Vertical l antenna
Note that a 5/8 l vertical performs better than any vertical cut at 1/4l or even at 1/2l. . 2MHz) when only restricted space is available. Handles 250W SSB PEP. 00 and 2200. Tunes/loads easily.
Big 2 1/8" bottom section tapers at the top to 3/8 of inch for flexibility, strength and wide bandwidth. Varying antenna wire lengths and/or frequency changes feedpoint Resistance. Quarter-Wave Vertical Antenna Length Calculator. Given the practical limitations on Q L it’s clear that short base-loaded verticals can be very inefficient. The center of the vertical Moxon is at the same height as the top of the vertical.
Ham radio is full of stories how stations (even DX) were worked using window screens, bed springs, and even light bulbs as antennas. Following on from an article in Practical Wireless Feb 2004 by GM0ONX which showed how to build an 80/40 trapped inverted L antenna I modified the design to cover 160/80/40. The best results work when you have an antenna with a large vertical component. B. See: Vertical Dipole Arrays 4-SQUARE Vertical Arrays.
6:1, 3. " Radiation resistance for inverted "L" antennas is often lower than 35 ohms, and lengthening the antenna to raise radiation resistance and then using a series capacitor to tune out the resulting inductance is one common solution. If you cannot have much height, a dipole would be as good or better than an extended zepp or big horizontal loop. Wind Load: 29 lb. The shield of the coax is connected to the ground at the base of the antenna and the center lead of the coax is connected to the vertical radiator.
Here is a zoom of the feed point in a correct model of a bottom-fed J-pole. Vertical Antenna & Mast Kit $165. 44 $ 44. HF verticals are versatile, and can deliver both multiband and monoband performance. He is available for antenna and installation consultation.
110 - Indoor Compact Loop Antenna for 80m. This is a simple, FULL SIZE quarter-wavelength vertical for 40m. The inverted-L is a compromise vertical that works pretty fair if you dont have the ability to get the entire antenna vertical. With that said, go look up the cost of one that is being sold in the magazines and on the web. 0–7.
The design of this Field Day Antenna is not very novel and leverages ideas from Butternut verticals and ARRL publications ZeroFive Antennas 80M full size vertical: 10 5. As a ground plane it should be fairly efficient. If you’ve got a 70’ tower, I would suggest an inverted V instead. 44. – n.
Its top was connected to the mid-point of the horizontal wire. See the following illustration from the late great L. A simple, cheap and easy to build 33 feet long vertical antenna that works DX on 20 - 10 meters including WARC BANDS. high at a fixed distance. The image antenna formed in the ground under a Marconi antenna .
111 - Helix Antenna. It has gain and wave angle comparable to a full-sized ¼λ ground plane antenna with radials . Directionality is significant. The ½ wave Inverted "L" antenna, with Hi-Z feed point requires only a minimum ground to be an effective radiator. With any vertical antenna system, the radials are the second half of the antenna.
Good idea? Ham Radio Antennas; How to build an Inverted L for the low-bands (40m, 80m and 160m) The ½-wave vertical dipole brings in a great many signals that cannot be heard on the big horizontal dipole, and is considered a complete success. A vertical antenna has a very low radiation pattern from its own and does not depend on height as much as a horizontal antenna does (over good ground). The formula for calculating the approximate length of a quarter-wave vertical antenna is: The 43 foot 10-160 meter Multi-Band Vertical antenna is a freestanding vertical element. Modelling results In January 2008, L. A: The radials should be made from insulated wire of #14 gauge or larger.
The Inverted-L Vertical. On 160m & 80m it acts much like a vertical with a counterpoise. Vertical Antenna for the 20-, 15-, 10- meter Bands (Antenna UW4HW) Vertical Antenna for 80-, 40-, 20-, 15- and 10- meter Bands. 66 in total. The categories that I rated the antennas Learn more about the topic of antenna efficiency and why likely high efficiency is the reason we see long time DX’ers, contesters, and veterans of the game considering all bands on one efficient vertical antenna when they downsize from their tall towers to the coastal or farm retirement lifestyle housing.
My first antenna experiment in ZL was simply to add additional wires in parallel to the existing 40m quarter wave vertical, using the same coax feed and ground plane. 20. " Unless you want to work only stations very close to you, use a 1/4 wave vertical, an inverted L, or a T antenna with about 60 1/4 wave radials. 43 foot 10-160 meter multiband foldover vertical antenna 5kw unun The 43 foot 10-160 meter Multi-Band Vertical antenna is a freestanding vertical element with no traps or coils. Without Radials .
Dual-Banding your 40m vertical for 15m. Features - The DXE-VMN-1 Vertical Antenna Matching Network: Precision machined Coil Tube Highest quality 12 gauge solid tin coated coil wire Custom made silver plated DXE-CLIP-P Coil Tap Custom "L" Bracket for mounting on the optional DXE-RADP-3 Radial Plate Stainless Steel Mounting Hardware 40m Vertical Bazooka Antenna- A DOUBLE BAZOOKA antenna is an extremely broad-banded Half Wave Antenna that can operate efficiently across an entire Ham band with little change to the SWR. A Vertical Antenna for 7 HMz. The purpose of this project is to design a simple multiband vertical dipole antenna for 20 meters and above, with a tuner, that will provide gain and a circular pattern on the higher bands. Cebik, W4RNL (SK) published what was going to be the last entry of his seminal 10-10 News series.
By removing or reducing ground reflection below the horizontal antenna section, the low radiation angle vertically polarized Inverted L antenna is moved toward "low dipole mode". KDØCA INVERTED L ANTENNA My low band Inverted "L" wire (a form of bent vertical) has about 12 radials buried under ground, and they are NOT resonant quarter wave radials, but this antenna works very well on 160 through 30 meters. The length of these loading wires has been roughly adjusted to get resonance: • V27+2x13: 27m. The longest piece must fit inside my suitcase (20 in / 50. D.
This type of antenna, unlike the dipole, is an unbalanced antenna, and should be fed directly with coaxial cable. This is the same pattern as a horizontal dipole when bent into the L form. : i. I helped an apartment bound blind friend use his rain trough as an antenna when he was prohibited from using even a small vertical. In order to achieve a higher gain the vertical dimensions of the antenna must be increased.
There are several reasons why I chose the double L antenna: Size, the antenna is relatively compact with the height being equal to the highest tree around and the horizontal length about 100ft. The antenna system consists of: Antenna simulator for small vertical monopoles. An "isotropic antenna" should not be confused with an "omnidirectional antenna"; an isotropic antenna radiates equal power in all three dimensions, while an omnidirectional antenna radiates equal power in all horizontal directions, with the power radiated varying with elevation angle, but decreasing to zero along the antenna's vertical axis. At just 23. G.
$44. Wire 4 is the short vertical I am amazed - from the time I opened the box. ) telescoping fiberglass Spiderpole. --KV5R THE KL7JR 5 BAND PIPE VERTICAL 1/2 Wave on 20 Meters by John Reisenauer, Jr. 0.
How to build a monoband HF Vertical Quarter Wave Ham Radio Antenna; Is a Dipole better than a Cobweb Antenna? Ham Radio Aerials. Below is the plot from my miniVNA antenna analyzer (antenna + coax + choke balun). Be sure to check out the many posts about the 43 foot antenna here on this web site. If you don't have enough space for a long horizontal antenna, it's an excellent alternative to attic antennas, which typically suffer from low S/N due to their proximity to house wiring. Use 1 - 1 5/8 inch diameter mast.
Additionally, a metal support is often connected to the J-pole antenna, adding a third variable. The comparison array is the 2x2 vertical array. It's very well-built, I'd even say perhaps over-engineered. 00: 00417 BigIR Vertical Antenna, 40m-6m G7FEK’s original “Nested Marconi Antenna” was first designed in 1988 and comprised two quarter-waves in parallel, fed against ground in inverted L. 00.
00218 SmallIR Vertical Antenna 20m-6m 20m-6m continuous coverage, 18 ft total length, 12 lb weight, 1 sq ft wind load; EIA-222C wind rating without guys; $ 921. In general, a large number of radials (even though some or all of them must be short) is preferable to a few long radials for a vertical antenna mounted on the ground. Since a vertical (Inverted L) is really a end-fed antenna it requires some form of path for the return current which typically is either an elevated or buried radial system. 54 dBi. says in his article, if you can buy a better antenna, by all means do so, but if you need an inexpensive, unobtrusive vertical, this one will do fine.
My thought is that if I attach a wire to the top of the vertical and string out the wire in a horizontal position, would that be the way to do this? Perhaps someone out there has done this. KN5L Field Day Vertical Antenna. Inverted L Wire Antenna Need to be mounted high enough that the ladder line is vertical for best HF Antennas Especially stealth models for those in an HOA this number, the loss resistance decreases the antenna efficiency by 30% to 50% for a 0. On higher bands it seems to radiate like a vertical and somewhat less like a traditional vertical loop. A popular misconception about vertical antennas for the low bands is that they must have elaborate ground systems.
Vertical Inverted L for the 160, 80 and 40- meter Bands. 4-3-2-001 Antenna Placement Guideline V1. 4 @ 1. When the tower is down, i can still work 20m reasonably well with the tribander on top of the tower some 6 meters up. It consisted of an inverted L fed near the shore, with 7 ten foot elevated radials.
Mobile antenna work has shown that we can improve the efficiency by moving the inductor from the base up into the vertical itself. 5'x1" aluminum pole was measured against three sets of ground radials is shown in Figure 1. In that configuration, the horizontal wire will radiate very little. And a vertical antenna is often omni-directional, so extra cost with rotators do not come in. However, there are several easy things you can do with your present antenna to initially get on the best amateur radio band… 160.
Vertical support up to 1. The DOUBLE BAZOOKA antenna design was first conceived as a rad Super Antenna MR8075 SuperWire Radial Set 80m-75meter for HF Vertical Antennas 3. Get it as soon as Mon, Apr 1. The first antenna everybody probably makes is a dipole and the second a quarter wave vertical. 5MHz Band ham Radio MP1 Counterpoise Ground Plane.
Vertical HF multiband antenna V8 - 9A4ZZ Introduction While constructing different antenna types (very short antennas, 9A4ZZ BIPOLE antenna-my original solution and different versions of it, versions of EH antenna, my solution EMA antenna…) Here’s a simple antenna which will get you on the air on top band and 80m (40m as well at a pinch) in a small garden. Some stations come in slight weaker than with my Cobra dipole, others same strength. The majority of the radiation is vertically-polarized at low angles (great for DX). Good idea? Ham Radio Antennas; How to build an Inverted L for the low-bands (40m, 80m and 160m) A vertical antenna that requires no additional supports. When we include other losses the effi-ciency will be even lower.
A quarter-wavelength antenna is easy and inexpensive to build and can be an effective antenna with a low angle of radiation (that is, power is radiated out, not up). Guying is OK. The reference antenna is a 4 element Yagi at 60', an excellent contesting antenna. 114 - Six-Band Wire-Stub Trap Antenna for 40m-10m Fortunately, antennas can also be configured vertically and in the process can show a significant improvement in the low-angle radiation needed for DX as compared to a low horizontally configured antenna. e the current just reaches a maximum at either the base of the vertical or at the inner ends of the radials.
DX Engineering DXE-160VA-1 antennas are a slow-taper 55-foot high Monoband Vertical Antenna system with a massive 3-inch OD base section. The Base of a Professionally Installed Vertical Tower Radiator Several design and installation details associated with the base of a vertical tower radiator are critical to lightning safety, mechanical safety, and proper antenna operation. Inverted L vs. When used as a radio frequency (RF) radiator, the non-tapered antenna element provides the widest practical bandwidth coupled with a low wind resistance. This antenna is designed to provide industry leading wide-band performance and optimal coverage of LTE frequencies, with minimum loss and no tuning required.
You can also see how I designed the spring tension system. The next graph examines the take off angles on 10m to Europe. See: G4ATA's 4-SQUARE Horizontal Antennas Comparison. 112 - Novice Vertical Antenna for 80m, 40m, 15m, 10m. No tuning! SWR 1.
Being a half- What is a ‘trap vertical antenna’? The traps (or coils) are inserted into an antenna to make it appear to be resonant quarter-wave antenna for each of the bands the trap vertical is designed for. The BMLPVMB/LTE low profile vertical antenna provides superior multi-band pattern coverage for mobile or fixed applications operating in frequencies from 600 MHz to 2700 MHz. The antenna that that post described was a top-loaded vertical. There will be some loss in the coil versus a full 1/4 wave vertical ground plane, but this is a large diameter, 10 turn per inch, heavy coil - so losses shouldn't be too bad. 2 dB more gain over a 1/2l vertical, so about 3 dBi.
I have also made notes as to why each was rated in the following categories. Notice the model includes the coaxial feed line and/or mast attached to the "grounded point" of the J-pole. This vertical section of the antenna is called a downlead and should be properly grounded. I wanted high efficiency 40 Meter antenna with low-angle radiation. L Antenna The L antenna configuration for the Buddipole™ is a good compromise between the horizontal dipole and the vertical dipole in that it exhibits both low angle vertical radiation and higher angle horizontally polarized radiation, making the antenna suitable for medium range domestic contacts as well as some DX work.
The antenna is more effective at picking up electromagnetic signals if it is strung at least 9 feet (3 meters) off the ground. The antenna must be full-size (quarter wavelength) on 40 meters and above. - Guatemala "I ordered and received one of you outdoor vertical ADS-B antenna and am very pleased. For comparison, horizontal antennas must be at least 1/4 wavelength high to even begin to be effective for DX, and 1/2 wavelength is the minimum height to be sure they work well for DX. The formula for calculating the approximate length of a quarter-wave vertical antenna is: decided upon the mono pole vertical as my next antenna project.
The TMastCo Vertical Antenna Kit (VAK1) is a non-tapered high strength aluminum vertical antenna or mast system. 5-54 MHz. The formula for calculating the approximate length of a quarter-wave vertical antenna is: Shown here is an Inverted-L with its long leg sloping to the ground. If you can have only one antenna and can chose between a vertical HF antenna or a relatively high horizontal HF antenna, go for the horizontal antenna. Of course you must keep the end of the antenna high enough above ground, such that humans and animals will not be harmed by the high voltage on the end of the wire.
net. I need to get the antenna just a bit higher, and can do, but need to work on it. Here’s a vertical antenna for 80 and 160, fed with a single feed line that is simple, effective, and requires no ground system. The mixed polarization of the L-antenna form is thought to smooth out some of that effect. Naturally, these antennas (like all end-fed antennas) require a decent radial system for efficient operation on the lower bands.
High Performance 40 Meters Vertical . The dual stacked antenna configuration should comply with the minimum vertical antenna isolation requirement of 30dB. A 3 foot piece of open-wire feed-line runs from the choke to the opposite side of the fence that surrounds the base of the tower. Antennas for 160. The vertical beam of an antenna is normally directed towards the horizon, assuming the antenna is correctly G7FEK’s original “Nested Marconi Antenna” was first designed in 1988 and comprised two quarter-waves in parallel, fed against ground in inverted L.
I have used inverted-L antennas with great success. ) long. On one end of the horizontal component of the inverted L antenna, another length of wire is dropped from the antenna to the ground. The reference antenna for gain measurements for car antennas is the l/4 -antenna. Overall antenna length is not really critical, but the inverted "L" does need have a horizontal section of no less than 5 to 7 meters and a vertical section of no less than 3 to 5 meters to work effectively.
H. 00! Wow! These guys are making some good markup! Features of the K0WA 40 meter verticle. The L-Antenna L. You can see that the 10m horizontal Yagi still does not cover the very low angles, and there is a null where there are still many signals arriving. This page contains a number of articles about single-band and multi-band HF vertical antennas.
Inverted L Wire Antenna Need to be mounted high enough that the ladder line is vertical for best HF Antennas Especially stealth models for those in an HOA This calculator is designed to give the vertical length (height) of a particular antenna, for the frequency and wavelength chosen. 107 - J-Style Antenna. This fantastic true full-size 5/8 wave 10/12 Meter vertical antenna from Hy-Gain was a legend in the 70's . For now on I was working with a dipole at 6m AGL. In this sense and relating to the aspect ratio of the L-shaped antenna, the said radiation properties can be easily 5/8-wave vertical.
2-meter vertical dipole array copper dipole array details rev. The Double-L Antenna by K2KQ, a compact vertical dipole for 160m. Extending the antenna changes the current distribution. Vertical Loop Antenna Polarization-The wave emitted by the vertical loop may be polarized vertical or horizontal depending on the feedpoint location-Vertical polarization is preferred when the antenna is low-Select the feed-point for low radiation angle for best DX results The image antenna formed in the ground under a Marconi antenna . It is built on a Spiderbeam 12m (40 ft.
The design of this Field Day Antenna is not very novel and leverages ideas from Butternut verticals and ARRL publications I have very little space to lay radials on our city sized lot. vert. Cebik: This could be a useful feature for an inverted "L. The photograph to the right shows how I tied the two vertical sections of the inverted-L antennas together. During 2007 the antenna was optimised and tested at sunspot minimum to improve performance and multi-band operation.
Vertical Open Stub Antenna for the 40 The antenna works most effectively when elevated at a reasonable height, but if no support is available it will also radiate (with limited efficiency) when stretched out on the ground. Marc, DL5NA, gave me an SSTV RSV of 585. SWR is fantastic. $400. Following limitations apply: For matching the impedance of single ended antennas like an Inverted L or a vertical monopole you just can't do much better than an L-Network.
Vertical Antenna – How many Ground Mounted Radials Do I Need I’m often asked this question and after 5 years of development, I think I finally have the answer thanks to both real-worl experience and the work that Rudy Severns, N6LF did in a controlled scientifically based experiment. It is difficult to get a horizontal antenna (dipole) high enough to be an effective antenna on 160. How good is a G5RV and how do they work? Ham Radio Antennas. Cushcraft achieved a major breakthrough in the development of an HF multiband vertical antenna that has been specifically designed for use with a tuner and amplifier. It resembles an "L" turned upside down.
00 ZeroFive Antennas Custom Insulated Vertical Mount: 3 5. It’s a non-resonant 43-foot tilt-over mounted on a 2″ pipe set in concrete. A full counterpoise below the flattop suppresses horizontally polarized radiation. It will tune all bands 160 - 10 M, but my home brew vertical outperforms the Inverted L on 20 - 10 m. Below a small description of an easy to make and cheap multiband wire vertical.
By John Portune W6NBC . 5 m long and 22 m long were found to be ineffective on 160m. The categories that I rated the antennas according to the length-height ratio of an L-shaped wire antenna have been determined. For this reason, you should use an antenna analyzer with a reactance readout, when adjusting any antenna matching coil or device. 34 + 4.
A vertical antenna keeps the majority of the signal from warming the clouds directly above, even tho' you will lose 3 or more dB to the ground system. This vertical antenna has no lossy traps or coils to burn out. This shortened easy-to-build vertical, with no-radials, is made from surplus military camouflage poles. Whoever gave thought to the assembly of this antenna is a genius! Great contacts on FM and SSB. Let me first say I make no claims of originality for this item.
When you rotate this antenna, the difference between the strong points and the back is 4. The reception seemed to be Ok, but the reports for transmission were very poor. From the feedpoint there is a vertical wire. From the top of the vertical wire there is a horizontal wire. The antenna behaves more like a horizontal dipole where the strongest signal is to the sides.
from the antenna. The 43 Foot Vertical Antenna Related wiki pages: Antennas, Propagation, Feedlines Vertical antennas, often simply known to amateurs as "verticals," are antennas in which the driven element is vertical. , KL7JR. OPERATION. Vertical Dipole Arrays.
Vertical Antennas Discontinued Antennas : The S9 series of tough, lightweight vertical fiberglass HF amateur antennas may meet your antenna needs. . Seeing nice DX-stations on a cluster that you cant here frustrates HI. Cebik, W4RNL - contains a lot of very useful information regarding the Inverted L, antenna patterns, gain figures, vertical vs horizonal lenght ratios and there role on its performance recommended lenghts and impednace ranges for given bands. 113 - Stub-Loaded Shortened Dipole for 80m.
I'm guessing it's the materials. Also, QSB in DX signals can also rise from polarization changes in signals bouncing off of ionized layers. You will need to insulate the bare wire ends on the outer ends of the radials. 5:1. Measurements were taken at the antenna using a FG-01 Antenna Analyzer.
Made out of aluminum tubing Uses PVC as an insulator Is 32 feet high the current distribution on the vertical and the radials independently corresponds to resonance. My 40 meter vertical cost me $13. 5. Figure 27 shows the vertical pattern of a 5/8 l antenna. This isn't a wire antenna in a fiberglass tube like the S9 antennas.
Cebik, W4RNL Diversity-polarization reception is often handy, especially on 10 meters. On the good side it has a relatively low takeoff angle compared to a low dipole. An L-Network has only two components, only one "proper" tuned condition and, generally, the lowest loss of any matching circuit. This program models an inverted-L, end-fed, antenna which includes a connecting wire to ground. now it's back to prove it's legendary status once again! A full-size radiator with lower radiation angle concentrates power closer to the ground, where you want it.
2 = 8. The antenna went together in less than 10 minutes. Basically an L-antenna configuration (ref. Cushcraft R8 Multi-Band Vertical Antennas provide 8-band coverage encompassing the 6, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 30, and 40 meter bands Find Cushcraft R8 Eight-Band Vertical Antennas R8 and get Free Standard Shipping on orders over $99 at DX Engineering! An "isotropic antenna" should not be confused with an "omnidirectional antenna"; an isotropic antenna radiates equal power in all three dimensions, while an omnidirectional antenna radiates equal power in all horizontal directions, with the power radiated varying with elevation angle, but decreasing to zero along the antenna's vertical axis. 75" O.
The vertical beamwidth can be estimated if the length of the antenna is known: V3 = 15300/(F x l) V3 = Vertical beamwidth relative - 3 dB points (degrees centigrades) F = Frequency (MHz) l = Antenna length (meter) ANTENNA DOWN TILTING. This tool calculates the antenna capacitance and radiation resistance of small vertical monopoles at 475 kHz. "Here are a couple of screen shots of your antenna up in the air here in Guatemala, so far I have been able to reach over 200 nm with it!" Juan C. No ground system or radials 7-Band Sky Master 40-10M, 1kW Vertical SkyMaster vertical antenna covers all your favorite HFbands: 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 30 and 40 Meters and handles 1000 Watts PEP. Vertical HF antennas do have their merit though.
It is a very common arrangement. Straightening Out the Inverted-L: by L. N6BT of Force 12 fame worked many stations using a light bulb antenna. The most tested version here has a spacing between masts of 20 meters, a height above average terrain of no less than 5 meters and I used Vertical Antenna Chart & Index: Diamond: A144-S5 Yagi Beam 2m: A502HB Yagi Beam 6m: BB7V Vertical HF: F 22A Vertical 2m: F 23H Vertical 2m: F718A Vertical 70cm: V2000A Vertical 6m/2m/70cm: X 30A Vertical 2m/70cm: X 50A Vertical 2m/70cm: X 200A Vertical 2m/70cm: X 300A Vertical 2m/70cm: X 700HNA Vertical 2m/70cm: X 510HDM/510HN Vertical 2m/70cm 1) Buddipole Portable Dipole/Vertical 2) Chameleon V3 Antenna 2-160M QRP-250W 3) TransWorld Antennas TW2010 Traveler HF Portable Vertical Antenna I used a rating scale of 1 through 10, with 1 being Poor and 10 being Excellent. Accommodate coax lines with an L-Network match.
Don Toman, K2KQ toman@ibm. Wire 2 is the long vertical element. 7, 8). 20 $ 128. The DOUBLE BAZOOKA antenna design was first conceived as a rad Vertical Antennas Projects is a curation of 183 resources about , Balloon-supported verticals, A 90 foot irrigation tubing vertical, Groundplane antenna, Vertical antenna for 160 meter, Vertical antenna for 40 and 80m.
However, if you adjust the antenna to a frequency lower than the true resonant point, the indicated SWR will decrease, perhaps to 1. HF Vertical Antennas and Packages. Horizontal, unbalanced antennas, such as a long wire or random wire, need an RF Ground wire that should be 10-15% longer than the antenna wire itself. It is a center load, shortened ground plain vertical antenna. 5´ and only 7 pounds you can easily raise it up and down for stealth operation.
The Vertical Antenna, especially the ground mounted ¼ wavelength vertical antenna, has a few upsides and a few downsides. Tom Schiller, N6BT founder and owner of Next Generation Antennas provides a variety of services to the Amateur Radio community including the measurement of take off angles of antennas utilizing high tech equipment and a drone. But using the vertical on 20m would give me the benefits of a 1/2 wave antenna, with all the nice low angle radiation that comes with it. The 1601354 L-Band Antenna has been designed for BCAS characteristics to provide more stringent radiation pattern directivity to assure reliable system performance. A lightweight, high performance, extremely portable vertical antenna rated at 1500 watts key-down with fully manual operation (no electrical power or controller required).
It has 8 to 16 ground-mounted radials, each 5 to 10m (16 to 33 ft. A vertical HF antenna can get away with a height of HAM RADIO ANTENNA HF/6M Ground-Plane Vertical Broadband vertical antenna with no ground radials is super easy to assemble. 0 out of 5 stars 1. 8 cm maximum length). 5-band vertical HF antenna: 10m, 15m, 20m, 40m, 80m.
This Field Day Vertical Antenna project is the result of many years of attending various field day sites and realizing that what was needed is a simple, easy to assemble vertical antenna. 00 to $500. base-fed vertical antenna. Multiple Bands in one MFJ Antenna! Full size performance . It will supplement the big horizontal dipole by providing good omnidirectional coverage, with some gain, from 20 through 6 meters.
Vertical monopole receiving antenna for HF A vertical monopole is easy to set up and provides good reception with a minimal need for space. Included with this antenna system is a rugged, patented* stainless steel pivot fixture for ease of raising, lowering and tuning adjustments. antenna on 40m. I built a monoband version, though others have built this antenna for multiple bands. Full size vertical, inverted-L or vertically polarized delta loop almost always better than a horizontal antenna for DX (>99%) Major factors affecting vertical antenna performance: nearby towers over 25 meters high will severely degrade 160 meter vertical antenna performance Use at least 32-64 shallow buried radials, 40 meters long The unit on the left below is the medium power BMU (Base Matching Unit) intended for 42 foot to 48 foot vertical, sloper, or Inverted-L antennas.
When used in a multi-vertical array, verticals can even provide low-band directivity. I just recently placed it onto an MFJ-1918EX stand and it all works wonderfully. The original antenna was roughly 50 feet long x 22 feet high. 0 16-Jan-2013 $1000. Where separation of UHF and VHF antennas are not possible, UHF and VHF stacked antennas are recommended as shown in the following figure.
Features of the NI50 Series have still been retained to provide: • Extremely high side-load strength guards against breakage by ground handling gear. The inverted-L antenna is a wire vertical antenna with part of the top end bent horizontally. This worked fine for 80 country's on CW-40m in 6 months, but the further stations where mostly not hearable even if an other ON station worked them. Was in the air in another 10 minutes. This is a self-supporting/non-guyed 33-foot aluminum tubular vertical that's something like 6 inches at the base and tapers slowly to the top.
I find the antenna simple, inexpensive, and easily concealed. Antenna is outperforming any 6 meter vertical, I believe, on the market. Use the formula: 492/fMHz (259. of cable from you. These combined Horizontal/Vertical characteristics are desirable where local contacts may be with hams with either type of antenna polarization.
3dB reduction in performance compared to a full length vertical. I added 30m and 80m quarter waves - the 80m one makes an inverted-L. It is intended as a simple, inexpensive solution for the newcomer to experiment across the 40m band (7. Super wide bandwidth means more time operating ,and less time stuck on a frequency your trap vertical is tuned for. MFJ-1797 Vertical Antenna, 7-Band, 40-10M Compact Vertical.
A vertical HF antenna can get away with a height of According to the ARRL Antenna Handbook, much of the single hop dx arrives at angles between 1 and 5 degrees. What are your thoughts? Mark Griffin, KB3Z QRPGuys Portable 40-30-20m Tri-Band Vertical Antenna – $20 Please note the shipping policies and notifications on our home page. The inverted-L is used to reduce the height required by a vertical and still keep the antenna resonant and full sized. It is by no means a replacement for antenna design software such as EZNEC, but should give a clue how the antenna will perform. m Antenna “extension” Coil.
The 10-40 meter high performance groundplane freestanding vertical antenna is a rugged multiband vertical antenna. 9MHz for example) to find the overall length of the aerial, which is composed of H (Horizontal) + V (Vertical) components. The additional gain of 2 dB is achieved mainly by the tilting of the vertical pattern. At the lower end of the HF spectrum, the λ/2 height requirement for horizontal antennas can become cumbersome (even though horizontal phased arrays have a less stringent minimum height requirement). Detractors to trap vertical will state that antenna power is lost in these trap sand therefore a trap vertical antenna should not be used.
Most common verticals are simply a piece of wire or aluminum tubing mounted vertically, but others, such as those designed for mobile use, are significantly more comp Jake L. FREE Shipping by Amazon. The said regions depict the geometrical boundaries where the L-shaped wire antenna loses its characteristic monopole-type radiation pattern. The reception will be good on some bands, and rather lousy on others… this is predominately due to variations of the antenna impedance at different frequencies. This vertical antenna has no lossy traps,coils or stubs to burn out ,fill up with water and detune.
A 20 meter vertical consisting of 8" #14 wire and 16. I have been told that I could convert the vertical to an inverted L antenna. $128. Experience has shown that multi-band operation is desirable, but instant band switching is not necessary. 1) Buddipole Portable Dipole/Vertical 2) Chameleon V3 Antenna 2-160M QRP-250W 3) TransWorld Antennas TW2010 Traveler HF Portable Vertical Antenna I used a rating scale of 1 through 10, with 1 being Poor and 10 being Excellent.
A properly constructed FCP can also serve this purpose within a total length of only 66 feet. It’s patented folded design allows for a 40% reduction in size with only a 0. A vertical HF antenna offers many advantages—an omnidirectional signal collector and easy to install radiator are two of the biggest. ith its size, ease of installa-tion, and reliable perfor-mance, the 40 meter quarter wavelength vertical antenna is a very popular HF antenna. Solarcon I-MAX 2000 CB/Ham Radio Base Station Vertical Antenna - 24' 4.
Full 1/4 wave vertical for 40m. 3 out of 5 stars 232. With permission from Joe Everhart, (N2CX), we have adapted his 40-30-20m portable vertical antenna design using switched toroids for the base loading inductance into a lightweight antenna for an easy outdoor setup. Table 3 compares these low angle gains of the vertical with a dipole, a 5-element Yagi, and a vertical Moxon. What’s more, with proper matching, it also performs very well on the 20 meter band.
Double-L Antenna For 80/160. EZNEC is used to solve the ground loss by adding load resistance such that the model matches the antenna measured impedance. when using the 160m antenna the 40m vertical wire on the mast is disconnected. Two Vertical Antennas for 20-, 15- and 10- meter Bands. The high-tech polymer tube rings are UV-resistant and quickly slide on and off the antenna, allowing lightning-fast "tool free" deployment of the antenna at home or in any field environment.
Note: The various modeling programs were of no help in selecting a single pole vertical like the reference antenna, compared with the tuned trap vertical antennas in the test group. 109 - Coax Inverted-L Antenna for 80m. The vertical segment should be as high as possible, with the remaining length running horizontal to a nearby tie off point. The grounded loop antenna (non-resonant, unbalanced), works well on the HF Bands . L l Vertical on ‘Autopilot’ An old “Hints & Kinks” item results in an excellent Field Day antenna.
The modeling programs seemed, to me at least, to treat all verticals the same as far as patterns go. This antenna was the mark 3, the previous two 17. A 5/8-wave antenna displays two symmetric lobes (view in elevation) and has 1. Vertical HF antennas still remain useful. vertical antenna projects for the 40 meters band is a curation of 40 resources about , Vertical antenna for 40 and 80m, Slink-ette antenna, The Hudson antenna, W8HDU 40m Vertical design, 7 MHz Vertical antenna.
The graph below shows the measured VSWR of a 6. Receives 2. 5m vertical wire antenna (supported on a 10m fishing pole) fed against 10 buried radials, and terminated with differing values of resistive loads. b. This does NOT take into consideration the type or size of horizontal reflectors, of even if there is a need for them.
This flattens out the pattern removing power from the useless (for VHF purposes) vertical dimension and giving more horizontal gain and at a lower angle. Radial System The use of a radial system is a key requirement for any high performance quarter wave vertical antenna system. 0 18-Jun-2007 $(missing—add MSRP) ZeroFive Antennas heavy duty foldover vertical antennas mount: 15 The antenna can be ground mounted or attached to an insulated pole, which will further improve the HF performance (as shown later). - Appleton, WI "Back on July 29th (there-bouts), I purchased an GMRS antenna and 40ft. An inverted L is a bent quarter-wave Marconi vertical fed against a system of surface, buried, or elevated radials.
0 design: kg4jjh 11/15/05 antenna & mast g u y l i n e g u y l i n e guy line 3 4 3 4 45' radius My first attempt at a high performance vertical on the top band was not too successful, but worked well on 80m. This is the third antenna. Their gain is also higher than the one of a dipole. Time to try a vertical on my hilltop. I then thought about what other bands were of interest.
The radiation pattern of the antenna has significant vertical component at all frequencies, making it ideal for NVIS applications. Vertical T models Than I compared three of the inverted L models with the corresponding vertical Tees, with the sloping wires hanging to 6m. If either H or L is made longer than resonance, the current maximum will move out onto the Perhaps he is right for many things, but for ham radio folks evaluating antenna choices a popular answer for the height of a vertical antenna for the HF bands appears to be 43. pipe. 0 to 90 MHz.
108 - Vertical / Horizontal / Circular Polarization Antenna. We use the same antenna for both horizontally polarized SSB locals and vertically polarized FM repeaters and whip-equipped mobiles. 25 wavelength vertical, depending on soil characteristics. simple dipoles, the "w5gi mystery antenna", half square 2 wire phased vertcal array's, 3 wire phased vertical "bobtail curtain", end fed zepp antennas, double extended zepp doublets, k4tr 5/16ths wave l, 1/4 wave twinlead and standard wire l"s, vertical "t" antennas, g5rv antennas (3 models),300 ohm ladder line, end insulators,#14 antenna wire L-COM, HG2415Y-NF , Antenna, Yagi, WiFi, Vertical or Horizontal, NEW IN BOX See more like this 48" Antenna Stainless steel WHIP rounded top, build own dipole or vertical HOBBY Brand New base-fed vertical antenna. The conclusion was that the Grounded Loop Antenna with an option for configuration as an Inverted U.
Docx 11 Typically the feedline for an inverted “L” antenna is a single wire that runs under the window sill, and then it attaches to the antenna terminal of the radio. B. The radial runs horizontally from the base of the antenna. Like L. The vertical portion of the antenna went up about 30 feet to the top of a palm and then out to a 32 foot fiberglass pole.
Antennas that use a vertical section as part of the radiator, such as the Inverted-L antenna, need to have a ground radial system just like a vertical antenna. As with all Amateur Radio antennas there maybe compromises and the ideal site may not be available. Three- Rod Vertical Ground Plane Antenna for the 10- meter Band. While this can help, we can do Temporary can lead to permanent, so I decided to do a proper antenna … now, before I got too used to the long-wire lash-up. Nothing will be as good as an Inverted L or another good vertical for transmitting.
The vertical is a DX Engineering DXE-MBVE-1 multi-band 160-10 meters. L. This multiband vertical designs provide 9 band coverage encompassing the 6, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 30, 40 and 80 meter bands. The third antenna will probably be a multiband version of these antennas (or yagi). Just a thanks for a great product and finally something working right Vertical HF antennas still remain useful.
+two 13m sloping wires (source impedance 31,89 +j1,69 ohms) 1/2 Wavelength "L" Antenna. vertical l antenna
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In the ever-evolving landscape of digital technology, the concept of the Hyperverse has emerged as a fascinating and revolutionary phenomenon. The Hyperverse represents a paradigm shift in our perception of reality, pushing the boundaries of what we thought was possible. In this article, we will delve into the depths of the Hyperverse, exploring its definition, characteristics, potential applications, and the impact it may have on various industries. Join us on this captivating journey as we unlock the secrets of the Hyperverse and its implications for the future.
What is the Hyperverse?
The Hyperverse can be described as an interconnected and immersive digital realm that combines elements of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and artificial intelligence (AI). It represents a convergence of these technologies, creating a seamless and interactive experience for users. In the Hyperverse, individuals can transcend the boundaries of physical space and engage with a digital environment that blurs the line between the real and virtual worlds.
The Building Blocks of the Hyperverse
2.1. Understanding Virtual Reality (VR)
Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that simulates a computer-generated environment, enabling users to experience a completely immersive and interactive digital world. By wearing a VR headset, users can explore virtual landscapes, interact with objects, and engage in virtual experiences that mimic the real world or transcend its limitations.
2.2. Exploring Augmented Reality (AR)
Augmented reality (AR) overlays digital information onto the real world, enhancing our perception of reality. AR technology enables users to interact with virtual objects and receive real-time information, blending the physical and digital realms. Popular applications of AR include mobile games, navigation tools, and virtual try-on experiences in the fashion industry. Please visit here for all about appvelllyall.com
2.3. Embracing Mixed Reality (MR)
Mixed reality (MR) combines elements of both VR and AR, seamlessly blending digital content with the physical environment. MR technology enables users to interact with virtual objects while maintaining a connection with the real world. This allows for a more immersive and dynamic experience where virtual and real-world elements coexist. Cleck here for all about entertainment news from tamilmv
2.4. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in the Hyperverse, powering intelligent algorithms and virtual entities. AI enables the Hyperverse to adapt to users’ behaviors, preferences, and needs, creating personalized and engaging experiences. Through AI, the Hyperverse can learn and evolve, enhancing its capabilities over time.
Unleashing the Potential of the Hyperverse
The Hyperverse holds immense potential across various industries, transforming the way we communicate, entertain, educate, provide healthcare, and conduct business.
3.1. Enhanced Communication and Collaboration
The Hyperverse enables individuals to connect and communicate in entirely new ways. Through virtual environments, people can engage in realistic face-to-face interactions regardless of their physical location. Collaborative workspaces in the Hyperverse foster global collaborations, breaking down barriers of time and space.
3.2. Immersive Entertainment Experiences
Entertainment experiences within the Hyperverse are unparalleled, providing a new level of immersion and interactivity. Users can step into virtual worlds, participate in thrilling adventures, and engage with their favorite characters like never before. The Hyperverse opens up infinite possibilities for gaming, storytelling, and multimedia experiences.
3.3. Transforming Education and Training
Education and training are revolutionized within the Hyperverse. Students can embark on virtual field trips, conduct scientific experiments in simulated environments, and learn complex concepts through interactive visualizations. Professional training can be enhanced by providing realistic simulations and hands-on experiences, improving learning outcomes.
3.4. Revolutionizing Healthcare and Medicine
The Hyperverse has the potential to reshape healthcare and medicine. Surgeons can practice complex procedures in virtual operating rooms, allowing for precise and risk-free training. Patients can receive remote consultations and access virtual healthcare services, improving accessibility and quality of care.
3.5. Advancing Business and Marketing
Businesses can leverage the Hyperverse to create innovative marketing campaigns, offering immersive product experiences and interactive advertisements. Virtual showrooms and retail spaces provide customers with a unique and engaging shopping experience. The Hyperverse also opens doors for virtual conferences, trade shows, and remote collaborations, expanding global business opportunities.
Challenges and Considerations
While the Hyperverse holds tremendous promise, several challenges and considerations must be addressed to ensure its responsible and ethical implementation.
4.1. Privacy and Security Concerns
As the Hyperverse collects vast amounts of user data, privacy and security become critical issues. Safeguarding personal information and ensuring secure access to the Hyperverse are essential to protect users from potential risks and misuse of data.
4.2. Ethical Implications
The Hyperverse raises ethical questions regarding the boundaries between the real and virtual worlds. It is crucial to establish guidelines and regulations to prevent misuse, protect users from harmful content, and address concerns surrounding addiction and psychological well-being.
4.3. Technological Limitations
Although the Hyperverse presents groundbreaking possibilities, certain technological limitations need to be overcome. Enhancing the realism and resolution of virtual environments, reducing latency, and advancing hardware capabilities are areas that require continuous development.
The Future of the Hyperverse
The Hyperverse is still in its infancy, and its full potential is yet to be realized. As technology continues to advance, we can expect the Hyperverse to become more immersive, interactive, and seamlessly integrated into our daily lives. It holds the power to redefine how we perceive and interact with digital information, transforming industries and creating new opportunities for innovation.
The Hyperverse represents a groundbreaking leap in the realm of digital reality. Its amalgamation of virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and artificial intelligence opens up a world of possibilities across various domains. From communication and entertainment to education, healthcare, and business, the Hyperverse has the potential to reshape how we experience and interact with digital content. However, it is essential to navigate the challenges and address ethical considerations to ensure a responsible and inclusive Hyperverse that benefits all users.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
7.1. What distinguishes the Hyperverse from existing virtual reality technologies?
The Hyperverse distinguishes itself by integrating multiple technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and artificial intelligence (AI). It creates a seamless and interconnected digital realm that goes beyond individual technologies, offering a more immersive and interactive experience.
7.2. Will the Hyperverse replace traditional forms of entertainment?
While the Hyperverse offers new and exciting entertainment experiences, traditional forms of entertainment are unlikely to be replaced entirely. The Hyperverse complements and enhances existing entertainment mediums, offering users a different level of immersion and interactivity.
7.3. How can the Hyperverse improve educational practices?
The Hyperverse can revolutionize education by providing immersive and interactive learning experiences. Students can explore virtual environments, conduct simulations, and engage in collaborative activities that enhance understanding and retention of knowledge.
7.4. What are the potential risks associated with the Hyperverse?
Privacy and security risks are significant concerns in the Hyperverse, as personal data is collected and shared within virtual environments. Additionally, ethical issues such as addiction, psychological well-being, and exposure to harmful content need to be carefully addressed.
7.5. Are there any industries that will not be impacted by the Hyperverse?
The Hyperverse has the potential to impact a wide range of industries. However, some industries may be more affected than others. For example, industries like entertainment, education, healthcare, and marketing are likely to undergo significant transformations, while industries with limited digital integration may experience a slower adoption of Hyperverse technologies.


Robin-Amprobe KTS1625 Multifunction Tester
Robin-Amprobe KTS1625 Multifunction Tester complete with Free Calibration Certificate Traceable to National Standards
The Robin-Amprobe KTS1625 Multifunction Tester is used for measuring various parameters of the electrical system to provide complete safety analysis.
The Robin-Amprobe KTS1625 Multifunction Tester features loop impedance measurements as well as measurement of continuity and insulation resistance of motors, transformers or wires, testing of RCD systems, measuring voltage and frequency.
Safety and performance are two most critical requirements for every electrical system. The quality of insulation, properly working grounding system and active protection are “must have” to assure safety of the people, electrical systems and buildings against electrocution, fire, and other equipment damage. They are critical to prevent loss of productivity due to power interruption.
Robin-Amprobe KTS1625 Multifunction Tester features:
- Selectable test voltages 250V, 500V and 1000V
- Continuity test @ 200mA (short-circuit)
Line / Loop Impedance Functions:
- Non-Trip Loop test
- Fast testing
- Prospective earth fault current
- Prospective short-circuit current
- Three levels of trip currents (X½, X1, X5) for complete range of testing applications
- Phase switch selection 0° and 180° for positive and negative
- semi-cycle testing
- RAMP slope measurement
- Tests time-delayed RCD’s (S-type)
- RCD Half-Wave test
- Auto RCD test
- Designed to allow testing to BS7671 IEE 17th Edition regulations
- Voltage and frequency measurements
- Instant correct wiring status check
- Dual measurement result display
- Large, backlit display
- Low battery indication
- Safety CAT III 300V
- Includes: test probe with remote test button, mains test cord, test lead, test probes, alligator clips, 8 x 1.5V alkaline battery (AA), user’s manual, strap, carrying case.
Robin-Amprobe KTS1625 Multifunction Tester comes complete with a Free Calibration Certificate Traceable to National Standards when purchased new.
Contact us for further information regarding Robin-Amprobe KTS1625 Multifunction Tester


The Future of
GRID STORAGE TODAY
Amergin was founded to address the key challenges posed by the integration of renewable generation onto the Transmission Grid. Amergin’s energy storage platform combines proven technology with sophisticated operational software and an innovative financial structure. Amergin’s solution will fundamentally transform the electric grid, building a smarter and more reliable power infrastructure.
Read more about us
Amergin Energy to Deploy 40MW of Grid Energy Storage by 2018
Amergin Energy LLC (“Amergin”) will deploy at least 40MW of integrated battery storage systems for Amergin’s late stage development projects for grid-scale energy storage within PJM Interconnection. This network is expected to commence construction in early 2018 and be fully operational by late-2018. The 40MW network will provide frequency regulation (ancillary) services to PJM interconnection.
©2015. Amergin Energy. All right reserved


A wireless speaker system that delivers pristine sound in an elegant package. Moonraker's minimalist design compliments your aesthetic without compromising sound quality.
Moonraker is an homage to mid-century design. Every detail is functional, beautiful and executed with reverence for the modernist tradition. You're passionate about design. Don't settle for uninspired speakers.
Moonraker's curved polymer shell has been carefully engineered to minimize resonances and diffraction. The result is a loudspeaker with exceptional imaging qualities and a remarkable lack of harshness. The sound is lush and detailed, bringing you closer to the music.
Good design means simple, intuitive controls. Moonraker gives you the control you need without the superfluous functions you don't.
All in Two
Immersive sound requires a wide sound-stage that all-in-one speakers can't provide. Moonraker includes two separate bi-amplified speakers to bring you the best possible listening experience.
Moonraker works with your wired and wireless devices:
- Bluetooth with apt-X and AAC provides a high performance wireless connection to most portable devices
- Wired optical and coaxial digital inputs work with televisions and other wired digital audio devices
- Analog inputs connect to CD players, turntables (with integrated preamp) and other analog equipment
Moonraker is handmade in California by skilled craftsmen. Honest, high-quality materials are used in every aspect of the manufacturing process.
Rear Panel Inputs
- Optical digital input
- Coaxial digital input
- Two analog audio inputs
- Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR with AAC and aptX
- Sealed alignment
- Nominal woofer diameter: 6.5"
- Tweeter diameter: 0.8"
- Class D
- Total output: 150 watts RMS
- Bass amplifier: 50 watts RMS x 2
- Treble amplifier: 25 watts RMS x 2
- Type: Active 2.2kHz
- Woofer: 48dB/octave
- Tweeter: 48dB/octave
Dimensions & Weight
- Height: 27.9"
- Width: 14.6"
- Depth: 12.5"
- Weight (right speaker): 10.0 lbs
- Weight (left speaker): 7.8 lbs
- Input Power: 120VAC / 60Hz
- Fuse: 1A AGC


I created and submitted a video for the VIDA 10.0 international competition with help from my friends.
VIDA 10.0 is an international competition created to reward excellence in artistic creativity in the fields of Artificial Life and related disciplines, such as robotics and Artiftcial Intelligence.We are looking for artistic projects that address the interaction between “synthetic” and “organic” life”.
In previous years prizes have been awarded to artistic projects using autonomous robots, avatars, recursive chaotic algorithms, knowbots, cellular automata, computer viruses, virtual ecologies that evolve with user participation, and works that highlight the social side of Artificial Life.
You can make the video below play full-screen by clicking one of the buttons on the toolbar.
The video is available on Youtube as well. https://youtube.com/watch?v=pZpcGwWfRBE
A high quality version can be downloaded here (mpeg4, 1kbps, 74megabytes)
A (0.5 gb) DVD quality version of this video is also available for the asking.


Municipalities are increasingly strained on time and budget. Literature also shows that the second most expensive item on a typical municipality’s budget is street lighting. After analysis, many cities across the world have resorted to incorporating light-emitting diode (LED) street lighting technology for its benefits.
Before the new LED lighting technology, fluorescent and incandescent lights dominated the residential and commercial lighting scenes. Today, no other lighting technology is as popular as LED. From longer lifespan to incredible energy efficiency, LED lighting technology offers a wide range of improvements to the earlier technologies.
Below is a quick look at five advantages of LED street lights.
1.Higher Energy Savings
Replacing traditional street lighting with LED technology has the potential to bring higher energy savings, and there are numerous cases around the globe to demonstrate that.
LED lights use about 75% less energy compared to traditional forms of light. Unlike the older lights, LEDs generate photons instead of using filaments that must be burned. Only 5% of the energy they consume is lost as heat; the rest goes into generating light. This minimal wastage of energy is the biggest reason LED street lighting is better than traditional lighting.
Incandescent street lights have a filament that glows only after it has absorbed current. Only 10% of this current is converted into light, with the rest being lost via thermal radiation. The CFLs are not much better either because they lose approximately 80% of the drawn energy as heat.
2.Lower Maintenance Costs
Looking at the initial cost alone may be misleading, but the total overhead cost gives a clearer picture of these advantages. LED street lights minimize maintenance costs from the moment you install them.
Why is the maintenance cost for other lighting options so high and incomparable to the LED option? Regarding lighting maintenance, three elements come into play. The first is the replacement cost for fixtures and bulbs, the second is the warranty protection, and the final one is the labor cost as you replace the lights.
For the LED Street light, these elements are almost non-existent. This has a huge bearing on the maintenance cost considering that something like labor tends to cost a lot for lights.
The average operation demand for street lights is about 4,000 hours/year, yet most conventional lights can work for 20,000 hours. In five years, these lights will need replacement. A replacement has its related costs including late night work and lane closures. A typical LED street light has about 100,000 hours of service life!
3.Better Lighting Quality
For street lights based on yellow sodium technology, the shift to LED street lighting has more meaning than just aesthetics. Research has shown that safety on the street is extensively improved. The driver’s peripheral vision increases, so there is improved safety. On the same note, people perceive yellow light as unsafe compared to white light.
Even more practically, the optical improvement from LED street lighting is substantial. An even illumination on the surface means that light pools and dark spots are eliminated from the street. Traditional lighting technology is usually unable to achieve the even lighting that LED lights are known for.
The optical precision of LED lights is unmatched. Unlike most traditional lights, LED street lights have minimal light encroachment and any other form of light pollution.
4.Extensive Operating Temperature Range
If your weather is typically cold, you can comfortably use LED street lighting. Forget about the other lights that take ages to warm up or switch on. The LED lights work excellently even in cold weather because they turn on easily within a wide temperature range.
Even in cold weather, quality LED light gives impressive results because it is capable of dissipating heat easily. You only need to choose a light that has a reliable heat dissipation design, something you can confirm from the temperature indication in the product’s datasheet.
The temperature range for LED lights of –25F to 140F means that these lights are applicable for indoor and outdoor use in any country.
5.Controllable Brightness and Intelligent Networks
LED street lights have the advantage of turning on and off instantly without the danger of degradation. These lights are popular for their instant brightness, but that’s not the only advantage offered by the reliance on an electric current.
These lights can operate anywhere within the range of 0-100% of rated power. As long as the lights are equipped with dimming hardware, they can dim as required. Note that this design is LED-only meaning that you cannot get this benefit from conventional street lights.
A related advantage is that when the street light operates at less than full brightness, energy efficiency is achieved. The life of the bulb also increases. Some street lights, for instance, metal halides, lose efficiency with lower brightness. In many instances, you won’t even be able to dim the lights.
Do you want to augment these advantages even more? Add controls and intelligent networks to the lighting system. The lights can become part of effective municipal management of essential services such as traffic flow and parking.
In the battle pitting different street lighting solutions, innovation and technology usually come out tops. LED street lighting is better in almost every aspect. The energy-saving, low-maintenance, and eco-friendly popularity of LED lighting is enough for a big competitive advantage over traditional lights.
If you are interested in more information about professional LED lighting and how it wins against other technologies, feel free to contact us anytime.


Machine Learning Frameworks
The Importance of Machine Learning and Deep Learning
At Whitewood Media, we understand the importance of staying ahead in the rapidly evolving field of machine learning and deep learning. As more businesses and industries embrace the power of data-driven decision-making, it is crucial for developers and data scientists to be well-versed in the latest tools and technologies. In this article, we will explore the 10 best machine learning frameworks for 2023, providing you with the necessary knowledge to make informed choices for your projects.
Evolving Applications of Intelligent Software Solutions
Machine learning and deep learning have become indispensable components of modern software development. With applications ranging from image recognition and natural language processing to recommendation systems and autonomous vehicles, these frameworks have transformed the way we approach problem-solving. As the demand for intelligent software solutions grows, developers must constantly update their skills and knowledge to remain competitive.
A Comprehensive Guide of ML tools and frameworks
Selecting the right machine learning framework for your project is a crucial decision, as it can significantly impact the efficiency, scalability, and overall success of your work. To help you make the best choice, we have compiled a comprehensive guide that covers the key features, benefits, and use cases of the top 10 machine learning frameworks for 2023.
Machine Learning Frameworks: Comparison Table and FAQs
As you read through our guide, you'll find a detailed comparison table that makes it easy to scan and compare the different frameworks. Additionally, we have provided answers to frequently asked questions related to machine learning frameworks, so you can better understand the context and nuances of this rapidly evolving field.
|No.||Framework Name||Types of Features||Benefits||Cons||Uses|
|1||TensorFlow||Deep learning, flexible||Comprehensive library, multi-platform support||Steep learning curve||Image recognition, NLP, time series|
|2||PyTorch||Deep learning, dynamic graphs||User-friendly, excellent debugging capabilities||Less mature ecosystem||Computer vision, NLP, reinforcement learning|
|3||Scikit-learn||Traditional machine learning||Simple, easy-to-use, extensive documentation||Limited to basic ML||Classification, regression, clustering|
|4||Apache MXNet||Deep learning, multi-language||Scalable, hybrid frontend, dynamic computation||Less popular||Image recognition, NLP, recommendation systems|
|5||Keras||High-level neural networks API||Simplifies building and training deep learning||Limited customizability||Rapid prototyping, deep learning models|
|6||Caffe||Image classification, CNNs||Fast training, optimized for image classification||Limited to CNNs||Image recognition, object detection|
|7||Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK)||Various neural networks||Seamless Azure integration, distributed training||Less user-friendly||Speech recognition, image classification, NLP|
|8||XGBoost||Gradient boosting||High-performance, scalable, widely used||Limited to boosting||Structured data, Kaggle competitions|
|9||LightGBM||Gradient boosting||Efficient large-scale boosting, high performance||Limited documentation||Large datasets, ranking, classification, regression|
|10||Theano||Symbolic expression manipulation||Efficient deep learning model implementation||Development discontinued||Research, deep learning model implementation|
This table summarizes the key aspects of the 10 best machine learning frameworks for 2023, including the types of features, benefits, cons, and common use cases.
10 Most Popular Machine Learning Frameworks
To harness the power of machine learning and deep learning, developers need the right tools and frameworks. In this article, we explore the top 10 machine learning frameworks for 2023, which will help you stay ahead of the curve in software development. Each section highlights key features to make it easy to scan and find the best fit for your projects.
1. TensorFlow: Flexible and Comprehensive Deep Learning
- Open-source machine learning framework developed by Google
- Flexible architecture for deploying computation across multiple platforms
- Extensive library and support for deep learning models
- Suitable for research and production
2. PyTorch: Dynamic and User-Friendly Deep Learning
- Python-based deep learning framework by Facebook's AI Research lab
- Flexible, dynamic computation graphs for recurrent neural networks
- Easy to use, excellent debugging capabilities
- Integration with popular Python libraries like NumPy
3. Scikit-learn: Versatile Machine Learning in Python
- Python library built on top of NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib
- Wide range of machine learning algorithms (classification, regression, clustering, dimensionality reduction)
- Simple and easy-to-use framework for traditional machine learning tasks
- Strong community and extensive documentation
4. Apache MXNet: Scalable and Multi-Language Deep Learning
- Supports multiple programming languages (Python, R, Scala, Julia)
- Efficient scalability for small and large-scale projects
- Hybrid frontend and dynamic computation graphs
- Powerful tool for researchers and developers
5. Keras: High-Level Neural Networks API
- User-friendly, high-level neural networks API in Python
- Compatible with other deep learning frameworks (TensorFlow, Theano)
- Simplifies building and training deep learning models
- Excellent choice for beginners and experts
6. Caffe: Fast and Robust Image Classification
- Developed by the Berkeley Vision and Learning Center
- Optimized for image classification and convolutional neural networks
- High-speed training for large-scale image datasets
- Robust community with pre-trained models and support
7. Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK): Seamless Azure Integration
- Open-source deep learning framework by Microsoft
- Supports various neural network types and distributed training capabilities
- Seamless integration with Microsoft Azure cloud platform
- Ideal for developers using Azure services
8. XGBoost: Optimized Gradient Boosting for Tabular Data
- High-performance, scalable gradient boosting library
- Wide range of machine learning algorithms (gradient boosted decision trees, linear models, ranking algorithms)
- Effective for structured and tabular data
- Widely used in Kaggle competitions
9. LightGBM: Efficient Large-Scale Gradient Boosting
- Gradient boosting framework by Microsoft
- Designed for distributed and high-performance computing
- Improved efficiency over traditional gradient boosting methods
- Ideal for large datasets with millions of rows and thousands of features
10. Theano: Symbolic Expression Manipulation for Deep Learning
- Python library for symbolic expression manipulation
- Enables efficient definition, optimization, and evaluation of mathematical expressions
- Suitable for implementing deep learning models
- Strong community and extensive documentation
By understanding the key features of each machine learning framework, you can make an informed decision about which one is best suited for your projects. Stay ahead of the curve and unlock the full potential of machine learning and deep learning in 2023.
Frequently Asked Questions about Machine Learning Frameworks
Q1: What factors should I consider when choosing a machine learning framework?
A: When choosing a machine learning framework, consider factors such as ease of use, flexibility, scalability, support for various types of algorithms, compatibility with other libraries or frameworks, and community support.
Q2: Are there any free or open-source machine learning frameworks available?
A: Yes, many machine learning frameworks are available as open-source projects, such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, Scikit-learn, Apache MXNet, and Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK).
Q3: Is Python the best programming language for working with machine learning frameworks?
A: Python is a popular choice for working with machine learning frameworks due to its simplicity, readability, and extensive library support. Many machine learning frameworks, such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Scikit-learn, are Python-based. However, some frameworks like Apache MXNet and Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit support multiple programming languages.
Q4: Can I use multiple machine learning frameworks together in a single project?
A: Yes, it is possible to use multiple machine learning frameworks in a single project. For example, Keras is a high-level neural networks API that can be used with TensorFlow or Theano as backends. Additionally, some machine learning frameworks are designed to be compatible with others, allowing you to mix and match as needed.
Q5: How can I stay updated on new developments and updates in machine learning frameworks?
A: To stay updated on new developments and updates, follow the official websites, blogs, and social media channels of the machine learning frameworks you are interested in. Additionally, join relevant online forums, communities, and attend conferences to learn from experts and peers.
Q6: What is the difference between traditional machine learning and deep learning?
A: Traditional machine learning focuses on using algorithms to learn from data and make predictions or decisions. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, uses artificial neural networks to learn from vast amounts of data, enabling the model to make more accurate predictions or decisions. Deep learning is particularly effective for tasks like image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition.
Q7: Can I use a machine learning framework without any prior knowledge of machine learning or deep learning?
A: While it is possible to use a machine learning framework without prior knowledge, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the basics of machine learning and deep learning concepts. This will help you understand the underlying principles and make better use of the framework's features. There are numerous online resources, tutorials, and courses available to learn about machine learning and deep learning fundamentals.


Joe Farman died in Cambridge on 11 May 2013. His name is unknown to most people. He was a British physicist who along with fellow researchers, Brian Gardiner and Jon Shanklin, caused a sensation when they published their findings in Nature in May 1985 revealing that the levels of ozone above the Antarctic had fallen by about 40% between 1975 and 1984. This had caused a very large hole (more correctly a reduction in the concentration of ozone) to appear in the ozone layer, a thin layer in the earth’s stratosphere which absorbs virtually all the ultraviolet rays from the sun which are harmful to life.
The hypothesis of ozone depletion had been put forward in the 1970s but had been dismissed by NASA scientists after satellites failed to substantiate the loss. Since 1957, Farman and his colleagues had been looking at atmospheric data collected by the British Antarctic Survey station at Halley Bay, Antarctica, using old-fashioned devices like weather balloons and a Dobson meter, a rudimentary ozone measuring machine that had to be wrapped in a duvet to work properly. At first the figures were questioned, even by the team. Perhaps the discrepancy was just above Halley Bay? Measurements were taken 1,000 miles further north, but these showed the same result? Why had NASA’s satellites not picked up the anomaly. Much later and to NASA’s embarrassment, the data had been collected by the satellites but had been overlooked.
The British team also demonstrated that the ozone depletion was not a natural occurrence but the result of reactions triggered by man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere. This led to the 1989 Montreal Protocol, the international agreement to control and phase out global production of CFCs and other ozone-damaging chemicals which had been used in refrigerators, spray cans, and solvents.The ozone layer is slowly repairing itself but it will not return to its early 1980s state until 2070 due to the long life of CFCs. After the discovery, Farman became an energetic advocate for environmental concerns, criticising governments for their naive approach to scientific research. His final research trip to Antarctica was in 1990, shortly before he retired. Thereafter he cycled daily to work in Cambridge University’s Department of Chemistry, and latterly was a consultant to the European Ozone Research Unit. The discovery of the hole is widely accepted as one of the biggest environmental discoveries of the 20th century.


From Aristotle`s Ethics: Science, Art, Wisdom and Listening
15th century Manuscript
34.5 x 25 cm
Musée Condé, Chantilly
The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion is an interdisciplinary research enterprise based at St Edmund's College, Cambridge. In addition to academic research, the Institute engages in the public understanding of science and religion
Amongst the fascinating lectures available in podcast form are those on Astronomy and Biblical events.
Professor Sir Colin Humphreys is Director of Research in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge and has delivered a number of lectures on the following topics:
They are interesting as the Professor demonstrates how Science can come to the aid of upholding the historicity of Jesus and events narrated in Scripture.
There are also many lectures by John Charlton Polkinghorne KBE FRS (born 16 October 1930). He is an English theoretical physicist, theologian, writer, and Anglican priest. He was professor of Mathematical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1968 to 1979
Some of his lectures include:


Designed in conformance with the Small Form Factor Pluggable 20-pin Multi-Source Agreement (MSA), Ethernet OAM Smart SFP™ provides Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) tools for Service Activation Test and Service Level Assurance in Carrier Ethernet network.
Ethernet OAM Smart SFP™ uses standardized protocols and tools to monitor and troubleshoot a network:
The integrated OAM capabilities are complemented with Gigabit Ethernet wire speed throughput with a low latency. By reducing system and network complexity, Ethernet OAM Smart SFP™ offers lower carbon footprint and brings CAPEX and OPEX savings.
An API and SNMP MIBs are available to facilitate the integration in existing equipment and management systems. The Saturn Management gateway provides a highly scalable platform for configuration and monitoring of all service parameters.
Ethernet OAM Smart SFP™ is available in a wide range of optical and reach applications: duplex, single, or bidirectional with reaches up to 80 km in versions for Link OAM, Service OAM Inititiator, Service OAM Responder and Multi-Service including Service Activation Test loopback.
For more information, please fill in the form below:


Smart technology helps you to advance your living space into the future. If raising your home to the next level seems like a great thought, then it might be time to purchase smart appliances. While they might sound like something from a sci-fi movie, they deliver a ton of of benefits!
From refrigerators with a camera to bluetooth coffee machines – smart home appliances provide all kinds of features. What they all have in common is that they’re specially manufactured to help with your routine at home.
Interested in reading more about how smart appliances work? Then please read onto find out all of the advantages that smart appliances offer. Searching for smart appliance repair? The smart choice is Palmer Appliance Repair.
Smart appliances are available in a range of residential devices and are meant to use digital technology to perform their functions quickly, using less energy at a far cheaper cost. These machines can typically be operated from one convenient, central system such as your cellphone or a remote. Overall, they add convenience and additional control to any home.
Curious whether these smart machines are really worth the cost? Here are some of the advantages of having them in your home.
An extra level of convenience in your living space is the main benefit of using appliances with smart technology. Smart appliances can generally be controlled via your phone or voice, allowing you to control them easier.
Smart kitchen appliances, for example, make your life much easier as far as anything culinary. You are able to command an oven to preheat with just your voice or program your fridge to tell you what kind of food you need. There are even coffee makers that can be controlled from your bedroom, and robot vacuum cleaners programmed to automatically sweep the carpet.
Whatever appliance you decide to buy, convenience is the primary goal.
Smart appliances sync with the internet via wi-fi, and they require a constant connection. Plus, some are made with Bluetooth connectivity. This helps you to operate them through a secondary device – something you can do remotely with your mobile phone.
If you have multiple compatible appliances, you might be able to sync them to a smart home network. This is helpful for creating a totally functioning smart home.
Backed by digital technology, these types of appliances are extremely energy-efficient. They even monitor energy consumption and provide feedback on the findings. Not only this, but they can even alert you if something goes bad with the appliance too and if it needs professional repair.
While investing in the technology for your home may be a little more expensive initially, you can save plenty of money in the long run with their energy-efficient features.
Besides the fact that smart appliances offer a wide range of advantages, they’re fun machines to have in your house too! For example, refrigerators can provide a grocery list and even recipes based on the contents of the refrigerator. You can even buy a cooking pan that will tell you when to flip the food, guaranteeing the best temperature.
Now you can see, it’s possible to feel like you’re living in the future by using some of these gadgets. If you love the latest technology and the latest trends, then buying smart appliances is a must.
Not only does digital technology make your appliances easier to control, but it also allows you to do even more with them. For example, you can own a smart oven with a camera to recognize the kind of food that you put into it. The oven will then adjust the temperature to cook the food perfectly to your taste!
Being able to control your appliances from absolutely anywhere is one of the most popular benefits of smart technology. Because these machines use internet connectivity, you can control them via apps on your mobile phone.
Even if you are in the car you are able to turn on your robot vacuum cleaner at home so you come back to a clean carpet. You may also take a look at what is inside your refrigerator with your phone camera to see what you need when you are grocery shopping.
Usually, it takes a while before you determine what is broken on your home appliances. However, smart technology informs you right away if anything is going wrong. Of course, the faster you find out about problems the better.
In some cases, a notification is sent to the appliance manufacturer who will then send over a repair estimate. In other cases, appliances will first notify you and then shut off if they detect a power surge, your freezer will notify you it needs to be defrosted, etc. Any possible issue with your appliance can be handled immediately before it turns into a serious problem.
Smart appliances could seem like expensive purchases, but they will actually save you a lot of money. By being energy-efficient, as well as notifying you of issues, you can save money on unnecessary bills. In the end, they can free up your budget to spend it where you need it most.
There is little doubt that smart technology is a big part of our day to day lives, and there are plenty of advantages to embracing it in your home. Simple household items, such as sauce pans and utensils have been updated with smart technology, increasing convenience and value like never before. As these appliances provide you with greater automation, you can do even more around your house using a low amount of energy at a lower cost.
If you like digital technology and how it can improve your life at home, then it could be time to update your home with smart home appliances. For the best take on the future, build a connected smart home with devices that are all compatible with each other and will work together to make your lifestyle at home much easier.
Copyright ©2024  Palmer Appliance Repair


This is the supporting web page for our paper titled "Generating synthetic time series to augment sparse datasets".
This paper has been accepted for publication to the ICDM 2017.
Example of a generated synthetic sample (right) for Cylinder class of CBF dataset (left) by averaging a set of time-series taken from the class:
We used the 85 datasets of UCR Archive.
The detailed results where we ranked each synthetic sample generation method with 2 to 6 samples available per class are available here.
All the plots for the experiments where we progressively augmented the number of samples available are available here.
The detailed results where we doubled the size of the full training with synthethic sample are available here.
The software is developed in Java and the source code of our method can be downloaded here : download the source code (TimeSeriesGenerator.java) (Tools.java)
It requires The Apache Commons Mathematics Library.
We will release it open-source upon acceptance of the paper.
Last update : May 2017


Wherever possible we will always try to advise our clients towards the most cost effective low energy solution, benefitting both them and the environment as a whole.
Predominant saving can be made through the installation of low energy lighting where typically low energy light bulbs yield a saving of around 80% in comparison to conventional light bulbs and can last up to 15 times longer. Lighting utilises roughly 25% of the power generated nationally so you can help by installing low energy and power saving light bulbs.
Just changing a convential lightbulb to a low energy option could cut energy wasteage by 75% and save £9 on your energy bill. There are numerous options including compact fluorescent and LED light bulbs which both offer appreciable energy savings. LED bulbs afford the greater saving by consuming less energy and lasting longer at approximately 60,000 hours, however a greater initial investment is required.
We would be happy to discuss any requirements you may have and advise accordingly. Please contact us to discuss your needs.


- Color code and beep features will display the accuracy of the milk temperature: Red light (too hot, will have 3 beeps), yellow light (milk formula can be added, with 2 beeps), and green light (ready to drink with 1 beep).
- Color code is a visual cue, beeps provide an auditory cue, and the temperature display is helpful for those who struggle with discriminating hot/cold.
- View video for full explanation on the product.
- The Platform
- Flat and simple which can benefit an individual with limited hand function to transport the bottle easily on and off the device.
- Individuals do not need to manipulate any buttons to operate the device. This could be beneficial for anyone in saving time and to efficiently check milk temperatures.
- This device is small, portable and easy to transport.
- Other Considerations
- Holds all types of bottles.
- Does have specific settings if the milk is at room temperature or retrieved from refrigerator.
- Battery operated, and is fully automatic.
- Task of changing batteries could be cumbersome for an individual with decreased hand function.
- Does not specify of how to clean device.
Unique way to check the temperature of the bottle contents prior to feeding child. Illuminated with colored display providing visual cues making it easy to read.


Xiaomi Mi A1 Features!
Responding to the expectations in terms of portability with a length of 155.4 mm, a thickness of 7.3 mm and a weight of 165 grams, the Xiaomi Mi A1 models impress with their robust body. The smart mobile phone, whose cover and frame are made of aluminum, pleases those who aim to create visual integrity with the devices they use with different color options. The device, which leaves no room for security concerns thanks to the fingerprint reader located on the back cover, promises a pleasant phone experience with its LED notification light and illuminated capacitive keys. Offering uninterrupted use to its owners throughout the day, the product makes a difference with its 3080 mAh Li-Ion battery that can be charged from the USB-C port and reaches full charge in a short time with its fast charging feature.
Xiaomi Mi A1 provides the best viewing of digital content with its 5.5 inch wide IPS LCD screen. The 2.5D curved screen with Full HD resolution can be used easily in open areas or in high-light environments with its brightness of 450 nits. The phone screen, which creates a complete multimedia content with a 1000:1 contrast ratio, is scratch-resistant with Corning Gorilla Glass 3.


Upgrades are now available for Viewsonic V35 and V37 Pocket PC devices here. Orders can be placed online or printed and sent in. There appears to be a free upgrade available for a limited time for devices recently purchased.
On the note of Viewsonic and the PPC devices, I need to use the opportunity to say how happy I am with the 802.11 SDIO wireless network card that I recnetly purchased. The card is amazingly small, easy to install, and works remarkably well. It performs way better that a similar compact flash card that I have for another device. If you're looking to network a V37 or similar device, this card is highly recommended.


About This Image
This image was taken with a film camera in color and then scanned to make a digital print. The image was first inverted then desaturated using the Green Channel only. It was then re-inverted and solarized and finally converted to a greyscale image at 13.2 MB and sized at 330x4200 pixels with a resolution of 300dpi. Printed on Epson velvet fine art paper on an Epson 2200 printer and printed using black ink only.
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The world today has become lot advanced than someone had ever thought of. The fantasies are becoming realities day by day. There is enormous development in the technology. There are many technological advances that have made the life of the people simpler. There is enormous development in every part of the technology. The more and more use of devices with latest and enhanced firmware can be seen in the market. There are more dependencies on the internet and devices for listing music, watching videos and connecting with people in your life. The most urgent matter that you should know is that all these modern things have made people life lot simpler. Getting information today is lot easier process than the one used in older days.
Now, while relaxing on your bed using your mobile phone or tablet, you can easily get news and information that you want. All this is done by wowza and wowza hosting is very reliable.There aremuch advancement in the field of technology. The development of tablet computers was laid forward by Apple Inc. The development of iPad has delivered an excellent source of getting information to the people. The other tablet computers are also present now days. Various manufacturers are making the tablets for people use. There are lots of mobile phone manufacturers that are manufacturing tablets. This has leaded the changes in whole internet systems. The use of internet before tablets was done by extremely few devices. The computers were the best devices having internet connectivity with all the best methods of rendering websites. Only computers had the tendency to get media information from the internet in terms of stream. But as the technology rose, the introduction of the flash contents was done to them.
There are several mobile phones that are now capable of playing videos and audios like computers used to play. For computers, there are many web browsers such as Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, which have totally changed the way website were rendered. These have provided and interface where many new languages can work. The introduction to new HTML 5.0 has also made a significant change in the internet working process. There are many things that have change in last few years. You can see many websites have changed their design and have become more advanced. All this has also made the rise in media servers.


Ultimum Cloud Compute is an Infrastructure as a Service. We offer on-demand computing resources, provisioned and managed via web interface or APIs.
The service is based on cutting edge cloud platform with no proprietary hardware or software requirements and the ability to integrate with legacy systems and third party technologies. It is designed to manage and automate pools of compute resources.
Ultimum Cloud Storage is a distributed storage system for static data such as virtual machine images, photo storage, email storage, backups and archives. Unlike traditional file systems, data are saved in multiple copies.
Objects and files are written to multiple disk drives spread throughout servers in the data center to ensure data replication and integrity across the cluster. Should a server or a hard drive fail, system replicates its content from other active nodes to new locations in the cluster.
- Unlimited cloud storage
Store and archive large amounts of data - pay only for what you use.
- Hard drive and node failure agnostic
Reliability and data redundancy protecting from failures.
- No central database
Higher performance, no bottlenecks.
- Web based access
Upload and download objects through our web based management console.
- Scalable architecture
Grow as you need.
- Built-in replication
3x data redundancy.
- Standardized API access
Connect and manage objects with standardized Swift API.
- Universal storage
Use with Ultimum Cloud or any other cloud supporting Swift API.
Fast, reliable and secure connection to anywhere in the world, powerful software-defined networking abilities.
With both top class international and national connectivity partners we can guarantee you low latency and high throughput connection to any location on earth.
The Appstore service offers a selection of commercial product licenses that you can use in a cloud environment as well as a number of pre-built and pre-configured operating system images ready to be used.
Powered by OpenStackTM
Ultimum Cloud is built on the OpenStackTM, the fastest developing open source cloud platform of today. With significant support of big hardware and software vendors, the OpenStackTM is becoming the leading cloud platform of the future.
The following table shows the OpenStackTM Icehouse projects currently offered in Ultimum Cloud.
Eight-core Intel E5 series processors with dedicated ECC RAM from Fujitsu offer higher performance than most other providers. Top quality connectivity to every part of the world. By using multiple connectivity providers, minimum latency is achieved. Ultimum Cloud also offers sophisticated functions of virtual networking, such as specification of own firewall rules in the virtual network.
Cloud computing is often perceived as something connected with security risks. With proper approach and security-aware development, Ultimum Cloud is not only as secure as a physical environment, but we take advantage of hierarchy of well-developed layers and cutting-edge technology to deliver cloud services with absolute and real security.
Our innovative, systematic approach and technological know-how built on OpenStackTM platform allows us to provide top-class Cloud solutions and services with high added value to all our customers over the long term. We offer cutting edge features such as snapshots of running servers, OpenStackTM API, Amazon API, S3 compatible object storage and more...
Cloud servers you can launch and terminate any time you want. Multiple server types with net time based pricing. Accessible through both web interface and standard API.
Redundant, scalable object & block storage. Provides scalability, redundancy and durability. Allows for saving snapshots of running cloud servers.
Provides high-quality connectivity from Ultimum Cloud to the rest of the world. Offers cutting-edge Software Defined ("Virtual") Networking technology.
Provides a selection of commercial product licenses. Provides a number of pre-configured operating systems.


This is a data descriptor paper for a set of the battery output data measurements during the turned on display discharge process caused by the execution of modern mobile blockchain projects on Android devices.
An Overview on Blockchain for Smartphones: State-of-the-Art, Consensus, Implementation, Challenges and Future Trends
The blockchain technology is currently penetrating different areas of the modern Information and Communications Technology community.
Blockchain Technology for Smartphones and Constrained IoT Devices: A Future Perspective and Implementation
This is a data descriptor paper for a set of the battery output The blockchain technology is currently penetrating different sides of modern ICT community.
The system is based on three types of users: (i) solver (PoW); (ii) holder (PoS); and (iii) publisher (PoA). None of those could act as another which is achieved by cryptographic and technical methods. The following describes how the blockchain operation is divided by those nodes. Note, none of the types can form the blockchain independently.


Congratulations on winning 2023 CHINA CYCLE Innovation Award
The China Cycle is one of the largest and most influential bike shows in the world. Themed "Safer, Smarter and Lower Carbon," the 31st China Cycle was held at the Shanghai New International Expo Center from May 5th to 8th, 2023. This year, VINKA brought a lot of eye-catching products to the show, which attracted many attention from customers and audience!
As a leading high-tech R&D and manufacturing company, VINKA drive system covers a wide range of motors with different parameters such as light weight, high torque, high power and magnesium alloy, which are favored by customers.
2023 CHINA CYCLE Innovation Award
In the "2023 CHINA CYCLE Innovation Demonstration Exhibition" held by the organizer during this exhibition, VINKA VBOX20 stood out itself and won the "2023 CHINA CYCLE Innovation Award" after the expert group's strict review of design, function, market and innovation, etc. The Innovation Demonstration Exhibition is one of the key events held during the China Cycle Expo and has been successfully held for 12 times since its inception. VINKA is once again demonstrating our brand power and product power to the industry and beyond this year.
The AI e-Bike VBOX is an e-Bike electronic control system that perfectly integrates artificial intelligence and IoT technology. The system captures data from the e-Bike’s built-in sensors in real time and uploads the data to the cloud through edge computing with a high-tech chip processor. In the cloud, the data is analyzed and calculated by more powerful intelligent algorithms to provide cyclists with quality riding experience and safe and convenient services.
Equipped with VBOX, VINKA AIoT Max System realizes the interconnection between electric bikes and smart devices, which cyclists can realize remote status and remote control of the e-Bike. With the help of VBOX, new functions such as OTA, Geofence, Battery Notifications, Anti-theft Alert and SOS have been added to the original IoT solution.
The award for the VBOX also demonstrates to the industry VINKA's representative and cutting-edge R&D design in the e-Bike AIoT.
VINKA appreciates the industry's attention and recognition, and will continue to make efforts to provide customers with smarter and more drive systems in the future. If you are interested in us, please feel free to contact VINKA, looking forward to hearing from you!