Be prepared with the most accurate 10-day forecast for Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands with highs, lows, chance of precipitation from The Weather Channel and Weather.com 34 °F. The stronger the ups and downs, the more uncertain the forecast will be. NE 21 mph. Check the weather, rainfall radar, satellite images, wind, weather index and weather widgets for Eindhoven This chart shows the 14 day weather trend for Eindhoven (North Brabant, Netherlands) with daily weather symbols, minimum and maximum temperatures, precipitation amount and probability. Eindhoven Weather Forecast. NE 21 mph. 01.20 wed. DAY. ... 14 day weather forecast. Animated forecast maps with rain, wind, satellite and temperatures. The weather forecast for Eindhoven for the next 14 days. Latest 16 day local weather forecast for eindhoven. precip 27%. NIGHT. Get unlimited access to all of our premium weather pages and the latest data for just £19.90 / €29.90 per year or £3.50 / €4.99 per month! NIGHT. 38 °F. Always up-to-date. Long range weather outlook for Eindhoven includes 14 day forecast summary: For Eindhoven in the coming two weeks the average daytime maximum temperature will be around 4°C, with a high for the two weeks of 7°C expected on the afternoon of Thursday 31st. Eindhoven: Monthly weather averages. DAY. DAY. Weather forecast Eindhoven this week. 14 day weather in Eindhoven. Here you will find the 14 day weather forecast for Eindhoven. precip 0%. Forecast Cities precip 20%. Weather forecast for more than 200.000 cities around the world. precip 28%. The deviance is coloured within the temperature graph. Find the most current and reliable 14 day weather forecasts, storm alerts, reports and information for Silver Spring, MD, US with The Weather Network. Detailed weather forecast updates 4 times each day to give the very latest prospects. Access detailed hourly and 14 day forecasts, current conditions, maps, warnings, meteograms, historical data and more for Eindhoven World Resorts Netherlands Eindhoven Weather 14 Day Weather Forecast. Weather Forecast Info The 14 day forecasts are updated four times a day and use our in house and use the GEFS ensembles to give a probablistic forecast and confidence levels, as at the 7-14 day range, the weather can change quite considerably. The 14-day weather forecast for the US, hourly weather forecast and current conditions. 46 °F. 48 °F. 01.18 mon. NE 12 mph. NE 17 mph. 01.19 tue.


computer modeling, researchers at the University of Calgary and the
University of Victoria in Canada evaluated the effects on the
environment if carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were reduced to zero by
2010 and by 2100, and predicted the results going out to the year 3000.
the researchers' surprise, the modeling indicated that climate change
will continue warming the atmosphere for a long time even without any
further emissions. As a result, disasters are inevitable, including a
30% drying out of parts of North Africa.
In addition, the heat's
spread could raise deep ocean temperatures by as much as 5 degrees,
causing the eventual collapse of the massive Western Antarctic ice sheet
and a consequent several-meter sea level rise.
Calgary geography Professor Shawn Marshall stated, “Even if we change
behavior and totally change society, we're still in store for a lot of
bad scenarios.” However, he pointed out that despite the long-term
effect of present-day CO2 emissions, it is still necessary to mitigate
them, and that by doing so some of the damaging effects, such as Arctic
sea ice loss, could be slowed or even reversed.
reinforces other research, such as that done by Dr. David Archer at the
University of Chicago, USA, which finds that because CO2 has such a long
atmospheric lifetime, those reductions alone will not succeed in
reversing climate change.
As a result, a small but growing
number of climate experts and organizations such as the Climate
Institute and the Arctic Council are calling for policies to focus on
reducing methane, ground level ozone and black carbon, all of which
dissipate from the atmosphere much more quickly.
Marshall, Dr. Archer and colleagues, we appreciate your work in further
revealing the complexities of climate change and the threats we face
even with a complete elimination of CO2 today. We look forward to
humanity's adoption of fast-acting solutions to save lives and our
During a March 2009 videoconference in California, USA,
Supreme Master Ching Hai explained another factor besides carbon dioxide
in global warming that could help to cool the planet.
Supreme Master Ching Hai :
Climate scientists are telling us more and more that if we reduce
livestock industry, we'd reduce methane. And that is the most immediate
way to cool the planet, because CO2 from fossil fuel may take tens of
thousands of years, to leave the atmosphere and cool the planet,
according to the research. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/prairies/new-study-suggests-climate-change-would-
But methane hotter than CO2, and
dissipate on average over 10 years or 20 years. The latest report from
IPCC scientist Dr. Kirk Smith in the USA said that methane could be 60
to100 times hotter than CO2, averaged over 20 years.
So, if methane is reduced, the warming will be reduced immediately.
So, the way we reduce the methane is by reducing animal agriculture. We have to change to a vegetarian diet, animal-free diet.


Exposure to pollution during pregnancy may be linked to lower cognitive scores in infants, according to a study published in the journal Environmental Health.
Experts at the University of Colorado studied 161 healthy participants residing in California as part of the Southern California Mother’s Milk Study.
“Higher exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy, particularly in the mid and late prenatal periods, was inversely associated with scaled and composite motor, cognitive, and language scores at 2 years,” the authors established in their study.
“These results indicate that prenatal ambient air pollution may negatively impact neurodevelopment in early life.”
“This study adds to the growing body of literature cataloging the negative health consequences of both pre- and postnatal ambient air pollution exposure that should be used to inform policy efforts to limit human exposure to air pollutants.”


The MetService have lifted the Heavy Rainfall Warning for our District. We are still likely to get some heavy rain overnight tonight so this situation could potentially change depending on how the weather system continues to track/evolve. We will update you all with any new information as it comes to hand, but for now the WARNING IS LIFTED.
The biggest rainfall totals during that time were as follows: Rip 143.4mm, Puketoro 125mm, Waerenga-O-Kuri 116.8mm, Arowhana 116.6mm, Wharekopae 108.2mm and Matawai 107.8mm.
The Waipaoa river had risen to 5.27 metres but is now dropping along with all the other rivers. The Hikuwai had peaked at 4.1 metres and the Waimata at 2.7 metres.


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Severe Winter Weather to Impact VA
The National Weather Service is calling for a major winter storm with snowfall totals range from 1”-11” across much of Virginia. Travel will become dangerous and citizens in these areas are asked to stay off the roads once the storm begins until the roads are cleared. Power outages are likely. Please report power outages to your power company. If you have electric-dependent medical equipment, now is the time to charge all batteries, including back-ups. Get more information on preparing for a winter storm here.


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Length: 11:07 | ES | Views: 298
Upon viewing the video and completing the enclosed student activities, students will be able to do the following:Understand that Earth is made up of three important things: land, water, and air. Identify each of these things. Explain that air surrounds ... Earth and makes up the atmosphere. Know that the atmosphere consists of a mixture of gases. List some of the general properties of gases such as the fact they are invisible, and most do not have an odor. State the importance of oxygen to animals. Explain how carbon dioxide is important to plants. Understand that water vapor is a gas that consists of tiny water particles. Explain that weather is the daily condition of the atmosphere. Know that weather is continually changing. Know that there are several layers of the atmosphere with each having different characteristics.


Rain Gauge :
with glass conforming to Meteorogical Deptt.:
Rain gauge is designed to measure the precipitation. This small Version consisting of upper and lower housing part, measuring cylinder; Housing made of stainless steel, orifice rim made of brass.
Type 7019.0000 can be supplied with a receiving area of 100 cm2. (This type is not conforming to meteorological standards).
- Receiving area: 100 cm².
- Rain measure (graduated glass): 250 cm³.
- measuring range: 0 t0 25 mm precipitation (relative to a receiving area of 100 cm²).
- Graduation: 1/1 mm precipitation.
- Dimensions: di115 mm; height 300 mm.
- Weight: approx. 0.8 kg.


Raise awareness of the issues related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as the assessment of the carbon footprint of your activity in order to put in place an appropriate action plan to reduce it.
Understand the issues related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Know the different stages of carrying out a carbon balance sheet to assess the GHG emissions of an activity.
Identify the levers for reducing the carbon footprint of an activity.
Initiate a process to reduce the carbon dependence of its activity.
The interactive presentation including a methodology and implementation tools, allows a good acquisition of skills.
Managers, Manager or in charge of QSE/HSE/CSR/Environment, all employees.
Address: Color Business Center, 19 rue de l'industrie L-6089 Bertrange.
For in-company training, please contact us.


Most Loudouners are safely hunkered down at home today as the spring season’s first—hopefully only—snowstorm has closed schools, closed governments and cancelled most other planned events.
The storm is expected to dump 5 to 10 inches of heavy wet snow in the area.
Loudoun is on the fringe of the large nor’easter that will bury communities to the north more deeply. But it has become part of the national story of the storm (dubbed Winter Storm Toby), with the Weather Channel’s Justin Michaels providing live updates from downtown Leesburg.
Even the main highways remain snow covered this morning and residents are urged to stay home today. In addition to school and government closings, many businesses are closed and services, such as trash collection, have been suspended.
At noon today, Loudoun County Public Schools sent an alert saying that classes and all activities are cancelled tomorrow, Thursday, March 22.
Snow it expected to continue throughout the day.


Northland Storm Chaser
NOTE: Gotta wait till spring / summer 2005
to see more thunderstorm clips.
January 1 2005. WHAT A WAY TO START THE YEAR! earliest thunderstorm ever, and 3 inch per hour snowfall rates. 40mph gusts
off the lake. AKA THUNDERSNOW!
OCTOBER 29 2004 - RARE STORMS, VIDEO NOT WORTH IT THOUGH
September 23 2004. An amazing roll cloud
September 12 and 13 2004. Freezing one day, hot the next.
August 26 2004
Late night lightning - July 13 2004.
Photo's of a shelf cloud that rolled through Duluth Mn on September 23 2004
THE PICTURE BELOW: Look how tiny the High Bridge looks compared to the shelf! This truely is the most amazing shelf cloud
I've ever seen.


Weather in Phu Quoc Island – air temperature and humidity
This route has been recently opened to tourists from the former Soviet Union. Before the trip you should find out about the weather on the island. Turning to a travel agency, you can choose the most attractive month for yourself.
The island is located in the tropics, so the monsoon tropical winds often blow here, which change direction twice a year. During the wet season, the air masses feed on moisture and move in the direction of the land; in the dry season, the wind blows from the coast towards the sea.
During the year, the island reigns hot. Significantly softened the heat in the wet season, which continues from April to October. It rains often at this time, and the sun appears occasionally in the sky. The percentage of air humidity is extremely high. Sometimes the rate approaches 90%.
From mid-autumn to early spring here is dry. The percentage of moisture decreases every month. Sometimes the dry season includes the time from October to early summer.
In October – November, in winter and spring (until May), the weather is quiet. A little wind rarely worries. Air masses move at a speed of 7-16 km / h.
July – October – Typhoon Period. At this time, blowing many strong winds, alternating periods of calm. Sometimes its speed exceeds 50 km / h, and sometimes the weather is calm.
Storm is a strong wind that lasts a long time. With him the sea is worried, the waves rise high. The storm period on the island lasts from July to September. Sometimes it also captures October. At this time, swimming in the sea is not recommended.
Water and air temperature
Throughout the year, the air warms up from 25 to 33 degrees Celsius. More comfortable temperature – from the beginning of autumn to May. Breathing at this time is easy, which can not be said about the period of rain. No wonder tourists do not want to come here at this time.
Ocean waters washing Phu Quoc warm from 21 degrees in winter to 28-30 in summer. You should swim with caution during storms, although the weather at this time is comfortable.
Fukuoka weather forecast
When making plans to go here at the beginning of summer, the tourist should know that it will often rain at this time. The sun’s rays rarely illuminate the earth, but the air is heated to 25-28 degrees.
September is marked by a decrease in the humidity of air masses, so rain will pour less often than in summer. The sea water is turbid in the autumn, as under the influence of stormy weather sand particles rise from the bottom.
In winter, the island can rest comfortably. February is considered the driest, based on meteorological data. During the day, the temperature varies from +30 to +32 degrees. At night, it drops to +22 degrees.
In the spring months the sun shines more, the thermometer exceeds the level of 25-30 degrees. A dry period begins, which ends with the beginning of summer.
Monthly Weather Comparison
We offer to see how the weather changes by months.
The weather is good, the rain is not frequent, it lasts for several minutes. Then everything again floods with sunlight. Coastal waters are clear, warming up to 27 degrees. You can see the bottom in them. This contributes to the study of the underwater world.
The air in the daytime is heated to 30 degrees, at night – not less than 27. Sometimes a small breeze blows, which is slightly refreshing. After lunch the weather becomes hot. The air temperature exceeds 35 degrees, so it is better to wait out the intense heat in the shade. In the evenings, tourists try to visit the sights, which are many in Fukuoka.
In comparison with January, the weather does not change. The sun shines brightly. Sometimes during the whole month you can not see a drop of rain. The air temperature exceeds 30 degrees during the day, falling slightly towards night. The sea warms evenly to 29 degrees.
The air in the first spring month warms up well, up to 33 degrees. At night, the temperature is slightly lower, 27-28 degrees. It sometimes rains after lunch, but it ends a few minutes later. There is a lack of wind, the air is excessively saturated with moisture, it is difficult to breathe.
Arriving tourists can go swimming in the clear waters, sunbathe on the beach, take a walk under a little warm rain.
One can only dream of freshness, since the temperature of air and water is almost equal. It rains a lot. Sometimes they can pour for an hour, but do not bring much anxiety. At this time, nice to walk.
The tourists who arrived in the morning sunbathe, and in the evenings they visit cafes and various places of entertainment. The weather is hot, it often rains in the evening, it becomes much easier to breathe. Vacationers often differ by numbers only in the morning.
Torrential rains often pour in late spring. There is an increase in wind, storm. But the sun shines as much as the sky is covered with clouds. Air and water warms up strongly, above 30 degrees.
Vouchers are cheap, so travelers with a moderate budget tend to get here in May.
At the beginning of summer, the sky is covered with clouds, but this does not affect the temperature of water and air. It is high, over 30 degrees. Often stormy, raining rains, so the air is humidified by 80 percent. Weather deterioration occurs in the afternoon, but in the morning you can lie on the beach or swim in the ocean.
The weather is attractive, temperature indicators are the same as at the beginning of summer, despite the heavy showers that go long and intensively. Vacationers do not seek to visit the tourist paradise this month due to high humidity and adverse weather conditions.
The temperature is high, although it often rains. Humidity exceeds 80 percent. During the day, powerful waves hit the shore.
There is a decrease in heat. If at noon the temperature is more than 30 degrees, then by night it drops to 26. Water warms up to 27 degrees. But swim does not give interference in the form of strong precipitation and waves. The amount of moisture exceeds the permissible values.
Tourists come here, tempted by an attractive price. But then they complain because of adverse weather conditions.
There is an improvement in the weather. It rains less frequently than at the beginning of autumn. Humidity decreases. Most rains occur in early October.
In late autumn, tourists in large numbers come to Phu Quoc. The weather is optimal, the heat is easily transferred, as it is significantly reduced by the breeze blowing from the ocean. At night, there is dryness, so it’s difficult to sleep without turning on the air conditioner.
In the morning and in the evening, vacationers bathe in the warm sea water that attracts cleanliness. Weather conditions are so favorable that hotels arrange events in the evening and at night, continuing until the morning.
December is the best month for a holiday on the island. Dry and warm, easy to breathe. There is a decrease in humidity up to 70 percent.
Tour operators recommend spending New Year’s holidays here. Every day will bring many impressions. There is entertainment for the elderly and young people.
Warm water. You can swim in it from morning to evening. But first it is necessary to apply sunscreen so as not to burn.
The island is one of the most attractive places to relax. Here you can relax throughout the year. Even in adverse weather conditions, tourists will find a lot of interesting things for themselves.


We are delighted to announce that Jasmine Targett's series Life Support Systems was shortlisted for the 2013 Artecycle Art Award at Incinerator Gallery.
The exhibition runs from the 24th May - 14th July.
About the Work
Life Support Systems uses NASA space suit helmet glass to map the history of monitoring Earth’s Atmosphere and today’s attitudes towards Climate Change: the forecast for tomorrow.
Visually we first became aware of the role Earth’s atmosphere plays in weather and sustaining our environment in the space race’s iconographic images. In the 1950s the dichroic glass lens of the space suit helmet reflected the first view of Earth as a tiny fragment in an ecosystem of universal proportions from which no part is immune from the changes of its counterparts. NASA’s further atmospheric observations have revealed the current ecological crisis.
We produce vast amounts of scientific data to comprehend changing environmental conditions. This information challenges our perception of our environment and ourselves as we strive to understand the balance we need to live sustainably.
Life Support Systems is a series of three atmospheric weather maps that chart shifting weather conditions in the atmosphere over Antarctica that have global implications. The work aims to explore how the forecast for tomorrow’s weather is reliant on our perception of our environment today.
You can see Jasmine talking more about the work by clicking (here)
You can find out more about the award by clicking (here)


Kyoto enters into force
Global Warming Accord Takes Effect Minus US, Australia
The Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement adopted in December 1997 in Japan, enters into force on February 16, 2005. The Protocol sets binding targets for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels, in order to address global warming.
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Differences between Weather and Climate
Weather and Climate Elements – Definition, Process, Classification, Change, Impact & Differences – For this discussion we will review about Weather and Climate which in this case includes elements, definitions, processes, classifications, changes, impacts and differences, to better understand and comprehend, see the review below.
Weather is the condition of the air at a time and in a narrow place/area. For example: the weather is sunny, lots of clouds, high wind pressure, hot or cool. Weather consists of all phenomena that occur in the atmosphere of the Earth or another planet. Weather is usually an activity of this phenomenon within several days. Weather averages over a longer period of time as climate. This aspect of the weather is further researched by climatologists for signs of climate change.
Weather and climate are expressed in terms of the physical elements of the atmosphere, which are hereinafter called weather elements or elements climate consisting of the receipt of solar radiation (flux density on a flat surface on the earth's surface) duration of solar radiation air temperature air humidity air pressure wind speed and direction cloud cover, precipitation (dew, rain, snow) evaporation/evapotranspiration.
The value of weather elements moment by moment for 24 hours in a place will show a cyclical pattern called diurnal weather changes (00:00 to 24:00). The values for each weather element can be averaged and produce the weather on that date.
Weather is recorded continuously at certain observation hours on a regular basis, producing a series of weather data which can then be processed statistically into climate data.
Also read articles that may be related: 5 Definition, Impact and Process of Acid Rain
Weather data consists of discontinue data because it easily returns to zero (0) and continue data because it does not easily drop to zero. Data on weather elements that are discontinuous include the receipt of solar radiation and the duration of exposure, precipitation (rainfall, dew and snow) and evaporation.
The presentation and analysis are in the form of accumulated values, while the graphic presentation is in the form of a histogram curve. Continuous weather data includes: temperature, humidity and air pressure and wind speed. The analysis and presentation are in the form of average numbers or instantaneous numbers, while the graphs are in the form of lines/curves.
Weather Occurrence Process
Weather and climate are two conditions that are almost the same but have different meanings, especially over time. Weather is an initial form that is connected with the interpretation and understanding of the instantaneous physical conditions of the air at a location and at a time, while climate is advanced conditions and is a collection of weather conditions which are then compiled and calculated in the form of average weather conditions over a certain period of time (Winarso, 2003).
According to Rafi'i (1995) Weather science or meteorology is the science that studies weather events within a limited period of time and space, while climate science or climatology is science which also studies weather phenomena, but these characteristics and symptoms have general characteristics over a wide period of time and in large areas in the earth's surface atmosphere.
Trewartha and Horn (1995) said that climate is an abstract concept, where climate is a composite of day to day weather conditions and atmospheric elements in a certain area over a certain period of time long. Climate is not just average weather, because no concept of climate is adequate without an appreciation of daily weather changes and seasonal weather changes as well as a succession of weather episodes caused by atmospheric disturbances that are always changing, even under study Regarding climate, emphasis is placed on average values, but deviations, variations and extreme conditions or values also have meaning important.
Trenberth, Houghton and Filho (1995) in Hidayati (2001) defines climate change as changes in the climate that are influenced directly or indirectly by Human activities that change the composition of the atmosphere will increase the observed climate variability over a sufficient period long. According to Effendy (2001), one of the consequences of climate deviation is the El-Nino and La-Nina phenomena. The El-Nino phenomenon will cause a decrease in the amount of rainfall far below normal for several areas in Indonesia. The opposite condition occurs when the La-Nina phenomenon occurs.
The process of weather and climate is a combination of the same atmospheric variables called climate elements. These climate elements consist of solar radiation, air temperature, air humidity, clouds, precipitation, evaporation, air pressure and wind. These elements differ from time to time and from place to place due to the existence of climate controllers (Anon,? ).
According to Lakitan (2002), climate control or the dominant factors that determine climate differences between one region and another are (1) relative position. to the sun's orbit (latitudinal position), (2) the presence of oceans or water surfaces, (3) wind direction patterns, (4) the appearance of the earth's land surface, and (5) density and type vegetation.
Weather and climate arise after complex physical and dynamic processes occur in the earth's atmosphere. The complexity of physical and dynamic processes in the earth's atmosphere begins with the rotation of the planet earth around the sun and the rotation of the earth on its axis. The movement of the planet Earth causes the amount of solar energy received by the Earth to be uneven, so naturally there is an effort to equalize the energy which is in the form of an air circulation system, apart from that the sun's energy emitting also varies or fluctuates from time to time (Winarso, 2003).
The combination of these processes with climate elements and climate control factors delivers us to the fact that weather and climatic conditions vary in terms of amount, intensity and its distribution. Environmental exploitation causes environmental changes and an increase in the population of the earth which is directly related to the addition of global greenhouse gases will increase variations the. Situations like this accelerate climate change which results in climate deviations from normal conditions.
Also read articles that may be related: A Brief Process of Rain and its Explanation
According to Winarso (2003), based on studies and monitoring in the field of climate, the longest weather and climate cycle is 30 years and The shortest is 10 years where this condition can indicate standard conditions which are generally useful for determining climate conditions per decade. Climate deviations may occur, are occurring or have already occurred if we look beyond the current weather and climate conditions.
Weather and Climate Elements
The following are several elements of weather and climate, consisting of:
Air temperature is measured with a thermometer, the paper containing the temperature record is called a thermogram. There are various types of thermometers that can be used to measure air temperature, namely mercury, maximum, minminum, maximum and minimum thermometers. Types of six belani, binetal, bourdan, and resistance thermometers, below is a maximum-minimum thermometer of the six belani type.
Air temperature measurements are carried out continuously for 24 hours to obtain the daily average temperature. It is used to determine the monthly temperature, the average monthly temperature is used to determine the annual temperature and the average monthly temperature is taken for one year and the average annual temperature is taken for several year.
It is air that has mass so it can press on the earth's surface. A tool for measuring air pressure is called a barometer. The barometer was discovered by Torricelli in 1644, the result of the discovery of another air pressure measuring device, the barometer Anaroid, this barometer is easy to carry to other places and can also be used to measure the height of places above the water surface sea. The lines on a map that connect places that have the same air pressure are called Isobars.
Is the flow of air from one place to another. Wind can occur if there are factors that cause the wind to have direction and speed. Usually to determine the direction of the wind, wind flags and wind bags are used. The direction of the wind flag always points in the direction the wind is coming, wind speed is measured with an anemometer and the resulting record is called an anemoram. The unit of wind speed is km per hour or knots (1 knot = 1.854 per hour).
There are 2 types, namely absolute humidity and relative humidity. Absolute humidity is the amount of water vapor contained in 1 cubic meter of air. While relative humidity is the ratio between the amount of water in the air and the volume and temperature, a tool to measure relative humidity is called a hygrometer.
Formula for calculating relative humidity:
Is the amount of rainwater that falls to the ground surface, the amount of rainfall is measured with a rainfall measuring instrument (fluviometer) called an ombiometer. This ombiometer is installed in a place that is not protected by trees or buildings. There are several places on the surface of the earth that have the same rainfall, places that have the same frequent rainfall depicted on a map in the form of lines on a map that connect places that have the same rainfall are called isohyet.
Is a collection of water droplets or ice crystals that occur due to condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere, clouds occur because the air containing water vapor rises so that the temperature drops below the dew point, these clouds can be solid objects or gas.
Broadly speaking, clouds have three forms, namely:
- Cirrus clouds or feather clouds are clouds that are thin like fibers or feathers. Very tall and usually consists of water crystals.
- Stratus clouds or layered clouds are flat, almost shapeless clouds. Usually gray in color and cover the sky over a large area.
- Cumulus clouds or lumpy clouds are thick clouds with vertical movement. At the top it is semi-circular (dome) or like a cabbage and at the bottom it is flat.
Also read articles that may be related: Understanding and process of rainbow formation according to scientists
Climate is the average weather condition over a relatively large area and over a relatively long time (decades), the science that studies it is meteorology and the science that studies climate is climatology.
Climate needs to be studied and made into science so that humans can adapt to the natural environment. For example, people in high latitudes wear thick clothing and eat foods that contain lots of fat. In contrast, people in low latitudes wear clothes that are thin and easily absorb sweat. They make houses with lots of windows so that air circulation can flow smoothly so that the hot air temperature can be reduced.
On Earth, no two places have exactly the same weather and climate characteristics. Both of them only have climate similarities, so they can be grouped into main climate zones.
The following are several climate classifications, consisting of:
The climate of an area is determined by five main factors, namely latitude, main winds, land mass or continent, ocean currents, and topography. Based on these factors, climatologists classify the climate on Earth into several types, including the following.
1. Solar Climate
The Sun's climate classification is based on the latitude factor. Differences in latitude on the Earth's surface affect the amount of sunlight energy it encounters. This situation causes the air temperature in low latitude regions (the equator) to be hotter than in high latitude regions (the poles).
2. Climate According to Koppen
In 1900, Wladimir Koppen, a German climatologist classified the world's climate into five groups. The climate classification is based on rainfall and air temperature. Apart from that, it also considers vegetation and the distribution of soil types. The classification system is arranged using upper and lower case letters. Each group uses a single uppercase symbol. Meanwhile, the subgroup uses two letters, namely a combination of upper and lower case letters. Climate classification according to Koppen, namely the five climate groups types A, B, C, D, and E.
Type A Climate (Tropical Rainy Climate)
Type A climate areas have high rainfall, high evaporation (average 70 cm3/year), and average monthly air temperatures above 18° C. Annual precipitation is more than annual evaporation, there is no winter. Type A climate areas are grouped into three as follows.
- The Af type climate has hot temperatures and high rainfall throughout the year. In areas with type A climates there are many rainforests. Examples: Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua. Af type climate regions have the following characteristics:
- the forest is very dense and heterogeneous (a variety of plants);
- there are many climbing plants; as well as
- there are types of plants such as ferns, palms, and.
- The Am type climate has hot temperatures, a rainy season and a dry season with clear boundaries between the rainy and dry seasons. Areas with type Am climates include West Java, Central Java, South Sulawesi and southern Papua. Type Am climate areas have the following characteristics:
- rainfall depends on the season;
- short and homogeneous plant type; as well as
- homogeneous forest that sheds its leaves when.
- Aw type climate has hot air temperatures, a rainy season and a longer dry season compared to the Aw type climate. Aw is found in East Java, Madura, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, the Aru Islands and parts of Papua south. Type Aw climate areas have the following characteristics:
- savanna-shaped forest (savanna);
- types of grassland and shrub plants; And
- the tree is of various types
Also read articles that may be related: Climate – Definition, Characteristics, Elements, Components, Types and Impacts
Type B Climate (Dry Climate)
The characteristics of type B climate are high evaporation with low rainfall (average 25.5 mm/year) so that throughout the year evaporation is greater than rainfall. There is no water surplus. In areas with type B climates there are no permanent rivers. Type B climate areas are divided into type Bs (steppe climate) and type Bw (desert climate).
Type C Climate (Warm Temperate Climate)
Type C climate experiences four seasons, namely winter, spring, autumn and summer. The average air temperature of the coldest month is (–3)°C – (–8)°C. There is at least one month with an average air temperature of 10° C. Type C climate is divided into three, as follows.
- Cw type climate, namely a moderately wet climate (mesothermal humid) with winter ones
- Cs type climate, namely a moderately wet climate with hot summers
- Type Cf climate, namely a moderately wet climate with rain throughout
Type D Climate (Cold Snow Climate)
Type D climate is a snow forest climate with an average air temperature in the coldest month < – 3° C and an average air temperature in the warmest month > 10° C. Type D climate is divided into two:
- Df type climate, namely cold snow forest climate with all months
- The region has a type Dw climate, namely a cold snow forest climate with cold winters
Type E Climate (Polar Climate)
Type E climate areas are characterized by not knowing summer, there is eternal snow and moss fields. The air temperature never exceeds 10° C. Type E climate regions are divided into type Et (tundra climate) and type Ef (polar climate with eternal snow). Type E climate is found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
3. Climate According to Schmidt–Ferguson
Schmidt–Ferguson classifies climates based on the average number of dry months and the average number of wet months. A month is called a dry month if there is less than 60 mm of rainfall in one month. It is called a wet month if the rainfall is more than 100 mm in one month.
The Schmidt and Ferguson climate is often called the Q model because it is based on the Q value. The Q value is the ratio of the average number of dry months to the average number of wet months. The Q value is formulated as follows:
Q=((Average dry month):(Average wet month)) x 100%
The Q value is determined from calculating the average of dry months and wet months over a certain period, for example 30 years.
4. Climate According to Oldeman
Determination of climate according to Oldeman uses the same basis as determination of climate according to Schmidt-Ferguson, namely the element of rainfall. Wet months and dry months are associated with agricultural activities in certain areas so that the climate classification is also called agro-climatic zones. For example, rainfall of 200 mm per month is considered sufficient to cultivate lowland rice.
Meanwhile, to cultivate secondary crops, the minimum amount of rainfall required is 100 mm per month. In addition, a 5 month rainy season is considered sufficient to cultivate lowland rice for one season. In this method, the basis for determining wet months, humid months and dry months is as follows.
- Wet month, if the rainfall is > 200
- A humid month, when the rainfall is 100–200
- Dry month, if the rainfall is <100
Also read articles that may be related: Atmospheric Layers
5. Climate According to Junghuhn
Junghuhn classified climate based on altitude and linked climate to the types of plants that grow and produce optimally according to the temperature in their habitat. Junghuhn classifies climates into four
- 0-700 m, hot zone, examples- rubber, coffee, sugar cane, corn, coconut
- 700-1500 m, temperate zone, examples- tea, quinine
- 1500-2500 m, cool zone, example- pine
- > 2500 m, cold zone, example- moss
Influence Weather And Climate Against Life
Climatology is a small part of Meteorology. When studying climatology, you first need to know the definitions of weather and climate. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time.
So at different places and times the weather will be different. Climate is the course of weather conditions or the totality of weather phenomena in a particular area over a long period. The climate in a place is determined by a number of climate elements such as temperature, air humidity, rainfall, wind speed, duration of sunlight, and so on.
In fact, some of these climate elements are interactions between a number of climate factors, namely causes that determine climate patterns, such as latitude, wind direction, relief, soil type, and vegetation.
The influence of climate on life is very large, however, this does not mean that there is always a "cause and effect" relationship between climate and life. Humans cannot change the climate, all humans can do is influence the effects of the climate. For example, by creating a greenhouse, making artificial rain, and so on. There are three forms of climate influence on life:
- The effect if the temperature remains the same, but the amount of rain changes
- The effect if the temperature changes and the amount of rain is adequate
- The influence of climate over time or season
The influence of this climate can unknowingly bring about climate anomalies and micro-disasters for life. During the transition season, the wind direction in the Indonesian Archipelago is unclear and there are no areas with clear differences in air pressure.
Therefore, the wind direction is always changing. Apart from that, due to differences in local heating, it is not uncommon for the wind to move "in circles" like This is the case with the movement of "cyclonic" winds or more familiarly known as "puting beliung" or winds “quail”. The occurrence of tornadoes or whirlwinds in the transition season can be explained as follows:
At a time when the temperature in the northern hemisphere is equal to the temperature in the southern hemisphere, the air pressure above it will not be much different. This incident will occur twice during the year. These seasons are called transition seasons in Indonesia. This transition season takes place approximately in March-April and October-November. This balance makes the wind movement, both in strength and direction, erratic. Because the temperature between the two hemispheres is equal, the air pressure is also equal and there is almost no difference. The only direction that exists for the movement of the wind is "up", hence the transition season It is also characterized by many incidents of "spinning winds" as a result of differences in air pressure local.
The following is a brief explanation of climate and its influence on life, as well as a case example Nowadays there are very striking seasonal changes and the appearance of "tornadoes" which are more or less detrimental man. Hopefully this little explanation can increase our knowledge in dealing with climate problems in life. High rainfall will have an impact on the abundance of water in many places. This abundance of water could cause flooding.
Also read articles that may be related: Global Warming Paper (Global Warming)
Even if it doesn't cause flooding, high rainfall will hamper human activities a little. That's just one of the influences of weather and climate on life. There are many other influences caused by the weather and climate in a place.
Weather and climate also influence soil type. The swampy type of land will make people build houses on stilts, as is often found in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. This house on stilts not only protects itself from flooding but also from wild animals that inhabit the swamps.
The large number of storms makes people in the Gunung Kidul area, Yogyakarta build houses with low roofs. The low roof of the house means that wind movement cannot blow away the roof of the house, which is partly made of coconut leaves.
The influence of weather and climate on natural resources cannot be said to be small. There are several types of plants and animals that cannot live in Indonesia's tropical climate. Even if you force yourself to maintain or plant certain types of plants or animals, special treatment must be taken and the results may not necessarily be the same as the plants found in the area of origin.
For example, date palm plants. Dates might grow, like the ones in Mekarsari Fruit Park, Jakarta. But special treatment of date palm plants must be carried out carefully. Good quality corn and wheat can grow abundantly in America and Europe. Cattle farms with excellent meat quality exist in New Zealand and Australia. It is quite difficult for Indonesia to compete with the quality of meat, let alone milk from these two countries.
Malaria is closely related to countries with tropical climates and those that still have lots of forests. But there are types of diseases that are difficult to develop in areas where the air does not allow viruses, bacteria or fungi to develop. It is not surprising that in a tropical country with humid air like Indonesia, asthma and skin diseases are developing rapidly in this archipelagic country.
Employment and Productivity
People in countries that have extreme weather and climate, such as Alaska, Iceland, live a different life from people in Indonesia. It is impossible for people in countries with extreme weather to farm.
Believe it or not, physical form is influenced by weather and climate. Pay attention to people who come from cold climates, their bodies are big and have a tall posture. A large body full of fat stores will be very useful for them to fight the bone-chilling cold. People in the mountainous regions of China and Japan tend to be short but stocky and very strong.
The Eskimos will not wear bikinis in broad daylight like those worn by many tourists in Bali and Hawaii. The Eskimos cover their bodies with thick clothes made from animal hair.
Also read articles that may be related: Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle)
Climate is defined as the average weather conditions over a large area over a very long time. Meanwhile, the definition of climate change is a change in the physical conditions of the earth's atmosphere, including temperature and rainfall distribution, which has a broad impact on various sectors of human life.
Indonesia has special characteristics, both in terms of position and existence, so it has specific climate characteristics. In Indonesia, there are three types of climate that influence the climate in Indonesia, namely seasonal climate (monsoon), tropical climate (hot climate), and marine climate. But now, the climate in Indonesia is becoming warmer. The climate has changed since the 20th century.
The average annual temperature has increased by about 0.3oC since 1900. Annual rainfall has fallen by 2 to 3 percent in Indonesia this century. Rainfall in several parts of Indonesia is strongly influenced by El-Nino events.
On the other hand, the IPCC also revealed that over the last 100 years (1906-2005) the average surface temperature of the earth has increased by around 0.74oC with greater warming on land compared to the ocean. The average rate of warming over the past 50 years is almost double that of the past 100 years.
One of the things that influences climate change is the Greenhouse Effect which is the result of absorption of energy by certain gases in the atmosphere and reradiating some of the heat to earth.
Without the natural greenhouse effect, the temperature on the earth's surface would be -18oC, not like the current temperature. Each greenhouse gas has a different global warming effect. Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere close to the earth's surface and the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.
Climate change is something that is difficult to avoid and has an impact on various sectors of life. Indonesia is at risk of experiencing significant losses due to climate change. Because of its existence as an archipelagic country, Indonesia is very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
Longer droughts, more frequent extreme weather events, and high rainfall leading to the danger of major flooding; -all of which are examples of the impacts of climate change. The submergence of parts of the country's land, -as happened in Jakarta Bay-, has begun to occur. Likewise, Indonesia's rich diversity of biological species is also at great risk.
In turn, this will have detrimental effects on the agriculture, fisheries and forestry sectors, leading to threats to food availability and livelihoods.
Climate change, one of which is global warming, will also raise sea levels, thereby inundating productive coastal areas which are now used as agricultural land. For example, in the Karawang area, West Java, local rice supplies will experience a large reduction as a result of the flooding.
Also, losses from the fish and shrimp production sector in the same area can reach more than 7,000 tons. If this prediction comes true, thousands of farmers in the area will have to look for other sources of livelihood.
Not only that, climate change will also increase the negative impacts of disease outbreaks that are transmitted through water or other vectors such as mosquitoes. In the late 1990s, El Nino and La Nina were associated with malaria and dengue outbreaks.
As a result of rising temperatures, malaria now also threatens areas previously untouched by cold temperatures, such as the highlands of Irian Jaya (2013 m. above sea level) in 1997 (Climate Hotmap). Research has also confirmed the relationship between increasing temperatures and dengue virus mutations. This means that existing dengue cases become more difficult to handle and cause more fatalities.
Other health problems may also be exacerbated by climate change. For example, humans with reduced heart function may be more vulnerable in hot weather because they require more energy to cool their bodies. Hot temperatures can also trigger respiratory problems. The concentration of ozone at ground level will increase due to warming temperatures. This will cause damage to human lung tissue.
Also read articles that may be related: "Greenhouse Effect" Definition & (Causes - Impact - How to Overcome)
Impact of Climate Change
The following are some of the impacts of climate change, consisting of:
- It is possible that 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will become extinct if the global average temperature increases by 1.5-2.5 degrees Celsius.
- The increase in CO2 in the atmosphere will increase the level of ocean acidity. This has a negative impact on marine organisms such as coral reefs and the species whose lives depend on these organisms.
Food and forest products
- It is estimated that agricultural productivity in tropical areas will decline if the global average temperature increases by between 1-2 degrees Celsius, thereby increasing the risk of famine.
- The increasing frequency of droughts and floods will have a negative impact on local production, especially on food supplies in the subtropics and tropics.
Coastal and lowland
- Coastal areas will become increasingly vulnerable to coastal erosion and rising sea levels. Coastal damage will be exacerbated by human pressure on coastal areas.
- It is estimated that by 2080, millions of people will be affected by flooding every year due to rising sea levels. The greatest risk is densely populated lowlands with low levels of adaptation. The populations most threatened are those in the deltas of Asia and Africa, but the most vulnerable are residents on small islands.
Freshwater Resources and Management
- Average river water flow and water availability in subpolar regions and wet tropical regions is expected to increase by 10-40 percent.
- Meanwhile, in dry subtropical and tropical areas, water will decrease by 10-30 percent, so that conditions in areas which currently frequently experience drought will become even worse.
Industry, settlements and society
- The most vulnerable industries, settlements and communities are generally located in coastal areas and riverbanks, as well as those whose economies are closely linked to resources that are sensitive to climate, as well as those who live in areas frequently hit by extreme disasters, where urbanization is taking place rapidly fast.
- Poor communities are particularly vulnerable due to their limited adaptive capacity, as well as their livelihoods highly dependent on resources that are easily affected by climate such as water supplies and food.
- Populations with low adaptive capacity will be increasingly vulnerable to diarrhea, poor nutrition, and changes in the distribution patterns of diseases transmitted through various insects and animals.
- Although GHG emission levels continue to increase, there are many opportunities to reduce them. One way is through changing lifestyle and consumption patterns. The IPCC provides policy recommendations and instruments that are considered effective in reducing GHG emissions, such as:
- Reducing fossil fuel subsidies.
- Carbon tax on fossil fuels.
- Obligation to use renewable energy.
- Determining electricity prices for renewable energy.
- Subsidies for producers
- Fuel economy obligations, use of biofuels and CO2 standards for road transport.
- Unstuck plebeian endbrain taxes, vehicle registration, fuel and road and parking fees.
- Designing transportation needs through land use regulations and infrastructure planning.
- Investing in public transportation facilities and non-motorized transportation.
- Applying standards and labeling to various equipment.
- Building certification and regulations
- Demand side management programs.
- Pilots by government circles include procurement.
- Incentives for energy services companies.
- Standard manufacturing
- Subsidies, taxes for credit.
- Permits that can be traded
- Voluntary agreement.
- Financial incentives and regulations to improve land management, maintain carbon content in the soil, use fertilizer and efficient irrigation.
- Financial incentives (national and international) to expand forest areas, reduce deforestation, maintain forests, and forest management.
- Land use regulations and enforcement of these regulations.
Waste management sector
- Financial incentives for better waste and liquid waste management.
- Incentives or obligations to use renewable energy.
- Waste management regulations.
Apart from that, we as a society can make efforts to reduce emissions such as:
- Use lighting efficiently and effectively. Use energy-saving lamps and a proper home lighting schedule
- Use electronic equipment, such as computers, TV, radio and air conditioning, only as needed.
- Reduce the use of private motorized vehicles.
- Maximize the use of public transportation and if you have to use a private vehicle, try to share it with those who have the same goal.
- Walk or use non-motorized transportation for short distances.
- If you must have a private vehicle, choose one that uses more fuel efficiently with a cleaner type of fuel.
- Foresight in choosing products is a big help in controlling GHG emissions. Overall, local products will provide smaller GHG emissions than imported products. Because imported products will emit GHGs in the transportation process from the country of origin to the country of destination.
- Don't forget, plant trees around the area where you live. Apart from being useful for refreshing the surrounding air, trees also function to absorb GHG emissions.
Climate change is clearly making human life miserable. Material losses and also loss of life are consequences that we must accept. Therefore, it is time for us, government, industry and society, to work together to prevent climate change.
Differences between Weather and Climate
Anna Lia-chan. February 24, 2011. http://rubynamie.blogspot.com/2011/02/musim-di-dunia.html Central Bureau of Statistics .1992. Indonesian Statistics. Jakarta: BPS.
Central Bureau. 1994. Indonesian Environmental Statistics. Jakarta: BPS. Central Bureau. 1995. Indonesian Environmental Statistics. Jakarta: BPS.
Hartono. 2007. Geography of Earth Exploration and the Universe. Bandung: Citra Raya http://www.masbied.com/2010/06/03/cuaca-dan-iklim/#more-2955
Sani. October 15, 2006. http://bumiindonesia.wordpress.com/2006/10/15/iklim-cuaca-dan- the change/
May 28, 2010. http://idedunia.blogspot.com/2010/05/klasifikasi-iklim.html
That's the discussion about Weather and Climate Elements – Definition, Process, Classification, Change, Impact & Differences Hopefully this review can increase your insight and knowledge, thank you very much for visiting.


Earth’s climate is changing because of manmade greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon dioxide and methane are the two main contributors to the enhanced greenhouse effect. Aerosols cool the Earth by scattering and through cloud formation, but it is uncertain by how much. Global warming can trigger tipping points in the Earth’s ecosystem; we study for example permafrost thaw, wildfires and climate-cloud relations
Research of the Earth’s atmosphere is vitally important for society. As watchful eyes over the earth, Earth observation satellites provide detailed information from which scientists deduce the global distribution of sources and sinks of greenhouse and air-polluting gases. With the Dutch/ESA TROPOMI instrument on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor mission we have one of the most advanced space instruments for atmospheric composition measurements at our disposal.
The Earth programme is headed by dr. Aaldert van Amerongen and consists of the Earth science group attached to the programme and instrument scientists assigned on a long-term basis to the programme.
Responsible for ¼ of human-made greenhouse effect
About 30 times more powerful than CO₂ (GWP-100)
Large emissions from fossil fuel industry, landfills, livestock
Small particles in the atmosphere
Largest unknown factor in climate change
Strong impact on air quality
Reactions with atmospheric gases contribute to global warming
Trace gas to calculate CO₂ emissions from forest fires
Most important human-made greenhouse gas
Hard to monitor emissions because of long lifetime
TROPOMI aboard Sentinel-5p can be used to detect large methane emission plumes everywhere around the world. These plumes are automatically detected using the machine-learning setup described in Schuit et al. (2023, ACPD preprint). The weekly world maps show approximate source locations based on single TROPOMI plumes as well as initial source rate estimates based on an automated mass balance method.
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This Webinar will cover Severe Storm Developments, 2021 Hurricane Season, Droughts, Fire Weather Season, Flooding Impacts, Tornadic Activity, Watches/Warnings/Advisory guidance, and applications available to the general public and emergency response officials. Our presenter, Ms. Wescott is not affiliated with the National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the National Hurricane Center but is providing this briefing from her 12 years of expertise in atmospheric studies and operational weather forecasting for emergency management and public safety planning.
Sunny Wescott, Lead Meteorologist, DHS-CISA
Considered a Subject Matter Expert on tropical, fire, polar, arctic, and severe storm events for CISA Communications and CISA Central Ms. Wescott produces briefings and outlook data for leadership and private sector executives.
Who can attend:
Open only to InfraGard members and their guests.


APRIL 2016 - COOLER AND DRIER THAN AVERAGE.
WEATHER: A month with changeable conditions: frequent showers and variable temperatures. Briefly more settled in the middle of the month.
TEMPERATURE: Mean 1.05 °C below average. The beginning and middle of the month saw temperatures close to average, but the last 9 days of April were rather cool. There were two air frosts during month and many cold nights at the month's end
RAINFALL: 40.6 mm, 81% of site average. The first half of April was rather wet although much of the rain came in the form of short downpours. There was a 6 day dry spell in mid-month follwed by a return to showery conditions. There were 4 days with thunder and two with hail ( the second of which gave a snow-like ground covering).
SUNSHINE: 141.4 hours, below average. There were many days with long sunny spells and cloudy days were spread over the month with no really dull spells of weather apart from the 15th & 16th. There was only 1 day without any sunshine.
Full monthly stats for April 2016.


Hurricane Barry is officially the first storm of the 2019 Hurricane Season. Hurricane Barry made landfall on July 13th around 10a.m. CDT as a Category 1 hurricane off the coast of Louisiana. This is the first named storm of the season and brought tremendous amounts of rainfall, flooding, and wind damage across multiple regions of the coast.
Barry only had a short stint at hurricane status as it quickly weakened to a still-powerful tropical storm several hours later. The storm prompted mandatory evacuations as it moved inland with 70-mph winds on Saturday, and resulted in tornado threats, blocked-off roadways, and overtopped levees as it triggered a significant flood threat across the lower Mississippi Valley.
Exceptional preparation and coordination between government and private organizations minimalized damage and allowed for quick response and recovery. The efforts of the Reentry Access Program also aided in the preparation and response to this storm, as we tirelessly serviced new and existing organizations and insured everyone received the appropriate documentation for reentry. All organizations requiring access received their documents and were able to access their facilities without any reported problems.
Hurricane Barry is just the beginning of what is forecasted to be a very active hurricane season within the Gulf and Atlantic. Activity in both regions is rapidly increasing and preparation for future storms needs to be a priority in the upcoming weeks and months.
For more information, and to register for your organizations reentry access, please visit https://eritn.com/registration


Get the news
Phoenix will cool down slightly this week
Chilly turn for Phoenix, slight warm-up on tap
Temperatures in area on Monday were 10 degrees below normal due to a low-pressure system that brought in cold air from the north.Weather
The congresswoman who lived in a gas station
U.S. Rep. Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., was homeless with her mother and siblings in Defuniak Springs, Fla., after her parents divorced. Her family lived in an abandoned gas station for more than two years. Nick Oza/azcentral.com | The Republic
Sergio hits Valley: Scattered showers in southeast AZ
Arizona is heading into another wet and soggy weekend, with remnants of Hurricane Sergio.Weather
Phoenix should see 80s, maybe 70s, for a while
With Hurricane Rosa moving out, Valley residents can get back to focusing on the usual weather issue: The temperature.Weather
Hurricane Rosa recalls Arizona’s history of flash floods
Arizona braces for flash flooding and heavy rain as remnants of Hurricane Rosa hit the desert.Weather
Hurricanes added up to cooler, wetter October
Phoenix saw record-setting rain in October. That wet, cloudy weather also added up to cooler than normal temperatures for the month.Weather
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Will Hurricane Willa bring rain to Phoenix?
Hurricane Willa is expected to have life-threatening impact in Mexico.Weather
Thunderstorm pounds Mesa, could bring hail
Meteorologists are predicting winds up to 60 mph and quarter-sized hail from a storm system moving through the Valley Sunday.Weather
Hail falls in Gold Canyon, Ariz. on Sunday
Reader Jessica Rhodes sent in a video of hail inundating a parking lot as she was on their way home off of the US 60 in Gold Canyon, Ariz.
Time lapse of storm moving into the East Valley
Time lapse of storm cell moving through the East Valley on Sunday, Oct. 21, 2018.
Tornado touches down east of Flagstaff
The National Weather Service said the tornado did not cause any damage or injuries.Weather
Valley tops 90 degrees after weeks of cool temps
Seventy-degree fall days were nothing but a distant memory when temperatures hit 91 degrees Saturday at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport.Weather
Heavy fog reported on I-40 in northern Arizona
A heavy patch of fog was reported on Interstate 40, east of Flagstaff, early Wednesday morning. Motorists were advised to drive safely.Weather
Snow falls on Flagstaff, high country early Tuesday morning
Snowplows were clearing highways in high country in northern and eastern Arizona on Tuesday.Weather
Phoenix weather: Don’t put that umbrella away yet
They might not be as widespread (or last as long) as Saturday's rainstorm, but more showers are possible through Monday night and early Tuesday,Weather
Wet weather to continue through Tuesday
Don't put that umbrella back in the closet just yet. Arizona's wettest October is set to get even wetter.Weather
Flooding closes Arizona State Fair for first time
The Arizona State Fair shuts down for the first time in history due to heavy rainfall, storm from the remnants of Hurricane Sergio.Weather
Hurricane Sergio floods the Valley after heavy rain
The remnants of Hurricane Sergio brought heavy rain to the Valley and flooded areas throughout.
Hurricane Sergio brings rain to the Valley
Remnants of Hurricane Sergio hit the Valley, causes flood throughout.
Rain hits the Valley, causing floods
Streets fill with water as Phoenix is hit hard with rain on Saturday.
Hurricane Sergio brings rain to the Valley
The remnants of Hurricane Sergio brought showers through out the Valley.
Sergio hits Baja, rain expected in AZ
Tropical Storm Sergio hit the Baja California coast early Friday and is weakening fast as it crosses the peninsula and heads toward the U.S. border.Weather
Hurricane Rosa provided some drought relief
Rain from the remnants of Hurricane Rose provided a little surface drought relief. Long-term relief is another story.Weather
100-degree days in 2018 ranked among most
Cool temperatures expected to stick arond for a while.Weather
Is Hurricane Sergio headed for Arizona?
Southeastern Arizona may get more rain this week as Hurricane Sergio, churning in the Pacific Ocean, veers back toward land.Weather
October snow in Flagstaff ‘a bit unusual’
Northern Arizona saw its first snow of the season in early October. The last time that happened was in 2013 when 0.6 of an inch fell near Flagstaff.Weather
Phoenix weather: Fall at last — we hope
After a rainy, cool and fall-like weekend, Phoenix residents can expect more of the same as we head into the second week of October.Weather
This October is third wettest in recorded history
Heavy rain hit Arizona on Sunday, adding to one of the wettest Octobers in recorded history, officials said.Weather
Snow falls in northern Arizona in Show Low
Snow fell in northern Arizona the morning of Oct. 7, 2018 while the Valley saw heavy rain.
2 almanacs, 2 Arizona winter forecasts. Why?
Cold and snowy or mild and about average? Almanacs have conflicting views on Arizona's outlook for the 2018-19 winter.Weather


It is seen that sometimes the dry period with no much weather activity is followed by the active weather phenomemon comprising of convective activity with formation of thunder clouds and precipitation.. One of the factors which influences the above conditions periodically is Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). Itis the major fluctuation in tropical weather on weekly to monthly timescales.
What is Madden Julian Oscillation?
MJO is a eastward travelling pattern of period with moderate to strong weather activity followed by the period of less or no activity. It is a pulse of clouds and rainfall near the equator which propagates with the speed upto 29 kmph over the warm waters of Pacific and Indian ocean. Each cycle lasts approximately 30–60 days and sometimes 90 days.
The effect of the MJO is witnessed mainly in the tropical region, in the band between 30 degrees North and 30 degrees South of the equator.
Why the name Madden Julian?
In 1971 two scientists Roland Madden and Paul Julian identified this phenomenon. who worked at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado.
How MJO affects India?
Madden Julian Oscillation affects India in two ways. Firstly affecting the onset of monsoon and rainfall activity during monsoons. It means in active phase it brings excess rainfall and while in suppressed phase it gives deficient rainfall.
Secondly formation of tropical cyclones in Indian waters.
Image source: UCAR EDU
The above diagram shows box in which blue region shows the active MJO with enhanced rainfall activity while the orange region shows the dry phase with sunny weather.


The Atmosphere Layer Names Game is a fun way to interact with the various layers of Earth’s atmosphere. It features drag and drop game that allows children to choose the layers they want to play with at any time. This game will help children remember concepts that are taught in school, such as ozone layer and stratosphere.
Atmosphere layers name activity
In this drag and drop game, your students will learn the main layers of Earth’s atmosphere from the Troposphere to the Exosphere in a fun and engaging way. With colorful graphics and beautiful music, this is an excellent game for kids to play at home or in the classroom.
The Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere is made up of a wide variety of different gases. The composition of the atmosphere is 78.1% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, and 0.9% argon. Many other gases in trace quantities are also present, including carbon dioxide, neon, helium, hydrogen, krypton, xenon and ozone. There is also a small amount of water vapor present: 1%-4% by volume. Aerosols are a component of the atmosphere that we need to understand. Some aerosols shield us from the sun’s rays or create rainbows on sunny days.
Carbon dioxide, neon, helium, krypton, hydrogen, xenon and ozone are in the atmosphere as well. The atmosphere also contains water vapor that can vary depending on the location. Fine particles suspended in the air are dust from volcanoes, grains of sand and salt. These fine particles circulate in the lower layers of the atmosphere.
The troposphere layer
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. It’s where most of our planet’s weather originates and it’s home to the inversion layer, which lies at a constant temperature and doesn’t change with altitude. It’s also where pollutants tend to collect and stay close to the surface.
The inversion layer is another layer that doesn’t change with altitude. Pollutants build up near the surface and then are prevented from reaching the upper atmosphere by smog. The troposphere contains 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, with trace amounts of other gases. It is also where most of Earth’s weather originates.
Similar activity can also be found on Scied.ucar.edu


RDEK - Bracing for Possibility of Severe Thunderstorms
June 12, 2020 - The possibility of severe weather this weekend has the Regional District of East Kootenay urging residents to remain vigilant about being aware and prepared for changing conditions.
On Saturday, a vigorous cold front is forecast to cross southern B.C. generating strong thunderstorms, with the possibility of hail, heavy rain, lightning and strong winds. The forecast is calling for 10-40mm of rain across the East Kootenay through the weekend, with an additional 10-15mm possible with the isolated storm cells.
“We know the cold front will be moving across the region. What we don’t know is exactly where the thunderstorm activity will be, how much rain might fall or how severe it may be,” says Information Officer Loree Duczek. “We can’t stress enough how important it is for people to be prepared in the event of an emergency. It’s not just about being prepared for flooding. At this time or year, there can be a number of unexpected impacts from severe weather and it is important for everyone to have a family emergency plan and to be prepared to sustain yourself for up to 72 hours.”
This weekend’s forecast increases the need for those living near creeks or waterways, or with properties prone to overland flooding, to take proactive steps to protect their property. To help, self-fill sandbag stations have been set up in numerous locations around the region, including a new one in Hosmer. A full list of sandbag station locations is available on www.rdek.bc.ca.
There is an Evacuation Notification System for the East Kootenay and everyone is encouraged to sign up to be notified of evacuation alerts or orders. The service is free and available to everyone through a simple registration process. Once you have registered at least one location, you can choose to receive notifications via text or by phone to both mobile and landlines. There is also an app that can be downloaded to smartphones.
To learn more about how to prepare for emergencies, build an emergency kit or create a family emergency plan, visit PreparedBC.ca.
Continued updates and information on the flooding in Windermere Creek will be posted via the RDEK’s email groups, website and social media pages. To sign up for the email notification or the Evacuation Notification Alert system, visit www.rdek.bc.ca.


Canton, China West Pacific 37, Hundreds of rescuers have been dispathed across Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. View 5 comments Post a comment. In the port city of Visakhapatnam, home to two million people, government workers began removing uprooted trees which had blocked roads, restoring snapped power and telecoms lines and clearing up debris including sign boards and corrugated iron roofs ripped off buildings by the strong gusts. As the cyclone Hudhud, which lashed Visakhapatnam yesterday with storm winds touching close to kilometres per hour, proceeds further into interior south Chhattisgarh with the wind force flagging the nation can breathe easy. The damage caused by the cyclone was estimated to be about crores.
A tropical cyclone is a rotational low pressure system in tropics when the central pressure falls by 5 to 6 hPa from the surrounding and maximum sustained wind speed reaches 34 knots about 62 kmph. An alert was sounded in nine out of thirteen districts of Andhra Pradesh where standing crops including paddy, groundnut, sugarcane, and pulses were yet to be harvested. Barisal, Bangladesh Bay of Bengal 50, One reason why India has been able to cut down the death toll has been the improved cyclone forecasting system which now issue warnings in four stages. In , a cyclone devastated Orissa’s coastline and killed at least 10, people. Archived from the original on October 10, It also damaged crops worth Rs 2, crore and claimed over 40 lives.
The Hudhud, or hoopoe bird, the national bird of Israel is an exotic creature noticed for its distinctive crown of feathers and is widespread in Europe, Asia and North Africa. Archived from the original PDF on November 6, The city airport was closed and train services suspended. Barisal, Bangladesh Bay of Bengal 22, A choking cloud over the global economy. Cyclone 02B, Bangladesh Bay of Bengal essay, 9.
Authorities in Visakhapatnam, locally known as Vizag, said 19 helicopters had been dispatched to drop food and water packets to affected villages. It is expected to reach Tokyo by Tuesday.
Cyclone Hudhud slams into India killing 24 and causing flooding | Daily Mail Online
Why jobs became secondary in this poll campaign Exit Polls: The roof of the terminal was torn apart due to the speed of the cyclone. Changing Inflation Dynamics in India. Indo-German Climate and Renewable Hudjud.
Retrieved from ” https: Most people heeded warnings to take refuge, but five were killed by falling trees and masonry, and thousands of homes were damaged, emergency officials said.
The Indian Ocean is a cyclone hot spot.
India up 16 spots to 55th in global competitiveness. A tropical cyclone is a rotational low pressure system in tropics when the central pressure falls by 5 to 6 hPa from the surrounding and maximum sustained wind speed reaches 34 knots about 62 kmph. Television footage from Visakhapatnam showed downed electrical incia, uprooted trees and massive debris strewn in the streets. India’s insight at UN Passive Euthanasia: In Visakhapatnam, pictured above, nearly every road is littered with broken glass and uprooted trees – brought down in strong winds.
Cyclone Hudhud pounds India’s Andhra Pradesh and Orissa
A man jumps in to help. Ina cyclone devastated Orissa’s coastline and killed at least 10, people. GST — A game-changer for India. Hudhud killed 18 people in the state. It would also glance at indiaa and nations and attempt to interpret what their experiences mean for us.
After all despite the severity of the cyclone it has been able to contain the direct human causalities of the cyclone to around a dozen though it had impacted around 4 lakh people who had to be evacuated to hundreds of cyclone relief camps. Authorities issued landslide warnings.
Cyclone Hudhud – Wikipedia
India one among the top 10 destinations for foreign direct investment FDI in One reason why India has been able to cut down the death toll has been the improved cyclone forecasting system which now issue warnings in four stages.
Supreme Court upholds collegium system for appointment of Judges in Higher Judiciary.
The entire coast is affected by cyclones with varying frequency and intensity.


A divided federal appeals court (US Federal Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit) handed down its ruling today addressing arguments that federal regulators went too far in adopting the Cross State Air Pollution Rule, which established new regulations to control air pollution throughout portions of the eastern United States.
The regulations at issue were adopted under the federal Clean Air Act's "good neighbor" provision, which requires upwind states to prevent sources within their borders from emitting air pollutants in amounts that contribute significantly to a downwind state's nonattainment of federal air quality standards. Its purpose is to establish a workable approach to interstate air pollution issues that have huge public health implications.
By a vote of 2-1, the court found that the Environmental Protection Agency had overstepped its legal authority in developing the rule. As a result, the Court vacated the offending provisions.
This ruling raises several concerns. First, it creates uncertainty over the timing and magnitude of the emissions restrictions that ultimately will be imposed on sources in upwind states. Also, delays in establishing regulations and requirements to upgrade or build cleaner generation will result in foregone emissions reductions and will fail to send clear market signals to make investments in cleaner generation, such as natural gas, renewable energy, and efficiency.
The EPA must continue administering the provisions of its previously-adopted Clean Air Interstate Rule pending adoption of a valid replacement, or until the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to review this decision and overturns it.
EME Homer City Generation, L.P. v. EPA, No. 11-1302.


LIGHT SHOW... Heavy rain and thunderstorms, including a spectacular lightning display last Thursday, have impacted Yorke Peninsula in the past week. Overnight, farmers in the Barunga West area were hit with falls which have stopped harvest in its tracks and likely knocked some grain onto the ground. Bute recorded about an inch of rain overnight, as did Wallaroo, while other parts of the peninsula also copped downpours.
PHOTO: Tristan Hancock, TH Digital Imaging
Spring storms sweep across the YP
MOST of Yorke Peninsula has been battered by heavy rain, thunder and lightning during the past week, and more has been forecast.
Parts of the peninsula reached 35 degrees Celsius last Wednesday and Thursday, October 31 and November 1, before the storm system hit.
This week a surge of cooler, drier air could cause more widespread rain and thunderstorms between now and Thursday.
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Hazardous Weather: Excessive heat with daytime highs in the 90s, and maximum heat index values near or above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, for most of the area. In addition, during the worst of the heat wave (Sunday through Tuesday), overnight low temperatures may not get below the mid 70s, especially along and southeast of the Interstate 95 corridor.
Locations affected: Much of the area has the potential to see excessive heat, with the worst conditions likely in the Wilmington-Philadelphia-Trenton urban corridor, and in northern Delmarva. Locations right along the coast and in the higher terrain of the southern Poconos and far Northwest New Jersey may fall short of excessive heat criteria.
Timing: Starting this weekend and continuing through the middle of next week. The worst of the heat wave looks to be on Monday.
Impacts: These heat index values can cause heat related stress particularly among the at-risk populations. Those especially vulnerable include elderly, children, those with pre-existing conditions, especially if they live near urban centers without air conditioning.
Confidence on occurrence: We have high confidence that we will see excessive heat for much of this period. However, exact temperatures and heat index values will be dependent on the amount of cloud cover and how widespread thunderstorms are each day, which remains uncertain.


The areas covered by the alert are:
- All districts of Ranong province
- Five districts in Phang Nga province, namely Takua Thung, Khuraburi, Kapong, Takua Pa, and Thai Muang
- Three districts in Phuket province, namely Muang, Thalang, and Krathu
- Three districts in Krabi province, namely Muang, Khao Phanom, and Plai Phaya
The department said that a tropical depression over the Bay of Bengal is expected to make landfall over Myanmar on Tuesday, bringing rain to Thailand’s North, western part of Central Region, and the South. Heavy to very heavy rain is forecast for the Andaman coast.
The department is coordinating with local administration offices, military personnel and related agencies to monitor the situation closely and prepare necessary equipment for flood prevention and mitigation, including sandbags, boats and water pumps. It also advised people to follow regular weather updates issued by the Thailand Meteorological Department.
To report a disaster or ask for assistance, call the 1784 hotline or message Line @1784DDPM.
Published : March 21, 2022
By : THE NATION


Yesterday four FACE leaders spoke at the EPA’s public comment session on control carbon pollution. Hundred of citizens, including elected officials, faith leaders, physicians, retired military personnel, fire fighters, and children spoke and rallied for limits on carbon emissions from power plants and other industrial sites. Today’s Macon Telegraph quotes FACE President Larry Warthen urging the EPA to adopt strong carbon limits because children deserve cleaners air. Warthen told the EPA panel, “No child should have limited access to enjoy the great outdoors and do the normal things that kids do without an inhaler.” Carbon pollution contributes to poor air quality, which impacts anyone with asthma and respiratory illnesses. Lyle Lansdell told the EPA that she and other farmers are struggling to grow the food we need because carbon is contributing to extreme weather conditions. Record high temperatures in May last year followed by almost seven times the normal rainfall in June wrecked havoc on both her crops and livestock. Lansdell said we have been “short-sighted” in regards to climate impacting emissions. At last count almost 6 Million people have submitted comments asking the EPA to require strong carbon emission standards. Tell the EPA you want the proposed carbon pollution standards to be adopted.


Geomorphology is the science of how landscapes change. Water, wind, and ice can all erode the Earth’s surface, eroding sediment (sand, mud, and stones), transporting it across the environment, and depositing it elsewhere. We can use our computer models to simulate and predict these changes.
Drone footage captured during field work at Glenridding, Lake District, UK. The drone is used to construct a 3D environment of the river for use in computer models. Pilots – Chris Hackney and Josh Wolstenholme.
Our models need data about rainfall to operate, including information on how much rain there was, where it fell, and when. Collecting this information is surprisingly difficult as there is not a single instrument available that is able to collect all this information together. To get the best picture of what rain there was we often combine several sources together. The way we do this make a difference to the results of our models so it is important we understand how when we analyse our results.
We found that the level of detail used for rainfall in the model has a big impact on the amount of sediment predicted to be washed out of the river catchment. This is important as thunder storms are often much smaller than an entire river catchment, so not representing rainfall in enough details underplays the role these storms have on our landscapes.
There are several ways to measure rainfall, including rain gauges (a bit like a bucket), weather radar, or satellites. None of these methods can measure everything about rainfall, for example, the rain gauge can only tell us how much rain feel at that point, but nothing about how much rain fell somewhere else. Radar is great for showing where rain is falling and how storms are moving, but can only tells us how much rain is falling relative to other places. By using rain gauges to calibrate the radar, we are able to get a more complete idea of the rain. We found that using the different types of information had a large influence on the results of our models.
Skinner, C.J., Peleg, N., Quinn, N., Coulthard, T.J., Molnar, P. and Freer, J., The impact of different rainfall products on landscape modelling simulations. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4894
Climate change will change the patterns of rainfall around the world. In the UK, we are expecting to see less rainfall in winter yet in the summer the amount and frequency of thunder storms will increase. These thunder storms can produce big changes to our landscapes (see our Flash Flood! activity). Changes in temperature will also change the structure of the storms, for example their size and also how much of the rain is concentrated at their centre. Led by our research colleagues at ETH Zurich, we found that the amount of sediment delivered to and carried by rivers will be impacted by changes to storm structure.
Peleg, N., Skinner, C., Fatichi, S., and Molnar, P.: Temperature effects on the spatial structure of heavy rainfall modify catchment hydro-morphological response, Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 17–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-17-2020, 2020.
Our models use an extremely simplified representation of the real world. To model it fully would require computers that do not exist yet and also knowledge and understand we have yet to gain. To manage these simplifications, our model contain values called parameters that we can alter until our model results match what we observe in the real world (this process is called calibration). A calibrated model can then be used to make predictions about the environment. Models contain several parameters and some influence model results more than others, so through sensitivity tests we can learn which ones are most important – this guides future model development and supporting field work. We found that the rules we use to determine under what conditions sediment is eroded from the river bed were the most important parameters.
Skinner, C. J., Coulthard, T. J., Schwanghart, W., Van De Wiel, M. J., and Hancock, G.: Global sensitivity analysis of parameter uncertainty in landscape evolution models, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4873–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4873-2018, 2018


DIURNAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF RADON CONCENTRATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON IONIZATION OF AIR
The most abundant and efficient source of air ionization in the lower layer of the atmosphere is radon. As an alpha emitter, radon plays a crucial role in the earth's atmospheric electricity. Besides the physical, radon and ions have a significant biological role concerning human health: radon is a health hazard while the ions are beneficial ingredients of the air we breathe. In this study, we examined the dynamics of radon and air ions diurnal change in houses with different floor and windows insulations. Measurements were made using continual radon monitor Rad-7 and air ion counter CDI-06. Diurnal and spatial variations of both atmospheric constituents are mutually related and dependent mostly on radon exhalation potential, meteorological parameters, aerosol concentration and formation of the temperature inversion layer. Indoor concentrations are related to the potential for accumulation of radon that is coming from the ground beneath the foundation and also influenced by external radon concentration that is diffusing through the walls, doors, and windows. Level of diffusion is depending on insulation. The difference in the paths by which radon enters the home can be seen by analyzing changes during diurnal continuous measurements.
Keywords: radon, air ions, ionization, atmosphere, air, natural radioactivity.


The forecast called for rain and wind yesterday.
The storm came in on Thursday night, bringing lightening & thunder at 7AM on Friday (which is rare, but not unheard of). It rained a little, then cleared up and circled around us for most of the day.
At about 3:30, the sky started darkening and wind picked up. Naturally, I was at work, so we brought the girls in from playing outside and I checked on our fieldtrip groups. All was well. The sky cracked open with a flood of rain and a little bit of hail. No biggie, but more like the summer storms we used to have than the fall storms we are used to.
Then, just as the storm was finishing up and moving to the north, all of our smart phones started vibrating and beeping...we were being issued an emergency weather alert...a tornado warning...and were told to shelter in place.
Yes, a tornado warning in Santa Fe. A tornado warning in Santa Fe. To the best of my recollection, this has never happened before. Whatever you call it...global warming...global weirding...I don't like it.
Anyhow, we sheltered for a bit but nothing came of the storm beyond some quick moisture and the power loss of a few street lights and a few homes across town. All was restored within a very short amount of time and everyone was fine. The storm apparently calmed itself and kept moving to the northeast, leaving nothing but beautiful skies behind. Thank goodness :-)


Hurricane Lee was a powerful Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in the northeastern United States in September 1991. The storm caused widespread damage and flooding, and is considered one of the most destructive hurricanes to hit the region in recent history.
The Storm's Path Hurricane Lee formed in the Atlantic Ocean on September 1, 2023. The storm quickly intensified, and by September 3, it had reached Category 4 status. Lee then tracked across the Caribbean Sea, making landfall in Haiti on September 4. The storm weakened slightly after landfall, but it continued to move northward, making landfall in the Gulf Coast of the United States on September 6.
If you are in the path of Hurricane Lee, please take the necessary precautions to protect yourself and your property. These precautions include: – Stay informed of the latest forecast and warnings. – Evacuate if ordered to do so. – Secure your home and belongings. – Have a plan for what to do if you lose power or water. – Be prepared for flooding and other hazards.
– Current status: Hurricane Lee is a Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph. The storm is located about 500 miles east of the Lesser Antilles and is moving west-northwest at 15 mph. – Forecast track: The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is forecasting Hurricane Lee to continue to move west-northwest over the next few days. The storm is expected to make landfall in the Lesser Antilles on Wednesday or Thursday, and then move across the Caribbean Sea. The NHC is also monitoring the possibility of Lee making landfall in the Gulf Coast of the United States later this week.
– Potential impacts: Hurricane Lee is expected to bring heavy rain, strong winds, and flooding to the Lesser Antilles and the Caribbean Sea. The storm could also bring dangerous storm surge to some areas. The NHC is urging residents in the affected areas to monitor the storm closely and to take appropriate precautions.


Our last night in Lapland was also spent in search of the Northern Lights, We ended up on a small bridge over the Paatsjoki River that flows out of Lake Inari into Russia and ultimately the Barent Sea. The bridge itself is 1 mile from the Finnish-Russian border. The river is slightly warmer than the surrounding air so we had quite a bit of mist – but we also had another colorful evening observing the Northern Lights.
Later that night proved to be quite active based on the space weather information at the European Space Agency. Unfortunately the night became cloudy with light snow so any displays were missed. Nonetheless we had the chance to see the aurora three days in a row!