4K LED TV
A Guide To LED Televisions
There was time when buying new televisions was very simple, but now it’s not that case. Before the choices were less only one choice people had was with the size, if you wanted a big television or a small television. But now we have vast choices. Now there are different types of technologies available. Now we can make a choice between the technologies, which technology you need to select for our latest televisions. Now we have an option of LED television as well as 4K LED televisions.If you're looking for more tips, original site has it for you.
The difference between these both is the clarity of picture. 4k LED televisions have 4000 pixel clarity to their televisions. In this type of televisions every minute things can be noticed in the televisions. In LED televisions the black is even brighter. The plasma televisions are a kind of gas filled pixels to create an image on screen. In LCD televisions are uses CCFL on their backlight to create an image on the screen.
LED televisions are always superior to LCD and Plasma televisions. LED televisions are very giant televisions that we can see in sport stadiums and they are extremely big and they have great picture quality. 4K LED televisions are even brighter. 4k televisions have 4000 pixel clarity and they are these days used in stadiums and film industry. The film industry uses the best televisions for the better clarity.


Assortment of solar panel wiring diagram pdf. These tags can be found in the panel as well.
Electrical control panel wiring diagram pdf.
Electrical panel wiring pdf. A wiring diagram is a streamlined traditional photographic representation of an electrical circuit. Diesel Generator Control Panel Wiring Diagram Electrical Control Panel Wiring Diagram Pdf Fire Alarm Control Panel Wiring Diagram For Electrical Fancy.
It shows the elements of the circuit as streamlined shapes, as well as the power as well as signal connections in between the tools. Fine How to Install Electrical Panel Board Inspiration Best.
A simplified conventional graphical representation of an electrical circuit. The following diagram is showing single phase home electric supply and wiring of distribution board with RCD . A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional photographic representation of an electric circuit.
This is what we draw using AutoCAD Electrical. Wiring Diagram Book A1 15 B1 B2 16 18 B3 A2 B1 B3 15 Supply voltage 16 18 L M H 2 Levels B2 L1 F U 1 460 V F U 2 L2 L3 GND H1 H3 H2 H4 F U 3 X1A F U 4 F U 5 X2A R Power On Optional X1 X2115 V. In a new home construction or a rewiring project, the last step will be connecting all the wires to the circuit breaker box, which is what this article describes.
How to Wire Grounds and Neutrals in Sub Panels – all the neutrals and ground wire and terminal bars must be separated from each other, and your sub feed should be a 4-wire cable that has a separated insulated neutral wire and a separate ground wire. Several switches, receptacles, light fixtures, or appliances may be connected to a single circuit. Assortment of electrical control panel wiring diagram pdf.
The following categories are outside the scope of this Directive: Icons that represent the parts in the circuit, as well as lines that stand for the links in between. Duplex receptacle Single-pole switch SYMBOL LEGEND 1 × 4 fluorescent light fixture Electrical panel EMT run Armoured cable run (B/X) 4×4 junction box 10' 12' 21.
Wiring (a process of connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy from supplier’s meter board to home appliances such as lamps, fans and other domestic appliances is known as Electrical Wiring) can be done using two methods which are The checklists are intended to help inspectors keep track of the numerous aspects of an electrical installation
Circuit Drawings and Wiring Diagrams Electrician 2 Youth Explore Trades Skills Circuit drawing (diagram): Circuitry diagrams are made up of two points: Wiring an electrical panel is a job for a licensed electrician, but DIYers should have a basic understanding of how a panel works and the critical role that breakers play in any system.
Electric Motor Drawing at Getdrawings. The above mentioned electrical wiring accessories and protective devices are used to control and distribute electric supply (safely to connected electrical appliances) around your home. It reveals the elements of the circuit as simplified forms, and the power and signal connections between the gadgets.
Electrical Panel Board Wiring Diagram Pdf Best Panel Board Wiring Wiring Diagram Overcurrent Relay Refrence Further Electrical Assortment of electrical panel board wiring diagram pdf. Within bs en 60204 there are references to other standards including bs en 60947.
Static switching control is a method of switching electrical circuits without the use of contacts, primarily by solid state devices. Sel Generator Control Panel Wiring Diagram – Genset Controller.
Continue to 9 of 9 below. Assortment of plc panel wiring diagram pdf. More about Wiring a Sub Panel.
Power is supplied by connecting a step down transformer to the control electronics by connecting to phases L2 and L3. Methods of Electrical Wiring Systems w.r.t Taking Connection. It shows the elements of the circuit as streamlined shapes, and the power and signal links between the gadgets.
Assortment of electrical control panel wiring diagram pdf. Home Electrical Wiring Pdf | Wiring Diagram – Electrical Wiring Diagram Pdf Wiring Diagram not merely gives in depth… Chinese 110Cc Atv Wiring Diagram December 28, 2018 April 12, 2020 · Wiring Diagram by Anna R.
A wiring diagram is a type of schematic which makes use of abstract pictorial icons to reveal all the affiliations of elements in a system. Residential Electric Wiring Diagrams are an important tool for installing and testing home electrical circuits and they will also help you understand how electrical devices are wired and how various electrical devices and controls operate. Figure 1 – A Motor Controller Schematic.
The contacts, M, will be controlled by the coil, M.The output of the motor starter goes to a three phase AC motor. Solar panel wiring diagram pdf – What’s Wiring Diagram? The lower voltage is then used to supply power to the left and right rails of the ladder below.
Transmission, distribution and use of electrical power, such as machines, transformers, devices, measuring instruments, protection devices and wiring materials. A wiring diagram is a simplified traditional pictorial representation of an electrical circuit. Grounds and Neutrals in Electrical Panel;
A well defined wiring diagram considerably reduces the wiring efforts and minimizes the possibilities of errors during the actual installation. Electrical Control Panel Wiring Diagram Pdf Download – Diesel Generator Control Panel Wiring Diagram. Household circuits carry electricity from the main service panel, throughout the house, and back to the main service panel.
This pdf contains 77 electrical inspection checklists taken from the 2014 Electrical Inspection Manual with Checklists.


Oracle IAS, the best coaching institute for UPSC/IAS/PCS preparation in Dehradun brings to you UKPCS -UKPSC Science (paper #6).
Electricity can be hazardous. Insulation, earthing, fuses and circuit breakers help to protect us from electrical injury. Electrical energy is current multiplied by voltage and time.
- Insulators are used in electrical equipment to support and separate electrical conductors without allowing current through themselves. Glass, plastic, rubber, air, and wood are used as insulator. They form part of covering of copper wire and restrict the appliance from becoming live.
- Earthing: It is a part of electrical circuit which is done on initial level in order to connect the electrical system with mass of earth so as to have discharge the electrical energy.
Need for Earthing: To ensure safety from electric shocks. It’s an electrical connection between the exposed metallic parts of an electrical appliance or installation and the earth, regarded to have zero potential dangerous level of potential or voltage that endangers the user’s life
- Fuse: An electric fuse is a device that is used to protect electric circuits and electric appliances against high current caused by short – circuiting or overloading due to withdrawal of large current. A fuse is a short piece of wire made of a material of high resistance and low melting point. Egs zinc, copper.
- A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
Contents hide2 UKPCS Mains Study Material subject wise
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The notes are strictly as per UKPCS syllabus (topic wise):
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IOC Agora: Project Documentation and Award
For the impressive multimedia experience at the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), iart has developed and implemented special applications for both software and hardware. The concept of the multimedia experience was created by our partner Studio Banana. Insights into the development process and the results of our work can be found in our project documentation.
Moreover, the project has already won the Digital Signage Awards 2020 in the category "Corporate and Workplace". The Digital Signage Awards are impartial, independent and objective and aim to discover the best digital signage projects, creativity, content, innovations and technologies worldwide.
The awards ceremony took place at the Digital Signage Summit ISE (DSS ISE), during the Integrated Systems Europe (ISE). The ISE is the world's largest exhibition for professional AV and systems integration.


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1000/2000 Watt Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter 12V DC Port Here's a great bargain for you!!! This inverter is made from the same factory as the Coleman brand. The Power Express brand name inverter is much better quality than Coleman brand or the rest of the brand name.
This compact charger uses Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to charge 12V or 24V lead acid (sealed, gel or flooded) or 12V lithium battery banks, and supports 12V solar arrays up to 500W or 24VDC arrays up to 1000W.


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Latest Topics ZDNetPopular powered by What to expect from the next generation of graphics card memory. How to get the best performance out of PlayerUnknown s Battlegrounds. Intel and AMD are about to clash with new high-end gaming CPUs. Latest News Oculus Rift now has full room-scale tracking. By Paul Lilly News Welcome to the party. Nvidias partners can now use AMD processors inside certified Battlebox PCs. By Paul Lilly News New minimum requirements. Get a 17.3-inch Asus ROG Strix gaming laptop with GTX 1060 for 1,329. By Paul Lilly News A.


Rachel Zimmerman born in Ontario Canada 1972, grew up an inquisitive young girl, with a role model of a mother. Linda Zimmerman was the founder and president of her own software company and gave Rachel inspiration to enter the field of technology. She was a young girl that liked girl scouts and science.
The turning point in her life came when in the sixth grade, while researching Keller and Braille, she stumbled across a book on Blissymbols.With the idea of a science fair coming soon, she dove into everything about the system Blissymbols, communication system for the severely disabled, and decided to research other methods to improve it’s accessibility. It was then, at the science fair at the age of 12, that she created the Blissymbol printer. http://www.nald.ca/litweb/other/cclow/newslet/1991/Sumer_v9/cover.PDF
This new device used a software program to enable those using Blissymbol language to “talk” to each other and preform all the other types of communication through the computer. Until then the user needed another person to translate the symbols they would point out. With the new printer, she developed a tap pad that enabled the person to simply touch the board and the software would do the translating, transmitting the output in the language of the user’s choice onto a computer screen. When she initially presented the concept at a science fair, it received a silver medal and she went on to compete in the World Exhibition of Achievement of Young Inventors. The Blissymbols printer also ended up winning a silver medal at the Canada-wide contest. Rachel Zimmerman, along with her forward-thinking invention, were showcased when they won a VTV Television Youth Achievement Award. Rachel continues her passion for the sciences.
Today according to her Linkin profile, http://www.linkedin.com/pub/rachel-zimmerman-brachman/0/17a/878 she attended Bradeis University and International Space University. She has worked for
• Outreach Specialist at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
• Education Outreach Coordinator at Jet Propulsion Laboratory
• Education and Outreach Specialist at California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
• Education and Outreach Coordinator at The Planetary Society
• Space Vision System Specialist at Canadian Space Agency
• Intern at NASA Ames Research Center
• Master of Space Studies student at International Space University
Rachel now works for NASA and still has the same concern for those who are not able-bodied. She is currently helping NASA mold their innovations to better fit the needs of disabled people. To this day she works on better forms of communications for the disabled. Below is and example of a tap=board used by those severely handicapped for communication, thanks to Rachel Zimmerman.


3D FLOOR SCANNING
MDR’s 3D floor scanner is the highest performance Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) storage tank inspection system of today. Building on over 20 years experience, the manufacturer has developed top and bottom defect discrimination using surface topology air-gap reluctance sensors (STARS), enabling tank engineers to determine the optimum repair strategy and improve remaining life assessment (RLA) & risk based inspection (RBI) maintenance programs.
This high end technology has the highest density of MFL sensors, coupled with advanced signal processing to deliver greater accuracy and probability of detection at maximum efficiency.
3D LASER SCANNING
MDR uses a revolutionary versatile scanning solution applicable to a broad array of applications including surveying, building information modelling, industrial facilities etc.
The software is an integrated software suit for surveyors and engineers that takes advantage of the rich point cloud data sets. The software enables the user to visualize, explore, register and manipulate an as-build scene of point cloud data. It allows surveyors and engineers to produce compelling 2D and 3D deliverables for direct output or export.
Using the scanner and software, MDR’s fully trained inspectors are able to produce high quality calibration, deformation, settlement and contour reporting. The scanner can also capture high resolution data for topographical maps, generating 2D and 3D CAD views, measuring distances, areas and volumes.
DRONE AERIAL INSPECTIONS
Our high end drone equipment assists in Visual Inspections of Tanks, Vessels and pipelines. You can record, view live feeds, as well as take still shots of items using the onboard Full HD video, allowing safe access to areas not easlier accessed.
With its compact, quiet and autonomous features, safety is a premium in the use of this equipment.
Our Operational Technicians are fully qualified by CASA and are well knowledgable and trained in the use of this equipment.
Phased array is widely used in several industrial sectors, such as construction or power generation. This method is an advanced NDT method that is used to detect component failures i.e. cracks or flaws and thereby determine component quality.
Due to the possibility to control parameters such as beam angle and focal distance, this method is very efficient regarding the defect detection and speed of testing.
Apart from detecting flaws in components, phased array can also be used for wall thickness measurements in conjunction with corrosion testing.
Phased array can be used for the following industrial purposes:
- Inspection of Welds
- Thickness measurements
- Corrosion inspection
- Flaw detection
ULTRASONIC CORROSION MAPPING
Our fast and efficient remote access ultrasonic corrosion mapping equipment is designed to evaluate the condition of ferrous structures such as storage tanks, large diameter pipelines, pressure vessels and other critical equipment, supporting effective and safe operation for MDR Certification Engineers clients. The new scanner can provides our clients with 100% coverage in a band up to 600 mm wide, significantly increasing Probability of Detection of corrosion, enabling our inspectors to make recommendations based on the corrosion allowances and tolerances.
ULTRASONIC C-SCAN IMAGING
Ultrasonic C-scan imaging, often simply referred to as C-scan imaging, is a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique used to visualize and assess the internal structure, defects, and anomalies within a material or component. This technique relies on ultrasonic waves, which are high-frequency sound waves, to create detailed two-dimensional images of the object being inspected. Ultrasonic C-scan imaging is widely employed in various industries, including aerospace, manufacturing, and medicine, for its ability to detect flaws, voids, or irregularities that may be invisible to the naked eye.
LONG RANGE UT PIPELINE INSPECTION
Long Range UT (LRUT) Pipeline Inspection is a standard Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) screening method to inspect pipework in many industrial disciplines, such as oil and gas, petrochemical and power generation. LRUT is highly sensitive to most defect types while experiencing low attenuation in most situations, which is ideal for the inspections of a long length of pipework, to identify welds, supports, defects, and other features. Echoes reflecting from these features can then be used to measure their locations and severities (in the case of a defect).
LRUT screening is done by wrapping a removable transduction ring around the circumference of the tube/pipe at the desired location, which can be many metres away from the region of interest.
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Originally published on the Met Office Informatics Lab blog on June 2nd, 2016.
Can I crack the Enigma code with Go on a MacBook? Yes!
In the Informatics Lab we have been spending a lot of time exploring parallelisation technologies to find new ways of performing analysis on our ever expanding datasets. We have also been investigating scaling technologies for enterprise IT systems.
Whenever you are exploring technologies you need a few standard problems with known answers to try and solve. These problems need to range from a simple “Hello World”, to something representative of what you want to run in production, and a few in between.
After watching the film The Imitation Game I have become very interested in how the Enigma code was cracked during WW2. The simplest solution to cracking any cipher is to try a brute force approach of testing every possible combination. Computers are very good at this as they can test many combinations per second and depending on the complexity of the cipher will return the answer in a short amount of time. However at the time there was no such thing as a computer, therefore Alan Turing and others designed and built a machine to brute force Enigma, this machine was a very early version of what we think of as a computer.
After learning about this I began to think that if the best minds of 1939 could crack Enigma by inventing the computer then in 2016 it would be possible for me to do the same with the aid of a modern computer.
Step one: Learn how an Enigma machine works
Enigma Machines are an electronic device which looks similar to a type writer. It has a keyboard with the letters A-Z, some lights with the letters A-Z and some electronic mappings to jumble them up. When you press a key on the keyboard one of the lights turns on, giving you a ciphered letter.
The groundbreaking thing about this machine was that the mapping between the letters is built into a series of rotating cogs called rotors. Whenever a key is pressed the rotors turn, changing the mapping between all the letters. Therefore if you encode the message
AAAAA it will not give you
HHHHH, you will in fact get something like
The other clever thing is that the machine includes a component called a reflector. This is a static rotor with a fixed mapping. Once the signal has passed through all rotors it goes through the reflector and then back through the rotors. This symmetry allows you to decode the message by simply typing it in, the same way you encoded it originally. You just reset the rotors to the positions they were in when you encoded and type the cipher text in and you will get the plain text message back.
The first version of the machine used during the war was called an Enigma M3. It came with 5 different rotors, of which you could use any three in any order and each one has 26 different starting positions. These rotors could also be taken apart and realigned internally in 26 different modes. There were two different reflectors and also a set of cables and holes called a plugboard which allowed you to manually swap letters. All of this together means there are over 158 million million million different starting positions for the machine. In order to send a message to someone you must both know the start position you are going to use. You encode the message starting at that position, transmit it to them, they decode it using the same setting and they can read your message. Anyone intercepting that message would have to guess the starting position from the possible 1.58x1020 possibilities.
Step two: Writing an emulator
The machine built during WW2 to crack the code was a large array of Enigma Machines wired together. Firstly I don’t have any spare machines lying around and secondly I have a computer which is capable of simulating the movements of the machines much faster than they can physically move. Therefore I decided to write an application which given the start position and a plain text message would return the cipher text.
Step three: Writing a better emulator
If I wanted to crack this using a standard laptop the code would need to be much faster. I realised that this could be a good opportunity to learn a new language, one based on performance. For the last year I’ve been working a lot with Docker and Kubernetes, these are both written in Golang (also simply called Go). Go is a strongly-typed compiled language which was developed at Google to replace C++ in their applications.
I began porting code and writing a Go Enigma library and once it was correctly implementing Enigma it became apparent that it would be much faster. My initial benchmarks showed that it could test around 21,000 settings per second. During the war the Axis forces would change their settings daily, therefore my cracker must be able to find the correct setting in less than 24 hours. My Go was fast but it still could only test around 1.8 billions settings per day which is about 11 orders of magnitude away from cracking the code.
I then spent some time optimising my code, this included removing all usage of string libraries, passing pointers to functions instead of values and general loop optimisations. This has increased performance from 21,000 to 262,000 attempts per second. This is an order of magnitude faster than before but still many orders away from cracking the code in a reasonable time.
Step four: More understanding Enigma
My Go code can now test around a quarter of a million settings per second, but is still nowhere near fast enough. I think it is fair to assume that my Go code is far more efficient than the brute force machine created during WW2. Therefore it can’t have been possible for them to crack the code using just that machine.
Reading more into the history on the Enigma Machine it seems that the mathematicians working on the problem found a way, given enough encrypted messages using the same setting, to remove the complexity added by the plugboard. I haven’t read enough into this to fully understand how the maths works, or to figure out how to implement it programatically. However if we assume it is possible then that would reduce the number of settings to a more manageable 7,413,978,624.
Brute forcing a code which has already had the plugboard obfuscation removed mathematically would take a mere 7.8 hours using the Go emulator on a single core of my MacBook Pro. I could also easily pay a few dollars for a powerful AWS instance with many more cores and crack the code in a few minutes.
This has been an interesting side project so far. The problem is complex enough to stretch my brain and has therefore been enjoyable from a personal point of view.
It is also simple enough to implement in code without hitting too many gotchas. Next time I want to try a new language I will almost certainly implement an Enigma emulator in it.
When looking at the code for this project it can be split into two parts, the emulator and the brute forcer which implements the emulator. When teaching students or interns about programming they are both interesting examples to get stuck into. It would be very easy to say “Here is an Enigma library, write a brute forcer that utilises it” and then follow that exercise up with a “Now implement the library yourself”.
But most importantly the binary produced from my Go code will be very useful for stress testing parallelisation tools and technologies. While we investigate things like Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, Hadoop/Spark and more it will be a good benchmark to see how well they parallelise.


Conceptual Exploration of the Apple Headset
Delve into a realm of visionary exploration with this series of rapid prototypes, unveiling a potential evolution of the Apple Vision Pro headset. These conceptual designs transcend conventional boundaries, offering a glimpse into a future where form and function harmoniously merge. Witness the evolution of this remarkable headset as it envisions the possibilities of advanced technology, propelling the world of virtual reality towards new horizons of possibility should the technology progress further. Embark on an immersive journey that challenges perceptions and expands the realm of what is achievable.


The HeartSine Cardiac Samaritan 350P Defibrillator has all the features of the 500P Defibrillator except for the CPR advisor technology. This public access defibrillator has a 10-year warranty and a unique combined battery and pad-pack with a 4-year life from the date of manufacture.
After an event the complete pad-pak is replaced, which means you have a brand new battery for the next event. This is more cost-effective than many other devices with expensive so-called long-life batteries when cost over the life of the device.
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SpaceX has announced it is building the first commercial spacecraft to transport astronauts to the Red Planet.
The company’s chief executive, Elon Musk, said the spacecraft, named Red Dragon, will use the same engine as the Dragon spacecraft used to send humans to the moon.
Musk said the rocket is designed to take off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida in 2021 and land on the surface of the moon before returning to Earth.
The mission is to send astronauts to an orbit of 1,800 kilometers (600 miles), the highest in space, according to SpaceX.
The space exploration company said the Red Dragon is expected to be reusable and has a crew of four.
The first crewed mission to the Moon, which would take place in 2020, would be in 2024, and the second mission would be back in 2023.


EirGrid EMF Webinar - 29 September 2021
Environmental Aspects of Electric and Magnetic Fields of Transmission Lines
When electric current flows, both electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are produced. EMF come from electricity in the home, in the workplace or carried on electricity lines or cables. The EMF from electricity lines or cables are in the extremely low frequency (ELF) end of the electromagnetic spectrum. EMF occur everywhere we use electricity. Some underground cables are designed to carry direct current electricity which are a source of static magnetic fields, the same as the earth’s natural geomagnetic field and electric fields.
Like other aspects of manmade technologies, extremely low frequency EMF are measured, researched and closely monitored by national and international agencies tasked with safeguarding the public. These agencies set the health and safety standards to which EirGrid adheres.
At EirGrid we know from listening to people and communities that there remain questions around EMF and the operation of the electrical transmission grid. These questions relate to what EMF is, research in relation to EMF, the electricity grid and your health and best practice guidelines and regulations. This webinar aims to answer your questions and enhance your understanding about EMF and the national electric transmission system developed, managed and operated by EirGrid.
Dr Brian O ‘Gallachoír, MaREI Director
Principal Investigator, UCC Energy Transition, Climate Action Energy Policy & Modelling
Brian Ó Gallachóir is Director of MaREI and Professor of Energy Engineering at UCC. He leads MaREI’s research on building and using energy systems models that have underpinned Irish and EU energy and climate mitigation policies and energy company strategies. He is also MaREI’s Education and Public Engagement Champion and received the Science Foundation Ireland Best International Engagement Award 2020. Brian is elected Chair of International Energy Agency Technology Collaboration Programme on energy systems modelling (IEA-ETSAP) and an elected Fellow of the Irish Academy of Engineering. Brian has published extensively (over 110 journal papers and h-index of 42), has a B.Sc. from TCD and a PhD from UCC.
Webinar Panel and Contributors
Members of the independent panel are from Exponent. Exponent is a multi-disciplinary engineering and scientific consulting firm that brings together more than 90 different disciplines to solve engineering, science, regulatory, and business issues. Exponent scientists have addressed health, exposure, and regulatory compliance issues relating to EMF for more than 100 utility projects across North America, Europe, and Asia.
The panelists’ and contributors are:
William Bailey, Ph.D., Principal Scientist
Dr. Bailey specializes in applying state-of-the-art assessment methods to environmental and occupational health issues. Please read more about Dr. Bailey’s expertise here (https://www.exponent.com/professionals/b/baileywilliam-h).
Pamela Dopart, Ph. D, CIH, Managing Scientist
Dr. Dopart is an environmental and occupational health scientist who specializes in exposure assessment methods to inform epidemiologic studies and health risk assessments. Please read more about Dr. Dopart’s expertise here (https://www.exponent.com/professionals/d/dopart-pamela).
Benjamin Cotts, Ph.D., PE, Senior Managing Engineer
Dr. Cotts is experienced in both applied and theoretical electromagnetics and plasma physics including modelling and measurement analyses of natural and anthropogenic electromagnetic fields. Please read more about Dr. Cott’s expertise here (https://www.exponent.com/professionals/c/cotts-benjamin-rt).
If you have any questions about this webinar, please contact Michelle Walsh on firstname.lastname@example.org or by phone on 085 870 4999.


LED Lighting for Pools
Using LED lights as your pool’s lighting source has a variety of benefits. You may be surprised how these lights can improve your life and your wallet. Technology changes the way you do many things, including swim. There are a variety of pool lighting options you can use to enhance the surroundings around your pool, including LED lights. Here are the facts you need to know about LED lighting for pools.
Energy Savings at Its Best – LED lighting is over 80% more efficient than traditional light bulbs. LED bulbs consume less energy than traditional bulbs, which helps you save hundreds of dollars each year on energy costs.
Long Live the Bulb – LED pool lighting lasts tens of thousands of hours, which means you don’t have to worry about changing them too frequently. LED lighting also performs well in extreme temperatures, so regardless of your pool’s temperature, your LED pool lights are always on providing you with the light you need.
It’s Time to “Go Green” – If you’re looking for a more eco-friendly lighting option, LED lighting is what you want. LED pool lighting does not contain mercury and other toxic elements that traditional bulbs do. These eco-friendly bulbs also don’t emit infrared radiation (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Unlike fluorescent bulbs, LED bulbs are not harmful to the environment or humans when they are disposed of in landfills or similar locations. LED lights contain higher lumens than other lighting options that allow you to use fewer light fixtures in your pool and save more money on your electric expenses.
Other Advantages of LED Pool Lighting
Playing it Safe – No feature or factor is more important than safety. LED pool lighting emits less heat than other types of bulbs. Traditional lighting poses fire risks due to overheating issues. Traditional light bulbs become more of a hazard due to the locations they are placed. LED lighting won’t overheat because they are thermally protected. LED pool lighting has a thin profile that enables easy installation in narrow, more favorable locations.
Brightness and Wattage Efficiency – Brightness and wattage efficiency are two essential factors that set LED lighting apart from other lighting options. LED lights have higher lumens than traditional incandescent bulbs. Lumens are the measurement that specifies the amount of light a bulb emits. The more you increase the number of lumens a light bulb has, the brighter the emission of light. LED pool lighting has higher lumens than other types of lighting. LED bulbs can be dimmed to suit our needs, which allows you to make your pool as bright or dim as you need.
Adding a Little Color – Personalization is an option other light bulbs don’t offer. If your pool is the life of the party, you’ll want to use LED pool lights to add flair to your gathering. LED pool lighting is available in:
Here at Prins Pools, we install and repair residential and luxury pools. If your pool no longer serves you, we can also remove your pool. Other services we provide include landscaping and shape and depth changes. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help bring your vision to life.


Express VPN Review is known as a new computer software designed for non-public and industrial VPN. It absolutely was created by simply Cisco like a solution to the increasing with regard to internet interaction while even now keeping in view the security worries that are getting to be prevalent around the world. With the help of this new system, individual and business networks could be established that offer high amounts of security and encryption https://www.bestvpnstudy.com/mcafee-total-protection-review/ for both the external and internal users. Additionally, it provides a high level of portability and flexibility for the users. A large number of corporations have started applying Express VPN as a part of all their corporate networks.
The chief function of Express VPN is to improve the security for the network. It uses different techniques to take care of data including encryption and tunneling methods. It offers remarkable protection against cyber criminals, making it an essential technology used by many business organizations around the world. It also helps to protect confidential information by using different firewalls and anti virus software programs.
Express VPN Review features best named brands from all over the world that are providing great security and trustworthiness for their clients. This system makes sure that the company’s network is operating smoothly even when the company is moving around. It also makes sure that the employees have the ability to connect to the world wide web in any areas around the globe. It likewise provides a extremely user-friendly software that allows nearly all people to easily and quickly configure the access factors. It also includes a system-wide prevention of DDoS goes for and hacker attacks, making it one of the most protect VPN systems available today.


Hybrid apps unite the advantages of native and web apps
Apps are now widely used, since they are always available on every possible type of device everywhere. But not all apps run on all platforms: it is then up to hybrid apps, which are a combination of native apps and web apps, and can serve systems like Android, BlackBerry, iOS and Windows Phone alike. A plus point of hybrid apps: all mobile platforms can be reached with one development, there does not need to be parallel software development for the various systems. This decreases the development effort of the app maker – and therefore also the price for the app. In addition, hybrid apps access the hardware of the smartphone or tablet, and camera features or the calendar can be integrated into the hybrid app.
Numerous ways to use hybrid apps
Hybrid apps combine the advantages of native apps and web apps: while native apps are bound to their respective platform, but can use all their possibilities and even work offline, web apps are not bound to a platform but cannot use all hardware functions and require an internet connection. The successful combination of both forms create hybrid apps: they consist of a small native framework and a locally stored web app. Hybrid apps reach many users, take advantage of the benefits of the mobile platform and the device hardware to make data available offline as well. They are also easy to use and able to be updated. Updates take place in real time.
You can find more information on hybrid apps on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application#Definition_and_similar_terms


What does OT stand for in tech? Operational technology (OT) is a class of hardware and software that keeps an eye on and regulates the operation of physical objects.
In the past, industrial control systems for manufacturing, transportation, and utilities were the main applications for OT; but, unlike information technology (IT), the equipment used to manage operations in those sectors wasn’t networked. For controlling or monitoring physical equipment, many of the instruments were mechanical, and those that possessed digital controls did so through closed, exclusive protocols.
However, there is a growing tendency toward IT/OT convergence as physical objects get smarter. Administrators in charge of OT now have improved monitoring systems and remote access to physical equipment thanks to wireless connections. The ability to evaluate data produced by physical devices in real time has brought about a sea shift in machine-to-machine communication and machine learning, allowing autonomy, preventative maintenance, and increased uptime
Industrial control systems and supervisory control and data acquisition networks now use internet-capable technologies. However, the same security issues that IT faces, such as malware, identity management, and access control, also affect operational technology. The distinction is that OT system flaws put vital infrastructure at risk of sabotage, which might lead to life-or-death circumstances.
What is the importance of (OT) Operational Technology?
For enterprises and society at large, OT is essential. Organisationally, OT often connects to key business procedures. OT is frequently the same thing that makes it possible to create things in a plant. Similarly, hospitals rely on OT equipment to identify patients with a range of ailments. A service outage would significantly impede or even stop the organization’s key business operations for a company or other organization that depends on OT.
On a larger scale, society relies on OT to maintain vital infrastructure. A ransomware attack resulted in the closure of the Colonial Pipeline in May 2021. The pipeline, which may be called an OT in and of itself, transports 2.5 million barrels of petroleum daily, and the closure caused a severe fuel crisis on the East Coast. This is but one illustration of how important certain operational technology may be.
Some examples for clarification
Although not just employed in industrial organizations, the phrase “operational technology” is frequently used in these settings. Several instances of operational technology applications
- Surveillance systems
- Conveyer and transport systems
- Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machines
- Scientific equipment (Like a digital microscope)
- Quality monitoring
The variety of systems categorized as operational technology is evident in all of the aforementioned instances. Building automation and some laboratory equipment are also regarded as OT, in addition to production lines, automated warehouses, and the airport.
For what Operational Technology is optimized?
IT is not created or optimized for the same things as operational technology.
OT aims to minimize scheduled or unexpected downtime by keeping a machine or facility operational. This indicates that OT systems are created for little failure, little upkeep, and a long lifespan. The long lifespan, which may exceed 30 years, is all the more impressive when you consider the abrasive, vibrating, and temperature-dependent environments in which OT could be used.
A malfunctioning operational technology system might have serious negative effects on both people and technology. Imagine a power plant losing control due to a malfunctioning sensor in a feedback loop, or a bridge falling due to a brake control system failure. As a result, it is designed for safety and dependability, minimizing the possibility of disastrous failure.
Low and steady latency is crucial since operation technological systems are likely to interact with quick operations. Control chains with fluctuating or high latency might produce a variety of undesirable behavior, such as oscillations or overshoots. Operation Technological systems are designed for low and consistent latency in the millisecond range and lower.
Operational technology is designed to be flexible so that it can adapt to changes in the operational process and satisfy site-specific needs. The level of standardization in the OT field is reduced as a result of this flexibility.
Read more, 5 Reasons to Ditch Gmail for ProtonMail


Artificial intelligence is transforming the way we work (Venture Beat), turning all of us into hyper-productive business centaurs (The Next Web). Artificial intelligence will merge with human brains to transform the way we think (The Verge). Artificial intelligence is the new electricity (Andrew Ng). Within five years, artificial intelligence will be behind your every decision (Ginni Rometty of IBM via Computer World ).
Before committing all future posts to the coming revolution, or abandoning the blog altogether to beseech good favor from our AI overlords at the AI church, perhaps we should ask, why are today’s headlines, startups and even academic institutions suddenly all embracing the term artificial intelligence (AI)?
In this blog post, I hope to prod all stakeholders (researchers, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, journalists, think-fluencers, and casual observers alike) to ask the following questions:
- What substantive transformation does this switch in the nomenclature from machine learning (ML) to artificial intelligence (AI) signal?
- If the research hasn’t categorically changed, then why are we rebranding it?
- What are the dangers, to both scholarship and society, of mindlessly shifting the way we talk about research to maximize buzz?


With the help of wire strippers, electricians can easily strip the insulation from wires, while pliers are used for gripping, bending, and cutting. Screwdrivers are essential for turning screws and bolts, and voltage testers are used to check if electrical circuits are live or not.
These tools ensure that electricians can perform their tasks efficiently and effectively, while prioritizing safety. By having these essential tools at their disposal, electricians can confidently handle various electrical tasks, providing reliable services to their clients.
Having the right tools is essential for electricians to carry out their work efficiently. One such tool is a stud finder. Using a stud finder helps in locating wooden studs or beams behind walls so that electrical fixtures can be securely installed.
It eliminates the need for trial and error, ensuring accurate placement and minimizing damage. A stud finder typically uses electronic sensors or magnets to detect the density changes in the wall caused by the presence of studs. By sliding the stud finder along the wall, electricians can easily identify the location of studs and mark them for precise installation.
Investing in a quality stud finder is a wise choice for electricians, as it saves time and enhances the overall effectiveness of their work.
Mole grips are essential tools for electricians. They provide a strong and secure grip on various materials and components. These versatile pliers can be used for gripping, twisting, and turning, making them an invaluable asset in any electrical project. Mole grips come in various sizes and designs, allowing electricians to choose the right tool for the job.
They feature adjustable jaws that can be tightened or loosened to accommodate different materials. Whether you need to hold wires in place or remove stubborn nuts and bolts, mole grips ensure a firm hold and prevent slippage. Their durable construction and ergonomic handles make them comfortable to use for extended periods.
Invest in a good pair of mole grips to enhance your electrical work efficiency and safety. They are a must-have tool for any professional electrician.
Long Nose Pliers
Long nose pliers are essential tools for electricians. They have a long, narrow nose that allows for precise gripping and bending of wires. These pliers are incredibly versatile and can be used for a variety of tasks, including pulling wire through conduit, cutting and stripping wires, and shaping wire connections.
Their slim design also makes them useful in tight spaces. When using long nose pliers, it’s important to have a firm grip and use them with caution to avoid any accidents. Investing in a good quality pair of long nose pliers is essential for any electrician, as they will make your work more efficient and precise.
So, make sure to include long nose pliers in your arsenal of electrician’s tools.
Electricians need a versatile screwdriver set to handle a variety of tasks. With different types of screwdrivers, such as phillips, flathead, and torx, they can efficiently tighten or loosen screws. A screwdriver set is an essential tool for multiple electrical installations and repairs.
Whether it’s fixing a loose connection or installing a new light fixture, electricians rely on their screwdriver set to get the job done. These tools are designed for easy grip and precision, allowing electricians to work with confidence. Investing in a high-quality screwdriver set ensures that electricians have the right tool for any project.
From residential to commercial electrical work, a reliable screwdriver set is a must-have for every electrician’s toolbox.
A voltage detector is an essential tool for electricians. It helps ensure safety and prevent accidents. The detector alerts electricians to the presence of live wires or electrical currents. This is crucial when working on electrical systems or troubleshooting electrical issues.
With a voltage detector, electricians can easily identify whether a wire or circuit is energized or not, avoiding potential shocks. It is a handheld device that typically gives a visual or audible indication of voltage. By using a voltage detector, electricians can work confidently and efficiently, knowing that they are properly identifying and handling live electrical components.
Whether it’s for residential or commercial electrical work, a voltage detector is a necessary tool for any electrician.
An extension ladder is an essential tool for electricians, allowing them to reach high places safely. It provides the necessary height and stability needed to perform electrical work efficiently. With an extension ladder, electricians can easily access electrical panels, wiring, and fixtures in ceilings and other elevated areas.
The ladder should be made of high-quality materials to ensure durability and safety. It should also have non-slip rungs and rubber feet for added stability. Electricians should always inspect the ladder before each use and follow proper safety precautions, such as placing it on a stable surface and securing it properly.
Investing in a reliable extension ladder is crucial for any electrician to carry out their work effectively and safely.
A hack saw is an essential tool for electricians, allowing them to cut through various materials quickly and efficiently. With its sharp teeth and sturdy frame, it provides precise and clean cuts. The ergonomic handle ensures a comfortable grip, reducing fatigue during extended use.
Whether it’s cutting conduit pipes or trimming electrical wires, a hack saw is a versatile tool that every electrician should have in their arsenal. Its compact size makes it easy to carry and maneuver in tight spaces. So, next time you embark on an electrical project, don’t forget to grab your trusty hack saw and get the job done with precision and ease.
Your clients will appreciate your attention to detail and professionalism that comes with using the right tools for the job.
A multimeter is an essential tool for electricians, providing them with the ability to measure electrical currents, voltage, and resistance. It is a versatile device that can aid in troubleshooting electrical problems, ensuring the safety and efficiency of electrical systems.
With its ability to pinpoint faults and identify potential issues, a multimeter allows electricians to make accurate diagnoses and perform precise repairs. Whether it’s testing circuits, checking for continuity, or measuring voltage levels, a multimeter is a go-to tool for any electrician.
Its compact size and easy-to-use interface make it a convenient device to carry around and use on various projects. With its invaluable features, a multimeter is a must-have tool for every electrician’s toolbox.
A drywall saw is an essential tool for electricians when working on installations. It is designed to quickly and efficiently cut through drywall, allowing access for wiring or other electrical components. With its sharp, serrated blade and comfortable grip handle, it ensures precise and clean cuts.
Its compact size makes it easy to maneuver in tight spaces and corners. Additionally, the saw’s teeth are specially designed to prevent clogging and ensure smooth cutting. Whether you are a professional electrician or a diy enthusiast, having a drywall saw in your toolbox is a must.
It will save you time and effort, enabling you to complete your electrical projects with ease and accuracy. Make sure to invest in a high-quality saw that will last for years to come.
An sds drill is an essential tool for electricians. It is used for drilling into hard materials like concrete and masonry. Its powerful motor and hammer action make it efficient for creating holes and fixing anchors. With its ergonomic design and adjustable handle, it provides comfort and control during operation.
The sds chuck system allows for quick and easy bit changes, saving time and effort. Additionally, the drill offers variable speed settings to suit different applications. The compact size and lightweight construction make it portable and convenient to use in tight spaces.
When choosing an sds drill, consider its power, speed, and compatibility with different drill bits. Invest in a high-quality sds drill to ensure efficiency and accuracy in your electrical projects.
Crimping pliers are an essential tool for electricians during wire installations and repairs. They effectively secure connectors onto wires, ensuring a reliable electrical connection. These specialized pliers feature a crimping mechanism that compresses the connector, creating a tight bond. With a maximum of 20 words per sentence, crimping pliers make the task of joining wires quick and efficient.
Their sturdy construction and ergonomic design provide comfort and precision while working. Electricians rely on crimping pliers for various applications, including residential and commercial electrical projects. Having this tool in their arsenal helps electricians complete their jobs effectively and with confidence.
From simple household wiring tasks to complex industrial installations, crimping pliers are a must-have for any electrician seeking high-quality connections.
Electricians need a tape measure as a vital tool for accurate measurements on their job sites. Whether it’s measuring the length of wire needed or determining the placement of fixtures, a tape measure is indispensable. The tape measure allows electricians to ensure precise cuts, fittings, and installations, ensuring the safety and functionality of electrical systems.
With its retractable metal tape, markings for both inches and centimeters, and a sturdy case, the tape measure is a reliable and durable tool. It is crucial to have a tape measure that is easy to read and provides accurate measurements to avoid costly mistakes or hazardous conditions.
Electricians should always have a tape measure within reach, as it is an essential tool for any electrical project.
A torpedo level is an essential tool for electricians. It helps ensure accuracy and precision when installing electrical fixtures. With this level, you can easily determine if a surface is perfectly horizontal or vertical. This is crucial for ensuring the safe and proper installation of electrical components.
A torpedo level typically has three vials, each displaying different measurements. The center vial is for determining horizontal alignment, while the two side vials are for vertical alignment. This tool is compact and portable, making it easy to carry around the job site.
Whether you’re mounting a light fixture, installing an outlet, or aligning conduit, a torpedo level is a must-have tool for electricians. It saves time and ensures that your work meets industry standards. So, make sure to include a torpedo level in your arsenal of electrician’s tools.
Retractable Trimming Knife
Retractable trimming knives are essential tools for electricians. With their retractable blades, these knives offer convenience and safety. They allow electricians to cut through various materials easily. The sharp blades enable precise cuts, ensuring accuracy in their work. Additionally, the retractable feature protects the blade from accidental damage and keeps it safely tucked away when not in use.
Electricians rely on these knives for tasks such as stripping wire insulation and trimming cables. The compact size and lightweight design make them portable and easy to carry around. Investing in a high-quality retractable trimming knife is crucial for every electrician to ensure efficiency and professionalism in their work.
Wire strippers are essential tools for electricians. They are used to remove insulation from electrical wires. These tools come in various sizes and types to accommodate different wire gauges. The purpose of wire strippers is to expose the conductive part of the wire so that it can be properly connected or spliced.
Using wire strippers correctly is crucial for safety and efficiency. It is important to choose the right stripper for the wire size to avoid damaging the wire. To use wire strippers, place the wire in the appropriate notch and grip the tool firmly.
Then, squeeze the handles together, allowing the blades to cut through the insulation. Once the insulation is removed, the stripped wire is ready for further electrical work. Always remember to wear protective gloves and follow proper safety precautions when using wire strippers.
An angle grinder is an essential tool for electricians, used for cutting, grinding, and polishing various materials. It provides versatility and efficiency in a wide range of applications. With its compact design and powerful motor, an angle grinder can handle different tasks with ease.
From shaping metal to removing rust or smoothing out rough edges, this tool is a must-have in any electrician’s toolkit. Additionally, angle grinders come with various accessories such as cutting discs, grinding wheels, and wire brushes, allowing for diverse functions.
Whether you are working on a construction site or completing a diy project at home, an angle grinder will undoubtedly enhance your productivity and deliver professional results. Invest in a reliable angle grinder to ensure you have the right tool for every electrical job.
A head torch is an essential tool for electricians working in low-light or confined spaces. It provides hands-free illumination, allowing for better visibility and increased safety. With a comfortable fit and adjustable straps, a head torch ensures that your hands are free to work on tasks without the hassle of holding a flashlight.
Whether you’re troubleshooting electrical issues in a dark basement or inspecting wiring in tight corners, a head torch is a must-have tool. Its powerful beam and long battery life make it a reliable companion for electricians on the job. Invest in a high-quality head torch and enhance your efficiency and productivity as an electrician.
An adjustable spanner is an essential tool for electricians. It allows for easy tightening and loosening of nuts and bolts. With its adjustable jaw, it can fit various sizes, making it versatile for different tasks. The spanner’s ergonomic design ensures a comfortable grip, minimizing strain during use.
It is made of durable materials like steel, ensuring longevity and reliability. The adjustable spanner is particularly useful when working in tight spaces or with hard-to-reach nuts. It is a must-have in an electrician’s toolkit, providing convenience and efficiency. Whether it’s installing electrical fixtures or repairing appliances, an adjustable spanner is indispensable in the world of electrical work.
Side Cutting Pliers
Side cutting pliers are an essential tool for electricians. These pliers have a sharp cutting edge, used for cutting wires. They are effective in small and confined spaces. Many electricians prefer side cutting pliers with insulated handles for added safety.
These tools come in different sizes and styles, allowing flexibility in various electrical tasks. It is crucial to choose pliers made from high-quality materials to ensure durability and precision. When using side cutting pliers, always wear protective gloves and goggles.
Regular maintenance, such as cleaning after use and lubricating the hinge, will prolong their lifespan. Whether you are a professional electrician or a diy enthusiast, having reliable side cutting pliers is a must for any electrical job.
Insulated pliers are an essential tool for electricians, providing safety and protection when working with electrical components. These specialized pliers have insulated handles that protect the user from electric shocks. With a maximum of 20 words each, they allow for precise gripping and bending of wires, ensuring secure connections.
The insulation also prevents accidental short-circuits and electrical accidents. When using insulated pliers, always ensure that the insulation is intact and free from any damage. Regularly check for wear and tear, and replace them if needed. Remember, safety should always be a priority when working with electricity.
So, make sure to include insulated pliers in your electrician’s toolbox to guarantee a secure and efficient working environment.
Cordless Combi Drill
A cordless combi drill is an essential tool for electricians. It provides convenience and flexibility in various tasks. Its compact design allows for easy maneuverability in tight spaces. With a powerful motor, it delivers efficient drilling and fastening performance. The cordless feature eliminates the need for a power outlet, making it perfect for working in remote areas.
Its versatility is enhanced by the availability of different drill bits and attachments. The ergonomic handle ensures a comfortable grip and reduces fatigue during extended use. With advanced technology, some models offer additional features like led lights for better visibility and adjustable torque settings for precise control.
Investing in a cordless combi drill is a wise choice for any electrician looking to enhance their productivity and efficiency.
Open-Ended Spanner Set
An open-ended spanner set is an essential tool for electricians. It allows for the easy tightening or loosening of nuts and bolts. The set typically includes a range of different sizes, ensuring versatility for various tasks. With its adjustable design, it can fit onto fasteners of different shapes and sizes.
This tool is particularly useful in tight spaces where a regular wrench may not be feasible to use. The open-ended spanner set is durable, made from high-quality materials to withstand heavy use. It is a reliable companion for any electrician, ensuring they have the right tool for the job.
Having this set in your toolbox is a smart investment, as it helps make electrical projects more efficient and professional.
Electricians rely on a variety of essential tools to effectively carry out their work. One such tool is the circuit tester, which plays a crucial role in determining the presence of an electrical current. By using a circuit tester, electricians can safely diagnose electrical problems and ensure the proper functioning of circuits.
This tool is designed to detect voltage and provide accurate readings, helping electricians identify faulty connections or circuits. With its compact size and easy-to-use design, the circuit tester is an indispensable tool in an electrician’s arsenal. Whether it’s testing a new installation or troubleshooting an existing one, this tool helps electricians work efficiently and effectively, ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical systems.
Cable cutters are essential tools for electricians when working with electrical wires and cables. These tools allow electricians to cleanly and efficiently cut through different types of cables, including copper, aluminum, and steel. With their sharp cutting blades and ergonomic handles, cable cutters provide precise and comfortable cutting action.
They are designed to handle various cable sizes and insulation types, ensuring that electricians can perform their tasks accurately. Whether it’s installing electrical systems, repairing faulty connections, or making modifications, cable cutters are indispensable for any electrician’s toolkit. These tools not only streamline the cutting process but also enhance safety by reducing the risk of frayed or damaged wires.
Investing in high-quality cable cutters is crucial for electricians to tackle any wiring project with ease and efficiency.
Voltage Tester Screwdriver
Essential electricians tools include a voltage tester screwdriver, a crucial tool for safety. This handy device combines a screwdriver and a tester, allowing electricians to check for live electrical currents without the need for a separate meter. With a maximum sentence length of 20 words, the voltage tester screwdriver is compact, portable, and easy to use.
It is designed to detect voltage in electrical outlets, switches, and wires, helping to identify potentially hazardous situations. By using this tool, electricians can ensure their safety and the safety of others when working on electrical systems. The voltage tester screwdriver provides a quick and reliable way to test for voltage, alerting electricians to the presence of live wires and helping them avoid accidental shocks.
Frequently Asked Questions On Essential Electricians Tools
What Are The Essential Electrical Tools For Electricians?
Electricians need a variety of tools to perform their work effectively. Some essential tools include wire strippers, pliers, screwdrivers, a voltage tester, a circuit breaker finder, and a multimeter. These tools help electricians troubleshoot electrical issues, measure voltage and current, and safely handle wires and circuits.
How Do Wire Strippers Work?
Wire strippers are used to remove the insulation from electrical wires. They have cutting edges that score the insulation without damaging the wire. By applying pressure and rotating the wire strippers around the wire, the insulation can be easily removed, exposing the conductive wire for electrical connections.
Why Do Electricians Use Voltage Testers?
Voltage testers are used to check if electrical circuits are energized or not. Electricians use them to ensure their safety by detecting the presence of voltage before working on a circuit. Voltage testers can also indicate the type of voltage, whether ac or dc, and help troubleshoot electrical issues by identifying live circuits.
Having the right tools is essential for every electrician. With the wide range of tasks they are required to perform, having a well-equipped toolbox can make a significant difference in their efficiency and productivity. From basic hand tools like pliers and screwdrivers to specialized equipment like voltage testers and wire strippers, each tool plays a vital role in ensuring safe and effective electrical work.
The use of quality tools also enhances precision and reduces the risk of accidents and mishaps. Moreover, investing in top-notch tools not only saves time but also guarantees durability and longevity, making it a cost-effective choice in the long run.
So, whether you are a professional electrician or a diy enthusiast, make sure to equip yourself with these essential tools to tackle any electrical project with confidence. Remember, a well-stocked toolbox is an electrician’s ally!


Tesla will release in the US next year a robot without a driver. This was announced on Monday by the president and founder of the company, Yelan Musk, during an online presentation. Mouse once again excites investors with their bold predictions, which often happen but with delayed deadlines, Reuters reports. Nevertheless, the company’s shares rose slightly.
In autonomous car technology, Tesla will compete with the US-based shared travel company Lyft, Google’s Waymo’s stand-alone vehicle unit, and Uber, which last week received $ 1 billion in funding. In addition, Tesla will compete with traditional taxi companies.
Presentation of Tesla
During the webcast, the company’s presentation on Monday was expected to announce Tesla losses in the last quarter due to fewer deliveries of the cheapest Model 3, which the company is trying to reach most of the market. In the presentation, Musk talked about Tesla’s progress in hardware and software developed by its best specialists, as well as the great potential of Model 3.
“The fundamental message that consumers need to understand today is that it is a financial madness to buy something other than Tesla.” Musk is firmly convinced that his company is the only one with a set of hardware devices for full self-management. During the presentation, he announced his intentions to produce robotaxies, which will be available next year.
Autonomous cars of Tesla
Tesla is working on a self-driving chip from 2016. Previously, Musk predicted that by 2018 the cars would be completely self-contained, a time the company had apparently dropped.
The main promise of Monday is the new microchip for autonomous vehicles. The chip is manufactured by Samsung Electronics in Texas. Musk expects the company to outperform its competitors in all Tesla cars and the significant costs of implementing it will be rewarded.
Musk sees Tesla’s new self-management chip as the best in the industry, outpacing competitors like Nvidia, which develops reusable chips. Tesla’s chip can make seven times more frames from the Nvidia Xavier system, says Pitt Bannon, head of the Autopilot hardware unit at Tesla. Nvidia, however, argues that the comparison is inaccurate.
Over the past three years, over 50 billion dollars of corporate and private investment have been wiped out in about 50 startup companies using Lidar, and according to a Reuters report only 2018, a record $ 420 million has been invested in non-working technology.
Mussel used the Lidar technology, which his rivals also rely on. Lidar sensors (using lasers and cameras) are a key element in most other self-management systems. But Tesla stopped using them.
“Lidar” is for the fools. And everyone who relies on Lidar is doomed, “Musk says.” Tesla’s cars use a self-management system based on cameras and radars.
Taxis of Musk
During the presentation, Mukk said that thanks to the robotaxi, the cost of transport would be reduced by between 25 and 30% on average. The price per mile is below 18 cents and will fall further, predicts Muss, compared to its competitors Uber and Lyft, where the mileage is between 2 and 3 dollars. Each vehicle will generate about $ 30,000 a year. Robots will have batteries that can withstand up to 1 million miles, writes Financial Times.
Experts say it will take years before the systems are ready for mass use and also that autonomous car manufacturers will face several regulatory barriers. But Musk predicts the following: “In a year we will have over 1 million cars with full self-management, software and everything.”
The analyst of the Wedbush investment company, Daniel Ives, sets Tesla’s ambition for robotics as “impressive,” but added that investors would be “worried about the practicality and financial implications of this venture, especially as Waymo is ahead of the competition for autonomous cars”. According to him, the more pressing problems facing the company are concerns about the demand for Model 3 and whether Tesla will seek new funding.
The US Consumer Reports magazine warned that “Tesla’s bold claims about self-driving are exaggerated and not well represented.” “The claims for Tesla’s automation and safety systems are not supported by information, and it looks like today’s presentation is for investors but not for consumer safety,” the paper writes.


Assoc. Prof David B. Hayrapetyan is a the principal investigator in our group and holds the position of the Head of the Department of Physics and Quantum Nanostructures at Russian-Armenian University. Holding a Ph.D. in Physics, Dr. Hayrapetyan has made remarkable contributions to the study of quantum dots and nanocomposite materials. He has authored and co-authored 88 scholarly articles that have garnered 774 citations across 375 documents, boasting an impressive h-index of 19. His research is widely published in esteemed journals and conference proceedings, covering topics from optical properties of biexcitons in ellipsoidal quantum dots to the influence of hydrostatic pressure on electronic states in spherical quantum dots. Additionally, Dr. Hayrapetyan has made significant contributions to educational literature through methodological publications and book chapters, including a Springer chapter on "Electronic and Optical Characteristics of Core/Shell Quantum Dots." His career stands as a testament to both his scientific innovation and his commitment to educational excellence.
Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 33, p.100936, 2023.
Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 145, p.115493, 2023.
Philosophical Magazine, pp.1-16, 2023.
Nanomaterials, 13(8), p.1393, 2023.
Computation, 11(1), p.5, 2023.
Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 148, p.115662, 2023.


Will be delivered within 2 to 5 business days.
Type: Digital single-lens non-reflex AF/AE camera
Image Format: Approx. 35.9 x 24.0mm
Lens Mount: Canon RF mount
Image Sensor Type: CMOS sensor
Effective Pixels: Approx. 26.2 megapixels
Total Pixels: Approx. 27.1 megapixels
For all their appealing features one of the concerns of using a full-frame camera has been its larger profile, however, the EOS RP is the lightest and smallest Canon EOS full-frame camera to date. * Weighing approx. 440g (body only) while being impressively compact and comfortable to use, the EOS RP is more convenient to carry, shoot with, and store than any previous EOS full-frame camera before.
Amazing for nighttime photography or in very low light, the EOS RP camera's brilliant AF can operate in light as dim as a light rating of EV -5^ where other AF systems may fail or search. Phenomenal AF is achieved even when using lenses with high F numbers. This ultra-sensitive AF works in concert with the EOS RP's EVF to clearly capture subjects even when there's limited light.
Among the EOS RP camera's manual focus aids, Focus Peaking helps establish the focus area quickly and clearly. With manual focus peaking, the outline of the area in focus is indicated by a colored line. Focus Peaking is usable in conjunction with the EOS RP's Focus Guide feature, and can be customized with peaking color and detection level specifications that fit the project at hand.
The EOS RP camera features a 3.0-inch, 1.04 Megapixel Clear View LCD II Vari-angle Touchscreen LCD. Brightness is adjustable in seven levels. Its extensive flexibility makes it easy to compose and shoot from virtually any angle, making selfies simple and enabling the LCD to fold away when not in use. The brightness of the EVF and the LCD monitor can even be adjusted individually - a first for an EOS camera. Touchscreen features include settings, review and even AF point selection.
The EOS RP is designed to allow users to operate almost every feature while looking through the EVF (electronic viewfinder). The camera features various operating controls, such as buttons, switches, and dials, that make them easy for the user to locate and operate. Many of the operating controls can even be customized to perform different functions to make the shooting process even easier.
Canon's Camera Connect^^ app uses the EOS RP camera's built-in Wi-Fi® and Bluetooth® compatibility to connect to a compatible mobile device. This allows a number of functions from easy image transfer to remote shooting, to adding GPS information to your photos and videos and more.


Open Position: Senior 3D Software Engineer
Creating the RapidCompact software, DGG is the leading provider of automated 3D data optimization technology, allowing clients around the world to scale up their 3D content production for real-time applications.
Our vision: Making 3D accessible to everyone.
Find out more about > What We Stand For
You Roles and Responsibilities:
- You are helping our core team to develop cutting-edge 3D data optimization technology, being used in production pipelines to process millions of 3D data sets each year, fully-automatically
- You are performing research on 3D mesh processing, texture baking, UV mapping, optimization algorithms and ML-based algorithms for 3D data optimization and QA
- You have 8+ years of experience in 3D graphics or 3D geometry processing or a related field
- You have in-depth knowledge of related algorithms and the state of the art, including at least basic know-how in 3D mesh optimization, real-time rendering, texture baking, computer vision and image processing, optimization algorithms, machine learning, as well as data compression and 3D file formats.
- You have strong C/C++ programming skills, as well as attention to detail and the ability to write readable, efficient code for applications where performance is key
- You are able to efficiently design and evaluate problem solutions in the field of 3D geometry processing for graphics, solving R&D challenges related to 3D mesh processing / remeshing, UV unwrapping, texture packing, 3D object recognition, as well as solving optimization problems.
What we offer you:
- Opportunity to help shaping the future of massive-scale 3D content pipelines for E-Commerce, virtual heritage, metaverse tech stacks and many more exciting opportunities – based on a highly successful deep-tech solution that is making an impact through robust, efficient and effective automation
- Exciting mix of international clients from different areas, all working with different kinds of 3D data for real-time rendering & XR
- Motivated and highly skilled core 3D software development teams to work with – building on 10 years of R&D in this field
- As part of our growing team, you will have great growth perspectives for your own personal development
- Competitive salary and possibility for stock options
- 30 holidays, plus bank holidays in your country
- Additional perks
- Fully remote position, workplace in Darmstadt, or hybrid (according to your preferences)
Send in your CV and application letter at email@example.com.


We are more connected every day, but with each device added to the network, the risk and cost of a breach grows. Think of hacking as telekinesis, the power to seize control of an object without physical interaction. With billions of devices and control systems online and the ongoing meteoric rise of the Internet of Things, it seems to be only a matter of time until bad actors hack their way to wreaking havoc.
Smart cities, which use sensors, apps and wireless networks to help urban environments run more smoothly, will connect with 1.6 billion devices in 2016, according to Gartner Research. That means the network security discussion is no longer confined to privacy. From connected vehicles, drones, and medical devices to the industrial control systems that run our nation’s critical infrastructure such as power grids, nuclear plants, air traffic control systems and hospitals, all of these things share the characteristic that they can, if not secured, cause chaos or injury.
Business Insider Intelligence estimates that 220 million connected cars will hit the road by 2020. So-called “white hats”—cyber security professionals who try to penetrate networks in order to find weaknesses before cybercriminals can—have demonstrated that a hacker can gain wireless control of a smart car’s dashboard functions, brakes, transmission and steering through its entertainment system.
Millions of Cars
All of this data flows through vulnerable networks, with the number of breaches reported by federal agencies increasing dramatically. Practically speaking, any device that shares information through a network has some level of vulnerability, a matter that poses very serious and emerging threats to an ever-connected world. The only way to be totally secure is to never connect in the first place.
The GAO reports that the number of incidents reported by federal agencies has increased dramatically in recent years from 5,503 incidents reported in fiscal year 2006 to 60,753 incidents in fiscal year 2013.
Cost of Breach
Incident costs rise each year—organizations lose $3.5 million on average per breach, according to an Experian and Ponemon Institute study. The average cost paid for each lost or stolen record containing sensitive and confidential information globally increased more than nine percent from $136 in 2013 to $145 in 2014. The cost per record increased to $195 for companies in the United States.


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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Institute of Theoretical Informatics
Group Algorithmics I
Phone +49 721 608-43919
Fax +49 721 608-44211
February 2, 2012: Prof. Dr. Dorothea Wagner receives the Google Focused Research Award
Our research is primarily concerned with algorithms and related topics, in particular as applied to graphs. Our work is both theoretical and applied and it is enriched through cooperation with companies and other researchers.
We provide our students with an education that teaches them to work scientifically and enables them to adapt to changing professional requirements. Motivated students are integrated into current research projects.


An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle or civilian drone is a pilotless aerial vehicle. These drones can be flown autonomously or by remote control. When flying autonomously the drone is controlled by a computer program that utilises GPS on both the drone and the ground station to set a flight plan that the drone will follow with no other input from a pilot.
The use of drones has revolutionised the protection and monitoring of endangered species like Rhinoceros. Drones have given counter-poaching units the ability to cover larger areas in a shorter space of time. The current drones however are very one-dimensional and have certain limitations. The rainbow Rhino initiative wants to grow the scope and ability of the use of the drones through the implementation of cutting edge technology.
The initiative wants to develop a system that all counter-poaching units are capable of using in any location.
The ultimate goal of the drones
- Automatically upload the GPS location from the satellite device on the rhino to the drone
- Allow the drone to locate the rhino in real time
- Photo/Video the rhino from the air
- Initially return with all imagery stored in memory device in drone
- Ultimately provide real time images of the rhino from the air
The drones also provide the ability to perform fence patrols and to monitor threat areas. The foundation would ultimately like to implement technology on the drones like shape recognition for the locating and following of potential poachers and suspicious vehicles. This technology can be further developed for the monitoring and counting of specific animal species.
Drones have the ability to work in both day and night. With the use of thermal cameras the drone is able to deter and prevent potential poachers from accessing certain areas.
The key to counter poaching methods is early detection. Drones are being developed to help with this. The ability to feed the information back from the drone, to the counter poaching unit is imperative to give the unit adequate time to respond.


In the 1960s and 1970s, there were millions of lovely cameras and handheld light meters manufactured—many of which remain perfectly usable today. Except for one little problem. Their light-measuring circuits were designed to be powered using a mercury battery.
What made mercury button cells so appealing was that their voltage stayed absolutely ruler-flat, until the last of the chemicals were depleted. After that, the battery quickly died. Most camera makers omitted any voltage compensation in their meter circuits, and simply used the battery itself as a voltage reference.
Mercury PX-13 battery, curse of vintage camera-dom
By far the most common size used in older cameras was the PX-13 or PX-625 type. Its case had a raised shoulder around its minus end, making it look vaguely muffin-like.
Today we recognize mercury to be a highly toxic metal; and worldwide, mercury battery production has been phased out. Any stocks of mercury batteries now remaining are from old production runs—a safe guess being from sometime in the last millennium.
If you go shopping for a PX625 today, you’ll discover lookalike replacements being sold. But they are alkaline cells, not mercury. And the problem is, a mercury cell is a 1.35 volt battery. An alkaline cell starts out at about 1.55 volts instead.
In a calculator, kitchen timer, etc., this voltage discrepancy is unimportant. But a light meter works by measuring the exact current flowing through a photocell: so the wrong voltage can wreak havoc with accurate readings. A few cameras (notably Pentax) used a meter circuit which was insensitive to voltage variations—but for most meters, wrong voltage means wrong exposure.
Worse, an alkaline battery actually drops off in voltage as it’s used, so the error is not even consistent—really you get the worst of both worlds. (The same drooping-voltage problem applies with 3-volt lithium batteries, in applications where those could be used.)
But silver-oxide batteries are widely available, and maintain a flat voltage (of about 1.58 volts) over their whole lifetime. The long life of silver-oxide cells make them the first choice anywhere it’s possible to use them.
Meter-Battery Voltage: Myths & Reality
Sometimes you read confused internet discussions about whether this o.2-volt error is important. And some rather questionable assertions get repeated. One claim is: “modern film has such wide exposure latitude that it doesn’t matter.” Another is, “you can just change the ASA setting to compensate.”
Fortunately, I am lucky to own one last genuine, mercury PX-13 cell, which still has some juice to it. So I decided to make a definitive test for myself.
I took light meter readings using two classic old-school SLRs (an Olympus OM-1 and a Canon FTb), and compared them to a known-accurate Pentax V spotmeter. Using the intended mercury battery, I got the camera and the spotmeter to agree within about 1/2 stop, over the entire range from full sun to dim indoor light.
But with the higher voltage of a silver-oxide battery, the cameras’ meters gave incorrect readings—and with a strange pattern: In bright sunlight, the indicated readings would yield two and a half stops underexposure! Yet in dim indoor light (at about the limit for handheld shooting) the meter readings were nearly correct. Between those two extremes, there was a variable amount of underexposure.
Well, this demolishes both of the internet myths I mentioned. First, 2-1/2 stops of underexposure is a terrible idea with any negative film I know of. (You’d get ugly grain and totally blank shadows.) Second, there is no simplistic way to adjust the ASA to compensate, because the error is not consistent as you go from bright to dim light.
The errors could certainly be different for other brands of cameras, using different circuit designs. There is no substitute for checking your own equipment against a known-good meter. But obviously the problem is a real one.
Frans De Gruijter has written the definitive article on this problem, along with several solutions, downloadable here (500 kB PDF). This article goes into dense technical detail; but at the very least, look at the graph he provides on page 3, showing the voltage curves for several different battery chemistries.
And there you’ll notice an intriguing possibility: Zinc-air batteries.
Zinc-air is an interesting battery chemistry, giving excellent energy density at low cost—advantages that have made them the preferred power supply for hearing aids. Happily, zinc-air cells have a voltage quite close to that of mercury cells. And this voltage stays consistent over the battery’s lifetime, just as we’d like.
Pull the blue tab to activate the battery
Zinc-air chemistry is also the basis of the “Wein cell,” often sold in camera stores as the correct-voltage replacement for mercury photo batteries. However the cost of vanilla #675 hearing-aid batteries is much lower—about $6 for a pack of 8.
To use either of these types, you must pull off a sticky tab first, which allows air to enter pinholes in the battery case. The battery does not produce any voltage until oxygen reaches the interior. Unopened cells can be stored for many years and remain fresh.
But one downside is that the inside of a zinc cell must remain moist for the chemical reaction to work. In arid environments, the cell can dry out and stop working after just a month or two, before its electrical capacity has been used up.
Putting the sticker back over the air holes will prolong the battery’s life, if you can remember to do it. But with the low cost of hearing-aid cells you might just consider them expendable, replacing them often.
The 675 size hearing-aid battery is a little bit thinner than a PX13 mercury cell; also it lacks the “muffin” shoulder and so is smaller in diameter. Sometimes you will need to add a little spacer ring to keep it centered in the battery compartment.
For this, I just slice rings off the end of a piece of tubing of the proper diameter:
Now, the voltage of the zinc-air battery is not perfect—it can be a shade too high. In fact, both the Wein cell and hearing-aid solutions have some voltage quirks, which I plan to write about in another article. However let’s keep things in perspective:
Over 40 years, any light meter might drift out of calibration—even if supplied with the textbook 1.35 volts. The shutter speeds on a vintage camera could easily be out of adjustment by a half a stop or so. There can be some slop in aperture linkages, so that you aren’t getting precisely the marked f/number. Vintage cameras are not the place to look for 3-digit precision.
But my tests say that a zinc-air hearing aid battery will get you to within half a stop of the exposure reading you’d get using a mercury battery. And any error will be worst in bright sun—the one situation where it’s most reliable to trust those old “Sunny 16” instincts.
So if all that’s stopping you from taking some nice old camera for a spin is the mercury battery issue, go with the zinc-air cells. It’ll get you out there shooting after one quick, inexpensive trip to the drugstore.
Then you can explore other, techier solutions to the problem later, if you choose to go that route.
Update: More on the quirks of zinc-air battery voltage in this follow-up post.


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CloudEvents is a specification for describing event data in a common way. CloudEvents seeks to dramatically simplify event declaration and delivery across services, platforms, and beyond!
CloudEvents is a new effort, and it's still under active development. However, its working group has received a surprising amount of industry interest, ranging from major cloud providers to popular SaaS companies. The specification is now under the Cloud Native Computing Foundation.
Miranum Connect uses this standard to enable other software components to use its functionality / APIs. The schema of currently available cloud events is documented in the Commands subsection.
The gateway which will be able to consume the Cloud Events is still under development.