The coldest month is January with an average maximum temperature of 15°C (59°F). Summer Albufeira’s summer, sees temperatures climb steeply to highs of 33°C in July with average temperatures of 26°C to 29°C and rainfall as low as 1mm dominating the forecasts for the summer seasons. Thanks It’s hot, with average daily highs of 28°C, although refreshing sea breezes take the edge off the heat so that it doesn’t feel too much. Note that these seasonal averages are in contrast with those observed in Albufeira in february with a maximum record of 74°F in 2010 and a minimum record of 40°F in 2012. After dark, temperatures drop right down to 9°C, so you’ll need warm jumpers and a jacket for evenings out. Average Weather on September 3 in Albufeira Portugal. Here are the average sea temperatures. Precipitation: 0.60". Here are some average weather facts we collected from our historical climate data: Portugal, like many other countries, closed its borders to travellers from the UK last week. Snowcaps, bees in summer, flower meadows, melting glaciers, traditional mountain regions, national and regional nature parks with marmots, exciting cols, baroque churches and ski stations. Ponta Delgada (PDL), Dortmund (DTM), Porto (OPO), Casablanca (CMN), Stockholm (ARN), Kyiv (KBP), Nantes (NTE), Marseille (MRS), Bilbao (BIO), Basel (BSL), Frankfurt am Main (FRA), Luanda (LAD), Tunis (TUN), Dakar (DKR), Accra (ACC), Maputo (MPM), Praia (RAI), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (LPA), São Paulo (GRU), Dubai (DXB), Campinas (VCP), Geneva (GVA), Brasília (BSB), Rio de Janeiro (GIG), Salvador (SSA), Maastricht (MST), Eindhoven (EIN), Rotterdam (RTM), Groningen (GRQ), Luxembourg (LUX), Milan (MXP), Venice (VCE), Rome (FCO), Budapest (BUD), Bucharest (OTP), Chișinău (KIV), Barcelona (BCN), Miami (MIA), Philadelphia (PHL), Boston (BOS), Newark (EWR), Natal (NAT), Fortaleza (FOR), Torrejón de Ardoz (MAD), Zurich (ZRH), Berlin (SXF), Düsseldorf (DUS), Belo Horizonte (CNF), Lisbon (LIS), Amsterdam (AMS), Palma de Mallorca (PMI), Manchester (MAN), Algiers (ALG), Montreal (YUL), Porto Alegre (POA), Limerick (SNN), Warsaw (WAW), Marrakesh (RAK), Recife (REC), Bologna (BLQ), Caracas (CCS), Bristol (BRS), Helsinki (HEL), Dublin (DUB), Belfast (BHD), Cork (ORK), Prague (PRG), Brussels (CRL), Hanover (HAJ), Stuttgart (STR), Pisa (PSA), Moscow (DME), Bordeaux (BOD), Munich (MUC), Bournemouth (BOH), Billund (BLL), Espargos (SID), Derry (LDY), Memmingen (FMM), Weeze (NRN), Hahn (HHN), Southend (SEN), Nice (NCE), Tangier (TNG), Istanbul (IST), São Pedro (VXE), Rabil (BVC), Southampton (SOU), Sénou (BKO), Charleston (NOC), The population of Albufeira is approximately 40828 January is the most wet month. Albufeira has dry periods in June, July, August and September. Albufeira is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). Albufeira, Portugal - Travel and vacation weather averages, current conditions and forecasts. You can visit the Verzasca Valley in any season. 2 Week Extended Forecast in Albufeira, Faro, Portugal. The Area of Albufeira is roughly 140.57 km² (54.27 mi²) Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Albufeira, Faro, Portugal. Towards the middle of the month, the climate throughout October in Albufeira improves even more. Albufeira average April sea temperature. Please select the information that is incorrect. Average April sea temperatures. Each summer, when temperatures soar, a handful of Águeda's narrow streets feature colorful umbrellas that provide shade to the pedestrians below. We stayed in Albufeira from 13th - 27th September last year and the weather was fabulous! Show in Inches. January is the most wet month. Average Weather during December in Albufeira (Algarve), Portugal. What's the weather like in Albufeira in May. Tunes Map showing location of Albufeira (37.088190, -8.250300) Locations nearby The amount of rain in December is normal with an average of 56mm (2.2in). This nation-wide website presents information about the weather and climate for almost every country around the world.Learn more. Algoz The warmest month is July with an average maximum temperature of 27°C (80°F). Does it rain in Albufeira in November? The climate guide for Albufeira, Algarve shows long term monthly weather averages processed from data supplied by CRU (University of East Anglia), the Met Office & the Netherlands Meteorological Institute. During the summer months precipitation is rare.The average winter temperatures make Albufeira suitable as a winter holiday destination. The sudden drop in temperature when it gets dark is quite noticeable. You can hope to have about 2 days with temperatures over 65°F, or 7% of time. The highest average water temperature for this location is 21.20°C | 70.16°F and is reached on average around August 21. High Temp: 85 °F. These average ocean temperatures for Albufeira are calculated from several years of archived data. Alcantarilha The mean monthly relative humidity over the year, The mean monthly wind speed over the year (in meters per second). The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.3 °C | 73.9 °F. Albufeira Weather Forecast. Albufeira Weather averages for holidays in 2021/2022. Vilamoura All Year January February March April May June July August September October November December. Albufeira has an average daytime temperature of 14°C in March, with highs of 18°C in the hottest part of the day, and lows of 9°C at night. Setúbal A must see for the bucket list. Quarteira The mean minimum and maximum temperatures over the year. An experience that belongs on your bucket list. All Year Climate & Weather Averages in Albufeira. Tavira Outside temperature: Average temperature: 61°F: 63°F: 68°F: Highest temperature: 65°F: 68°F: 74°F: Lowest temperature: 56°F: 59°F: 63°F: Highest record temperature: 81°F (2015) 83°F (2014) 88°F (2014) Lowest record temperature: 43°F (2012) 47°F (2013) 50°F (2012) Number of days at +65°F: 10 day(s) (32%) 17 day(s) (57%) 28 day(s) (90%) Sea temperature: Average sea temperature: 61°F Year, the minimum temperature is noted during the winter than in the summer in Albufeira in and... As warm and temperate 22 - 25 as mentioned above, which of course in Dublin would be little! Will come into effect for most of the Mediterranean sea greatly influences the Algarvian climate a large of... Seven hours of sunshine a year, Faro, Portugal, but I understand the! For evenings out October November December little chilly especially if the sun 's been out all day and 's. 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The Eocene began as a time of global warming, with temperatures across the planet soaring. Forests thrived and trees grew even in polar regions. Eventually, the Eocene became cooler and drier. As India continued to drift northwards, pushing against the Eurasian continent, the mass of rocks thrust up between them formed the Himalayas. At this time Africa was an island, not yet joined to the Middle East and Europe, but its own journey north was to trigger the formation of the Alps. Many species of grass evolved in the Eocene epoch, but were very limited in extent - today's grassy plains were still far in the future.[[File:
Eocene_1.jpg|thumb|400px|How the Eocene may have looked]]
India continued its journey away from Africa and began its collision with Asia, folding the Himalayas into existence.It is hypothesized that the Eocene hothouse world was caused by runaway global warming from released methane clathrates deep in the oceans. The clathrates were buried beneath mud that was disturbed as the oceans warmed. Methane (CH4) has ten to twenty times the greenhouse gas effect of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Earth's surface temperatures generally rose from the late Palaeocene through the Early Eocene (~59 - 50 Ma), reaching maximum Cenozoic temperatures during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Superimposed on this warming were a series of "hyperthermals". These are best described as geologically brief (<200 kyr) events characterized by rapid (in geological terms; it was far slower than either the warming predicted for the coming century or even the warming associated with the end of the last ice age) global warming and massive carbon input to the ocean and atmosphere. The most prominent of these events was the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum or Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM or IETM), which began at the Palaeocene-Eocene Boundary. During this episode. Earth surface temperatures rose by 5-7
°C. The PETM coincided with a major mammalian turnover on land (that distinguishes Eocene fauna from Palaeocene fauna), and an extinction of many benthic foraminifera species in the deep sea. Less extreme but nonetheless pronounced hyperthermals followed the PETM, including Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 at ca. 53.7 Ma. Another hot interval occurred ~40 Ma, during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) when deep sea temperatures rose about 4 °C. Coincident with MECO was a peak in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and the formation of the Himalayas.
The Eocene global climate was perhaps the most homogeneous of the [[Cenozoic]]; the temperature gradient from equator to pole was only half that of today's, and deep ocean currents were exceptionally warm. The polar regions were much warmer than today, perhaps as mild as the modern-day Pacific Northwest; temperate forests extended right to the poles, while rainy tropical climates extended as far north as 45°. The difference was greatest in the temperate latitudes; the climate in the tropics however, was probably similar to today's. The recent discovery of a giant snake (estimated length 13 m) in Colombia that may have lived during the Eocene suggests, on the contrary, that the tropics were much warmer than today, a conclusion in accord with numerical simulations of the climate during the Eocene.


(Photo courtesy JAXA)
The IBUKI, which means "breath," will circle the globe every 100 minutes at an altitude of some 670 kilometers (416 miles) and will monitor the levels of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at 56,000 locations.
The satellite will acquire data covering the entire planet every three days and this data will be shared with other space and scientific organizations.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA, launched the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) at 12:54 pm Japan Standard Time from the Tanegashima Space Center.
GOSAT has three major mission objectives. The first is to monitor the density of greenhouse gases precisely and frequently worldwide.
The second is to study the absorption and emission levels of greenhouse gases per continent or large country over a certain period of time.
And the third objective is to develop and establish advanced technologies that are essential for precise greenhouse gas observations.
[Elsewhere, JAXA reports that information products will be available to the publis "after the validation phase following the launch of the satellite." The GOSAT Data Handline Facility will also compile observation requests from users and forward them to JAXA.
In about a month NASA plans to launch a related project called the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO). -jlt]
Read the whole article here =>Recommend this Post


Officially, the east Pacific hurricane season gets going on May 15. That’s the date on a calendar – Mother Nature often strays from such notions and this year will be no exception.
The NHC is monitoring an area of low pressure, known as invest area 90-E (the “E” is for east Pacific) well off the coast of Central America and southeast Mexico. It is forecast to go on to develop in to a tropical depression and will likely become the east Pacific’s first named storm: Adrian.
Fortunately, the model guidance suggests a track that would keep much of the inclement weather offshore with only minimal impacts, if any, being felt on land. It’s something to keep an eye on for sure but nothing to be too concerned with just yet.
Let it also serve as a reminder that hurricane season is nearing – not only for the east Pacific, but also for the Atlantic Basin. That being said, it is Hurricane Preparedness Week and I encourage you to visit the updated section of the NHC’s site to learn what you can about tropical storms and hurricanes. There’s always something new, so even if you’re an avid weather geek who thinks they know a lot, might as well brush up your knowledge base and check out the latest from the NHC here.
I’ll have more on invest 90-E later this afternoon during my video discussion which will be posted to YouTube and here.
M. Sudduth 8:55 AM ET May 9


Caribbean Sea weatherPosted by: Santiago Morris | Posted on: July 17, 2022
The Caribbean Sea is a warm, tropical ocean that is perfect for a beach vacation. The water is usually calm and clear, and the weather is warm and sunny.
The Caribbean Sea is a beautiful place to vacation, but the weather can be unpredictable.
The Caribbean Sea is a beautiful place to vacation, but the weather can be unpredictable. Sometimes it’s sunny and warm, and other times it’s cloudy and cool. If you’re planning a trip to the Caribbean, be sure to pack a variety of clothes so you’ll be prepared for any type of weather.
There are several factors that affect the weather in the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean Sea is a very popular vacation destination, and for good reason! The weather in this region is typically quite warm and sunny, making it a perfect spot to relax and escape the cold winter months. However, there are several factors that can affect the weather in the Caribbean Sea.
One of the most important factors is the time of year. The hurricane season runs from June to November, and during this time the region is susceptible to severe weather. If you’re planning a trip during this time, it’s important to be aware of the potential for storms and be prepared to change your plans if necessary.
Another factor that can impact the weather is the location. The northern and eastern parts of the Caribbean tend to be drier than the southern and western parts. This is due to the fact that the northern and eastern parts of the region are closer to the deserts of South America, while the southern and western parts are more influenced by the moisture from the Atlantic Ocean.
Finally, elevation can also play a role in the weather. The higher you are, the cooler the temperatures will be. So, if you’re looking to escape the heat, you may want to consider staying in a higher-elevation location.
Keep these factors in mind when planning your next trip to the Caribbean Sea and you’ll be sure to have a great time, no matter what the weather brings!
The trade winds are one of the most important factors in determining the weather in the Caribbean Sea.
The trade winds are one of the most important factors in determining the weather in the Caribbean Sea. These winds blow from the east to the west, and help to keep the region’s climate stable. Without them, the weather in the Caribbean would be much more unpredictable.
The trade winds also play a role in the formation of hurricanes. These winds help to push the storms towards the west, where they often make landfall. This is why it’s important to be aware of the trade winds when a hurricane is approaching, as they can give you an idea of where it might make landfall.
Overall, the trade winds are a vital part of the weather in the Caribbean Sea. Without them, the region would be much more chaotic and unpredictable.
The temperature of the water in the Caribbean Sea can also affect the weather.
The Caribbean Sea is located in the tropics, meaning that it’s generally warm all year round. However, the temperature of the water can still affect the weather. For example, if the water is particularly warm, it can lead to increased thunderstorm activity.
There are a few things that you can do to prepare for the weather in the Caribbean Sea.
As we all know, the weather in the Caribbean can be quite unpredictable. One day it could be sunny and bright, and the next day it could be cloudy and rainy. That’s why it’s always important to be prepared for anything when traveling to this region.
Here are a few things you can do to prepare for the weather in the Caribbean Sea:
- Check the forecast before you travel. This way, you’ll know what to expect and can pack accordingly.
- Bring along some lightweight, breathable clothing. This will help you stay cool and comfortable in the warm weather.
- Pack a few essential items for rainy days, such as an umbrella and raincoat.
- Be sure to pack sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses. The sun can be quite strong in the Caribbean, so it’s important to protect yourself from the harmful rays.
- Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. This is especially important in the heat.
By following these tips, you’ll be sure to have a great time in the Caribbean Sea no matter what the weather brings.


In preparation for Hurricane Irma, a category five storm, the University of the Virgin Islands closed on Tuesday, Sept. 5, until further notice. Students residing on campus, who have permanent residences on island, are advised to return home.
University employees are advised to secure their work areas before leaving UVI by noon. Plastics and sand bags are available at Physical Plant on both campuses. Only essential employees are required to stay on campus for the storm. UVI has been preparing for the storm since Friday and will finalize storm preparation today.
A hurricane warning is in effect for the U.S. Virgin Islands. According to the National Hurricane Center’s 8 a.m. advisory, Hurricane Irma has maximum sustained winds near 175 miles per hour with higher gusts.
The UVI community is asked to be vigilant and monitor all forms of communication. Information can be found on UVI’s Emergency Preparedness webpage via this direct link: Emergency Preparedness.


Before discussing why EPA should lower the limit on maximium ground-level ozone concentration from 75 ppb to 70 ppb, we need to explain why EPA needs to regulate ozone in the first place. Just to clarify, we are not dealing with stratospheric ozone high above the earth’s surface 10 miles up that protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Rather, we are strictly speaking about ground-level ozone, the only ozone that people have direct exposure to.
Ozone is a highly corrosive chemical, one of the most chemically active known (reaction potential = 2.07 volts in an acid solution at 25°C)1. When breathed in, it attacks the upper respiratory tract and the lungs2. Breathing 100% ozone is quickly fatal, in fact, breathing air with as little as 50 ppm (50,000 ppb) ozone will likely kill a human within a half-hour3. It has been observed that people inhaling 9 ppm ozone along with other air pollutants developed pulmonary edema3.
Ozone at much lower concentrations can also cause problems. To quote EPA’s Integrated Science Assessment:
…short-term O3 exposures induced or were associated with statistically significant declines in lung function. An equally strong body of evidence from controlled human exposure and toxicological studies demonstrated O3-induced inflammatory responses, increased epithelial permeability, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Toxicological studies provided additional evidence for O3-induced impairment of host defenses. Combined, these findings from experimental studies provided support for epidemiologic evidence, in which short-term increases in O3 concentration were consistently associated with increases in respiratory symptoms and asthma medication use in children with asthma, respiratory-related hospital admissions, and ED [emergency department – MHK] visits for COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema – MHK] and asthma. Additionally, recent evidence supports the range of respiratory effects induced by O3 by demonstrating that short-term increases in ambient O3 concentrations can lead to respiratory mortality. The combined evidence across disciplines supports a causal relationship between short-term O3 exposure and respiratory effects4.
The decrease in lung function caused by short-term exposure to ozone quickly fade when the ozone is removed5. However, repeated exposure to ozone over a long period of time may cause more chronic problems such as reduced lung function6. Ozone has also been implicated in causing problems to the cardiovascular, central nervous, and reproductive systems, although these have not been conclusively proven. 6. There is not enough evidence to suggest that ozone causes cancer6.
The EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2011 document on ozone states these concerns with some passion:
These physiological effects [inflammation and damage to the respiratory system and impaired host defense capabilities – MHK] have been linked to aggravation of asthma and increased susceptibility to respiratory infection, potentially leading to increased medication use, increased school and work absences, increased visits to doctors’ offices and emergency departments, and increased hospital admissions. Further, pulmonary inflammation is related to increased cellular permeability in the lung, which may be a mechanism by which O3 exposure can lead to cardiovascular system effects, and to potential chronic effects such as chronic bronchitis or long-term damage to the lungs that can lead to reduced quality of life. These are all indicators of adverse O3-related morbidity effects, which are consistent with and lend plausibility to the adverse morbidity effects and mortality effects observed in epidemiological studies.7
Ozone has also been shown to injure plants and reduce their growth. This reduces agricultural yields and the productivity of ecosystems8. Ozone is a significant greenhouse gas, and is probably contributing to global warming9. However, I would think that it would be less than a threat than carbon dioxide, because ozone tends to quickly decompose into oxygen whereas carbon dioxide can linger in the atmosphere for a century or more10. Nevertheless, if society is constantly generating more ozone, the contribution to climate change could be significant. If it reduced its ozone production, this contribution would fade almost instantaneously.
To demonstrate the extent of scientific research documenting the effects of ozone on human health, I excerpted the reference section of Chapter 6 of EPA's Integrated Science Analysis, the chapter that discusses the health effects of short-term ozone exposure. This reference section lists some 500 scientific papers on the effects of ozone. I have not read these papers except for one, so I cannot vouch for them; nevertheless, the list taken together is formidable. Take a look yourself by clicking on the link below. You can click on any reference in the list to see the paper’s abstract.
Reference Section of Chapter 6
The next question we must discuss is: Granted that trace amounts of ozone in the ground-level atmosphere is injurious to human welfare, how do we know that 75 ppb (the former limit) is still injurious? Why wasn’t that level good enough? Why did the EPA think it should lower it?
- Rein Munter, Ozone: Science and Technology,Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. To view, click here.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants, Third External Review Draft, Section 6.2: Respiratory Effects, p. 6-1ff.
- Ozone Levels and Their Effects, edited by Den Rasplicka, OzoneLab Instruments website. To view, click here.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants, Third External Review Draft, Chapter 1: Executive Summary, p.1-6.
- Ibid., Chapter 6: Integrated Health Effects of Short-Term Ozone Exposure, pp. 6-14, 6-27, 6-165.
- Ibid., Table 1-1: Summary of ozone causal determinations by exposure duration and health outcome, p. 1-5. Table 2-2: Summary of evidence from epidemiologic, controlled human exposure, and animal toxicological studies on the health effects associated with short- and long-term exposure to ozone, pp 2-25 — 2-26.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone, Final Preamble, 2011, p.40.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants, Third External Review Draft, Table 1-2: Summary of ozone causal determination for welfare effects, p. 1-8. Table 2-3: Summary of ozone causal determination for vegetation and ecosystem effects, p.2-40.
- Ibid., Section 2.7.1: Tropospheric Ozone as a Greenhouse Gas, pp. 2-49 — 2-50.
- I don’t have a single source for this. Wikipedia quotes M.Z. Jacobson in a 2005 letter to the Journal of Geophysical Research, 110 pp. D14105, as estimating the atmospheric lifetime of carbon dioxide as 300 years (click here to view the Wikipedia article). David Archer, in his article Fate of Fossil Fuels in Geologic Time, Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 110 C09S05, argues, “A better approximation of the lifetime of fossil fuel CO2 for public discussion might be ‘300 years, plus 25% that lasts forever.'” He claims that when additional carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere, some of it lingers for tens of thousands of years. To see the article, click here. See also Archer, David et al, Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide, Annual Review Earth Planet Sci. 2009 37:117-34 (click here to view). For a lively discussion of the topic, see the Skeptical Science website, which you can read by clicking here.
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Research fields: Physics of meteor flight in the atmosphere, computations of meteor orbits and trajectories, radiation of meteors at very high altitudes, reduction methods for determining meteor trajectories, precise and detailed light curves of fireballs from radiometers, double station television observations of meteors. Principal investigator of the project "Automation of the cameras for fireball observations in the Czech part of the European Fireball Network". Participation in the development and design of the autonomous fireball observatory for photographic detection of fireballs. Main coordinator of the European Fireball Network (EN) and head of the Czech part of the EN since 1993. 1982 graduated from Charles University, Prague. Since 1982 at the Astronomical Institute. 1992 PhD in Astronomy, 2000-2004 Head of the Group of Meteor Physics, 1993-2000 and since 2004 Head of the Interplanetary Matter Department. 2003 Scientist Award of the Learned Society of the Czech Republic.


The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 90% of people worldwide breathe air that exceeds the recommended level of pollutants. With the rise in city smog and forest fires, air pollution poses a major threat to our health, both indoors and outdoors.
If you're reading this, you are likely concerned about air pollution. Indoor and outdoor pollution sources differ, as does the composition of the compounds that can have a negative effect on our bodies. While most sources of pollutants are man-made (eg. the burning of fossil fuels, agriculture, waste management, or mining operations), non-human activities (eg. from animals and vegetation) also contribute to poor outdoor air quality.
There are over 200 types of regulated pollutants that can cause cancer or have other adverse health effects, but the primary components of outdoor air pollution are as follows:
Particulate Matter (PM)
PM is a common proxy indicator for air pollution and it affects more people than any other pollutant. PM is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets that are suspended in the air, such as aerosols, smoke, fumes, dust, ash, and pollen.
PM can be found in various sizes. Particles with a diameter of 10 microns (PM10) or less can be breathed in and lodged deep inside our lungs. Breathing in fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5) is incredibly health-damaging as it can penetrate the lung barrier and enter our blood system. Prolonged and chronic exposure to fine particulate matter is known to cause serious health problems, such as premature death, lung cancer, and cardiovascular or respiratory disease.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
VOCs are compounds that have a high vapor pressure and low water solubility. These compounds are chemicals that can be found in many commonplace household products, such as paints, cleaning supplies, pesticides, and printers. Scented products are often comprised of VOCs.
Many VOCs are human-made chemicals found in industrial solvents, such as tetrachloroethylene, benzene, or formaldehyde, which evaporate quickly at room temperature when released. Products that contain these chemicals can emit VOCs into the air while you are using them or when they are stored. In fact, concentrations of VOCs are consistently higher indoors - often up to 10 times higher than outdoor spaces. Studies show that using products that contain VOCs exposes individuals to high pollutant levels, and elevated concentrations can remain in the air long after the product has been used. Breathing in VOCs may not be harmful in small doses, but chronic exposure can result in long-term health effects.
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)/Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
NOx is a group of highly reactive gases. NO2 is a NOx gas and is produced from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen during combustion (eg. when fossil fuels are burned at high temperatures). These gases react with other chemicals in the air to form PM. Breathing air with a high concentration of NO2 can irritate the airways in our respiratory system and cause inflammation. Short-term exposure can also aggravate asthma and other respiratory diseases, resulting in physical symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or breathing difficulties. Long-term exposure can result in the development of respiratory diseases.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
SO2 is a sharp-smelling gas composed of sulfur and oxygen. It is created through industrial processes when sulfur-containing fuel is burned and is a contributor to PM levels in the air. Individuals who are located near coal-fired power plants, ports, smelters, or other sources of sulfur dioxide receive the highest exposure; however, once SO2 is in the air, it changes chemically into sulfate particles that can blow hundreds of miles away. SO2 is the primary component of acid rain.
SO2 causes a range of harmful effects on the respiratory system. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Over time, continued exposure at high concentrations reduces the ability of the lungs to function properly.
Ground-level ozone (O3)
Ozone can be found in the Earth's upper atmosphere as well as at ground level. It can be either innocuous or harmful, depending on where it is located; the stratospheric ozone found in the upper atmospheric is beneficial, as it is a protective layer that shields the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
However, ground-level ozone, O3, is a harmful air pollutant: a colorless and odorless gas that is the main component of smog. It is the result of chemical reactions between NOx and VOCs in the presence of sunlight. O3 irritates the respiratory tract and eyes. Exposure to high levels can result in physical symptoms such as chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. Individuals with respiratory and heart problems are more susceptible to risk.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
CO2 is the result of combustion - either in industrial processes or metabolic processes in living organisms - and is released into the air as a colorless and odorless gas. Once released, it mixes quickly with the air. Industrial processes that result in CO2 can occur at plants that produce hydrogen or ammonia from natural gas, coal, or large-scale fermentation operations. Metabolic processes are a by-product of farming. Globally, it is estimated that livestock contributes about 3.1 gigatonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere annually through belching as enteric fermentation and combustion occur in their digestive systems.
Overall, outdoor CO2 levels are not high enough to interfere with our respiratory system, but indoor CO2 levels quickly rise without proper ventilation. While carbon dioxide poisoning is rare, a high concentration of it in a confined indoor space can be toxic. Moderate to high levels of carbon dioxide can cause headaches and fatigue, and higher concentrations can produce nausea, dizziness, and vomiting.
Carbon monoxide (CO)
CO is a deadly and odorless gas that can be hazardous to your health when breathed in large quantities. CO is released when something is burned. The greatest sources of CO to outdoor air are cars, trucks, and other vehicles or machinery that burn fossil fuels. Breathing air with a high concentration of CO reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported in the bloodstream to critical organs like the heart and brain.
Note: CO can be released from any source that burns fuel. Breathing in air with a high concentration of CO can result in carbon monoxide poisoning; symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, nausea, confusion, drowsiness, fast breathing, fast heartbeat, chest pain, vision problems, or seizures.
If you believe that you may be experiencing carbon monoxide poisoning, please leave the area immediately and dial 9-1-1 for assistance.
Indoor pollutants are easier to recognize and control. The following household items are known to produce PM, VOCs, and other harmful compounds. Take extra care when exposed to the following items, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and/or ventilating the affected area:
Cigarettes or other sources of tobacco smoke
Stoves, Heaters, fireplaces, and chimneys
Unvented space heaters
Paints and thinners
Hobby and craft supplies
Dry cleaning fluids
Cleaners and disinfectants
Building materials and furnishings
Copy machines and printers


Thick fog shrouded Delhi and its neighbouring areas on Wednesday morning, reducing visibility to near zero and affecting road, rail and flight movement. The national capital is likely to receive light rainfall for two days beginning today owing to a western disturbance in the Himalayan region.
From 1:30 am, there was zero visibility at the Indira Gandhi International Airport, affecting flight operations, according to the India Meteorological Department (IMD). According to Delhi airport sources, more than 50 flights were delayed due to the thick fog in Delhi. Some of these flights were diverted to Jaipur, Ahmedabad and Mumbai.
The Delhi airport issued an advisory, urging passengers to contact their airlines for updated flight information.
"While landing and takeoffs continue at Delhi airport, flights that are not CAT III compliant may get affected. Passengers are requested to contact the airline concerned for updated flight information. Any inconvenience caused is deeply regretted," the post said.
According to the Railways, 23 trains to Delhi from various parts of the country were running late, news agency ANI reported.
On Tuesday, Delhi recorded maximum and minimum temperatures of 21.4 degrees Celsius (one notch below the normal range) and 8.7 degrees Celsius (within the normal range), respectively.
Delhi experienced its coldest January in the past 13 years, with an average maximum temperature hovering around 17.7 degrees Celsius, the lowest since 2010, the IMD said.
The average minimum temperature in the national capital during the same period was pegged at 6.2 degrees Celsius, the second lowest in 13 years, the weather data showed.
ALL INDIA WEATHER FORECAST
Dense to very dense fog conditions were predicted in the morning hours in isolated pockets of East Uttar Pradesh on January 31 and February 1 and in West Uttar Pradesh on January 31.
The weather office forecast dense fog conditions in isolated pockets for a few hours in the morning in Odisha from January 31 to February 2, and over north Rajasthan, Gangetic West Bengal and Bihar on January 31.
With two western disturbances in quick succession likely to hit northwest India, light/moderate fairly widespread to widespread rainfall/snowfall was very likely in Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, Gilgit, Baltistan, Muzaffarabad, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand till February 4 and decrease significantly thereafter, the IMD said.
There was a forecast of light/moderate to fairly widespread rainfall in Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana and Delhi and isolated to scattered rainfall in Uttar Pradesh on January 31 and February 1.
Isolated hailstorm was also likely to occur in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana on January 31 and in Uttarakhand on January 31 and February 1.
The IMD stated that light/moderate to fairly widespread rainfall/snowfall was possible in Arunachal Pradesh till February 5, and isolated to scattered rainfall in West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur and Tripura from January 31 to February 2.


Air pollution is one of the biggest threats for the environment and affects everyone. Humans, animals, crops, cities, forests, aquatic ecosystems. It is impossible to describe the whole extent of potential and actual damage caused by all forms of air pollution. But here are the main consequences:
ON THE ENVIRONMENT –
Air pollution has a major impact on the process of plant evolution by preventing photosynthesis in many cases, with serious consequences for the purification of the air we breathe. It also contributes to the formation of acid rain, atmospheric precipitations in the form of rain, frost, snow or fog, which are released during the combustion of fossil fuels and transformed by contact with water steam in the atmosphere.
GLOBAL WARMING –
On top of that, air pollution is a major contributor to global warming and climate change. In fact, the abundance of carbon dioxide in the air is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect. Normally, the presence of greenhouse gases should be beneficial for the planet because they absorb the infra-red radiation produced by the surface of the earth. But the excessive concentration of these gases in the atmosphere is the cause of the recent climate change.
ON HUMAN HEALTH –
Our continual exposure to air pollutants is responsible for the deterioration of human health.
Air pollution is indeed a significant risk factor for human health conditions, causing allergies, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as lung damage.
For more information visit our site – http://indiaagainstcovid.com


Some of us have met Lisa Locke, executive director of Delaware Interfaith Power and Light, who wrote in yesterday’s News-Journal that “climate change is the defining moral challenge of our times.” Members of First Unitarian Church have been strong supporters of DEIPL and many of us agree that among the many moral challenges we face today, climate change is perhaps the greatest threat to the long-term survival of our planet and our species.
Lisa was writing in response to a glib and misinformed column by the conservative chang denier Susan Stamper Brown, whose column appeared nationally, including in the News-Journal.
Lisa responded with logic, facts, and force:
“On the day Ms. Brown’s piece was published, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released their Arctic Report Card. Jeremy Mathis, director of NOAA’s Arctic Research Program stated, ‘Rarely have we seen the Arctic show a clearer, stronger or more pronounced signal of persistent warming and its cascading effects on the environment than this year.’
“We’ve heard the message repeated: There is agreement among more than 97 percent of (peer-reviewed) climate scientists that climate warming is occurring, due largely to human activity, with emissions of greenhouse gases at their highest levels in recorded history. Indeed, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position.”


Air pollution linked to depression
Depression has many environmental and circumstantial roots, causing patients to seek relief through psychotherapy and psychopharmaceuticals
Depression has many environmental and circumstantial roots, causing patients to seek relief through psychotherapy and psychopharmaceuticals. With the current research on air pollution affecting the brain, there may be more people looking to buy Effexor.
Research coming out of Ohio State University clearly demonstrates the effects of air pollution on cognitive functioning. Long-term studies on mice exposed to polluted air found that after 10 months of exposure, the animals' performance on learning and memory tests was significantly delayed in comparison to unexposed mice. Moreover, in another experiment, mice exposed to the polluted air demonstrated more depressive-like behaviors.
How exactly does air pollution lead to these brain changes? The OSU research team studied the hippocampal area of mice brains, specifically at branches called dendrites. The researchers found that the mice that breathed polluted air had shorter dendrites and simpler cells compared to clean air mice.
"The results suggest prolonged exposure to polluted air can have visible, negative effects on the brain, which can lead to a variety of health problems," Laura Fonken, lead study author and a doctoral student in neuroscience at OSU.
This research is corroborated by an article published by the American Psychological Association in July 2012, synthesizing study results connecting air pollution and decreased cognition and well-being.


If we’re willing to make a change, there are always multiple choices. In order to take an informed and reasoned decision, you should first perform an extensive research and build yourself an opinion. Have you ever thought of all the disadvantages of fossil fuels? Let us make a show overview to present you the top reasons to look for an alternative approach.
Normally, the greenhouse effect is a natural solution, which protects us from the sun’s radiation. When the solar rayons reach the Earth, the atmosphere is pushing a part of them back to space and the other part collaborates with the green house effect in order to absorb the most of it. The ozone layer gap increases the greenhouse effect, so that it becomes more harmful instead of useful.
The yield of fossil fuels, the transformation of energy, the production, even the gases from cars are between the main sources of air pollution. These gases help increase the gap in the ozone layer, which leave the Earth’s surface inprotected, so the sun is able to warm it more. This process is known as the global warming.
The hole in the ozone layer
All these gases favor the increasement of the ozone layer’s gap. The ozone’s able to heal itself, if we simply give him the chance by avoiding air pollution. Searching for alternatives such as hybrid vehicles, green energy or modern filters for our fabrics are the first steps to fight the biggest consequence of everything we’ve done – the global warming, an unstoppable and extreamly harmful process for our planet.
Choose the future
By picking solar energy, you’re becoming part of the eco-friendly idea to preserve our nature, so that she exists much longer. Our companu isn’t provider of solar energy, neither a manufacturer of photovoltaic panels. We’re installing the centrals, since we believe that pioneers put the bases, which is the most difficult and responsible work from all. Read some more about us and what we do by following the button below.


SEARCH WEATHER FORECAST
7-day local forecasts
Do you have plans for outdoor activities? Plan ahead with the application for local meteorological radars. Local weather radar provides instant access to popular weather providers such as Weather.com®, WUnderground®, NOAA®, and Weather Channel®. Get instant access to local weather and weather forecasts. Just download Radar Radar application for local weather to get you started!
Current weather information
If you want to spend a lot of time outside, it is important that you have accurate weather information. Make sure you always know what's going on outside to avoid bad storms and weather conditions like tornadoes and hurricanes. Get current weather radar, weather forecasts and weather conditions for places around the world.
Allergy reports and more
Current weather. It also provides accurate, cold, influenza and pollen messages with one-click access to the popular meteorologists Weather.com ®, WUnderground ®, NOAA ® and Weather Channel ®. Everything on a free and new card and a comfortable home page.


Air consists of gases which form a layer that surrounds the Earth and make up the Earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is critical to all life forms, human, animal, insect and plants. Good, clean air is essential to maintaining any and all life forms.
World organizations and Governments work together to implement legislation, programs, and action groups to find and develop ways that will minimize and prevent further contamination and damage to the atmosphere.
Managing and Preventing Damages to Air Resources:
Limiting and Reducing Harmful Emissions: To improve the quality of air, strict regulations are implemented to address new issues and to achieve higher regulatory standards for protecting the air resources, ozone and atmospheric quality.
Building Relationships Worldwide: To promote efforts to maintain and improve air quality, it will be to the benefit of all, to build collaborative relationships to reduce conflict and differences in opinions. Communities and governments and organizations working together will be the ultimate goal.
Improve the efficiency and effectiveness of analyses: To be able to analyse and monitor air quality effectively, the need arose to enhance already high standards through employing air quality experts and to use the best quality monitoring data.
At LBAM Spray we will provide the best strategies to limit activities that can potentially be harmful to the ozone. We also offer learning opportunities to be helpful in the protection and management of air resources.


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Rising rental rates and stagnant salaries widen affordability gap "My rent was going up like 5 percent every year and my salary. Poverty rates in the newport news neighborhoods have climbed in the past dozen years – nearly tripling in the area south of 24th.
· Tornado damage in Beauregard, Ala., on Wednesday, March 6, 2019. The twister that smashed Beauregard was the deadliest U.S. tornado in nearly six years. The weather service said it remained on the.
Veros warns housing hot spots won’t stay as hot If you’re experiencing hot and cold spots throughout your home, you can do something about it. Sometimes discovering the root of the problem is half the battle. At Pippin Brothers, we offer airflow and whole house evaluations to help you determine what’s causing your discomfort. Our diagnostics and solutions are designed with your comfort and.
a tornado, typhoon, cyclone, twister, and hurricane are pretty much the same. share:. The last cyclone to affect Brisbane but not directly cross the city was Tropical Cyclone Hamish in March.
Winds will not be as strong farther inland but can still contribute. but several inches are possible in and around New York City. RELATED: Nor’easter becomes bomb cyclone: Fierce winds, flooding,
Lynn Fisher – Coming Increase in Households Over the Next Decade SNAP caseloads grew significantly between 2007 and 2011 as the recession and lagging recovery led more low-income households to qualify and apply for help.. by about 2 to 4 percent each year over the next decade:. Act’s benefit increase ended, to the average over the remaining 11 months.
· A tornado is not a cyclone. You know when one is in the "eye" of a cyclone, there is dead calm, then the wind increases again as the cyclone moves, after a cyclone moves inland it generally develops into a rain depression, but they are unpredictable and can move out to.
· In general, a cyclone refers to low-pressure systems. So a tornado is a type of cyclone. More specifically, a tornado is a violently rotating column of air in contact with and extending between a convective cloud (cumulonimbus) and the surface of the earth. Tornadoes are also called twisters.
Cyclones are considered as oceanic phenomena, while tornadoes can occur over land as well as water. A cyclone is generally defined in meteorology as an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air that is contact with both the ground as well as a cumulonimbus cloud.
He says that authorities will be checking to see if anyone needs assistance, including the Amish community in the county who may not have electricity. The tornado disrupted a high school graduation at.
The F5 tornado of 1999 May 3, 1999 does not have a name, nor does any tornado. It is often called the Oklahoma City tornado, the Moore tornado, or the Bridge Creek-Moore tornado in reference to.
Waters: cancel house cfpb discrimination hearing dataquick finds increase in sales of high-end homes in 2010 waters: cancel house CFPB discrimination hearing On March 7, the House financial services committee, chaired by Congresswoman Maxine Waters, marked the first time that the new Director of the Consumer Financial protection bureau (cfpb) appeared.fhfa Director DeMarco: No Silver Bullet.
I had been blogging for AccuWeather for less than two years when a massive EF-5 tornado demolished the town of Greensburg, in Kiowa County, Kansas. Although words like "decimated. the tornadoes.


Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System
Air pollution is one of the most serious global and regional environmental problems. A major source of air pollution is industrial activities, including oil industries and power generation and vehicles. These pollution sources are associated with the emission of polluting gases such as carbon oxides, sulphur, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, volatile compounds, as well as with the emission of particular matter and heavy metal elements. The Air Quality Monitoring systems that we provide enables the local authority to apply internationally approved standards in monitoring air pollution, to preserve the environment and public health from the effects of pollution sources emissions in a certain area, to take preventive measures to reduce the risks of this pollution. We are supplying gas analyzers that measure major organic and inorganic pollutants. In addition to this, we also provide a wide range of continuous real-time dust monitors and gravimetric samplers.Air pollution Monitoring System that we provide are designed to meet your requirement and budget.
Scope of supply:
- Certified Method Stations: NOx, NO, NO2, CH4, NMHC, THC,O3, SO2, H2S, CO, CO2, VOC, PM10, PM.25, heavy metals
- Compact certified Method Stations: NOx, NO, NO2, CH4, NMHC, THC,O3, SO2, H2S, CO, CO2, VOC, PM10, PM.25, heavy metals
- Dust sampler: low volume, high volume
Certified Method Stations:
HORIBA’s Ambient Air Pollution analyzers feature advanced technology, field-proven reliability with excellent sensitivity & precision at ppb level, and hassle free maintenance. Each ambient monitor differs in operating principle and can measure single/multiple components in ambient air or diluted stack gas.
Air Quality Monitoring System
AQMS, the doctor for “Human Health”
An Air Quality Monitoring Station (AQMS) is a system that measures metrological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, radiation, temperature, barometric pressure and ambient parameters. The AQMS also integrates a series of ambient analyzers to monitor the concentration of air pollutants (NOx, NO, NO2, CH4, NMHC, THC,O3, SO2, H2S, CO, CO2, VOC, PM10, PM.25, heavy metals), continuously. HORIBA also provides mobile monitoring stations that can be used to monitor ambient conditions at multiple sites, and compact station for an selected analyzers .
Air Pollution Analyzers
Ambient NOx/NO/NO2 analyser – Horiba APNA 370
The APNA-370 continuously monitors atmospheric NO, NO2 and NOxconcentrations using a cross-flow modulated semi decompression chemiluminescence method. The APNA-370 employs an independent, internal dry-method sampling device to achieve the highest levels of sensitivity and accuracy. The dry method, due to its minimal maintenance requirements and capability of continuous monitoring and instantaneous analysis of gas in its unaltered state, has been a preferred method for monitoring the atmospheric pollution.
Ambient CO analyser – Horiba APMA 370
The APMA-370 is a device for continuously monitoring CO concentrations using a Non-dispersion cross modulation infrared analysis method. The APMA-370 employs an independent, internal dry-method sampling device to achieve the highest levels of sensitivity and accuracy. The dry method, due to its capability for continuously monitoring and instantaneously analyzing of gas in its unaltered state as well as its minimal maintenance requirements, has been a preferred method for monitoring the atmospheric pollution.
Ambient CO2 analyser – Horiba APCA 370
The APCA-370 is a device for continuous CO2 monitoring in ambient air. It uses cross modulation type non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption method. This method employes one cell and one light source for both sample gas and reference gas what allows precise measurement without generation of zero-drift. Due to precise measurement and long term stability in continuous monitoring as well as its minimal maintenance requirements, this method has been a preferred method for monitoring the atmospheric pollution
Ambient SO2 analyser – Horiba APSA 370
The APSA-370 is a device for the continuous monitoring of atmospheric SO2 using UV fluorescence. The APSA-370 employs an proprietary, internal dry-method sampling device to achieve the highest levels of sensitivity and accuracy. The dry-method, due to its minimal maintenance requirements capability of continuous monitoring and instantaneous analysis of gas in its unaltered state, has been a preferred method for monitoring the atmospheric pollution.
Ambient H2S analyser – Horiba APSA CU-
APSA-370/CU-1 Ambient H2S monitor measures SO2 converted H2S through oxidation catalyst based on Ultra Violet Fluorescence. In order to reduce measurement error by water concentration fluctuatin in ambient, humidifier is set at sample line. It enables long-term stability according to stabilizing catalytic reaction.
Ambient THC analyser – Horiba APHA-370
The APHA-370 continuously monitors atmospheric THC, NMHC, and CH4 concentrations using a cross-flow modulated selective combustion type method combined with a hydrogen ion detection method. The APHA-370 employs an independent, internal dry-method sampling device to achieve the highest levels of sensitivity and accuracy.
Ambient O3 analyser – Horiba APOA-370
The APOA-370 continuously monitors atmospheric ozone concentrations using a cross flow modulated ultraviolet absorption method. The APOA-370 employs an independent, internal dry-method sampling device to achieve the highest levels of sensitivity and accuracy. The dry method, due to its minimal maintenance requirements and capability of continuously monitoring and instantaneously analyzing gases in their unaltered state, has been a preferred method for monitoring the atmospheric pollution.
Ambient VOC analyser – AMA GC 5000 BTX
The GC 5000 BTX has been developed for the continuous monitoring of Benzene and aromatic organic compounds, such as toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in ambient air ; GC 5000 BTX allow for adding more organic compounds to be monitored, such as 1,3-butadiene, styrene, trimethyl benzenes and other organic species.
Ambient NH3 Analysers – Horiba APNA-CU2
APNA-370/CU-2 Ambient Ammonium Monitor measures increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) raected through oxide catalyst treatment as Ammonia (NH3) concentration with chemiluminescent (CLD) method. HORIBA’s original Cross-flow modulation method ensures long-term stability and reliable measuring value with 5ppb for min. detectable sensitivity.
Dust analyser ‒ Horiba APDA 372
The APDA-372 dust monitor is specifically designed for indoor and outdoor air quality measurements and provide continuous and simultaneous measurements of PM1, PM2.5, respirable fractions (PM4), thoracic fractions (PM10), inhalable fractions (TSP), the particle number, and (upon request) the particle size distribution in 32 size classes per decade within the particle size range of 0.18 – 18 µm. The APDA-372 uses the recognized measurement technology of optical light scattering and is equipped with a white LED light source with highly stable output and long lifetime. The system is also equipped with a filter holder for the insertion of an absolute filter (47 or 50 mm in diameter). This enables the user to perform on-site gravimetric correlation or subsequent analysis of the composition of the aerosol. The APDA-372 can be connected to an isokinetic sampling probe that measures emissions in exhaust air ducts. The volume flow is 5 L/min. The APDA-372 is additionally equipped with sensors for measuring environmental conditions, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity.
Dust analyser ‒ Horiba APDA 371
Particulate matter contaminates our atmosphere in various ways. It can for instance be generated by different industrial production processes,waste combustion, coal mining or automobile exhausts. The APDA-371 automatically measures and records airborne particulate concentration levels (in milligrams or micrograms per cubic meter), using the industry-proven principle of beta ray attenuation. Each hour, a small carbon-14 element emits a constant source of high-energy electrons (known as beta rays) through a spot of clean fillter tape. These beta rays are detected and counted by a sensitive scintillation detector to determine a zero reading. The APDA-371 automatically advances this spot of tape to the sample nozzle, where a vacuum pump then pulls a measured and controlled amount of dust-loaded air through the filter tape. Hourly this dirty spot is placed back between the beta source and the detector thereby causing an attenuation of the beta ray signal which is used to determine the mass of the particulate matter on the filter tape.
The APDA-371 Air Pollution Dust Analyzer for Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) ensures long term stability and self-diagnostic capabilities as well as efficient collection of fluorine resin tape. The measurement principle operates according to EU and EPA regulations and is also type approved by TUV.
Oline heavy metals analyser – Horiba PX 375 (15 components)
There has been a growing concern regarding particulate matter (PM) pollution and its effects on health. For effective preventative measures, the determination of source PM concentration is extremely important. Therefore, indication of PM and elemental concentrations is critical. The PX-375 analyzer employs automatic sampling, continuous on-line PM quantitative and qualitative analysis for rapid air pollution measurements.
Multigas Calibrator (Horiba – APMC-370)
Dilution of gases with high accuracy and precision requires high quality MFC’s, especially for high dilution ratios and ranges. Consequently HORIBA’s APMC-370 is equipped with digital MFC’s. These MFC’s are factory calibrated, optional also with a special Polynomial Calibration. HORIBA Europe‘s APMC-370 is designed to calibrate gas analyzers manually, remotely controlled or automatically. It is installed in air pollution monitoring stations for quality assurance in the laboratory and also in the production of gas analyzers.——————————————————————————————————————–
Zero Gas Generator (ZNV-7)
HORIBA Europe’s Zero Gas Generator ZNV-7 has been developed to check the zero point and dilute the span gas sources in order to carry out the calibration of ambient air monitoring systems. The increasing sensitivity of ambient air analyzers is required by strict official guidelines, which demands pure and dry air in a sufficient quantity at constant pressure.
Data Management and Reporting Software
HORIBA’s data management and reporting software (IOVIS, IDZWR) for use in Air Quality and Meteorological monitoring. The software package provides data collection, management, analysis and reporting and maintenance. Measured data and related information is stored in a high-end rational SQL database. The software can be used stand-alone or run on several machines in a network operating in Microsoft Windows environment. Communication between Central & Remote Stations works with a wide variety of communication links, such as direct connections, short haul modems, telephone (including cellular) and multi-drop. Data can be transferred to and presented in Internet pages according to customers requirements.
- Collect data from Ambient Air Monitoring Stations
- Manage and store collected data
- Provide reports based on stored data
The I/O Expander takes as a central component of the Immission measuring station the calculation of averages, controlling function controls and saving data. The raw data are analogue, serial or read in via Ethernet. Automatically when certain events occur, a message by SMS or e-mail will be sent. The transmission of measurement data in the control centre is via a modem or network. For configuration and visualization software IOVIS Lite is included. Furthermore, the stored values can request with the integrated Web interface from any browser.


This home weather station with color LCD display which has remarkable color and layout that presents indoor & outdoor temperature and humidity readings can be easily seen and read from various different angles or sideways.
With color partition design, even in the sunlight you can clearly display the information in the home weather station.
The home weather station measures the in&outdoor temperature and humidity more precisely. In addition, there is the heat index, dow point, mold index, weather forecast based on air pressure, calendar, sunrise & sunset time, and more.
This Personal Weather Station can be used not only as a wireless indoor outdoor thermometer but also as an atomic clock with dual alarms.
This Wireless Weather Station has multiple Functions :
- Calendar & Time.
- Weather Forecast & Barometric Display.
- IN&OUT Temperature & Humidity & Trend (°C / °F).
- Max/Min Temperature/Humidity Record.
- IN&OUT Max/Min Temperature Alert.
- Sunrise & Sunset Time Display.
- Indoor Comfort Display.
- Battery Low Indicator.
- Alarm with Snooze Function Temperature.
- Full Color LCD display screen with adjustable brightness settings.
Power Supply :
- Weather Station : DC-POWER: Access DC5.0V, 1A (USB connection line).
- Battery : 3 x AAA.
- Outdoor Sensor : 2 x AAA batteries.
Package Includes :
- 1 x Weather Station.
- 1 x Outdoor Sensor.
- 1 x USB Power Cable.
- 1 x User Manual.


Government reveals plan to cut emissions in towns and cities
Retrofitting of the highest-polluting cars with emission-reducing equipment and clean air zones have been proposed in an attempt to improve air quality in the UK
The Government is proposing a number of measures to reduce emission levels in cities and towns around the country, including the retrofitting of emission-reducing equipment to the highest polluting cars and the wider spread introduction of clean air zones.
The plan outlines how a so-called Clean Air Zone would be implemented, stating that vehicles meeting a minimum standard would gain free entry into the zone. This would include diesel cars with Euro6 standards and petrol cars with Euro4 standards.
Fully electric or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles would not be charged while hybrid vehicles which meet minimum emissions requirements could also be exempt.
The Government also announced it is developing an accreditation scheme for retrofitting vehicles, which will launch this year, to ensure vehicle owners can be confident that the retrofit technologies applied will provide the necessary emissions reductions for free entry into a clean air zone.
However, there is no mention of a diesel scrappage scheme in the plan which had been widely rumoured to be part of the government’s plan to address air quality.
The proposals are laid out in a draft plan from the Government called the Clean Air Zone Framework, released today, which intends to improve air quality by reducing nitrogen dioxide levels in the UK.
The plans are now open for public consultation until 15th June, ahead of the final air quality plan’s publication on 31st July.
Ministers were ordered to draw up the new clean air plans following a court challenge by environmental lawyers ClientEarth. This followed a High Court ruling that existing Government proposals to meet EU-mandated limits were not sufficient.
A Government spokesman said: “The options now open for consultation on reducing nitrogen dioxide in our towns and cities are designed to reduce the impact of diesel vehicles, and accelerate the move to cleaner transport.
He continued: “Local authorities are already responsible for improving air quality in their area, but will now be expected to develop new and creative solutions to reduce emissions as quickly as possible, while avoiding undue impact on the motorist. The government is consulting on a range of measures that could be taken to mitigate the impact of action to improve air quality.”
Coventry-based car maker Jaguar Land Rover has said it welcomes “the consultation recognising the fundamental difference between older vehicles which contribute to air pollution and clean, new diesels which are part of the air quality solution”.
Managing director Jeremy Hicks said its latest Eu6 diesel engines were “among the cleanest in the world, with CO2 emissions around 20% lower than equivalent petrol engines,” adding that Jaguar Land Rover is continuing to invest in cleaner technology with £1bn invested at its Engine Manufacturing Centre near Wolverhampton, as well as a major hybrid and electrification programme.
However, Hicks added: “Older car engines are just one potential source of urban air pollutants, and we’d be keen to see the strategy tackling air quality across a range of pollution sources including heating, public transport and shipping.”
More to come…
Source: Autocar Online


Indoor Air Quality for Human Health in Residential Buildings
This study investigates the effects of indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters (short term-changes in indoor CO2 and PM2.5 concentration) on four human bio signals. Pearson correlation, stepwise linear regression and random forest are applied in data analysis. The bio-signals (among four bio-signals) most associated with IAQ parameters, participants’ IAQ evaluation and thermal comfort are determined. The factors (including indoor temperature, indoor relative humidity, four human bio-signals, and two IAQ parameters) most associated with participants’ IAQ evaluation and thermal comfort are determined.


In the year 2000, Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen introduced a term that reverberates to this day: the Anthropocene, signifying an epoch sculpted by human industrialization. Two decades later, this concept stands as a sobering backdrop to COP28, emphasizing decisions' far-reaching impacts beyond our lifetimes.
The Earth's climate narrative has dramatically shifted. By 2022, global temperatures rose by another 0.5°C, making the past nine years the hottest on record. In 2023, climate records were not merely broken but shattered, with 38 days surpassing the UN's 1.5°C safety threshold. Unprecedented heatwaves, wildfires, and floods unfolded, placing climate change at the forefront of our Anthropocene reality.
The surge in temperatures stems from escalating greenhouse gas levels, primarily carbon dioxide. In 2000, CO₂ levels were 370 parts per million (ppm); today, they hover around 420 ppm, escalating by 2 ppm annually. Cleaner skies, thanks to stringent regulations, contribute to the warming by allowing more solar energy to reach the Earth's surface.
As sea ice diminishes, Earth's reflective mirrors dwindle, amplifying the heat absorption. Disturbingly, atmospheric methane, a potent greenhouse gas, has surged since 2006, originating from warming tropical wetlands.
This recent warming thrusts Earth into climate warmth not witnessed in 120,000 years, with further warming foreseen over centuries due to feedback loops. Antarctica's ice, influenced by this warming, could lead to several meters of sea-level rise in the coming centuries.
Looking through the Anthropocene lens, where human activities disrupted the Earth's rhythmic climate variations, models project a lasting climate alteration for at least 50,000 years, akin to profound events in deep Earth history.
The question lingers: Can COP28, with its heavy fossil fuel representation, make a difference? Achieving "net zero" carbon emissions is a crucial first step, but the roadmap to an optimal climate requires negative emissions – pulling carbon from the atmosphere and returning it underground. For the well-being of future generations, the stakes are monumental.
You’ve come this far…
Why not venture a little further into A.S.S. - our exclusive Australian Space Society.
And keep thrusting Australia into the deep unknown…


Winter Comes and Goes with a Single Storm
Written By: Kate Houser
February 20th, 2012
Students are always looking for a reason to have a day off of the school work week, and when even a holiday such as Presidents Day would not grant them a day off, it was up to a little bit of snow to give the students some wishful thinking. Radford University students are happy to at least have a three hour delay this morning as a result of almost a foot of snow fall in Montgomery County throughout yesterday and early into this morning.
The snow came as quite a surprise to many people in the New River Valley. Local stores such as Wal-Mart and Target are already displaying swimsuits for sale. Students were outside in shorts enjoying the near 60 degree sunny weather throughout the day on Saturday. Beginning in the early hours Sunday morning however, students awoke to look outside their window and see everything covered in 2-3 inches of white snow. As the day continued the snow barely took a break but eventually the storm passed leaving behind up to 7-9 inches throughout the area.
“I was outside all day yesterday running around in a tank top, and now I’m wear a hat and gloves today,” said sophomore, Kayla Griffen. “After the warm weather we had yesterday I was shocked to see the snow on the ground this morning, but I’m definitely not complaining! I was hoping to get at least one good snow fall before spring break.” It seemed as though Virginia wasn’t even going to experience the winter she is used too, but this Presidents Day weekend proved us wrong and a snow storm was able to sneak its way into our forecasts as winter comes to a close.
Today’s school delay is the first that Radford University has seen in this 2011-2012 school year. Anyone who has lived in Radford for the past few years will tell you the weather has noticeably been significantly warmer this year than in the past. Senior, Brittany Hart looks back to a few years ago, “I remember my sophomore year we missed at least three or four days of school in a row due to snow. Since I’m a senior now and I’m graduating, I was wondering if I was ever going to experience another snow day since the weathers been ridiculously warm and dry this winter. I’m used to the Radford weather I experienced my freshman and sophomore year when it was painfully cold walking to class, and now I can get by with wearing a t-shirt to class some days.”
Those few days off of school Hart is referring too came as a result of the snow storm from 2010 when Montgomery County experienced a much larger snow and ice storm then the one this past weekend. The storm closed the Radford campus for multiple days, and gave Montgomery County public schools five days off causing the last day of school for the students to be pushed back further into the summer in order to meet the state requirement for school days attended.
Two years later however, the county is experiencing a much less dramatic snow storm. This could be due to the fact that the weather today is a 41 degrees and sunny and the snow has begun rapidly melting away causing streams of water alongside the roads. This rapid melting however could create traffic problems. The Virginia Department of Transportation issued a warning early this afternoon for drivers to be cautious on the roads this evening and tomorrow morning. The roads are expected to have spots of melted snow freeze over causing black ice.
Traffic was also affected throughout Sunday as the snow storm made its trek across Southern Virginia. Most students didn’t even leave their driveways, but for many who decided to go home for the weekend, they were welcomed back into the area a bit dangerously. Senior, Kevin Lee from Northern Virginia was not expecting the snow when he was driving down Interstate 81 South back to Radford. “The traffic on 81 was absolutely ridiculous! I was probably on the edge of my seat the whole time because of how slick the roads were from the snow. In a matter of 20-25 minutes I witnessed about three or four minor accidents.” Lee’s experience comes as no surprised as local news stations were urging drivers to stay off of the roads as the snow became more severe. The state of Tennessee was also affected by the storm and about 20 vehicles were reported in being involved in multiple accidents on Interstate 75. Interstate 95 around Richmond, Va. was also temporarily shut down due to weather related accidents.
This photo above was taken around 5:30 p.m. on Sunday, February 19th, 2012.
The photo below was taken around 4 p.m. on Monday, February 20th, 2012.
There is a significant difference in the two in just a 24 hour period.
The rapid melting of the near 7-9 inches of snow was a result of the sunny, warmer weather today.


According to U.S. Government forecasters, the Atlantic hurricane season is expected to be much busier than usual. They’ve predicted that we’ll have as many as six major storms during the season.
On May 23rd, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said there’s a 70 percent chance that between 13-20 storms will form in the Atlantic Ocean this season.
They believe that 11 of these storms could strengthen and intensify, turning them into hurricanes with winds of 119 KM/hour or higher. Whether or not these storms make landfall over the U.S. is anyone’s guess. Mother Nature can be unpredictably fierce.
NOAA explained that the reason hurricane season may be more threatening than normal is because average waters in the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic are warmer this year. This along with other atmospheric conditions create a prime environment for hurricanes to form and strengthen.
In 2012, there were ten Atlantic hurricanes, including Hurricane Sandy, which devastated the New Jersey and New York coasts in October. The hurricane season officially begins on June 1st, and lasts until November 30th.
NOAA has released this announcement to ensure Americans are fully prepared for potentially devastating and life-threatening storms. The “life” of businesses is threatened as well. It’s time to ensure all backup systems are running optimally, electronic information is stored offsite in a storm-sheltered data warehouse and that all disaster recovery systems are in place.
Call us today before you need a data recovery service. Call today to book your complimentary backup review with our technology professionals.


WXSIM Risk forecast for Combe Raleigh, initialized at 8:00 AM 28 May, 2015
There is a 60 percent chance of rain Friday. The rain will be heavy at times. Total rainfall of between 5 and 10 millimeters are possible.
We're now on WeatherCloud - HERE
WXSIM Weather Forecasts now tailored for Combe Raleigh - HERE
New Exmouth Coastwatch website live - HERE
Solar Thermal Data display in Real Time - HERE
Welcome to the Combe Raleigh Weather Station, based at The Old School.
The Station is based on the Davis Vantage Pro 2 Plus and Wireless Envoy. Wind Instruments are located on the antenna mast in the garden, with the Integrated Sensor Suite (ISS) mounted on a wooden post, at 1.5m above the lawn. These sensors are UV, Solar, Temp Humidity and Rain Bucket. The Davis Wireless Envoy is then routed through a WeatherLink Datalogger and into a Virtual Server, within a VMWare ESXi 5 Hypervisor.
The weather server is running Apache2, PHP5 and mysql5 as well as Weather-Display and WeatherDisplayLive. The station is backed up with a UPS and battery backup for the Data Logger which also has memory for 30 days of weather data in the event of software failure / hardware outage. Weather Data is backed up externally to an optical drive in case of server crash.
The station has been operational since 2006, located in Ottery St Mary until December 2011 and then moved to Combe Raleigh from January 2012.
Supplementary sensors based on 1-wire technology are used for Soil Temps, Grass Temp and Leaf Wetness. These are used with the WD software and data added to the mysql databse for further processing and display. A Blitzortung Lightning System is also installed with a 0.71m dual coil antenna located in the garden.
The weather software running the website is Weather Display and WeatherDisplayLive which are configured to maintain the data and display it efficiently. These products are available from the Weathershop. The website CMS is Joomla, and is used to maintain the content of the site. Phoca add-on's are added to provide extra functionality. Other software used such as the dynamic graphing code using jpgraph has been written by the author, which is available on request.
The Forecast functionality, which uses WXSIM, a local atmospheric modeling application provides accurate weather forecasting for the local area (-/+ 10 Miles). This software processes weather input from multiple sources and uses locally recorded data from the weather station database. The Accuracy of this software is continually being compared with the actual weather and is available from this site.
We have appeared on BBC One's Inside Out Programme in 2008, the Davis.net Newsletter and the Local East Devon Mid-Week Herald.
Please visit the site regularly. Feedback is always useful, so please drop by with any comments or requirements and we will see what we can do !!
This information is provided for information only, and is not designed to be an official source of meteorological data. Please do not make life dependent decisions based on this data.


Freely Available Weather Forecasting Resources useful to support of Agricultural decision makers
This session will provide a look into Weather Forecasting Concepts and the Climatology of Central Alberta and then describe how to interpret and interrogate said forecasts to help make better near real time decisions. In addition, a listing of available online resources will be provided to help the producer to access information.
CEU Credits: 0.5
Bio: Brian Proctor
Brian Proctor is a Meteorologist and Climatologist who was employed by Environment Canada & the Department of National Defense for 36 years, working providing Operational Meteorological Services, including briefings and forecasts for a number of Canadian Provinces and Territories as well as to Canadian and Allied Forces domestically, on exercises and/or deployments around the world.
Mr. Proctor has worked as a contract Weather Forecaster for the BC Wildfire Service since 2019 providing general briefings, smoke forecasts, Fire specific forecasts, and custom venting forecasts.
One of Mr Proctor’s specific areas of expertise relate to orographic temperature and precipitation variations on the eastern slopes of the Rockies.


Bhubaneswar: Most parts of Odisha including the state capital Wednesday experienced light to moderate rainfall due to a cyclonic circulation and similar condition is likely to continue till Sunday, the MeT department said.
Light to moderate rainfall has occurred at many places in the interior districts of Odisha and at one or two places in coastal Odisha, the MeT office said in a bulletin.
Sonepur and Rairakhol in Sambalpur district, Kankadahad in Dhenkanal district, Birmaharajpur in Sonepur district and some other places have received 2 cm rainfall each, it said.
The MeT office also predicted thunderstorms with lightning at one or two places in Bolangir, Boudh, Kandhamal, Sonepur, Angul, Nayagarh, Cuttack, Deogarh and Keonjhar districts and in some parts of coastal Odisha Wednesday under the influence of a cyclonic circulation. Besides, there will be dense fog at one or two places in Rayagada, Kalahandi and Kandhamal districts during the period, it said.
Similarly, light to moderate rain or thundershowers will occur at a few places in coastal Odisha and at one or two places in the interior districts of the state Thursday.
On Friday, there will be thunderstorms with lightning at one or two places in Sundargarh, Jharsuguda, Sonepur, Boudh, Angul, Dhenkanal, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj, Kalahandi, Rayagada, Deogarh, Ganjam and Kandhamal districts.


Children exposed to air pollution at school may be at risk of being overweight and obese
Exposure to air pollution, especially at school, may be associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity during childhood. This is the result of a study carried out by the World Health Institute of Barcelona (ISGlobal), an institution supported by “La Caixa”, carried out with 2,660 children between 7 and 10 years old from 39 schools in Barcelona.
Some studies have linked exposure to air pollution with an increased risk of childhood obesity and weight gain. However, these studies have focused mainly on exposure in the home, regardless of the school environment.
The study, published in the journal Environment International, evaluated the relationship between obesity, overweight and levels of air pollution at school and at home, the two young sections in which children in schools spend the vexgen keto majority weather.
On the one hand, the research team collected data on the weight, height, BMI, obesity and obesity of children. On the other hand, they used sensors in the school yard to measure the levels of outdoor pollution (NO2, carbon carbonate (EC), particulate matter (PM2.5) and nanoparticles) during one week in summer and another in winter. They also estimated exposure levels for NO2, NOx, PM2.5, PM10 and PMcoarse at home.
“We observed that children exposed to high or medium levels of air pollution in the studied particles NO2, PM2.5 and EC had a higher risk of obesity and overweight than those who were exposed to lower levels,” concludes first author Jeroen of Punt. In ISGlobal and IDIAP Jordi Gol. Exposure to high levels of PM10 in the home was also associated with an increased risk of obesity or overweight during childhood, although in this case the analysis was performed with estimates of exposure levels.


The snow and rain that delighted children and wreaked traffic havoc on the North Coast is expected to taper off early this morning, according to the National Weather Service.
Areas as low as 100 feet were “dusted with snow” on Friday, meteorologist Brian Garcia said. Some towns -- such as Orleans -- reported as much as 5.5 inches of snow by the afternoon.
”Above 1,000 feet is probably our hardest hit area right now,” he said.
Another 6 to 8 inches of snow was expected to fall on inland areas overnight, according to Garcia.
The winter weather delighted many, but also led to car accidents and the closure of several sections of U.S. Highway 101 on Friday, according to Caltrans. Areas three miles north of the State Route 20 junction and seven miles north of Laytonville to six miles south of Cummings were shut-down, while northbound lanes were closed 3.5 miles north of Willits due to snow and car accidents. Chains were required on State Route 299 from 16 miles east of Blue Lake to 4.5 miles west of the junction with State Route 96.
Three cars traveling across the bridge in Rio Dell on U.S. Highway 101 spun out about 8 a.m. Friday, the California Highway Patrol said.
No one was injured, and no roads were closed as a result, Sgt. Martin Abshire said.
”As always, we're very thankful that people were wearing their seat belts,” Abshire said. “As a result, people walked away from this without injury.”
The Humboldt County Sheriff's Office is reminding snow seekers not to trespass on private property.
While the precipitation is expected to end, the cold weather will continue over the weekend with morning low temperatures in the mid-20s and highs in the mid- to high-40s in areas near Humboldt Bay. Garcia said inland areas are expected to be even colder, with temperatures dropping to the mid-teens in Willow Creek and as low as 6 degrees in Weaverville.
Friday marked the third consecutive day of record low temperatures for the date, but the readings are expected to rise by the beginning of the week.
”Tuesday into Wednesday will be the first above-freezing night,” Garcia said.
Cold temperatures in Santa Clara County caused four deaths due to hypothermia, but none have been reported in Humboldt County, according to the Humboldt County Coroner's Office.
Emergency shelters were expected to open Friday night due to low temperatures.
Will Houston can be reached at (707) 441-0504 or at email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @Will_S_Houston


| < January >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Tripoli, Peloponnese in January is cool at 5.1 °C (41.18 °F).
- Afternoons can be a little cool with average high temperatures reaching 9.4 °C (48.9 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally very cool with an average low of 0.9 °C (33.6 °F).
- The range/ variation of daily average temperatures in January is 8.5 °C (15.3 °F).
- The weather in January is hardly dry with rain, sleet or snow every now and then. Circa 119.2mm (4.7in) of liquid tumbles during on average 14 days.
- The shortest day is 9:37 long and the longest day is 10:14 long with an average length of 9:52.
Check the distance to and compare the Tripoli, Peloponnese January averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for January in Tripoli, Peloponnese, Greece
Navigate to January Weather in Locations Surrounding Tripoli, Peloponnese:
- Thessaloniki, Greece - 335.3 kms (208.4 miles) N
- Lemnos, Greece - 349 kms (216.9 miles) NE
- Larissa, Greece - 233.5 kms (145.1 miles) N
- Skiros Island, Greece - 241.9 kms (150.3 miles) NE
- Lamia, Greece - 152 kms (94.5 miles) N
- Chios, Greece - 341.6 kms (212.3 miles) ENE
- Athens, Greece - 125.5 kms (78 miles) ENE
- Athens/ Hellenkion, Greece - 119.5 kms (74.3 miles) E
- Naxos, Greece - 268.2 kms (166.6 miles) E
- Milos, Greece - 203.2 kms (126.2 miles) ESE
- Kythira Island, Greece - 149.4 kms (92.8 miles) SSE
- Souda/ Khania, Greece - 274.8 kms (170.7 miles) SE
- Heraklion, Crete, Greece - 349 kms (216.9 miles) SE


Tropical Storm Bret is forecasted to move across the Lesser Antilles later this evening and tonight, June 22, as a strong tropical storm. The latest advisory from the National Hurricane Center puts it at 13.8°N 57.7°W, moving West at 14 mph, with maximum sustained winds of 70 miles per hour.
The storm is located 250 miles east of Barbados, carrying maximum sustained winds of 70 mph.
A Hurricane Watch has been initiated for St. Lucia, while Tropical Storm Warnings are in place for Dominica, St. Lucia, and Martinique. Tropical Storm Watches are also in effect for Barbados and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Residents in these areas can anticipate possible hurricane conditions within the next 24 to 36 hours, and are encouraged to keep a close eye on Bret’s progression.
On its current trajectory, Bret is anticipated to approach the Lesser Antilles today and move westward across the eastern and central Caribbean Sea over the next few days. However, the storm is expected to begin weakening after passing the Lesser Antilles tonight or on Friday and is projected to dissipate over the central Caribbean Sea by Saturday.
Despite the expected weakening, Bret’s impact is likely to be significant. Rainfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches are expected across portions of the Lesser Antilles, with a potential maximum of 10 inches. These conditions could lead to flash flooding, especially in high terrain areas, and urban flooding is also a possibility.
While attention is focused on Bret, another system is brewing in the central tropical Atlantic. The new system, designated AL93, is showing signs of organization. If current trends persist, it could develop into a tropical depression by later today as it moves westward to west-northwestward at 10 to 15 mph. The National Hurricane Center gives this system a 90 percent chance of formation within the next 48 hours and the next 7 days.


The climate of the earth is influenced by the amount of solar energy the earth receives and the composition of earths atmosphere. The earth has more carbon dioxide in its atmosphere now than it ever has during the existence of humans.
Watch the Click and Learn Video on the HHMI Biointeractive website entitled Paleoclimate: A history of Change at the link
- Explain the reasons why the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased dramatically in the past 150 years.
- The rise of carbon dioxide effects global temperatures and causes climate change. Climate for the most part has changed throughout the history of the earth, gradually over thousands of years, explain two consequences of rapid climate change to life on earth.


No burning today Dec. 11
Bryce Romine, Osage County Emergency Management Director announced that all burn permits are suspended for today, Dec. 11, 2017. This is a no burn day. No outside burning allowed.
This is a red flag warning. Extreme fire danger today.
Very high fire danger today. The Rangeland Fire Danger Index will be in the extreme category.
Extreme fire danger means, that fires start quickly, spread furiously and burn intensely. All fires are potentially serious. All outdoor vurning should be avoided in areas with extreme fire danger.
Todays forecast – Mostly sunny, with a high near 57. Windy, with a northwest wind 10 to 20 mph increasing to 20 to 30 mph in the afternoon. Winds could gust as high as 40 mph.


Winter weather to move in Tuesday night
A winter storm will impact the region Tuesday night with areas of heavy snow possible across parts of southeast Missouri and southern Illinois, according to the National Weather Service in Paducah, Ky.
A winter weather advisory is in effect from 6 p.m. Tuesday to noon Wednesday for portions of southern Illinois, Southwest Indiana and Southeast Missouri including Scott County and Sikeston, Missouri, and Stoddard County and Bloomfield, Missouri. As of 6 a.m. Tuesday, Mississippi and New Madrid Counties are not included in the advisory, but that could change as the storm moves across the area, the Weather Service said.
With the advisory wet snow is expected with total snow accumulations of up to 2 inches and wind gusts as high as 30 mph. Motorists should plan on slippery road conditions and impact to the Wednesday morning commute, the Weather Service said. They should slow down and use caution while driving.
A winter storm warning for Cape Girardeau, Jackson, Doniphan, and Poplar Bluff, Missouri, is in effect from 6 p.m. to noon Wednesday. Heavy, wet snow is expected in these areas with total snow accumulations of 4 to 6 inches. Sharp gradients of little snowfall to significant snowfall across a few miles are expected, the Weather Service said.
Winds will be rather strong and gusty, and the combination of gusty winds and heavy wet snow could stress power lines, the Weather Service said. Gusty east winds will shift to the south early Wednesday morning with gusts of 30 to 40 mph will be possible and a wind advisory has been issued for parts of the area.