Dubai is a city in the United Arab Emirates known for its towering skyscrapers, luxurious hotels, and sprawling shopping malls. With its year-round sunshine and modern amenities, it is a popular destination for tourists and expatriates alike. However, one of the most common questions about Dubai is about the weather – after all, the city is located in the desert and can get extremely hot. In this article, we will look at the details of Dubai’s climate, including average temperatures, humidity, and the rainy season. We will also look at how residents and visitors to the city can cope with the heat and enjoy outdoor activities.
Dubai is located in the heart of the Arabian Desert and has a subtropical desert climate, which means there are hot, dry summers and warm, humid winters. The average temperature in Dubai is 40 °C in summer and 25 °C in winter. The humidity is between 40% and 90%. The rainy season in Dubai usually lasts from November to March and is characterized by cloudy skies and occasional showers. Despite the heat, Dubai residents and visitors have a number of options to keep cool, including the widespread use of air conditioning in homes, shopping malls, and other public spaces.
Dubai humidity and heat: strategies for staying cool in the subtropical desert climate
Dubai’s subtropical desert climate means that the city has high humidity, especially in the summer months. Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air, and high humidity can make the weather feel hotter than the actual temperature. In Dubai, humidity can range from 40% to 90%, with the highest levels usually occurring in the summer. The city can also experience extreme heat waves, with temperatures reaching over 48 °C. These extreme temperatures and high humidity can be dangerous for people who are not used to the weather. Therefore, it is important to take precautions to stay cool and hydrated.
Cooling strategies in Dubai: a look at air conditioning, misting systems and more in the city
To combat the heat and humidity in Dubai, the city has a number of cooling systems. Air conditioning is perhaps the most common and widely used method of providing cooling in Dubai, as many buildings, including homes, shopping malls, and restaurants, are equipped with air conditioning units. In addition to air conditioners, there are other cooling systems in the city, such as misting systems and water fountains. Misting systems cool the air with a fine jet of water, while water fountains provide a refreshing cool down from the heat. These cooling systems, combined with the widespread use of lightweight, breathable clothing and the availability of chilled water and other beverages, help keep residents and visitors comfortable in Dubai’s hot and humid climate.
Outdoor fun in Dubai: attractions and activities in the city
Despite the heat and high humidity, there are still plenty of opportunities to enjoy the outdoors in Dubai. Many of the city’s popular attractions, such as theme parks and beaches, have artificial cooling systems or are covered, making them pleasant to visit even in hot weather. In addition to these indoor attractions, Dubai also has a number of popular outdoor activities such as golf, desert safaris and water sports. Golf courses in Dubai are often equipped with misting systems and other cooling measures, while desert safaris usually take place in the early morning or evening to avoid the hottest temperatures. Water sports such as snorkeling, scuba diving and jet skiing are also popular ways to keep cool and have fun in Dubai’s warm climate.
Dubai’s rainy season: occasional showers and cloudy skies in the city
The rainy season in Dubai usually lasts from November to March, with most rain falling in January and February. During this time, skies are cloudy and showers occur occasionally, with an average of about 5 cm of rain falling per month. Despite the rainy season, it is important to note that rain is not common in Dubai – the city usually has sunny and dry weather for most of the year. Although the rainy season can bring some relief from the heat and humidity, it is important to be prepared for potential disruptions to outdoor activities and travel plans. It is advisable to check the weather forecast and pack accordingly when visiting Dubai during the rainy season.
A brief portrait of the city climate, the rainy season and strategies for keeping a cool head
In summary, the weather in Dubai can be extreme, with hot, dry summers and warm, humid winters. There is a short rainy season in the city from November to March, but rain is not common. Because of the high humidity and the risk of extreme heat waves, it is important to take precautions to stay cool and hydrated. Fortunately, Dubai has a number of cooling systems, including air conditioners and misting systems, to help residents and visitors stay comfortable. Despite the heat, there are still plenty of options for outdoor activities in Dubai, including indoor attractions, golf, desert safaris and water sports. Knowing the weather in Dubai and taking appropriate precautions will help you make the most of your stay in this vibrant and exciting city.


What's the difference between winter weather watches, warnings and advisories?
The National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service uses the weather terms to let us know what kind of weather conditions are heading our way.
A " winter storm watch " is like a storm-preparation alert, meaning a possibility of a blizzard, heavy snow, freezing rain or sleet. A "watch" typically is announced 12 to 48 hours before the start of a winter storm.
If a "watch" is upgraded to a " winter storm warning ", that means the wintry weather is close or occurring. "Warnings" are issued for heavy accumulations of snow, freezing rain or sleet.
A " winter weather advisory " is issued for accumulations of snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle and sleet that will cause significant problems. Extreme caution should be used in these instances.
What's the difference between snow, sleet, freezing rain and more?
Here are the precipitation definitions, according to USA Today's Weather Book:
SNOW : falling ice composed of crystals in complex hexagonal forms; it forms mainly when water vapor turns directly to ice without going through the liquid stage, a process called sublimation.
SNOW FLURRIES : light showers of snow that do not cover large areas and do not fall steadily for long periods of time.
SLEET : drops of rain or drizzle that freeze into ice as they fall; they usually are smaller than 3/10 inch in diameter.
FREEZING RAIN OR DRIZZLE : falling rain or drizzle that cools below 32 degrees but does not turn to ice in the air; when the drops hit anything, they instantly turn into ice.


Chairman of the Board, Koli Forum Association, Finland
Prof. Petteri Taalas acts as Director General of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The Director General’s office is responsible for international affairs at Institute level, for relations with stakeholders and for the Institute’s internal and external communications.
Prof. Petteri Taalas (PhD in meteorology in 1993, Helsinki University) acted as Director at the World Meteorological Organization (UN, Geneva) in 2005-2007, before returning to his current position as Director General of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Mr Taalas is specialized in Arctic and Antarctic research, global change, ozone, UV radiation, atmospheric chemistry-climate interactions, and satellite programs for monitoring atmospheric chemistry and meteorology. He is leader of several international and national research and development programs in the above listed fields. Prof. Taalas is the National Chairman of Finland of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Chairman of the Council of the European Meteorological Satellite Organization EUMETSAT and Chairman of the Council of the University of Eastern Finland.


Saturday, February 6, 2010
2010 BLIZZARD (A.K.A. SNOWMAGGEDON IN DC)
These pictures were taken about 11:00 AM of Saturday, Feb. 6 -- about 24 hours after the first snow flakes fell in Alexandria, Virginia (if forecasts run true, we're in for another 12-16 hours of this).
Traffic is nearly at a standstill but news broadcasts are showing people coming out to the streets despite appeals for everyone to stay home (heard there are snowball fights set in DuPont Circle in DC and College Park, Maryland).
About 13 inches of snow was recorded at the Reagan Airport (as of this posting), although measurements in other parts of Virginia, Maryland and Washington DC show as much as 30 inches, with more coming. The Blizzard of 2010 could beat the 1922 snowfall record (28 inches).
Total snowfall this season is already nearing the 40-inch mark . Reports suggest this could be the "snowiest" winter ever for Washington DC.


The Chicago National Weather Service has issued a flash flood watch for metropolitan Chicago from late Friday night through Saturday night, and advises that "major to record flooding [is] expected this weekend." Computer models suggest that 1 to 3 inches of rain will fall across the area by Sunday morning -- 1-inch totals most likely toward Rockford and 3-inch totals across southern sections and northwest Indiana.It's just great...factor in the thunderstorm possibilities and we're looking at a very wet Shabbas this weekend.
A period of freezing rain, sleet and hazardously icy conditions is likely early Friday before temperatures climb above freezing. Warming that continues into Saturday carries temperatures into the 50s.
Friday, December 26, 2008
It's the end of the world as we know it...
It's Friday and that means a flash flood warning for the Chicago vicinity. In addition to the 40 degree temperatures that will inevitably melt the snow throughout the day, you have to deal with the coming rainfall.


Jamestown receives 0.81 inches of rain over weekend
The National Weather Service is reporting 0.81 inches of rain from Saturday evening through Monday morning in Jamestown.
The heaviest rain occurred at 9 p.m. Sunday when 0.33 inches of rain was reported in one hour.
Rain amounts were greater south of Jamestown, according to Daryl Ritchison, interim director of the North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network.
Ritchison said radar indicated about 2 inches of rain in the Streeter area. Reports from Edgeley indicated 2.05 inches of rain with 3 inches of rain reported in the Oakes area.
As of Monday morning, Jamestown had received 3.86 inches of precipitation in June, making the month about 1.33 inches wetter than normal.
Jamestown is 0.45 inches behind normal in year-to-date precipitation with 7.63 inches of moisture compared to a normal of 8.08 inches.


Chester county pa dating
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I have recorded all daily observations since December 1, 1997. Gordon(1894-1930); Howard Pyle(1930-1946) and the National Weather Service 1946-1997.Special thanks go to the following National Weather Service Cooperative observers for their efforts in keeping such detailed daily records since 1894. This page is updated frequently so check back often!
However, during the last 10 years here in Chester County we have experienced 2 snowfalls that have exceeded the 20" mark - February 9-10, 2010 with 26.8" February 16-17, 2003 at 21.5". Snowstorms of 6" or more should be expected at least twice each winter.This area averages significantly (12" to 16") more snow then areas on the Atlantic Coastal Plain such as Philadelphia; New York City; Long Island, New Jersey and Delaware.One of the great examples of the climate difference between here and the coastal plain at Philadelphia was the February 23, 1987 storm that resulted in 23.5" of snow here in Chester County - yet only accumulated to 6.8" at the Philadelphia International Airport.Cloudiness persists to a much greater degree in the winter due to the increased frequency of cold fronts and coastal low pressure systems ("Noreasters").Prevailing winds are from the west- northwest averaging 10 to 12 mph.The all time record high was 107 set back on August 7, 1918.
100 degree readings are quite rare as indicated by the fact that such a reading was not observed at all from 1989 to 1999.
Exton Pennsylvania just 10 miles south of the station lies at 320 ft above sea level.
Typical of the Piedmont Plateau, the climate is classified as Modified Humid Continental due its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean (85 miles east).
The East Nantmeal weather station lies at 680 feet above mean sea level midway between the towns of Glenmoore and Ludwigs Corner, Pennsylvania.
Welsh Mountain is the highest point in Chester County and rises to 1080 ft above sea level within 8 miles of the East Nantmeal Station.
It is important to note that a 100 degree day has never been recorded above 650 ft in Chester County.


The USAID Low Emissions Asian Development program provided training for 55 professionals from seven Asian countries from June 2 to 4 in Manila, Philippines, on methods to more accurately estimate current and future greenhouse gas emissions from key sectors.
The success of national and international efforts to address climate change depend on an accurate estimation of greenhouse gas emissions, and a critical part is the use of emission factors to calculate emissions from different activities such as fuel used by vehicles or coal burned for electricity. Because many countries in Asia use default global emission factors, the training focused on methodologies to develop and apply more accurate country-specific emission factors for stationary and mobile combustion sources.
The attendees − from government agencies, research institutes, and universities in Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam − also shared experiences from their respective countries and starting planning for next steps, such as development of improved emission factors for coal combustion in thermal power plants.
The workshop was followed by a more in-depth training from June 5 to 6 on improving several key emission factors used in the Philippines. Approximately 27 Philippine participants joined the two-day national workshop organized in cooperation with the Philippines Climate Change Commission and Department of Energy.
Source: USAID/RDMA Regional Environment Office Weekly Update


Jen Carfagno is co-host of AMHQ weekdays from 5-9 a.m. ET on The Weather Channel.
Jen earned her bachelor's degree in meteorology from Pennsylvania State University in 1998 - a year after an internship with The Weather Channel. Later that year, she joined The Weather Channel as a full-time forecaster. Jen first participated in the on-camera meteorologist apprentice program at The Weather Channel, earning time in front of the camera every weekend. In addition to her on-air assignments, Jen gained valuable weather knowledge and experience from several key positions in the meteorology departments.
For more than 30 years, The Weather Channel television network has inspired viewers to explore, investigate and appreciate the experience of weather in all its forms. One of the most widely distributed cable networks, The Weather Channel is the leader in severe weather coverage, providing the most comprehensive coverage of any media outlet, and with trusted meteorologists who analyze, forecast and report the weather - its expertise is unrivaled.


Dry summers and mild winters. This is what Mykonos’ climate feels like. A typical Mediterranean climate where sun shines 300 days a year! From July to August, in the heart of the Greek summer, temperatures fluctuate between 30ºC during the daylight and 22ºC when the night falls. Due to the seasonal ‘meltemi’ wind, summer days tend to be cool and pleasant. As a proud member of the Cyclades island complex, Mykonos rarely enjoys rainfalls in the summer; however, showers tend to be a typical phenomenon from October up until March. Within the winter season, the climate is mild and wet while the average temperature reaches 15 °C. January and February are characterised as the coolest months of the year since temperatures can drop to 3 °C.


Quezon City – Representatives from more than 30 non-government organizations and grassroots groups pledge support for clean air and to boost their on-going initiatives in support of a healthy and toxic-free environment.
“It is the right of everyone to breathe clean air. However, the quality of our air is continuously degrading due to pollution and the proliferation of dirty facilities. The public must be made aware of the quality of our air especially the toxins that they might be inhaling,” said Aileen Lucero, National Coordinator of EcoWaste Coalition.
The skillshare spearheaded by EcoWaste Coalition and Philippine Pollution Monitor aims to introduce the participants to the concepts of participatory environmental monitoring and encourage the establishment of air pollution monitoring systems in different communities in the country.
During the event, members of the coalition also wore headdresses with question marks to demonstrate the public’s right to know the kinds of pollutants that might be present in the air that they inhale.
“This skillshare is very timely. The impacts of air pollution are being felt all over the world and it is about time we address this global killer,” said Lucero.
In a recent report issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), it was found that more than 7 million people died, or one out of eight of total global deaths, as a result of air pollution exposure. This prompted WHO to declare air pollution as the “world’s largest single environmental health risk”!
“Poor communities often times suffer most the brunt of air pollution since they are more exposed to polluting facilities and they have limited access to information or proper health care. That is why communities should take part in monitoring pollution within their area to ensure that their health and welfare are being protected,” said Shweta Narayan of India Community Environmental Monitoring.
“It is the right of the residents to know what is in the air that they are breathing. Unfortunately the government does not give them this information. Monitoring pollution will help communities gather the necessary data that can be used to upgrade their activities towards clean air or even compel public institutions to do their job in safeguarding the interest of the people,” said Narayan.
The participants of the skillshare came from different communities and groups working on public health, environment and climate justice issues.


Virtual Event - Illinois Severe Weather PreparednessWednesday, 03 March, 2021
The first week of March is “Severe Weather Preparedness Week” in Illinois. Our state experiences the whole gamut of significant weather from wind storms to tornadoes to devastating snow and ice storms. College of DuPage Meteorology Professor Paul Sirvatka summarizes the nature and climatology of these threats and discusses how you can be prepared and stay safe “when the wind comes sweeping down the plains!”
Sirvatka is nationally known as having developed the most comprehensive community college meteorology program in the country. It includes the NeXt Generation Weather Lab, as well as popular - and exciting! - storm chasing trips for students and the public.


Snow set to cause congestion on the roads
and congestion could be a familiar sight this month for motorists as the Met Office has issued severe weather warnings.
Snowfalls across Scotland and the north of England have prompted experts to urge drivers to be extra vigilant whilst out on the road. The Met Office has already put weather warnings over the entirety of Northern Ireland as well as the English Pennines.
Black ice will be a hazard across the UK with the Highways Agency calling for continued care over the season.
A spokesman for the organisation said: "We advise drivers to plan their journey carefully by checking weather forecasts and traffic updates before they travel by road. Drivers should also allow for extra time for their journeys in extreme conditions and consider whether their journey is essential."
In Scotland the government already has 120 gritters across the country in order to combat the freezing temperatures and treacherous roads.
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Date: 06/12/2011 16:14:36
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Mississippi Valley Tornado Outbreak
The February 1971 Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that struck portions of the Lower Mississippi River Valley and the Southeastern United States on February 21-22, 1971.
The two-day outbreak which produced 19 tornadoes, killed 123 people across 3 states. The majority of the fatalities were caused by three violent tornadoes across western Mississippi and northeastern Louisiana. The outbreak is the second deadliest outbreak since the Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965 before the Super Outbreak of 1974.
On this day in 1971, the Mississippi River Delta is pounded by powerful tornadoes that kill more than 100 people. The storm that caused the twisters moved up from the bayous of Louisiana through Mississippi to Tennessee. Hundreds of people were injured across the three states.
One of the worst tornadoes that struck on February 21 was an F4 category twister--with winds of between 207 and 260 mph--that hit Madison Parish, Louisiana, at about 2:50 p.m. Forty-six people lost their lives as the tornado moved several miles northeast to the town of Waverly. The dead included 10 family members who lived near the community of Delhi. Witnesses reported that the twirling winds dumped many of the bodies into the bayou.
The Mississippi Delta was dealt a blow by three major tornadoes. In Louisiana and Mississippi 119 lives were lost and over 1000 were injured.
It was a busy day in weather history on this date in 1971. An unusually powerful storm system caused an tornado outbreak and blizzard to occur simultaneously in the U.S.. An outbreak of tornadoes hit northeastern Louisiana and northern and central Mississippi. The first major tornado touched down that day at about 2:50 pm in Louisiana and crossed into Mississippi. 46 people were killed by this twister, which struck the towns of Dehli and Inverness. Overall, 24 twisters were reported with one F5 tornado reported in East Carroll Parish. The tornadoes claimed up to 121 lives, including 110 in Mississippi. There were as many as 1,600 injuries, 900 homes destroyed or badly damaged and total damage was $32 million dollars. Three tornadoes rated as F4’s accounted for most of the deaths and destruction.


From the New York Times/AP:
A federal appeals court on Tuesday upheld the first-ever regulations aimed at reducing the gases blamed for global warming.
The rules, which were challenged by industry groups and various states, will reduce emissions of six heat-trapping gases from large industrial facilities such as factories and power plants, as well as from automobile tailpipes.
A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington said that the Environmental Protection Agency was “unambiguously correct” in using existing federal law to address global warming.
The ruling is perhaps the most significant to come on the issue since 2007, when the Supreme Court found that greenhouse gases could be controlled as air pollutants under the Clean Air Act.
Read the complete story here.


In 1999, the state of Odisha, India, was hit by the most powerful tropical cyclone ever recorded in the North Indian Ocean, causing nearly 10,000 fatalities and US$5 billion in damages. For the next decade, the government of Odisha and partners worked to identify and mitigate cyclone risk. When the similarly intense Cyclone Phailin struck Odisha in October 2013, the region counted 99.6% fewer deaths.
We cannot prevent a monsoon or cyclone from striking – and as population growth, urbanization, and climate change are on the rise, the frequency and impact of natural disasters will increase. But with innovation, collaboration and a better understanding of risk, we can build communities that are more resilient to natural hazards.


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FutureStarrTropical storm georgia
Georgia’s record-breaking rainfall is turning roads into rivers, stranding drivers, flooding homes and thousands of people are having to move from the state to escape the floods.
The list of Georgia hurricanes includes tropical or subtropical cyclones that have affected the U.S. state of Georgia. Fewer hurricanes have hit Georgia directly (due to its location and shorter coastline) than other states in the Southeast, with an estimated return period of 10–11 years. The last system to make landfall in the state at hurricane intensity was Hurricane David in 1979. Further, only four major hurricanes have struck Georgia, the most recent of which being Michael in 2018. However, numerous tropical cyclones have passed near or through the state.
October 12–14, 1990 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Marco and moisture from the remains of Hurricane Klaus combine, producing heavy rainfall in Georgia, peaking at 19.89 inches (505 mm) near Louisville. Some roads in eastern Georgia were flooded up to 6 feet (1.8 m) deep. The flooding resulted in some power outages. In Augusta, heavy precipitation forced 300 people to evacuate, while police officers rescued people in flooded cars. About 450 were left homeless. A tornado was spawned in Brantley County, which destroyed 25 unoccupied homes. Tropical Storm Hanna (2002) - Hanna dropped heavy rainfall across much of Georgia, peaking at 15.56 inches (395 mm) at Donalsonville, 12.47 inches (317 mm) at Carrollton, and 11.23 in (285 mm) at Embry. The heavy rainfall helped to relieve a persistent drought. However, climatologists determined that the rainfall did not fully alleviate the dry conditions. (Source: en.wikipedia.org)
Rainfall totals are predicted to be around 2 to 5 inches in Middle and North Georgia and about 8 inches near Southwest Georgia, closer to where the storm made landfall.The storm made landfall in St. Vincent Island, Florida, on Wednesday night. Mindy was expected to cause as much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) of rainfall across the Florida Panhandle and portions of southern Georgia and South Carolina through Thursday morning, the National Hurricane Center said. Scattered flash, urban, and small-stream floods are possThe storm made landfall in St. Vincent Island, Florida, on Wednesday night. Mindy was expected to cause as much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) of rainfall across the Florida Panhandle and portions of southern Georgia and South Carolina through Thursday morning, the National Hurricane Center said. Scattered flash, urban, and small-stream floods are possible.
The tropical storm warning is in effect from Mexico Beach, Florida, to the Steinhatchee River have been cancelled. That area is about 300 miles (500 kilometers) east of southern Louisiana, where Hurricane Ida made landfall late last month. The region is still recovering from the deadly and destructive Category 4 storm. Fred, which made landfall in the Florida Panhandle, is weakening but still could bring up to 10 inches of rain to Georgia and the southern Appalachians. (Source:www.usatoday.com)


Demystifying the Percentage of Rain: Understanding How Weather Forecasts Calculate Rain Probability
When it comes to planning outdoor activities or deciding whether to carry an umbrella, understanding the percentage of rain in a weather forecast is crucial. However, many people find this aspect of weather forecasting confusing and often misinterpret its meaning. In this article, we will demystify the percentage of rain and help you understand how weather forecasts calculate rain probability. By gaining a clear understanding of this concept, you can make more informed decisions based on accurate weather predictions. So let's dive in and unravel the mysteries behind the percentage of rain!
Understanding the percentage of rain
Understanding the percentage of rain is crucial for accurately predicting and planning for weather conditions. The percentage of rain refers to the likelihood or probability of precipitation occurring in a specific area during a specified time period. It is commonly expressed as a percentage, such as 20% or 70%. This percentage represents the chance that rain will fall at any given point within the forecast area. However, it does not indicate the amount or intensity of rainfall that may occur. To better understand the impact of rain on your plans, it is important to delve deeper into how this percentage is calculated and what factors are considered in its determination.
Factors considered in calculating the percentage
Factors considered in calculating the percentage of rain include atmospheric conditions, such as humidity levels and temperature. The presence of clouds and their type, as well as wind direction and speed, are also taken into account. Additionally, historical weather patterns and data from nearby weather stations are analyzed to determine the likelihood of rain. These factors are combined using complex mathematical models to calculate the percentage of rain for a specific location and time period.
Meteorological tools and data collection
Meteorologists use a variety of tools and techniques to collect data for calculating the percentage of rain in weather forecasts. One of the most common tools is a rain gauge, which measures the amount of precipitation that falls in a specific area over a given period. This data helps meteorologists understand rainfall patterns and make predictions about future weather conditions.
In addition to rain gauges, meteorologists also rely on radar systems to track storms and monitor their movement. Radar can detect the size, shape, and intensity of raindrops, providing valuable information about the potential for rainfall in a particular region.
Satellite imagery is another important tool used in data collection. Satellites provide images of cloud cover and moisture levels in the atmosphere, allowing meteorologists to assess the likelihood of rain based on these observations.
Weather stations equipped with sensors are strategically placed around the world to gather information about temperature, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. These measurements help meteorologists analyze weather patterns and make accurate predictions about future conditions.
All this data is collected and analyzed by meteorological agencies using sophisticated computer models. These models take into account various factors such as air pressure systems, wind patterns, temperature gradients, and historical weather data to calculate the probability of rain.
By combining all these tools and data sources, meteorologists can provide us with reliable forecasts that help us plan our activities accordingly. Understanding how these tools work together allows us to better interpret the percentage of rain mentioned in weather reports and make informed decisions based on this information.
Interpreting the percentage of rain
Interpreting the percentage of rain can be a bit confusing for many people. It is important to understand that the percentage represents the likelihood of rain occurring in a specific area during a given time period.
For example, if the weather forecast says there is a 50% chance of rain tomorrow, it means that there is a 50% probability that it will rain in your area. This does not necessarily mean that it will rain for half of the day or that every corner of your city will experience rainfall.
The percentage of rain is based on complex calculations using meteorological data and models. These calculations take into account various factors such as atmospheric conditions, temperature, humidity, and wind patterns.
It is also important to note that the percentage of rain is not an exact science and can vary depending on the location and time frame being considered. Weather forecasts are constantly updated as new data becomes available, so it's always a good idea to check for updates closer to the time you need the information.
When interpreting the percentage of rain, it's helpful to think about it as a general indication rather than an absolute prediction. A higher percentage indicates a greater likelihood of rainfall, while a lower percentage suggests less certainty.
It's also useful to consider other factors such as cloud cover and intensity when interpreting the forecast. A high chance of rain combined with dark clouds may indicate heavy rainfall, while a low chance with scattered clouds might suggest only light showers.
Ultimately, interpreting the percentage of rain requires some understanding and context. It's important to use this information alongside other weather indicators and personal observations to make informed decisions about outdoor activities or travel plans.
By demystifying the interpretation process, we can better utilize weather forecasts to plan our daily activities and be prepared for any changes in weather conditions.
Importance of the percentage of rain in planning
The percentage of rain plays a crucial role in our daily planning. Whether it's deciding to carry an umbrella or planning outdoor activities, knowing the likelihood of rain helps us make informed decisions. A high percentage indicates a greater chance of rain, prompting us to prepare accordingly. On the other hand, a low percentage suggests minimal chances of rain, allowing us to plan outdoor events with confidence. By understanding and considering the percentage of rain in our planning, we can ensure that we are well-prepared for any weather conditions that may come our way.
In conclusion, understanding the percentage of rain in weather forecasts is crucial for planning our daily activities. By demystifying how this percentage is calculated, we can make more informed decisions about whether to carry an umbrella or plan outdoor events. Factors such as humidity, temperature, wind speed, and cloud cover are considered when determining the likelihood of rain. Meteorological tools and data collection methods play a vital role in providing accurate forecasts. Interpreting the percentage of rain allows us to gauge the probability of precipitation and adjust our plans accordingly. So next time you check the weather forecast, remember that the percentage of rain is not just a random number – it's a valuable piece of information that helps us navigate our day-to-day lives with greater ease and preparedness.
Published: 09. 12. 2023


Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion to value added products, such as chemicals, polymers, and carbon-based fuels represents a promising approach to transform a potential threat to the environment into a value-added product for long term sustainability. Emerging Carbon Capture Technologies: Towards a Sustainable Future provides a multidisciplinary view of the research that is being carried out in this field, covering materials and processes for CO2 capture and utilization and including a broad discussion of the impact of novel technologies in carbon capture on the energy landscape, society and climate. Of interest to students, researchers and professionals in industries related to greenhouse gas mitigation, post-combustion CO2 capture processes, coal-fired power plants, environmental sustainability, green solvents, green technologies, and the utilization of clean energy for environmental protection, this book covers both the experimental and theoretical aspects of novel materials and process development providing a holistic approach toward a sustainable energy future.
Cost Analysis of adsorption based direct air capture of CO2 using porous sorbents, especially porous polymer networks (PPNs) provide a thorough, non-specialist introduction to technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels during power generation and other energy-intensive industrial processes, such as steelmaking. Extensively revised and updated, this second edition provides detailed coverage of key carbon dioxide capture methods along with an examination of the most promising techniques for carbon storage.
The book opens with an introductory section that provides background regarding the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, an overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, and a primer in the fundamentals of power generation. Chapters focus on key carbon capture technologies, including absorption, adsorption, and membrane-based systems, addressing their applications in both the power and non-power sectors.
Muzammil, Mamoona, Muzammil Arshad, and Muazzam Arshad. 2023. Cost Analysis of Adsorption Based Air Capture of CO2. Edinburg: The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/chem_fac/262.
Cost Analysis of Adsorption based Air Capture of CO2


Image via Shutterstock
Many of us may not realize it, but the air is filled with pollutants and chemicals linked to cancer and asthma. In 2012, a World Health Organization study revealed that over 7 million people worldwide were prematurely killed as a result of air pollution. In this dangerous ecological environment, you do not have to smoke cigarettes to face the health risks associated with inhaling toxins. Air pollution will only worsen as the climate changes – days that were once temperate will become much hotter, producing thick, stagnant air that traps pollution. Unfortunately, completely avoiding it is almost impossible – even if you live in secluded towns miles away from the city, wind can still send the contaminants your way. So, what can you do to at least give your lungs a break from the unsafe particles that infiltrate every breath you take? Read more for ways you can reduce your exposure to air pollution.


This cloud in the stratosphere over Titan’s north pole (left) is similar to Earth’s polar stratospheric clouds (right). NASA scientists found that Titan’s cloud contains methane ice, which was not previously thought to form in that part of the atmosphere. Cassini first spotted the cloud in 2006. Description: NASA scientists have identified an unexpected high-altitude methane ice cloud on Saturn's moon Titan that is similar to exotic clouds found far above Earth's poles. This lofty cloud, imaged by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, was part of the winter cap of condensation over Titan's north pole. Now, eight years after spotting this mysterious bit of atmospheric fluff, researchers have determined that it contains methane ice, which produces a much denser cloud than the ethane ice previously identified there.
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest natural satellite in the Solar System. It is the only moon known to have a dense atmosphere, and the only known body in space, other than Earth, where clear evidence of stable bodies of surface liquid has been found.
The first global geologic map of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is based on radar and visible and infrared images from NASA's Cassini mission, which orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017. Black lines mark 30 degrees of latitude and longitude. Map is in Mollweide projection, a global view that attempts to minimize the size or area distortion, especially at the poles (although shapes are increasingly distorted away from the center of the map). It is centered on 0 degrees latitude, 180 degrees longitude. Map scale is 1:20,000,000. In the annotated figure, the map is labeled with several of the named surface features. Also located is the landing site of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Huygens Probe, part of NASA's Cassini mission. The map legend colors represent the broad types of geologic units found on Titan: plains (broad, relatively flat regions), labyrinth (tectonically disrupted regions often containing fluvial channels), hummocky (hilly, with some mountains), dunes (mostly linear dunes, produced by winds in Titan's atmosphere), craters (formed by impacts) and lakes (regions now or previously filled with liquid methane or ethane). Titan is the only planetary body in our solar system other than Earth known to have stable liquid on its surface — methane and ethane. The map was developed using Cassini radar data and Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) images.
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I hope the beginning of the Summer Season is treating you well wherever you are in the Northern Hemisphere.
Here in Minneapolis it has been a warm 2nd weekend of Summer. High humidity has brought us into the sub-tropics without even needing to take a trip.
Some lightning and thunder so far this morning with high winds and rain before 8 a.m. Show is set to start in earnest at 1 p.m. according to my weather app.
It’s fairly calm outside my window now a quarter past 9 a.m. on Sunday, June 30th.
Here’s the highlights of the last week in pictures from my garden’s point of view:


Weather plays a significant role in our daily lives, influencing our plans, activities, and even moods. Staying informed about weather conditions is essential to make informed decisions and stay prepared for whatever Mother Nature has in store. With the advent of weather apps, accessing accurate and up-to-date weather information has become easier than ever. These apps provide real-time forecasts, radar imagery, and severe weather alerts, empowering users to stay weather-aware and plan accordingly. Let’s explore how weather apps can keep you well-informed about weather conditions:
1. Real-Time Forecasts
Weather apps provide real-time weather forecasts based on current data and meteorological models. You can easily check the weather conditions for your location or any other area of interest.
2. Hourly and Daily Forecasts
Get detailed hourly and daily forecasts to plan your day accordingly. Weather apps offer insights into temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and more.
3. Radar and Satellite Imagery
Track weather patterns and storms in real-time with radar and satellite imagery. These visuals help you understand the movement and intensity of weather systems.
4. Severe Weather Alerts
Stay safe during extreme weather events with severe weather alerts. Weather apps send notifications for hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, and other hazardous conditions.
5. Weather Maps and Layers
Weather apps often include interactive maps with customizable layers, allowing you to view specific weather elements like temperature, cloud cover, and wind patterns.


10 day forecasts show monsoon activity this week, but drying out this weekend and into early next week. Looking at mid 80s for the high on Saturday out at Alstrom Point. That's a blessing. When J and I camped out there 4 years ago this time of year it was about 100 degrees out there. Weather appears to be warming up as the week progresses. We'll be looking at high 80s when we're out at Toroweap, and likely low to mid 70s at the higher elevations Tues, Weds, Thurs. Lows at the high elevations likely in the upper 40s / low 50s, which is perfect for camping.
Of course this can all change. I used Grand Canyon village as a reference point, as there are no points on the North Rim on that website. The North Rim is on average 1000-1500 feet higher than the south Rim, so our locations Monday night through Friday Morning will generally be a little cooler than what the South Rim registers.
In any event, weather is looking good. We'll see how bad dust gets on some of the roads, and given the fact things will be mostly dry, that will make the runs easier. Guessing most of this trip will be 2wd, so for those of you expecting something hardcore on this trip will be disappointed. We still might find a mud hole here and there though.


Two hurricane-hunting aircraft visited the Quonset State Airport (KOQU; North Kingstown, RI) yesterday:
- Lockheed WP-3D Orion (N42RC; c/n 285A-5622) of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and
- Lockheed WC-130J Hercules (97-5304, c/n 382-5474) of 53rd WRS, 403rd Wing, AF Reserve.
The aircraft were part of NOAA’s “Hurricane Awareness Tour” aiming to “raise awareness of the impacts from tropical cyclones threats and the danger of being caught without a personal hurricane plan.” The Orion is one of two such aircraft operated by NOAA, based in Lakeland, Florida and equipped to do data collection to supplant data from ground-based radars as well as from satellites. Similarly, the Hercules collects weather data from storms and other adverse weather phenomena; this aircraft is based in Keesler AFB, Mississippi.


The Key Parameters of Air Quality:
The air quality is usually assessed according to the concentrations of specific pollutants. In the uk air quality there are several pollutants that can be monitored. These include nitrogen dioxide(NO2), particulate (PM10, PM2.5), ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO). These pollutants may come from a variety of sources, including both natural and artificial.
Sources for Air Pollution
Air pollution in UK is caused by traffic emissions as well as industrial activities and residential heating. In urban environments, vehicle exhaust is the main source of nitrogen oxide, while industrial processes such as power generation and energy production release particulate material and other pollutants. Air quality can be affected by natural sources, such as wildfires or pollen.
Impact on Public Health
Poor air pollution is linked with a number of health issues. These range from respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic lung disease to cardiovascular problems or even cognitive impairment. The most vulnerable populations are children, elderly people, and those who have pre-existing medical conditions. Not only is it important for the environment, but air quality is also crucial to public health.
The Government’s Initiatives and Regulations
The UK government implemented a set of regulations to address air pollution issues. The Clean Air Strategy (launched in 2019) outlines a holistic approach to reducing emission from transport, industries, and agriculture. City-specific initiatives, such as London’s Ultra Low Emission Zones, limit the entry of high emission vehicles and promote alternative, cleaner transport methods.
There is an increasing emphasis, along with the regulatory effort, on transitioning towards sustainable energy sources and promoting clean technologies. The UK has made a commitment to reach net-zero emission levels by 2050.
Community Engagement & Awareness:
Public awareness and engagement of the community are key to addressing air pollution concerns. Initiatives aimed at educating the public about air pollution and its impacts empower people to make informed choices. Movements that support cleaner air, sustainable practices and a shift in culture towards environmental responsibility are rooted in grassroots campaigns.


Air Temperature Will Drop 6-10 Degrees
The General Directorate of Meteorology (MGM) published its weather forecast report dated 14-20 March. While the air in the interior and underground is around the seasonal normals today, the air temperature, which will be above the seasonal normals in the eastern parts, is expected to increase again as of Wednesday. Heavy rain and storm warnings were issued for 19 provinces by MGM. Here is the expected weather forecast in Istanbul, Ankara and other cities.
According to the latest evaluations made by the General Directorate of Meteorology: Partly and very cloudy throughout our country, Mediterranean, Central Anatolia, inner parts of the Western Black Sea, Central and Eastern Black Sea, the north and west of Eastern Anatolia, Southeast and Istanbul, Bilecik, Kütahya, Afyonkarahisar. It is predicted that the Sinop, Bingöl, Muş and Bitlis areas will experience heavy rains.
Precipitation is expected to be in the form of rain and showers, sleet and snow in the inner parts of the Black Sea, the north and west of Central Anatolia, the northeast of Eastern Anatolia, and around Bilecik, Kütahya and Afyonkarahisar. It is estimated that precipitation will be strong in the Eastern Mediterranean, Western Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and eastern districts of Antalya, and very strong and severe in the western parts of Southeastern Anatolia, Kahramanmaraş, Malatya, Elazığ, Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa and Mardin. It is estimated that frost and frost will be seen in the eastern parts at night and in the morning. Dust transport is expected in Southeast Anatolia. There is avalanche danger in the inner parts of the Eastern Black Sea Region and in the sloping and high parts of Eastern Anatolia.
18 YELLOW AND ORANGE WARNING FOR THE CITY
The General Directorate of Meteorology issued yellow and orange coded warnings for Adana, Adıyaman, Balıkesir, Bingöl, Diyarbakır, Çanakkale, Elazığ, Erzincan, Gaziantep, Mersin, İzmir, Malatya, Manisa, K.Maraş, Mardin, Tunceli, Şanlıurfa, Kilis and Provinces. . Osmaniye.
WHAT IS THE YELLOW AND ORANGE CODE?
Code yellow, air is potentially dangerous. While the predicted meteorological event is not unusual, it does mean that caution should be exercised about activities that may be affected by meteorological conditions.
Code orange – The weather is dangerous: The predicted meteorological event is not often seen. Damage and losses are likely to occur. Be very careful, current meteorological conditions and forecasts should be followed.
While it is not expected to increase by 2 to 4 degrees in the northern and inner parts of the country, no significant change is expected in other places.
WIND: It is expected to blow lightly, moderately and strongly (40-60 km/h) in places, from the north of the Marmara, the Aegean coasts and the inner parts of the Black Sea, from the south and southeast directions in the eastern parts. East Blacksea.
STRONG RAIN WARNING: Since the precipitation is expected to be strong in the Eastern Mediterranean, Western Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and eastern districts of Antalya, and very strong and severe in the western districts of Southeastern Anatolia, Kahramanmaraş, Malatya, Elazığ, Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa and Mardin. One should be careful and cautious against sudden floods, floods, lightning, local hail, disruptions in transportation and storms.
STRONG WIND WARNING: Since the wind is expected to blow strongly (40-60 km/h) from the north directions in the west of the Marmara and the Aegean coasts, and from the south and southeast directions in the inner parts of the Eastern Black Sea region, the region will be prone to negativities such as falling trees and poles, flying the roof, and transportation. should be cautious and cautious.


What is Acid Rain?
Acid rain refers to a mixture of deposited material, both wet and dry, coming from the atmosphere containing more than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. Simply put, it means rain that is acidic in nature due to the presence of certain pollutants in the air due to cars and industrial processes. It is easily defined as rain, fog, sleet or snow that has been made acidic by pollutants in the air as a result of fossil fuel and industrial combustions that mostly emits Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). Acidity is determined on the basis of the pH level of the water droplets. Normal rain water is slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.3-6.0, because carbon dioxide and water present in the air react together to form carbonic acid, which is a weak acid. When the pH level of rain water falls below this range, it becomes acid rain.
When these gases react with water molecules and oxygen among other chemicals found in the atmosphere, mild acidic chemical compounds such as sulfuric and nitric acid are formed resulting to acid rain. Acid rain generally leads to weathering of buildings, corrosion of metals, and peeling of paints on surfaces. Erupting volcanoes contains some chemicals that can cause acid rain. Apart from this, burning of fossil fuels, running of factories and automobiles due to human activities are few other reasons behind this activity.


Hawaii Weather: Paradise of the PacificHawaii is a tropical paradise that is located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The state is composed of several islands, and its geography ranges from white sand beaches to lush rainforests. Because of its location, Hawaii enjoys warm temperatures all year round, with the occasional tropical storm bringing in heavy rainfall.
In terms of hail, Hawaii experiences it yearly, but the amount varies depending on the time of year and the location within the state. Hailstones can range from small to large, and their impact on the islands can be minimal or significant. Additionally, Hawaii is also prone to lightning strikes, high winds, and occasional hurricanes.
Hail Maps in HawaiiDespite the beauty of Hawaii, hail is a weather phenomenon that can disrupt daily activities and cause damage to properties. That's why it's important to be aware of the hail maps in Hawaii. These maps provide an overview of the areas that are more likely to experience hail, helping residents and tourists prepare for any potential hailstorms.
The hail maps in Hawaii are updated regularly, taking into account the latest weather data and forecasts. By using these maps, residents can plan their activities accordingly and take the necessary precautions to protect their homes and businesses from any potential hail damage.
Hail Reports in HawaiiHail reports in Hawaii are a useful tool for anyone who wants to stay informed about the weather conditions on the islands. These reports provide detailed information about the size, frequency, and location of hailstorms in Hawaii, helping people stay up-to-date and prepared.
By keeping an eye on the hail reports in Hawaii, residents and tourists can adjust their plans accordingly and take the necessary steps to stay safe during hailstorms. They can also use the information in the reports to plan for potential damage to their properties and take measures to protect themselves and their belongings.


Weather Humboldt – Lost Coast Weather
Humboldt Weather is renowned for being wild.
The average high temperature is 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and the average low temperature is 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
Humboldt Weather experiences an average of fewer than two inches of rain annually.
The area is also blessed with more than 300 days of sunshine each year.
This makes Humboldt Weather an ideal place for those who enjoy mild weather and sunshine.
The Lost Coast is a rugged and remote section of the California coastline.
It’s known for its dramatic scenery, including towering cliffs, rocky beaches, and lush forests.
Lost Coast Weather is known for its unpredictability.
Do you live in an area not shown here?
We want to offer all Humboldt Weather forecasts to the entire Lost Coast. If your patch of Humboldt Weather is not shown here, please send us an email with your essential location detail, and we will see what we can do!
Some areas of Humboldt Weather are unfortunately unavailable from our current service provider. However, if you can access this Humboldt Weather information elsewhere, please let us know where so we can look at what is offered and hopefully discover an alternative for our readers.
Humboldt Weather is changing every day, heck, sometimes every hour! We understand the need to know what is going down here, there, and everywhere regarding Humboldt Weather.
Humboldt County, California, is a beautiful and varied place. The county is home to towering redwoods, pristine beaches, and a vibrant arts and culture scene.
The people of Humboldt County are friendly and welcoming, and there is a strong sense of community here.
There are many things to do in Humboldt County, and there is something for everyone. Whether you want to go hiking, biking, fishing, or exploring the area, Humboldt County is the perfect place.
As you likely imagine, Humboldt Weather can sometimes get in the way. However, Humboldt Weather can also provide breathtaking sunshine bursting through distant clouds painting the sky pink as the sun sets over the horizon. Humboldt Weather can be unpredictable, windy, and sometimes even HOT! No matter what the Humboldt Weather happens to be, there is something you can do to make the best of it. Humboldt Weather is a unique feature of Humboldt County, adding a lot of character and adventure to an already very cool place.
Other sites may scare you away with their description of Humboldt Weather, but don’t let it fool you; there is a lot to see and do here, and the weather is not the most significant factor.


Air pollution is high in the state
Last updated 10/5/2021 at 4:43pm | View PDF
While Arizona residents are dealing with extreme flooding, those in California are dealing with the result of too many fires, of which a by- product is smoke-filled air and ash floating down from the skies.
All outdoor activities, including football games, were canceled due to the poor air quality last weekend. Those with any upper respiratory issues were recommended to stay indoors.
The top five cities in the country with the worst annual air quality levels are all located in the state of California, which include Bakersfield, Fresno, Visalia, Los Angeles-Long Beach and San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland.
The Kern County Pollution Index states that Bakersfield's high air pollution levels are due to the area's high-emission industries (such as agriculture and fossil-fuel based energy production), growing residential emissions and its geographic and climatic conditions, which cause polluted air to become trapped in the valley.
One of the reasons Kern County suffers from so much bad air is the valley sits between mountain ranges and bad air gets caught as if it’s in a pocket, unable to escape.
While temperatures are cooling down, a fall rain would help with the pollution and the recent sprinkling of ash from the fires.
Also, frequent wildfires with mountainous terrain trap pollution and a warm climate helps contribute to ozone formation giving additional challenges to California’s air quality.
When COVID-19 first hit the state and everyone was required to stay at home and isolate, with fewer drivers on the road, many commented that the air in Kern County was the clearest it had been in years and the skies were bright blue for the first time in a long time.
At this time, an announcement has not been made regarding sporting events this coming weekend.


With the recent impacts to both coasts from Hurricane Hilary and Hurricane Idalia and now with Hurricane Lee predicted to become a major storm, it is very important to be aware and be prepared for any severe weather systems that may impact areas that we live in.
Forecasters are continuing to predict that there is an above-average probability that additional hurricanes will make landfall along the US coastline and in the Caribbean. Hurricane season typically runs from June through November, peaking in early to mid-September. It is important to remember that hurricanes can happen any time, any place, and that remnants of these storms could have impacts far inland away from the coast.
It only takes one storm to change your life and your community. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and storm surge are among the most powerful and destructive phenomena. If you live in an area prone to tropical events, you need to be prepared.
Today is a good time to determine your personal risks, find out if you love in a hurricane evacuation zone, and review/update insurance policies. It is the perfect time to replenish your hurricane emergency supplies, review your emergency plans in the event of a storm, and to prepare your homes for any future storms.
Additional hurricane preparedness information can be found on the following websites:


Seán Batty (born 6th May 1982) is a meteorologist, currently working for STV. Before this he was a Broadcast Assistant at the BBC Weather Centre and occasionally presented forecasts in BBC regions.
Born in Paisley, Scotland, he attended Castlehead High School and studied Meteorology at Reading University.
His interest in meteorology began when he was only seven years old, after receiving a BBC weather kit for his birthday. Batty became the weather forecaster for the School newspaper as well as the regional newspaper, The Paisley Daily Express for a few months during the summer of 1996.
Batty joined the Met Office as a weather observer at the school of Army Training at Middle Wallop airbase near Andover, Hampshire. He later worked with the ITV Weather team preparing TV weather graphics and maps for S4C, UTV and ITV.
In 2004 he joined the BBC as a broadcast assistant. Seán has been working in Scotland for STV Weather since August 2007.
Batty was nominated for the BAFTA Scotland Lloyds TSB Scotland Award for Most Popular Scottish Presenter in November 2008, losing out to Lorraine Kelly.
He is learning Gaelic and hopes to be fluent in time for the Paisley MOD in 2013.


The goal of the project was to develop a sensor hub (polipods) that includes different environmental sensors for air pollution monitoring. Hub is designed to be installed on the moving vehicles. Polipod is a low energy, customizable device platform for collecting data about 10 air pollutants, most important being Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), CO2 and NOx. Chosen sensors were tested and calibrated at the TalTech laboratory. By installing the polipods on moving vehicles (public transportation, cars, bikes, ), it covers a greater city area, monitoring the air pollution at a street level. Data was initially collected to the Cumulocity IoT platform.
- Funding source(s): EAS
- Total project cost: 19,100 EUR
- Start and end dates: 03.2018 – 11.2018
- Project manager: Mairo Leier
- Includes wide range of sensors
- Particulate matter sensors PM2.5 and PM10
- CO2 sensor
- NOx sensor
- Humidity sensor
- Temperature sensor
- NB-IoT radio network is used for automatic data transmission
- CO2 and NOx sensors were separated from other sensors as they need a continuously flowing air
- System continues working on Li-Po battery if power from vehicle is interrupted
Project was successfully finished in 01.2019.


It is now a sad routine: that of a series of years marking temperature records, witnesses of an overheating planet. 2020 was one of the three hottest years on record – neck and neck with 2016 and 2019 – and it competed with 2016 for the top spot, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) final toll.
This situation was all the more exceptional given that 2020 was marked by a high amplitude La Niña episode, a cooling of the equatorial Pacific which reduced the global temperature of the planet and which limited the heat at the end of the year. Conversely, the record year 2016 was marked by a very intense El Niño episode, which accentuates the warming. “Approaching a temperature record during a major La Niña episode is unheard of”, assures the climatologist (CNRS) Christophe Cassou. “This clearly shows that the global signal of human-induced climate change is now as powerful as the force of nature”, Judge WMO Secretary General Petteri Taalas in a statement.
For the first time in its history, WMO has not been able to stop its ranking of the warmest years. Indeed, the five global datasets on which it is based have concluded that there are very small differences between the years 2020, 2019 and 2016, which “All fall within the margin of error of the WMO global mean temperature calculation.” NASA and the European Center for Weather Forecasts estimate that 2020 is the hottest year on record tied for 2016. The US Ocean and Atmospheric Observation Agency (NOAA) and the UK Meteorological Services (Met Office) have both ranked 2020 as the second hottest year behind 2016. Finally, the Japanese Meteorological Service ranks 2020 as the third hottest.
Record temperatures in France
“The ranking of temperatures for different years is only a glimpse of a much longer term trend. Since the 1980s, each decade has been warmer than the last. Greenhouse gases which trap heat in the atmosphere remain at record levels and the long lifespan of carbon dioxide, the most important gas, commits the planet to future warming ”, warns Petteri Taalas.
The decade 2011-2020 was thus the hottest on record and the six years since 2015 have all reached records. 2020 was by far the warmest year in Europe, with 0.4 ° C above 2019, and over 2.2 ° C above the pre-industrial period (1850-1900). It also marked a record temperature in France since the start of measurements in 1900.
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To investigate the long-term variation of the activity concentration of two radionuclides 210Pb and 7Be exists in atmospheric aerosol and the relationship with PM2.5，PM10 and O3 in the atmosphere in Kunming，Baoshan and Lincang in Yunnan province, five years monitoring data were obtained by the automatic monitoring station in the main area of Kunming，Baoshan and Lincang，and the variation tendency of 210Pb and 7Be，and the relationship with PM2.5，PM10 and O3 werr studied. Based on these data，the correlations between 210Pb，7Be and PM2.5，PM10，O3 were discussed. Our study showed that for 7Be，the average data per year for the three cities were similar. While for 210Pb，the data in Kunming and Baoshan are similar，but the value of Lincang is evident higher. Furthermore, during five years，the variation of 7Be in all three cities was pretty small. While 210Pb in Kunming and Baoshan also keeps stable，but decreases evidently in Lincang during these years. The values for both 210Pb and 7Be are higher in dry season than in wet season in one year especially for 7Be. The values of 210Pb and 7Be are highly correlated. 7Be and O3 in all three cities have positive?correlation，such correlation could originate from the similar strong correlation with the atmospheric vertical circulation for both 7Be and O3. In Lincang，210Pb is directly proportional to PM10，while in Baoshan，210Pb is directly proportional to PM2.5，the variation of 210Pb and the correlation with PM10 and PM2.5 could relate to the radiation environment on earth surface. We hope our work can benefit to further pollution control.
武荣国. 云南省三城市气溶胶中210Pb、7Be的长期变化趋势及与PM2.5、PM10和O3关系研究[J]. 世界核地质科学, 2022, 39(1): 130-138.
WU Rongguo. The Long-term Variation Tendency of 210Pb and 7Be Exist in Aerosol and the Correlation with PM2.5, PM10 and O3 in Three Cities of Yunnan Province. , 2022, 39(1): 130-138.


Doha climate pact keeps Kyoto Protocol alive
- Gulf News
- Category: Headlines
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Doha, Dec. 9 (Agencies).─ The Kyoto Protocol will be extended until 2020, after Qatar pushed through an agreement at the global climate change conference in Doha yesterday.
The president of the 18th session of the Conference of Parties (COP18), HE Abdullah bin Hamad al-Attiyah, said the new agreement, the only internationally binding treaty on cutting emissions of greenhouse gases, would apply from 2013.
Read more ...


Recent Safe Climate Transport Campaign commentary:
Opinion: To save money and the planet, Biden needs stronger clean car rules
By Dan Becker and Maya Golden-Krasner
The weeks leading up to this month’s COP27 Climate Summit in Egypt have laid bare the many challenges facing President Joe Biden, from OPEC-induced gas price volatility to damning reports showing that the planet is careening toward climate catastrophe.
But there’s a single step Biden can take to fight the climate crisis and save consumers at the pump: make cars cleaner, faster…
Click here to read the op-ed.
Global Warming 101
A Safe Climate for All of Us
The Safe Climate Transport Campaign is working to solve the biggest challenge we face: Global warming. The technology exists today to protect our fragile climate by cutting our dependence on polluting fossil fuels, such as oil. We have a responsibility to our children and our communities to take sensible steps now to become good stewards of the air and climate we depend on to sustain us.
Earth’s climate is regulated by the greenhouse effect. The layer of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere acts like a heat-trapping blanket around the planet by capturing some of the sun’s radiation and sustaining….
To read more about Global Warming 101: Science, Sources, Solutions and Impacts, click here.
Opinion articles by Safe Climate Transport Campaign
As President Biden finalizes his road map to steer America toward a cleaner car fleet and safe climate, he should ignore the auto industry’s push for weak fuel efficiency and emissions rules and strengthen the tough standards imposed by the Obama administration that were shredded by Donald Trump.
Mr. Biden’s first step should be to direct the Environmental Protection Agency to reimpose emissions reductions as quickly as possible for new cars and S.U.V.s and other light trucks to 5 percent a year as called for under the Obama rules.
Then he should instruct the agency …
Safe Climate Transport Campaign in the News
Green groups push Biden on SUV emissions with new ads. February 28, 2023.
Ed Markey helped make Elon Musk. Now, Markey is working to slow him down. February 25, 2023.
The Unprecedented Rise of Carbon Dioxide
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The planet is cryptocourant getting warmer day by day. The weather is getting worse. Climate change doesnâ€™t mean just global heating. There are different parameters playing an essential role in climate change. This article will describe the different components of climate change. Moreover, how humans can stop wrecking the planet.
What is climate change?
Climate change basically refers to the long term trends in climate over the last decades. In this era, when we talk about climate change, it means we refer to the change in climate due to human activities that began at the start of the 1900s. Basically, the climate has gone through different patterns and changes but humans were not behind these changes. However, current climate change is due to humans and it is happening at an alarming pace.
Climate change refers not only to global warming but also changes in rain patterns. Sometimes climate change is referred to as a climate crisis and global actifs numeriques warming as global heating.
How do we get here?
It started in the early 1800s but the most negative impact on climate change happened in the last 100 years. Overall, the industrial revolution is behind this climate crisis.
During the first wave of industrialization in the 1800s, humans dramatically increased the usage of coal and started clearing lands. The second phase of climate destruction started when we introduced fertilizers and chemicals at the end of the century. After WW1, people started opening up oil fields that became the most important part of military use.
From 1930 to 1960, different marche des cryptocurrences studies and papers showed the inability of the oceans to absorb carbon, climate feedbacks, global warming and the damage to the ozone. In 1960, humans were capable to measure the exact amount of carbon in the air. The first earth day was celebrated in 1970. In the same year, the USA created the Environmental Protection Agency.
What causes climate change?
Research shows different ways that play a significant role in climate change. Greenhouse gas emission stands out among the key driver of climate change. Here are a few biggest contributors to greenhouse gases emission:
Most greenhouse gases originate from different energy resources such as the burning of coal, gas, and oil. The energy is utilized for heating, cooling, manufacturing, and other processes. Humans produce almost 70% of greenhouse gases that have a severe impact on the climate.
2. Deforestation and Land clearing
Deforestation is another major cause of climate change. Fewer trees will absorb less CO2. Cutting down trees release the stored carbon in the biomass. Moreover, it also reduces rainfall and increases soil disturbance.
3. Agriculture and Farming
Fermentation, fertilizers, manure management, crop residues, rice cultivation release the stored carbon. So it is also a significant factor in climate change.
Transportation such as ships, trains, planes, and trucks consume a significant part of energy. They emit CO2 that is really destructive for the climate.
The industry is another giant factor that creates a lot of emissions. Whether it is a mining industry, manufacturing industry or fashion industry, all are equally responsible for climate change.
6. Waste Disposal
The residential or commercial waste also has a remarkable contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. It can be solid waste disposal, waste incineration, wastewater handling and also burning of waste.
All aforementioned factors have an impact on the climate because all produce greenhouse gases. However, their impact varies on the scale.
What are Greenhouse gases?
When we talk about greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide receives our attention most of the time. Only CO2 is not a gas that causes global heating. Basically, each greenhouse gas has different characteristics and has its own impact on our biosphere.
For example, methane causes global warming for over 10 years, but it vanishes very quickly. It only remains for 12 years in the atmosphere. On the other hand, CO2 can last thousands of years. Basically, humans are the key driver behind the emission of greenhouse gases. Now humans are even causing animals and plants to emit these gases more too.
Here are some important greenhouse gases:
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Deforestation, burning of fossil fuels have basically increased the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. The emission of CO2 is also a natural process during breathing and volcano eruption. So far, it is the most severe factor in climate change.
- Methane (CH4): It is another major greenhouse gas that has a severe impact on climate. This gas is produced naturally and by humans as well. For example, CH4 emission is due to decomposition in landfills, rice cultivation, digestion and livestock manure like cows. It is much more active than CO2 but less abundant in the atmosphere. However, it is also increasing dramatically.
- Nitrous oxide (N2O): The main sources of N2O emission are soil cultivation, fossil fuel combustion, especially the usage of fertilizers, biomass burning and nitric acid production. It is the most powerful greenhouse gas having a severe impact on climate.
- CFCs and HFCs: These are the most severe greenhouse gases that have destroyed our ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons are based on an industrial origin that is used in many applications. When these gases were destroying our ozone, did we take any step?
What is next for Climate change?
It is good news that the global community is united on the hazard of climate change. The science has linked different extreme events such as flooding events, anomalous hurricanes to human-caused climate change. So everyone is getting serious about climate change and thinking about the solution.
Some even still argue that we have left behind the tipping point. According to them, if we stop emitting greenhouse gases today, there will be no dramatic effect. We need to prepare ourselves for a different kind of climate in the future. This preparation will take money.
There is no need to think about such arguments. We should try to stop the emission of greenhouse gases as much as possible to prevent the climate from becoming worse.
Climate change is a severe issue today. There are several factors causing global warming and climate crisis. One of the most significant factors is greenhouse gases. Authorities must take action to stop these gases. The most obvious solution is a dramatic shift in energy resources. We can reduce greenhouse gases emission by shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energies like wind, solar and geothermal.Read More »


You've probably heard that it's critical to check the weather report before going on a hike, no matter the season. This allows you to pack the proper hiking clothes as well as any other necessary gear, resulting in a much better hiking experience. It's always a good idea to check the official weather forecast before heading out, but knowing what the changes look like can be a useful skill on any hiking trip.
Today, we have access to comprehensive weather reports tailored to the trails in both web and app form. We'd like to share with you some of our favorite apps and websites.
Windy.com is a useful and visually appealing app. It was created in 2014 by Ivo Lukaovi, a Czech kiter, helicopter, and jet pilot, and is a visual tool that shows numerous overlays on an engaging map of the world. The free version of the service provides a 3-hour forecast that is updated twice daily, whereas the premium subscription provides a high definition 1-hour forecast with precision data that is updated 4 times per day. There's also an incredible live webcam tool, which allows you to frequently view near the area conditions in real time, giving you a good idea of factors such as the height of the snow line, for example.
With this app, you can simply search for the mountain you want to see an hourly forecast for, with information such as wind speed and direction, rainfall, temperature, winter temperatures, and freezing level. The most interesting feature is the ability to select your forecast elevation, which provides critical information about what to expect at base camp versus the summit. One of the platform's main strengths is the ability to choose between different forecasts. For hikers and mountaineers, the ECMWF and MeteoBlue are the best resources, and you can search for specific summits.
Weather forecasters use massive amounts of data to create computer models and simulations that help predict upcoming weather changes. Weather forecasting has a significant impact on transportation, particularly air and water travel. Weather can have an impact on aircraft take-off and landing, whereas storms and strong winds have a significant impact on water travel.
Refer to at least two different sources that employ various weather models.
Check the weather for 3-5 days before the hike or climb.
Consider the weather for the entire duration of your trip, and make or change plans based on the most recent forecast.
Prepare for a change in the weather and cancel your plans if the conditions appear dangerous.
The wind direction in the German Alps also indicates how well the weather could develop in the coming hours and days. When the wind blows from the northeast to the east, it almost always means good weather.
Air from the south-west, on the other hand, indicates that a low is approaching. If the wind is blowing from the south indicates warm Alpine foehn wind. So you can enjoy the warm weather at first. However, the weather is about to change.
Essentially, you must observe the wind for your forecast over a longer period of time – preferably in a location where the air is not swirled by obstacles in the surroundings. If the wind direction changes, it is a sure sign that the weather is changing.
Air pressure changes are a sure sign of climate changes. The only issue is that air pressure cannot be seen. That's why we have parameters, which are small enough to fit in a pocket. There are also barometer-equipped wristwatches.
There is a rule of thumb for determining how the weather changes based on air pressure: if the air pressure drops sharply in a short period of time, bad weather is predicted. A severe storm should be expected if the pressure drops by 1 to 2 hPA (Pascal per hour). If the air pressure slowly drops, you can expect a longer period of good weather to come to an end. However, if a barometer is not always available, use nature's signs to forecast the weather.
You've likely heard your nearby meteorologist discuss barometric pressure, and it's simpler to grasp than you might think. Even if your hike does not require significant elevation changes, consider packing an altimeter.
Changes in air pressure (which occur whenever you change elevation) are used by these devices to calculate your altitude. Rapid drops in air pressure are an indication of changing weather patterns, so if your altimeter drops unexpectedly, take note and take a glance for any developments in the clouds or skies.
Examine the hourly weather forecast.
Take note of the wind direction, wind chill, and gust speed.
Examine the precipitation, humidity, and sky cover.
Examine the weather in the mountains at various elevations.
Examine the wind, precipitation, and temperature at different times.
Take note of freezing temperatures to determine where the snow begins.
Even if you go into the wilderness knowing everything there is to know about clouds, storms, and cold fronts, if you don't bring the right hiking gear, your knowledge will be useless. Even on summer hikes, bring a lightweight fleece and water-resistant, breathable raincoat in your hiking backpack. This is particularly true for hikes that take you higher in elevation, as it is almost always noticeably cooler at the top of the mountain than at the base. Weather patterns tend to shift most dramatically in these areas as well.
Every climber should always be capable of reading mountain weather and keep an eye on what the weather is doing while on the mountain. We hope this article helped you!
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When most people think of air pollution, they tend to focus on smog and other outdoor sources. However, the fact is that the amount of indoor air pollution in the average home is usually far greater than outdoor air pollution. Pets, dust mites, smoking, pollen and pests are all major sources of indoor air pollution, which have the potential to wreak havoc on your health and respiratory system. Elderly people and those with allergies, asthma and other respiratory ailments are especially susceptible to indoor air pollution, but even those who are otherwise healthy can still suffer. For this reason, we’ll now present you a few simple tips you can use to help lower indoor air pollution and ensure that your home has a pleasant, healthy environment.
Keep It Clean
Cleaning is one of the easiest ways to reduce indoor air pollution. Vacuuming your floors with a HEPA-filter vacuum is a great way to suck up dust, pet dander, pollen and most other indoor pollutants. Generally speaking, you should be vacuuming your floors at least twice a week. As well, you should also thoroughly mop your floors at least once a week to pick up any dust and allergens left behind by the vacuum. Placing door mats outside each entrance should also help to reduce indoor air pollution, as the mats will capture most pollutants and ensure they don’t get tracked through the home. Finally, you should also be washing your bedding on the highest temperature at least once a week to help eliminate dust mites.
While cleaning is definitely important for reducing air pollution, the problem is that many chemical cleaning products can actually make the problem worse. Synthetic fragrances, air fresheners and chemical detergents and cleaning products all tend to release chemical gasses into the air, which can wreak havoc on those with respiratory problems or anyone with a more sensitive system. Therefore, it is always best to use natural products and to avoid anything with synthetic fragrances or perfumes whenever possible.
Maintain a Healthy Humidity Level
Dust mites, mold and other allergens tend to thrive in moist conditions, which is precisely why you should monitor your home’s humidity level. Keeping the humidity in your home between 30 to 50 percent is a great way to reduce allergens and thus improve indoor air quality. In some cases, it may be necessary to use a dehumidifier to lower the humidity content, but simply running your air conditioner can also reduce the level of moisture in the air and thus help to reduce many common allergens and pollutants.
Focus on Your HVAC System
Your home’s air conditioner can hold the key to improving indoor air quality. A high-quality A/C unit will help to filter out most pollen and other allergens, while also reducing the humidity content in the air. Bringing fresh air into the home is a simple way to improve indoor air quality, and this is precisely where your air conditioner can be a huge help. Companies like ActronAir produce a wide range of air conditioners designed specifically for the harsh Australian climate, and using one of these A/C units can help to limit indoor air pollution while also ensuring a cool, pleasant indoor environment. Of course, it is essential that you make sure your HVAC system is well-maintained and that you change out the air filters regularly to ensure that you gain the full benefits.
At the end of the day, there are a wide number of things that you can do to improve indoor air quality. Even if you don’t suffer from poor health or respiratory problems, reducing indoor air pollution can still help to ensure your home is more pleasant to be in. Therefore, it is highly recommended that you follow these basic steps to ensure that indoor air pollution doesn’t become a huge problem for you and your family.


LONDON — A firework show at the Snowdonia National Park in the north of Wales has been titled the Northern Lights, but in the last two weeks, several people have spotted explosions during displays of the phenomenon that almost always happen in the far north.
It had been calculated that the Aurora Borealis, the northern lights, would be at their most visible on May 29 and May 30, but that didn’t stop people from watching from the beach in Wildwel, Britain, on Sunday. A video taken at the beach shows high-speed flashes of lightning and bright purple light.
A report from The Mirror said “explosions” were visible in the sky on Sunday evening at around 7 p.m. There have been concerns that an insect invasion might be a contributor to recent light show sightings.
It comes two weeks after auroras were spotted from all across Britain at different times of the day and night.
The phenomenon can appear as light trails or as shooting stars as the sun ionizes gases in the sky and causes them to glow.
It’s called the aurora borealis because of how hard it looks like ice falls from the sky.
According to the U.S. National Science Foundation, “Aurora displays are rare, even when oriented in the exact right direction, because the flow of energy from the sun is uneven.”
Meteor showers, called Perseids, are best described as shooting stars. They’re created by the shooting out of asteroids and comets that enter the Earth’s orbit, usually at roughly the same time as the Earth enters their orbit.
Video by The Defiance Valley.


The burning of fossil fuels and the constant creation of waste has already begun to create massive impacts within our atmosphere, community, and wildlife. You can help our planet through education and action. Join the fight against climate change to create a healthier future for our youth.
-The burning of fossil fuels into the atmosphere by humans has resulted in our planet warming by 1-degree Celcius in temperature. This has already begun to have destructive impacts on the environment and is continually rising.
EXTREME HEAT - Our planet's atmosphere and oceans are heating up 10x faster than ever before. Resulting in some of the worst heat waves, wildfires, and droughts the world has ever experienced.
OCEAN WARMING - Most of the heat energy is stored deep in our oceans. Resulting in rapid changes in ecosystems, including mass bleaching (death) of coral reefs.
MELTING ICE - As our glaciers continue to melt, the Earth's ability to deflect heat energy decreases. Not only this but the melting of polar caps will increase the amount of water in the oceans. Bringing tides and storms closer to shore, which has caused more than 1 million people to evacuate their homes.
Don't Take My Word!
Check out these resources for more information


The purpose of this class is to learn fundamental meteorology from global to regional scales and its practical use in various science and engineering fields, thereby providing the intellectual basis for tackling global warming and/or urban heat island effects.
Students will be able to:
(1) Obtain the intellectual basis to examine global climate changes by understanding the mechanism of global wind, heat and water circulations
(2) Obtain the intellectual basis to examine regional climate changes by understanding the mechanism of regional wind, heat and water circulations
Wind, temperature and water circulations from global to regional scales: Meteorology over various land surfaces
|✔ Specialist skills||Intercultural skills||Communication skills||Critical thinking skills||Practical and/or problem-solving skills|
The topics offered are not comprehensive but intended for wide and practical use in interdisciplinary fields. The lecture highlights the mechanism and physical background of interesting meteorological phenomena. Several exercises will contribute to deepen the understanding the physics.
|Course schedule||Required learning|
|Class 1||Orientation||Explain the new system binding video and real lectures, and understand the goal of this class.|
|Class 2||Global surface temperature - video lecture||Understand the mechanism of the globe surface temperature with radiative equilibrium and greenhouse gas effect.|
|Class 3||Global surface temperature - discussion||surface temperature with radiative equilibrium and greenhouse gas effect.|
|Class 4||Global atmospheric and water circulation - video lecture||Understand the mechanism of global atmospheric circulation including the Hadley circulation and the Westerlies with baroclinic instability|
|Class 5||Global atmospheric and water circulation - discussion||Understand the mechanism of global water circulation. Where and how much water exist on the globe? How frequently does the existing water exchange?|
|Class 6||Vertical profile of the atmosphere - video lecture||Learn the vertical profile of the temperature, pressure and density within the troposphere, and understand the concept of potential temperature.|
|Class 7||Atmsopheric stability of dry air - discussion||Understand the atmospheric stability of dry air using adiabatic laps rate and potential temperature gradient.|
|Class 8||Atmsopheric stability of moist air - video lecture||Understand the atmospheric stability of moist air using the concepts of latent instability and/or convective instability.|
|Class 9||Extension of the concept of stability of moist air - discussion||Learn the life cycle of cumulus cloud, its deformation due to wind shear, and organized squall line|
|Class 10||Atmospheric boundary layer - video lecture||The troposphere can be divided into the atmospheric boundary layer below adjacent to the surface and free atmosphere above. Learn the difference of physics between these two layers|
|Class 11||Extension of the concept of atmospheric boundary layer - discussion||Learn the extended concept of atmospheric boundary layer; local circulations including see-land breezes and katabatic-anabatic winds, and understand their influence on the regional climate.|
|Class 12||Surface energy balance - video lecture||Understand the concept of surface energy balance with relevant land surface parameters.|
|Class 13||Surface energy balance of various surfaces - discussion||Understand the characteristics of energy balance over various land surface|
|Class 14||Presentation of final report||Present final reports and reviwe the topics learned|
To enhance effective learning, students are encouraged to spend approximately 100 minutes preparing for class and another 100 minutes reviewing class content afterwards (including assignments) for each class.
They should do so by referring to textbooks and other course material.
Exercise in Video
Exercise in Lecture


Ever wondered why it is not enough to avoid carbon emissions and why it is not even enough to reduce our emissions to zero? This article clearly explains why it is important that we start removing the excess amount of carbon dioxide from our atmosphere and how promising carbon removal solutions can be propelled. For the full article click here.
WE DID IT! Carbyon is a Milestone Award Winner in the XPRIZE Carbon Removal competition.
This is how we revealed the Milestone Award to the entire Carbyon team. Winning such […]Read more


I don't know about the rest of you but I am wearying of the incessant snow, ice, fog and rain. While I am not an expert on climate I can predict that summer hiking will get off to a late start this year. Two inches of snow fell in North Bend this morning and while the sun is expected to shine today and tomorrow there could be hazardous driving conditions tomorrow (icy roads). I'm co-leading a Mountaineer hike tomorrow - and guess where we're going. Tiger Mountain. Again. Be safe out there. Choose your destination wisely. There are likely to be avalanches in the high country as snow melts and refreezes resulting in an unstable layer of snow at higher elevations -and ice on lower-elevation trails, at least in the morning. A pox on this weather. Grumble, grumble.


Methane emissions reduction creates an opportunity – a real opportunity – to make oil and gas industry part of the solution to achieve sustainable energy system, Trend quoted Wael Abd El Moati, Gas Industries Expert at Organisation of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) as saying.
“The contribution of oil and gas sector to the global methane emissions is estimated at 9-12 percent. It’s not 70 or 80 or 90 percent. We are a component in the other big components,” he noted.
Yury Sentyurin, Secretary General of the GECF noted that around 80 percent of oil and gas measures abatement practices could be implemented at a negative or low-cost.
Agricultural activities are the biggest contributor to methane emissions, followed by the oil and gas industry, accounting for around 25 percent, of which 77 percent comes from the upstream sector. Methane is more than 25 times as potent as carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere. It is, however, much more short-lived compared to CO2.
Reducing human-caused methane emissions is one of the most cost-effective strategies to rapidly reduce the rate of warming and contribute significantly to global efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C. Available targeted methane measures, together with additional measures that contribute to priority development goals, can simultaneously reduce human-caused methane emissions by as much as 45 percent, or 180 million tonnes a year (Mt/yr) by 2030. This will avoid nearly 0.3°C of global warming by the 2040s and complement all long-term climate change mitigation efforts. It would also, each year, prevent 255 000 premature deaths, 775 000 asthmarelated hospital visits, 73 billion hours of lost labour from extreme heat, and 26 million tonnes of crop losses globally.


BERKELEY COUNTY, S.C.–Berkeley County and the surrounding counties may experience snow and sleet this week, according to the National Weather Service.
A Winter Storm Watch will be in effect from Wednesday morning to Wednesday evening.
This means some accumulations of snow and/or ice are possible as a storm system passes offshore.
A chance of snow and sleet may occur before 8 a.m., then a chance of snow may occur between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m., then snow and sleet likely after 9 a.m, according to NWS.
Snow will be likely before 10 p.m., then a slight chance of freezing rain between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m.
Wednesday’s forecast is predicted to be cloudy with a high near 36 and low of 23. A chance of precipitation is 70%.
New snow and sleet accumulation of 1 to 2 inches possible.
The combination of temperatures and winds will likely lead to wind chills near 15 degrees each morning through Saturday. Thus, Wind Chill Advisories may be possible.
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Air Pollution Problem
Air pollution is environmental problem that directly affects people’s health. Most people might be familiar of the term “pollution or air pollution” but are not aware of the information or detail of what exactly air pollution is, and which aspects does it impact people’s life quality.
What is air pollution?
Air pollution is the occurrence of dust, bio-molecule, or hazardous substance in earth’s atmospheres, including air pollution inside buildings. Air pollution is considered as a threat to our health because it is the cause of serious diseases that may cause death, as well as destroying other living organisms such as plants and natural environment.
Source of air pollution can be divided into 2 main causes;
- Air pollution caused by human activities such as demand of energy in household, industrial sector, and agricultural sector, as well as air pollution from car, motored boat, or airplane, which is the cause of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon compound, which directly affect our health. Combustion of these fuels also leads to more pollution every year.
- Air pollution problem due to natural causes such as volcanic eruption causing large quantity of smoke and ashes dispersing in the air. Pollution caused by forest fire causing smoke that is dangerous for respiratory system. Pollution caused by decomposition of animal and plant remains, if chemical reaction takes place, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia will diffuse in the air. And, air pollution caused by dust particles due to an object being hammered, grinded, collided and broken into bits, when there is wind, it will diffuse in the air.
Air Pollution Solution and Prevention;
Air pollution both due to human activity and natural causes are a major problem that requires cooperation from government agency, private organization, and people who have been affected by these problems such as;
- Educate people about the impact of air pollution, and the importance of cleaned air.
- Control quantity of air pollutant from industrial factory in order to control air pollution.
- Upgrade waste disposal system to reduce outdoor garbage burning.
- Campaign for people to take part in preventing air pollution.
- Promote the use of mass transportation and promote the use of transportation system that produces low air pollution.
To prevent air pollution, if the best efficiency is required, cooperation from various parties is needed by instilling conscience in terms of being responsible for the environment together. Besides effective solution, it is also a sustainable solution for air pollution.