Nomeites awoke to the pungent smell of freshly burned wood and the sight of dense fog that was actually smoke from two wildfires burning 430 miles south of Nome near Lake Illiamna.
The National Weather Service has issued a heavy smoke advisory in effect until Friday evening, 10 p.m. The view includes Nome, White Mountain and Golovin. The weather service said in the statement that dense smoke reduced visibility to less than a mile and said the air quality was poor. “People with respiratory illnesses should stay indoors to avoid inhaling smoke,” the statement said.
Norton Sound Health Corporation issued a statement saying, “The best way to reduce your risk of smoke inhalation is to keep indoor air as clean as possible. Stay indoors if you can, with your doors and windows closed. People with respiratory illnesses should stay indoors to avoid inhaling smoke. If you are driving, please slow down, turn on the headlights and leave enough distance in front of you.
The best air quality data comes from a PurpleAir air quality monitor located at Norton Sound Regional Hospital. The monitor measured a value of 750 Friday morning around 9:10. The value has since fallen to 240 as of 4:30 p.m. Friday. However, the low visibility and the pungent smell of burnt wood remain.
According to Environmental Protection Agency guidelines, once the air quality index value exceeds 300, the level of concern is elevated to hazardous and triggers a health warning of emergency conditions. and everyone is more likely to be affected. However, in the absence of an official EPA monitor in the area, no agency issued a warning except for the weather service’s statement which only expressed concern for those suffering. of respiratory diseases and the NSHC advising people to stay indoors. The NSHC also shut down operations across the region, except for emergencies, for the remainder of Friday, as did Kawerak.
Racheal Lee, director of NSHC’s Office of Environmental Health, warns that the PurpleAir outdoor monitor used by NSHC at their facility is not 100% accurate, but can be used as a guide to air quality conditions. .
Rick Thoman, an Alaskan climate scientist at the UAF’s International Arctic Research Center, said the smoke flooding the Seward Peninsula is from the Pike Creek and Koktuli River fires that merged into one. one big fire. He said he never imagined smoke from a fire so far away could cause such poor air quality. Thoman said a 50-mile-long wall of fire north of Lake Illiamna was being pushed by strong south-easterly winds, sweeping a huge amount of land which burned last night. A weakened weather front to the west created the southeasterly winds that fanned the fires and also blew the smoke in a straight line toward the Seward Peninsula and further north. “What you’re breathing in Nome right now are living trees yesterday morning,” Thoman said Friday afternoon. Satellite images showed a thick line of smoke at the site of the wildfires on Thursday and smoke spreading into northwest Alaska on Friday. Social media posts show thick, smoky haze in Nome, Teller, Wales, Diomede, Golovin. As Thoman was stunned by thick smoke choking Nome, about 400 miles from the actual blaze, he delved into data collections of comparable poor air quality in the area. He found that on July 31 and August 1, 1977, a wildfire that burned half a million acres on the Seward Peninsula caused similar poor air quality conditions, although the fire was much closer to Nome.
According to the Alaska Interagency Coordination Center wildfire dashboard, the Koktuli fire is staffed and has so far burned 176,222 acres and the Pike Creek fire has consumed 82,471 acres. at 4:30 p.m. Friday.
Thoman said there is rain on the radar for Nome which will help clear the haze, but the forecast continues to call for aloft southeast winds all weekend, with the potential to bring more haze from other fires in the area. .
According to the Wildfire Dashboard, there are currently 165 active fires in Alaska. This year’s fire season has already burned a record 1,005,196 acres as of June 18, making it the first date in at least 32 years to exceed one million acres. Abnormally hot and dry weather, a result of climate change, has helped ignite fires.
Despite the dense smoke evident in the area, the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation has not issued an air quality advisory for the northwest region. On its Facebook page, it posts air quality advisories for the South-Central, Central, Eastern and Western Interior regions, but not for Norton Strait, Bering Strait or the northern region.


Poor air quality can affect all areas of our lives, including our health, the buildings we live and work in, and our surrounding environment.
Those most at risk from poor air quality are the young, the elderly and those with a pre-existing lung or heart condition.
We are working to reduce air pollution by encouraging cleaner ways to travel, reducing the impact of new developments at the planning stage, investigating complaints of air pollution, and regulating Permitted Processes. We are involved with all aspects of air quality monitoring and pollution control in the Carlisle City Council area.
For more information about air quality, check the DEFRA website. You can also get up to date monitoring data from our two continuous analysers located at Stanwix Bank and Caldewgate.
What is Air Pollution?
Air Pollution is made up a mixture of gases and particles that have been released into the atmosphere by both man-made and natural processes. The sources and chemical behaviour of each separate pollutant are different, making the task of understanding and controlling air pollution as a whole very complex. We are responsible for assessing and reviewing the current and future air quality across the Carlisle area to make sure that it meets national objectives. If we are not meeting standards we provide an action plan showing what we will do to achieve the national standards.
Reducing air pollution
There are many things that you can do to help reduce pollution levels and improve the quality of life for yourself, your family and others.
- Think before you drive: for short trips, why check out walking and cycling routes around the city or use public transport?
- Use the Traveline North East and Cumbria Journey Planner to find out what transport options are available.
- Try not to use your car for short trips because a cold engine can produce more pollution.
- Have your car serviced regularly so that it runs efficiently and saves fuel! You can report a smoky vehicle to VOSA.
- Regularly check your cars tyre pressure to improve fuel consumption.
- Don't leave your engine idling when you are parked or when the car is stationary, such as outside school gates.
- Drive economically. Racing starts and sudden stops increase fuel consumption.
- Don't exceed the speed limit. Emissions rise at higher speeds.
- Think about car sharing - go shopping with neighbours or take a colleague to work or find out about joining a Car Share Club.
Smoke Control Areas
Locations of the smoke control areas within Carlisle are highlighted on our Online Mapping Tool To view the areas on the map, place a tick in the 'Smoke Control Areas' category which is listed in the 'Environmental' section.
In addition to the regularly used “smokeless fuels”, such as gas, electricity and anthracite, there are also appliances which are exempted by law such as ovens, wood burners and stoves. The exemption requirements of the appliance will list the fuels that you are allowed to burn, along with the size and moisture content of such fuels. DEFRA also list several other fuels, which are considered smokeless.
Air Quality Documents
We have a legal duty to periodically review and assess the current and likely future air quality in Carlisle against national air quality standards and objectives. The purpose of the assessment process is to identify areas where it is likely that objectives for the seven common air pollutants will not be met.
Where an air quality objective is not likely to be met we must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and produce an Action Plan outlining how we intend to improve the air quality within that area.
Our review and assessment work has concluded that air quality within the Carlisle district is generally very good. However there are small pockets within the City where the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide is not being met due to road traffic emissions.
Air Quality Management Area (AQMA)
We have declared six Air Quality Management Areas within the City. The maps showing the boundaries of these areas can be downloaded below. As a consequence of this we have produced an Air Quality Action Plan setting out measures we propose to take to help reduce nitrogen dioxide levels within the AQMAs.
The action plan along with all our Review and Assessment Reports can be downloaded from the downloadable document section.


Temperatures currently in the lower 40s should drop into the mid 20s overnight under mainly clear skies and light winds in and around the Beltway. Farther to the north and west, temperatures are presently in the mid to upper 30s, and should fall into the upper teens overnight.
Forecasts For the Next Few Days:
By 8 or 9 AM tomorrow, clouds should begin streaming in from the west, as energy associated with a tiny pocket of mid and upper level energy slides east from the Midwest. High temperatures tomorrow will hover in the lower to mid 30s in and around DC, which will support a few snow showers, which may develop during the late morning and into the late afternoon hours. Some minor snow accumulation is possible on grassy and elevated surfaces, but most roadways should remain snow-free due to above-freezing road temperatures.
Probability of Snow: 40%
Image at right: NAM forecast precipitation for Thursday afternoon showing the possibility of some light snow showers around the metro region. Image courtesy of the Penn State E-Wall
Cold, Canadian air is expected to pour into the region overnight Thursday as a cold front sweeps through the Mid Atlantic. Temperatures early Friday morning will range from 15 around Hagerstown and surrounding areas, to near 20 near Washington, D.C.
Clouds should scour out by mid morning, leaving us with mainly sunny to skies. High temperatures will be in the upper 20s and lower 30s.
Clouds will increase late Friday night and into Saturday morning as a very weak upper level disturbance rotates through the region. At this point, there does not appear to be enough lift to get any precipitation over the mountains. Temperatures will hover around 40.
Paying Attention to What the Forecaster Actually Says:
With the recent forecasts of snow in the metro region, it has gotten to me when people ask me, "hey, the weather channel said there was supposed to be snow last night. How come there was none/How come it didn't stick?"
It seems incredible to me that, with all the precision and time forecasters put into their work, the vast majority of the public really doesn't pay attention to some of the crucial details. Here's a portion of the text forecast for Montgomery county for Thursday from the National Weather Service:
.THURSDAY...MOSTLY CLOUDY WITH SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS. HIGHS IN THE UPPER 30S. NORTHWEST WINDS 10 TO 15 MPH. GUSTS TO 30 MPH IN THE AFTERNOON. CHANCE OF SNOW 40 PERCENT.Seems simple enough, right? Now, take a quick look at the image to the right. It's The Weather Channel's forecast for Thursday. If it DIDN'T snow at all tomorrow, I would bet that most people would say, "the meteorologists got it wrong again. Where was the snow??"
Very few public viewers actually take the time to read the forecast text. Notice that little percentage at the bottom? In the NWS text forecast, this percentage is 40%, and in The Weather Channel's it's 30%. These are known as Probabilities of Precipitation.
Most people think of POP as the percentage of getting precipitation on that day. That, unfortunately, is only one part of the formula. POP is based on two things:
1) The probability that any precipitation will fall in the time period and
2) The predicted areal coverage if precipitation actually develops
So take this hypothetical situation (it would more than likely never happen, but what the heck):
Washington, D.C. records a POP of 20% for 100 consecutive days. If this POP were accurate over the long term, then Washington should have experienced some type of precipitation for 20 of those 100 days (not a great number, right?) The likelihood of precipitation being recorded when the POP is 20% is extremely low.
So, the next time you read or hear a forecast, it would be wise to also look or listen for the Probability of Precipitation. Weather isn't exactly and exact science.


By: Maddy Langemach, Disaster Response Specialist, at HHI
Hurricane Season has begun. The season lasts from June 1 through November 30. Our team tracks hurricanes and storm systems through a number of different sources. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) provides great tools for reading hurricane forecasts.
When NOAA forecasts storms, they classify them in one of these four categories:
D: Tropical Depression – wind speed less than 39 MPH
S: Tropical Storm – wind speed between 39 MPH and 73 MPH
H: Hurricane – wind speed between 74 MPH and 110 MPH
M: Major Hurricane – wind speed greater than 110 MPH
Every year the National Hurricane Center releases names for hurricane systems. In just the first week of Hurricane season, a tropical storm was given the first name Arlene.
Though the season is long, the most destructive hurricanes typically occur between August and October. The DRT also follows the app Hurricane Tracker which provides a number of maps, forecasts, and different hurricane track models, and additionally the updates are also available on this Facebook group.


1972 LICENCIATURA 17 valores
1978 MESTRADO with honours
1981 DOUTORAMENTO with higher distinction
1990 AGREGAÇÃO Approved
The research interests are concerned to the integrated studies of physico-chemical atmospheric processes, including the meteorological aspects, the atmospheric pollutants production and dispersion and their fluxes between the atmosphere and the other ambient reservoirs. These studies are based on mathematical and physical modelling, in wind tunnel. The projects include the development of air quality mathematical models; the development of numerical models for atmospheric impact assessment of industrial units; heavy gas dispersion and industrial risk assessment from accidents; atmospheric pollution and changes in the atmospheric pattern circulations, induced by forest fires; the analysis of coastal breezes effects on air quality; climate change mitigation and adaptation as co-benefit for air pollution, from the regional to local scale (using nature-based solutions); circular economy in cities.
Scopus Author ID: 7006512813


Main / Transportation / Presentation on global warming
Presentation on global warming
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17 May Global warming has become perhaps the most complicated issue facing world nowadays. 24 May What Is Global Warming?Global warming is when the earth heats up and the temperature increasesMore recently, the temperatures. 13 Jul Global Warming. GLOBAL WARMING · Global Warming an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth ' s.
24 Sep its a very short ppt on global warming. WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING An increase in the earth's average atmospheric temperature that causes. potentially causing “runaway global warming”. billion metric tons CO2/yr. These greenhouse gases last a long time Warming begets more warming. Presentation on Global Warming - Causes, Impact & Solution by panawala in Types > Research > Business & Economics, Health, and Finance.
Global Warming Presentation - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation .ppt), PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or view presentation slides online. Global Warming. 2. EGEE - Pisupati. 3. Greenhouse Gases. Carbon dioxide. combustion of solid waste, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), and wood. 2 Mar Presentation of the reader "Stop Global Warming", Richmond Publishing. Presentation by Ben White. Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the midth century, and its projected . Global temperatures. which causes Climate Change. GLOBAL WARMING IS ALSO CALLED: THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT! So what is a greenhouse?.
This presentation can be downloaded at oldiessuperhighway.com Or, Google “burt rutan climate change”. * Catastrophic Anthropogenic Global Warming. (global climate. PowerPoint slide on Presentation For Global Warming compiled by Barun Sarkar. Global Warming and Its. Effects on the World. What Is Global Warming? Global warming is the warming of the earth through carbon dioxide (CO2) being pumped . GLOBAL WARMING. by Rowena Renon-Adalla. Living Environment Teacher. Bronx High School for the Visual Arts. Lesson Phases. Phase 1- Learning The.


At BRE we carry out monitoring, testing and remediation of indoor air, outdoor air, vapour intrusion, radon, ventilation and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
We have expertise of a wide range of air quality issues including:
- Indoor air quality - identifying and quantifying pollutants (e.g. volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gases and particles), their sources, health risks and the action required, dealing with odour problems, assessing materials' emissions, the risks of vapour intrusion from contaminated land, radon, ventilation, damp and combustion products.
- Outdoor air pollution - minimising its impact on indoor air quality, dealing with the effects on buildings - (i.e. the degradation and biodeterioration of building facades), - predicting pollutant emission and dispersion, measuring air pollutants, and controlling dust from construction and demolition sites.
- Air quality monitoring - measuring a wide range of air pollutants, including gases, particles and VOCs. Measurements are used to demonstrate compliance with current health-related and environmental standards, and also for troubleshooting for buildings with air quality problems.
- Ventilation measurement - using a variety of measurement techniques to quantify building ventilation rates for comparison with standards and requirements.
- Aircraft cabin air quality - helping airlines and airframers around the world to deal with aviation air quality and comfort issues.
- Materials emissions - identifying, measuring and minimising emissions from, for example, building components, materials, paints, office equipment, furnishings, combustion appliances and consumer products.
- We can measure emissions using ISO 16000-10 to demonstrate compliance with the French legislation of 19th April 2011 concerning the labelling of VOC emissions from construction products or coverings of walls and floors and paints and varnishes. "Arrêté du 19 avril 2011 relatif à l'étiquetage des produits de construction ou de revêtement de mur ou de sol et des peintures et vernis sur leurs émissions de polluants volatils."


The association between indoor air quality and overall health can be a complicated one, with all the very first right affecting the second. Even the grade of the air you breathe inside can have lots of different results on your wellbeing. This is exactly the reason increasing the air quality within your house or business office can enhance your health somewhat.
In door atmosphere that contains hazardous particulates and sometimes even moderate heights of atmosphere pollution could trigger several health difficulties, a few of which come about soon after exposure and many others that do not introduce themselves until several years following the exposure has occurred How is the air in Chennai.
What causes Poor Indoor Air Quality
The primary reason for poor indoor air quality is the sourced elements of indoor pollution which release pollutants, pollutants, or toxic compounds into the air. Ventilation that’s inadequate may compound the issue by dividing the pollutants in the indoor atmosphere and neglecting to dilute the emissions together with air that is fresh. In the event the temperature level or humidity level is high, it might cause an boost in the concentration of certain pollutants.
Which Exactly Are the consequences of Poor Indoor Air Quality?
Health problems linked to bad indoor air quality can arise right after exposure or years after, depending on the types of contamination the individual is exposed to and the quantity inhaled.
The instantaneous results of breathing lousy excellent air inside include nausea, headaches, fatigue, and irritation of the eyes, throat and nose. These impacts are usually short time period and may fade as air quality is significantly improved, normally by raising ventilation and utilizing high quality air filters to remove contaminates from your air.
Poor interior quality of atmosphere can also exacerbate the indicators of several frequent health issues, such as asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, causing the affected person’s condition to deteriorate immediately after vulnerability. In many instances, anyone’s condition will boost once the individual’s exposure to this origin of the in door air pollution is expunged.
Inadequate quality of air inside can also lead to longterm health problems, with signs and symptoms regularly turning up a long time soon after long or repeated periods of vulnerability to air pollutants that are harmful. Many of the longterm health effects related to poor indoor air quality may be seriously painful or even lethal, for example coronary disease, some respiratory illnesses, and assorted varieties of cancers.
Require Action to Improve Indoor Air Excellent
Distinct men and women react differently to exposure to indoor pollutants that are airborne, so it’s advisable to try to enhance the overall caliber of air to stop anybody from being affected by hazardous contaminants in the atmosphere. Identifying the origin of the air pollution, employing a professional to identify and remediate molds and other pollutants, consulting with your physician and deciding upon an air purifier that is effective at removing contaminants out of the air can help be certain that the man or woman won’t carry on to experience negative health outcomes because of indoor pollutants at the atmosphere.


We are witnessing a pivotal moment in a decades-long effort to combat climate change. Last year in Paris, world leaders came together for the first time to commit to keeping global warming below 2°C. With the Paris Agreement in force and negotiators at COP22 in Marrakesh teasing out the details of implementing the Agreement, countries are developing their action plans (or Nationally Determined Contributions, NDCs) to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Part of this is looking at how carbon assets could be traded across borders.
Sourced through Scoop.it from: blogs.worldbank.org


Chilean growers gear up for El Niño
After a bout of La Niña and three years of drought, Chilean agriculture is anxiously awaiting a spell of El Niño to arrive. The industry hopes it could bring beneficial rains with it to help refill reservoirs, groundwater and reduce the country’s water deficit. However, there could potentially be disease damages if rains are intense, while more extreme temperatures in the Atacama desert could have impacts too.
Dr. Rodrigo Cazanga from Chile’s Natural Resources Information Center (CIREN), says El Niño may just be transient and not have a great impact on the nation’s water problems, but there could be other benefits.
“It is estimated that from Atacama to Maule the rain conditions will increase compared to last winter, but they could have levels considered normal for the time of year, or in other words it won’t rain more than a normal year,” he says.
The phenomenon is due to arrive in Chile in mid-August and carry on through to December. Cazanga says it will lead to more extreme maximum and minimum temperatures in the Atacama region, while there shouldn’t be significant variations in the south-central zone.
From the Bio Bio region to the south, it is expected temperatures will be lower than normal.
Cazanga says the arrival of El Niño will be positive for the fruit sector but it does carry risks if the phenomenon comes with intensity in the spring.
“If the rains are very heavy, diseases that affect crops and flowering could spread and develop, as temperatures will be higher than in previous periods with more moisture.
He cites some potential threats as venturia disease for pome fruit and botrytis for grapes.
“Growers need to be prepared to control these diseases, which could be favored by these conditions of humidity and temperature.”
According to the Meteorological Office of Chile, the accumulated rainfall for the quarter of July, August and September will be around normal historic levels.
The regions of Bio Bio and Los Lagos are set for higher rainfall, while the office does not rule out intense rain events throughout the country.


Lightning is a bright flash of electricity produced by a thunderstorm. All thunderstorms produce lightning and are very dangerous. If you hear the sound of thunder, then you are in danger from lightning. Lightning kills and injures more people each year than hurricanes or tornadoes; between 75 to 100 people.
Several tornadoes touched down in Oklahoma during spring storms that resulted in ominous cloud formation on May 18, according to reports. This spectacular video recorded by Mary Brinkley shows lightning shooting across the sky in Norman, Oklahoma.
Watch closely and you will see the step leaders heading down from the cloud. These are rarely visible and last only a few thousandths of a second. Note that one reaches the ground and this is the path that the much brighter lightning bolt follows.


Joseph Canning |email@example.com
Since the end of August, natural disasters have disrupted the lives of thousands. Three hurricanes—Harvey, Irma, and Maria—made continuous assaults that caught some regions in their destructive winds while people there were just beginning to pick up the pieces from the last storm.
With the tragic news that the hurricanes have created in newspapers and social media, many were left wondering how these storms seemed to pop up so suddenly and with such severity. Why are so many hurricanes forming so quickly?
The making of a monster
The Ranger News interviewed UW-Parkside geoscience professor Rachel Headley about the science behind the recent hurricanes.
“Hurricanes form with the evaporation of warm ocean water,” said Headley. Water needs to be approximately 80 degrees Fahrenheit or above for hurricane formation. The professor noted that the storms’ rotation arises when “surface winds that are converging with warm ocean water [are] pushed along by a higher-level wind.”
Hurricanes are then continuously fueled by the evaporation of increasingly more ocean water. As the vapor is sucked upwards into the storm, it gradually loses its heat, and as it falls it gains some of this heat back and gets sucked upwards again. This reciprocating motion is what allows these storms to have so much energy.
Headley stated that heat was the key to hurricane formation. The Atlantic hurricane season—lasting from June to the end of November—is when most hurricanes form “mainly due to the [higher] water temperature and directionality of the wind.”
The role of climate change
The severity of Harvey in particular prompted many questions regarding the role of climate change in the creation of destructive storms and if worse storms can be expected in the coming years. The professor asserted that “no one storm can be attributed to climate change; you can’t do that.”
While most scientists who study weather believe climate change is significantly affecting the formation of these storms, climate change itself is not causing them. Instead, a clear trend is emerging. Headley said, “in the future there might be more storms, there might not be, but what is uniform across the board… is that more hurricanes will be strong hurricanes.”
She and the meteorologists and climatologists who study tropical storms’ relation to climate change are not just speculating: they are basing these claims off decades worth of accumulated data. Scientists continue to use ever more complex models computer models that reveal how slightly higher global temperatures, shifted ocean currents, or higher sea levels could affect storm formation.
A professor’s perspective
When asked if she wanted UW-Parkside students to keep anything in mind about the implications of climate change, professor Headley urged a global view: “Even if you’re in area that won’t be directly affected… we shouldn’t lose track of the people.”


|Where Lightning Strikes|
Lightning likes Florida, the Himalayas and central Africa. It hates the oceans, Pacific Islands and the poles because low-lying air rarely heats up enough to generate thunderstorms, and the air masses there are consistant in temperature so rarely generate fronts and clashes.
NASA researchers put the data together by using two weather satellites equipped with special near-infrared detectors that spotted lightning hits even in the daytime.
"For the first time, we've been able to map the global distribution
of lightning," said Hugh Christian, a lightning scientist at NASA's
Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. "These optical
sensors use high-speed cameras to look for changes in the tops of clouds,
changes your eyes can't see."
Florida experiences a particularly high number of strikes because westward
breezes from the Atlantic Ocean and eastward gusts from the Gulf of Mexico
create frequent thunderstorms. More people get killled by lightning in
Florida per year than in any other state - about 10 a year. The satellite
data suggest some seasonal patterns in the sky bolts, simply meaning the
storms are seasonal, too. In the Northern Hemisphere, strikes tend to
take place in the summer. Around the equator, most appear in the spring
A bit of trivia for you (I'm a hopeless trivia addict) -


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According to weather experts Hudhud is expected to hit parts of Chhattisgarh with strong winds and heavy to very heavy rainfall which may cause damage in norther Bastar and Raipur too.
Hence, to safeguard passengers from cyclonic impact, Durg-Jagdalpur express on Saturday and Samta express, Vishakapatna-Lokmanyatilak express, Vishakapatnam-Korba express and Korba-Vishakapatnam express on Sunday have been cancelled.Nearly 35 other trains are expected to keep diverted via other routes on Sunday.
Stay updated on the go with The Times of India's mobile apps. Click here to download it for your device.


NEW DELHI: A PMO-led panel has directed implementing agencies and National Capital Region (NCR) states to intensify anti-pollution measures up to mid November so that there is immediate impact on air quality, according to officials.
The high-level task force led by the principal secretary to the Prime Minister held a meeting on Thursday to analyse factors contributing to the deterioration of air quality in the last week of October, the situation in the run up to Diwali and till mid November.
It also reviewed the measures being taken by various agencies to control dust emission in the Delhi-NCR region, a Delhi government official who attended the meeting said.
Secretaries of central ministries concerned, Delhi’s chief secretary, Central Pollution Control Board chairman, senior officers of Punjab and Haryana, and municipal commissioners of Delhi attended the meeting, the official said.
“After assessing the overall situation, particularly since crop burning incidents in Punjab and Haryana are being reported in significant numbers, the principal secretary to the prime minister issued a number of directions to intensify action being taken on the ground up to mid November so that there is immediate impact on air quality,” he said.
Two days before Diwali, the national capital’s air quality dropped to the season’s worst on Friday, with the decreased wind speed leading to accumulation of pollutants and affecting dispersion.
The city’s overall air quality index (AQI) stood at 315 at 8:30am on Friday, while it was 311 on Thursday evening.
Most of the places in the national capital recorded the AQI in the “very poor” category, while the situation inched towards “severe” in some areas.
The Supreme Court-mandated Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority also banned construction work at night in Delhi-NCR from October 26 to 30 and closure of industries that have not switched to piped natural gas.


Multicomponent nucleation on aerosol particles containing both soluble and insoluble substances.
Gorbunov, B. and Hamilton, Ron (1996) Multicomponent nucleation on aerosol particles containing both soluble and insoluble substances. In: Nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. Kulmala, Markku and Wagner, Paul E., eds. Elsevier, pp. 153-156. ISBN 9780080420301
Full text is not in this repository.
A model of multicomponent nucleation on aerosol particles, which consist of soluble and insoluble substances, has been developed. The model links interfacial free energies of the surfaces and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles with the ability of the aerosols to form cloud droplets in metastable media that contain water vapour and other relevant gases.
|Item Type:||Book Section|
|Research Areas:||A. > School of Science and Technology > Natural Sciences|
|Depositing User:||Ms Jyoti Zade|
|Date Deposited:||24 May 2010 07:30|
|Last Modified:||13 Oct 2016 14:19|
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With northeastern China already under a cold wave, snow began falling November 5 and continued for days. The storm was expected to let up by November 12, with temperatures rising above freezing in parts of Liaoning Province. The snowfall has broken records kept since 1951.
The snow comes at the end of the corn harvest and in the early part of the marketing season for the corn crop in northeastern provinces--China's main corn surplus region. Snow and ice have closed down many roads, disrupting transportation of corn from the northeastern provinces to other parts of the country. The prospect of tighter supplies nudged prices upward. The May futures contract for corn on China's Dalian exchange rose 0.7% to RMB2734 per metric ton.
The snow also threatens to degrade the quality of the corn crop. Melting snow could raise the moisture of corn piled in farmers' courtyards, promoting growth of mold.
A notice issued by Jilin Province's grain bureau instructs corn trading companies to go door to door buying corn, offer corn-drying services, and store grain on farmers' behalf to hasten sale of the corn crop and preserve its quality.
China's National Weather Center predicts more severe cold weather for January and February with high precipitation in northern provinces and low precipitation in the south. Widespread cold and snowfall in northeastern provinces could add more disruptions to grain marketing. Farmers have been advised to take into account possible weather disruptions when deciding when to sell grain.


The America’s Cup World Series fleet can expect more strong breeze when racing starts this week.
The strong w-sw sea breeze that caused the damage on Saturday moderated early in the week, but by Thursday – first race day for Dean Barker and crew – it will be back to its boat-breaking best.
Emirates Team New Zealand meteorologist Roger (Clouds) Badham says that at this time of the year San Francisco weather comes in three to five day cycles. Locals say the best weather is in September/October.
“The breeze is stronger at the beginning of the cycle and moderates towards the end. The primary driver is the cold current (about 10-11deg C) that comes down the coast.
At night, cold and damp air brings fog into low-lying areas of the harbour. Further inland, unaffected by the fog, the land heats rapidly during the day bringing on the sea breeze which affects the harbour east of the Golden Gate bridge.
“West of the Golden Gate bridge there is no sea breeze,” Clouds says.
Over three-four days, the layer of cloud thickens and settles as fog further inland. This limits the heating effect during the day and, consequently, the sea breeze is not so strong.”
‘We will see this over the next couple of days; it will be slightly cooler and the breeze slightly less dynamic.”
The breeze is not constant across the bay. On the northern side its mean speed is typically stronger -20 knots plus. On the southern shore may be 15 – 20 knots but the gusts will equal those to the north.
And the temperatures? Around the harbour perhaps 15-16 degrees; in the eastern suburbs of San Francisco it is hot – 30 plus degrees – creating ideal conditions for the sea breeze to develop.


A primary source results from the direct emissions from an air pollution source can be dominated by mobile sources in cities such as los angeles (usa), tel. Agriculture is a major source of nox pollution in california sources of nox pollution, several of the united states' worst–air quality districts. Air quality index: cleanest and dirtiest us cities air quality of cities is reported indoor combustion: major source of indoor air pollution the major source of . Pollution is a serious problem throughout north america this lesson gives you the effects of these sources of air pollution are potentially many for instance. The trump administration is lifting key controls on toxic air pollution pollution sources that are regulated under this major sources standard are assistant vice president for national policy at the american lung association,.
Main article: air pollution in the united states natural sources of air pollution include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen. In 35 major us cities, the total number of days with unhealthy air clinical effects of air pollution on the central nervous system a review. Sources of air pollutant emissions vary from one area to another grouped by major source sectors are available for each of these pollutants.
Be air aware know what you're breathing graphic showing health effects of fine particle air pollution and ground level ozone on the human exposure to air. The company would produce pollutants that create smog racine county would represent a major new source of air pollution in an area already in december, the us environmental protection agency made a preliminary. Smog is bad for our health, and vocs also cause problems indoors (where the average american spends most of their time) saw the largest reduction in vocs out of the other outdoor sources like industrial processes.
The gaseous air pollutants of primary concern in urban settings include sulfur air pollutants because of their very harmful effects on human health the six major air pollutants listed above have been designated by the us. Air pollution causes 200,000 early deaths each year in the us “there's a realization that air pollution is a major problem in any city, and. Washington, dc — emissions from farms outweigh all other human sources of fine-particulate air pollution in much of the united states,.
A growing body of evidence links air pollution to serious health impacts, including asthma – almost double the national average (american lung association of georgia) in atlanta, the biggest source of the chemical that causes ozone pollution 201 west main street, suite 14, charlottesville, va 22902 | 434-977- 4090. The main air pollution sources of concern for the citizens of port alberni are: and commercial printers throughout north america, south america, and asia. Two of the pollutants of the greatest concern from a public health perspective are fine particulate matter and ozone sources of pm25 include direct emissions.
Paints have been revealed as a major source of air pollution comparable the noaa is a scientific agency within the us government that. Under the clean air act, epa establishes air quality standards to 8 major source sector and provides more detail about which sources are. Urban air pollution – what are the main sources across the world in north america, western europe, turkey and the republic of korea.
Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact about 4 percent of deaths in the united states can be attributed to air pollution, according to the environmental vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide. Coal-fired power plants are a major source of airborne mercury pollution • the big brown steam every year, air pollution kills tens of thousands of americans.
The health consequences of air pollution are often distributed unequally amongst a given area's. For 366000 premature deaths in the country in 2013, chinese and american researchers concluded the researchers' primary aim was to identify the main sources of air pollution leading to premature deaths in china. Industrial processes often concentrated in the cities, are the primary sources of air pollution in latin american cities the air quality standards established in such.Download


In Oklahoma, it’s no surprise to see more than one type of weather across the state in one day, and that is exactly what happened on Wednesday.
The day after Christmas brought widespread precipitation across the state of Oklahoma. Most of Oklahoma saw rain and thunderstorms, which brought up to 2 inches in rainfall for places across North Central Oklahoma. Some of the storms caused the National Weather Service in Norman to issue flood warnings and severe thunderstorm warnings for areas around Oklahoma City and south. Rain wasn’t the only form of precipitation in Oklahoma on Wednesday, areas in the Oklahoma Panhandle in Texas and Cimarron Counties are dealing with widespread heavy snow that has caused highways such as U.S. 54 from Guymon to the Texas State Line.
For Northern Oklahoma, the forecast shows that there is not a chance of rain in the next six days. If future weather is to impact the area and causes closings and cancellations, you can pass the information to [email protected].


A new metric for measuring methane being championed by the livestock industry could allow big polluters to minimise their methane emissions and avoid climate action, reveals a new report published by the Changing Markets Foundation today.
The briefing shows that using GWP* to measure the heating impact of short lived greenhouse gases instead of the current metric, GWP100, could radically alter how livestock emissions are assessed. For example:
- Fonterra, the largest dairy exporter in the world, could claim no net warming with a 17% reduction in emissions by 2030 using GWP*. With a 30% reduction it could claim to be removing 19 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent from the atmosphere each year however estimates using GWP100 suggest it would still be emitting over 21 million tonnes of emissions annually – similar to the annual emissions of Sri Lanka.
- Tyson, one of the world’s largest processors of chicken, beef, and pork, could use GWP* to claim that a 30% reduction in emissions by 2030 means it is removing 82.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent from the atmosphere a year yet calculations using GWP100 suggest it would still be emitting 58.5 million tonnes annually – similar to the annual emissions of Peru.
- New Zealand could claim to be methane negative – minus 1 million tonnes of methane a year – with a 10% reduction in methane emissions by 2038 using GWP*. Yet estimates using GWP100 reveal the country would still be emitting 30 million tonnes of methane each year. Over half of New Zealand’s emissions come from agriculture.
The report also highlights the significant pressure from meat and dairy corporations, farm lobby groups, and countries with large livestock sectors for policy makers to adopt the metric. For example:
- Ireland: Internal documents released under a Freedom of Information request reveal the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine is keen to adopt GWP* amid concerns that it will need to reduce herd numbers to meet its climate commitments and that it has been advocating for GWP* at the international level including during discussions on the adoption of the Global Methane Pledge.
- New Zealand: The Federated Farmers of New Zealand, Dairy New Zealand, Meat Industry New Zealand and Beef & Lamb New Zealand have been lobbying for the government to adopt GWP* and push for its use in international climate negotiations. The government is currently reviewing the use of metrics.
- United States: The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, a trade group representing cattle producers and meat companies such as Tyson and McDonalds, has used the metric to argue that American cattle ‘may not be contributing much at all to global warming’ and says it is working with the International Beef Alliance – which is composed primarily of meat trade associations from North America, Latin America and Australasia – ‘to ensure that everybody is working towards adoption of GWP*.’
- IPCC: 16 agricultural organisations from the UK and New Zealand have also called for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to consider using GWP* to measure non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions. The National Farmers Union and the British Meat Producers Association have also lobbied the UK Committee on Climate Change about the metric.
GWP* measures the warming potential of changes in the rate of emissions between two points in time. Governments and the IPCC currently use GWP100 to measure the warming potential of total greenhouse gas emissions over a 100 year period (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents). The state of New York recently moved to GWP20 emissions accounting to better reflect the severity of methane pollution in the short term, and the benefits of reducing it quickly.
Proponents of GWP* say it better accounts for the short lived nature of methane however there are significant problems with its application. For example, because GWP* measures the rate of change in emissions, countries which increase livestock herds from a low base – often in the Global South – would be viewed as more polluting than major emitters with large but relatively stable herds. While corporations with high but stable methane emissions could claim to be climate neutral or even climate negative based on minor reductions in methane emissions.
Methane has around 28 times the heating impact of carbon dioxide over a 100 year period and around 80 times over a 20 year period. Livestock farming is the single largest source of methane from human activity, accounting for 0.5C of warming since pre-industrial times. Under current policies, emissions from agriculture are expected to increase by between 5 – 16% by 2030 compared to 2020 levels.
Nusa Urbancic, Director of Changing Markets Foundation said: “GWP* will allow the world’s biggest methane polluter to downplay emissions and dodge climate action. It will penalise poor countries that are expanding livestock production from a low base while rewarding the world’s biggest industrial livestock producers with millions of heads of cattle. Reducing methane is the fastest way to limit global warming – governments need to seize this opportunity and reject GWP*. ”
Jennifer Jacquet, Professor of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Miami and author of ‘The Playbook – How to Deny Science, Sell Lies, and Make a Killing in the Corporate World’, said: “The industry is using all kinds of magic math as it hopes to maintain herd sizes and continue avoiding any regulatory oversight, but governments should not fall for these fuzzy metrics — reducing absolute methane emissions from animal agriculture is imperative and we have no time to spare.”
Changing Markets Foundation CEO Nusa Urbancic (EN, SI, FR), +44 74 79 015 909
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Ithaca Climate Summary for February 1999
- With an average temperature of 28.1 degrees, the month of February 1999 averaged 5.5 degrees warmer than normal.
- Fourteen of the last fifteen months have had a monthly temperature that averaged warmer than normal.
- This was the third consecutive February that was warmer than normal.
- The warmest temperature of the month was 64 degrees on the 12th.
- The coldest temperature of the month was -5 degrees on the 23rd.
- Two maximum temperature records were set during the month. A high of 56 degrees on the 11th broke the record for the date of 55 degrees set in 1932 and a high of 64 degrees the following day broke the record of 58 degrees set in 1880.
- February precipitation totalled 0.87 inches, which was 44% of normal.
- This was the 11th driest February since records began in 1879 and the driest since 1987.
- February snowfall totalled 9.8 inches, which was 4.9 inches less than the monthly normal.
- The greatest depth of snow on the ground at any point during the month was 3 inches on several days.
- Seasonal snowfall stands at 38.8 inches, which is 14 inches below the normal through this point in the season.
Keith L. Eggleston (firstname.lastname@example.org)
Northeast Regional Climate Center


Indoor air quality is a hot topic in the workplace. The current push toward greater transparency and accountability in workplace conditions has resulted in many organizations improving their indoor air quality policies, procedures, and practices. Organizations must work towards a policy that prevents unhealthy working conditions from occurring in the first place. This article will discuss how indoor air quality can hinder or help employee’s cognitive abilities.
1. Increased risk for chronic diseases
In addition to having a slower response time and reduced cognitive function, employees who work in environments with even low levels of air pollution are at an increased risk for chronic diseases such as heart disease and stroke. Studies have also shown that people exposed to high levels of air pollution in the workplace are very likely to develop chronic diseases.
2. Impairs learning and memory
Another consequence of poor indoor air quality can be the impairment of learning and memory. Studies have shown that exposure to low levels of air pollution can reduce the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, which is responsible for learning and memory. In addition, air pollution can also increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells in the brain and reduce cognitive function.
3. Difficulty concentrating and staying focused
In addition to having a decreased ability to focus and concentrate, employees who work in environments with low levels of air pollution are also more likely to experience difficulty staying focused. Exposure to low levels of air pollution has been shown to reduce employees’ concentration level, working memory, and task switching abilities. One study found that employees who worked in an environment with high levels of air pollution could switch between tasks less quickly than employees who worked in an environment with no air pollution.
4. Increased risk for respiratory problems
Employees working in environments with high levels of air pollution are also at an increased risk for respiratory problems. Studies have shown that exposure to high levels of air pollution can increase the severity of asthma, increase the number of respiratory infections, and increase the amount of mucus in the lungs. In addition, exposure to low levels of air pollution has increased the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
5. Impairment of cognitive abilities
The concentration of air pollutants in indoor environments can also harm cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that employees working in polluted environments are more likely to experience problems with memory and concentration. In addition, studies have also shown that employees working in contaminated environments are more likely to experience difficulties with problem-solving and decision-making. While it is clear that indoor air quality can harm employees’ health, it is also clear that it can impair their cognitive abilities. As organizations strive to create healthier working environments, they should consider the impact that poor indoor air quality has on employee productivity.
Poor indoor air quality can have several negative consequences on cognitive function, including difficulty concentrating and staying focused, impaired learning and memory, and increased risk for respiratory problems. To protect employees from these adverse effects, employers should improve the air quality in their workplaces. This way employees can see reduced risks of developing chronic illnesses, better cognitive function and memory, as well as more productivity when working.


Particle-based ambient air pollution causes more than 4 million premature deaths each year globally, according to the World Health Organization. The tiniest particles—2.5 microns or smaller, known as PM2.5—pose the greatest health risk because they can travel deep into the lungs and may even get into the bloodstream.
Although total PM2.5 levels have decreased 42 percent in the U.S. since 2000 as a result of clean air regulations, scientists are concerned about the health impacts of even low levels of such pollution. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lowered the annual national air quality standard for PM2.5 from 12 to nine micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) this week. EPA administrator Michael Regan said in a press conference that officials estimate the new standard will save up to $46 billion dollars in avoided health care and hospitalization costs by 2032. “Health benefits will include up to 800,000 avoided cases of asthma symptoms, 4,500 avoided premature deaths, and 290,000 avoided lost workdays,” he said. The World Health Organization adopted an even lower 5 µg/m3 standard in 2021, citing the growing evidence of deadly harm.
Beyond investigating their size, scientists are also digging into the chemistry of airborne particles, which, unlike other regulated pollutants such as lead and ozone, encompass a wide array of solid and liquid particles from soot to nitrate. Some airborne particles are directly emitted from car tailpipes or industrial sources; others form in the atmosphere. And the balance of those is shifting. To help states meet the tougher air standards, scientists will need more detailed studies of particle sources.
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In July 2022, for the first time in more than a decade, teams of scientists conducted an intensive campaign to characterize what’s in the summertime soup of particles that New York City residents breathe. The researchers measured the chemical makeup of PM2.5 over the course of a month.
The team found that the PM2.5 was 80 to 83 percent organic, or carbon-based—up from roughly 50 percent in 2001, according to the study, which was published January 22 in ACS ES&T Air. “Over the past 20 years, summertime particulate matter has shifted to organic aerosols due largely to the successful reductions of sulfate and other inorganic compounds,” says Tori Hass-Mitchell, the study’s lead author and a doctoral student at Yale University.
Roughly 76 percent of the total organic aerosols measured by the study in New York City were not directly emitted from a source but rather formed in the atmosphere. These so-called secondary organic aerosols are produced when gases, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxidize in the atmosphere. VOCs are produced by a wide range of sources such as cars, vegetation and household chemicals, including cosmetics and cleaners, which complicates efforts to identify the most impactful sources.
Hass-Mitchell and colleagues’ paper is the first to include data from the Atmospheric Science and Chemistry Measurement Network (ASCENT)—a network of 12 sites around the U.S. that is the first long-term monitoring system able to chemically characterize distinct particle types. Sally Ng, who led the design of the $12-million, National Science Foundation–funded network, says Europe has had similar measurement capabilities for more than five years. “It’s time for the U.S. to modernize its air quality measurement infrastructure,” says Ng, an aerosol scientist at the Georgia Institute of Technology and a co-author of the New York City study.
Recent studies have shown that secondary organic aerosols may be linked to serious health problems—especially cardiovascular disease. A study published last September in Environmental Science & Technology found that as organic aerosols oxidize, they produce highly reactive molecules that can break down human cells and cause tissue damage. Oxidized organic aerosols are the most toxic organic component of PM2.5, Ng says. And her work suggests that secondary organic aerosols become more toxic the longer they oxidize in the atmosphere.
Havala Pye, an EPA research scientist, co-authored a separate 2021 Nature study that found that secondary organic aerosols are strongly associated with county-level heart and lung disease death rates in the U.S. Secondary organic aerosols were associated with a 6.5 times higher mortality rate than PM2.5.
“There’s a good chance the aerosols are becoming more toxic on a per mass basis, and secondary organic aerosols would be part of the reason why,” says Allen Robinson, an atmospheric scientist at Colorado State University, who was not involved in the new research or Pye’s study. In other words, breathing more oxidized aerosols may be more toxic to humans. But the literature looking at health effects of individual components of PM2.5 is messy, Robinson notes. More work is needed to unravel the impact of complex combinations of different particle sizes and chemistries in PM2.5, he explains. Pye also cautions that consistent results from repeated experiments are needed to verify whether secondary organic aerosols carry significantly greater health risks than other particles that make up PM2.5.
Will a warming climate worsen air pollution health risks?
Previous studies have found that warmer temperatures can lead to greater production of these secondary organic aerosols. Hass-Mitchell and colleagues found in the new study that secondary organic aerosol production increased by 60 percent and 42 percent in Queens and Manhattan, respectively, during a sweltering five-day heat wave in July 2022. “We should expect higher health burdens as temperatures rise in a warming climate, with potentially more frequent extreme heat events in the future,” Hass-Mitchell says.
“Secondary organic aerosols are an increasingly important contributor to particulate matter in the summertime and urban air quality, and [they have] a temperature sensitivity that is really important to keep in mind in the context of future climate scenarios,” says Drew Gentner, a chemical and environmental engineer at Yale University and senior author of the new paper. These compounds “are becoming more oxidized at higher temperatures,” he adds, and increased temperatures can cause greater emissions of reactive volatile organic compounds.
And as temperatures increase amid climate change, more frequent and severe wildfires have already begun to chip away at air quality gains in western states. Although Hass-Mitchell and colleagues didn’t observe smoke from wildfires in the summer of 2022, they expect that organic aerosols from wildfires—such as those in the smoke that choked much of the Northeast and Midwest last summer—will also play a major role as the climate changes.
Many other cities, such as Los Angeles, Atlanta and Seoul, have also documented an increasing proportion of PM2.5 from secondary organic aerosols. But the exact mix of natural versus human-produced sources varies widely from city to city. To continue reducing PM2.5, “we need to understand the underlying sources and chemistry contributing to secondary organic aerosol production,” Gentner says.
Until the early 2000s, both the tools to measure secondary organic aerosols and the understanding of their formation were limited, says Benjamin Nault, a co-author of the New York City study and a research scientist at Johns Hopkins University. Currently, most instruments are designed to measure either the size or the chemistry of aerosols but not both, he says. Scientists rely on models to determine how much secondary organic aerosol comes from, for example, live vegetation, asphalt or cooking. But it’s unclear whether some sources are more harmful than others. “There are different signatures for the chemicals that come from taking a shower versus painting [a house],” he says. “Now we’re trying to understand how they come together in an urban environment.”
And that improved understanding is leading to more nuanced pollution research. “As aerosol studies advance, with increasing capabilities to examine the various chemical components of aerosols, we can ask important questions about the relative impact of those components on air quality, human health and the environment,” Gentner says. “It may be less straightforward to address secondary organic aerosol sources compared to primary sources of pollution, but studies [like ours] demonstrate that secondary organic aerosols are the biggest contributor in some urban areas.”
Reporting for this piece was supported by the Nova Institute for Health.


A Winter Storm Watch predicting 10-20 inches of snow on Friday. Looks like the lapping day may be at risk.
Statement as of 6:39 AM MDT on April 15, 2009
A Winter Storm Watch remains in effect from Thursday evening through Saturday morning.
A chance of mixed snow and rain is expected for much of Thursday night before changing over to snow by early Friday morning. Heavy snow is possible over the urban corridor Palmer Ridge and western Weld County on Friday continuing into Saturday morning. Possible accumulations could range from 10 to 20 inches of heavy wet snow. Strong north northeast winds of 15 to 35 mph are also expected late Thursday night into Saturday morning.
Motorsport Safety Foundation Certification - Recently an organization has emerged hoping to bring some standardization to high-performance driver education by establishing a system for training and ce...
5 months ago


While autumn sea ice growth is in full swing, brief pauses are not unusual. Starting November 22, the ice growth stalled almost completely for five days as a series of storms guided an atmospheric river into the Arctic, transporting warm, moist air.
Overview of conditions
Arctic sea ice extent for November 2023 averaged 9.66 million square kilometers (3.73 million square miles), tying with 2006 for seventh lowest in the 45-year satellite record (Figure 1a). Overall, during November, sea ice extent increased by 70,800 thousand square kilometers (27,300 square miles) per day, slightly faster than the 1981 to 2010 average of 69,500 square kilometers (26,800 square miles) per day (Figure 1b). Freeze up temporarily stalled starting November 22, as several cyclones brought warm, moist air into the north Atlantic. The strong winds helped to push the ice edge in the East Greenland and Barents Seas northwards, limiting new ice formation. A cyclone in the Bering Sea around this time also pushed the ice edge polewards in the Chukchi Sea. Ice growth for November occurred all along the margins of the Arctic Ocean, dominated by growth in Baffin Bay and the southern Beaufort Sea.
A November pause in ice growth occurred three times in the past: November 3 to 8, 2013; November 13 to 20, 2016; and now November 19 to 24, 2023. Thus, such events are rare but not unknown.
Conditions in context
Air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) in November were broadly similar to those seen in October, with mostly above average warmth in and around the Canadian Archipelago of 4 to 5 degrees Celsius (7 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit) (Figure 2a). Temperatures were modestly above average north of Greenland and stretching towards the Laptev and Kara Seas as well as the southern parts of the Beaufort Sea. The East Siberian Sea experienced near- to slightly-below average temperatures; temperatures were slightly below average over the Barents and Norwegian Seas.
The atmospheric circulation for November featured fairly strong low pressure centered near the North Pole, with strong low pressure also dominating the north Atlantic, Eurasia, Baffin Bay, and North America (Figure 2b).
November 2023 compared to previous years
The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent for November over the 45-year satellite record is 50,600 square kilometers (19,500 square miles) per year, or 4.7 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, November has lost 2.28 million square kilometers (880,000 square miles) of ice since 1979. This is 1.3 times the size of Alaska.
Rivers in the sky slow winter ice growth
From November 21 to 28, a series of three extratropical cyclones followed a common track from the northeast coast of Greenland eastward along the northern edge of the Barents, Kara, and Laptev Seas. As each storm moved into the Arctic Ocean, it merged with its predecessors, creating a persistent cyclonic (counter clockwise) wind regime. The first and third of these storms originated in the Icelandic Low region before migrating up the east side of Greenland. The second storm originated just north of Greenland. Simultaneously, a center of high pressure developed over the ice-free part of the Barents Sea, becoming especially strong on November 26 to 28.
This combination of persistent low pressure to the north and west of Svalbard and a high-pressure center to the southeast created a strong, persistent flow from the south of relatively warm and moist air from the North Atlantic Ocean toward Svalbard, which then turned eastward along the marginal ice zone. This is seen as an extension of an atmospheric river into the Arctic. Atmospheric rivers are long narrow corridors that carry a large amount of water vapor. A recent study suggests that atmospheric rivers lead to ice loss by transporting warm, moist air into the Arctic that can limit sea ice growth. This is consistent with the observed pause in seasonal ice growth in late November.
A wetter and warmer ArcticThe Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on board NASA’s 21-year-old Aqua satellite has been taking twice-daily global measurements of the Earth’s temperature and humidity. When looking at these variables in the Arctic between 2003 to 2022, it was found that specifically in the fall months (September, October, November; SON) the near-surface air temperature and specific humidity has increased by 1.78 Kelvin and 0.26 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air since 2003 (column A). This warming and moistening is widespread over the Arctic Ocean and most pronounced in areas of sea ice loss. However, during the first 10 years of this record (column B) the sea ice loss was roughly three times as large as in the most recent 10 years (column C). The rapid loss of sea ice coverage in the first decade helped temperatures to rise more than 3.5 times the rate compared to the last decade. In the first decade the warming and moistening was widespread over the Arctic Ocean; however, in the most recent decade, this warming and moistening is more tightly coupled with smaller areas of sea ice loss. So, although the Arctic is becoming warmer with higher humidity over the past 20 years, these trends were driven by the rapid loss of sea ice coverage during the first 10 years of this record.
Antarctic sea ice: race to the bottom
The decline in Antarctic sea ice extent paused for a few days around November 9, which caused it to surpass the daily extents for November 2016 for most of the month, making it the second-lowest extent in the 45-year record. This was the first time that the 2023 extent was not the lowest in the record for each day since early May. However, the seasonal decline then picked up and closely followed the path of the record low 2016 daily extents, remaining slightly above but close to the 2016 daily values (Figure 6a). At month’s end, ice extent remained persistently low in the Weddell, Cosmonaut, and Ross Seas, but above the 1981 to 2010 average in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas. Unusually warm conditions over the eastern Weddell Sea and strong offshore winds just to the east (Dronning Maud Land coast) caused retreat of ice along that coast and opened a wide shore polynya in that area (Figure 6b).
Boisvert, L., C. Parker, and E. Valkonen. 2023. A warmer and wetter Arctic: Insights from a 20-years AIRS record. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128, e2023JD038793. doi:10.1029/2023JD038793.
Fritts, R. 2023. Rivers in the sky are hindering winter Arctic sea ice recovery. Eos,104,13 March 2023. doi:10.1029/2023EO230098.
Zhang, P., G. Chen, M. Ting, and et al. 2023. More frequent atmospheric rivers slow the seasonal recovery of Arctic sea ice. Nature Climate Change, 13, 266–273. doi:10.1038/s41558-023-01599-3.


The potential use of carbon dioxide for the manufacture of high-value products is the subject of a Memorandum of Cooperation between Matt Canavan, Minister for Resources and Northern Australia, and Isshu Sugawara, Japanese Minister for Economy, Trade and Industry.
The memorandum will spur research into developing technologies which can not only capture and store carbon dioxide but turn the gas into an ingredient for the manufacture of products such as carbon fibre, which could be used in the construction and agricultural sectors.
The technology could allow for the continued use of fossil fuels, without this major exhaust gas being emitted into the atmosphere, said Canavan.
“Successfully using carbon dioxide as a resource, rather than viewing it merely as a waste product, could transform the economics of emissions reduction.”
The method for producing carbon fibres from carbon dioxide was first pioneered in 2015, by scientists in the US, who run a current through a tank filled with molten salt, which absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide and allows carbon fibres to form at an electrode. At the time, the method could produce 10g of carbon fibre an hour.
Efforts undertaken by Japan and Australia could scale up this technology or find alternatives for the commercial production of carbon fibre from carbon dioxide.
In addition, with carbon dioxide abundant, the commercial production of carbon fibre from the compound could reduce the cost of carbon fibre and allow the material to be used in a range of applications.
Citing the importance of energy reliability, security, and access as well as the need to reduce emissions, Canavan highlighted that the development of this technology is a shared aim of Australia and Japan.
“That is why our two countries are committed to investigating new ways of achieving efficient and effective use of fossil fuels,” said Canavan.


Photos by Roger Hill
Time will tell if ice, snow and extreme cold impact winter survival rates
Less than a week after much of the Midwest was slammed with the first winter storm of the season, another round of wind, snow and extreme cold is headed to the country’s core pheasant range.
South Dakota, Iowa and western Minnesota are bearing the brunt of the current storm, but harsh conditions range from western Wisconsin all the way to central Montana. The combination of heavy snow and wind can destroy critical winter cover for pheasants, and when that’s immediately followed by extremely cold temperatures it can make for a rough winter.
As of Wednesday afternoon, 17 states were under winter storm warnings, watches, and advisories through the holiday weekend, according to The 1440. Wind chills are expected to drop as low as 60 below in parts of the Dakotas and other areas across the northern great plains, and winds could gust as high as 55 miles an hour. The rapid strengthening of the storm tonight into Friday could result in what’s known as a bomb cyclone. The name elicits a real ‘end of days’ vibe, and while the reality is much less dramatic, the storm could have an impact on winter survival of upland birds.
The key metric to look at here is the length of the weather pattern. While this storm will lead to some bird mortality, the real issues arise with prolonged exposure to extreme conditions. Most birds, upland or not, can hunker down and survive a blizzard for a couple of days. But when below average temperatures and above average snowfall persist, it becomes much harder for birds to survive.
In looking at the post-Christmas forecast, it seems like the eastern Great Plains may catch a break. Temperatures are set to rebound across much of Iowa and Minnesota, as well as eastern Nebraska and South Dakota, with readings in the upper 30s and even low 40s by late next week. The western range is slightly more disconcerting, with a combination of factors indicating a tough winter for birds.
Here’s a breakdown of the situation across the pheasant range.
The Hawkeye State is directly in the sights of the current storm. From midday today through Christmas Eve the windchill in parts of the state will not rise above 30 below, with around six inches of snow and near constant blizzard conditions expected.
This makes for a tough few days to be a pheasant in Iowa, but Todd Bogenschutz, an upland biologist with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, said the date of the storm is actually more concerning than its intensity.
“The last couple winters we haven’t had any snow until about mid-January, so this is coming early,” Bogenschutz said. “And our research here shows the number of days where the ground is white is the best determining factor of how many birds we’re losing. The more snow days we have, the higher our winter mortality. I think the birds can handle it, but this coming storm doesn’t look good.”
Blizzard conditions are expected across the state today and tomorrow, especially throughout the southwest portion of Minnesota.
This, plus an additional half a foot of snow will likely shut down most of the native grass fields and push birds completely into the remaining cattail sloughs, willow thickets and shelter belts.
“These temperatures and the wind can harden snow, making it difficult for birds to forage on grains,” said Josh Pommier, a Pheasants Forever and Quail Forever senior Farm Bill Biologist. “This storm is such a great example of how imperative solid winter cover is. Birds with access to good cover can weather big storms — but if the habitat isn’t there, birds are going to struggle.”
Montana and Wyoming
Much of Montana and Wyoming has had snow cover since mid-November. While it hasn’t necessarily been heavy snow, it’s enough to limit food sources. Drought has knocked the birds down over the course of the last two years — 2022 showed a marked reduction in broods across the area. This winter will probably heighten that situation, especially with the extreme lows and howling winds of the current weather system.
“In the past couple weeks, I’ve harvested some pheasants that are in poor to very poor condition, very little meat and absolutely no fat reserves, already showing signs of starving,” said Joshua Hobbs, a Pheasants Forever coordinating biologist in Winnett, Mont. “I felt bad for taking them, but I also know they would not have survived the winter. Sharptails I’ve harvested have been in much better condition than the pheasants, but still show very little fat reserves.”
There’s also been some reports of bird mortality due to exposure across the area.
“I had a report from about three weeks ago where a group’s dogs were returning from the cattails in some local WMAs with more dead frozen pheasants than they were flushing,” said Martin Townsend, a Pheasants Forever coordinating biologist in Malta, Mont.
Eastern Nebraska fared better than the western reaches of the state in last week’s storm, and that trend is set to continue with this round of weather.
Western Nebraska, like Wyoming and Montana, has been hit hard by drought over the course of the last two years, and throwing a harsh winter on the heels of that drought makes for very unfavorable long-term conditions.
“It’s been so dry out there, and now it’s all covered in snow,” said Kelsi Wehrman, Pheasants Forever and Quail Forever’s Nebraska state coordinator. “I would expect a pretty devastating impact.”
North Dakota and South Dakota
Parts of central South Dakota saw as much as 30 inches of snow in the first round of storms last week and are now getting hit hard with wind and cold. Blizzard conditions will persist throughout the state until Saturday, with wind chills potentially dipping to 60 below in places.
However, the Dakotas are in for possibly the quickest turnaround in conditions. Temperatures are set to rise above freezing by Sunday and will remain mild throughout the next week.
“That’s good news for our pheasants,” said Matt Morlock, Pheasants Forever and Quail Forever’s North Dakota and South Dakota state coordinator. “Last week’s storm was unusual, it’s out of the ordinary for us to see that much snow this early in the winter. So, the thaw coming next week will be beneficial for bird populations.”
Winter Cover is Critical
Snow, driven by high winds, is the most serious winter threat for both wildlife and people. But quality winter cover can help alleviate Mother Nature’s wrath.
Multi-row coniferous shelterbelts around farmsteads keep snow out and create a favorable microclimate that reduces energy needs by 30-plus percent. Dense winter roosting habitats (cattail marshes, native grasses, and beefy shelterbelts) do the same thing for pheasants, blunting wind-chill and blizzards. To appreciate that, stand upright in switchgrass in a shrieking, sub-zero wind. Now get horizontal. The microclimate at pheasant level is downright balmy by comparison.
Obviously, it’s too late to help local wildlife now that winter has taken a strong hold in the norther states. But it’s never too early to start planning winter cover projects for the years ahead. Contact your local Farm Bill biologist RIGHT NOW and turn your plan into reality.


On Tuesday, flooding occurred close to many burn scars in Colorado, including the Grizzly Creek region, as a result of heavy rain.
On Wednesday, the second set of monsoon storms are forecast to sweep through, bringing with it another bout of heavy rain.
On Wednesday, storms are expected to drop a lot of rain. This time, it appears like Denver and the eastern plains will have the highest rainfall. In eastern Colorado, a few storms might develop into severe ones as well. Eastern Colorado and the Front Range see a little cooling in temperature. The plains are near the 90s, while the Denver region descends to the upper 80s. a welcome reprieve from the heat
We heat up again quickly as high pressure digs back in on Friday. This will also dry us out and cut off the monsoon flow for a few days.


Air Quality Map LUN City Air (ЛУН Місто Air)
Period of implementation of the project:
Draw particular attention of the public and the authorities to the problem of air quality in cities, especially in the largest Ukrainian metropolis Kyiv.
Raise awareness of Ukrainians, Kyiv citizens of this topic.
Provide Ukrainian society with access to up-to-date and reliable information regarding air quality.
And thus promote:
- reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere.
- reducing the number of deaths and illnesses from exposure to polluted air.
- transition to rational models of consumption and production.
Our team has created a map of air quality LUN City Air.
Data on the map enter in real-time from stations, which are also made by the project team.
The creation of the map and the development of the stations took a year and a half, the launch took place in September 2020.
Currently, more than 50 LUN City Air stations are located in Kyiv and Kyiv region and are sending data to the map every second.
Stations measure the concentration of fine dust – PM 1, PM 2,5, PM 10.
Among the main sources of these particles are vehicles, industry, fires. The smallest particles PM 1, PM 2,5, PM 10 can enter the blood through the alveoli, blood vessels and contribute to cardiovascular disease, negatively affect the lungs and brain, complicate the course of COVID-19.
All LUN City Air stations are calibrated with each other and with a measurer that is entered in the Register of approved types of measuring equipment in Ukraine.
Usage of the map is free and accessible to all.
To make access to air quality data even easier, we are also working on creating a bot that will send data on request.
We are actively working in the media field to draw the attention of the public and the authorities on this topic.
The project was launched in September 2020. But we already (september) have the first results in drawing special attention to air quality.
Our team has already conducted more than 10 studies on air quality and its impact on health.
The LUN City Air map has received more than 30,000 views by citizens.
Owing to coordination with the media (more than 50 news portals and TV channels made news and stories about our initiative) we were able to actualize the topic of air quality to the general public.
Participation in the conferences has raised the issue of air quality in the field of development and open data.
We have also started a dialogue with representatives of the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Kyiv City State Administration.
About the company:
LUN is a Ukrainian real estate IT company. LUN City is an urban research project of LUN.


Physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere are very important to life on Earth. Sensing properties of each layer of the atmosphere is possible using advanced processing techniques. Water vapor concentration, temperature, and gas concentrations all can be measured in this way. Different cloud types tell us what's going on in the atmospheric layer in which they occur.
Atmosphere and Ionosphere Remote Sensing
Posted: 31 Oct 2017
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Calibration gas detector is the exposing of the sensor to a certified concentration of gas for a particular length of time. The calibration process verifies that the gas detector is providing accurate readings. Part of the calibration process requires a process called zeroing. Zeroing sets the sensor to recognize the ambient air as clean air. If the gas detector is in a clean air environment, (meaning there are no other gases present and relevant to that sensor type), then the air in the room can be used to zero the sensor.
Calibration equipment for Gas detector include automatic calibration dock by detector makers or just need Calibration gas cylinder and valve regulator for manual calibration. Each gas detector recommend difference gas concentration and flow for calibration by maker.
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"But beyond that there is still a little bit of uncertainty. However, the weather can change drastically quite quickly day. Temperatures are forecast to go up - and stay up.Credit:Simon O'Dwyer. Sometimes, there was a fine line between a 40-degree day and a peak in the high 30s, he said. Mr Parkyn said temperatures would be the highest seen since March this year in Melbourne, where Australia is playing India in the Boxing Day Test. Areas in the west could soar into the high 30s on Sunday. Similar conditions are expected in Darwin where a top of 35 will combine with some showers and cloud. Crowded St Kilda Beach in Melbourne on a hot day. That record was challenged in 1998 when Mardie in Western Australia recorded 50.5. The regional city is expecting 40 degrees on Wednesday, 44 on Thursday, 44 on Friday and 42 on Saturday. They've been close for years, but can Geelong snag the AFL flag? "Severe fire conditions mean a total fire ban is likely - so unfortunately no bonfires at your family barbecue or friendly get-together.". Australians are about to swelter in record-breaking temperatures with a long, dry period of extreme heat to set in over the coming days. Monthly statistics are only included if there are more than 10 years of data. Australian Jai Hindley storms into Giro contention with stage win. In January 2018 Bendigo experienced a record breaking 12 consecutive days over 35°C (Breaking the previous record of eight days, set in 2014).. And January 2019 was Australia’s hottest-ever month on record, during which an extreme heatwave swept across Northern Victoria, and Albury-Wodonga set its highest ever recorded temperature of 45.3 degrees. A cool change is expected in the late afternoon on Friday. Email: email@example.com. “Further north in areas like Port Augusta and inland are looking at three or four days in the mid 40s, that’s where there would be a possibility of having a day over 50 degrees.”. Add articles to your saved list and come back to them any time. "The cool changes could make things very problematic," the spokesperson said. He also said: "In February it really drops away, particularly the second half of the month...[In] the first half [of February] there's a lot more 40-degree days compared to the second half.". The number of years (provided in the 2nd last column of the table) may differ between elements if the observing program at the site changed. Senior forecaster Rod Dickson said north-westerly winds were dragging heat from inland, causing a day of extreme heat. The summer of 2015 was the only summer in the last 10 years that did not record a 40-degree or more day.". The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) has forecast temperatures will exceed 40 until Sunday in Kerang, with little relief in sight until early next week. Three years ago, the city experienced seven summer days over 40 degrees, including a four-day stretch in January, as tennis fans sweltered during the Australian Open. In Melbourne the temperature is expected to climb to 34 on Wednesday and 37 on Thursday, before lower temperatures on Friday and over the weekend. Add articles to your saved list and come back to them any time. What does the LNP's kids curfew say about the party's election chances. min & mean temperature, Decadal & multi-decadal The sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean are heading towards an El Nino pattern, but it won’t be a "strong" El Nino where we see tendencies for more extreme hot and dry conditions. temperature, Apparent There was plenty of room at the beach on this January day.Credit:Leigh Henningham. Crowded St Kilda Beach in Melbourne on a hot day. As the calendar advances towards March, temperatures over the next seven days are forecast to go no higher than 37. It was a balmy start to 2019 for those relaxing on St Kilda beach in the early hours of Tuesday morning. “Adelaide is going to be most affected, it’s forecasted to have three or four consecutive days of over 40 degrees,” Ms Miskelly told Yahoo News Australia. Parts of Melbourne and large swathes of the state have already sweltered through 40 degree temperatures this summer, with the mercury in Essendon in the city’s north and Viewbank in the north-east climbing to 40.3 and 40.8 degrees last week. summary table for printing with the commonly requested statistics and a map showing Melbourne avoids any scorching 40-degree days this summer, but forecasters say it was warmer than average and the heat will continue into autumn. Please turn it on in your browser. There is also a summary table for printing with the commonly requested statistics and a map showing the location of this site. There is also a "We're seeing the heat build up over northern Victorian over the next few days and we're expecting 40 degrees from Thursday onwards in Mildura," Mr Carlyon said. Their hottest day was on December 7, when the temperature hit 42.7 degrees. Nearly 1000 tennis fans were treated for heat exhaustion, while Canadian player Frank Dancevic fainted during the second set of his first-round match and later claimed he had hallucinated and seen the comic character Snoopy. Port Augusta in South Australia reached 44.3C on Boxing Day while temperatures in towns in the central west region of New South Wales soared into the high 30s. A new climate report suggested 50 degree days could become the norm in summer for Melbourne and Sydney by the end of the century if greenhouse gas emissions continue rising at their current rate. rainfall, Rainfall "It's not impossible, but it would be a very low chance. Sunset over St Kilda.Credit:Leigh Henningham. frost days, Climate Melbourne set to end summer without 40-degree scorcher. Melbourne's warmest day for the month was on the 19th, when maximum daily temperatures above 25 °C were recorded in most suburbs. The bureau says its likely the mercury will hit 40 degrees in Melbourne on Saturday. pic.twitter.com/X6mrjWQ2P5. Senior forecaster at the weather bureau Richard Carlyon said the long-term average temperature in Melbourne for both January and February was 26 degrees. percentiles, Rainfall Usually, the 40-degree days come in January, just as they did during the Australian Open in 2014. Warm days and nights. While South Australia will bear the brunt of the heat, NSW and Victoria will not escape completely unscathed. Weather events on both ends of the spectrum becoming more extreme and regular could be explained by climate change, Ms Miskelly said. "We have had higher levels of humidity and we've had more cloud bands streaming across from the west this summer. "[For] the next two weeks the models are not strongly indicating for temperatures to reach or breach the 40 mark.". Adelaide is set for days of at least 40 degrees from Tuesday to Thursday. "We are getting right into the middle of summer so there is a good chance the hot conditions will continue.". "There is a weak change that's forecast to come through with one or two millimetre of rainfall also forecast for early next week," she said. 'You don’t sweat when terrified': Inside the evacuation of Aussie zoo threatened by bushfires, Why we rely on volunteers to fight Australia's massive bushfires, Man's horrendous burns after house was destroyed in bushfire. But given that February was already a week old and Melbourne hadn't recorded a 40-degree day and nor was one forecast, the chances of a 40-degree day for Melbourne this summer were reducing, he said. But it should be cool enough for a good night’s sleep on Thursday and Friday, where the overnight temperatures are expected to hit 23 and 17, respectively. The hottest day in Melbourne so far this summer was December 28, when the mercury peaked at 38.2. “There won’t be as much heat for Melbourne and Sydney due to the sea breeze, but inland areas will get a bit hotter,” Ms Miskelly said. A CFA spokesperson said the cool wind change could cause problems for firefighters if a blaze had already started. That year, Melbourne recorded temperatures over 41 degrees for four days, before the mercury eventually hit a scorching 45 degrees. Mild across the southeast with temperatures increasing over the weekend & next week. are more than 10 years of suitable data. Both Adelaide and Melbourne broke records for the most consecutive days over 40 degrees Celsius (104 Farenheit) The lowest temperature recorded in an Australian capital city was in Canberra on the 11th of July 1971, it was minus 10 degrees Celsius. They're set to swelter even more this week, with 39 degrees forecast for Wednesday, 41 degrees on Thursday, 42 degrees on Friday and 44 degrees on Saturday. Mean daytime temperatures were warmer than average across Greater Melbourne during September. classifications, Gridded Mildura has already endured four days of 40-plus-degree heat since October this year. She said on Wednesday and Thursday both capital cities would reach their peak heat, with Melbourne’s highest temperature set to be 33 degrees. percentiles, Potential The highest temperature recorded in Greater Melbourne was 26.6 °C at Moorabbin Airport on the 19th. Very hot through the interior of #Australia and along the west coast of #WA with daytime temperatures into the 40's for many places. Melbourne could reach 42 degrees on Friday. Cartier watches are a reminder the Government can only dally on integrity reforms for so long, 'She just might be getting set up': Union says Australia Post problems go beyond luxury watches, These artists living with disability get back the 'creative mojo' post-COVID — and this retreat is the secret, 'It keeps CCP leaders up at night': Why the environment might just be Beijing's ultimate threat, Aunt of 11yo girl who took her own life calls for end to silence around sexual abuse in Indigenous communities. While Melbourne hasn't had a 40-degree scorcher this summer, it hasn't been cool either. Mr Brittain said temperatures would heat up this week but, while Melbourne could get a high of 36 or 37 on Thursday with northerly winds, "the 40-degree mark doesn't look like it's going to be reached on Thursday". Mr Carlyon said records showed that in Melbourne "the extreme heat, the days above 40, are much more common in January than February". melbourne regional office An extended list of climate statistics recorded is provided below. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and download the Yahoo News app from the App Store or Google Play. While Melbourne hasn't had a 40-degree scorcher this summer, it hasn't been cool either. Fire, drought, twisters ... we cop the lot. Latest at https://t.co/PWAfpiJW7k pic.twitter.com/4XghWgbuCj. Source: AAP, Flair's Smart Vent system is a big improvement for anyone looking to improve their home HVAC, Phone Plans May Have Seniors Scrambling To Buy One, Ebang International Holdings Inc. The next Queensland Premier will be female — but is feminism still a dirty word? Do you have a story tip? 'Bias, hatred and rudeness': Trump unloads as he leaks 60 Minutes interview, Rare lime green puppy named Pistachio born in Italy, Is Halloween cancelled this year? You can get them out till late February, but they are quite rare," he said. The highest temperature recorded in Greater Melbourne was 26.6 °C at Moorabbin Airport on the 19th. The bureau says its likely the mercury will hit 40 degrees in Melbourne on Saturday.Credit:Aaron Sawall. "I think we've just had a bit more cloud cover ahead of cool changes and the humidity has been a little bit higher as well. Perth is suffering first with a top of 41 expected for Friday and Saturday, while Sunday should reach 40. That, paired with warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures on Australia’s east coast, is causing the days of extreme heat.
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Thursday, October 19, 2017 We just check the 6PM forecast for the weekend trip, Oct 21-22, and it went up. So, we are canceling the weekend trip due to the high seas forecast.
Friday, October 13, 2017 Well I really though we were going to go out this weekend until the 10:30am NOAA update. They are now calling for 4-6 all day Saturday and the current forecast around 1knot. We are cancelling the weekend trip, October 14-15. Sorry guys.
Thursday, October 05, 2017 We are making an early weather call and canceling the upcoming weekend trip, October 7-8, due to the Tropical Storm Nate. They are forecasting Nate to become a Hurricane by Saturday and be in the gulf over the weekend.
Friday, September 29, 2017 Sorry guys, but we are canceling this weekend trip, Sept 30-Oct 1 due to the high seas and strong current.


Winter isn’t ready to let go of Wyoming just yet.
Another cold front is expected to hit the region beginning Sunday night into Monday, with gusty winds and snow expected, according to the National Weather Service.
The storm is expected to bring with it near-record cold for this time of the year, the weather service reported. Temperatures are expected to plunge 20 to 30 degrees below normal on Monday.
On Monday night, the low temperature is expected to bottom out at 16 degrees in Riverton and Casper, said meteorologist Jason Straub.
“So it’s a pretty good late-season cold front coming through,” he said.
The latest cold front comes on the heels of another winter-like storm that brought frigid temperatures to Wyoming on Wednesday and Thursday. Fremont County was hit hardest, with nearly a foot of snow falling in the Riverton and Lander area, according to weather service snow totals. Other communities that received notable amounts of snow included Thermopolis (7 inches), Meeteetse (5 inches) and Fort Washakie (5 inches).
The storm caused temporary closures along Interstate 80 in southern Wyoming.
Natrona County avoided much of the storm’s impact. Casper received between 1 and 2 inches of snow on Wednesday and Thursday, though more snow fell on Friday.
“We’ve just had an area of low pressure move in from Canada,” Straub said. “It’s come south across the Northern Rockies into Wyoming, and it’s just stayed in place for the last few days.”
The weather conditions are expected to dry out Saturday ahead of the latest cold front, which is forecast to begin bringing gusty winds and snow to Wyoming on Sunday night. The storm’s greatest impacts are forecast for Monday, with some snow showers lingering into Tuesday, when the near-record lows are expected, according to the weather service.
Warmer temperatures are expected to return to the area by the middle of next week. But they are expected to remain below average. For example, normal highs in Riverton for this time of year should be in the upper 50s. Instead, they’ll only creep up to the lower 40s.