Q. Whether the Novus Ordo, being self-defined as a memorial meal, is by this fact incapable of effecting a valid consecration in itself?
A. It is essential to any Sacrament that it be a sign; by Christ's institution it is essential to the Mass, according to which it is a rite, that it be a commemorative ritual of consecration. Now since it is essential to a Sacrament that it be a sign; if the nature of the signification of a Sacament be altered the essence of the Sacament must be destroyed; for what signifies another is not the same sign, unless one speaks of equivocal signs.
But the Mass, as instituted by Christ, is of its nature equivocal; but equivocation is twofold, according to affirmation and according to negation; according to affirmation when one thing signifies two or more potentially complementary truths, according to negation when they do not. The former befits the Creator in revealing; the latter the evil one in deceiving. This is clear from the deposit of faith, where the verser of Scripture themselves have many layers of signification, all of which are true; and from experience, where charlatans use one sense of a sign against another to work a crime.
As instituted by Christ the Mass signifies both a Sacrifice and a Sacred Meal; and these two are complementary, since the Meal exists as a consequent of the Sacrifice; and not only as a consequent but as a proper and necessary means of participating in the fruit of the Sacrifice. Hence any sacramental ritual that contains such a twofold signification of sacrifice and consequent meal sufficiently retains the nature proper to the ritual instituted by Christ and therefore, mutatis mutandis, is capable of effecting a valid consecration.
Since the Mass of Paul VI is self-defined as a memorial meal, inasmuch as the Mass as a Memorial Meal is not opposed but rather complementary as a proper consequent to the Mass as a Sacrifice, such a self-definition is not opposed to the proper signification, strictly speaking. And this is especially true since things for us are rightly defined by their effects and consequents, since these are nearer to us that the causes. However for this to be in accord with truth it is necessary that the one aspect not be accompanied by a denial or studied silence of the other. To preach the Gospel in part is not infidelity, so long as one intends to preach the whole Gospel at the proper and necessary time. Now since the Catholic faith in the Mass is more immediate to the efficacy of the Rite by reason of its immateriality and presence in the soul of the minister, when it is present, a deficient self-definition is not sufficient to render its enactment of the consecration invalid at all times and in all circumstances, since what is not adverted to is not intended; and the minister being subject to vertibility and frailty is does not in actuality at all times and places conform his intention with the definition in the introductory of the Missal; if he were however, and this to exclude separate the one aspect from the other, and hence destroy the proper signification of the Mass as a Meal consequent to the Sacrifice, he hence does not do what the Church intends, and hence the ritual is not efficacious, since signification is essential to any Sacrament; and with the signification changed the Sacrament is destroyed. To this extent, and in this manner, such a deficient self-definition is at the very least dangerous to the proper signification of any actual use of the rite; but whether this infact occurs is heavily dependent on the dispositions of the minister, since the deficiency of itself is not in itself contradictory of the proper signification, as stated above.
Q. Whether the capability of a rite to effect a valid Sacrament is sufficient for catholicity?
A. What is Catholic is what pertains to the Mystical Body of Christ as universal; and for this it is necessary that a thing be in identity to the Church. Now to be in identity to a thing is to be in accord with the reckoning of its principles. Moreover the principles of the Church are first all nations, as matter, being the potential membership; and for this is required that a thing be complementary to human nature itself; second, the profession of the faith and morals taught by Christ, as the form, which necessitates reference to an infallible teaching authority handed down throughout the ages; third, Christ Himself, as founder, being the efficient cause of the Church Herself, and for this identity with the sacramental institution of Christ is a prerequisite; and fourth, the honor and glory of God, being the end for which Christ established His Church and directly all His acts and works.
Now a rite which is capable of effecting a valid Sacrament is one which is not opposed in the matter and form of the sacramental rite; the matter of the rite is all the things and actions which it contains; the form of a rite is the signification it proposes. The matter of a sacramental rite requires that the minister does what the Church does; the form of the sacramental rite requires that the faith of the Church in doing what She does is, at the very least, not contradicted or polluted by those which effect the rite. Hence for a capable rite there is required at least the form and matter of the Sacrament as instituted by Christ and promulgated by the Church, not without those things which are not opposed to a profession of Catholic faith in the Sacrament. Hence a mere and bare enactment of the sacramental formula and valid sacramental matter is sufficient for a valid sacramental rite in itself, prior to a consideration of the necessity of the minister intending to do what the Church does. And there being no other accompanying circumstances or things to oppose this, the rite in of itself is catholic since such is in identity with the Church according to matter, form, founder and purpose, as is clear from a simple application of the above principles.
But although a thing in itself may be catholic, for this to be sufficient in relation to others, it is clear from above, that it is required that its use and or accompanying circumstances do not oppose this; and hence it is that the Church has wisely provided for rituals to accompany and expound the riches granted Her by Her Lord and Founder, so that in the execution of His command to remember and sanctify, that which He gave might be fruitful in those recieving it by reason of their proper disposition.
That a recipient of a sacrament be properly disposed there is necessary faith and penance, charity and cognition of the sacramental reality, at least in adults. Faith so that what is given is received by a mind capable of it; penance that what is given is not unjustly received, charity, that what is given is not unfriendly received, cognition that what is given is not ignorantly received. The first requires that the recipient profess the entire Catholic faith at least in toto, without any pertinacious denial; the second that sorrow be expressed for what is lacking; the third that conformity of wills is manifested with that of Christ; the fourth that the same which is given is the same which is actually accepted.
Wherefore the traditional rituals of the Church expressed openly what Christ taught, especially in regard to the Sacrament to be recieved; demanded a recognition by the recipient of his own unworthiness; moved him to charity for God both for His own sake and out of gratitude for His largess; and finally, awakened him to the mystery to which becomes a participant through the rite.
Now since the honor and glory of God is the end or purpose of the Church, what pertains to this is intrinsic to what it means to be Catholic; hence what is more in harmony with this principle is more catholic, and what diverts from this is not catholic.
Moreover what is in harmony with a thing promotes it; and what diverts from a thing is an obstacle to this promotion. Hence even a sacramental rite that is sufficient for a valid consecration can be reckoned more or less catholic or opposed to catholicity according to this measure.
Hence it is that all that accompanies a sacramental rite instituted by Christ be an ecclesiastic ritual which expressed the faith of the Church purely and accurately; and that fraud be avoided this must be done in harmony with Scripture and Tradition and in a manner at least as clear as precedent forms; it must be a ritual that demands the recognition of fault and unworthiness, and hence must explicity require the confession of sins and the recognition of original sin, and their punishment; it must be a ritual that moves the recipients to charity for God and Christ, and hence must be commemorative of the great deeds He has done in saving us unworthy sinners; and it must be a ritual that fosters the actual cognition of the Sacrament for what it is at the moment it is received, and hence it must require that it be given in a manner that makes visible the faith and penance and charity which the recipient must have.
Hence it is that a rite capable of effecting a valid confection of a Sacrament is not sufficiently catholic in of itself, without the fulfilment of these effective characteristics.
Q. Whether the Rite of Paul VI is suffiently Catholic?
A. This must be addressed in regard to each sacramental rite. For brevity sake the Novus Ordo Missae will be the confine of the present response.
It sesms that the Novus Ordo Missae is not sufficiently Catholic; and this for the following reasons:
1. It does not express the Catholic Faith in regard to the Mass purely and accurately since it is silent as regard the propitiatory value of the mass, and at least in comparison with the previous litugrical form it is of much less clarity,
2. While it retains a shortened Confiteor, nearly all other parts of the ritual, which formerly where frequently intersected with expressions of the unworthiness of the minister and recipients, of sin, punishment, the Fall and man's inability to repent by his own power, are greatly diminished as can be seen by any linguistic study of the two rituals,
3. While the New Rite does not lack the aspect of the memorial meal, whereby it does efficaciously move minister and recipients to acts of charity for Christ; nevertheless this is greatly reduced by its emphasis on the horizontal dimension of the ritual enacted, especially through lack of genuflection, silence, and orientation to the Tabernacle, and the sign of peace immediately before communion.
4. It avoids the fostering of a proper cognition of the Sacrament in the recipient, in that it
a) hides the Mystery of Transubstantiation by communion in the hand, communion while standing, and lay and diaconal eucharistic ministers,
b) hides the inferiority of man by eliminating the division of the sacred and profane (sanctuary and nave) via the altar rail, the reversal of the minister from versus tabernacle (God) to versus populum, and the unworthiness of man, by reducing the first confiteor and eliminating the second, leaving the recipient to remain kneeling and in silence for long periods during the rite, etc.
c) encourages emphasis on love of neighbor in that it proposes a community meal, rather than on love of Christ Crucified, present before, above all, and at the center of all else; and this is manifest most of all in the removal of the Tabernacle,
d) indisposes the faithful by a much reduced opportunity to practice mental prayer in meditating on the Passion of Christ during the rite
In conclusion, since what is catholic is essential to the very nature of the Church, a rite that is not sufficiently catholic cannot avoid being detrimental to the unity, faith, morals and salvation of the members of the Church. It is therefore a very grave danger to the commong good of the Church; and therefore all the members of the Church have the right and duty to oppose its propagation and continued domination. Indeed this right and duty pertains to the very essence of their fidelity to Christ as Catholics; and hence may be regarded as the hallmark of their own catholicity, inasmuch as they properly understand what it means to be a catholic.


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I received a letter from a very old friend whom I have not spoken to for 25-27
your email about needing support. I am going to help, and see how it goes from
I enjoy reading your reports, and I support
what you are preaching! I do have a slight problem with name calling and a few
of your statements on politics, but I will leave that up to you! (You could explain
a little to me about the name calling!) I do believe street preaching is the Bible
way to spread the Gospel! It is too easy to hide on the inside 4 walls of church
You may remember me from your past! I
used to hang with you and Steve in State College back in the 70's.
have a real problem with where to give! A watered down Gospel is no Gospel at
all. Please use my gift as God would have you! Thanks and God bless!
I well remember you. Those are days that will always stay with me. I
have come back to where I never should have left. I also have been running into
quite a few people from that time period. It is good to hear from you. I think
my last remembrance is visiting you at your new house in Boalsburg. Am I correct
or was that someone else?
I really appreciate the help you sent and the
promise to help more. It came at a time when the enemy was wearying me with accusations
that God would not provide. I thank the Lord for you.
About name calling.
I will tell you all about it. Let me first say that over the years, even though
I was not full time in the ministry, I was continuing to learn many truths. The
Lord taught me for 23 years mostly out of Matthew 10. It is hard for me to imagine
how much God showed me out of that one chapter. To me it may be the most important
chapter in the Bible concerning street preaching. The entire chapter covers when
the Lord sent out the disciples to preach. In it, He told them what to expect,
He told them what He desired the preaching to do, He told them what His purpose
in the preaching is.
Jesus was not the one to pioneer name calling. The
prophets did that. God, through the prophets called Israel stiff necked, rebellious,
whores, wicked, and perverse, to name a few. But Jesus also called people names.
Mt 15:26-27 But he answered and said, It is not meet to
take the children's bread, and to cast it to dogs.
And she said, Truth, Lord: yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from their
Mr 7:27-28 But Jesus said
unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's
bread, and to cast it unto the dogs. And she answered
and said unto him, Yes, Lord: yet the dogs under the table eat of the children's
These are not the same incident. In
Matthew it was a Canaanite woman, and in Mark it was a Syrophenician woman. Jesus
in both instances indicated He was sent only to the lost children of Israel. Was
he being mean in referring to them with the pejorative "dogs". To this
day, in the middle east calling someone a dog is considered an extreme insult.
MT 17:17 Then Jesus answered and said, O faithless
and perverse generation, how long shall I be with
you? how long shall I suffer you? bring him hither to me. (Also Lu 9:41)
this instance, Jesus called His own disciples faithless and perverse. Apparently
He was also angry at them. The phraseology "how long shall I suffer you"
indicates that He was very annoyed. Other translations use the word "endure
MT 16:23 But he turned, and said unto Peter,
Get thee behind me, Satan: thou art an offence unto
me: for thou savourest not the things that be of God, but those that be of men.
Jesus called Peter Satan, and that Peter offended Him. He was not addressing Satan,
because the next sentence can only be understood as being said to a man. Satan
never savors the things of God NOR of man. It can only have been made to the man
Joh 8:44 Ye are of your father the devil,
and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning,
and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh
a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.
8:55 Yet ye have not known him; but I know him: and if I
should say, I know him not, I shall be a liar like unto
you: but I know him, and keep his saying.
Jesus was calling the scribes and Pharisees murderers and liars.
MT 15:7 Ye hypocrites, well
did Esaias prophesy of you, saying,
Also MT 16:3, MT 22:18, MT 23:13
-15, MT 23:23,25,27,29, MT 24:51, Mr 7:6, Lu 6:42, Lu 11:44, Lu 12:56, Lu 13:15)
Apparently Jesus really liked the name hypocrite. He used it all over the
Lu 24:25 Then he said unto them, O
fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken:
MT 16:4 A wicked and
adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there
shall no sign be given unto it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas. And he left
them, and departed.
MT 16:8 Which when Jesus
perceived, he said unto them, O ye of little faith,
why reason ye among yourselves, because ye have brought no bread?
6:70 Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve,
and one of you is a devil?
Ye fools, did not he that made
that which is without make that which is within also?
the word translated fool is aphron:
878. afrwn aphron, af'-rone
1 (as a negative particle) and 5424; properly, mindless,
i.e. stupid, (by implication) ignorant,
(specially) egotistic, (practically) rash,
or (morally) unbelieving:--fool(-ish), unwise.
11:44 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for
ye are as graves which appear not, and the men that
walk over them are not aware of them.
there is the big smack down in Matthew 23.
MT 23:17 Ye
fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gold,
or the temple that sanctifieth the gold?
MT 23:19 Ye
fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth
In this passage, the word translated
fools is quite a bit stronger. It is moros.
3474. mwrov moros, mo-ros'
probably from the base of 3466; dull or stupid
(as if shut up), i.e. heedless, (morally) blockhead,
(apparently) absurd:--fool(-ish, X -ishness).
word means BLOCKHEAD. Moros is the same root from which we get moron.
from Greek mo-ros
1 usually offensive : a mildly mentally
2: a very stupid person
Jesus called them morons! I am
sure that this list is not exhaustive. In addition, the apostles also called people
Ac 23:3 Then said Paul unto him, God shall
smite thee, thou whited wall: for sittest thou to
judge me after the law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the law?
Ac 13:10 And said, O full of all subtilty
and all mischief, thou child of the devil, thou enemy of all righteousness,
wilt thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord?
necessity of using hard hitting words is in the commission to preach.
58:1 ∂ Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet,
and shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins.
are required to spare not. That means do not soft peddle, do not soften
the blow, do not compromise in any way. We are not to fear them but to tell them
in as blunt of terms as we can that their sins will kill them. I usually choose
my words in such a way as to convey the maximum loathsomeness and perversity of
the sins that they do. I won't use terms like "promiscuous".
That is a euphemism. God uses the term whore. I won't use the term "gay".
I use the term sodomite. I want my words to carry with them all the condemnation
that the Bible heaps on those who do such things. I want my words to prick their
consciences. I want to awaken their consciences. I want them to know that what
they are doing to God and themselves by their sin is very grave. I choose words
There is another reason though,
and it is just as important as conveying uncompromised truth. It has to do with
Jesus' expected and desired results from preaching. When He sent them out in Matthew
10, He told them what to expect. They were to expect rejection, persecution, hatred,
beatings, and even death. But in telling them that, He also said that was the
MT 10:34-36 Think not that
I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword. For I
am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against
her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law. And a man's foes
shall be they of his own household.
I am come to..." This is of monumental importance in understanding the street
preaching ministry and what it is to accomplish in the world. Jesus said this
is what I came to do - to divide, to polarize, to separate God's people from the
world. There is very much to be said about this, but I don't want to cover it
What I want to focus on is the purpose
for name calling in the Division that the preaching is SUPPOSED TO PRODUCE.
It has to do with one of the major problems that the world is in. Most people
everywhere see themselves as good people that God loves. Most people in their
sins believe that God will not send them to Hell. They have believed the first
lie in the Garden - "You shall not surely die" - meaning that sin is
Consequently most people are comfortable
in their damnation. They see themselves as good people. That is the most dangerous
place in the universe to be. Condemned, headed for Hell, but convinced that they
are safe. Doubly damned. To the church of Laodicea, Jesus addresses this same
Re 3:15-16 I know thy works, that
thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot. So then because
thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth.
that? Jesus can work with hot. Jesus can work with cold. Jesus CAN NOT
work with lukewarm. As a preacher, since it is Jesus' stated purpose to bring
division by the preaching, I had to understand why Jesus used pejoratives when
addressing those whose hearts were self-righteous and confident of their own goodness.
A preacher can not force a man to make any
particular choice concerning salvation. The Bible says that it is out of the heart
are the issues of life. But what a preacher CAN do is to force a person to declare
the choice that is already in his heart. Since the most dangerous place in the
universe is that place of complacent lukewarmness, that is the last place I can
Whether they are leaning toward
salvation or away, I can not make one or the other happen. But by my preaching,
I can make them make the choice. The bad names fall into this category of action.
If someone decides to go toward the Lord, I push them in that direction. If someone
decides to go against the Lord, I push him even harder to force him as far away
from the Lord as I can. I can not leave them in the place where they think of
themselves as good little people without any danger.
want to elicit every speck of rebellion and hatred of God that is in their hearts.
I want to bring it out into the open. I want them to declare the fullness of the
evil that their heart is treasuring.
MT 12:35 A
good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and
an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things.
so doing, I am giving them the opportunity of seeing what really is in their hearts.
You see, they don't know what is there.
Jer 17:9 The
heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it?
forcing out what is really in their heart, they can no longer deceive themselves
that they are good little people that God loves and will not send to Hell.
use name calling to increase the offense and to drive them as far away from where
they think they are at. It does not mean they are lost. Jesus said,
6:37-39 All that the Father giveth me shall come to me;
and him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out. For I came down from heaven,
not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. And this is the Father's
will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing,
but should raise it up again at the last day.
What the offense does
is strip the sinner of self righteousness and get them moving. Get them out of
the danger zone! Remember that Jesus can work with hot and He can work with cold,
but He can not work with lukewarm.
Think of the name calling as one final
kick in the butt as I aim them down the road out of their complacency. If you
have any questions, please ask them and I will answer.


Jesus went to the cross because of the love He has for us and so that we would be saved. Saved from what you say? Do you believe that you donít need Godís free gift of salvation and heaven? Are you unsure? Well, how will you get to heaven?
You may think, ďI have done nothing wrong. Iím a good person.Ē That may be true. But we have ignored God and His loving-kindness. God provides for us, yet we have turned our back on Him and taken the credit for all we have. That is sin. We all need to recognize the need for forgiveness of sin. We have all sinned and fall short of the glory of God. (Romans 3:23)
God loves you and will forgive you. God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have everlasting life. (John 3:16) There is nothing you have done that is too big for God to forgive if you are sincere.
Sin separates you from God. Sin is self-serving and God will pass down judgment against sin. For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus. (Romans 6:23) Hereís the truth! Jesus Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and He was buried and rose again on the third day according to the Scriptures. (1Cor 15:3-4)
SO WHAT CAN A SINFUL PERSON DO?
You must turn and repent. Turn from your way to Godís way. Turn away from sin and self to Jesus. Repent therefore and be converted that your sins may be blotted out. (Acts 3:19) Donít try and fix things before you come, just come. (Romans 5:8) says, But God demonstrated His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners Christ died for us. God will give you the faith you need to move forward. You must trust Him.
God is calling you to be a part of His family. You can answer that call; ...if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead you will be saved. (Romans 10:9)
Jesus came that you may have life and have it more abundantly. If you understand what you have just read then simply say this prayer;
Thank you God for drawing me to You. Please forgive me of my sins. Please help me to live a life that is pleasing to You. I believe that Jesus is the Son of God and died for my sins. I will put my faith and trust in God. Thank you Jesus for my new life and saving me. Amen
This is the best decision that you could have made. You will still face some difficulties, but you now are a part of Godís family. Seek out a church that is preaching and teaching the true gospel. One that believes Jesus is the Son of God. You must receive the proper teaching to know what Godís plan is for your life.
** If you did not pray the prayer and still have questions please contact us:
Savior Of Sinners P.O. Box 75056, The Colony, TX 75056


Going toward the light
I was driving to work when God decided to have a talk with me. He seems to like it when I’m a captive audience.
“Hello son,” he said as he sat beside me, “What have you been up to?”
“You’re God,” I said, “Don’t you already know?”
“Yeah, but I like to hear you tell me.”
I sighed, and did. I finished about the time I pulled up to a red light and when I looked over at him, I saw he was unhappy. Considering what I’d said, I shouldn’t have been surprised. But he knew already and had watched me do it. I don’t see why telling him would matter.
“You know what you should be doing, don’t you?” he asked me.
I rolled my eyes. “Like you wrote the book on good things, anyway. How many people did you kill today, God?”
He didn’t lecture me on the foundations of the earth or the rings in the leviathan’s nose, he just sighed and looked out the window.
“You’d be better off if you just did what I wanted. I just want the best for you.”
“If you want what’s best for me, you could always make me do it.”
“I gave you free will for a reason.”
“You made me the way I am, set things up the way they are, and know everything I’m going to do. Next to all that, what does free will matter?”
“You can’t have love without choice.”
“What’s love got to do with it?”
The light turned green and I kept driving.
[Original title: Here in my car I feel safest of all]


The Tapestry Church
The Tapestry Church – Church in Richmond, BC – 9280 No. 2 Rd, Richmond, British Columbia. Read verified and trustworthy customer reviews for The Tapestry Church or write your own review.
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|Postal code:||V7E 2C8|
|Address:||9280 No. 2 Rd, Richmond, BC, V7E 2C8|
|Phone Number:||(778) 297-9400|
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|our tree, full of light and hope|
I've always loved Advent just as much as I love Christmas itself. Not Advent like going to church and lighting those candles on the wreath, but Advent in its purest sense: the anticipation and hopefulness that permeate this season. At this time of year, I feel a sense of hope and possibility that just isn't there the rest of the year. With Christmas coming, anything is possible. True peace and love and happiness for everyone: it's coming, it could happen! Something is coming to change the world! Is this how the shepherds and wise men felt? I like to think so; I like to think the atmosphere was just like the song "Do You Hear What I Hear?" where everyone spreads the word that "He will bring us goodness and light".
If only everyone could feel this hope and promise all year long, it might really come true. I don't mean that everyone has to believe in Christmas or be a Christian, but if everyone could believe in the possibility of peace; if everyone of all cultures could come together and see each other with love instead of fear. After all, the "3 Wise Kings" were men from a different culture who traveled far with the hope of a future filled with peace.
One of my favorite Christmas songs captures the feeling much better than I can describe, so please enjoy:
I love the part where they join together to sing: "Every child must be made aware / every child must be made to care / care enough for his fellow man / to give all the love that he can..." The imagery of David Bowie and Bing Crosby, who were so different, coming together to sing those words makes it even more powerful. This is one of my goals (or at least, idealistic hopes and wishes!) as a teacher and one of the reasons I feel that teaching culture is essential in the language classroom. I strive to help my students become aware of other ways of life in a way that leads them to respect others enough to treat them with kindness and love.
"Peace on earth, can it be?"


A Lesson From Moana’s Grandma
My mother died last week, the night before Thanksgiving. She lived a long and very full life, and she left that life reluctantly.
Mom was a practicing Catholic, so my family grew up with the typical Catholic imagery of life and death. Heaven or Hell and all that. In her very last days, Mom was unsure of what was coming. She expressed her doubts that she’d really be reunited with our Dad, who was the love of her life for over six decades. She worried that her death would be a true ending, and she held on tenaciously to every fading breath.


Pic from FreeDigitalPhotos.net
It’s that time of year again! Storefronts are donning pink and red hearts reminding us to stop in and buy chocolaty tokens of love for the special people in our lives.
Often when we think of the ones we love, a list of all the things we adore about them comes to mind. We admire their kindness and generosity or their fun nature and encouraging spirit. And let’s be real. Even physical looks play a role for some. The truth is what makes us “love” them usually boils down to what they do for us or how they make us feel. And there in lies the frailty of human relationship.
Thank God for the standard of love He has given us.
Our Father loved us before He breathed us in to existence. He loves us when we’re selfish, prideful and lost. He loves us when we’re ungrateful, unkind and unconcerned. God doesn’t require anything from us - there’s no possible way to earn God’s love. He doesn’t expect us to behave a certain way. He doesn’t even insist that we love Him in return. And it is no ordinary love that our God lavishes on us. It’s amazing, unwavering faithful love. The Lord Almighty loves you and me so much so that He willingly sent His Son Jesus Christ to be beaten, bloodied and bruised in our place. He allowed Jesus to be mocked and spat on for our transgressions. The unblemished Lamb of God was given over to a humiliating and excruciating death on a cross to pay our debt that we might become pleasing to a Holy God.
But it doesn’t stop there. In His omniscient nature, He thought of everything. Jesus didn’t die only to secure our eternal fate but also to provide a full life here in our home away from home. Full of meaning. Full of joy. Full of Love. God’s Word tells us how to access that fullness.
We know what real love is because Jesus gave up his life for us. So we also ought to give up our lives for our brothers and sisters. * 1 John 3:16
Now that we have tasted the real and glorious love offered by our Heavenly Father, we have a duty to share it with all of creation. Now that we understand what it means to truly love, let’s be love; be the Body of Christ. Without preference, fear or exception, show those within your reach grace, peace and kindness - the love of God. Let us exchange the world’s erratic and listless culture of love for a lifestyle of that enduring selfless, sacrificial love with which we were first loved.
That love is free. That love is real. That love is God.
Posted by Joi James.


Disciple Now is a local weekend retreat with students in grades 6- 12, from all over Cape County. Students stay with their friends in host homes of caring families from our church. Trusted small group leaders facilitate Bible study, prayer, relationship building and discussions in the host homes. The groups will travel to Crossroads Church (CR) with 100s of other students for dynamic worship led by Father of Lights and challenging messages from Brent Gambrell. We’ll have fun and games at the SportsPlex! Bring your sleeping bag, pillow, Bible, comfy clothes, personal items and your favorite soda to share!
February 2nd—Register and only pay $45 (Cost goes up to $60 after)
February 14th—Kick Off Rally & Concert 6:30– 8:00 pm at Crossroads Church (Go home!)
Friday, 6:00 pm Arrive at Host Home (Locations will vary) Travel to CR for worship and return to Host Home.
Saturday, 9:00 am-11:00 pm Bible Study, Worship and Sportsplex—return to host home.
Sunday, 10:30 am Worship at CR
12:15 pm Parent Pick up at CR
Crossroads Church 4400 E Jackson Blvd, Jackson, MO 63755
Host home information, packing list, schedule, student driver forms, time away forms and other information will be included in a DNOW Packet handed out prior to the event.


The good news of salvation is at hand, but how can they be saved if no one preaches? We need a lot of fishers of men to preach the good news of the gospel and spread the new evangelization. Every Christian is called to be evangelizers, it is our main duty as Christians, it is our calling, our mission in this world. To bring as many people back to God as long as we live. Just as Jesus called and commissioned the disciples, then the apostles, and in the present time, God’s calling have not changed, we are still commissioned to go out into the world and bring the good news of salvation.
We are God’s co-workers. We need to give out all our efforts and put our best foot forward. Do not be dishearten, and feel small and inadequate. For God uses ordinary people in extraordinary ways. God blesses us with the spiritual gifts and charisms to bring out the best in us in order to use us to preach the gospel. The Lord’s only requirement is our openness to God and willingness to be used by Him. If you are ordinary, then Praise God, for He called you to this mission!
Even as we individually evangelize, we need to realize that we are co-workers, and often this collective effort is what ultimately bears fruit. No one has a monopoly of gifts that are needed by the Church to carry on her mission. Just like Paul the apostle have said “there are different kinds of spiritual gift but the same spirit; there are different workings but the same God who produces all of them in everyone.” All of us are important in our call to evangelization, we have different tasks, and each tasks whether big or small is very important to our calling. Individually we fall short, but working together, united as one, our work bears much fruit, blessed by God.
Sometimes, even when we do our best and struggle really hard to evangelize, our efforts do not bear fruit. It is not because we did not give our best, but at times we are skeptical in our evangelization efforts. We neglect to pray and intercede for the people we are trying to evangelize. Let us all remember, that this is a spiritual war-fare, we are dealing with the evil spirits who are trying to keep these people in darkness, we need to strengthen our faith and pray harder for them. Are our evangelization efforts, simply inviting? Or are we praying for them to have their hearts open to God and be evangelized?
When we leave everything behind, our families and our work, and focus on our calling, we need not worry, for the Lord will take care of us and provide for our families. When we detach ourselves from the world, we attach ourselves more fully in Christ. When we serve Jesus, He serves us as well.
Let us strengthen our evangelization efforts my dear brothers and sisters, especially in our provinces, areas, and community. God has assigned them to us to evangelize, to bring back the lost sheep. It is a privilege to be called by God to evangelize. We are His instruments, we need not worry for the Lord will provide everything that we need in our mission, and when we do our best, the Lord will also bless our efforts with much fruit.


This will be our final post from Peru. The last day is always filled with raw emotion. We are nearing the time for our return to the States and a reunion with our American loved ones. Yet, we are also nearing the time for our departure and a goodbye to our newly made Peruvian friends. Most heart-wrenching of all, we have had our goodbyes with the precious little ones who call NLCH home.
The Lord has been especially kind to us before and during this trip, and we are certain He will continue to shine upon us in the days ahead. We will arrive with more stories than some will care to hear, but for those who will be willing to listen, we feel certain that God will touch your heart. Maybe...just maybe... if you listen closely, you will hear that still small voice that Isaiah heard as the Lord says to you, "Whom shall I send? Who will go for us?" This trip has almost come to an end, but the greater journey continues. The dates are already on the calendar for next year, and if the Lord wills it, we will return to Peru. Who knows, maybe you will be the one who writes this blog next time as you detail the work of the Lord for all to hear!
See you soon!!


Scripture: Matthew 10:32-39
“…No man, having put his hand to the plough, and looking back is fit for the kingdom of God.” Luke 9:62 (KJV)
Sometimes, we get so busy with the issues and cares of this world that we lose sight of our purpose on earth. We are caught up with our daily activities and relationships that we relegate what is most important to the background. As a Christian, your first priority should be to follow God.
Following God comes with focus and dedication. Sometimes, it may not be convenient for many
Scripture: Genesis 11:1-9
"... and this is only the beginning of what they will do. Nothing that they have in mind to do will be impossible for them!" Genesis 11:6 (ISV)
Feedback: Share your experience after sharing God’s word with another
At the beginning of each year, people make new-year resolutions. Some people decide to pursue a more serious relationship with God, pursue a career or work on a project. Some people even take it a step further by writing their decisions down,
Scripture: Matthew 18:15-17
“Be kind and compassionate to one another, forgiving each other, just as in Christ God forgave you.” Ephesians 4:32 (NIV)
A s humans, we constantly interact with one another with the view of achieving some predetermined objective which may result in unavoidable conflict or provocation. How we deal with such provocation is of utmost importance to the sustenance of relationships and the attainment of divine objectives even as a church.
Sometimes, when we offend others, we let our ego get in the way and it becomes difficult to apologize.
“…For I am not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.” Matthew 9:13b (KJV)
Jesus’ mission on earth was to save the lost and he acted strategically to accomplish it. He spoke to anyone even those widely considered unrighteous and unclean. His strategy yielded good results as many tax collectors and sinners came to Jesus and his disciples and accepted him as Lord over their lives.
Scripture: Matthew 8:5-13
“When Jesus heard this, he was amazed and said to those following him, “Truly I tell you, I have not found anyone in Israel with such great faith.” Matthew 8:10 (NIV)
Many believers understand the reality of faith but lack the courage to walk by it. It is impossible to receive anything from God without faith. No wonder Jesus Christ was quick to attribute some of the miracles he performed to the measure of faith demonstrated by the receivers.
“Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position. Do not be conceited.” Romans 12:16 (NIV)
The birth of a king should be one filled with a lot of pomp Tand pageantry but the circumstances surrounding the birth of the King of all kings depicts humility at its best. God could have sent his son Jesus into a royal family where he could have been surrounded by all the riches
Scripture: Matthew 1:18-23
“For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life” John 3:16 (NIV)
In the little town of Bethlehem a King was born that would change the course of the world. Under very unique Icircumstances God introduced his Son to the world to save mankind from peril. A virgin gave birth to a baby who would later be the savior of the world.
God loves man so much that he sacrificed his son for us,
Scripture: Matthew 10:24-28
“Pray also for me, that whenever I speak, words may be given me so that I will fearlessly make known the mystery of the gospel…” Ephesians 6:19 (NIV)
With the overwhelming advancement in modern communication technology, Christians today can easily reach out and preach to hundreds and thousands of souls but many believers fail to do so. Many are afraid that speaking up for Christ may have negative effects on their lives.
Scripture: Romans 5:15-21
“And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace is no longer grace. But if it is of works, it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.” Romans 11:6 (NKJV)
Feedback: Share how it feels to earnestly praise God all by yourself.
lot of times, we are tempted to think that our righteousness is a function of our ability and perceived Aholiness. Our righteousness, however, is like a filthy rag before God. We are who we are by the grace of God who loved us and gave himself for us.
Paul reminded the Romans of the depth of God’s grace and the free gift of righteousness by contrasting the work of Adam and that of Jesus.
“And the children of Issachar, which were men that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do.” 1 Chronicles 12:32a (KJV)
We live in a time bound earth, hence, we are time bound. Time is governed by certain laws. You must understand and master these laws if you must maximise your time. Time is universal for everybody. 24 hours is same in length and quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, as it is in Kiev, Ukraine. Time cannot be reversed or paused.
Scripture: Hosea 10:12-13
“Whoever sows to please their flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.” Galatians 6:8 (NLT)
Biblically, sowing means more than just an agricultural principle. It is a principle of give and take (Gal. 6:7).Those who sow in sin should expect to receive what sin naturally produces which is death. Whoever sows righteousness will reap what righteousness offers which is life.
Sowing is God’s principle.
Dear Children, let’s not merely say that we love each other; let us show the truth by our actions” I John 3:18 (NLT)
Practice what you preach” is a common phrase used by many to mean speak and act in unison. When you live “ contrary to what you preach, your words will have no effect. You may be unaware but there are people watching and observing your lifestyle.
Your complaint or anger at people’s behavior may not change their actions
“For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.” Matthew 6:21 (KJV)
Serving God with your money and possessions is an indication of a growing or mature Christian. This isimportant because God wants you to depend on him not on our money and possessions
The story of the rich man gives a clear indication of what God expects we do with our treasures. Although, the rich man observed all the laws,
“Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.” Romans 15:13 (KJV)
Humans are limited by time, space, the senses and knowledge. These limits make us oblivious to other things happening beyond our perception. Therefore, we need to believe and depend on the unlimited God to help us and then hope that things are working for our good (Jer. 29:11).
Hope is the patient anticipation of a favourable outcome.
For we are co-workers in God’s service...” 1 Corinthians 3:9 (NIV)
Paul told the Corinthian church that he had done his part by planting and Apollos had also done his part by watering the seeds he had planted, but it is God who ultimately gives the increase (l Cor. 3:6). This implies that we have to do God’s work before he can give the increase.
Scripture: Judges 20:26-37
“They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him.” Psalm 126: 5-6 (KJV)
Feedback: Share how studying the word of God daily makes you feel.
After the children of Israel were defeated twice by the tribe of Benjamin, they turned to the Lord for the third time. But this time they went to the Lord with fasting and sacrifices and when they did, they received God’s promise of victory (v28)
“…And the LORD said, Go up; for tomorrow I will deliver them into thine hand.” Judges 20:28 (KJV)
The children of Israel went out to war against the tribe of Benjamin because of their atrocity. Even though they sought God’s face before going into battle, they lost twice to the tribe of Benjamin. They, however, refused to become discouraged and they did not relent because they knew they were doing God’s will.
In the same way, you must not give up in spite of the challenges you are going through.
Scripture: Judges 20:1-14
“Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them” Romans 1:32 (KJV)
Iniquity abounds in the world today. People publicly and blatantly display evil yet many choose to support or stay silent about it. Some give the excuse that they do not wish to judge others and, therefore, fail to expose ungodly actions.
Scripture: Judges 2:1-5
“Therefore I also said, ‘I will not drive them out before you, but they shall be thorns on your side, and their God shall be a snare unto you” Judges 2:3 (NKJV)
The Bible says “he who is often reproved but refuses to listen will be destroyed suddenly, without any remedy. (Prov. 29:1). This is the consequence of refusing to obey God. This is because God will not often strive with man and may let go when we refuse to submit to his will.
Scripture: Judges 14:19-20
“And He gave...for the equipping of the saints for the work of ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ” Ephesians 4:11-12 (KJV)
The Holy Spirit has deposited in every Christian talents and gifts. These gifts only make meaning when they are used to impact others positively. It is crucial to use our good gifts to build and grow the church of Christ.
God, in his infinite wisdom, has distributed varying gifts to us as he sees fit so that together we can bring his kingdom to bear on earth (1 Cor. 12:1).
“For Mordecai was great in the king’s house, and his fame went out throughout all the provinces: for this man Mordecai waxed greater and greater.” Esther 9:4 (KJV)
The events around which our lives are woven are subject to God’s control. God sometimes permits pain, but he is able to transform the pain into joy as we rely fully on Him
Mordecai endured the loss of relatives and homeland. He had to adopt his cousin Esther and brought her up as his own daughter.
“And whatever you do, whether in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him.” Colossians 3:16-17 (NIV)
Purim is a Hebrew word meaning to cast lots. It signifies the day Haman had chosen based on the lots to wipe out the Jews. His plans were aborted by God after the Jews had sought the face of God. Their evil plan against God’s children became their personal experience.
“Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding”. Proverbs 4:7 (KJV)
Feedback: Share how favour declarations have impacted your life.
The need for information is very crucial in everything we do in life. Information is the building block for knowledge. With knowledge and understanding comes wisdom which is the principal thing (Prov. 4:7). God rejects those who reject knowledge (Hos. 4:6).
Scripture: Esther 4:10-16
"Do not eat or drink for three days, night or day. I and my attendants will fast as you do. When this is done, I will go to the king, even though it is against the law. And if I perish, I perish." Esther 4:16 (NIV)
Fasting with prayers is a spiritual exercise believers undertake that helps to physically tune the spirit above the flesh. Fasting and prayers engages and empowers the spirit.
Esther risked her life when she came before king Xerxes in his inner court to plead for the lives of Mordecai and the entire Jewish nation.
Scripture: Esther 4:1-4
Rebuke a wise man and he will love thee.” Proverbs 9:8b (KJV)
Every human being desires to be accepted, loved and respected in their environment. This need for acceptance, most times, drives us into presenting what we believe to be ‘acceptable’ behaviour or attitude. In a bid to display our ‘good’ side, we tend to hide what we consider our ‘bad’ side.
Esther naturally tried to cover up the ‘unacceptable’ appearance of Mordecai by sending him some fresh clothes
Scripture: Esther 3:1-6
“Come, let us bow down in worship, let us kneel before the Lord our Maker; for he is our God and we are the people of his pasture, the flock under his care.” Psalms 95:6-7(NIV)
Mordecai refused to bow down and pay homage to Haman. This is similar to the case of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego who refused to bow to the golden image the king had set up (Dan. 3:1-6). To the Jews, bowing down is a duty owed to God and a form of worship. Therefore, it is a big deal for them to prostrate before any other god or man. Being a Jew, Mordecai held on to this tradition
Scripture: Psalms 139:14-16
“Being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” Philippians 1:6 (NIV)
Have you ever seen one of those movies where the main character goes through series of painful ordeals and at the end of the film, all the challenges and struggles result in a happy ending? Everyone goes through seasons of disappointments and hardships. We all have unexpected setbacks.
Scripture: Esther 2:15-17
“Carefully determine what pleases the Lord.” Ephesians 5:10 (NLT)
Hegai knew exactly what the king wanted. While the other women were after what they could get, Esther went after what the king wanted. Esther asked for nothing more than what Hegai suggested (v15) This is the role the Holy Spirit plays in our life today.
Esther was able to recognize opportunities. She understood that Hegai should know
Scripture: Esther 2:8-15
“…and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God.” Romans 10:3 (KJV)
In the passage above, when it was the turn of a virgin to go before the king, she was given whatever she wanted and it was hers to keep. All the virgins asked for as much as they could have but Esther’s case was different. She asked for nothing other than what Hegai had recommended (v15).
Scripture: Esther 2:12-17
“So shall thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man.” Proverbs 3:4 (KJV)
Feedback: How does it feel sharing the word of God with others?
What is it that makes people select you even when you aren’t the most qualified? It is favour. Though you might have all the connections in the world, it is favour that helps you dig out the treasure that exists in such relationships.
Scripture: Esther 2:8-12
“The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but those things which are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of the law.” Deuteronomy 29:29 (NKJV)
Not everything is revealed to us immediately. Sometimes God hides things from us to protect us and other times he hides them to preserve them for us. Proverb 25:2 says “It is the glory of God to conceal a matter, and it is the honour of a king to find it out.”
Scripture: Esther 2:1-8
“…and make the most of every opportunity.” Col 4:5 (NLT)
Sometimes, we fail to recognize and utilize opportunities around us. Some may recognize the opportunity but refuse to take advantage of it because they are afraid of failure. Some wait for too long hoping for confirmation
Scripture: Esther 2:1-4
“But now, O LORD, thou art our father; we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand.” Isaiah 64:8 (KJV)
Names in the Bible often tell us something about the bearers. Two meanings of the name ‘Hegai’ are “meditation and separation”. With an understanding of these words, we could say Hegai was given to detail and focused. Hegai ran a beauty finishing school
Scripture: Esther 2:1-9, 17
“If you are willing and obedient, you will eat the best from the land.” Isaiah 1:19 (NIV)
Before we see increase on the outside, we need to make room for it on the inside. If you have a small vision, you will limit your life. God’s supply is unlimited, his blessings and promises of good are for all believers
Scripture: Philippians 4:2-9
“Since we are living by the Spirit, let us follow the Spirit's leading in every part of our lives.” Galatians 5:25 (NLT)
Sometimes, the intensity of our daily activities can distract us from noticing how much time we spend dwelling on spiritual matters. Some people go days without engaging with God
Scripture: Esther 1:10-17
“Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.” Proverbs 16:18 (NIV)
The name Vashti means goodness and beauty. A combination of these two qualities would suggest a concerned, thoughtful and humble nature. But Vashti is famously remembered for her pride
Scripture: 1 Corinthians 3:1-11
“For no other foundation can anyone lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ.” I Corinthians 3:11(KJV)
Feedback: Share how studying a chapter of the Bible daily empowered you.
Many people build on a foundation that is not Christ. Some build on the foundation of money; they will do nothing except it brings monetary gain to them. Some build on the foundation of their relationships or network; they bank and act on the words of individuals they trust even if they go against the word of God.
Scripture: 2 Timothy 2:14-19
“Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal; The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity.” 2 Timothy 2:19 (KJV)
The kind of structure or building we plan to put in place will determine the type of foundation to use. This is because the foundation itself will determine the strength, stability and longevity of the structure.
Scripture: John 10:22-28
“My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me:” John 10:27 (KJV)
The sheep is considered a very humble animal. It symbolizes meekness and that is why Jesus refers to his followers as sheep (v27). As his disciples, he expects that we follow his lead
Scripture: Matthew 6:25-34
“Take therefore no thought for the morrow; for the morrow shall take thought for the things of itself.” Matthew 6:34 (KJV)
There are many things in life that may cause us to worry. Decisions to be made on various crucial issues, bills to be paid, plans to be achieved and many others. The pressure to keep it all together can lead to worry,
“For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the Lord, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end.” Jeremiah 29:11 (KJV)
Today, there are so many advanced technologies to give you directions when you need to get anywhere. They can give directions but cannot guarantee safety. God does not only give us directions to follow, he also guarantees our safety.
“Behold, I will do a new thing; now it shall spring forth; shall ye not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert” Isaiah 43:19 (KJV)
God is sovereign, all knowing, all powerful and everywhere at the same time. No circumstance escapes his notice or gets out of his control. Nothing happens by chance because no detail of our lives eludes him.
“Today I have given you the choice between life and death, between blessings and curses. Now I call on heaven and earth to witness the choice you make. Oh, that you would choose life, so that you and your descendants might live” Deuteronomy 30:19 (NLT)
God created us in his own image and likeness but he also gave us a will and the freedom of choice. His desire, however, is that we choose the part that leads to life (Jn. 3:16)
“But if you refuse to serve the LORD, then choose today whom you will serve…but as for me and my family, we will serve the LORD” Joshua 24:15 (NLT)
Feedback: Share how you encouraged someone this week
The word of God helps us make godly choices in our lives. Abraham and Lot made different decisions in a conflict situation and they experienced different outcomes based on their decisions. Lot did not see the spiritual danger
Scripture: Galatians 6:1-10
"My experience shows that those who plant trouble and cultivate evil will harvest the same" Job 4:8 (NLT)
Reaping what you sow is great news for people who sow good deeds but a scary one for those engaged in evil deeds. Some people sow in the flesh while some sow in the spirit. You sow in flesh when you indulge and feed your fantasies like giving in to your anger, bitterness, and lust (Gal 5:19-21).
“Make the most of every opportunity in these evil days” Ephesians 5:16 (NLT)
Time is a natural phenomenon that God has apportioned to everyone in equal proportion. The old, the young, the poor, and the rich all have 24hrs in a day. But what makes the difference is the ability to manage this time well. Time is a resource that needs to be wisely and rightly invested.
“Am I now trying to win the approval of human beings, or of God? Or am I trying to please people? If I were still trying to please people, I would not be a servant of Christ” Galatians 1:10 (NIV)
Many people appear active and hardworking in service or their jobs whenever their leaders or bosses hover over them. They act diligently with the hope of winning the appreciation or applause of men.
“So be careful how you live. Don’t live like fools, but like those who are wise.” Ephesians 5:15 (NLT)
In our quest to meet our daily needs and desires in life, we can become insensitive to the leading of the Holy Spirit. The thoughts and pursuit of a better and more satisfying life engulf our minds at the expense of our spiritual growth and well-being.
“Truly I say to you, whoever says to this mountain, be taken up and be put into the sea; and has no doubt in his heart, but has faith that what he says will come about, he will have his desire.” Mark 11:23 (BBE)
Certain phases or experiences in life can be very puzzling and unsettling but no matter the heat, faith in God will bring you out. No matter the situation in which we find ourselves,
Scripture: Ruth 1:6-18
“Only be thou strong and very courageous…that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest” Joshua 1:7 (KJV)
Boldness is an attribute of the Holy Spirit. It does not depend on how much you have or who you are, but on who you are in Christ Jesus. When Ruth left Moab with her mother-in-law, she had no clue what the future held for her.


(December 15, 1802–December 4, 1887)
–schoolteacher and founder of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary—was born in Dublin, Ireland, the first of four children of Cornelius Clarke, a prosperous merchant specializing in harness and carriage leather, and Mary Anne (Quartermaster) Clarke, whose family had a Quaker heritage. Mary Frances said of herself that she "never went to but a penny school," but an aunt undoubtedly did some home schooling of the children.
On December 8, 1831, Mary Frances Clarke, Margaret Mann, and Rose O'Toole became members (tertiaries) of the Third Order of St. Francis. Eliza Kelly, already a tertiary, joined the group when they decided to live together in a rented cottage in the suburbs of Dublin. Their experience in commu nity living led to their decision to open a school, Miss Clarke's Seminary, in Dublin in 1832.
An Irish priest, Patrick Costello, recuperating in Dublin, invited the women to Philadelphia to teach Irish immigrants. The women, joined by Catherine Byrne, sailed to New York. They arrived on August 31, 1833, but dropped their money in New York harbor while disembarking. They continued to Philadelphia, where Terence James Donaghoe, pastor of St. Joseph's parish, assisted them with the process of becoming a religious congregation (November 1, 1833). The sisters opened two private schools and taught children in local parishes. For 10 years, the women taught in Philadelphia's anti-Catholic atmosphere. In 1843 Mathias Loras, bishop of Dubuque, invited them to Iowa Territory to teach Native Americans.
By that time, the fledgling congregation numbered 19. In 1843 they became the first religious congregation in the Iowa Territory. Working with Native Americans never materialized, but the sisters began opening schools almost immediately, serving the families of pioneer settlers, primarily farmer and lead miners. They first settled in Dubuque near the Mississippi River. St. Mary's Academy (eventually Clarke College) opened in 1843. In 1846 the motherhouse of the congregation was established on the prairie, about eight miles southwest of Dubuque, where it remained until 1893, when it was relocated to Dubuque. The sisters opened boarding schools and taught in parish schools in many towns in Iowa and Wisconsin. In 1867 they ventured to Chicago, where they taught in Holy Family parish at the invitation of Arnold Damen, S.J.
When Terence Donaghoe died in 1869, Mary Frances Clarke immediately had the congregation incorporated (1869) and began the process of getting papal approval. In 1877 Pope Pius IX issued the Decree of Approba tion, approving the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (BVM) for six years. On March 15, 1885, the Vatican gave final approval to the congregation's constitutions. At the same time, the BVM sisters asked that Clarke be allowed to remain the Superior General for life. The Vatican left that decision up to the bishop of Dubuque, who approved.
Remembered as a private woman, Clarke shunned publicity. When the congregation's records were burned in a fire in 1849, the sisters proposed that one of them write an account of the community's history, but Mary Frances Clarke forbade it, saying that no one would believe all that had happened in the early days. Her humility and spirituality come across clearly in her letters and in the remembrances of those who knew her. In addition, she was a woman with a keen mind, sound judgment, and good business sense.
Mary Frances Clarke was unusual in that she never had training with an established congregation before founding the BVM, and she never wore the religious habit, which members began wearing in 1853. She never expected others to do as she did. She had the freedom to be herself without imposing her spirituality or practices on others. From the life of this woman comes the BVM mission of "being freed and helping others enjoy freedom in God's steadfast love."
When Clarke took over the administration of the congregation after Terence Donaghoe's death, she expanded it. By the time of her death, BVM sisters staffed schools in 23 Iowa towns and in areas as distant as Wichita, Kansas, and San Francisco. The community's growth continued through the years to a membership of more than 5,000 sisters teaching in schools across the United States.
Sources Clarke's correspondence and community documents and records are in the archives of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dubuque. See also Kathryn Lawlor, ed., Your Affectionate: Com mentary on the Letters of Mary Frances Clarke (2003); Jane Coogan, Price of Our Heritage, 2 vols. (1975, 1978); Mary Lambertina Doran, In the Early Days: Pages from the Annals of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1925); Ann M. Harrington, Creating Community: Mary Frances Clarke and Her Companions (2004); and Kathryn Lawlor, ed., Terence James Donaghoe: Co-founder of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1995).
Ann M. Harrington
Harrington, Ann M. "Clarke, Mary Frances" The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa. University of Iowa Press, 2009. Web.
26 April 2017


The FOUNDATION of PraiseMoves is the Word of God which we speak aloud or meditate upon while doing the PraiseMoves postures.
“The healthful stretching postures are merely a “witty invention” to get us more into the Word of God – and to get more of the Word of God into us!” Dr Laurette Willis Founder of PraiseMoves
How is PraiseMoves different to Yoga?
Poses in yoga are offerings to 330 million gods
In PraiseMoves we are transforming our minds daily with His Word, not emptying our minds to be filled with satan's schemes
“And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God”
PraiseMoves gives us a 4 fold work out
Build strength and flexibility
Transformed by renewing the mind
Feeding our spirit on the Word of God
Building our relationship with the Lord Jesus Christ through His Word
Some benefits of PraiseMoves
Stay youthful for longer
Give people the opportunity to relax, rejuvenate, renew and restore
Peace through the Word of God
Build balance and flexibility
Greater sense of health and wellbeing
Promotes deep breathing
Decreases stress and tensions
Builds bone density
A PraiseMoves workout session combines strength and stretching postures along with gentle movements and Bible Scripture.
Sessions will build strength and flexibility, endurance and weight loss, while relieving stress, sharpen your mind and uplift your spirit.


Of course, when it comes to these issues of understanding ancient writings the bible is no different. In our last edition of Burning Book we saw this issue with the word "faith." This week, we're taking on the word "grace."
One of the most common ways that Christians describe God's grace is that it's a "free" gift. That is, it cannot be earned, merited or repaid. And it's given to undeserving people and there's nothing that they can or should do in return for it. It is non-circular.
The problem, according to John Barclay in Paul and the Gift, is that that is not what the Apostle Paul or his contemporaries meant when they used the word charis, which we translate as "grace!" In Paul's world "grace" could refer to many things, including:
1. A superabundance of something given ( a gracious gift could be a big gift)
2. The benevolence of the giver (a gracious attitude)
3. A gift that was earned but was still a gift (not an agreed upon payment, like an MVP award)
4. An undeserved gift (think of a judicial pardon as an act of grace)
5. A gift that was effective in obtaining its goal (usually a relational change)
6. The initiative of the giver in seeking to give the gift (grace belongs to the one who initiates)
However, you'll notice that what grace DID NOT mean in the ancient world was a gift that required no return. There was no such thing as a non-circular gift in the world of Jesus, Paul and the apostles. Every gift required a return, if not in material reciprocity, then in honoring the giver with recognition, elevated social status, and social and political loyalty. The ancient world, and certainly the Roman world, were built on this understanding of reciprocity in gift-giving and honoring.
Barclay says, "As depicted in this letter [Galatians], the grace of God is "unconditioned"(without prior conceptions of worth) but not non-circular or "unconditional," if that means without expectation of return. To the contrary, practice arising from and aligned to the truth of the good news is integral to what Paul means by "faith." (446)
God's gift to us (the undeserving) in the death and resurrection of Christ is the ultimate gift. This gift cannot be earned, but requires a return. We must renounce our own lordship over our lives and our own status, and give our loyalty to God (through Christ) in order to rightly receive the gift which is offered. The scandal of the cross is not that it's an unconditional gift with no strings attached, but that's it's offered to undeserving people (everyone!).
Obviously, this has some significant implications for how we think about evangelism, salvation and discipleship. If grace demands a return (hello repentance) then just getting someone to "accept" grace in one moment is not the goal. Rather, the goal is to help them take hold of the gift which is offered through a life of discipleship, meaning, a life of obedience to Jesus.
Barclay's book has some tough parts. But considering that we have more access to information and education than practically anyone who has ever lived, I challenge you to take on Paul and the Gift. It might take a while to work through, but is well worth the effort.


Founded in 1993, I Care San Antonio focuses on the difference one person can make in the lives of others.
The vision of I Care San Antonio is a community that shares the love of Christ and provides access to compassionate, quality eye care to all.
- Christ centered with compassion and respect for all.
- Medical best practices with integrity and excellence in all that we do.
- Develop relationships and partnerships to further our mission.
- Encourage service to others by providing volunteer opportunities.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
John McClung, Chairman
Brian Anderson, Chair Elect
David Byrd, PhD
Robert Rice, MD, Chief Medical Officer
Gary Lane, MD, Chairman, Medical Advisory Committee
Libby Bentley, Executive Director


The Christian Association of Nigeria has demanded that the Department of State Services (DSS) should tender a written apology publicly to four members of its Board of Trustees.
The security agency had arrested and detained a former Chief of General Staff, Lt.-Gen. Joshua Dogonyaro (retd.), representing TEKAN/ECWA chapter of CAN; a retired High Court Judge, Justice Kalajine Anigbogu, representing the Christian Council of Nigeria; Mrs. Osaretin Demuren, representing the Organisation of African Instituted Churches, and a former Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Mr. Tunde Lemo, representing the Christian Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria and Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria.
The Director of Legal and Public Affairs, CAN, Kwamkur Samuel, in a protest letter to the DG of DSS, obtained on Sunday, in Abuja, said the DSS should be cautious in the way it related to the ‘Body of Christ’ as its allegations against the association and the four individuals were ‘vexatious’
CAN said, “The DSS should be more circumspect in dealing with the Body of Christ in Nigeria, if not for any other reason, but to ensure and promote the confidence of the average Nigerian Christian in the government of the day.
“Regrettably, despite assurances from your operatives, led by the Director of Operations, who said that the invitation was only to interact with these distinguished Nigerian Christians and to seek their opinion and advice on how to address the lingering ethno-religious crises in Nigeria, it turned out that the main reason behind the invitation was your interest in the video jingle produced by CAN, with the slogan, ‘I CAN support’, to raise funds for the support of the church and distressed Christians in Nigeria.
“Having considered the negative effect of your interrogation ‘under caution’ of the distinguished members of the Board of Trustees of the CAN Trust Fund on the Christian community in Nigeria, the leadership of CAN, hereby, demands that a written public apology be tendered to these distinguished Nigerians.
“It was, therefore, shocking to hear from your establishment that those materials were made to incite violence in response to the attempted annihilation of the church in Southern Kaduna. With all due respect, such an analysis and conclusion were vexatious and very wrong.”


Hi interweb, can I rant about something for a moment?
A few years ago, something strange happened. I was assigned a new identity. I didn’t choose it. But it was given to me. I graduated from college in 2010 (at the young age of 20) and all of a sudden, I was… a single. I was no longer a college student, therefore, I became defined by my marital status. How strange.
I remember shortly after I realized that this identity had been thrust upon me, I was talking to a [recently married] friend and trying to explain the phenomenon. She was perplexed and didn’t know what that meant.
For a while, I bought into the identity. I would scour blogs and newspapers and books and the Bible for things that applied to me in my “stage of life”. I wasn’t dating anyone, and no one was really on the horizon, so I figured, I had better learn what this new identity meant so that I could live in it.
I’ve read some good things about singleness. Some really true things. I’ve also read some really damaging things.
Sometimes, I wonder if I would have struggles of loneliness if there wasn’t such pity from the Church toward me, as if the pity of the married masses somehow tells me that I am missing out on something that is infinitely greater than what I am currently experiencing. The evangelical community (I’m talking the big, political evangelical community, who I mostly don’t identify with) talks so much about “Christian family values” that I think they sometimes become an idol. And all that talk leaves me out– because I’m not a family; I’m just me.
But I think that in the grand scheme of things, my singleness does not define me any more than my work defines me, or where I live defines me, or my womanhood defines me, or my race defines me, or what clothes I wear define me, or what music I listen to defines me, etc.. Each of those things are circumstances or preferences. They are things that I need to explore and understand and be at peace with God about. But my identity is in Christ crucified. Completely. And if I get married, it still will be. And if I have kids, it still will be.
I think if people- married people, single people, divorced people- focused more on Christ and less on how to be a “good” wife or husband or single, the kingdom of God would be better for it. Maybe I’m wrong. I’ve never been married. So maybe when you get married, perspective changes. But at least right now, I don’t think it’s doing me any good to dwell on how to serve God in the midst of my singleness (as if my singleness is a battle that I’m fighting). I think I just need to dwell on the person of Christ and how I can serve Him. Period.


Solidarity Statement to the 51st International Eucharistic Congress<!
We, from the ranks of oppressed and marginalized, join the global fellowship in the ongoing celebration of the 51st International Eucharistic Congress here in Cebu. More than celebrating, we lock arms with the rest of humanity in renewing our faithfulness to the Eucharistic Commitment for which Jesus suffered and died.
As Cardinal Charles Maung Bo eloquently said in the opening Homily last Sunday, not only does the bread on the altar become the body of Christ, but so do we become one body affirming our faith to the dignity of life when we gather. We become one with the Lord, through His son, the Paschal lamb, in his work of liberation and redemption.
We agree on the immediacy of the Congress’ highest purpose which is to draw attention to the social dimension of the Eucharist in a world held hostage by corporate greed and imperialist idolatry. Indeed, it is difficult to talk of fraternal communion in a country where 70% of the population wallow in extreme want, while a slight segment lavish in naked affluence. It is preposterous to harp on equality when children are turned into sex toys, students deprived of education, workers looted of value of their labor, farmers robbed of their lands, and indigenous people and human rights defenders are executed, with impunity. We can see this scandalous reality right around us.
Yet, the Eucharist shines like a beacon of light in an ocean of hopelessness and pessimism. The Eucharist calls for justice. It demands for righteousness. Truly, “the Eucharist and the poor are inseparable,” as Cardinal Bo asserted.
And here lies the challenge to us, not just to delegates to the 51st International Eucharistic Congress. It is to channel our Eucharistic adoration to commitment to Christ’s mission. It is to bridge what Archbishop Jose Palma referred to as the “dichotomy between worship and life.” It is to transform our faith into action in the service of the anawim, the poor .


We love babies at Omega Church! Our carefully screened staff
of nursery workers are here to provide loving care for
babies while parents attend our Wednesday night and weekend
adult services. There is also nursery service provided for
the Oneighty Youth. We look forward to ministering to the
needs of every age group, including our littlest ones.
All of our classes provide a colorful, kid-friendly
atmosphere, where children can learn about the
goodness of God and how much He loves them.
Preschool classes are available for Wednesday night
and weekend services
King's Kids combines a fun classroom environment with
exciting Bible-based teaching for boys and girls ages 5
through 12. King's Kids meet every Sunday at 9:00 a.m. and
11:00 a.m., plus on Wednesday at 7:15 p.m. Kids will find
great games, interesting characters, fun-filled songs, and
more with each visit to King's Kids.
Every Wednesday night, San Antonio does a Oneighty. Service
begins at 7:15
pm. Each service is
a diverse blend of activity, meaningful messages, and a
real-life worship experience.


- good ground – a Bible study book series designed to give new ideas on how basic soil science principles can illustrate Christian living essentials and bring a fresh perspective on studying Scripture alongside creation
Volumes 1 and 2 from Northeastern Baptist Press NOW AVAILABLE to order from Barnes and Noble, Books a Million, Thrift Books, Book Depository, and other book distributors. Amazon links are listed below for ordering these books. Thank you.
here’s an excerpt from Volume 2
2. rooted: volumes 1 and 2
a Bible study book series with new ideas on how basic plant science principles can illustrate Christian living essentials and give a fresh look at Scripture when studied alongside science
“Sitting under Beth’s teaching was uplifting and enriched my soul. I was in one of her Bible studies in a very difficult and fearful time in my life but quickly knew that God had me in the right place. I was encouraged to know that “even if” one of my fears came true, that I served Yahweh and that He would never leave me nor forsake me! If you have the chance, I recommend taking the time to hear God through Beth.” (C.F.)


Our church, Second Baptist began with the thought that the lower part of Homestead was in need of a Black church. Clark Memorial Baptist Church, located on the hill was the only Black church in Homestead. God touched a local preacher, Brother Prince Cunningham in a vision in 1904, and a church in the lower section of town was started. This missionary church began with a few people and was located at 226 Sixth Avenue in 1905. This soul saving station moved several times and had several preachers in its beginning.
Rev. N.S. Lane
Rev. Z.A. Jones
Rev. J. D. Morton
Rev. O. C. Perkins
Rev. B. T. Crosby
Rev. D. P. Turner
Rev. Donald P. Turner’s tenure was for 48 years
Second Baptist Church of Homestead Pa.
108 West 12th Avenue
Homestead, Pa. 15120
Ph# (412) 461-8235 ~ Fax (412) 461-2845


VISION / MISSION
Steeple Square serves as a collaborative, inclusive center, providing an attractive hub for social life and community support while preserving its historic fabric and features. The repurposed campus will be an agent for positive change and a catalyst for restoring lives, neighborhood empowerment and community vibrancy.
WHO WE ARE
FRIENDS OF ST. MARY’S
Friends of St. Mary’s (FSM), the business operating unit for Steeple Square, is comprised of civic, non-profit, and community leaders working in partnership to develop affordable housing, jobs, educational training and recreational programs through the revitalization of the historic campus formerly known as the St. Mary’s Parish complex.
Steeple Square is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Our efforts are made possible by a broad community collaboration of dedicated public and private partners with proven track records of implementing innovative and transformative programs.
The buildings of the former St. Mary’s Parish Complex, now Steeple Square, display the proud history of a Roman Catholic parish whose history spans over 160 years. St. Mary’s parish closed its doors in June of 2010, and (with the exception of the former convent), and the buildings were largely vacant until Steeple Square was born and renovations to revitalize and reimagine the campus began in 2014.
Built as St. Mary’s Catholic Church between 1864 and 1867, the building quickly became a monument for the economic, social and educational achievements of its German immigrant parishioners. Today, this soaring landmark on the Dubuque skyline is being reestablished as a center for culture, community and education.


Edith A. Varner, 95 of Midland, died Tuesday evening, February 6, 2007 at Tendercare of Midland. She was born October 26, 1911 in Onaway, daughter of the late John and Anna (Portwood) Northcott. She graduated from Midland High in 1928. She married Leonard L. Varner on April 13, 1932. He predeceased her on October 14, 2001. She was a member of First United Methodist Church and had enjoyed sewing, knitting, crocheting, gardening, watching birds and squirrels. Surviving are her three children and their spouses, Duane and Mary Alice Varner, Judith and Jerry Hoffman, Janice and Charles Huff; grandchildren, Steven and Kathy Hoffman, Patrick Varner, Michael and Lorrie Hoffman, Kellie and Brian Somerville, Kathy and Mark Turnbull, Michelle Fradenburgh, Krista and Michael Kern, Vicki and Jim Foster, Curtis and Cheryl Varner, Chris and Rose Varner, Lori Varner; 17 great grandchildren and many nieces and nephews. In addition to her parents and husband, two brothers and two sisters, Fred Northcott, John Northcott, Maude Siefferly, Muriel Thomas and two great grandsons and one great granddaughter predeceased her.
Funeral services will take place at 11:00 a.m., Saturday, February 10, 2007 from the Ware-Smith-Woolever Funeral Home, 1200 West Wheeler Street. Rev. Dr. Charles Keyworth will officiate with burial in Midland Memorial Gardens Cemetery.
Edithís family will receive friends at the funeral home on Friday from 2-4 & 6-8 p.m. and on Saturday from 10:00 a.m. until time of service.
Those planning an expression of sympathy are asked to consider the First United Methodist Church or the donorís favorite charity.


The Ambassador of the USA in Bulgaria Herro Mustafa is spending her day in Nesebar!
Herro Mustafa decided to spend the Sunday with her children in the Old Town of Nesebar. Journalists saw her leaving the Church of St. John Aliturgetos, reports Flagman. According to unofficial data Herro Mustafa came to see how the 706 000 US dollars, granted to Bulgaria in 2014 for the restoration of this church, was implemented. The US Ambassador was fascinated by the church. She also liked a small museum in the Old Town’s center. Herro Mustafa is staying with her family at St. Stefan hotel, where she checked in at 6 pm yesterday. The Ambassador will stay in Nesebar until the end of the day, but it is still not clear whether she will meet the town’s mayor, Nikolay Dimitrov, who has been holding the position for 13 years.


After 21 hrs of flying, and about 30 hours of total door to door travel, Team Stafford landed back in the good ol’ USA.
PHEW…it was something of a journey with 5 kids, 10 bags, book bags, pillows, and ALMOST smuggled biltong 😉
Check out some of the travel pics…
After being home for a week and a half we’re adjusting to the time, routines, and life on the farm. It’s been great catching up with family and friends, and we’re grateful for have such amazing people here.
We also want to use this space to let everyone or anyone know that…
WE WANT TO SPEND TIME WITH YOU!!
The biggest reason we came back was to spend time with family, friends, and my business contacts… but we know how ‘busy’ everyone is, so we wanted to use this space to publicly declare…
This is an open invitation to get in touch with us to spend time together.
We want to know what’s going on with YOU, as much as we want to share our AMAZING stories from South Africa!!
We are going back to Cape Town in September to continue my ministry, Aubree’s ministry with the kids, and our families ministry to ANYONE we come in contact with! Starting in September will will also do more sharing (and possibly have a guest post from Micah ;)), to keep you up to date on what’s happening on the other side of the world!
What’s been ‘odd’ for us is sharing personal stories with people that we do life with…we know it’s part of our ministry, but it seems like sometimes oversharing, or forcing because it’s what we do on a daily basis…
But we’ll get over that and share MORE!
Now…back to US HANGING OUT….
Here’s how to get in touch with us:
Also, we want to share with you how much your interest, prayers, and financial support have helped us over the last 20 months in South Africa, but also how we want YOU to be a bigger part of what we’re doing.
And when I say ‘bigger part’ I’m not just talking about financially helping us (because we do need monthly help :))
I’m talking about being PART of what we’re doing!!!
So contact us TODAY so we can figure out when we can HANG OUT!!
All our best,
Brad and Aubree
Micah, Eliza, Abram, Eve, Susanna
As followers of Christ, I have always believed that it is our calling to help and serve others. It is our prayer that you, too, will be of service by donating to Shepherd’s Staff, an organization that sends missionaries outside U.S. to provide support to our fellowmen and empower the local church to fulfill the Great Commission. Here’s where you can become a MONTHLY donor to help us.
Your Financial Support Helps Change LIVES
P.S. Here are some recent pics from being home!!


493-553 Ostrogothic kingdom: the Eastern emperor Zeno, worried about the expansion of Odoacer in Illyricum, pushes the king of the Ostrogoths, Theodoric, to replace Odoacer with the title of magister militum. However, Theodoric’s formal dependence on the Eastern emperor does not prevent him from becoming independent of any Roman authority; the Ostrogoths, settled in Italy with a colonization that reaches a line that roughly goes from lands immediately N of Rome to an area north of the Gargano, respect the Roman civil administration, keeping their military government structure intact. It is therefore a sort of juxtaposition, which guarantees for a few years a coexistence between Goths and Romans, also thanks to Theodoric’s ability to choose Roman collaborators of considerable social and cultural level, such as Cassiodorus, Boethius, Fausto, and to maintain a good relationship with the Christian clergy.
535-553: Gothic-Byzantine war; the troubles that broke out between the Goths at the death of Theodoric for the assassination of Amalasunta, and the succession of Theodatus, the cowardly leader of the Goth nationalists, offer the propitious opportunity for the Emperor Justinian to recover the Italy from the Empire; the fierce war ends with the victory of the Byzantine general Narsete.
554 Justinian emanates the Pragmatica Sanctio which extends to Italy the imperial organization, reducing it to a simple province; the pope’s political power is developing in a context of power vacuum in the peninsula and outside Byzantine control.
569-774 Domination of the Lombards, who settled in almost all of the Italy northern, where they establish the capital in Pavia, in Tuscany around Lucca, in Umbria around Spoleto and in the Benevento area; the remaining part of Italy (Exarchate, Pentapolis, Rome, the Kingdom of Naples and the islands) is under the control of the Byzantines, with Ravenna as its capital.
End of the 7th century: the conversion of the Lombards from Arianism to Catholicism, begun by Gregory I, can be considered completed.
726-728: the pope’s resistance to the iconoclastic decrees of Leo the Isaurian spreads to the Italian Byzantine territories; the attempt of the Lombard king Liutprand to exploit the Byzantine weakening to extend the Lombard dominions clashes with the will of the pope; Liutprando renounces and submits himself to the pontiff with the donation of the castle of Sutri.
749-756: the successor Astolfo resumes the offensive against the Byzantines, who lose the Exarchate in 750, and against the pope, but Stephen II calls to his aid Pepin the Short, already recognized as legitimate king of the Franks by his predecessor Zacharias, and confers on him the title of patrician of the Romans, obtaining the promise of help to ensure the restitution of the former Byzantine territories of Italy from the Lombards. Pippin defeats Astolfo and donates the territory of the Exarchate and the Roman Duchy to the Pope, marking an important stage in the process of building the Patrimony of St. Peter, from which the State of the Church will later develop.
756-774: Desiderio, king of the Lombards, tries in vain to break the alliance between the Kingdom of the Franks and the Church and to avoid a new Frankish military intervention in Italy.
774: Charlemagne, king of the Franks, repeatedly wins the Lombards, conquering their kingdom.
Progressive replacement of the Franks to the Lombards in the political-administrative structures of the kingdom. Faced with a political fragmentation of the Italy In the southern part of the peninsula, an Italic kingdom endowed with wide autonomy, including legislative autonomy (Italic capitulars) was established. The Italian territory subjected to Frankish domination is organized into counties (instead of duchies), progressively granted to Frankish personalities linked to the sovereign by a bond of vassalage. The revolts of Rotgaudo and Stabilino da Treviso are repressed (776); Tassilone of Bavaria (787) and Arechi, Duke of Benevento (788) submit.
25 December 800: Charlemagne, king of the Franks, already awarded the title of patricius Romanorum, defender of Rome and the papacy, is crowned emperor by Pope Leo III. Charlemagne considers the imperial crown as an increase in his own royal dignity extended over several kingdoms, and as the symbol of a power of which religion constitutes a particular sector, according to the model of the rex et sacerdos. For the papacy, the Empire is a direct filiation of the Church, subordinated to it with political and military tasks. However, for a certain period the popes did not exert much influence in Frankish affairs.
In Lombard southern Italy, the principality of Benevento, favored by a prosperous economy, enriched by Byzantine influences and trained for the continuous state of war with the Italic-Byzantine cities of the coast (Naples, Amalfi, Sorrento), resisted the countryside of Charlemagne and his son Pepin, managing to retain substantial independence. But the division of the aristocracy into factions and the anarchist ambitions of the individual lords soon caused the principality to split into two political areas: the principality of Benevento and that of Salerno, to which the county of Capua was soon added.
823-844: after the elimination by Ludovico il Pio of his nephew Bernardo, son of Pipino, the Italic Kingdom is ruled by Lotario, son of Ludovico; with Lothair, engaged in the struggles with his brothers for the division of the Empire, the Kingdom loses its previous autonomy and importance; the Carolingian structures grafted by Pippin thus run the risk of being overwhelmed and the public administration becomes inefficient. In this period we are witnessing a process of formation of vast domains by aristocratic families, especially those who exercise public functions in the border marches, Friuli, Tuscia, Ivrea and Spoleto.
Taking advantage also of the divisions and the continuous struggles of the Longobard potentates, the Saracens undertake the conquest of Sicily (827), progressively driving out the Byzantines. Often called as mercenaries by the southern potentates fighting each other, the Saracens come to settle permanently in Bari, Taranto, Reggio; in 846 a Saracen band arrives as far as Rome sacking the basilicas of the Apostles.
844-875: reign of Ludovico II, son of Lothair, who in 850 was also crowned emperor, but due to the hereditary divisions of the Empire he was limited to exercising his authority over the Italic kingdom. His activity, aimed at reconstructing the structures of the Italian Kingdom, restoring its efficiency and asserting its authority in Rome and in the south, where it undertakes to expel the Saracens and establish a hegemony over the local potentates, restores union and prestige to the Kingdom. Starting from him, imperial dignity is inextricably linked with the Italic crown. On his death without direct successors, the papacy, by now strongly interested in the questions of the Kingdom, the comital aristocracy, strengthened in the process of merging the Italic agrarian structures and the feudal-vassallatic customs imported from beyond the Alps, and the Italic episcopate,
888: deposition of Charles the Fat, the last Carolingian king.
Berengario The Marquis of Friuli, Guido and Lamberto di Spoleto, then Berengario again succeed each other on the throne and fight each other, even reaching the imperial title, without ever being able to establish a politically and territorially compact body and without guaranteeing the authority of power public, involved in papal events which, parallel to the crisis of public power, gradually see the history of the Church of Rome marked by contrasts between factions of powerful local families who aim to control the papal throne as an additional element of prestige for a particular domination, on Rome and the immediate surrounding lands.
The crisis of authority of the Carolingian powers is accompanied by the social change in feudalism: new families give rise to dynasties such as the Canossa family; the jurisdictions undergo a territorial rearrangement; it resumes the Byzantine influence on southern Italy, which attracts the principality of Benevento under its influence without eliminating the Saracen danger; the Church is oriented towards the recovery of spiritual values, supported by figures of bishops such as Attone of Vercelli and Raterio of Verona.
926: an attempt to restore the royal authority is made by Hugh of Provenza, who tries to draw Rome into his power and has cordial relations with Byzantium. The too personal nature of his power and the inadequacy of the means with which he tries to dominate a fragmented and tumultuous political world make his enterprise fail under the pressure of the new aristocracy headed by Berengar of Ivrea, supported by Otto king of Germany.
951-952: Otto descends in Italy and is proclaimed king of Italy in Pavia, giving the investiture to Berengario. The latter, however, antagonizes Pope John XII, whom he recalls in Italy Ottone.
962: Otto I receives the imperial crown from the pope by joining the crown of Italy to the Germanic Holy Roman Empire.


My personal story
Life, Faith, Confidence
I have two teens that have been diagnosed with ADHD, my teen daughter has struggled the most, and I was diagnosed last year. ADHD is highly inheritable and the mental health and medical communities are just beginning to understand what it looks like in women and girls. It can cause anxiety, depression, self harm and suicidal ideation just to name a few. It’s been a long, winding, emotionally draining road for us. Through knowledge and understanding I've learned to give myself grace and permission to be who I am and who God has created me to be. I’m passionate about sharing my knowledge and experience to help you discover who you are and who you want to be.