as full DMX control.
Original Price £389.00 / Sale Price £299.00
(plus £9.99 delivery to UK mainland)


Samsung Ativ Tab 3 tablet comes with stand and keyboard for those who are always on the move and have work to do.
Samsung Ativ Tab 3 is a tablet with Windows 8 (the x86 version running in 32-bit mode), very thin, only 8,2 mm (0.32-inch), weighing 550g (1.2 pounds). All this at a screen size of 10.1 inches with a resolution of 1366 x 758 pixels. The price is $699.
The tablet is powered by the Intel Atom Z2760 dual-core processor, and inside we find 2GB of RAM. The storage space is 64 GB flash can be expanded via a microSD card (up to additional 32 GB). Its battery should last up to 10 hours, according to Samsung.
The gadget has a micro USB 2.0 and a micro HDMI port. It comes with an S Pen, compatible with the Microsoft Office 2013 software that is preinstalled.
The Samsung Ativ Tab 3 features SideSync which offers users the possibility to share data between the Samsung Android phone and their tablet. Screen and keyboard sharing is another feature offered by SideSync: the user can type text messages on the keyboard and have the app images displayed on the larger tablet screen.


The enormous role played by science — especially government-sponsored science — in our everyday lives is barely appreciated.
Start with modern medicine. We, the public, paid for it through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and research universities where the medical researchers, surgeons, doctors and nurses were trained, and where tools like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) developed. Modern drugs were also developed through basic research sponsored by NIH. Modern medicine is the dividend of our investment over decades in medical science.
Next, computers. Computer science didn’t just appear. It was developed through grants from National Science Foundation (NSF) and Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARP). The Internet was developed by the Defense Department. It was originally called the Arpanet. Satellites were developed through NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Defense Department, with vast amount of new science: rocket fuels, physics, new materials for rocket shells, advances…
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Samsung Galaxy S20 & S20 ULTRA
Samsung Galaxy S20:- Samsung Galaxy arrangement consistently discharges one of the most foreseen cell phones each year. Presently Samsung is propelling three up and coming 5G cell phones, Samsung Galaxy S20, S20 Plus, and S20 Ultra. These Smartphones have propelled age innovation and advances highlights. Samsung Galaxy accompanies an astounding look and finish. Here you will get the best screen and camera Quality, as all of you know Samsung never bargains with its camera and screen quality in high spending plan Smartphones. Here we will examine Samsung Galaxy S20, S20 Plus and S20 Ultra Price in India, Specifications, Offers, Launch in India, and progressively different subtleties.
Samsung Galaxy S20 series Display
The Samsung Galaxy S20 series will function a large 6.2 to 6.9-inch WQHD+ Dynamic AMOLED display which will have a 3,200x 1,440 pixels resolution, a 20:9 component ratio, and a 511 PPI pixels density. The display of the tool could have a 120Hz refresh rate. Measurements for the device are – 167 x 76 x 8.8mm.
On the off chance that we examine Samsung Galaxy S20’s Battery, we will get a Battery of 4000mAh, however, in Galaxy S20 Plus we will get a battery of 4500mAh and if there should arise an occurrence of S20 Ultra we will get a battery of 5000mAh. Such a goliath battery makes the gadgets somewhat heavier.
Gadgets will bolster 25W quick charging, remote charging, turn around remote charging.
These gadgets will have different capacity choices from 128GB to 512GB. Extra carport as much as 1TB might be acquainted with the gadget with the help of an outside SD card.
Samsung Galaxy S20 arrangement Camera
In Samsung Galaxy S20 and S20+, you will get a Primary camera of 12 MP, a ultra-wide camera of 12 MP and a fax camera of 64 MP with multiple times optical zoom and multiple times Digital zoom.
Presently a definitive Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra is utilizing the essential camera of 108MP, wherein Samsung’s new sensor is utilized. The fax camera of 48 MP with multiple times optical zoom and multiple times Digital zoom. It additionally has 12 MP of ultra-wide-point camera.
In Samsung Galaxy S20+ and S20 Ultra TOF sensor can be seen.
Forward looking Camera in S20 and S20+ is of 10 MP. What’s more, S20 Ultra is thinking of 40MP forward looking camera.
Moreover, the apparatus can have a guide for 8K video recording (back camera) and 4K recording at 60fps (the front camera). Ultimately, the Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra could have a guide for Dolby Atmos Stereo Speakers by AKG.


Introduction to Visual Programming
- What is Visual Programming?
- Advantages of Visual Programming
- Disadvantages of Visual Programming
With the development of electronic system, computer has made greater impact on society than other devices. They have made a potentially significant contribution to the society during the last four decades.
The development has obtained its optimum level as every needs of the human are made easily available and are completed with less time duration. Which was possible with the development of several applications. They dominate every sphere of life be it entertainment, education, banking, insurance, research, medicine, design or manufacturing. They continue to grow and open new horizons of discovery and application.
One of the primary reasons for the immense popularity of computer of the speed with which they can accomplish specified tasks. However, computer applications are not always easy to use.
Any application has its two parts:
- User interface – This is the screen display of the application or it is also called Front End of the program where users are interacted with the function of the application. Every application has user interface to interact with the user in one or many Forms. User interface encourages users to provide the instruction that are asked by the application.
- Programming – Programming is done at the Back End of the user interface. As the user interface provides the user to select the instruction in application, programming gives the clear-cut instruction for the function selected by the user. In simple it is the set of rules including the instructions what need to be done for that command and this is what a computer understands.
Visual Programming provides the user with an interface that is intuitive and easy to use. In developing such an interface, the programmer needs to use the user friendly features like windows, forms, menus, buttons, and list boxes and so on.
A visual programming environment provides all the features that are required to develop a graphical user interface as ready-to-user components. The programmer does not have to write code to create and display commonly used user-friendly components each time around.
In visual programming, when a certain component or feature as button is needed, then the programmer just need to drag-and-drop the ready-to-use component from the toolbar to the Form window. They can simply add more, resize, move and rename the component for programmers ease. Typically a mouse is used to select and place the necessary component. Thus, the visual programming environment is also called a point and click environment.
Visual programming enables attaching the same codes for the similar kinds of components. For example in calculator, using of control arrays of components to handle the click event of the digits.
Visual programming enables:
- Visual development of graphical user interface which are easy to use and easy to learn.
- Eliminates the tradition of writing of code to display the required components.
- Facilitates to use the ready to use components. The programmer picks up the required components from this list to display it.
- The component can be moved, resized and even deleted, if so required.
- There is no restriction on the number of controls that can be placed on a form.
- The interface components provided by the visual programming environment have some code built into them to handle events generated during the run state.
When visual programming makes it very simple to create complex user interfaces, it suffers from some disadvantages:
- As the name implies, the entire process of developing an application using a visual development environment is visual. Thus, the development environment in itself is highly graphical in nature and therefore requires more memory.
- Computer supporting the video graphics system with high performance is required.
- Larger capacity hard disk.
- More RAM.
- Faster Processor.
- Visual programming can be done only with GUI operating systems as Windows.
Some popular visual programming tools are:
- Visual Basic
- Developer 2000
More Chapters/ Tutorials on Visual Basic 6
This Chapter includes more detailed tutorial on Visual Basic and walkthrough
This chapter includes a full tutorial on “Building Math Calculator as First Visual Basic Project”
You’ll know more about the Development Environment of Microsoft Visual Basic IDE.
Learn more about fundamental visual interface components and more gui components used in Visual Basic Development Environment.
Working with Visual Basic Controls guides different ways of using various Controls interfaces like textbox, combobox and many more with their various event handler.


BOYA BY-BM6060 Professional Shotgun Microphone Super-Cardioid Condenser Mic for Canon Nikon Sony Panasonic Video DSLR Camcorder
The BY-BM6060 focus on super-cardioid characteristics and resistance to low-noise circuitry noise, it’s well-suited to a variety of applications from independent films, TV programs to documentaries.
Initiate switchable high-pass filter control to roll of the low-frequency noise at 150Hz such as rumbles and traffic.
It`s 3-pin XLR output is in compliance with 24-48V phantom power supply. When your devices aren’t phantom powered, the BY-BM6060 can be powered by one AA battery
In addition, the BY-BM6060 includes a fur windshield and foam windscreen for an intelligible sound effect and secure protection.
Ideal for independent films, TV program, documentaries and more
Deliver clear and intelligible sound
Switchable high pass filter control(150Hz)
Powered by 24-48V phantom power or 1.5V AA battery
Includes fur windshield, foam windscreen, carry pouch, shock mount adapter
Polar Pattern: Super-cardioid
Frequency Response: 60Hz-20000Hz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio: 80dB
Output Impedance: 200Ω
Power Requirements: 24-48V phantom power or 1.5V AA battery
Output: 3-pin XLR
High Pass Filter: 150Hz
What is Included
1 x Shotgun Microphone
1 x Sponge Cover
1 x Microphone Windshield Fur Muff
1 x Bracket Stand
1 x Portable Bag
More To Love


Prospective Authors – Please submit your papers through the following link. This works for the Main Track of the conference and All Special Sessions. All submission dates have been extended to 15 April 2018. This is a strict and final deadline – no further extensions are possible.
Submission Link https://www.easychair.org/conferences/?conf=iccci2018
ICCCI 2018 is an international scientific conference for research in the field of Computational Collective Intelligence, to be held on 5-7 September 2018 at the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. The aim of this conference is to provide an internationally respected forum for scientific research in the computer-based methods of collective intelligence and their applications. The scope of ICCCI 2018 includes topics related with processing data and knowledge from autonomous sources, especially in: collective processing, knowledge and data integration, group decision making, multicriteria decision making, consensus computing, and social networks. The conference is jointly organized by the University of the West of England (UWE Bristol) in the United Kingdom and Wroclaw University of Science and Technology in Poland, in cooperation with IEEE SMC Technical Committee on Computational Collective Intelligence.


Green technology Quest
Credit: Aerojet Rocketdyne
Hydrazine has powered satellites and manned spacecraft for years, but it is highly flammable and corrosive, making it dangerous and expensive to transport. Since the fuel can be extremely harmful if it is inhaled or touches the skin, it is handled by workers wearing inflatable suits.
The propellant is an energetic ionic liquid that evaporates more slowly and requires more heat to ignite than hydrazine, making it more stable and much less flammable.Its main ingredient is hydroxyl ammonium nitrate, and when it burns, it gives off nontoxic gasses like water vapor, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Importantly, M315E is safe enough to be loaded into a spacecraft before it goes to the launch pad, which would cut the time and cost of ground processing for a vehicle headed for space.
"In today's world you cannot and do not want to load a spacecraft with hydrazine and ship it, " said Michael Gazarik, associate administrator for NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD).
Udall, a Democrat, said the new propellant will cause less harm to the environment, boost fuel efficiency and pave the way for more complex launches.
"I don't know what there isn't to like in there, " he told reporters Tuesday.
A company based in Udall's home state, Ball Aerospace, has been working witha subcontractor Aerojet Rocketdyne and NASA scientists to develop a propulsion system that can handle the new environmentally friendly fuel. The project is getting support from NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate, a new office charged with injecting money intovital technologies the space agency needs to fulfill its deep-space exploration goals.
This rendering shows the spacecraft that will carry the green propulsion system into orbit in 2015.
Credit: Ball Aerospace
Ball and Aerojet officials said that they successfully completed a test of the new fuel using a 22 Newton, (5 pound force) thruster, achieving an 11-hour continuous burn. In the planned 2015 demonstration flight, this thruster would fire simultaneously with four smaller 1 Newton thrusters to maneuver in space, making orbit and altitude changes.
Right now, the team working on GPIM is in the preliminary design review phase. They hope to pass a critical design review by the end of the year, which would set the stage for the green propulsion system to launch in early 2015 aboard a fly aboard a boxy satellite, the Ball Configurable Platform 100 spacecraft bus.
NASA's GPIM budget is about $42.3 million, including a contract with Ball for approximately $35.3 million, according to a space agency spokesperson. Ball is developing the software to fly the spacecraft and the fundamental thruster technology is being provided by Aerojet Rocketdyne. The Edwards Air Force Research Laboratory, meanwhile, is contributing all propellant required for the mission.
M315E is just one new propulsion technology NASA is exploring to make its future missions more efficient. Some options wouldn't even require propellant fuel, such as solar sails that harness energy from...
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