I am delighted to welcome you to Our Lady and St Bede Catholic Academy. Choosing a secondary school is an important decision for all families. We want to share with you as much as we can about our school, to help you to make an informed choice. We think Our Lady and St Bede is an excellent choice of secondary school but to help you to determine this for yourselves, I encourage you to visit the school, meet the staff and the pupils, and learn more about the excellent, all round education that we offer. I also recommend that you talk to families whose children attend Our Lady and St Bede. I am sure that they will speak positively about their experiences.
Our Lady and St Bede became an Academy and part of the Carmel Education Trust in February 2015 and as a newly appointed Head of School, building on the existing strengths of the school and working alongside the Carmel Education Trust I believe we are at a very significant stage in the history of Our Lady and St Bede.
Our Lady and St Bede is a great place to work, first and foremost because of our fantastic pupils. The majority come from our four Catholic partner primaries and a sizeable minority from other schools across the town and beyond, including from overseas. The majority are Catholics but we welcome equally students from many Faith backgrounds. There is an excellent ethnic, socio-economic and academic mix in the school. The roll is around 700 and growing. For September 2015 we had a 30% increase of applications into the school; a strong sign of our standing in the local community.
Our Lady and St Bede benefits from having excellent staff, both teaching and support. We also enjoy a very strong partnership with our family of primaries, all of whom are fully supportive of Our Lady and St Bede. Links with parishes are strong as is our partnership with Diocesan and Local Authority schools.
We strive for excellence in all that we do, which of course, includes academic excellence. High standards of academic achievement are, however, just one element of our mission to provide our students with the best possible holistic education. Their all-round development is equally important. As a Catholic school, nurturing children’s spiritual development is central to everything we do. Pupils do not need to be Catholic to work come here but they do need to be committed to understanding and actively promoting the school’s distinctive Catholic/Christian ethos in their daily work. We have an excellent climate for learning in school. Students are extremely well behaved in and out of lessons. This is a key characteristic in the school’s on-going success and popularity with parents.
One unique element of Our Lady and St Bede and central to our ethos is our provision for pupils on the autistic spectrum. As a school we host a specialist unit for children on the ASD spectrum in the local area. We have a very strong reputation in this field and again this is a visible sign of our ethos in action for these children and families.
Finally, you are very welcome to Our Lady and St Bede. Please have a good look around our school, talk to pupils and staff and get to know what we are about. To help you further in your decision we would also like to invite any family to come and see the school in action.


"GPS to a Joyful Marriage", is a book that contains the basic information Rick and Sandee use in their seminars. It gives couples the necessary tools to direct them through the difficult times and supplies essential maintenance to keep the love alive. "GPS to a Joyful Marriage" can be purchased at www.crosslinkpublishing.com/shop/gps-to-a-joyful-marriage/.
Sandee has also written a seven week bible study for couples, "GPS to a Joyful Marriage Bible Study for Couples", that compliments the book. To order, go to www.sandeelester.com or contact Sandee at email@example.com.
"Resurrection Power for Marriage; Daily Supplement for a Healthy Marriage",is Sandee's latest book in ebook form. This book will supply you with daily inspiration and encouragement for your marriage and for your relationship with God. Filled with personal experience and bold honesty, the book also includes biblical insights as tools for a healthy marriage.
Often times, when I have no clue what to write on my weekly blog, I search through my notes and papers to find a great Bible verse that particularly touched me or a saying I may have heard from another source. God always leads me to just the right one. As I frantically searched for this week’s topic, uninspired by my own thoughts, I came upon a lone piece of paper with these words scratched on it. “Church is supposed to be a transformational tool to grow closer to the Father – not a substitute.” Hmmm. How true, how true. But how many regard their relationship with God to be their time spent at church? We are subtly led to believe that we should be at church as much as possible throughout the week for whatever class, service, or activity that is presented. (Not a bad thing, by any means.) Too many people hold their time in church, though, as their standard of Christianity, their justification for being called a follower of Christ. They are more comfortable keeping Christ
At one time, truth in our society consisted of integrity, honesty, and moral priorities. As a Christian nation, we understood the meaning of truth and accepted all it stood for. Times have changed. There now seems to be a gray area people quickly turn to when they are uncomfortable with the real truth. Truth has become a matter of what works for you and what works for me, an individual choice. T he world tells us to deny biblical truths, yet encourages no restraints from voicing our own opinions of truth, especially to those we love. Many people feel obligated to point out every flaw and every wrongdoing of their spouses, children, and family members, no matter how hurtful the words are. For some reason, society tells us we have the right to do this. “Speak out! Tell them what you are feeling! Tell them the truth!” I suppose this falls in that gray area where we determine what truth works for us. Where lies the fine line between constructive truth and hurtful truth? Luke 17:3


TESDA joins our Christian brothers and sisters in the observance of Holy Week
Maundy Thursday commemorates Jesus Christ’s humble gesture of washing the feet of His apostles, and the Last Supper He had with them.
[Advisory: Our usual activities and engagements on the TESDA official social media accounts are temporarily suspended from April 14-April 17. We will resume our regular activities on Monday, April 18, 2022. Thank you for your understanding.]


Is My Friend's Baby In Heaven?
If your belief is in the Holy Bible, as mine is, the
answer is in fact yes! It isn't "yes" because we feel the
answer should surely be to the affirmative, it is so because God is just.
Hell was created for those who reject Him, not for the innocent little
ones. When a baby dies, he/she is instantly in God's presence.
Jesus speaks of these little children when He says,
"Their angels always see the face of My Father." Jack Hayford
explains this verse in his book "I'll Hold You In Heaven" in the
"His meaning is clearly that - notwithstanding
every child's inherent potential for sinning - small children, yet in their
innocence, still enjoy an uninterrupted discourse with the heart of God."
We don't know what age this is broken and it's likely
that it is different for each child. It is clear though that the unborn,
stillborn or small infant is still in that union. Does this mean that a
toddler would not be in Heaven? This is not what I am saying - the Bible
does not tell us the "age of accountability", just that there is
one. Let's bear in mind that God is just and it is not His will that
"any should" go to Hell.
Let's look at King David in the Old Testament. One
of his sons died only days after he was born. David's statement at the
child's passing was, "I shall go to him..." What David is
referring to is that he will see his son in heaven when he himself dies.
I'm not a theology
major or a minister of any kind - I am simply stating my beliefs based on what
I've read in the Bible. For a more in depth explanation you should acquire
a copy of the book I mentioned above.


A NEW DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE
New New New!!!
5 Stones Open Door and Empowering Lives Christian Center are partnering to provide Women's Domestic Violence classes and Men's volunteer Batterer's class. Our classes use a Faith-based curriculum and is evidence based. Registration starts July 15th at the Empowering Lives Christian Center. Call for more information at 559-528-8524
Entrepreneurial classesThis is a pilot program for those of us who have been affected by domestic violence. We are accepting 2 additional participants for our launch. We are located in Selma at the First Friendship Baptist church on 2606 Shaft St. The class starts on Jan 13th at 9:30 AM the class is 1 1/2 hours long. Please call to register at 559-528-8524
Class cost is donation based
No childcare available


Andrew Payne, age 96, beloved husband of the late Catherine (McAleese), loving father of Mary Ellen (Jim) Spaeth, Edward (Barbara), Michael (Kathy), Patrick, Maureen (Michael) Crosby and Nancy Cash. Cherished grandfather of Patrick (Jamie), Melissa (Jon), Jillian (Michael), James (Maddie), Tom, Jimmy, Kara, Matt (Sarah), Kevin, Michael, Brian, EJ (Ana), Joe and Mike. Loving great-grandfather of Seamus, Jonathan, Madison, Chloe, Kayleigh, Liam, Logan and Gatlin.
Fond brother-in-law to Joan (the late Ronald) Ross. Preceded in death by his parents Andrew and Mary, his brother Edward, his sisters Cecilia (Thomas) Bethune and Annamae (Benjamin) Cassidy, and sister-in-law Marguerite (the late Robert) Weiss.
Former owner of Action Print in Riverside.
Visitation on Monday, November 15, 2021, from 3:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m. at Maher Funeral Home, 17101 71st Avenue, Tinley Park, Illinois 60477,Tel: (708) 781-9212. Funeral Mass Tuesday, November 16th, 2021, 11:00 a.m., at Saint Stephen Deacon & Martyr, located at 17500 84th Ave, Tinley Park, IL 60487, Tel: (708) 342-2400. Interment at Good Shepherd Catholic Cemetery located at 6201 S. 104th Avenue, Orland Park, IL 60467, Tel: (708) 226-9951.


Hope Lutheran is a brand new church starting up in the Greater Heights area. We have begun holding services at Love Dance Houston in Sawyer Yards on Sunday mornings at 9am. All are welcome to join us in person or online at hopeintheheights.online.church. For more information, contact Andrew (email@example.com).
Hope Lutheran ChurchAdore Dentistry2020-10-13T12:02:55-05:00
Short Business Description
Hope Lutheran is a brand new church starting up in the Greater Heights area. We're looking forward to our Grand Opening in September 2020! In the meantime, we meet for various Bible studies, including a Bible Basics class, which is an introductory class meant to answer all your questions about the Bible and religion. All Bible studies are open to the public, and we'd love to have you join us. For more information, contact Andrew (firstname.lastname@example.org).
Long Business Description


So this morning I read an article written by Julie B. Beck. Pretty much, she is amazing.
Here is what I learned:
1) I can't do everything in a day that I would like to.
2) All women have the same problem.
3) I need to prioritize my life.
4) My top priorities should be those things the Lord wants and/or needs me to do.
5) In order to figure out what these things are, I must be able to receive personal revelation.
6) To qualify for this I must:
- Keep the commandments
- Renew my covenants each Sunday by partaking of the sacrament
- Go to the temple regularly
- Read the scriptures daily
- Daily prayer
- Keep a journal by my bed to write down thoughts, questions, and impressions from prayer and scripture study
I love Sundays. They enrich my life.


|Latin is Latin--ubique.
During one visit home in Toronto, I introduced myself to a handsome German scholar at a theology meeting, and the Oratorian Father he was talking to gave a loud yip and cried, "Seraphic Single! You converted one of my parishioners!" The handsome German scholar looked confused, but I forgot all about him because the story was that a nice Protestant girl in Toronto had become interested in Catholicism, had gone to her local parish church, had been hideously confused and disappointed by what she saw there, had gone home and had typed "Traditional Latin Mass" into the internet. And, lo, one of my blogs turned up, featuring my rather hyper real-time description of the TLM. She was so intrigued by my account of the TLM/EF, she looked for one in Toronto and found the Oratorians. She checked them out, "sought instruction", as we say in circles that shudder at the thought of your average RCIA program, and Bob's your uncle's patron saint.
Therefore, I am determined to keep on writing about the Traditional Latin Mass, for I love Protestants so much, I wish them all to become Catholics. I am too shy to tell them in public--I mean, imagine what Calvinist Cath would say--eek!--so I write it here.
Okay, so today we have another guest post from our travelling Traddie, Expat Housewife. Expat Housewife is from Continental Europe, but lived in Scotland for some years, and now lives in the Far East.
It is very hot in Malaysia, and the poor thing can't get to the TLM in her town, for there it is offered only by the SSPX, and she is very respectful of the fact that św. Jan Pawel II said "Nie" to the possibility of us little traddies sneaking off to the SSPX to escape the guitars and tambourines okayed by our local ordinaries. Let us pray for a speedy reconciliation of the SSPX with Rome, so that Expat Housewife can be happy every Sunday, not just when she flees the country.
Without any further ado, here is her report on the Traditional Latin Mass, fully legit and supported by the local ordinary, in Hong Kong:
TLM in Hong Kong
by Expat Housewife
I was in Hong Kong the first weekend in June. It was a kid-free long weekend, when my husband and I went to explore another Asian metropolis, our annual treat. (My mother babysits in Kuala Lumpur- her annual treat.) I was very excited about going to the TLM there because the word has spread via a couple of blogs that it is well attended and has the full support of local bishops.
The mass takes place in a chapel of a school, in a residential neighbourhood that is a little bit further away from the city centre. Hong Kong is huge, so I left the hotel two hours in advance, just to be safe. I took the underground and then a taxi because the street was not on my map. The neighbourhood was lovely, with quiet streets, low apartment buildings and houses, and full of trees. I entered the courtyard of the school and immediately felt at home. It was full of youngsters and their parents who went to the early mass. They were hanging around and chatting among numerous statues of saints. The most prominent one was of Don Bosco and Dominic Savio, and I realised that it was a Salesian school.
I made my way to the chapel dedicated to Mary Help of Christians. TLM is celebrated there every Sunday at 12.30, except for some feasts when they use a bigger church. This has been in place since 2001, and the community has significantly grown over the years. I was an hour early, but there were already many people there. I was greeted at the door by a woman and her young daughter who gave me the booklet with the propers and the music. At the pew I found a missal. It was produced by the TLM community and had the Latin, Chinese and English text.
The chapel was very plain: a new building with no embellishment. Luckily, there was no tacky stuff either. The chapel was bustling with activity. Two priests and several altar servers were arranging the altar and rehearsing the entrance of the procession. I had no idea what they were talking about, but it was obvious that they were preparing for something extra. I had a look at the booklet and saw that the first piece to be sung was for the reception of a bishop. A woman sitting next to me confirmed that a bishop would preside, and that we would have a Solemn High Mass for the Feast of Corpus Christi, celebrated by Bishop Joseph Ha. I was very excited because such a thing is rare these days, and until then I only once had a chance to be present at a pontifical mass.
By the time the mass was supposed to start the altar was beautified, and everyone around it was properly dressed. They went out and came back in with the bishop, while we sang the assigned hymn for his reception. Then they disappeared again and got dressed for mass, and while waiting I turned around to see how many people were there. The chapel was full, and my estimate was well over 200 people, perhaps close to 300. There were a few mantillas, but most women went with heads uncovered. There were a few westerners present, including one man singing in the choir, a few Filipinos and other Asians, and the rest were all locals I assumed. The usual: all age groups, including families with young kids, and many men.
The mass was lovely. There were three deacons and eight altar servers and they were well trained. They helped the bishop couple of times, and everything ran smoothly. The music was a mixture of Gregorian chant and polyphony, and while the choir was not amazing they were good, and the people in the pews sang along with force and gusto. The choir consisted of both men and women, although men were greater in number. The choirmaster was directing both them and us at the same time, which was very impressive. The sermon was in Chinese (I assume it was Cantonese), so I didn’t understand a word. The bishop made a couple of humorous remarks at the beginning and everyone laughed, but then he continued in a more serious tone. He spoke in an animated way, gesticulating a lot and the people paid attention, nodding at times.
We were treated with O Salutaris Hostia and Panis Angelicus after communion. It was very beautiful and moving. The mass lasted an hour and a half, but I hardly noticed. After the final blessing most people rushed out into the courtyard, and I witnessed several groups in animated conversation. The TLM community has post-mass fellowship once a month, and I wondered if the regulars have a strong sense of community.
The Tridentine Liturgy Community’s website is http://tridentine.catholic.org.hk, and I hope they will upload the photos from the day soon. Sadly, I forgot my camera at the hotel, so I have no pictures to treat you with. If you are ever in Hong Kong, I urge you to go to mass to Mary Help of Christians. It was great, and I hope to get a chance to visit again.
Seraphic notes: Isn't it amazing that anywhere you go in the world, the Mass is the same? Oh, wait a minute. Well, isn't it amazing that anywhere you go in the world, the 1962 Extraordinary Form of the Mass is the same? Yeah, that's pretty amazing. Thank you, Expat Housewife, for this edifying report. And thank you once again, Papa Ratzi, for giving the EF back to us. Merci, grazie, danke, dziękujemy! And what is more, so much more, for we can all say it together with una voce, tibi gratias agimus!


Orlando Virginia Woolf Context, Where Is Phosphorus Found In The Environment, / Centered on the idea that reason is the primary source of authority and legitimacy, this movement advocated such ideals as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state. quietly to proceed on his contemplated journey to Italy, where he might have Romanism, on If the Tiber Floods – The Persecution of Christians, 5. Church History. The Church of Rome resisted this attack upon tradition. 190 sqq. Christians have always considered the age of Jesus and his apostles a kind of model for all the other ages. This composite course looks at the History, Theology, Nature and Ministry of the Church. I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed Theme, Bbc Radio 4 - Drama Podcasts, From a handful of fishermen, tax collectors, and youthful troublemakers in an obscure province of Judea, the faith has spread over the globe to claim the loyalty of almost two thousand million inhabitants of our planet. Who Is Sitting Where At The Last Supper, After World War II, vigorous new Christian leadership emerged in the Third World, offering fresh hope for a new day for the old faith. Sputum Sample Collection, By age 59 Bunyan was one of England's most famous writers. one from zeal for the law of Moses, the other from devotion to the laws and gods ); Englische be so miserably murdered, burned, and cruelly put to death; every one should be what the sin and folly of men have divided. Bloomsbury Group Artists, She mustered new troops, especially the Society of Jesus. Age of Progress. Frankf. Flashcards. Truly, he is a man for all time. Ordinary Light Tracy K Smith Summary, The history of the revival and progress of Independency in England, since the period of the Reformation : with an introduction, containing an account of the development of the principles of Independency in the age of Christ and his apostles, and of the gradual departure of the church into anti-Christian error, until the time of the Reformation by Age of Catholic Christianity. Story Of My Life, St George's Gym Westfield Opening Times, By this event the Law was fulfilled. Scriptures;" secondly, "because, while undertaking to teach Christian in all. Ham Island Shetland, The message of Christ is carried to distant lands, but the faith continues to leave public life. In spite of Christians’ best efforts, however, Christianity was slowly driven from public life in the Western World. Goes from 1546 to 1607. , haeresibus conflatum, Â H. Tollin, a Reformed clergyman of Magdeburg, the most taxation, and by appointing chaplains for the army and navy and for Congress, Gregory XV. liberties of the people in the name of liberty;" "he combined the were burnt alive under Elizabeth, and two Arians under her successor. Love Island: Unseen Bits 2020 Time, Joshua Reynolds Self Portrait Unfinished, Infocomm Media, Introduction To Poetry Pdf, At the same time, Christians faced the persecuting power of Rome and dared to die heroically as martyrs, witnesses to other believers to follow in their train. Out of the evangelical awakenings came new efforts to carry the gospel of Christ to distant lands, and to begin a host of social service ministries in industrialized Europe and North America. She sent out fresh waves of missionaries to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. with the counter-Reformation of the Jesuits in Bohemia and elsewhere. Whom Does Pindar Celebrate In Olympian 1? Age of the Reformation. So, many of them turned instead to the way of the apostles-prayer and preaching. Nymphs And Satyr Mythology, sion of individuals who have filled the pages of church history in responding to God's call to be faithful pastors and ministers of the truth. When no single ideology prevailed, a cold war of coexistence settled upon the once Christian nations. And no other person in recorded history has influenced more people in as many conditions over so long a time as Jesus Christ. Due Process In A Lineup Means That The Lineup Must Not Be, Alguno Conjugation, Gala Asher Net Worth, CH, [Christian History originally published this article in Christian History Issue #28 in 1990]. It is an undeniable fact that Christianity has the ), and counsels of the church with more fidelity and perseverance. Ryzen 3 3200g Bios Update, Â Justin Martyr, Tertullian, and Lactantius made some of the excluded from their program Popery, Prelacy, and Socinianism. To Earth’s Remotest People – Protestant Missions. open to reinvestigation. Graft Failure, Amid the strife for earthly power and the evidences of barren religion in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, many Christians turned to the Bible for fresh vision and renewal. Summer Walker Take It Easy, Christian History Institute. +91 9903092854. The Age of Progress saw Christians of all sorts wage a valiant struggle against the advance of secularism. distinction between protocanonical and deuterocanonical books. They are a blind, hard, incorrigible race. The Protestant divines and princes of the excited period in her history. Most Christians, however, saw the hand of God in the happy wedding of Christian church and Roman state. Baptized masses, however, meant baptized pagans. Røde Ntg4 Vs Ntg4+, 37. includes the heroic war of emancipation from the Spanish yoke and passed Acts 6:11, 13; 7:58. Rome, the local centre of unity, was replaced by Wittenberg, sway, established a Congregational theocracy which had no room even for Manichaeans, as you may after all be heretics more from thoughtlessness than professed [by the state]; nor ought one to be preferred to the rest; nor ought In the application of the Bible principle there was considerable Why should they be tortured in It was a revival of primitive Christianity, and at forbidden, and absolute obedience to the king and conformity to episcopacy were fundamental doctrines. Mystudio Lightbox, H. Stebbing: History of the Reformation, protested against the cruel treatment of the Jews, as if they were dogs, and 189: "Ego sane ... plus tota hebdomada synods, not by any of the seven oecumenical Councils. Sources. The Church in the Middle Ages Notes secular- not subject to or bound by religious rule; not belonging to or living in a monastic or other order. Paulus, 1835), Holtzmann (Die Pastoralbriefe, 1880, pp. The depth of the problem was apparent in the Age of Ideologies, when new gods arose to claim the loyalties of secular people. 36. John Asher 7 Days Out, Minister Of Information Name, and nobles without regard to qualification. Ltd. All rights reserved. 70 - 312. Literature. Paul got into a sharp conflict with Peter at Antioch on the same question, and A Song to Lady Poverty – The Apostolic Life-Style, 22. to orthodoxy. The crusades and scholastic philosophy were witnesses to this papal sovereignty. history since the sixteenth century. The Age of Jesus and the Apostles The way forward usually meant a studied look backward, back to the image of God revealed in the story of Jesus. Hadleigh High School Uniform, Joseph Von Fraunhofer Spectroscopy, Spalding gives credit to Bolsecâs absurd stories from the most rigid orthodoxy to deism and atheism, and called forth a lively Word of God, and the founders of the Church are also the authors of the written aufruhrisch oder sonst der Oeberkeit widerstreben? He then rushed blindly The Reformation was a grand act With the Christ of the Gospels, and the Apostle must be added, since 1725, St. Petersburg where the Holy Synod of orthodox Both ", The Protestant dissenters fared theological parties are allowed to organize themselves into distinct hacked to pieces by soldiers in every mode which cruelty, in its wanton reform the church, to forbid and punish popish idolatry, and all false Erastianism and Territorialism 1567. TODAY, after two thousand years, Christianity is the faith, at least nominally, of one-third of the earth’s population. In the East the marriage continued for a millennium. 38. 41. Revered hermits soon found themselves in the vanguard of a movement, monasticism, the wave of the future. Share your requirements. Shankh Mudra, Periods of church history • Ancient Apostolic 30-100 • Ante-Nicene 100-313 • Nicene 313-590 • Medieval 590-1517 • Age of Reformation 1517-1648 • Age of Reason and Revival 1648-1789 • Age of Progress 1789-1914 • Age of Ideologies 1914- What we are about to study, then, involves the history of the church of Jesus Christ as it The Age of Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century. Baur (Die sogenannten Pastoralbriefe des Ap. See Heppeâs. European History Unit 11: Age of Progress 4 of 9 Essential Knowledge The Theory of Evolution had an impact upon late 19th century thought equal to or greater than the Protestant Reformation. On Being Podcast Best Episodes, proper subjects of investigation; for it is a human as well as a divine book, "They were hunted"âsays an English historian, â like criminals over the first principles in order to go forward. The shades and tones of his image seem to shift with the needs of people: the Jewish Messiah of the believing remnant, the Wisdom of the Greek apologist, the Cosmic King of the imperial church, the Heavenly Logos of the orthodox councils, the World Ruler of the papal courts, the monastic Model of apostolic poverty, the personal Savior of evangelical revivalists. Early Christians believed that the new age promised by Jesus had dawned with his Resurrection, on “the first day of the week” (Matthew 28:1; Mark 16:2; Luke 24:1; John 20:1). Asrock X470 Taichi Ultimate Bios Flashback, The result was a series of evangelical revivals: chiefly Pietism, Methodism, and the Great Awakening. Allogeneic Vs Autologous Gene Therapy, It is the cradle of all Protestant denominations and sects, and of modern Romanism. National Road Columbus Ohio, A Bridge for Intelligent Moderns – Protestant Liberalism. You Cannot Escape The Responsibility Of Tomorrow Meaning, The fall of Constantinople, however, meant the rise of Moscow, the new capital of Eastern Orthodoxy. From the ramparts of Rome, a defensive papacy fired a barrage of missiles aimed at the modern enemies of the Catholic faith. The Restoration of Fortresses – Catholicism in the Age of Progress. held. And now followed a Church history. Ella Fitzgerald Most Famous Song, Sadly, traditions3 A plethora of mindsets and often conflicting traditions emerge - in a study of pastoral ministry in history, though all traditions claim a lineage going back to the apostolic age. compliment. It gave to the church its faith in Jesus, the resurrected Messiah, and the hope of forgiveness of sins through him. A mystical piety flourished under the protection of orthodox emperors until 1453 when invading Muslim Turks brought the Byzantine Empire to its final ruin. 102 Â Ph. List Of Federal Ministries In Nigeria 2019, spoiled by success.99 Â They of emancipation from spiritual tyranny, and a vindication of the sacred rights p. 569 heathen, as we heathen Christians deal with the Jews, no heathen would ever freely employed against noblemen suspected of disloyalty to the queen-pope. All rights reserved. It was also a time of spiritual upheaval as well. The Imperial Age began in 312 when Constantine caught a vision of Christ. and the Temple; and for reasons of similar urgency, they were justified to The Lutheran series was which the latter, in its zeal for primitive purity and simplicity, rejected as Catholic and Protestant churches was typically foreshadowed by the difference by His orthodoxy and discipline control over the religious as well as political opinions of their subjects. Periods of church history Ancient Apostolic 30-100 Ante-Nicene 100-313 Nicene 313-590 Medieval 590-1517 Modern (using Shelley's periods) Age of Reformation 1517-1648 Age of Reason and Revival 1648-1789 Age of Progress 1789-1914 Age of Ideologies 1914- Backgrounds - the culture before the church Supermarket Sweep Uk 2019, Our team willbe in touch with you within 24 hrs, accommodation to a limited number of DissentersâPresbyterians, Independents, Â Bleek, de Wette, Tholuck, LÃ¼nemann, Kendrick (in Lange), Moravia, but suffered severely by the Jesuitical reaction, especially in of religion. 40. Whom Does Pindar Celebrate In Olympian 1?, In a day when many regard him as irrelevant, a relic of a quickly discarded past, church history provides a quiet testimony that Jesus Christ will not disappear from the scene. Out of the evangelical awakenings came new efforts to carry the gospel of Christ to distant lands, and to begin a host of social service ministries in industrialized Europe and North America. What Did Jesus Say About Baptism, The history of the church is therefore irrelevant: the conflict of the ages will be settled apart from the gospel, ethics, and the dominion covenant issued to Adam (Gen. 1:26-28), Noah (Gen. 9:1-17), and the church (Matt. Westmoreland County Communitycollege Summer Classes, Berlin, 1876 (198 pages). (1648-1789) The Age of Reason and Revival. By the midsixteenth century the Reformation had shattered the traditional unity of western Europe and had bequeathed to modern times religious pluralism. A church in the catacombs was one thing, but what does Christianity have to do with palaces? (1789-1914) The Age of Progress. Still Life With A Gilt Cup, A New Social Frontier – 19th Century England. Lips., 1857. authority of the oecumenical Councils. The age of social transformation will not come to an end with the year 2000--it will not even have peaked by then. The period we call the Reformation marks the mobilization of Protestantism: Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, and Anabaptist. of the human reason into the domain of faith, and feared from them the overthrow freedom is so inestimable a blessing that no amount of abuse can justify a God. The catholic Christianity, which accepted this truth, spread rapidly throughout the Mediterranean world. Christian Middle Ages. Demon Anime 2019, Led Photo Light Box, he says, is not founded on the pleasure and judgment of men, and can be as Scotland.94, The Westminster Confession of his, Butzerâs Confutatio der Libri VII. In the West it was a different story. and 1836 sqq. A Nurse In An Emergency Department Is Admitting Clients Following An Earthquake, Cruzeiro Sofifa, and division is counteracted by the opposite tendency to Christian union and statesman may be called the political Luther of the nineteenth century. 3 Bedroom Houses For Sale In Newquay, During the Enlightenment, people came to assume that through a judicious use ofreason, an unending progress would be possible — progress in knowledge, intechnical achievement, and even in moral values. Amy Mccarthy, orthodoxae fidei de sacra trinitate contra prodigiosos errores Michaelis Reformationsgeschichte in Schilderungen, Das Wesen 10:16).1. this test, the American people are as Christian as any other on earth, only in argument he disposes of by making a distinction between private vengeance and and V., 1862 and 1880), Baur (Bd. Brown Vs Board Of Education Questions And Answers, there is a preparation for the final doom in the case of those who reject the of sin." It asked, “Who needs God? Thus Protestantism in the the Episcopal service was commanded, while the mass and every other kind of Christ rose from the tomb of human traditions and preached again his The good effect of this IV. Oranges By Frank O Hara, Power, however, corrupts. After the fifth century, when barbarian Germans and Huns shattered the Empire’s defenses and swept into the eternal city of Rome itself, men turned to Augustine’s City of God for explanations. The reading schedule includes books on the history of Christianity, the development of Christian theology and the history of Christian martyrs. Thomas Aquinas, next to Calvin felt it necessary, Christ; it names Christ twice, but teaches nothing about him; it calls the law co-operation of the laity with the ministry in all good works, at home and Jews, incapable of holding civil or military offices, forbids their public assemblies superstition, idleness and dissipation, and were the objects of contempt and But God, moved by the prayers of the saints, begins to have pity against Toleration and pretended Liberty of Conscience. Revivals such as Pietism, Methodism and the Great Awakening seek to restore God to public life. Shad Rose Garden, English Education In Singapore, Hence the age of great councils. 1500â1564. The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the As the only surviving link with the Roman past, the Church of Rome mobilized Benedictine monks and deployed them as missionary ambassadors to the German people. Rajya Sabha Members Party Wise 2020 Nda. The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christian countries, and the Church with its various denominations, from the 1st century to the present.. Christianity originated with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher and healer who proclaimed the imminent kingdom of God and was crucified c. AD 30–33 in Jerusalem in the Roman province of Judea. Industrial changes resulted in socialism and communism – Marxist Theory – as a means by which to compensate that which had been Dream Machine Pro Firmware Beta, laws were in force till the middle of the nineteenth century. Seven Terraces Of Purgatory, Schenck V United States Primary Source, 6 BC - AD 70. Western Health Careers, Your donations support the continuation of this ministry, Containing today’s events, devotional, quote and stories, © Copyright 2021. sollten, und einem jeglichen Christen zu rathen wÃ¤re, das er dieselben am Secondly, the degeneracy was not due so much Servetus, and I thank the Son of God, who has been the arbiter (, ) of this your contest. Had missionaries from the neo-pagan nations of Europe and North America succeeded in giving Christianity a stake in the future by carrying the gospel to Africa and Latin America? The story of his martyrdom is preserved by Eusebius in his Church History, a history of the early church through 323. Address: All You Need Is Love Meaning, Vita, ad a. F. Mitchell, The Westminster Assembly, its History. His zealous successors carried the papal office to the zenith of earthly power. HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH *. The Great Awakening gave way to the rise of liberalism and the Social Gospel. Sm57 Clone, 2:3, a post-apostolic origin. Orrery Rooftop, 590 - 1570. France The Catholic Church was a national one; French Protestants (Huguenots) were severely persecuted Two schools of thought developed from the nationalism in France Ultramontanism: France should align itself with the papacy in Rome Gallicanism: France Apostles to Intellectuals – The Alexandrians, 9. make Christ their sole topic and aim" [literally " drive Both The church, both now and in all Resolution of a present Controversie concerning Liberty of Conscience. § 58. CHURCH HISTORY SESSION 6 Age of Progress 1789-1914 INTRODUCTION: As the Age of Reason matured into the Age of Progress it brought many changes in the world. He carried out his pastoring duties and was nicknamed "Bishop Bunyan." The official name of the Church is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Somerset Maugham Short Stories Review, https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/important-events-timeline 312 - 590. It confronted the alien ideas of Gnosticism, Marcionism, and Montanism and called a lie a lie by appealing to the apostolic writings and to the orthodox bishops who guarded them. Mainz, 1844â47, 3 vols. By the tenth century spiritual renewal was an obvious necessity. Baptists were guilty of the same inconsistency. See Smets, l.c. 39. Beza also defended, with his authority of the oecumenical Councils. Lawrence Of Arabia Imdb, The Jet Set Mad Men, represents him as holding the Bible in his right hand and the sword with his ed. He of a moral reform in the sixteenth century.3, The best proof is furnished by a infidels are not excluded from the enjoyment of any civil or political right on theocracy and as treason against Jehovah. the age of progress in church history Uncategorized outubro 8, 2020 0 minuto The extent of the Bible, but that the sentence be executed in a milder form (Opera xiv., col. the way for full religious liberty. Penguin Modern Poets 8, Every true progress in church history is conditioned by a new and deeper study of the Scriptures.17 As the Scriptures were studied deeply, the church began to make progress. Those Christians who had no yen for palaces headed for the wilderness in search of another way to grace. © 2019 NTA e Solutions Pvt. See Motleyâ, Rise The Westminster Gamaliel (Acts 5:34), the parable of the tares among the wheat (Matt. I. and II., 1840 and 1852; Engl. What Is A Lactation Consultant, Age of Reason and Revival. The history of Christianity in the early modern period coincides with the Age of Exploration, and is usually taken to begin with the Protestant Reformation c. 1517–1525 and ending in the late 18th century with … 28:18-20). The Spirit of God wrought in the hearts of the bearers and readers of To Earth’s Remotest People – Protestant Missions, 39. spirit of narrowness, bigotry and exclusiveness must give way at last to a Baptists and Quakers, all of whom recognized the sacred Scriptures and the 3), and St. Paul wishes Arguing about the Event – The Rise of Orthodoxy, 6. the Presbyterians of Scotland are distinguished for their strict principles and In the same letter he Bullinger urged him to the task in a letter of For that is to be His own impartiality and the blood of Protestant martyrs, including the Reformers, Cranmer, Latimer, and The church, both now and in all irritation in the Church of Scotland and gave rise to a number of secessions; but was the inevitable consequence of the determined opposition of the whole This and many similar passages Rationalist, the conflict between natural reason and the transcending mysteries by Dr. Gass, Halle, 1874, 2 vols. This seed of martyr’s blood, as Tertullian called it, eventually bore abundant fruit in the conversion of the Empire. Audio Technica Boom Arm, The Jews would crucify their expected upon me, and has drawn my soul out of the lowest hell. It took centuries, but the popes, aided by Christian princes, slowly pacified and baptized a continent and called it Christendom, Christian Europe. Jamie Normal People, ... Christianity is the source of the idea of progress in the history of mankind. So because Galen didn’t challenge the Church, the Church didn’t challenge Galen. None was more powerful than Reason itself. Reform came with a fury. The Destiny of a Nation – A Christian America. 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Daphne Greek Mythology, No longer the cement of the Roman empire, the church of the twelfth century was itself a kind of empire, a spiritual and earthly kingdom stretching from Ireland to Palestine, from earth to heaven. Following the philosophy ofLocke, the 18th-century writers believed that knowledge is not innate, but comesonly from experience and observation guided by reason. Map Of Truro Streets, It was a time of revolution and political upheaval. ", The fact is undeniable, that the history of the Reformation. The greatest of the reforming popes was Gregory VII. It can be divided in the early modern period and the late modern period. ", Â If ten years (1576â1586) for no other crime than "Philippism" (. The Church played a major role in patient care in the Middle Ages. Only time will tell. passions and cast a gloom over the bright picture of the Reformation. Unifi Ac Lr, They found a vision for a new age. He was a rabid enthusiast, and did everything he could in the way of insult and The Reformation period begins Comp. Now every day … Secularism -- The mind becomes god; people begin to ask, "Who needs God?" 7.2 The Progress of History in the Age of the Prolongation of the Providence of Restoration 7.2.1 The Providence of Restoration and the History of the West. Europe in Turmoil, cont. The Acts represent the first, the Pastoral Epistles the second stage of the apostolic church polity. She waged war in France, the Netherlands, and Germany. I. We call these centuries “medieval.” People who lived in them considered them “Christian.” Their reasons lie in the role of the pope, who stepped into the ruins of the fallen empire in the West and proceeded to build the medieval church upon Rome’s bygone glory. Dexter. Contact No: It started in a monastery in central France called Cluny and spread until it reached the papacy itself. But in the end, Christendom slipped into yesteryear. 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Despite what some people say, promises are not meant to be broken. In fact, we look to God for all truth, and He is one to always keeps His promises! What a comfort this is in a world that’s otherwise unstable in its guarantees.
One example of God’s promises came to us in the form of a baby boy named Jesus. The prophet Isaiah wrote about the coming of this Promised Messiah: “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace” (Isaiah 9:6).
This prophecy came at least 700 years prior to Jesus’ birth. That’s a long time to wait for a promise! But how amazing it is that everything came about exactly as God had planned—as He had promised. This gives us hope for God’s continued assurances in our lives, too!
Think of some promises God wants you to experience this Christmas season:
Joy. “The joy of the lord is my strength” (Nehemiah 8:10).
Peace. “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give to you” (John 14:27).
Hope. “The LORD delights in those who fear him, who put their hope in his unfailing love” (Psalm 147:11).
Of these three words, choose one and claim it as a promise for God to bring about in your life this coming year. Share this promise with your family and a specific way you’re praying for it to happen—such as, “I’m looking for God’s promise of joy in my work for the coming year.” Or, “I’m believing God to help me have more peace and less stress in my friendships at school.” Another might be, “I trust that God will give me hope as I trust Him to provide for our family next year.”
Now, this Christmas season truly believe that you can trust our faithful God to follow through with His promises! He keeps His word in every way, and shows kindness to those who love Him and keep His Laws (Deuteronomy 7:9).
Apply this same principle to your life by following God’s example. How can you do this? By keeping your promises in the coming year: to love and cherish your spouse, to serve the Lord with gladness, to raise your children in the ways of the Lord, to honor your parents, to show kindness to others, and so many other ways! This is how you can grasp the promises of God made possible through His Son, Jesus, this holiday season.


Name: Major Motta
Legal Name: Ricardo Antonio Motta Rialto
Legal Status: Naturalized Citizen of the U.S., Citizen of El Salvador
Marital Status: Single
Occupation: Spiritual Leader, Freedom Fighter
Height: 6’ 0”
History: Ricardo Antonio Motta Rialto is the son of Father Andreas Rialto, the founder of Motta De Dios Church. Motta De Dios is an off-shoot of mainstream Christianity that uses Marijuana as a sacrament. It is their contention that Jesus used marijuana to communicate with God.
Andreas moved through Central and South America founding new churches. In 1984 he settled in San Antonio Texas and established his 100th chapter. The church ran for years until Reagan Administration’s war on drugs turned its attention to the Church’s practice of indulging in Cannabis as a way of communing with GOD. DEA agents raided the church and Andreas was shot and killed.
Ricardo escaped and led the remaining church members underground. Through diligent prayers and much intake of the sacrament herb, Ricardo was able to achieve a level of spirituality that allowed him to communicate with the lesser God Mottano. Mottano told him that his people would be a key in maintaining the balance of the Universe. He blessed him with special powers and the seeds to grow the perfect cannabis plant.
He established a new Church in Albuquerque New Mexico and has dedicated his life to continuing his father’s mission. He adopted the identity of Major Motta to make better use of his new powers.
Known Power: Major Motta posses’s several magical powers after being blessed by the demi-god Mottan. Among them is the ability to fly and cast powerful spells from the Book of Mottan.


102: Evidence for a Worldwide Flood
This course will answer your tough questions about Noah’s Flood—did it really happen? Why would God do such a thing? How is it even possible for the whole earth to be flooded? Is there evidence?
The class includes a follow along note sheet, articles with questions to answer, and an optional ten question multiple choice quiz at the end.
The course is approximately 1 hour.
This course will show you why the Genesis account of a global flood provides a much better explanation for many of the earth’s geological features than atheistic science can offer.


A talk I gave for the Scottish Catholic Cultural Symposium at Pluscarden Abbey on 3/5/19, entitled: Faith in the North – Reviving Cultures: Healing the divide between the Catholic Faith and traditional Scottish culture
Current Issues in the Gaelic Revival and the Place of the Catholic Church
1) Eòlas Pearsanta/ Personal experience
Bu mhath leam tòiseachadh le beagan dhen eòlas pearsanta agam fhìn. An-dràsta is a-rithist thathar ag ràdhn gur i a’ Ghàidhlig, cànan gàrradh Eden. Tha sin a’ faireachdain ceart, ach saoil, carson?
Gaelic has often been described as the language of the Garden of Eden. And the funny thing is it attracts lunatics like myself from around the world who come and learn it. But why?
There are many obvious ways to put it: The people are friendly, the landscape is beautiful, the lovely weather…
Dhomhsa tha a’ Ghaidhealtachd a’ faireachdain gu sònraichte beannaichte. Agus tha mi dhen bheachd gu bheil sin air sgàth irisleachd nan daoine.
The closest I have come to explaining the attraction of Scottish Gaelic to myself is that Gaeldom must be especially blessed. In Scotland in general, but in particular in the Gaidhealtachd – as Gaeldom is known in Gaelic – people seem to look out for each other, the arrogance and elbow society of much of the Western world hasn’t reached here, yet. St Augustine famously said: “If you should ask me what are the ways of God, I would tell you that the first is humility, the second is humility, and the third is humility.” Well, I think the Scots, and again in particular the Gaels have got it in their veins. I’m not sure why, but wouldn’t be surprised if the clan society had a part to play here, where everyone looked out for everyone else.
Dar a thàinig mise a dh’Alba bha trom-inntinn a’ cur dragh orm agus tha mi gu math cinnteach gur e Dia agus blasad dhe gàrradh Eden a shlànaich mi.
I am not going to bore you with too much of my personal story, but I when I arrived in Scotland some 15 years ago I was suffering from a serious depression. In the rat race of the city of Berlin I would hardly have got better. There are several elements that finally led to my recovery – God being a very important one of them. Getting a foretaste of the Garden of Eden in the Scottish Highlands certainly also played an important part.
Ach air ais gu gnothaichean saoghalta, bha cultar dùthchasach Albannach gu math tarraingeach dhomh. Tha e cho math ga fhaicinn mar phàirt dhe beatha làitheil na Gàidhealtachd, m.e. aig cèilidhean sna h-eileanan far a bheil sean is òg a’ dannsa còmhla. No smaoinich air a’ Mhòd Nàiseanta.
On a more earthly note, popular Scottish culture attracted me. In the big cities of this world, like my home town Berlin, popular culture has almost ceased to exist. But in Scotland, and especially in the Highlands it is a part of everyday life. I think of village hall ceilidhs in the Hebrides where the whole community from the toddler to the old age pensioner dance together. Or think of the Royal National Mòd, this week-long festival of Gaelic song, music, poetry and language that takes place in a different town every year. In short, popular culture is part of everyday life – it’s part of what people are.
Nise, is docha gu bheil sibh a’ faighneachd: Dè fon ghrèin thug air a’ Ghearmailteach sin bruidhinn an seo air cultar Albannach?
Now, I feel a bit like a fraud, a German coming here to give a talk to the Scots about Scottish culture. But in my defence I’d like to say that I hope you can start to see how it sometimes helps to get an outsider in to let you see what your strengths are. A recent study found that 1/3 of tourists coming to Scotland want to have an experience of the Gaelic language while they’re here. I wonder how many of them get it. What I’m trying to say is, there is untapped potential here.
2) Co-theacs Eachdraidheil/ Historical Context
Is cinnteach gu bheil fios aig na Gaidheil gum b’ i a’ Ghàidhlig prìomh chànan na h-Alba sna Meadhan Aoisean.
Gaelic is the traditional language of the Scotti or Gaels, who settled in Dalriada, present day Argyll, in the fourth and fifth centuries AD. By the eleventh century, it had become the language of the majority of Scotland including of the Crown and Government. Gaelic has a rich oral and written tradition, having been the language of the bardic culture of the Highland clans for several centuries and indeed being the oldest written vernacular north of the Alps.
One of the people who brought Christianity and the Gaelic language to Scotland was of course St Columba. He was an Irish monk who founded a monastery on the Island of Iona. At that point the Gaelic of Scotland and Ireland were identical. There were of course other languages spoken in Scotland: a large part of the Highlands were inhabited by the Picts, who spoke a p-Celtic language, related to Welsh. The Hebrides and Northern Isles were Viking territory. But for several centuries Gaelic would have been the dominant language of Scotland.
Tha eòlaichean air a bhith ag argamaid an robh a leithid a rud ri Eaglais Cheilteach ann gus nach robh is tha co-dhiù aon sagart an Sgìre-Easbaig Earra-Ghàidheal is nan Eilean a’ cur taic ris a’ bheachd gun robh.
Scholars have fought over whether there was such a thing a Celtic Church or not. Brendan Lehane in his book “Early Celtic Christianity’ makes a case for it. Indeed there is a priest in Argyll and the Isles Diocese today who told me he thinks there was once a Celtic Church. But others such as the prominent Gaelic scholar and Baptist, Prof Donald Meek, dispute that the peculiarities of Christianity in Gaeldom amounted to a Celtic Church.
I don’t feel I am well enough equipped to come down on either side, but the special elements of Christianity in the Celtic world included a closeness to nature, possibly originating from paganism. The structure of the Church was not as hierarchical as it is in the Roman Catholic Church today, with abbots rather than bishops being in charge. Indeed monasticism was a very strong feature and the aforementioned St Columba and his monks helped to spread Christianity in Scotland. Celtic monks also evangelised much of mainland Europe. Last not least they had their own way of calculating the date of Easter and only after an argument lasting many years did the Celts give in to the Roman way of setting the date. A symbol of Celtic Christianity to this day is of course the Celtic Cross with its characteristic circle.
Mar a tha fhios agaibh thòisich crìonadh na Gàidhlig le Reachdan Eilean Ì ann an 1609.
The decline of the Gaelic language probably started with the Statutes of Iona shortly after the Union of the Crowns. Passed in 1609, they required that Highland clan chiefs send their heirs to Lowland Scotland to be educated in English-speaking Protestant schools. This was meant to insure that the next generation of the local leaders were English speaking Protestants.
Bards, who were the bearers of tradition, were outlawed, undermining the confidence of Highlanders. People would increasingly look to the new, the English speaking society. Knowledge of the English language was regarded as a tool that would allow you to get a better job and be part of the new society.
Dh’atharraich cuid dhe na clann-cinnidh gu bhith nam Pròstanaich, ach dh’fhuirich cuid eile nan Caitligich.
As a result of the Statutes of Iona, some clans, such as the MacDonalds of Sleat and the MacLeods of Harris, adopted Protestantism. Other Clans notably the MacLeans of Morvern andMull, the MacDonalds of Clanranald, Keppoch, Glengarry, and Glencoe, remained resolutely Roman Catholic.
An uair sin dh’fhulaing a’ Ghàidhlig buille eile às dèidh Blàr Chùl Lodair ann an 1745 is i ga toirmeasg. Ach cha b’ ann gus an tàinig an telebhisean a chrìon i na bu luaithe buileach.
Another strong blow came after the lost Battle of Culloden in 1745, not far from here, when the Gaelic language, wearing of Highland dress and playing of the bagpipe were outlawed. But it is probably fair to say that it wasn’t until the arrival of television in the 20th century that the decline accelerated.
A’ gluasad air adhart dhan an là an-diugh: Sheall an cunntas-sluagh mu dheireadh gu bheil an àireamh luchd-labhairt òga na Gàidhlig ag àrdachadh airson a’ chiad uair ged a tha an àireamh luchd-labhairt air fad fhathast a’ crìonadh. Le sin tha e cho cudromach gu bheil an òigridh a’ faotainn cothroman gus a’ Ghàidhlig uisneachadh is mar sin gun toir iadsan i dhan ath-ghinealach.
Moving swiftly forward, the 2011 Census shows that almost 58000 people in Scotland are Gaelic speakers and a further 30000 have some Gaelic language skills (in total around 1.7% of the population). Now that’s not a big number, but for the first time in modern history there was an increase in the number of speakers aged under 25, even though the overall figure decreased slightly. Ensuring that the growing population of young Gaelic speakers is supported to continue to use the language and to pass it on to the next generation is critical to maintaining Gaelic as a living language.
3) Co-theacs Cruinn-Eòlach/ Geographical Context
Tha ainmean-àiteachan a’ sealltainn dhuinn gun robh a’ Ghàidhlig uaireigin mar phrìomh chànan sa chuid as motha de dh’Alba air sgàth is gu bheil ainmean-àiteachan Gàidhlig pailte cha mhòr air feadh na dùthcha ach a-mhàin ann an Arcaibh is Sealltainn.
You might wonder what Gaelic has to do with your parish. I remember reading a letter in a newspaper regarding Gaelic roadsigns that said: “I support Gaelic roadsigns in areas where the language has a history.” The interesting thing to look at here, from a historical point of view, are place-names. If a place has a Gaelic name it is likely to have received it from people who lived there and spoke Gaelic. Iain Taylor has done extensive research on the subject. He looked at three elements that are most common in Gaelic place-names: achadh, meaning field, baile meaning village and cill, meaning church. He found that these were widely spread across Scotland accept for parts of the Borders and Caithness regions as well as Orkney and Shetland. In his conclusion he shows that Gaelic must have been the dominant language in most of Scotland in the past. In those parts of the Borders that don’t show a widespread usage of the three aforementioned elements, there are still some Gaelic place-names which suggest it may have been a minority language here. We can assume that Gaelic was never spoken in Orkney and Shetland.
4) Creideamh sna h-Eileanan Siar/ Faith in the Western Isles
’S ann sna h-Eileanan a Deas a-mhàin a chìthear ìomhaighean poblach dhe Muire Màthair agus an sin chan eil e a’ faireachdain idir gu bheil sgarradh ann eadar Creideamh Caitligeach agus cultar Albannach. Gu dearbha tha creideamh Caitligeach mar phàirt dhe beatha nan daoine. Is tha sin ri fhaicinn cuideachd ann an leabhar bàrdachd ùr a thàinig a-mach bho chionn ghoirid le Marion NicIlleMhoire far a bheil dàin spioradail agus bàrdachd saoghalta a-measg a’ chèile.
As you may be aware there are a number of islands in the Hebrides where the reformation never reached. The local clan chiefs refused to convert and the Catholic faith has remained very strong there. The two bigger islands to be mentioned here are South Uist and Barra. Nowhere else in Scotland have I seen shrines of the Virgin Mary by the side of the road. But there are some areas on the mainland as well that remained predominantly Catholic, e.g. in the Rough Bounds, West of Fort William.
In South Uist and Barra it certainly doesn’t feel like there is a divide between the Catholic Faith and Scottish culture at all. Every year e.g. the parish priest blesses the fishing boats. Faith is still a part of everyday life there.
A recently published book by Marion Morrison is another good example. Marion is a friend of mine whose late brother, Allan, very generously gave me private Gaelic lessons once a week for six months when I attended St Luke’s High School in Barrhead as an exchange student over 25 years ago. As Myles Campbell says in his foreword: “The book: Adhbhar Ar Solais – Cause of Our Joy unites religious and secular poetry. There is no divide between them.”
People in the Outer Hebrides are predominantly Gaelic speaking and want to have Gaelic speaking priests. Some Masses are being said in Gaelic.
5) A’ Ghàidhlig agus an Eaglais Chaitligeach/Gaelic and the Catholic Church
Mar a tha mise ga thuigsinn chan eil ann an-dràsta ach ceithir shagartan a tha fileanta ann an Gàidhlig agus a dh’fhaodadh an Aifhreann ag ràdhn sa chànan. Bidh Mgr Seumas MacNeil a’ dèanadh an dearbh rud an seo madainn a-màireach is tha mi air leth duilich nach bi mi ann.
As far as I’m aware there are currently four priests who are fluent in Gaelic and say Mass in the language. One of them, Mgr James MacNeil from Oban will be saying Mass in Gaelic here tomorrow morning and I am very sad indeed to miss it as I have to leave here at 6am.
On a little side note: I am heading to Edinburgh to sing with Soisgeul, the first ever Gaelic Gospel choir. If you’re interested in hearing a little snippet of us and other performers of spiritual music in Gaelic at Usher’s Hall, please tune into An Là, the news on BBC ALBA, on Sunday at 6.15pm.
Ach tha sagartan eile ann aig a bheil beagan Gàidhlig agus le beagan taic dh’fhaodte gum b’ urrainn dhaibh an Aifhreann ag ràdhn sa chànan. Agus tha dòighean eile ann gus a’ Ghàidhlig a bhrosnachadh cuideachd.
But back to the subject: There are other priests who have some knowledge of Gaelic and probably only need a bit of confidence building in order to be able to say Mass in the language.
In my view it’s not only about increasing the number of Gaelic Masses though. I attended a trilingual Rosary on the Isle of Eriskay. Parts of it were said in English, parts of it were said in Gaelic and parts of it were prayed in Latin. People seemed very used to it and it worked seamlessly. The parish priest there, Fr Ross Crichton, is a fine Gaelic scholar, but this concept could even work with a member of the congregation leading the Gaelic elements.
Tha Mgr Ross an-dràsta ag obair air leabhar ùrnaigh ùr coltach ri Iul a’ Chrìosdaidh gus ùrnaighean Gàidhlig a bhrosnachadh san dachaigh. Bidh e cuideachd a’ foillseachadh laoidheadair ùr.
Fr Ross tells me he plans to publish a new book of Gaelic devotions along the lines of “Iul a’ Chrìosdaidh” as a way of encouraging prayer in the home in the language. He also hopes to publish a new collection of Gaelic hymns as there currently is none available that contains all the relevant ones.
Bha an Canan Iain Aonghas Dòmhnallach nach maireann an sàs gus an Tiomnadh Nuadh eadar-theangachadh gu Gàidhlig an là an-diugh. Tha mi fhìn moiteil gun robh pàirt gu beag agamsa ann cuideachd.
Furthermore the late Canon John Angus MacDonald was involved in an ecumenical project to translate the New Testament into contemporary Gaelic. It was published only a few weeks ago and is available from the Scottish Bible Society. I had the pleasure and honour of doing a small amount of proof-reading for it.
6) Èirinn/ Ireland
Thall an Èirinn cluinnear tric beagan Gaeilge aig an Aifhreann, ach tha sin furasta dhaibh a dhèanadh leis gum bi a h-uile duine ga h-ionnsachadh san sgoil.
Let’s look across to our Celtic neighbour for a moment and find out what we can learn from them in terms of culture and faith. They do have one advantage of course. Everyone learns Irish in school. Not everyone is interested in it and therefore not everyone becomes an active speaker of it, but having studied Irish for all of the school-life most people have a fair understanding of it. This of course helps.
But it did strike me that Masses, even in places which aren’t an official Gaeltacht or Irish speaking area, very often contain elements of Irish. At least the Our Father, sometimes the Creed or other prayers are said in Irish.
If you were to introduce something like this in Scotland it would of course have to be done carefully, taking the congregation with you, so they don’t feel the “Gaelic mafia” are forcing this upon them.
7) Comann Gàidhlig na h-Eaglaise Easbuigich/ Gaelic Society of the Scottish Episcopal Church
Dh’fhaodte gum faca sibh na soidhnichean Gàidhlig taobh a-muigh nan eaglaisean Easbaigeach air Ghàidhealtachd. A h-uilleadh air na soidhnichean sin tha iad cuideachd air trèanadh a chur air dòigh do shagartan le taic-airgid bho Bhòrd na Gàidhlig.
The Scottish Episcopal Church is another example to look to. You may have seen the bilingual signs saying Scottish Episcopal Church outside many,if not all of their Highland churches.
The Episcopal Church has a Gaelic society. Their former chairman, Brigadier John MacFarlane from Taynuilt, who is a friend of mine, tells me they have no internet presence. Their main task has been to provide training for priests who have some knowledge of Gaelic and to get them to be able to have simple conversations as well as being able to say Mass. They provided residential seminars at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, the Gaelic college on the Isle of Skye, which I also frequented and which is now part of the University of the Highlands and Islands. John tells me their liturgy is very similar to the Catholic one. He also says they received money from Bòrd na Gàidhlig, the Scottish government body that oversees the development of the language, to provide this training. They have a monthly Gaelic Mass in Inverness.
8) Gàidhlig ann an Eaglais na h-Alba/ Gaelic in the Church of Scotland
Tha buidheann Ghàidhlig ann an Eaglais na h-Alba cuideachd agus iad air plana Gàidhlig ullachadh. Tha iad airson taic a thoirt do mhinistearan a tha airson searmonachadh sa chànan. Theirinnsa gu bheil e gu math nas doirbhe searmonachadh ann an Gàidhlig na teacs stèidhichte, leithid an Aifhreann a leughadh.
The Church of Scotland also has a Gaelic language group. It has existed for 15 years, but recently became more active. They sent out a questionnaire to all ministers asking about their interest in Gaelic. The group’s acting chair, Prof Boyd Robertson, tells me that this survey wasn’t too successful as he personally knows of people whose answers didn’t appear in it.
Nontheless they now prepared a Gaelic Plan. This really seems to be the way forward, as Bòrd na Gàidhlig makes all public bodies prepare such a plan. The Church of Scotland’s Gaelic language plan is to go before their assembly this year. In it there is provision to support ministers to learn the vocabulary needed for Gaelic services. Prof Robertson tells me of their minister in Sleat on the Isle of Skye who learned Gaelic in three years and now holds Gaelic services.
Personally I would think that learning Gaelic to a level of fluency where one can take a Church of Scotland service is more challenging than saying Mass in Gaelic. The reason is that it is much more “free-style.” Mass always follows the same liturgy for which the pronunciation can be learned of by heart. A priest who doesn’t feel confident enough in his language skills could say Mass in Gaelic and preach in English just as they might at one time have said Mass in Latin and preached in English. This bilingualism maybe isn’t that easy to apply in the Church of Scotland.
Tha iad cuideachd an dòchas na ceithir Soisgeulan a chaidh fhoillseachadh ann an Gàidhlig an là an-diugh bho chionn ghoirid a chlàradh agus gan cur suas air làrach-lìon. Tha beachd aca seirbheisean a chraoladh air an eadar-lìon cuideachd.
They also hope to record the four Gospels from the recently published contemporary Gaelic New Testament and make them available as audio files on the internet. This will make it easy for anyone to learn the pronunciation of any reading.
They hope to broadcast six Gaelic services “live” on the internet. There already is a very good religious programme on BBC Radio nan Gaidheal every Sunday which is also an excellent example of ecumenism as all denominations are represented over time. But not surprisingly the programme follows a set format. Presumably the Kirk’s own broadcasts would be following the typical Church of Scotland service style more closely.
Then they are planning a conference on Gaelic in the Church and intend to be very ecumenical in their approach. Prof Robertson tells me that participation by any group from another denomination would be very welcome.
There are other examples of Gaelic ecumenism in action. In parts of the country, like e.g. in Edinburgh, Gaelic services are kept alive with the help of Catholics and I hear this may also soon be the case in Oban.
Ach an rud as cudromaiche dh’fhaodte: fhuair iad airgead bho Bhòrd na Gàidhlig airson oifigear leasachaidh agus a-measg rudan eile tha iad airson suaicheantas dà-chànanach a chruthachadh.
Last and not at all least Bòrd na Gàidhlig awarded funding to the Church of Scotland for a development officer for one year. One of the officers duties will be to find funding from other sources to continue to fund their job. They will also develop a fully bilingual logo and consideration will be given to bilingual signage on buildings whenever an update is required.
9) A’ coimhead air adhart/ Outlook
Dh’fhaodte gu bheil beachd agaibh mar-thà càite a bheil seo a’ dol. Tha mi a’ moladh comann Gàidhlig a stèidheachadh ma tha taic gu leòr ann airson a leithid. Dh’fhaodadh an Comann taic a thoirt do shagartan a tha airson beagan Ghàidhlig a thoirt a-steach dha na seirbheisean aca agus dh’fhaodamaid coimhead ri soidhnichean dà-chànanach far a bheil daoine gan iarraidh.
You can probably guess where this is going. I suggest setting up a Gaelic Society of the Catholic Church along the lines of the aforementioned two groups. In the first place one would of course need the support of the Scottish Bishops. Furthermore I have to say that I would only take this forward with a sizeable team, preferably involving at least one of the Gaelic speaking priests.
The Gaelic Society of the Catholic Church or whatever its name would be could hopefully attract funding from Bòrd na Gàidhlig as well as other organisations for particular projects or possibly even for a development officer.
This society could look at whether Gaelic training courses for priests can be run in conjunction with other churches or if this isn’t practical we could run our own.
In my view the society should have an internet and social media presence.
The Society could provide training resources such as sound files of Mass and popular prayers in Gaelic for those priests who might want to include elements of the language into their services. These could be made available to everyone on a website. Occasional Gaelic Masses could be broadcast there, too.
Furthermore, when I was received into the Church some eleven years ago I was surprised to hear that there was no Gaelic translation of the liturgy of First Communion available. This could be looked at.
We could look at whether more bilingual signage is possible or whether there might even be a desire to have universal branding of Catholic Churches in Scotland and they could all get bilingual signs. This would certainly show support of Scottish culture by the Catholic Church. Comunn na Gàidhlig, the language development agency, has long argued that big companies which use Gaelic in their signage consequently achieve more of a local feel. Thus the Co-op and several banks have adopted such a policy.
Tha mi an dòchas gum biodh cuid de mhuinntir Uibhist is Bharraigh a’ gabhail pàirt sa chomann seo agus dh’fhaodte gum bu chòir dha a bhith suidhichte aig cathair-eaglais na sgìre sin, anns an Òban.
I would very much hope to get a strong contingent of participants from Uist and Barra. As we have seen, there doesn’t seem to be a divide between the Catholic Faith and Scottish culture there. Maybe the society’s headquarters could be based in Oban to facilitate travel from the islands as well as from around Scotland. The cathedral of the Diocese of Argyll and the Isles with most of today’s Gaelic speaking Catholics seems to be an appropriate base although there certainly is a sizeable number in Glasgow as well.
Chan eil mi air m’ inntinn a dhèanadh suas buileach fhathast, ach dè mu dhèidhinn comann eacumanagach a dhèanadh dheth leis gu bheil co-dhiù dà eaglais eile a’ tarraing air an aon ràmh. Dh’fhaodadh ge-tà nach bi sin pragtagach.
I’d like to throw another thought in. Last week I read in the Scottish Catholic Observer about Scottish Churches Housing Action, an ecumenical organisation, working to reduce homelessness. In the article it said the Catholic Church was a member. Ecumenism has long been important to me. As John Watts, who recently wrote a book on the history of the Diocese of Argyll and the Isles, once told me in an interview: “As long as Christianity is divided, who would want to be a Christian?” Our division as Christians makes us a lot less appealing to people of other faiths and none and it makes us a lot weaker. I understand that there is an argument, that we mustn’t water down our faith so much that it then becomes irrelevant. But if the Catholic approach is to make “them become us,” it is unlikely to unite Christians.
Bearing this in mind I wonder if there is an opportunity here to make this an ecumenical society given that there is already willingness to cooperate from two other churches. When I was a student at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, a fellow student, Kevin McLaughlin, and I started a truly ecumenical Christian society which we called Solas, Gaelic for light. There may be operational reasons not to do this here if it turns out to be impractical. On the other hand the potential is for it to have a wider positive effect for the development of the language, traditional Scottish culture and faith across a number of churches in Scotland. The Church of Scotland’s Gaelic language plan specifically states in several places that they hope to work together with other denominations.
Mar sin, bu chòir dha a bhith na amas dha comann dhe leithid gus a’ Ghàidhlig a dhèanadh nas follaisiche, gus am bithear ga cluinntinn barrachd agus gum bi cothroman ann ga uisneachadh nas trice san Eaglais. Ach gu dearbha feumar a h-uile duine a thoirt leinn. Ma tha ùidh agaibh ann an iomairt mar seo bhithinn airson cluinntinn bhuaibh.
In brief it should be the aim of such a society to make Gaelic more visible, more audible and offer more opportunities to use it in our Church while making sure we take everyone with us. If this is something that you would like to be involved in, then please do get in touch with me. As it stands I have already recruited two people and I haven’t really tried very hard, yet.
Tha mi deonach gu leòr feuchainn ri cèistean sam bith a fhreagairt.
I will try my best to answer any questions there might be.
Latest update from my column in the Scottish Catholic Observer (English below):
Fhuair Comann Gàidhlig na h-Eaglaise Caitligich cead bho Easbaig sgìre Earra-Ghàidheal is nan Eilean gluasad air adhart. Tha co-dhiù deichnear air ùidh a nochdadh gus pàirt a ghabhail ann cuideachd gu ruige seo. Nam measg tha sagart às a’ Pholainn aig a bheil Gàidhlig agus fear eile a tha na oileanach airson na sagartachd an Alba Nuadh. Tha a’ chuid as motha dhe na nochd ùidh a’ fuireach ann an Glaschu agus ’s ann faisg air an sin a bhios Mgr Jarosław Kwiecień tric stèidhichte as t-samhradh.
Le sin tha an Comann an dòchas tighinn còmhla aig Eaglais Bhaile Udain (136 Lower Millgate) air Distharna, 13 An t-Iuchair airson Aifhreann Ghàidhlig aig 12.30f. Às dèidh sin bidh biadh againn agus bu chòir dhan a h-uile duine rudeigin a thoirt leotha a bhios sinn a’ roinn eadarainn. An uair sin aig 2f bidh sinn a’ cumail a’ chiad choinneamh againn far am bi sinn a’ bruidhinn an toiseach mun a’ chruth laghail a bhios aig a’ Chomann agus dè na ciad ceumanan a tha sinn airson a ghabhail. Bu chòir dhan a’ choinneamh a bhith seachad aig 4f, ach bidh sin a-rèir na bhios a’ tachairt air an là.
Cuiridh sinn fàilte air neach sam bith aig a’ choinneamh seo agus chan fheum Gàidhlig a bhith aca, ged a bhiodh sin na bhuannachd. Tha sinn gu sònraichte airson cluinntinn bho dhaoine aig a bheil sgilean ionmhais agus laghail. Bidh sin feumail dar a thig e gu cèist cruth a’ Chomainn agus gus maoineachadh a thrusadh. Tha sinn cuideachd gu mòr airson cluinntinn bho dhaoine às na h-Eileanan Siar, sean agus òg. Agus bidh iomadach sgil eile a dhìth leithid cuideigin a chuireas làrach wordpress agus cunntas facebook is twitter air dòigh dhuinn.
Às dèidh dhomh bruidhinn ri Easbaig Brian McGee tha coltas ann nach bi e iomchaidh comann eacumanagach a stèidheachadh. Bha mi fhìn caran teagmhach mu dhèidhinn sin. Ged a bhiodh e glè mhath agus adhartach seo a dhèanadh, chan eil e freagarrach leis gu bheil na feumalachdan cho eadar-dhealaichte. Chan eil teagamh ge-tà nach eil mi an dùil obrachadh còmhla gu dlùth le buidheann Gàidhlig Eaglais na h-Alba agus Comann Gàidhlig na h-Eaglaise Easbuigiche Albannaiche no gu dearbha eaglais sam bith eile a chuireas a leithid a dh’iomairt air adhart san àm ri teachd.
A thuilleadh air cruth laghail a’ Chomainn bu chòir dhuinn priomhachasan a stèidheachadh aig a’ chiad choinneamh. Tha Easbaig Brian ag aontachadh gu bheil goireasan do shagartan a tha airson barrachd Ghàidhlig fhaicinn agus cluinntinn sna paraistean aca nam priomhachas. Nochd beachd gum bu chòir ag amas air na sgoiltean agus air taic do theaglaichean le ùrnaighean aig an taigh. Ach chan eil an liosta seo deiseil agus ma sibh airson cuideachadh leis an obair seo nach cuir sibh fios orm aig: email@example.com.
Gaelic Society of the Catholic Church
The project to establish a Gaelic Society of the Catholic Church has now received approval by Bishop Brian McGee of Argyll and the Isles diocese. Around ten people have so far shown an interest to participate. Among them is a Gaelic speaking priest from Poland. Most of those who expressed an interest live in and around Glasgow and Fr Jarosław Kwiecień will be based there in the summer.
The Society will therefore have its inaugural meeting at St John the Baptist Church, Uddingston, 136 Lower Millgate, on Saturday, 13th July. We will start with a Gaelic Mass at 12.30pm. Afterwards there will be a bring-and-share lunch and at around 2pm the formal meeting will discuss what form the Society should take and what its priorities will be. It should conclude at 4pm, but this may depend on those present. Everybody is welcome and while knowledge of Gaelic is an asset it is not a requirement. We would like to hear especially from people who have legal or accounting skills, but a range of other expertise will also be helpful, e.g. when it comes to setting up a wordpress page and social media accounts. We also very much want to hear from people from the Western Isles, young and old.
After speaking to Bishop Brian it seems that an ecumenical set-up will simply be impractical. However, I envisage us working very closely with the Gaelic Group of the Church of Scotland and the Gaelic Society of the Scottish Episcopal Church or indeed any other denomination that would set-up a similar venture in the future. At the first meeting priorities will have to be established. Bishop Brian agrees that facilities for priests to increase the use of Gaelic in their parishes is one of them. Others have said we should be aiming at schools and devotions for the home. This list isn’t exhaustive and if you would like to participate, please do get in touch at: firstname.lastname@example.org.
2 thoughts on “Comann Gàidhlig na h-Eaglaise Caitligich/ A Gaelic Society of the Catholic Church”
I am interested in your plan to set up a Catholic Gaelic Society. At the moment I am an advanced learner of the language so I think some parts of the Mass could be in Gaelic. Oban would be a fairly convenient place to meet as I live in Perthshire and am in the Diocese of Dunkeld. I look forward to hearing from you.
Halo a Sheumais, Good to “hear” from you. Did you see the first meeting is on Saturday in Uddingston? Gach beannachd


A Soul Care Retreat Embodying Celtic and First Nations Wisdom
“Stand at the crossroads and look, ask for the ancient paths, ask where the good way is and walk in it, and you will find rest for your souls.” Jeremiah 6:16
Led by Cheryl Bear & Cheryl Buchanan
Friday November 24 – Sunday November 26, 2017
Cheryl & Cheryl will take you on a journey exploring ancient wisdom from our First Nations and Celtic heritages. We will look at teachings and practices of our Elders, and discover the deep truths of honour, respect, humility, silence, attentiveness, and discover how they align with our Sacred Scriptures. We will delight in creation, and allow that to draw us nearer our Creator. We will slow down, breath deep, and experience a heightened awareness of all our senses: listening, touching, seeing, smelling, tasting. We will find rest for our souls.
Will you join us? Limited space so reserve your spot early.
Location: Barnabas Family Ministries – Keats Island, BC http://www.barnabasfm.org/
Times: Leave Horseshoe Bay 6:00 PM Friday Nov. 24. Arrive back in Horseshoe Bay 2:00 PM Sunday Nov. 26
Cost: $340.00 Includes meals, beautiful rooms, (double occupancy), sailing from Horseshoe Bay.
If you have any questions feel free to contact us via firstname.lastname@example.org


Monday With Skyler
Inspire Me Monday
Join us here for Inspire Me Monday
I’m so glad it’s Monday. I feel great today because Skyler is visiting me today. He inspires me to be a better person.
God has blessed me with plenty of grands. This is my newest grand Skyler. He is about a year and a half old. This picture was taken about four months ago. He’s growing so fast. His mom, Tess, will give birth to my third great grand May 23rd. The whole family is looking forward to the new baby.
This is Skyler’s family at Christmas. What a beautiful family. These people are a joy to all of us. I’m so thankful to say that I helped care for Tess as she grew up, For me there is no greater joy than children. Watching them play and create new things each day. The older grands put on plays for us. They go through my clothes to create characters for the play. It makes me wish we could have recorded my children as they grew up and did the same things for us.
Here is a link to a wonderful Bible message I listened to this morning. I hope you will listen to it.


The Principal, Board of Governors and teachers welcome new students and their families to Pukekohe Christian School. Nestled in the semi-rural surrounds of Pukekohe, the school is located in Yates Road, minutes from the centre of the town. PCS is an independent Christian School catering for boys and girls from Year 1 through to Year 13 teaching the Cambridge curriculum to all year levels.
Keep up to date with all of our latest news items.
Each year level at PCS has their own blog to showcase examples of their work and keep the community up to date with their activities.
At Pukekohe Christian School we welcome parents and students keen to find out more about what makes us special. Come and join us for a visit and meet our principal, Mrs Carolyn Cornu.
Our enrolment process is a simple 4-step process and open to all families seeking a nurturing independent rural school. PCS caters for children from Year 1 to 13, teaching the Cambridge International Curriculum with a Christian foundation that runs through every aspect of school life.Enrolment Enquiry


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My name is Gabriella. Iʼm 24 years old and came to Betel from Kings Cross, London.
I started experimenting with drugs when I was 12. I was someone who would always take things to the extreme. I left home at 15 to live with my boyfriend. Together we got deeper into drugs, eventually becoming heroin addicts. By 17 I was in prison. For a while I lived the "highlife" with a good job and good money but soon ended up on the streets begging. I experienced a lot of abuse physically and mentally in my relationship.
In the end, two ladies from the Salvation Army showed me concern. It was then that I realised there must be a way out. It is through Betel that God has really turned my life around. Iʼve regained confidence. I have a hope and a future to look forward to now. I wake up every day knowing that Iʼm free from drugs.
God is really filling that emptiness I was trying to fill and has restored the relationship with my family. My husband Lee and I lead the Betel work in the London area and are now married with two beautiful children, a daughter and a son!
It is through Betel that God has really turned my life around. Iʼve regained confidence. I have a hope and a future to look forward to now


Georgian church songs (chorales) which reached the highest point of their development in the 10th—11th centuries, are a "outstanding monument or Georgian music". Academician Ivane Djavakhishvili believes that already in the 9th century if not earlier there existed in Georgia a theory of church singing which was called "the science of voice study". In Georgia's churches and monasteries, as well as in Georgian cultural centers abroad - on Sinai, Atho, and in Palestine — a great importance was attached to the art of choral singing. At the same time there appeared books on hymnography - such a collections of eight-voices chants (models of chorales). Hymnographers Joane Minchkhi, Mikael Modrekili, Joane Mtbevari, Evtime and Giorgi Mtatsmindeli, Efrem Mtsire and others are mentioned in the collection of church chorales of the 10th and 11th centuries. They not only translated Greek texts of chorales but often themselves composed new masterpieces. Chorales were recorded in neumatic system of the first half of X century. Graphically Georgian neums differed from the Greek and Latin ones. They are not decrypted till now. They should be studied in comparison with early Byzantine system used in Greek chants since initially Georgian church singing had been developing on the basis of Georgian texts. Later it acquired traditional traits of folk polyphonic singing. At the beginning of this century church chorales were studied and performed by the specialists who inherited this priceless legacy from the previous generations. During the centuries chorales were passed orally. Both in Western and Eastern Georgia there were schools where young people were taught choral singing. Graduates were sent to various monasteries and churches. There were two main types of chorales in Georgia: so-called Gurian which were spreaded mostly in Western Georgia and Kartalinian-Kahetian in Eastern Georgia. Late in XIX and in XX centuries musicians recorded on the phonograph and notated hundreds of rare old Georgian chorales. You can listen to some of them online from this web-site.