The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) set standards, or limits, for the amount of pollution that is allowed in the atmosphere, first based on the effects the pollutant has on humans, and second based on the effect it has on plants, animals and buildings. While standards were not set for all pollutants, the U.S. EPA chose to limit six pollutants that were considered especially harmful, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM) and lead (Pb).
States are required to monitor the air quality within their borders, and to keep pollutant levels below the standards, or “the NAAQS”. If an area is below the NAAQS for a pollutant, it is considered to be in “attainment”. If the area is above the NAAQS for a pollutant, it is considered to be in “non-attainment”, and the state is required to take significant measures to bring the pollutant level down below the NAAQS and back into attainment.
Potawatomi Reservation lands located in Forest County have been in attainment of the NAAQS since air monitoring began in 2002. However, as EPA continues to review and strengthen the air pollution standards, it is possible that Forest County and the Reservation could be designated as being in non-attainment for a pollutant such as ozone. And while there aren’t any major pollution sources located on Tribal lands or within Forest County, the non-attainment designation would be the result of emissions carried from the large factory or power plant located in a county upwind. For more information on the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and a table of the standards, go to: https://www.epa.gov/naaqs


Thermodynamic Weather Systems
Jesus fed 5,000 people with food which materialized out of thin air. The next thing that we read in scripture is about a tempestuous storm which moved across the area. These two phenomena are related.
If Jesus used a form of nucleosynthesis to create food from the energy in his ambient environment then it’s reasonable to assume that the temperature in the region around the miracle dropped. The temperature dropped by enough over a sufficient area to provide the energy necessary to feed 5,000 people.
Predictive Testable Hypothesis 37
- IF the temperature dropped in the region around the 5,000
- AND resulted in the formation of an area of low pressure,
- THEN the next thing we read about should be some really strong winds.
By a totally staggering coincidence, the next thing that happens in the story is a tempestuous storm moves into the area.
It takes quite a few kilo joules of energy to feed 5,000 people, in which case the temperature drop necessary will be inversely proportional to the size of the area affected. A drop in temperature of this kind and over a large enough area would cause an area of low pressure to develop, which would drive other weather effects.
|The First Law of Thermodynamics||The Gospel as Physics|
|Thermodynamic weather systems||Feeding the 5000|
|Thermodynamic weather systems||Jesus Walks on the Sea|
|Thermodynamic weather systems||The Bread from Heaven|
|Thermodynamic weather systems||Believe in Him|
|Thermodynamic weather systems||Manna Didn’t Come from Moses|
|Thermodynamic weather systems||Hypothesis 37|
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In the promotional film, wing-mounted flying players draw dynamic colorful clouds with cool and gorgeous tail smoke, and the bright smoke pouring out from the riding players’ masks is domineering, which greatly set off the happy atmosphere of a free and crazy game.
Just imagine, without these colored smoke, those winged pilots in the sky and riding players on the vast land are just a group of fast-moving ants in our eyes.
After the widespread application of aircraft, people found that aircraft sometimes left a long “tail” in the place they passed with the movement in flight, so they vividly called this phenomenon “smoking”.
The earliest smoke phenomenon was actually caused by the exhaust gas from aircraft.
First, the exhaust gas temperature is high. When it flies above 8000 meters and the ambient temperature is between – 41 ℃ and – 60 ℃, the water vapor in the air and the exhaust gas will condense into countless small water droplets or small ice crystals, which usually looks like a white piece of smoke to the naked eye.
Because its formation conditions are unstable, we often see this smoke intermittently, and more in winter.
Second, in low altitude, although the temperature is not enough to condense water vapor, the heat of aircraft exhaust evaporates the surrounding water vapor, so smoke can sometimes be seen in the clouds in low altitudes.
This principle sometimes causes water vapor to rise due to heating, and finally forms a wider and longer wake kilometers away from the aircraft.
Air convection smoke
With the wide application of jet aircraft, smoking is more common.
Due to the different pressure difference between the upper and lower wings of a jet aircraft or the rotation of the propeller, an air vortex with low central pressure will be generated at the end of the wing, which makes the surrounding water vapor condense here to form smoke.
This kind of smoke is generally two, more conspicuous and more ornamental.
The above are naturally occurring smoking phenomena, and man-made smoking is left by the “urination” of the aircraft in addition to smoking agents.
Aviation smoke oil
Just kidding, the so-called “urination” of the aircraft is actually the air-fuel discharge operation of the aircraft.
Sometimes, the aircraft needs to reduce weight during flight to ensure safe landing. At this time, the aircraft will release the fuel in the form of small droplets after pressurizing and crushing through the special release port.
This is also to minimize the pollution to the air environment. Of course, what finally appears in front of people is white smoke. (so you’d better go to the bathroom before swimming)
After seeing all kinds of aircraft smoke, especially the development of science and technology, which enables aircraft to make rich flight movements, emotional humans thought of attaching color to these smoke, which not only increases the appreciation of flight performance, but also realizes the human epic of “painting in the sky”?
Sure enough, these artistic visions should finally be realized by science students, and the research on smoking agents began.
The emergence of aircraft smoking
At the beginning, due to the immature technology, people found sulfuric anhydride as the solvent of smoking agent in many existing preparations.
Although sulfuric acid anhydride will fog rapidly due to its water absorption and good viewing effect, the sulfuric acid fog produced by sulfuric acid anhydride will cause serious damage to the environment and even the aircraft fuselage.
Even when applied to flight performances, toxic colored metal compounds are usually used as the main colorants of smoke pulling agents for performance effects.


Alaska Gov. Mike Dunleavy declared a state of disaster on Saturday as a powerful storm threatened huge swaths of the coastline, with major flooding already reported.
Alaska Gov. Mike Dunleavy has declared a state of disaster Saturday as a powerful storm threatens huge swaths of the state’s western coastline.
Towns are facing strong winds and flooding, and bracing for possible power outages caused by a storm forecasters are calling one of the worst in the state’s recent history.
The storm systems continued to “produce a potentially historic and long-duration storm surge, and damaging high winds across southwestern and western Alaska,” the National Weather Service said Saturday.
The remnants of Typhoon Merbok are expected to bring moderate to heavy rainfall to the region until Sunday morning. On Saturday morning, a “very angry sea” brought storm surge into the community of Port of Nome, the Weather Service station in Fairbanks, Alaska tweeted. Wind gusts could reach hurricane strength in some areas, Weather Service forecasts say.
Significant coastal flooding is expected until Sunday morning, with the highest water levels Saturday afternoon, the Weather Service said.


SA is the biggest wind and solar producer in Africa, but most of its energy still comes from coal
While other African countries are taking greater strides compared to South Africa to rely on renewable power even with new renewable plants opening up in SA
It’s getting hot in here: 100 years of global temperatures tracked
In order to visualise global temperatures, a major component in climate change, we tracked the average global temperatures over the past century, from 1920 to 2019. Using data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we created an interactive visualisation comparing the average temperatures to see which years stood out.


One week we’re enduring apocalyptic smoke and heat, then suddenly a deluge washes it all away, the temperature drops, leaves start falling, and thoughts turn to the coming winter. Any skier paying attention to the mainstream media couldn’t help but be depressed by endless talk of a strong El Nino and predictions of a warmer and drier winter. After such a mediocre snow season last year, it’s almost enough to consider taking up fat biking. We are going to experience an El Nino winter, but as an obsessive weather geek it seems all this doom and gloom forecasting is misdirected. The American NOAA provides detailed modelling http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/ENSO/enso.anal.shtml of El Nino’s historic impact on our (actually 10km to the South) weather, which leads to very different conclusions.
Jan – Mar precipitation anomaly records from 1950 – 2002 clearly show that while the Seattle area averages less precipitation in El Nino years, there is no consistent variation from normal for North Eastern Washington. The same applies for moderate to strong El Ninos. For temperature there is on average no change in El Nino years, while an average of approximately one degree centigrade increase in temperature in moderate to strong El Ninos. Compared to the two to four degree warming we experienced last year due to the Blob http://cliffmass.blogspot.ca/2015/09/godzilla-el-nino-versus-blob-who-will.html this isn’t a significant cause for concern.
I’m expecting a normal snowy winter, with as good a chance as not of an above average winter at Red mountain as per the last two strong El Ninos in 1982/83 and 1997/98 http://bestsnow.net/summ98.htm .


The global warming establishment and the media are crowing about 2010 being in a tie for the “hottest year” ever. The UK Guardian headline sums up the media’s promotion:
UK Guardian: ‘Hottest Year’ Claim: 2014 officially the ‘hottest year’ on record US government scientists say - ‘Nasa and Noaa scientists report 2014 was 0.07F (0.04C) higher than previous records…The global average temperatures over land and sea surface for the year was 1.24F (0.69C) above the 20th century average, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa) and Nasa reported. The scientists said 2014 was 0.07F (0.04C) higher than the previous records set in 2005 and 2010.’
But scientists and climate skeptics are countering that the claims of “hottest year” are based on immeasurable temperature differences that are based on hundredths of a degree differences.
Climate Depot’s Marc Morano issued this statement: “There are dueling datasets. Surface temperature records and satellite records and they disagree. The satellites were set up to be “more accurate” than the surface records. See: Flashback: 1990 NASA Report: ‘Satellite analysis of upper atmosphere is more accurate, & should be adopted as the standard way to monitor temp change.’
Any temperature claim of “hottest year” based on surface data is based on hundredths of a degree hotter than previous “hottest years”. This immeasurable difference is not even within the margin of error of temperature gauges. The claim of the “hottest year” is simply a political statement not based on temperature facts. “Hottest year” claims are based on minute fractions of a degree while ignoring satellite data showing Earth is continuing the 18 plus year ‘pause’ or ‘standstill’. See: The Great Pause lengthens again: Global temperature update: The Pause is now 18 years 3 months (219 months)
Claiming 2014 is the “hottest year” on record based on hundredths of a degree temperature difference is a fancy way of saying the global warming ‘pause’ is continuing.”
End Morano statement. (Morano was former staff of U.S. Senate Environment & Public Works Committee and producer of upcoming documentary Climate Hustle.)
Even former NASA global warming chief scientist James Hansen, the leading proponent of man-made global warming in the U.S., conceded in 2011 that the “hottest year” rankings are essentially meaningless. Hansen explained that 2010 differed from 2005 by less than 2 hundredths of a degree F (that’s 0.018F). “It’s not particularly important whether 2010, 2005, or 1998 was the hottest year on record,” Hansen admitted on January 13.
Climatologist Dr. Judith Curry, former chair of the school of earth and atmospheric sciences at Georgia Institute of Technology, had this to say about 2014 being the ‘hottest year’: “The ‘warmest year’ is noticeably missing in the satellite data sets of lower atmospheric temperatures,” Curry wrote on January 16. Curry predicts another decade of a global warming ‘pause’ or ‘hiatus’. “I’ve made my projection – global surface temperatures will remain mostly flat for at least another decade,” she eexplained
“With 2014 essentially tied with 2005 and 2010 for hottest year, this implies that there has been essentially no trend in warming over the past decade. This ‘almost’ record year does not help the growing discrepancy between the climate model projections and the surface temperature observations,” Curry told the Washington Post.
Curry continued: “Berkeley Earth (temperature analysis) sums it up well with this statement: ‘That is, of course, an indication that the Earth’s average temperature for the last decade has changed very little.’
Climatologist Dr. Pat Michaels, mocked the notion of the “hottest year.”
“Whether or not a given year is a hundredth of a degree or so above a previous record is not the issue. What IS the issue is how observed temperatures compare to what has been forecast to happen,” Michaels said.
Michaels continued: “John Christy and Richard McNider, from University of Alabama (Huntsville) recently compared climate model projections to observed lower atmospheric temperatures as measured by two independent sources: satellites and weather balloons. They found that the average warming predicted to have occurred since 1979 (when the satellite data starts) is approximately three times larger than what is being observed.”
Climatologist Dr. John Christy, professor of atmospheric sciences, University of Alabama-Huntsville, noted satellites do not agree with “warmest year” claims.
“The satellite and balloon data of the deep atmosphere have 2014 in a cluster of warmish years well below the hottest two of 1998 and 2010″, Christy said.
“With the government agencies reporting that the surface temperature as highest ever, we have a puzzle. The puzzle is even more puzzling because theory (i.e. models) indicate the opposite should be occurring – greater warmth in the deep atmosphere than the surface. So, there are just many very basic and fundamental aspects of the global climate we have yet to comprehend.”
Climatologist Dr. Roger Pielke Sr., professor of atmospheric science, Colorado State University downplayed the accuracy of the surface temperature record.
“There remain significant uncertainties in the accuracy of the land portion of the surface temperature data, where we have found a significant warm bias. Thus, the reported global average surface temperature anomaly is also too warm.”
“More generally, we need to move beyond just assessing global warming, but examine how (and if) key atmospheric and ocean circulations, such as El Nino, La Nina, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, etc. are changing in their intensity, structure and frequency. These are the climate features that determine if a region has drought, floods, and so forth, not a global average surface temperature anomaly,” Pielke added.
Meteorologist Dr. Ryan Maue of Florida State University ridiculed the same “hottest year” rankings in 2010 and NASA’s Hansen’s admission that it “was not particularly important” which year was declared the “hottest.” “Well, then stop issuing press releases which tout the rankings, which are subject to change ex post facto,” Maue demanded in a January 14, 2011 commentary at WattsUpWithThat.com.


Aruba, October 31 2011 - After a five-year delay, NASA launched an Earth-observing satellite on Friday to test new technologies aimed at improving weather forecasts and monitoring climate change.
The $1.5 billion mission comes amid a year of weather extremes, ranging from the Midwest tornado outbreak to the Southwest wildfires to hurricane-caused flooding in New England. "We've already had 10 separate weather events, each inflicting at least $1 billion in damages," said Louis Uccellini of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The satellite lifted off before dawn from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., aboard a Delta 2 rocket that sent it toward an orbit some 500 miles high.
"Smooth ride," flight commentator Steve Agid reported during the ascent.
The space agency already has a fleet of satellites circling the Earth, taking measurements of the atmosphere, clouds and oceans. But many are aging and need replacement.
The latest — about the size of a small school bus — is more sophisticated. It carries five different types of instruments to collect environmental data, including four that never before have flown into space.
One of the satellite's main jobs is to test key technologies that will be used by next-generation satellites set to launch in a few years.
NOAA meteorologists plan to feed the observations into their weather models to better anticipate and track hurricanes, tornadoes and other extreme weather.
The information will "help us understand what tomorrow will bring," whether it's the next-day forecast or long-term climate change, said Andrew Carson, the mission's program executive at NASA Headquarters.
The satellite is part of a bigger program with a troubled history. Originally envisioned as a joint civil-military weather satellite project, ballooning costs and schedule delays caused the White House last year to dissolve the partnership.
Under the restructuring, the Defense Department is building its own military satellites while NASA is developing a new generation of research satellites for NOAA. Friday's launch was considered the first step toward that goal.
The satellite was supposed to fly in 2006, but problems during the development of several instruments forced a delay. NASA invested about $895 million in the mission while NOAA and the Air Force contributed $677 million.
Read more/ Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45068419/ns/technology_and_science-space/
Editorial note: These technologies are useful for the whole world and will give NASA more possibilities for the grow of available budgets.


Scientists Gather to Study the Arctic Climate
FAIRBANKS, Alaska -- Will it be hot and sunny tomorrow, or will it rain? Call a weather forecaster. But will it be generally hotter or cooler in 100 years? Call a climatologist.
This week climate researchers are discussing the complex interactions of the oceans, ice, and atmosphere in the Arctic at a workshop on the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) campus. The researchers are specialists in the fields of atmosphere, ice and oceans.
Understanding the Arctic climate is important because global climate changes often show up first in the Arctic. This makes the Arctic the bellwether for predicting global climate change.
Many scientists test their theories about the Arctic using supercomputers that describe nature mathematically. This is called modelling. Scientists use supercomputers to model tiny snowflakes or the entire Arctic region. A complex supercomputer model will calculate the effect of ocean currents, wind, precipitation, ice cover, cloud cover, and seasonal changes on the Arctic climate.
The workshop, "High Latitude Ocean-Atmosphere-Ice Interactions: Measurements and Models," brings scientists together from many disciplines to share their observations and research. The workshop is sponsored by the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center and the Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research. More than 60 scientists from throughout the United States are attending.
Earlier this week scientists focused on a different discipline each day: atmosphere on Tuesday, ice on Wednesday, and oceans on Thursday. Tomorrow morning (10:40 a.m., Friday, July 29) a panel discussion is scheduled to summarize much of this research. The conference runs through Friday, July 29, at the Geophysical Institute on the UAF campus.
Several scientists at the workshop are modelling the complex Arctic climate systems using the powerful supercomputer called Denali at the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center on the UAF campus.


July 2, 2019 the inhabitants of Latin America could observe the next solar eclipse. At the same time, a powerful hurricane was forming in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, and the satellite cameras that were following the eclipse managed to capture these two processes simultaneously.
The eclipse began in the South Pacific to the East of New Zealand, when the Moon moved between the Earth and the Sun, completely blocking the light of a star in the so-called total solar eclipse.
At the same time, the strongest hurricane Barbara of the fourth category with winds up to 210 km / hour formed over the Pacific Ocean to the North of the Equator and to the West of Mexico.
A major hurricane.
A total solar eclipse.
Earth is breathtaking. pic.twitter.com/U1rnfvczUt
— Dakota Smith (@weatherdak) July 2, 2019
It is believed that almost all the power of the hurricane will be on the ocean, so it is called the “fish storm”, because it will only affect the behavior of the fish.
Not too often you catch a Category 4 hurricane and a solar eclipse occurring in the same satellite loop. pic.twitter.com/eFze8Z3avp
— NWS Kansas City (@NWSKansasCity) July 2, 2019
Satellite NEXLAB filmed these two phenomena – the formation of a storm and a solar eclipse – in one clip.


The Nitrogen CycleSummary:
This interactive activity adapted from the University of Alberta illustrates how, through a process called fixation, nitrogen flows from the atmosphere, into the soil, through various organisms, and back to the atmosphere in a continuous cycle.
NB: This resource requires MimioStudio 8. Please install this version of the software before downloading the mcf file.
By downloading this media resource, you are agreeing to the terms and conditions set forth in the End-User License Agreement Legal Code.
Posted by: Teachers Domain
A beautiful extreme long shot of the U.S. Capitol building's West Front is shown from across...07/19/2011 - 7:10pm


It’s extremely possible that 2020 would be the warmest 12 months for the Earth’s floor since data started within the mid-1800s.
The primary 9 months of 2020 had been extraordinarily heat based on data from six completely different analysis teams that report world floor temperature data: NASA; NOAA; Met Office Hadley Centre/UEA; Berkeley Earth; Cowtan and Way; and Copernicus/ECMWF.
The year-to-date (YTD) common world temperature in 2020, to date, is 1.84 Fahrenheit (1.02 Celsius) above the Twentieth-century common, which is barely 0.07 of a level F (0.04 of a level C) shy of the document set for a similar YTD in 2016, based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
In 2020, January, April, Might, June, July, and September all noticed record temperatures in a minimum of one of many world floor temperature datasets. Every month of the 12 months ranged from the fourth warmest on document to the second warmest a minimum of one dataset.
For instance, the common world temperature in September was 1.75 Fahrenheit (0.97 Celsius) above the Twentieth-century common which surpasses the common world temperatures for each September 2015 and 2016 by 0.04 of a level F (0.02 of a level C), according to NOAA. Seven-warmest Septembers have occurred within the final seven years.
Climate models can present estimates of future warming based mostly on future emissions, greenhouse fuel concentrations, and different climate-influencing components.
In response to Carbon Transient’s evaluation, the chance that 2020 would be the warmest 12 months on document has declined within the NASA and Copernicus datasets, however has risen within the NOAA and Berkeley datasets. NOAA’s personal evaluation predicts a 99.9 p.c likelihood that 2020 might be among the many prime 5 warmest years and a 64.7 percent chance that it will likely be the warmest 12 months on document.
The info additionally present document concentrations of main greenhouse gases – CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide – within the ambiance, Carbon Brief reported. Increased emissions are inflicting warming and warming years which trigger higher climate-related disasters.
File warmth is only one signal of a altering local weather. Current mega-wildfires, hurricanes, and floods have all been pushed by local weather change. Extra excessive climate occasions will turn out to be more frequent and intense, scientists warn.
Sign this petition to demand that U.S. legislators come collectively to unanimously assist a Inexperienced New Deal in order that we will lastly tackle the local weather disaster.
Learn extra articles on the results of local weather change taking place
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As a European Commission report and an important academic paper have recently reminded us, air pollution remains a persistent threat to population health across Europe. Pollutants such as particulate matter and ozone are among the leading causes of premature mortality and respiratory-related health outcomes. Globally, exposure to air pollution ranks as one of the top ten risk factors for health.
At the same time there is a large body of North American research suggesting that more socially disadvantaged places tend to have higher levels of air pollution. If this is true in Europe then it may help to explain why health continues to be so geographically unequal. In Europe, few studies have examined the social distribution of pollution, and what work there is has tended to focus on specific locales such as cities.
Through Equity Action – a Joint Action between the EU and Member States – a group of researchers at CRESH were commissioned to develop a tool for examining geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in particulate and ozone air pollution across regions of the European Union. We obtained EU-wide data on socioeconomic status1, particulate matter (PM10)2, and ozone (O3)3 for regions4 across the EU in 2006 and 2010. We divided the EU regions into five equal groups according to the measure of socioeconomic status, and calculated summary pollution statistics for each cluster.
Our results showed that there was an overall reduction in mean air pollution concentrations over the period. Yet this reduction was not consistent across all regions – for some areas there was an increase or little change in mean pollution levels whereas for other areas there was a large fall (see example map of PM10).
We also found that mean PM10 and O3 levels were consistently around 30% higher in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged compared to the least disadvantaged areas although this trend was non-linear across the groups of regions (see graph).
Whilst it is encouraging that overall levels of air pollution across the EU have reduced, our findings reveal that these advances have not been shared equally across all regions. Socioeconomic inequalities in pollution are a public health concern as they may contribute to the well-known gradient in health across social groups. The European Commission recognises the importance of reducing health inequalities in the EU. Part of the strategy is to assess the impact of EU policies on health inequalities. Yet addressing health equity concerns did not feature in the EU’s recent Clean Air Policy Package. The findings from our project suggest strategies to address health inequalities across Europe are likely to require intersectoral collaboration to incorporate environmental concerns such as air pollution.
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, measured as Purchasing Power Standards per inhabitant.
- PM10 long-term (calendar year μg m3)
- O3 long-term (calendar year, μg m3)
- 270 NUTS2 regions (population generally between 800,000 and 3 million)


A heat wave slams the U.S. with temperatures predicted by the National Weather Service to soar to the mid 90's throughout the first week of July in regions east of the Mississippi. High temperatures for New England south to Virginia and east of the Appalachian Mountains are expected to range from 95 to 104 degrees. The National Weather Service has issued high temperature alerts for New York, New Hampshire, Maryland, Massachusettes, Vermont, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware; and throughout sections of Virginia, West Virginia, and Michegan.
Officials have warned residents to drink plenty of fluids and only remain outdoors for short periods of time. Record breaking temperatures have already been reached in New Jersey, causing water restrictions and temporarily blackouts.
Forecasters predict a break in the high temperatures on approximately July 10, 2010.


According to meteorological department monitoring,at 16:00 on the 7th,”Lotus” is located on approximately 370 kilometers of Shantou City,south-east northeastern South China Sea,the center of the wind 10 (90 km / h). It expects “Lotus” will be about 10 kilometers per hour to move northwest side,the intensity gradually increased,more likely in the evening to the night on the 8th,“Lotus” will as typhoon or tropical storm (11 or 12) log in the eastern coastal areas to Taiwanese or along the eastern offshore westward,which will have serious wind and rain impact on Guangdong.
In previous years,the trees in the Liri Factory were bown down under the typhoon.
During the “Lotus” effect,eastern coast and northern Guangdong will appear heavy rain storms heavy rainfall,accumulated rainfall of up to 250-350 mm in the process,part of the site may be more than 400 mm.
In previous years,Liri 40m clear span big tent were still safe and sound under the typhoon.
In the typhoon approaching,special protection should be needed for outdoor temporary buildings:
1. In the case of wind speed is 8 magnitude and below,first of all,tension bar around the sidewalls need to cling close to the ground,the rope buckle between each bay sidewalls should be strained up,which make the tent form a completely closed space that wind are not permitted to enter. Second,standard counter weight should be carried out according to the tent type specifications. Also,to be on the safe side,it need to pull cable-stayed steel to reinforce the tent at the four corners at least,the best at each bay.
In previous years,the reinforcement way of Liri 40m clear span big tent under the typhoon.
2. In the case of wind speed is over 8 magnitude,if the time,labor and other conditions permit,it is best to dismantle tents,and re-build them after the typhoon; If not,the roof cover and sidewalls should be removed,leaving only the tent frame,and evacuate the staff and valuables,to avoid unnecessary losses.
Liri Structure manufacturer select the excellent material,adopt the high-strength aluminum alloy for the tent frame,hot dipped galvanized steel for the connectors. Under the normal installation and fixing conditions,Liri Structures can withstand 8-10 magnitude strong winds. Even durable as Liri Structures that with excellent wind resistance,but when the wind speed faster and faster,the weather becomes more and more severe,staff need to be evacuated quickly. After all,the tents are only the temporary outdoor construction,not the shelter in the strong winds.
In previous years, Liri 50m clear span big tent still stood there under the typhoon.


The DF-3 Aerosol Dust Generator is used within a laboratory environment to generate a specific amount of dust in order to test, calibrate and adjust your ambient particulate monitors. Custom made scientific glass controls and hardware make this unit a great addition to your testing and calibrating facilities.
•Laboratory Aerosol Generator
•Provides scientist with Re-Suspended Dust
•Generates up to 1 gram of dust each minute
•Automatically generates user selectable dust concentrations
•Displays Dust Rate and air flow rate
Generating amount: Max1g/min. (using TA-31)
Flow Rate of Aerosol: 40~80L/min capacity of hopper: Aprx 600mL generating time: 8 hours of continuous generating (0.5g/min.)
Timer: ~99 hours (hosted set)
Primary air supply: pressure over 0.2mpa - air flow 40l/min.
Power supply: ac100v, 50/60hz, 2a size & weight: 520 (w) x 320(d) x 460 (h)mm, 28kg


By 2024, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has thrown up a red flag about climate change, predicting another year of breaking records. At the top of their worry list is how fast the oceans are heating up something that’s setting off alarm bells about our planet’s weather patterns.
The Scary Jump in Sea Temperatures
New figures show sea temperatures hitting new highs and stepping into unknown territory. A graph with average daily surface temps makes it clear we’ve left normal way behind, with 2023 temps going up a lot and early 2024 already suggesting it isn’t stopping.
John Abraham who teaches mechanical engineering at the University of St. Thomas and works with others worldwide tracking sea heat, sounds worried about these numbers. The ra
pid warming is said to be caused by longterm global warming and events such as El Niño, but Abraham thinks there may be more reasons that we haven’t found yet.
Figuring Out the Reasons
About half the warming is likely due to global warming, and El Niño also plays a big role, according to Abraham. But there’s still around 20% of the warming that’s unexplained, which suggests there may be other causes we don’t know about. Scientists are keen on investigating these unexpected patterns to fully grasp what affects ocean temperature.
The WMO’s Serious Alert
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has released a report called “State of the Global Climate” that shows how bad things are with our climate. It talks about record highs in greenhouse gas concentrations, ocean heat content, acidification levels in oceans higher sea levels, and melting glaciers. The report say’s 2023 is the warmest yeår on record.
The last ten years have been the hottest on record. We’re getting dangerously close to the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Agreement, which is a huge red flag for us to tackle the main causes of global warming headon. Burning fossil fuels is the biggest reason for this heating trend, pushing our planet closer to permanent harm.
The Ocean’s Cry for Help
Our oceans are more than just a number trending upwards. they’re screaming for attention. Taking up 70% of Earth’s surface, they are key in keeping our climate stable. Just one degree hotter can lead to severe changes messing with weather, harming sea creatures and throwing entire ecosystems off balance.
The United Nations SecretaryGeneral António Guterres has put it bluntly, we’re in a grave situation with climate change going “off the charts.” It’s clear from all major signs that we’re facing an outright emergency.
A Little Light at the End of the Tunnel
Even though things look pretty bad, there’s still a little hope because of renewable energy. The WMO report points out that we’re making more renewable energy than ever before – almost 50% more in 2023. Moving to clean energy is our ticket to cutting down carbon and keeping our future bright.
To wrap it up, the oceans are heating up fast and that’s screaming at us to do something about climate change now. We know what we’ve gotta do, use less power, switch to renewables, and stick to green ways that will keep Earth in good shape for the long haul.


A Ford Explorer was not far from the path of hell towers Kansas winds that carry sand, an unforgettable image. This incredible photograph depicts a 4000 foot-high storm winds that carry sand granules. This photo was taken by a "storm chaser" the most famous in America named Jim Reed.
Reed has been documenting the natural phenomenon in the U.S. for 15 years. This photo appeared in National Geographic magazine published in June 2009. Ford Explorer that belonged to him who used to chase storms across America for over a decade and a half.
Storm phenomenon is often referred to as "Landspout" or "spray ground". Tornadoes are formed by thunderstorms or cumulus clouds that form the tower. This phenomenon is generally short-lived. The photos above was taken on May 8, 2008. Tornado was just one of 187 who attacked the Kansas tornado in 2008.


Cotonou Benin Weather
The Cotonou Weather Forecast page provides a comprehensive overview of weather conditions in the city and the region in general, as well as weather forecasts for the coming week.
The monthly outlook forecasts a weather report with a map of tropical weather conditions, with updates on temperature and real-world conditions. Temperatures in the prairie have risen and monthly forecasts are long - predicting temperatures in Cotonou over the next few days.
In March, temperatures are higher on average (about 28.5) and October has the highest probability of wet days, but also higher probabilities of precipitation. Benin Weather Underground provides local and long-term forecasts, and the best time to visit Cotonou and Benin is October, using a base of 50AdegF. Average temperatures have been around -28.5 ° C since March, so temperatures will be higher than detailed in the weather forecast. Yahoo weather and rain for March from statistical data and MERRA-2 reconstructions.
Hourly forecasts include temperature, humidity and wind and include average weather factors such as rain, precipitation, wind speed and direction or temperature and humidity. Hourly forecasts include temperature (-28.5 degrees C), humidity (30%), wind (20%) and precipitation (10%).
Weather warnings include weather warnings, including extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and hurricanes. A 10-day forecast describing the best time of year for a visit to Cotonou, Benin, and the weather conditions for a visit. A 10-day forecast for the 10 days of the year, detailed with forecasts for rain, wind, humidity, temperature and precipitation.
A 10 day weather forecast which describes the best season for visiting Cotonou, Benin, and the weather conditions for your visit, as seen at the top right of the page, with forecasts of rain, wind, humidity, temperature and precipitation. A 10-day weather forecast for the 10 days of January, detailed with forecast of rain and wind for all parts of the Benin capital Bangui.
A 10 day weather forecast for the 10 days of January, detailed with forecasts of rain, wind, humidity, temperature and precipitation for all parts of the Benin capital Bangui. A 10-day weather forecast that describes in detail the weather conditions for Cotonou, Beni, Ivory Coast and the rest of Africa.
In March, the average temperature is higher (around 28.5) and lower in August (around 23.7) than in February (20.6). On August 11, average maximum temperatures are around 10 degrees Celsius, which is below the average for the rest of the year. Average temperatures typically range between 75 and 89 degrees, but are higher in March and lower in April and May.
Based on the results of the beach and pool, the average number of heat activities that Cotonou hosts is in the mid to high 90s. Rainfall is rare and today there is a high probability of up to 1.5 mm of rain per day, but not much more than 2.0 mm.
If it is dry after January 28, it is January, December and then February, with a high chance of rain in late May and early June.
If you are looking for the best time of year to visit Cotonou Benin, the hottest months are March, April and then February, with a high chance of rain in late May and early June. Highs have a very good chance of rain from mid-May to the end of June, and only a small chance from late July to early August. The best time of year to visit Côte d'Ivoire and Benin in hot weather is based on results and provides local and long-term forecasts. A very warm time to visit Cotonou is from the beginning of April to the end of May or the beginning of July.
If you miss out on the sun, you should plan a trip to Porto from May to September, when the weather is often sunny and warm, and to Côte d'Ivoire from August to October.
The best time of year to visit Cotonou Benin and its weather months are September and October, which have a high probability of precipitation, which you are ready to go outside. Be prepared, these months must be the right weather for your trip to Ivory Coast and also for the rest of the country. The best time to visit Cotonou Benin is from September to October and from August to September.
May, July, September and October, which have a high probability of precipitation and weather. The best time to visit Cotonou Benin and its weather months are from September to October and from August to August, both of which have high rainfall probabilities. Get the latest weather forecast, detailed 10-day forecast for Ivory Coast and the rest of the country, with the best weather forecasts for each month.
April, May, July, September and October, which have a high probability of precipitation and wind. On average, August to tomorrow is the coldest month of the year and the cold season lasts 2-3 months. The distribution of temperatures this year extends from January 1st to today, the historical weather forecast is provided by historical and past weather forecasts on this page.


Global energy-related emissions of carbon dioxide hit a record high last year, although more clean technology such as solar power and electric vehicles helped limit the impact of increased coal and oil use, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said on Thursday. Deep cuts in emissions, mainly from burning fossil fuels, will be needed over the coming years if targets to limit a global rise in temperatures and prevent runaway climate change are to be met, scientists have said. “We still see emissions growing from fossil fuels, hindering efforts to meet the world’s climate targets,” IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol said in a release alongside the report. The report by the Paris-based watchdog comes just weeks after major fossil fuel producers such as Chevron, Exxon Mobil and Shell reported record profits, with BP also rowing back on plans to slash oil and gas output and reduce emissions.
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June 10, 2010 —
A line of severe storms swept across the area late Saturday night and early Sunday morning spawning tornados that caused damage in surrounding areas, but fortunately causing little damage in the local area besides a couple trees down and some power outages in town, with scattered power outages reported elsewhere in the Hudson area.
Things were not quite as nice nearby. Late Saturday night tornado warnings flew just south of the Ohio border. While there were no reports of tornado touchdowns in the general area, the same storm system caused considerable damage and five deaths near Toledo, where a high school was damaged among other issues.
A second line of supercells swept by about two hours later, missing Hudson to the north, and this one did cause damage. An EF-1 tornado touched down about a mile north of Rome Center, and caused extensive damage to a farm owned by Jerry Van Brunt. Damage included four pole barns being destroyed, along with damage to several classic cars and tractors, and a new combine. Twelve semi trucks owned by Van Brunt’s son David were also damaged.
Vivian Van Brunt commented, “The community has been amazing. We had hundreds of people show up yesterday with food and equipment, people I didn’t even know who said they were our neighbors, crock pots full of food, thirteen pizzas, four fully cooked turkeys. We really appreciated it!”
There was other damage, including a damaged barn, along the two and a half mile path of the touchdown.
Ironically, the damaged area was very close to the area damaged in the legendary 1965 Palm Sunday tornado.
A few minutes later the same storm system dropped an EF-2 tornado near Dundee, doing considerable damage.
Hudson and Lenawee County have been lucky about tornados recently, with none reported in the last several years. But the possibility of them happening in storm season has always been present. This storm, in spite of its relatively small power, was particularily dangerous because of it striking in the early hours of the morning when most people would not be aware of tornado warnings because of being asleep. Even if people had been awake, there wouldn’t have been a lot of reaction time; the National Weather Service issued a tornado warning only two minutes before the storm hit Dundee.


The Calm During The Storm: News Radio Listening Up During Nor’easter.
Major winter storms may be a nightmare for commuters but they’re a ratings dream for news radio programmers. Driving snow, gusting winds and treacherous conditions typically deliver a ratings boost to go-to news radio outlets. The impact on listening of a Nor’easter that barreled up the East Coast last weekend can be seen in the streaming numbers of news stations from Philadelphia to Boston.
Saturday morning in Philly, at the height of the storm that delivered six inches of snow to the city but a foot or more in outlying areas, the streaming audience for Audacy all news KYW (1060, 103.9) was 83% higher than the average of the other Saturdays in January at the same time. The day before, as listeners tuned in to find out when and where the storm would be hitting, online afternoon drive listening to KYW was approximately 60% higher than the weekday average for the prior two weeks.
In New York, where snowfall totals ranged from 7-9 inches, Audacy news WCBS (880) experienced a 30% increase in streaming in the morning hours Sunday, compared to previous January Sunday streaming.
While the storm dumped snow from Virginia to Maine, Massachusetts bore the brunt of the fury, with Sharon and Stoughton getting more than 30 inches of snow. Boston’s 23.6 inches on Saturday tied the city’s 2003 record for most snowfall in one day. No surprise then that iHeartMedia news WBZ-AM (1030) showed the biggest streaming increase, with online listening rocketing up by 150% in certain hours. Listening sessions to WBZ-AM activated on the iHeartRadio streaming platform grew 94% during the storm and preliminary broadcast listening based on Nielsen AQH estimates was up 42%.
The record-setting snowfall showed that, once again, when listeners need a companion to keep them informed during a crisis, they turn to big audio brands like these for the latest information.
While streaming numbers are an increasingly important indicator, the majority of radio listening still takes place on AM/FM receivers. So, the Nor’easter’s full impact won’t be known until the release of Nielsen’ January PPM monthly, which covers the period from Jan. 6- Feb. 2. Those numbers begin rolling on Feb. 22.


Past week’s wintry snap contrasts summer of record highs
Published: Tuesday, January 29, 2013
Updated: Wednesday, February 13, 2013 15:02
As students and faculty members shivered in the recent bout of biting wind and cold, scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that 2012 was the hottest year on record in the continental United States.
The average temperature for 2012 was 55.3 degrees (a temperature many students would kill for at the moment), making it a single degree hotter than the average in 1998, the previous record-holding year. While students bundle up for the January cold, scientists signal toward a hotter future and what it will mean for us all.
New Hampshire State Climatologist Mary Stampone is a lecturer in the Department of Geology at UNH. According to her, while there have been ups and downs in yearly temperature recordings, on average, recent years have been hotter.
“We’ve had more years in (the) top 10 (warmest years) since 1990 than in previous years,” Stampone said. “Eight of (the) top ten have been since 1990.”
According to Stampone, the rising temperatures are consistent with theories surrounding climate change. She said that as temperatures rise, people might start to see a shift in the climate’s baseline and weather.
“You can’t say any one weather event was caused by climate change; it’s too chaotic,” Stampone said. “But studies have shown that there’s been an increase in certain types of weather events happening more often.”
Stampone also pointed out that the large fall storms New England has experienced over previous years might have been influenced by climate change. At roughly the same time during the past two years, hurricanes Sandy and Irene worked their ways up the East Coast, causing large amounts of damage.
“Sandy is a good example, because a hurricane like that you expect to from when and where it did,” Stampone said. “But where it went and what it did have a lot to do with things related to climate change.”
Ted Howard is a professor of forestry economics and the chairman of UNH’s Department of Natural Resources and the Environment. According to Howard, the damage that climate change causes the environment goes beyond the heat tolerances of plants.
“One thing I’m concerned about long-term is that it will make it easier for insects and disease of forests and agriculture to prosper,” Howard said. “There are examples of insect species that are held in check by winter from the north. As the weather heats, they can start moving north and inflict environmental and economic damage.”
According to Howard, the warming climate could harm certain sectors of the New Hampshire and New England economy.
“Any of the winter-based recreational businesses, such as skiing, which are an important area of employment for the economy in New England, those kinds of areas are diminished,” Howard said.
Winter sports and businesses are an important part of the national and state economy, with winter sports bringing $12.2 billion to the national economy. In New Hampshire, the skiing industry alone pumps tens of millions of dollars into the state economy. A 2012 study of New Hampshire ski resorts showed that low snowfall for just one year results in $54.3 million in lost revenue and 658 fewer jobs. However, Howard noted that increasing temperatures could strengthen New England’s summer industries and businesses.
“It’s not all negative. The other side is that the warmer it is, the more other kinds of businesses prosper. (There are) more people going to the beach,” Howard said. “However, hotter summers mean an increase in air conditioning, which means producing more electricity to keep people cool.”
With temperatures expected to rise in the coming years, New Hampshire may have to make changes to adjust to its new reality.
“I don’t know about in the short run, but in the long term, it will definitely warm up,” Howard said.


Earlier this month the U.S. Global Change Research Program quietly recommended new studies looking into two specific areas of research involving the controversial technology known as geoengineering. The GCRP involves thirteen different federal departments and agencies. The program was created by a presidential initiative in 1989 and became law as part of the Global Change Research Act of 1990. The law called for new research to help “assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change.”
In their efforts to combat the alleged effects of man-made climate change, the scientific community funds research into a variety of fields. Geoengineering is a controversial type of weather modification which has been researched, but, until recently, been considered too unpredictable to attempt on a large scale. Now the GCRP has released a new report detailing the path of research into climate change, including new research on geoengineering.
According to a 2013 congressional report:
The term ‘geoengineering’ describes this array of technologies that aim, through large-scale and deliberate modifications of the Earth’s energy balance, to reduce temperatures and counteract anthropogenic climate change. Most of these technologies are at the conceptual and research stages, and their effectiveness at reducing global temperatures has yet to be proven. Moreover, very few studies have been published that document the cost, environmental effects, socio-political impacts, and legal implications of geoengineering. If geoengineering technologies were to be deployed, they are expected to have the potential to cause significant transboundary effects.
In general, geoengineering technologies are categorized as either a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) method or a solar radiation management (SRM) (or albedo-modification) method. CDR methods address the warming effects of greenhouse gases by removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. CDR methods include ocean fertilization, and carbon capture and sequestration. SRM methods address climate change by increasing the reflectivity of the Earth’s atmosphere or surface.Aerosol injection and space-based reflectors are examples of SRM methods. SRM methods do not remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, but can be deployed faster with relatively immediate global cooling results compared to CDR methods.


Fecha de publicación: Dec. 31, 2018
Moncayo, M. V. R., Núñez, M. A. C., Hernández, O. H. Á., & Pinta, S. V.
This study aims to improve our knowledge concerning the air quality by analysing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions emanating from motor vehicles. The vehicle fleet was characterized by means of surveys, vehicular seating capacity, and collection of information from both public and private entities. After obtaining the information, the CO2 emissions in tons per year were estimated for the vehicular fleet in 2017 according to data from the Vehicle Registration Center of Loja-CMVLM, and the Municipal Transport Traffic and Road Safety Unit-UMTTSV and after applying a universal formula developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which uses three main variables: number of vehicles, vehicular activity and emission factor. The results show that in the city of Loja the vehicular fleet emitted 208,920 tons of CO2 in 2017. Private transportation with 60 % is the one that mainly contributed to the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, followed by public transport under UMTTSV regulation with 33 % and 7 % corresponded to new vehicles, motorcycles and government vehicles. The main factors that determine vehicle CO2 emissions into the atmosphere are: the number of vehicles and the number of hours of vehicular operation in the area of investigation. On the other hand, vehicular increase is due to: the enlargement of the urban perimeter and activity pertaining to the local economy.


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Tendring residents are encouraged to be weather aware this weekend after a severe weather warning has been issued by the Met Office.
The yellow warning for rain covers the East of England from 9pm on Sunday, April 29 until 11.50pm the following day.
While there is currently only a low likelihood of the bad weather hitting, if the stormy conditions do arrive then it could have a medium impact. Forecasters say there could be up to 70mm (2¾ inches) of heavy and persistent rain in the wettest areas, and gusty winds of up to 50mph.
This could, if the full effect of the weather occurs, lead to travel disruption, surface water flooding, wave overtopping and blown debris.
Lynda McWilliams, Tendring District Council Cabinet Member responsible for Emergency Planning, urged people to keep an eye on the forecast over the weekend.
“While we are not anticipating wide-spread issues as a result of this potential bad weather, it could have quite a localised impact on areas which feel the full force of the wind and rain,” she said.
“After a harsh winter we’ve been treated to a balmy April, with some days the warmest on record for the month in almost 70 years.
“As a result you may have been tempted to put out your garden furniture or leave summer items outside – but with gusty winds forecast, you’re advised to put them away again for the time being so they don’t get blown around.
“Let’s hope summer comes back soon.”


The relatively rare site of snow falling in Jerusalem can now be seen, with the snow having arrived this evening. This is much to the delight of children but less of a joy to drivers in Israel’s eternal unified capital. May this be a blessing and may everyone stay warm and safe!
Snow falls in Jerusalem, blanketing the city and canceling school
Article Courtesy: Times of Israel
Snow began falling in Jerusalem on Wednesday evening, fulfilling forecasts and prompting closure of the main highway into the capital and all schools for the following day.
A severe weather system, dubbed “Elpis,” had dropped snow on the north of the county from early Wednesday morning, with the conditions spreading steadily south throughout the day.
The first flakes began to fall in Jerusalem at around 7:30 p.m. and were predicted to continue for much of the night, piling up snow at least 10 centimeters deep.


Heavy rain swamps NorthlandTorrential rains caused flooding Tuesday evening in parts of the Northland, causing police to close a portion of scenic Highway 61 and Duluth police to ban all but emergency travel.
By: Andrew Krueger and John Lundy, Duluth News Tribune
Torrential rains caused flooding Tuesday evening in parts of the Northland, causing police to close a portion of scenic Highway 61 and Duluth police to ban all but emergency travel.
“We want all traffic to be emergency travel,” said Lt. Jeff Kazel just before 10 p.m., citing flash flooding in numerous city intersections.
The Minnesota State Patrol closed Highway 61 between Duluth and Two Harbors and at Silver Creek Tunnel northeast of Two Harbors late on Tuesday. The Lake County sheriff requested no travel in these areas until further notice. Police in Floodwood also advised against travel.
Some of the heaviest rain occurred near Grand Rapids, with close to
8 inches recorded in places, said Rick Hluchen, a National Weather Service meteorologist in Duluth. Another 5 inches was recorded in Two Harbors, he said. The Knife River between Duluth and Two Harbors rose 4 feet between noon and late Tuesday, Hluchen said.
A flash flood warning was posted for much of the region. It was scheduled to expire at midnight Tuesday, but it probably would be extended, Hluchen said.
Western parts of Duluth were hit hard, with flooding at Grand Avenue and Raleigh Street, the entrances to Morgan Park and Commonwealth and Stowe streets, Kazel said. There also was flooding at Hugo Avenue and Myrtle Street in Piedmont Heights, at 8200 E. Superior St. and at Kenwood Avenue and Buffalo Street, he said.
“There are 3 or 4 inches on the road, making it very hazardous, and we’re expecting more rain,” Kazel said.
More than 4 inches of rain fell in Floodwood.
Scenic Highway 61 was closed as early as 8 p.m. in Larsmont as water rushed over the road. Even the roadway on the higher Highway 61 Expressway had water standing on it south and east of Two Harbors. The Knife River ran high and brown.
In Duluth, Superior Street was impassable where it met the expressway as small rapids formed in about a foot of water. The street was covered entirely by up to six inches of water throughout most of Lakeside and at street crossings at higher elevations in Congdon Park.
In some areas along Superior Street, water spouted through manhole covers out of storm water mains.
Preliminary rainfall reports from the National Weather Service on Tuesday evening, with heavy rain still falling, included:
As of 10 p.m. Tuesday, Western Lake Superior Sanitary District rain gauge reports included 3.17 inches at Scanlon, 2.5 inches in Hermantown, 2.37 inches in Rice Lake Township, 2.13 inches in Lakeside and 1.93 inches in Duluth’s Endion neighborhood.
The sensor in the gauge at the Duluth International Airport was broken, so meteorologists were making manual checks as time allowed, Hluchen said. The most up-to-date reading was 2.38 inches, he said.
As of 10:30 p.m., Hluchen said heavy rain at a rate of 2 to 3 inches per hour — and in some places more — could be expected for several more hours. More rain is expected later today, with up to another one-half inch, Hluchen said.
Rainfall rates in excess of an inch an hour were common across the region.
Other reports by News Tribune readers and the National Weather Service:
The Weather Service expressed concern about flash flooding along the higher terrain of the North Shore, possibly affecting Highway 61 overnight.
News Tribune reporter Mike Creger contributed to this report.


The hottest month of the year is July with an average daily maximum of 31 C and an average low of 23 C. Dubrovnik in April. Today's and tonight's Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Croatia weather forecast, weather conditions and Doppler radar from The Weather Channel and Weather.com Split weather averages. Sea temperature in Croatia (Split) in December: 14°C, 57°F Average rainfall in Croatia (Split) in December: 118mm, 4.6in Note: Croatia is quiet, cold and wet during December, which is mid-winter in the country, and tourist accommodation and facilities are hard to find outside of the cities and ski resorts. New Years Eve is of course the event of the month and the best place to celebrate it is on Stradun in Dubrovnik. Dubrovnik-Cilipi (Croatia) weather - Met Office 49 %. Snowfall January, March through December are months without snowfall in Dubrovnik. 10 AM : 90% 0.11 in: 55° . Konavle, Croatia Weather Calendar | Weather Underground Today, . I flew into Dubrovnik on 28th December last year and it was bright and cold. Several stalls line Stradun, the Old Town's main street, selling everything from handicrafts, toys, and Christmas tree decorations to mulled wine and cakes. The best time to visit Dubrovnik: What to Expect Month by ... Konavle, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Croatia Weather Calendar star_ratehome. Beach weather in Dubrovnik, Croatia in December Last updated today at 08:03. Humidity. If you decide to visit southernmost part of Croatia, Dubrovnik weather might amaze you even in low season.Dubrovnik average temperature is still suitable for swimming in October when you can have a nice combination of beach time and . Low: 7.0° / High: 12.0° However, the most significant savings lie in Dubrovnik accommodation prices (usually the biggest expense of a Croatia vacation). Rainfall Days 15 days. Average Weather in December at Dubrovnik Airport Croatia. From 19/12/2021 to 25/12/2021 23% Bad 0% 40% 46% 28% 54% 68%. Average Weather in December at Dubrovnik Airport Croatia. Historical Data for December 2010 in Dubrovnik-Neretva, Croatia average. 11. The weather is also rather mild in winter, with average highs roughly around 12°C/54°F and average lows around 7°C/45°F — hardly bikini weather, but also not heavy coat and boots weather! Sun. The weather is also warm in September. Temp. From 05/12/2021 to 11/12/2021 22% Bad 2% 38% 42% 26% 52% 68%. Averages are for Dubrovnik / Cilipi, which is 10 miles from Dubrovnik. Partly cloudy. The weather in Croatia in December remains mild and cold in places, with an average temperature of 5°C across the whole country. 8. Average daily temperatures. Check Out Gruž Market. The best time to visit Dubrovnik is September and October, when temperatures aren't stifling hot yet most of the cruise ships have abandoned the port. In addition to temperature, we include data on the number of rainy and sunny days so you can have all the information about your destination before your trip Dubrovnik weather averages (imperial / metric) Daytime temperature. Low Temperature 8 °C 46 °F. If you think that the best time to visit Dubrovnik is the summer, think again. The weather in december in Dubrovnik is wet (with 4.8in of rainfall over 10 days). Dubrovnik Live Web Camera - Port of Gruž - Just Dubrovnik. Dubrovnik's pleasant Mediterranean climate and plentiful sunshine have given the region a rich biodiversity. Dubrovnik, Croatia - Travel and vacation weather averages, current conditions and forecasts. The best time to visit Dubrovnik is between June and August. (Weather station: Dubrovnik / Cilipi, Croatia). From 05/12/2021 to 11/12/2021 22% Bad 2% 38% 42% 26% 52% 68%. Weather forecast Dubrovnik in december. Dubrovnik weather in December 2021. Dubrovnik (Croatian pronunciation: [dǔbroːʋniːk] ()), historically known as Ragusa (see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia.It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County.Situated in an exclave, it is connected to the rest of the country by the Pelješac Bridge. Dubrovnik boasts plenty of things to do, so regardless of the temperature or time of year there will be plenty to keep you occupied! Here, find the the weather forecast for the month of december for most popular cities in Croatia. Rainfall November is the month with the most rainfall. A fun way to spend some time roaming around Dubrovnik is to head over to Gruz Market. Past Weather in Dubrovnik, Croatia — December 2020. Day by day forecast. 8.4°C . Tuesday 7th December Tue . Weather Today Dubrovnik Airport Dubrovačko-Neretvanska Županija , Croatia , 42.56°N 18.27°E, 160m asl but wondered if that would . These datas are probabilities for december from weather reports for many years. The wettest month is November with an average of 198mm of rain. The weather improves a lot, it gets warmer too, but you can still expect some rainy days. Although the daily average temperatures in Dubrovnik during winter months (December, January, February, and March) go around 10°C (50°F), Dubrovnik is blessed with plenty of sunlight in winter. Weather in Croatia in autumn is rather warm, you can swim in the . Beaten by the weather. December, the first month of the winter, in Dubrovnik, is still a cool month, with average temperature varying between 10.8°C (51.4°F) and 7.2°C (45°F). 13 days with some rainfall. Last updated today at 08:03. The national weather service for Dubrovnik, Croatia is reporting . From 19/12/2021 to 25/12/2021 23% Bad 0% 40% 46% 28% 54% 68%. Daytime maximum temperatures average around a comfortable 24°C (75°F), whilst at night 13°C (56°F) is normal. Rain falls for 13.4 days and accumulates 165mm (6.5") of precipitation. Dubrovnik - Weather warnings issued 14-day forecast. Rainfall November is the month with the most rainfall. Day Temperature 10.7 °C 51 °F. Weather ; Things To Do; Travel Advice; What's The Weather Like in Search. In Dubrovnik, Croatia, the average relative humidity in November is 72%. If you are lucky enough to visit Croatia near Christmas, don't miss the Advent celebrations in Dubrovnik! Day by day forecast. From 12/12/2021 to 18/12/2021 21% Bad 0% 36% 44% 26% 52% 68%. The average air temperature in May in Dubrovnik is 14.5°C (59°F). 62 . 13. The average sea surface temperature in December 2020 for Dubrovnik was 64.3°F. The climate is rather cold in that locality this month, but it is bearable by dressing cosy. The climate of Dubrovnik is Mediterranean, with mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers. 3. Weather and climate in Dubrovnik in December This data display average monthly climate indicators in Dubrovnik in December based on our historical weather readings over a period of ten years. December is a very cold and rainy time for sunbathing in Dubrovnik, and not recommended.December is too cold for swimming in Dubrovnik for any length of time, unless you have a wetsuit. Looking at the weather in Dubrovnik, Croatia over the week, the maximum temperature will be 15℃ (or 59℉) on Thursday 2 nd December at around 6 pm. The average temperature of the coldest month (February) is of 9.5 °C (49 °F), that of the warmest month (August) is of 25.7 °C (78 °F). is there anything to do there during this time, or most part of the attractions, pubs. In November, the market is open from 7am-12pm from Monday to Saturday. Best time to visit Croatia coastal cities would be from end of May to the end of September; July and August being the hottest with temperatures up to 35 °C.. The big Christmas dinner is eaten on Christmas eve and usually consists of fish followed by a trip to the church for midnight mass. The Dubrovnik Advent and Christmas Markets are part of the Winter Festival, one of the most fun events in Croatia in December, but are worth talking about separately. Passing clouds. Rain. Croatia can dip to lows of -5°C on colder days around the mountains. Tide tables and solunar charts for Dubrovnik: high tides and low tides, surf reports, sun and moon rising and setting times, lunar phase, fish activity and weather conditions in Dubrovnik. Dubrovnik-Cilipi 7 day weather forecast including weather warnings, temperature, rain, wind, visibility, humidity and UV The climate in Dubrovnik during December can be summarized as cool and wet. Even though the rainfall increases to an average of 151mm and with about half of December's days getting some wet weather, the showers can often . chance. The maximum and minimum values were 61.8°F and 66.2°F respectively. Daily high temperatures decrease by 4°F, from 57°F to 53°F, rarely falling below 45°F or exceeding 63°F.. Daily low temperatures decrease by 4°F, from 46°F to 42°F, rarely falling below 34°F or exceeding 53°F.. For reference, on July 31, the hottest day of the year, temperatures at Dubrovnik Airport typically range from 71°F .
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The measures come as India’s top court is deliberating whether New Delhi should go into a lockdown as a blanket of thick, grey smog continued to surround the city, particularly in the mornings.
The panel issued the guidelines on Tuesday night in an attempt to stem the pollution and to show residents that the government was taking action to control an environmental crisis that has been plaguing the capital for years.
Besides the closure of schools, the Commission for Air Quality Management ordered a stop to construction activities until 21 November and banned trucks carrying non-essential goods. The panel also directed the states to “encourage” work from home for half of the employees in all private offices.
Despite some improvement in New Delhi air over the past two days, readings of dangerous particles on Wednesday were still as high as seven times the safe level, climbing above 300 micrograms per cubic metre in some parts of the city. The World Health Organisation designates the safe level for the tiny, poisonous particles at 25 micrograms.
Forecasters warned that the air quality would worsen before the arrival of cold winds next week which, it is hoped, will blow away the smog.
Earlier this month, air-quality levels in New Delhi fell to the “severe” category in the capital and residents faced bouts of severe, multiday pollution. It prompted a stern warning last week from India’s Supreme Court, which ordered state and federal governments to take “imminent and emergency” measures to tackle what it called a crisis.
The issue of air pollution deepens particularly in the winter when the burning of crop residues in neighbouring states coincides with cooler temperatures that trap deadly smoke. That smoke travels to New Delhi, leading to a surge in pollution in a city of more than 20 million people.
Emissions from industries with no pollution control technology, pollutants from firecrackers linked to festivals, and construction dust also sharply increase in winter months.
Several studies have estimated that more than a million Indians die every year because of air-pollution-related diseases.
The capital has often experimented with limiting the number of cars on the road to lower vehicular emissions, using large anti-smog guns and halting construction activity, but these steps have had little effect to date.
Experts say such emergency measures are not helpful in the long run. Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director at the Centre for Science and Environment, a research and advocacy organisation in New Delhi, said: “These are done only to ensure that you don’t worsen the situation, that you shave off the peak. But it is not a silver bullet that is going to just clean the air immediately.”
The air pollution crisis in Delhi immediately follows the final agreement from COP26, in which the wording around a pledge to reduce the burning of coal and other fossil fuels was watered down, much to the dismay of many countries. India, as well as China, had pushed for the softer stance on coal – hardly surprising, given both countries’ continued heavy investment in coal-fired power stations.
Speaking in Glasgow on the first full day of the UN COP26 climate summit, India’a Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, had announced that India will aim to increase its share of renewables in its energy mix to 50 per cent by 2030 and reach net-zero CO2 emissions by 2070. While this represents a laudable firm commitment to reducing the country’s emissions, the dates specified are two decades later than similar pledges made by most other countries.
COP26 wrapped up its closing talks over the weekend, but responses to the landmark climate conference have been mixed. While progress has been made on issues such as fossil fuel reliance and electric vehicles, there is a broad sentiment that the world will miss its previous target of limiting global warming to 1.5°C.


Dubai: The mercury is expected to rise by three to five degree Celsius over the next three days, giving people who are fasting an extra hard time.
The UAE’s weather from Wednesday until Friday will not be as dusty as the last few days but the temperature is expected to soar to around 48 degree Celsius in internal areas until Friday, a forecaster from the National Centre of Meteorology and Seismology said.
“There will be a slight increase in temperature from today until Friday. If the maximum temperature today is 43 degree Celsius, we’re expecting it to reach around 48 degree Celsius. The internal areas will be hotter than coastal areas,” the forecaster told Gulf News.
The highest recorded temperature on Tuesday was 47.2 degree Celsius at Rezeen in Abu Dhabi.
On Wednesday, coastal areas like Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah were expected to have temperatures of 39 degree Celsius to 44 degree Celsius while internal areas like the Western Region will have 42 degree Celsius to 47 degree Celsius, while mountainous and nearby areas will have 30 degree Celsius to 35 degree Celsius.
The is no big change in the weather pattern as dusty conditions will still prevail although it will not be as hazy as on Sunday or Monday.
“The north-easterly to south-easterly flow will affect the country and most importantly, fresh wind might cause deterioration of visibility in the northern internal areas, in Dubai and Sharjah.”
Visibility could go down to 4,000m to 3,000m due to dust suspended in the air. On Sunday and Monday, visibility deteriorated to about 1,800m in the western region.
“At the beginning of the week, the dust-laden wind coming from Saudi Arabia affected the country. At the same time on Sunday, fresh wind from the western region, where a sandstorm was taking place, contributed to the hazy conditions in the country.”
Motorists are advised to drive with caution, as there are chances of mist or fog, especially in the western parts of the country.
The Arabian Gulf and Oman Sea will be light to moderate.


Saturday, January 9, 2010
Predict The Weather By Using Nature!
Well, we're getting into the interesting part of winter, and Oklahoma has already experienced a record-setting snowfall and blizzard. Nice. Nature has a way of letting us know what kind of weather is making its way toward us if we just understand the signs. Our farmer forefathers knew all of this, of course, but we have lost this passed-down knowledge over the years as our weather forecasting became easier and more sophisticated.
The nature method of weather forecasting was surprisingly accurate, and still is today. This article will tell you how the farmers used nature to predict how the weather….
The first twelve days after Christmas will indicate what each month in the next year will be like. A mild day the day after Christmas means that January will be mild. A stormy day on the fourth day after Christmas means that April will be stormy, etc.
If it hasn’t rained in a long time, and the rain starts before 7:00 A.M., it will be over by 11:00 A.M.
If it rains on Easter Sunday, it will rain on the next seven Sundays.
If it starts raining on the first day of the full moon, it will keep raining until the moon quarters.
There will be nice weather if you hear a screech owl.
There will be nice weather if smoke rises.
When crickets sing the temperature will get warmer.
If the first snow stays on the ground for three days, another snow will come along to add to it.
A late frost indicates a rough winter is ahead.
It will rain if:
Cows lie down in the pasture.
Earthworms come to the top of the ground.
The ants cover up the hole on their mound.
There is a ring around the moon. The stars in the ring indicate how many days away the rain is.
Birds are flying low.
The sun sets with clouds.
The number of days old the moon is at the first snowfall will tell you how many times it will snow this season.
Lots of rain and two frosts close to each other indicate that cold weather is approaching fast.
With this knowledge, you can now predict the weather as well as your farmer ancestors. Let’s all hope for a nice, peaceful January and February for everyone this year.


Climate change is about to cause some major changes in the world as we know it: heat waves, see level rise, food shortage, large refugee flows, etc. A change in temperature of only one degree Celsius already causes enormous changes in the world as we know it. However, these enormous consequences of small changes make climate change difficult to comprehend. So below we explain climate change with 5 charts.
The world is warming up
The world is only one degree Celsius warmer than before industrialization. No, that’s stated wrongly. One degree warmer is a lot. The world is already one degree warmer, and that is concerning.
In 2018, the global average temperature was almost one degrees Celsius above the level of 1850 to 1900s.
In fact: the warmest twenty years were in the past twenty-two years, and the years between 2015 and 2018 were most warm, the World Meteorological Organization claims.
It this trend of heating up continues, we will experience a three to five degree Celsius warmer climate by the year 2100.
Although one degree Celsius doesn’t sound impressive, the consequences are enormous. Even more so, the heating up with one degree Celsius is a symptom of a more serious process of global warming that will not be stopped easily, nor rewind.
Also read: What is visual and immersive analytics?
More records than ever
Climate change is not like the Olympic Games; new records are not something to rejoice over. More over, climate records should be very disturbing. Unfortunately, records in temperature and climate happen more often each year.
Only in the summer of 2019, almost 400 records in temperature were noted in the northern hemisphere. Records were broken in 29 countries, of with Germany, France and The Netherlands registered most all-time high temperatures. These records were heatwaves, sending temperatures in June and July to all-time records.
The chart below shows the hottest temperature on a certain day in 2019. Note the striking amount of dots. Yellow dots show where a heat record was broken; red dots show this was the hottest day in that month; and dark red dots show de hottest day since records began.
These are just numbers. The consequences are seen in daily life: enormous discomfort and numerous deaths. Northern European countries are not build for these high temperatures.
Climate change explained: we should change, but we don’t
As a planet, we are not on track to meet climate change targets we set ourselves. We make promises and sign agreements, but we fail to meet the goals. For example in the Paris Climate Agreement.
The Paris Climate Agreement is a legally binding treaty. Countries agreed to keep temperatures below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, but preferably keeping it below 1,5 degrees Celsius. However, scientist now believe temperature rises should in fact be below 1,5 degrees Celsius.
We are losing control.
The biggest polluters are the United States and China
Some big polluters cause most of the CO2 emissions and are the biggest contributors to climate change. The biggest contributions should be expected from these biggest contributors.
According to PBL, the United States of America and China account for more than 40% of the global total of greenhouse gases.
Unfortunately, these big polluters also seem to be the least interested in change. Former president Trump of the United States of America had a pro-fossil fuels agenda and withdrawed from the Paris Climate Agreement, claiming it would disadvantage US businesses, totally ignoring the fact that the industrialization and economic endeavors were the cause of the rising CO2 emissions. In this way, the United States of America, as the biggest contributor, ignored the seriousness of climate change.
Especially urban areas are threatened
The consequences of climate change are rising temperatures, heat waves, rising sea level and floods. Urban areas are most at risk to experience the seriousness of climate change, and especially urban areas in second and third world countries, with cities like Kinshasa, Lagos and Guayaquil. In fact, 84 of the 100 fastest growing cities will experience serious consequences from climate change, like extreme weather conditions, extreme temperatures and rising water level.
A weird fact is that Miami in the United States of America is one of the first big cities to disappear due to a rising sea level, while the United States of America is also the biggest contributor to and biggest denier of climate change.
Less beef, more beans
Changes in our lifestyle can contribute to a lower level of climate change. Some small changes have a big impact. For example, by skipping animal products like meat and diary product and replacing them by a more plant based diet of locally grows seasonal products. Or by driving and flying less, but to prefer to walk, bike or use public transport.
What are you going to change to contribute to a lower rate of climate change?