All quotes about Greenhouse gases
“We have broken a new record once again. Over the last 25 years between 1990 and 2014, there was a 36 percent increase in the radiative forcing of greenhouse gases.” said Michel Jarraud speaking about Greenhouse gases. It’s one of the 34 quotes about Greenhouse gases you can find on this page. 33 people have said something about this topic. Among them: Marylyn Haines Evans, Rod Downie and Simonetta Cheli. Browse the quotes by date and by name to find those that are relevant to you.
All quotes about Greenhouse gases
We have many buildings with HVAC systems that are reaching their end-of-life cycles and that's a problem – 74 percent of all greenhouse gases in the city come from energy consumption of buildings. How do they get good, cheap, financing? With a green[...]
It sounds like an orchestrated campaign of head-in-the-sand. The scientific consensus is clear: Most of the warming since 1950 is the result of the buildup of the human-made greenhouse gases.
New York is a national leader in clean energy, and the tremendous growth of the solar industry across this state demonstrates this renewal technology's increased accessibility and affordability for residents and businesses. Our investments in this c[...]
This is the first experiment to investigate the long-term effects of warming in aquatic ecosystems. Given the substantial contribution small ponds make to the emission of greenhouse gases, it is vital to understand how they might respond to global w[...]
The actual implications of change in U.S. policy are unlikely to be a big game changer. The U.S. has played an enormous leadership role together with China in galvanizing international support (for action on climate change) .... Much of that improve[...]
To begin with, the whole push for renewable energy is being driven by the wrong motivation, the mistaken belief that global climate change is being caused by carbon emissions. If you don't buy that – and I don't – then what we have is really just an[...]
We truly advocated an all-of-the-above strategy, reducing carbon emissions not just through development of cleaner fossil fuels, but through the development of renewable sources too.
That's pretty unusual, but what's going on is this a long-term underlying trend that's driven mainly by greenhouse gases and the fact that carbon dioxide is continuing to increase.
This should answer the critics who have repeated Big Oil's polemic that renewable biofuels somehow increase carbon emissions.
It could mean a significant weakening of the climate change regulations and initiatives during the Obama administration that have started us on the path toward lowering our carbon emissions.
Because of the implications for air quality and carbon emissions, coal has come under fire in recent years, but it is too early to say that this is the end for coal. Coal demand is moving to Asia, where emerging economies with growing populations ar[...]
There is some data about what car sharing means. Household carbon emissions can be reduced by 37% through car-sharing and we know for example that there are 3.7 trillion pounds worth of idle resources in the world. So we have some idea about the kin[...]
The Church of England… has a campaign which is called Shrinking the Footprint, and it's a very ambitious campaign to reduce carbon emissions throughout the Church by 80 percent by 2050.
The U.S., the most powerful economy in the world, the second-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, must respect the commitments that were made. It's not simply their duty, it's in their interest.
The United States, the most powerful economy in the world, the second-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, must respect the commitments that were made. It's not simply their duty, it's in their interest.
Let's not underestimate the task ahead. Limiting carbon emissions and changing our energy systems is a monumental challenge. But the IEA is working with governments around the world to help identify solutions and show how it can be done.
The global community needs to recognize the scientific evidence: keeping tropical forests intact prevents carbon emissions, and forest peoples do the job better than anyone else. The Marrakech conference presents an opportunity to act on this eviden[...]
The 2015 snowpack season was an extreme year. But because of the increasing influence of greenhouse gases, years like this may become commonplace over the next few decades.
Acting on HFCs does not exempt us from acting on CO2 or other important greenhouse gases like methane. We emit considerably more carbon, and it lingers in the atmosphere for more than 500 years.
The results are clear: a more durable, growing economy; 15m new private-sector jobs since early 2010; rising wages, falling poverty, and the beginnings of a reversal in inequality; 20m more Americans with health insurance, while health-care costs gr[...]
One big accomplishment to date of California climate policy is demonstrating that we can cut greenhouse gases and still achieve impressive economic growth.
Our findings show that the climate can respond very quickly to changes in greenhouse gases.
We are continuing to apply the use of new digital and engineering technologies across the airline. The hybrid plane concept we are announcing today is both a vision of the future and a challenge to our partners and suppliers to continue to push the [...]
Although Africa contributes the lowest share of carbon emissions, it is the continent most susceptible to climate change. Its unique vulnerability is exacerbated by widespread poverty.
Last month in Paris world leaders reached an historic agreement that provides concrete framework for carbon emissions. This is an important first step but we're a long way off from claiming victory in the fight for our future and for the survival of[...]
We will announce at the conference in Paris that the global long-term goal is a reduction of at least 60 percent greenhouse gases compared to 2010. That would mean a global reduction of 50 percent compared to 1990. Yes, it is very ambitious. But we [...]
We have got a big conference on this coming up at the end of the year in Paris and it's very important we get the globally-binding agreement to reduce carbon emissions. We see the European Union is not doing enough. It could do more on energy securi[...]
The main long-lived greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have reached their highest recorded levels since the beginning of the industrial age – this, in spite of the recent economic slowdown.
This year we already announced that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere was reaching record level. What is clear is that we are already in a very, very challenging situation to stay under two degrees (of warming). So the more com[...]
At this moment of crisis everybody's spending huge amounts of money on their fiscal stimulus. This could be a moment when they actually say, we can't run the economy in the same way. We've got to run it on a fraction of the carbon emissions and it a[...]


Posts tagged weather
Antique Negretti & Zambra Marine Weather Ships Boat Thermo Hygrograph
MAY/MAY NOT HAVE MINOR STORAGE MARKS AS SEEN. IT IS IN WORKING ORDER BUT ACCURACY MAY NOT GURANTEED. PLEASE SEE PICTURES AS THEY ARE PART OF THE DESCRIPTION.
Antique French Working Weather Station, Barometer, Thermometer With Beveled Edge
Most likely, the weather station was made in 1905 -1910. NOTE: The item is in working order. Color may vary slightly depending on screen settings and minor surface scratches.
1910 Barometer Style Henri II Weather Station, Barometer, Thermometer
The weather station was made in 1910. Amazing piece of history! It is very decorative and beautifully carved. This model can be seen in the catalog DEROGY – Paris (LUNETTERIE – OPTIQUE – PHOTOGRAPHIE) for 1910.
1893 Freemasonry Genuine Masonic Weather Station, Barometer, Carved Wood
The weather station depicts the logo of Freemasonry, the Masonic compass and square, and the letters G. Two temperature scales are designated: the Reaumur scale and the Celsius scale. Most likely, the weather station was made in 1893.
1930’s Art Deco Antique Weather Station Barometer Thermometer in Carved Wood
It was made in Lahr/Schwarzwald/ land de Bade-Wurtemberg. Brass bezel and dial background. NOTE: The item is in working order.


Recent Study on Methane Gas Emissions Generates Debate
A recently completed study prepared by researchers from Harvard University and seven other institutions reports that methane gas emissions are approximately 1.5 times greater than estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The report was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The potential for higher methane emissions could derail some of the enthusiasm of the Obama administration to promote natural gas as an alternative to coal in the battle over climate change.
Carbon dioxide and methane are considered to be among the most significant greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. Methane has a much shorter atmospheric life than carbon dioxide. Various studies have reported that methane gas may be 25 times to 34 times more powerful than carbon dioxide in trapping heat within the atmosphere. Additionally, methane facilitates the formation of ozone in urban areas. Carbon dioxide produced from natural gas at the generating facility is approximately 40 to 50% less than coal at the point of generation. An increase in earlier estimates of methane gas emissions could erode support to use natural gas as a bridge between the use of coal and greener technologies in the effort to reduce greenhouse gases.
The Harvard team gathered data for methane and other gases from airplanes and government sampling stations located throughout the United States. This data was integrated with meteorological information then was statistically modeled to predict the methane’s source. The EPA uses an entirely different approach in determining methane emissions; by counting the number of methane producing sources including agricultural operations, underground coal mines, oil refineries, landfills and gas wells, then estimating the emissions within different regions of the country.
The Harvard team evaluated the relationship between methane and other gases, such as propane, which is a byproduct of oil and gas production and oil refining. The data led researchers to conclude that the oil & gas production emissions were underestimated by the EPA. The data for the Harvard team was gathered from data collected during 2007 and 2008 and the report does not touch on the large expansion of oil and gas development that has occurred since that time.
An Environmental Defense Fund and energy industry sponsored study conducted by University of Texas researchers published in September 2013 indicates that fracing may emit less methane than estimated by the EPA. Findings also indicate that methane emissions are lower than EPA estimates at well sites that have been completed and are producing. This study was directed to the production of natural gas and other sources were not included. The University of Texas study used data that is more recent than the Harvard report, which may indicate improvements in the capture of fugitive emissions since the time the Harvard data was collected.
Legislative efforts to reduce methane emissions and best management practices at oil and gas well sites appear to be reducing fugitive emissions. Additionally, Colorado has proposed regulations that would reduce methane emissions during the production, storage and transportation of oil and gas.
The debate over the accuracy of the Harvard report appears to be generating interest in evaluating improved methods to calculate methane emissions. The report spurs debate that the reduction of fugitive methane emissions could result in additional revenue for the producers and would assist support for the continued expansion of markets for natural gas.


Zeta, the storm that formed in the Caribbean over the weekend, gained strength Monday afternoon to become a hurricane, which forecasters warn is likely to make landfall along the U.S. Gulf Coast, where storm-beleaguered residents are fearful of yet another round of destruction.
Zeta, the 27th named storm of the 2020 season, had maximum sustained winds of 80 mph as it intensified into a Category 1 hurricane centered about 90 miles southeast of Cozumel island off Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, the National Hurricane Center said.
It is expected to break a record by becoming the 11th named storm to make landfall in the U.S. this season, with southeastern Louisiana potentially getting slammed around Wednesday afternoon, according to forecasters. Heavy rains, however, will already be felt in the central Gulf Coast on Tuesday night, spreading across eastern Mississippi and Alabama.
According to NBC News, Zeta could revert to a tropical storm by the time it makes landfall in the U.S.
“It’s going to be a close call with remaining a Category 1,” said Joe Rua, a lead forecaster for the National Weather Service in Lake Charles.
A hurricane watch was in effect Monday evening from Morgan City, Louisiana, to the Mississippi-Alabama border, including Lake Pontchartrain and metropolitan New Orleans. New Orleans officials also called for a voluntary evacuation Monday of some vulnerable districts as sandbags were being assembled.
No matter the storm’s strength, Gov. John Bel Edwards said, Louisiana, which is still recovering from hurricanes Laura and Delta, wouldn’t take Zeta for granted. He issued a state of emergency Monday and prepared 1,150 members of the Louisiana National Guard to be activated.
“Good thing and the bad thing is we’ve had a lot of practice this year,” Edwards told reporters.
Laura made landfall 1n Louisiana near the Texas border on Aug. 27 as a powerful Category 4 storm, with wind speeds of 150 mph and life-threatening storm surges.
Six weeks later, Delta, a Category 2 storm, raked southwestern Louisiana again, marking the sixth time this season that Louisianans had to prepare for a hurricane. Hundreds of thousands of households across Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi were left without power.
Lake Charles, the heart of Louisiana’s Cajun country, felt a double whammy of devastation from Laura and Delta. As residents were picking up the pieces from Laura, Delta dealt another blow.
While forecasters say Lake Charles and the rest of southwestern Louisiana are expected to dodge this latest storm, some residents rebuilding from the pair of hurricanes remain wary.
“Oh, Lord, we’ve been watching every day since I heard about it,” said Hazel Logan, 44, who was getting free meals Monday from the United Way of Southwest Louisiana’s hurricane relief center in Lake Charles.
“It’s saying it’s going more eastward, but they said that with the other storm,” Logan said, adding: “I’m just taking it day by day. I can’t lie and say I’m not concerned.”
Across Louisiana, tens of thousands of residences and other structures were partly ruined or destroyed by Laura, which primarily caused wind damage, and Delta, which brought intense flooding, said Ashley Rodrigue, a spokeswoman for the state fire marshal’s office. The agency’s surveying is used to help communities obtain federal emergency funding,
Since early September, the United Way of Southwest Louisiana’s relief center in Lake Charles has been operating drive-thru service to pick up food, water, cleaning supplies and baby products donated from around the world.
The nonprofit has been serving upward of 2,000 meals a day, President and CEO Denise Durel said. While evacuation orders temporarily halted its operations, Durel said, it is ready for whatever Zeta may bring — and whatever the people of the region may need.
“I don’t wish Zeta on anyone, on any community,” Durel said, “but we’re definitely just praying every day it spares us.
“I can’t even imagine what the longevity of the damage will be if we get hit again,” she said.


According to the Ghana Meteorological Service, the rains will be more intense from now till the second week of June.
Director General of the Ghana Meteorological Service, Group Captain Komla speaking on the Citi Breakfast Show said the trend will continue for the next two days and perhaps extend into the second week of June.
“It is expected that the Southern part of the country will definitely experience some more heavy rains today,” he added.
According to him, the major rainy season of Ghana is between May and July, followed by September-October which is the minor rainy season.
About a hundred people died as a result of a fire at the GOIL fuel station at the Kwame Nkrumah Circle in Accra amidst a heavy rainfall on Wednesday.
Some bodies were pulled out of cars which had been parked at the station, but it is suspected that most of the deceased were seeking shelter from the rain.


Precipitation not likely
Wind blowing SSW at 0.0 km/h, with gusts up to 0.0 km/h.
Rain. High 11C. Winds NNW at 15 to 25 km/h. Chance of rain 100%. Rainfall near 12mm.
Partly cloudy skies. Scattered frost possible. Low 2C. Winds light and variable.
A few clouds from time to time. Scattered frost possible. High 8C. Winds light and variable.
Partly cloudy skies during the evening will give way to cloudy skies overnight. Low 2C. Winds NE at 10 to 15 km/h.
Occasional light rain. High 9C. Winds NE at 10 to 15 km/h. Chance of rain 60%.
Cloudy. Some light rain is likely. Low 7C. Winds NE at 10 to 15 km/h. Chance of rain 60%.
Light rain in the morning. Then becoming foggy. High near 10C. Winds N at 10 to 15 km/h. Chance of rain 50%.
Showers tapering off in the evening with foggy conditions overnight. Low 7C. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 40%.


Mittwoch, 25. Oktober 2023, im Restaurant Gnadenthal, Niederwil AG
The upgrading process of biogas to Biomethane results in a gas stream containing (bio-) methane and a second gas stream containing the CO2 and an unwanted part of the biomethane, called methane slip. This CO2 rich gas stream either directly emitted to the atmosphere or its content of methane is oxidised before the release into the atmosphere, according to the applicable regulations National regulations on the handling of the methane slip differ substantially in EU countries, France has recently changed the thresholds, in Switzerland new regulations are discussed. The presentations address the options for the reduction of the emissions and put the options for emission reduction into a context with GHG balances and national situation in Switzerland and France.
Programm und Anmeldung: IEA Bioenergy Workshop


From an email sent to the RVA staff . . .
9.04 inches so far in March.
Almost 16 straight days with rain (March 8th I don’t have any), including 28th of Feb. with just 0.06 inches that day. Not much in a single day (nothing higher than 2 inches in a 24 hour period), but other areas in Kenya may have had bigger single rains.
To put 9 inches in perspective, rain data going back to 1986 (with a few gaps in between) shows an avg for March of just 3.89 inches. The most ever recorded was 9.70 inches in 2002 and we’re almost there already.
April tends to be the wetter of the 2 months, with an avg of 8.10 inches for all those years. In 2013, the year of the infamous Kijabe mudslides, we recorded 24 inches! 1997 had almost 21 inches and I believe the Mombasa highway was washed out that year…
This information is provided by Jeff Davis, David’s science teacher. If you are headed to Kijabe bring an umbrella!
Send some our way!! :-
LikeLiked by 1 person


It has been just over a week since we updated you last on Tropical Storm Ernesto, and since then it became Hurricane Ernesto and then reduced back down to just a storm again, but it now seems that cruise ships are having to evade the projected path of Ernesto in the Caribbean.
Both Carnival Cruise lines and Disney Cruise Line are affected, which has resulted in around six cruise ships having to change itineraries to avoid the path of Tropical Storm Ernesto. These include Disney Fantasy and 5 Carnival ships, which are the Dream, Triumph, Legend, Imagination, and Elation.
Disney Fantasy swapped to an Eastern Caribbean itinerary, which we touched on last week in an earlier article. The Carnival Dream did make a few changes as we discussed earlier, and went to Freeport in the Eastern Caribbean yesterday, and is currently visiting Nassau today.
The Carnival Elation had to spend a day at sea on Wednesday rather than visit Progreso, which is thanks to the storm. Moments ago we checked the NHC and could see Tropical Storm Ernesto is reaching top wind speeds of 50mph, although it is predicted to increase and if these winds reach 74mph it will become a hurricane again.
We have embedded a video below that looks at the hurricane season as a whole, and predicts around 12 to 17 named storms this season, which 5 to 8 could be hurricanes. They also expect some major hurricanes topping more than 111mph, so take a look of the video below and share a comment in regard to these predictions.
Would you take a cruise during hurricane season for a better deal?


A study by researchers at the University of Bath has found that seal hunters in the Gulf of St. Lawrence have become more dangerous in recent decades, because of rising temperatures and changes in the ocean’s chemistry.
The research suggests that the Arctic is warming faster than any other region, as the world warms, with the warming in the polar regions increasing by nearly 0.6 degrees Celsius per decade, or 0.4 degrees Celsius every 10 years.
That’s more than the average 1 degree Celsius increase that has been measured over the past 30 years.
The study, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, is the first to compare changes in climate to the number of seal species present in the Arctic Ocean.
“The number of seals on the surface is not changing as fast as in the past,” said lead author Dr. Andrew Jones, a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Earth Sciences at the university.
“But when you look at the ice sheet, the sea ice is not growing, and the warming is not slowing down.
The only way to stop that is to slow down the warming and to slow the ocean acidification.
This is where our study comes in.”
The study found that the warming caused by climate change has resulted in the deaths of nearly 2,300 seals since the late 1980s, which is roughly one-third of the number who have been killed since 1879.
The researchers believe the rapid increase in the number killed indicates that the population of seal in the area has decreased because of climate change.
They also found that a large portion of those deaths, between two-thirds and two-fifths of the total, could be linked to warming, because the warmer temperatures have caused more carbon dioxide to enter the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in acidification of the sea surface.
“There is a lot of uncertainty in the rate of change of the ocean, and that is the most important thing for us,” Jones said.
“We need to be able to measure it.”
In fact, it is the temperature increase that is most important for the number to decline, said study co-author Dr. Ian Johnston, who studies climate change at the Royal Veterinary College.
“A lot of these changes happen in the winter and in the summer.
But it’s a very different process in the Antarctic,” Johnston said.
The temperature in the ice sheets and the sea have warmed faster in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere, he said, and therefore there is a greater chance that seals in the Southern Hemisphere will be killed.
“These animals have to be moving at the speed of light,” Johnston explained.
“And in a sea ice environment, they have to move at the same speed as the ocean is moving.”
The research team is working with researchers in the U.K. and in Australia to better understand the impact of climate on seal populations. “
It’s really important that we have this research done, and because of the size of this research we can make a better prediction of what will happen to the populations of seals in coming decades.”
The research team is working with researchers in the U.K. and in Australia to better understand the impact of climate on seal populations.
The findings of the study are based on data from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Sea Ice Cover dataset, which records the extent of sea ice cover in the oceans every five years.
Jones and Johnston hope that the data will help scientists to better predict what will occur in the future as the climate warms.
“This study is an important contribution to understanding the impact climate change is having on the Arctic, because there are more animals than there are people in the world,” Johnston added.
“As the temperature warms there are going to be more people living in the sea.
And if we don’t have a good way to measure this, we don’ t have a way to make a good estimate of what’s going to happen to seal numbers in the region.”
This article has been updated to include a quote from the Royal Institution, which stated that the researchers’ study was based on the use of data collected by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).


Weather Update - Tropical Storm Darby
Tropical Storm Darby is upon us.
On Friday, we will get the final word from Department of Transportation and the Honolulu Police Department on the status of the 36th Annual Tinman Triathlon.
If the weather conditions makes the triathlon unsafe, our permit will be revoked.
As soon as we get the official word, we'll post it on this website as well as Tinman Facebook. We will also send email to all the participants.
We will update after getting the weather report from the Civil Defense and National Weather Service just after.
We will think positively that Mother Nature will be kind to us so we can proceed with our plans for Sunday!


Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. Its far-reaching impact extends beyond rising temperatures and melting glaciers, directly affecting the frequency and intensity of natural disasters worldwide. As the Earth's climate continues to change at an alarming rate, it is crucial for us to understand the relationship between climate change and natural disasters and take immediate action to mitigate their devastating consequences.
Understanding the Link:
Climate change and natural disasters are intricately linked in a vicious cycle. The burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere have led to the warming of the planet. This increase in temperature intensifies weather patterns, resulting in a higher frequency and severity of extreme weather events. From hurricanes and cyclones to wildfires and floods, the world is witnessing a surge in catastrophic events that wreak havoc on communities, ecosystems, and economies.
Rising sea levels, another consequence of climate change, pose a significant threat to coastal regions. Ice caps and glaciers melt as the planet warms, causing sea levels to rise. This, combined with stronger storms and storm surges, amplifies the risk of coastal flooding and erosion, displacing millions of people and damaging critical infrastructure.
The Impact on Human Lives:
The consequences of natural disasters are devastating, both in terms of loss of life and economic damage. Heatwaves, exacerbated by climate change, have claimed numerous lives, particularly among vulnerable populations. The increased frequency and intensity of hurricanes and cyclones have caused widespread destruction, displacing communities and leaving behind a trail of devastation.
Natural disasters also have long-term effects on mental health. Survivors often experience trauma, grief, and anxiety, compounded by the loss of homes, livelihoods, and loved ones. The mental health implications of climate-related disasters are far-reaching and require attention and support.
Beyond the immediate human impact, natural disasters have severe consequences for the environment. Fueled by hotter and drier conditions, forest fires ravage vast areas, destroying habitats and releasing massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This further accelerates climate change, creating a dangerous feedback loop.
Additionally, extreme weather events lead to the destruction of coral reefs, deforestation, and the loss of biodiversity. These ecosystems are vital for maintaining the delicate balance of our planet's natural systems, and their degradation poses a threat to our own survival.
The Call for Action:
Addressing climate change and its impacts on natural disasters requires urgent and collective action at all levels: individual, community, national, and global. Here are some key steps we can take:
Transition to renewable energy: Shifting from fossil fuels to clean, renewable energy sources is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change.
Adaptation and resilience strategies: Communities and governments must invest in infrastructure and policies that enhance resilience to natural disasters. This includes improving early warning systems, constructing climate-resilient buildings, and implementing effective land-use planning.
Sustainable land and water management: Protecting and restoring ecosystems, such as forests and wetlands, can help absorb carbon dioxide, reduce the risk of wildfires, and mitigate flooding.
Education and awareness: Promoting public understanding of climate change and its link to natural disasters is vital. Education can empower individuals to make sustainable choices and advocate for policy changes.
International cooperation: Collaboration among nations is crucial to address climate change comprehensively. Global agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, play a vital role in setting targets and coordinating efforts to reduce emissions and support vulnerable communities.
Climate change and natural disasters are intertwined in a complex web of cause and effect. It is imperative that we recognize the urgency of the situation and take immediate action to mitigate the devastating consequences. By transitioning to clean energy, improving resilience, and investing in sustainable practices, we can work towards a more sustainable and resilient future for ourselves and future generations. The time to act is now, and the responsibility lies with each and every one of us.


Share via Email Coal-fired power stations — such as this one in Warrington, UK — are one major source of the CO2 that scientists believe is driving climate change. For example, a summary of climate science by the Royal Society stated that:
You are asked in the question to discuss the causes of global warming and possible solutions for individuals and the government. Here is the question: Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today.
What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to tackle the issue? So you must answer these three things in order to fully answer it: What are the causes of global warming?
What can governments do about it? What can individuals do about it? This essay has been divided into two paragraphs. However, you could write a separate paragraph about each of the above points if you wanted.
Take a look at the model answer and examine how it has been organized.
Write about the following topic: Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge. Write at least words. This essay will examine the reasons why global warming is occurring and discuss some possible solutions. The predominant factors resulting in the warming of the earth are the emissions of CO2 and deforestation.
CO2, which damages the ozone layer, comes from several sources, but the most problematic are those coming from the burning of fossil fuels from power plants. This releases thousands of tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. Another cause of these emissions is the burning of gasoline for transportation, which continues to grow because of our demand for cars and also our increasing worldwide consumption, resulting in an escalating need to transport goods.
Also, forests store large amounts of carbon, so deforestation is causing larger amounts of CO2 to remain in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, there are potential ways to solve these problems, or at least reduce the effects.
Firstly, governments need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and promote alternatives. Plant-derived plastics, biodiesel, wind power and solar power are all things that are a step in the right direction, but governments need to enforce the limits on CO2 emissions for the polluting industries in their countries for these to be effective.
Also, individuals can play a part by making lifestyle changes. People should try to buy cars with the best fuel economy, and only use their car when really necessary. They can also switch to energy companies that use renewable energy rather than fossil fuels.
Finally, small things like buying energy efficient light bulbs, turning off electricity in the house, and planting trees in the garden can help. To conclude, although global warming is a serious issue, there are steps that governments and individuals can take to reduce its effects. If we are to save our planet, it is important that this is treated as a priority for all concerned.November 21, Global warming research paper introduction on hiv.
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97% of scientists say humans are responsible for global warming 40% more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution 70 million metric tons .
This essay offers a defense to the position that humans are responsible for global warming. What is Carbon Dioxide? Before attempting to answer any questions based on observations about carbon dioxide, taking a moment to identify the carbon dioxide helps .
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Out earth surface is becoming hotter day by day just because of some unnoticeable habits of human beings all across the world.


Cyclone Belal has struck the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius and Reunion, bringing strong winds and heavy flooding.
Video shows people stranded on the roofs of cars submerged on flooded roads in Mauritius.
The Red Cross said that on the French island of Reunion one person has died and more than 600 people have been temporarily displaced. Authorities have warned people not to go outside, as the the cyclone brought torrential rain and winds gusting up to 250 km/h (155mph)
French President Emmanuel Macron posted a message on social media promising state support to the residents of the French overseas region.
Read more here.


A hazardous weather outlook was issued early Thursday, warning of thunderstorms that could bring heavy rainfall, flooding and wind gusts to the Chicago area on Thursday morning.
Scattered thunderstorms were expected in Northwest and North Central Illinois early Thursday morning, according to the National Weather Service. The storms were predicted to diminish through mid to late morning as they move east.
Forecasters said the storms could produce heavy rainfall, localized flooding and wind gusts above 35 mph.
Hot, humid weather was also in the mix for Thursday — with heat index readings expected to peak near 100 degrees, and high temperatures between 87 and 91 degrees, according to the weather outlook.


An Automated Weather Station is an integrated system of components that are used to measure, record, and often transmit weather parameters such as temperature, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, and precipitation. Weather stations are used on land and sea for a variety of operational and research purposes.
Rugged, Reliable Equipment and Accurate Data
Automatic Weather Stations measure and record weather data from their location. They are commonly known as either AWS or Weather Stations.
Iconics-ME’s Weather Stations are designed to survive in harsh climate extremes. They are built from corrosion resistant materials and undergo strict design testing. Your system will operate with minimal maintenance for long periods. Our sensors can measure to WMO and Australian standards.
Our Weather Recorders are highly refined, specialised data loggers designed specifically for weather data recording and form the heart of our weather stations. Their robust design and construction keeps your weather data accurate and secure.


The surreal sight of a full solar eclipse got us thinking about the galactic awesomeness our solar system. An eclipse is just one crazy occurrence related to that big ball of fire in the sky. The sun stirs up plenty of other phenomena. You just need to know what you’re looking for.
Here are four more that you ought to know about.
Aurora: Appearing as a glowing “curtain” of light, a solar aurora is formed in by an interesting interplay between the sun and our planet. As particles from the sun blow off in solar wind movement these solar bits illuminate in the atmosphere. Auroras are typically more visible in regions at high latitude and may become more noticeable during a “magnetic” storm.
Flare: Occasionally electromagnetic radiation energy explodes on the surface of the sun. It’s hard to imagine the power of these blasts: Try to picture a million hydrogen bombs blowing up all at once! These massive bursts, called solar flares, appear to humans as bright flashes on the sun. Flares range in magnitude, too. Some are almost undetectable while others are so big that they trigger worldwide radio blackouts.
Halo: Fittingly, a solar halo looks like a white ring around the sun. This effect occurs when sun’s light tries to pass through cirrus clouds filled with ice crystals. As the light refracts at a particular angular degree, humans can see the halo. One of the most commonly observed halo variations, especially when the sun is close to the horizon, is the “sundog.” This halo looks like a pair of bright spots, which only show up when ice crystals embedded in clouds align vertically. The section of the sundog closest to the sun can look red, while areas further away from the sun might appear blue or green.
Pillar: Those cool ice crystals are also responsible for another solar phenomena called a pillar. What resembles a pillar of light is actually an occurrence created by the sun’s rays reflecting off of ice crystals into the atmosphere. A great place and time to see a solar pillar is at Niagara Falls in the winter, when sunlight reflects off water particles changing into ice.


Important environmental lessons made simple. That’s the goal of Modern Kids Design's ECO 101, a series breaking down big ideas like ecosystems, climate change, the food chain, energy, healthy food, water, and more into quick, easy fact sheets for busy kids and parents.
Climate change is an especially tricky thing to talk to kids about. Here are some ideas for how to approach this topic.
Climate change and global warming are not happy topics, but kids will inevitably ask about them. With all the bad news about climate change, it can be a scary subject to approach. However, teaching kids the facts can empower them with knowledge—and with ways to fight the problem.
Where to Start When Talking About Climate Change: Terminology
First, it’s good to explain what exactly is going on—not always an easy task with such a complicated subject. It’s good to choose which term you’ll use: climate change or global warming. We recommend climate change. Most scientists agree this is a more accurate term as the effects of climate change are extreme temperatures, not just hot but also cold, as well as drought, hurricanes, and other unusual, extreme weather patterns.
Once you’ve decided on your term, it’s time to discuss how carbon dioxide affects climate.
Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change
Carbon dioxide is a gas that occurs naturally in the world. In fact, it plays an important role in helping to keep our Earth at just the right temperature to sustain life as we know it.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the world has been in balance for millions of years, regulated by the carbon cycle. That cycle ensures that much of the carbon in the world is stored in both living plants and animals as well as dead ones (in the form of coal and oil).
But now, human activity is changing that. When we burn coal and oil, it goes into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide and causes the atmosphere to trap more heat. This makes the world a hotter place—kind of like what would happen if you put an extra heat-trapping layer on a greenhouse.
This change in temperature is leading to big changes in climate, or long-term weather patterns, all around the world. For a great description of the effects of climate change, visit this EPA webpage.
These changes affect just about every living thing on earth. Plants might suffer because of hotter temperatures or lack of rain; animals like the polar bear suffer because they are losing their habitat, ice, as it melts under hotter temperatures. Even humans are affected by heatwaves, long periods of drought, and severe storms like hurricanes and tornadoes.
These are just a few ideas on how to get the conversation rolling. When talking about topics of this magnitude with kids, we think it is also important to leave them with the sense that they can make a difference. So, in our next post, Part 2, entitled 3 Climate Change Activities for Families, we'll share a few tips on how to continue the conversation with your kids and take some action steps so they feel empowered to make a difference.
Have you discussed climate change at home? If so, how did you approach it? We'd love to hear from you at firstname.lastname@example.org. If you are wondering about the pictures, we took them last spring in Paris. The weather patterns were extreme and the flooding was extrordinary to say the least. Thought we'd share them as food for thought. As always, thanks for reading.


When a dehumidifier starts blowing out cold air, it can be a cause for concern. Many people assume that their dehumidifier should always blow out warm air, but this isn’t necessarily the case. In fact, a dehumidifier can blow out cold air for a number of reasons.
One possible reason for a dehumidifier blowing out cold air is that it is working correctly. When a dehumidifier removes moisture from the air, it can cause the air to cool down.
This is because the process of removing moisture involves removing heat from the air. Therefore, it is not uncommon for a dehumidifier to blow out cold air, especially if the air in the room is already cool to begin with.
However, if a dehumidifier is blowing out excessively cold air, or if it is not removing moisture from the air as it should, then there may be a problem.
In this article, we will explore some of the common reasons why your dehumidifier is blowing out cold air, and what you can do to fix the problem.
A dehumidifier is a device that helps to reduce the level of humidity in a room or a building. These devices work by drawing in moist air, cooling it down, and then removing the moisture from the air. As a result, the air that is released back into the room is drier and less humid.
Dehumidifiers are commonly used in areas that have high levels of moisture, such as basements, bathrooms, and laundry rooms. They can help to prevent the growth of mold and mildew, which thrive in humid environments.
Dehumidifiers can also help to reduce the amount of moisture in the air, which can make it easier to breathe for people with allergies or respiratory issues.
There are two main types of dehumidifiers: refrigerant and desiccant. Refrigerant dehumidifiers work by using a refrigeration system to cool down the air and remove moisture.
Desiccant dehumidifiers, on the other hand, use a material such as silica gel to absorb moisture from the air.
Dehumidifiers can also be categorized by their capacity, which is measured in pints per day. The capacity of a dehumidifier determines how much moisture it can remove from the air in a 24-hour period. Larger dehumidifiers are typically used in larger spaces, while smaller dehumidifiers are used in smaller areas.
If a dehumidifier is blowing out cold air, it could be a sign that the device is not functioning properly. In some cases, the cold air could be a result of a refrigerant leak or a malfunctioning compressor.
It is important to address any issues with a dehumidifier promptly to prevent further damage and ensure that the device is working as intended.
Why is My Dehumidifier Blowing Cold Air
When a dehumidifier is blowing out cold air, it can be a sign of various issues. Some of the possible reasons are:
- Low Ambient Temperature: If the room temperature is below the operating range of the dehumidifier, it may blow out cold air. Most dehumidifiers are designed to operate within a specific temperature range, usually between 65°F and 80°F. If the temperature is lower than this range, the dehumidifier may struggle to extract moisture from the air, and as a result, blow out cold air.
- Frost Buildup: Another reason for a dehumidifier blowing cold air is frost buildup on the evaporator coils. When the humidity level in the room is high, and the temperature is low, the moisture in the air can freeze on the coils, leading to frost buildup. This can cause the dehumidifier to blow out cold air instead of warm air.
- Faulty Thermostat: If the thermostat of the dehumidifier is faulty, it may not be able to regulate the temperature properly. This can cause the dehumidifier to blow out cold air instead of warm air.
- Dirty Air Filter: A dirty air filter can restrict the airflow in the dehumidifier, causing it to blow out cold air. It is essential to clean or replace the air filter regularly to ensure proper airflow.
A dehumidifier blowing out cold air can be a sign of various issues, including low ambient temperature, frost buildup, faulty thermostat, or dirty air filter. It is essential to identify the underlying cause and address it promptly to ensure the dehumidifier operates correctly.
Different Types of Dehumidifiers
There are two main types of dehumidifiers: desiccant and compressor. Each type has its own unique features and benefits.
Desiccant dehumidifiers use a desiccant material to absorb moisture from the air. The desiccant material is typically made of silica gel or another moisture-absorbing substance.
These types of dehumidifiers are ideal for use in colder temperatures because they do not produce cold air like compressor dehumidifiers.
Desiccant dehumidifiers are also quieter than compressor dehumidifiers and do not require a compressor or refrigerant. They are often used in small spaces such as closets, bathrooms, and laundry rooms.
Compressor dehumidifiers use a compressor and refrigerant to cool the air and remove moisture. These types of dehumidifiers are more powerful than desiccant dehumidifiers and are ideal for use in larger spaces such as basements and crawl spaces.
Compressor dehumidifiers are also more energy-efficient than desiccant dehumidifiers and can remove more moisture from the air in a shorter amount of time. However, they can be noisy and produce cold air, which may not be ideal in colder temperatures.
While not technically a dehumidifier, air conditioners can also help remove moisture from the air. Air conditioners work by cooling the air and removing moisture as a byproduct. However, they are not as effective as dedicated dehumidifiers and should not be relied upon solely for dehumidification purposes.
Some dehumidifiers use a combination of desiccant and compressor technology. These types of dehumidifiers are known as desiccant models and are ideal for use in colder temperatures where compressor dehumidifiers may struggle.
Desiccant models are typically more expensive than standard desiccant or compressor dehumidifiers but offer the benefits of both technologies. They are often used in larger spaces such as basements and crawl spaces.
Possible Causes of Cold Air
When a dehumidifier is blowing out cold air, it can be frustrating and concerning for the user. Several factors can cause this problem, including low room temperature, faulty components, refrigerant issues, and humidistat problems.
Low Room Temperature
If the room temperature is too low, it can cause the dehumidifier to blow out cold air. Most dehumidifiers are designed to operate within a specific temperature range, usually between 65°F and 80°F. If the room temperature falls below this range, the dehumidifier may struggle to extract moisture from the air, resulting in cold air blowing out of the unit.
A faulty component, such as a broken compressor or malfunctioning control board, can also cause a dehumidifier to blow out cold air. If the compressor is damaged, it may not be able to properly compress the refrigerant, resulting in cold air being blown out of the unit.
Similarly, a malfunctioning control board can cause the dehumidifier to operate improperly, resulting in cold air being blown out of the unit.
Refrigerant issues can also cause a dehumidifier to blow out cold air. If the refrigerant level is too low, the dehumidifier may not be able to properly remove moisture from the air, resulting in cold air being blown out of the unit. Additionally, if the refrigerant is contaminated or damaged, it can cause the dehumidifier to blow out cold air.
A faulty humidistat can also cause a dehumidifier to blow out cold air. The humidistat is responsible for measuring the humidity level in the air and adjusting the dehumidifier’s operation accordingly.
If the humidistat is not functioning properly, it may cause the dehumidifier to operate incorrectly, resulting in cold air being blown out of the unit.
In conclusion, several factors can cause a dehumidifier to blow out cold air, including low room temperature, faulty components, refrigerant issues, and humidistat problems.
It is important to identify the root cause of the problem to properly address it and ensure that the dehumidifier is operating efficiently.
What to Do When Your Dehumidifier is Blowing Cold Air
If your dehumidifier is blowing cold air, it may be a sign of a problem. Here are some steps to take to troubleshoot the issue:
Check the Settings
First, check the settings on your dehumidifier. Make sure it is set to the correct temperature and humidity level. If the settings are incorrect, adjust them accordingly.
If the settings are correct, try troubleshooting the dehumidifier. Check the air filter to make sure it is clean and free of debris. Also, check the coils to make sure they are not frozen or dirty. If the coils are dirty, clean them with a soft brush or vacuum.
Maintenance and Cleaning
Regular maintenance and cleaning can help prevent issues with your dehumidifier. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and maintenance. This may include cleaning the air filter, coils, and other parts of the unit.
Contact the Manufacturer
If you have tried troubleshooting and cleaning the dehumidifier and it is still blowing cold air, contact the manufacturer. They may be able to provide further assistance or offer a warranty repair.
Remember to always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and safety guidelines when working with your dehumidifier. With proper care and maintenance, your dehumidifier should provide reliable service for years to come.
How to Prevent Your Dehumidifier from Blowing Cold Air
To prevent your dehumidifier from blowing cold air, there are several steps you can take:
- Check the humidity level: Make sure the humidity level in the room is not too low. If the humidity level is already low, the dehumidifier may switch to defrost mode, which can cause it to blow out cold air.
- Set the target humidity level correctly: Setting the target humidity level too low can also cause the dehumidifier to blow out cold air. The ideal target humidity level is between 40% and 60%.
- Use the fan mode: If your dehumidifier has a fan mode, use it instead of the dehumidifying mode when the humidity level is already low. This will prevent the dehumidifier from switching to defrost mode and blowing out cold air.
- Check the built-in humidistat: Make sure the built-in humidistat is working properly. If it is not, the dehumidifier may not be able to accurately measure the humidity level in the room, which can cause it to blow out cold air.
By following these steps, you can prevent your dehumidifier from blowing out cold air and ensure that it is working properly to maintain a comfortable humidity level in your home.
The Impact of Dehumidifiers on Indoor Air Quality
Dehumidifiers are an essential tool for maintaining a healthy indoor environment by controlling excess moisture and preventing mold growth. However, some users have reported that their dehumidifiers are blowing out cold air, which can be a cause for concern.
When a dehumidifier is running in ventilating mode, it is normal for it to blow out cool air. This is because the unit is pulling in warm, moist air from the room, and the cooling coils inside the unit are condensing the moisture out of the air, which results in cool air being blown out.
While the cool air may feel uncomfortable for some users, it is important to note that it does not necessarily indicate a problem with the dehumidifier. In fact, the cool air may actually be improving the indoor air quality by removing excess moisture from the air.
It is important to note that a dehumidifier should not be used as a substitute for proper ventilation, especially during the summer months when air conditioners are in use. Air conditioners can help to remove excess moisture from the air, but they are not designed to function as dehumidifiers.
To ensure that a dehumidifier is functioning properly and not blowing out cold air due to a clogged filter or dirty coil, it is important to regularly clean and maintain the unit. A dirty filter or coil can cause the unit to work less efficiently, which can lead to cold air being blown out.
In conclusion, dehumidifiers have a significant impact on indoor air quality by controlling excess moisture and preventing mold growth. While the cool air blown out by the unit may be uncomfortable for some users, it is an indication that the unit is functioning properly and removing excess moisture from the air.
Understanding why a dehumidifier is blowing out cold air is essential to ensure the efficient functioning of the device. A dehumidifier can be a significant ally in maintaining a healthy indoor air quality by controlling excess humidity and preventing mold growth.
While it may blow out cool air as part of its normal operation, excessively cold air might signify various issues such as low ambient temperature, frost buildup, a faulty thermostat, or a dirty air filter.
Regular maintenance, including cleaning or replacing the air filter and checking for frost buildup, can prevent these issues and improve your dehumidifier’s overall effectiveness.
Also, operating your dehumidifier within the appropriate environmental conditions, especially maintaining room temperatures within the device’s operating range, can help prevent cold air output.
If troubleshooting based on these common issues doesn’t resolve the problem, seeking professional help or contacting the manufacturer would be the next step. Understanding the root cause is crucial to rectify the issue and to ensure that the device works efficiently.
With the right knowledge and consistent upkeep, your dehumidifier should continue to enhance your indoor air quality and comfort by maintaining an optimal humidity level.


Climate change and air quality are two of the most pressing issues facing Mankind. This book gives undergraduate and graduate students and professionals working in the science and policy of pollution, climate change and air quality a broad and up-to-date account of our understanding of the processes that occur in the atmosphere, how these are changing as Man's relentless use of natural resources continues and what effects these changes are having on the Earth's climate and the quality of the air we breath. Written by an international team of experts, this text gives an excellent overview of our current understanding of the state of the Earth's atmosphere and how it is changing. It is an invaluable resource for students, teachers and professionals.
End of chapter questions Each chapter includes both basic concepts and more in-depth material, allowing faculty to direct students accordingly Most up-to-date treatment of key issues such as stratospheric chemistry, urban air pollution, and climate change
Hewitt, C. Nicholas|Jackson, Andrea V.|Hewitt, C. Nick|Wells, Arthur James


Watch out for Wilma – the Atlantic’s most powerful recorded hurricane ever. Here is a high-resolution satellite image of Hurricane Wilma over the Caribbean Sea. The image was taken from Satellite Terra on October 19, 2005.
“Gathering strength at a fierce pace, Hurricane Wilma swirled into the most intense Atlantic storm ever recorded Wednesday, a Category 5 monster packing 175 mph wind that forecasts warned was ‘extremely dangerous.’
“Wilma was dumping rain on Central America and Mexico, and forecasters warned of a ‘significant threat’ to Florida by the weekend. ‘All interests in the Florida Keys and the Florida peninsula should closely monitor the progress of extremely dangerous Hurricane Wilma,’ the National Hurricane Center in Miami said.
“Wilma’s confirmed pressure readings Wednesday morning dropped to 882 millibars the lowest minimum pressure ever measured in a hurricane in the Atlantic basin, according to the hurricane center. Lower pressure translates into higher wind speed.”


Forecasting is predicting the future with the help of present and past data. It uses the concept of Exponential Smoothing to predict the future. The Power BI desktop has a very nifty feature of forecasting. This article will describe the process with practical data.
The data has been collected from Wikipedia using the data scraping feature provided in Power BI. I have described here how you can load the data from the web with this feature.
The data I have collected has several years of information on the monthly and annual rainfall of different regions of India. This data can be used to predict the rainfall of those particular regions for the coming years.
I have selected only a single region including West Bengal and Sikkim with rainfall data from 1901 to 2016. The rainfall has been recorded in mm. On the basis of these many years data, lets try to predict what will be the rainfall of next 5 years.
Here is a glimpse of the data.
Creating the line chart
In order to apply the Forecasting feature in the Power BI desktop, we need to create a line chart first. The line chart option is available in the “
Visualizations” pane of the application.
Select the “
Line chart” option from visualizations and then select appropriate variables from “
The next step is selecting the “Year” as the Axis variable and “Annual” rainfall in the Values. Consequently, the line chart will be created.
Forecasting in the Power BI desktop
Now as the line chart is ready we need to create a Forecast for future time points. In “
Visualizations” pane, under “
Analytics” you can get the option for “
Forecast“. But unless your data has at least 60-time points the option will not be available.
Go with the default values of Forecast and click apply. Now forecast for 10 future time points is produced. As in my case each year is individual time point, so forecast for next 10 years will be produced.
The confidence interval is 95% by default. In layman language, out of 100 times the experiment conducted, 95 times the forecast will lie within the interval shown around the forecast values.
But you can see the forecast produced, does not appear to be very realistic. It has no similarity with the historical trend. So, something is wrong here. The seasonality is left to be selected automatically which is not working in the present case.
Seasonality in Forecasting
We need to provide appropriate value to the “
Seasonality“. This parameter is the most important in the case of forecasting. So let’s try to adjust these value to get the most accurate result.
Seasonality in time series forecasting refers to a time period during which the data shows some regular and predictable changes. This period may be weeks, months or years with a cyclic pattern.
This cycle we can identify from the line chart we created. If we closely analyze the line chart and zoom it a little, we can notice the line repeats a pattern every 5-6 years period.
So, I will try to create the forecast with seasonality values close to 5 time points.
Checking accuracy of the forecast
To check the performance of the forecast, the forecast tool of the Power BI desktop has one feature “Ignore last”. It simply help us to produce the forecast leaving the last few points as mentioned in this field.
Which means, for this many time period we have both the observed as well as forecast values. Thus we can compare how precise the forecast is.
If we take seasonality of 4 and 6 time points, the forecast has big differences with the observed ones. See the below images. For example, for the year 2011, the actual rainfall is 2418.70mm and the forecast is 2733.56mm.
Again if we set seasonality as 6, again the forecast is very different from the original value.
But if we provide seasonality as 5 we achieve the best forecast with the closest values to the original rainfall. If we again take the example of the year 2011, with seasonality as 6 time points, the rain forecast is 2337.89mm.
The “Format” option allows us to change the style of the forecast report generated. We can change the confidence interval pattern, line pattern and colour etc.


On August 21, a solar eclipse will be cutting through the United States. For most of the country, including New Mexico, the eclipse will be partial. This means only part of the sun’s surface will be blocked by the moon and there will be no point during which it will be safe to look at the sun without proper eye protection. The only place where it will be safe to view the sun directly will be a relatively narrow path from Oregon to South Carolina, and then only for a little over two minutes while the sun is totally eclipsed.
Come to the museum for a safe look at the partial eclipse through several different devices, weather permitting. About 73% of the sun will hidden by the moon as seen from Albuquerque during the eclipse’s midpoint at 11:45 a.m. MDT. A live broadcast of the eclipse from NASA will be shown in the planetarium along with real-time tracking of the moon's journey in front of the sun. For complete information about the eclipse, visit: eclipse2017.nasa.gov/
Please note that the regularly-scheduled planetarium shows at 11 a.m. and 12 p.m. will be canceled on August 21.


Research Paper In Global Warming
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It can be a determining factor in preserving our humanity. Becoming educated about going green is a great method for addressing global warming Dec 06, 2011 · Global warming has had extreme effects on the planet. While this may sound like a small number, it has heavily impacted other aspects of our global ecosystem, and it is continuing to rise at a faster rate. Discuss the causes of each. It is a Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's heat and. Explain how each process may harm living things. Global warming, also known as global Recommendation Letter For Interior Designer climate change, is a topic that draws enormous interest from scientific researchers. Term paper on Global Warming Global warming should be a concern for modern day humanity. Many people confuse the large void in the ozone layer with global warming. 3.5/5 (15) Global Warming Research Papers - Academia.edu www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming View Global Warming Research Papers on Academia.edu for free.. Can you distinguish between the two phenomena? Summer Holidays Essay
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Writing a research paper is a difficult task that can take you over two weeks to complete. Who Should it Concern Usually, the paper takes into account all the stakeholders, but sometimes they can be narrowed to a particular group of people, field, domain, or geographic region (PDF) Research Paper on cause and effect of Global Warming | Biranchi Poudyal - Academia.edu Most scientists also agree that global warming is the result of human activity. Earth’s average surface temperature has been increasing; since the 1880s, temperature has increased by between 1 and 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average Do My Communication Argumentative Essay temperature of Earth's climate system. You are not a professional writer and don’t have enough writing experience to write a global warming essay in a few days. Preventive measures can be implemented to enhance the quality of the air we breathe and the environment we live in. This means that you risk being late with your assignment and getting penalized We should start with a research paper about global warming. Because climate change impacts numerous other sciences -- such as, biology, environmental science and geology -- the subject provides opportunities for a. Opponents argue that the correlation between higher levels of greenhouse gases and the earth's warming trend do not necessarily mean that the greenhouse gases are. .Your response should be at least 200 words in length Global Warming Topics for a Research Paper. (Refer to the additional reading for this Unit).
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The year 2022 may continue the pattern of the world’s warmest years, according to the United Kingdom’s Met Office.
The weather office has predicted that the global average temperature would be between 0.97 degrees Celsius and 1.21 degrees Celsius (°C) higher than the pre-industrial average (1850-1900), with a core estimate of 1.09 °C.
This will be the eighth straight year that the global average temperature would cross the 1°C.
The ongoing moderate La Nina conditions, anticipated to last until March, coupled with other worldwide climatic phenomena have been taken into account to compute the predicted global average temperature.
What has not been taken into account are unanticipated events such as volcanic eruptions that can potentially have a cooling impact on temperatures briefly.
The La Nina is the cooling phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation phenomena and generally has a cooling effect on world temperatures. This is why the estimates for temperature rise have been lower in both 2021 and 2022 than some earlier years such as 2020.
The estimate for 2020 was of 1.19°C. The year took scientists and spectators by surprise as the observed world average temperature was 1.27°C above pre industrial levels, barely 0.01°C less than 2016 (1.28°C) which is remains the hottest year ever recorded.
There was a very strong El Nino event in the east and central Pacific Ocean in 2016 that would have supported the increase in world temperatures.
But such an event did not happen in 2020, illustrating the influence of global warming due to human greenhouse gas emissions, according to the World Meteorological Organization.
“Forecasts for the coming year illustrate that the rise of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is now warming the globe at such a rate as to make the El Nino years at the end of the 1990s cooler than the La Nina years two decades later, ” Adam Scaife, head of Long Range Prediction at the Met Office, said in a press release.
The press release also underlined that the warming in different parts of the planet is sometimes disguised by the worldwide average. For instance, the Arctic region warmed at more than twice the rate as the rest of the world in 2021.
For 2021, the Met Office had anticipated a centre estimate for world average temperature of 1.11°C. Data till September of last year shows the average world temperature being 1.09°C above the pre industrial levels.
It was the sixth warmest year on record despite La Nina episodes at the beginning and close of the year. The world also witnessed the impact of warming in the form of record-breaking extreme weather occurrences all through 2021, especially in the Arctic region.


| < October >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Verona in October is mild at 13.4 °C (56.12 °F).
- Afternoons can be somewhat warm with average high temperatures reaching 18.4 °C (65.1 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally a little cool with an average low of 8.4 °C (47.1 °F).
- The mean daily temperature variation/ range in October is 10 °C (18 °F).
- The weather in October is dryish with sporadic rain. Just 81.5mm (3.2in) of water is dumped across an average of 7 days.
- The blue above Verona is slightly fair having on balance a mediocre 5:05 of splendid solar radiation per day.
- The shortest day is 10:06 long and the longest day is 11:38 long with an average length of 10:51.
- There are approximately 5:34 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 47.8% of daylight hours and cloudy 52.2% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Verona October averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for October in Verona, Italy
Navigate to October Weather in Locations Surrounding Verona:
- Bolzano/ Bozen, Trentino-Alto Adige/ Südtirol, Italy - 124.3 kms (77.2 miles) NNE
- Rolle Pass, Italy - 123.4 kms (76.7 miles) NE
- Paganella Mountain, Italy - 86.7 kms (53.9 miles) N
- Istrana, Italy - 101.5 kms (63.1 miles) ENE
- Treviso, Italy - 106.1 kms (66 miles) ENE
- Vicenza, Italy - 55.4 kms (34.4 miles) ENE
- Venice, Italy - 116.1 kms (72.1 miles) E
- Padova, Italy - 78.8 kms (49 miles) E
- Bologna, Italy - 101 kms (62.7 miles) SSE


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As global temperatures continue to rise, scientists are wondering if we need solutions beyond reducing emissions. Enter geoengineering. From sucking carbon straight out of the air to physically blocking out sunlight, the options may seem far-fetched. Can geoengineering really work? How much would it cost? And what are the risks of engineering Earth's climate?
The world's average temperature has increased 1°C in just the past 100 years. Extreme weather and rising seas are already causing global unrest, and many scientists believe that if we cannot curb planetary warming, it could pose an existential threat to human civilization. As it becomes clear that emission reductions alone may not be enough to avoid dire effects of climate change, a growing collective of scientists and engineers are developing technologies to hack Earth's operating system—from manipulating our atmosphere to reflect sunlight, to sucking carbon dioxide right out of the air, to enlisting plants to do the job for us. This is the controversial landscape of geoengineering—the effort to build controls for Earth's thermostat. NOVA joins scientists and skeptics alike to examine technologies that could help us combat a looming threat.
|Bild:||Widescreen 16:9 Anamorfisk|
|Ljud:||Engelska DD Stereo|
Upplagd i sortimentet: 21 januari, 2021


The National Weather Service is predicting a snowstorm in NYC this week.
Our Hazardous Wx Outlook states potential for significant coastal storm bringing heavy snow and/or rain, strong winds, and coastal flood impacts towards mid next week. Potential extent of precip as well as potential factors that drive development of the storm are shown by WPC. https://t.co/wK2dCB3Rrv
— NWS New York NY (@NWSNewYorkNY) December 12, 2020
According to weather.com, the storm is likely to hit NYC on Wednesday afternoon and continue into Thursday morning, and will be followed by a cold but sunny Friday.
— Storm Team 4 NY (@StormTeam4NY) December 13, 2020
The Department of Sanitation has issued a ‘Winter Operations Advisory,’ through which it will “coordinate with other City agencies on snow clearing protocol in accordance with each agency’s written snow plan.” The advisory further adds that “All relevant city agencies have been notified and the Department will continue to monitor forecasts as the snow event approaches.”


Coronavirus makes planning for an lively hurricane season even more durable
Folks take shelter on the George R. Brown Conference Middle after flood waters from Hurricane Harvey inundated town on August 29, 2017 in Houston, Texas.
Catastrophe officers within the midst of responding to the coronavirus pandemic now have one other potential disaster to fret about: hurricane season.
The Nationwide Hurricane Middle predicted Thursday that will probably be an above-normal Atlantic hurricane season, with between 13 and 19 named storms. Forecasters mentioned three to 6 main hurricanes with winds of greater than 111 miles per hour might kind through the season, which formally begins on June 1.
The Atlantic has already produced Tropical Storm Arthur, which brushed the Carolinas earlier than heading off to sea earlier this week. It could possibly be only a glimpse of what is forward.
The final two years have seen an above-normal variety of named storms with 18 in 2019 and 15 in 2018.
This yr, the Covid-19 disaster is complicating the job for emergency administration officers who say they’ve…


HEAVY RAIN WARNINGS IN FORCE FOR THE NORTHERN NORTH ISLAND AND UPPER SOUTH ISLAND.
Northland, Auckland and Coromandel Peninsula
Periods of rain or showers. Thunderstorms and localised downpours at times, especially in the afternoons and evenings.
Waikato to Manawatu, including Bay of Plenty and the central high country. A few showers, turning to periods of rain this evening or tonight. Localised downpours and thunderstorms possible, mainly overnight and again from tomorrow afternoon.
Passenger reports trains halted on the tracks near Glen Innes due to flooding
Auckland Today FC2ランキング


ST. LOUIS – NASA says a meteor seen streaking through the sky behind the Gateway Arch was a basketball-size hunk of rock that broke off from an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reports that experts used hundreds of witness accounts from as far away as South Dakota and Minnesota along with two videos to calculate information about the meteor.
They determined that the approximately 220-pound rock traveled through the sky Monday night at 33,500 mph, causing a sonic boom. A NASA weather satellite helped the agency confirm it was brighter than Venus in the sky, making it a fireball.
Bill Cooke, of the NASA Meteoroid Environments Office in Huntsville, Ala., said it broke into pieces 12 miles above the ground.
Now, meteorite hunters are scouring farm fields for remnants of the rock.
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reports that several Washington University researchers and a separate duo that included Science Channel show “Meteorite Men” costar Steve Arnold began their search Wednesday. They used NASA weather radar data to find a promising field in Warren County, about 70 miles west of St. Louis.
They found nothing in that field, nor in a nearby cattle pasture after data suggested that wind may have changed the meteorite’ path. The scientists called it quits after about 7 ½ hours of searching, although they said they might try again another day.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


My paintings document the changes of our coral reefs in a short 36-year period, and the ensuing dismay at such a great loss. The Great Barrier Reef, experienced a significant coral bleaching event, affecting 1/3 of the reef in 2015, and more bleaching occurred in 2017, one of the warmest years on record for our planet.
What causes the bleaching of coral? Scientists agree the invisible CO2 pollution we send into our air when we fly, drive, eat beef, heat our homes by burning fossil fuels, effectively wraps a blanket around our planet, making the oceans too warm for coral to thrive. The coral expels the algae on which it feeds, which compromises its survival.
Experience the 16 and 6 tons per capita air pollution Americans, and Swedes dump into the atmosphere annually. The earth can manage 2 tons CO2/per capita annually.


Happiness held is the seed; happiness shared is the flower. –Anonymous
It is a lovely hot summer day in South Texas. Things are looking better and better for at least the chance of rain in a few days from a weather disturbance coming into the gulf.
Weathermen are trying to control themselves but they are getting excited. It could be tropical storm “Don” by the end of today.
Pray for rain! We need it and even if the storm goes north of us…..they need it too!!! I can’t tell you how exciting it would be to have a rainy weekend!
We are having a pretty awesome hump day. I’m off to do a few fun things……have a great evening!


These experiences (whether at NASA, NOAA, EPA, DOE or other federal or state agencies) are important both to our students’ academic careers, as they provide context and generate ideas for independent research projects, and to their professional careers. We are working to strengthen and formalize our relationships with these organizations, so that we may offer internship opportunities for all AOSC undergraduate majors. As part of this effort we expect to introduce summer courses for rising sophomore students to expose them to internship opportunities in the region via field trips to research and forecasting laboratories in the region and to provide some oversight for the students involved in internships. When selecting internship opportunities, look for work that could become the focus of the student’s independent research project (AOSC 498).
Downtown TV stations: DC and Baltimore
Fellowships and Awards
- Louis Allen Memorial Scholarship Fund in Meteorology
- Purpose: Annual $500 scholarship to undergraduate or graduate student
- Criteria: Interest in meteorology or weather forecasting. GPA >= 3.00,
resident of the Washington metro area. Must be eligible to take, be taking,
or haven taken AOSC400/401.
- College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences
- NOAA Student Career Experience Program (SCEP)
- Purpose: A co-op program which offers undergraduate and graduate students majoring in computer science, mathematics, meteorology, oceanography, physics, and statistics
an opportunity to alternate full-time paid employment with periods of
- AMS Scholarships and Fellowships
The American Meteorological Society (AMS) administers an array of graduate fellowships and undergraduate scholarships with the support of its members, corporations, and government agencies nationwide. The fellowships and scholarships help further the education of outstanding graduate and undergraduate students pursuing a career in the atmospheric and related oceanic or hydrologic sciences.
- American Meteorological Society: Father James B. Macelwane Annual Awards
- A $300 first prize is available to the best student paper concerning some phase of the atmospheric sciences. Any registered undergraduate student of a college or university in the Americas is eligible, provided that the student was also enrolled as an undergraduate at the time the paper was written. No more than two students from any one institution may enter.
- The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ernest F. Hollings (Hollings) scholarship program is designed to:
- Increase undergraduate training in oceanic and atmospheric science, research, technology, and education and foster multidisciplinary training opportunities;
- Increase public understanding and support for stewardship of the ocean and atmosphere and improve environmental literacy;
- Recruit and prepare students for public service careers with NOAA and other natural resource and science agencies at the federal, state and local levels of government; and
- Recruit and prepare students for careers as teachers and educators in oceanic and atmospheric science and to improve scientific and environmental education in the United States.
- NCAR Undergraduate Leadership Workshop
- The purpose of this workshop is to inform students about exciting research and career opportunities in the atmospheric and related sciences. The five-day program establishes informal dialogue between students and research scientists as the students explore the laboratories, instrumentation, and computing facilities that support studies on weather, climate change, solar dynamics, the Sun-Earth system, and impacts of severe weather and climate change on societies around the world.
University of Maryland Faculty
All of our faculty are encouraged to support undergraduate research, so students may seek out research opportunities within the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and other departments as well.
See a list of Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Faculty Mentors here.
Faculty in other departments are also willing to serve as mentors!


In 2021, North America witnessed severe heatwaves and searing wildfires in British Columbia, California, and other parts of the west. Lytton, BC recorded a Canadian record high temperature of 49.6˚C on June 30th, before being completely destroyed by wildfire on June 31st. In Ontario, a record-breaking 120 mm of rainfall fell within 48 hours in London in September 2021, causing intense flooding. Collectively, all these events present local evidence of a planet in the grip of weather extremes fueled by rising carbon emissions.
The Canadian Institute for Climate Choices in their Tip of the Iceberg report (2020) found that the combined losses per weather-related disaster soared in just four decades by 1250% – from an average of $8.3 million per event in the 1970s to an average of $112 million between 2010–2019.
As part of the Paris Agreement on climate change, countries committed to keeping global warming well below 2˚C above pre-industrial levels while trying to limit the temperature increase to 1.5˚C. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) examined the difference in impacts between a 1.5˚C and 2˚C temperature increase. Their findings suggest that the world will face severe climate impacts even with 1.5˚C of warming, and the impacts will worsen significantly with a 2˚C rise.
The IPCC Special Report found that at 2˚C warming, countries like Canada will see an increase in heavy rainfall events compared to 1.5˚C warming. More Canadian municipalities will get impacted by flooding and increased runoff. Recent costs of extreme precipitation and related events for Ontario’s municipalities include – in July 2021, severe thunderstorms and a resultant tornado destroyed 150 homes leading to $75 million in insured damages in Barrie, Ontario. A May 2018 wind and rainstorm in Hamilton & the GTA resulted in losses of over $500m. These events are likely going to multiply if the temperature rises by 2˚C.
At Earth’s mid-latitudes, the hottest days will be up to 3˚C hotter at 1.5˚C global warming and up to 4˚C warmer at 2˚C warming. Eastern North America will face some of the warmest extreme temperatures. The soaring temperatures seen in British Columbia in the summer of 2021 indicate that huge temperature spikes can occur where they are least expected. This single event led to more than 560 deaths. At warming above 1.5˚C, residents of twice as many cities are likely to become heat stressed, potentially leading to extreme heat exhaustion and death.
A 2°C increase could also lead to expansion and shifts in the geographic range of vector-borne diseases. The number of people infected with vector-borne diseases is projected to increase. For example, rising temperatures in Canada have led to a range expansion of ticks carrying Lyme disease. In Ontario, 1003 cases of Lyme disease were reported in 2017, which is three times higher than the annual average of 313 cases from 2012 to 2016.
Besides these, there are numerous impacts associated with the rising temperatures that are difficult to quantify including a rise in concentrations of ground-level ozone impacting the health of people, mental health impacts on people due to weather-related disasters, changing precipitation conditions making homes uninhabitable, threatening drinking water supplies and increasing food insecurity to name a few.
Municipalities have influence over roughly 50% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada. Despite constrained resources, now, more than ever, municipalities are working towards stronger climate actions. To limit their greenhouse gas emissions, the City of Edmonton was the first in Canada to create a 135 Mt carbon budget and more municipalities are following the lead. Across Canada, municipalities are adopting Green Development Standards to create cleaner, more cost-effective, and energy-efficient communities in the future. Climate change inclusion needs to occur within various municipal plans for well-rounded decision-making. Sharing successes and lessons learnt with their peers will help municipalities take collaborative and strong climate action.
By, Devanshi Kukadia, Research and Communications Manager


Atmospheric governance and monitoring support policies are continuously introduced
Air quality monitoring is still the top priority of environmental monitoring. In February 2019, in order to fully implement the relevant requirements of the "Three-year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War", the Ministry of Ecology and Environment compiled the "Key Points of National Air Pollution Prevention and Control Work in 2019" to guide all localities to do a solid job in the prevention and control of air pollution in 2019. Continuously improve the ambient air quality. In April of the same year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "2019 Prefectural Level and Above Urban Ambient Air Volatile Organic Compound Monitoring Program". It is required that 337 cities at prefecture level and above in the country should carry out the monitoring of ambient air non-methane total hydrocarbons (NMHC) and VOCs component indicators. In June 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Comprehensive Treatment Plan for Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries", proposing to establish a sound VOCs pollution prevention and management system by 2020, and achieve significant results in the treatment of VOCs in key areas and key industries, and complete the "13th Five-Year Plan" The planned target task of reducing VOCs emissions by 10%, coordinated control of greenhouse gas emissions, and promoted continuous improvement of ambient air quality.
In July 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Industrial Furnace and Kiln Air Pollution Comprehensive Treatment Plan" to guide localities to strengthen the comprehensive control of industrial furnace air pollution, coordinate control of greenhouse gas emissions, and promote high-quality industrial development. In October 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas 2019-2020 autumn and winter comprehensive control action plan"; in November, the "Yangtze River Delta region 2019-2020 autumn and winter comprehensive control action plan for air pollution" "The Action Plan for the Comprehensive Treatment of Air Pollution in the Autumn and Winter of the Fenwei Plain in 2019-2020" has arranged tasks and measures for the comprehensive management of air pollution in key areas.
Biomass gasification technology is a technology that converts various biomass energy sources (such as agricultural and forestry waste, domestic organic waste, etc.) into fuel gas through gasification, and then provides fuel gas to power generator unit for power generation. Biomass gasification power generation can not only effectively use renewable energy, but also reduce the environmental pollution raising from various organic wastes.


ENSCO is a recognized expert in many areas of weather forecasting. ENSCO’s meteorology product line is designed to bring comprehensive meteorological data clearly and efficiently to decision makers.
ENSCO’s MetWise® family of products and data services is a real time and analytical weather system that ingest sensor data and use advanced analytical models and techniques to display the data to end users in the aviation, launch and utilities communities. With our source of National Weather Service data delivered from all over the world via NOAAPORT, we are able to provide up to the minute, high resolution weather models and observations.
ENSCO provides complete services, including commercial launch safety application to all launch operators as a domain expert with experienced staff in all safety disciplines.
STARS enables end-users to build custom simulations for any application, including aerospace, automotive, or industrial.
ENSCO's MetWise® family of products and services can be used to visualize all types of meteorological information and enable users to create and distribute the most effective decision assistance tools.


The CDA thermometer is intended for measurement of the atmosphere temperature in waste incinerators.It can be used for gas or flame temperature measurement in a variety of other plant situations provided there is sufficient path length.
Its reading is unaffected by cold CO2so it will ‘see through’ a cold combustion atmosphere to measure a hot atmosphere beyond.
- The CDA thermometer fits the standard Land System 4 mounting accessories and protection jackets which can be air or water-cooled. The sighting tube should normally be air-purged.
- The thermometer operates on a simple 2-wire loop connection and outputs a 4 to 20mA signal linear with temperature.
- The thermometer reading is insensitive to the presence of gasses other than CO2 and is relatively insensitive to particulate matter in the atmosphere – i.e. it measures true gas temperature.
It can be used for gas or flame temperature measurement in a variety of other plant situations provided there is sufficient path length. Its reading is unaffected by cold CO2 so it will ‘see through’ a cold combustion atmosphere to measure a hot atmosphere beyond.
In an incinerator it can be pictured as an ‘invisible thermocouple’ extending into the atmosphere above the bed by perhaps 2 metres/6.5 feet (penetration depth depends on atmosphere conditions). In use it is fitted wholly external to the incinerator, usually to a flanged tube penetrating the wall.
|Range:||400 to 1800°C|
|Field of view:||20mm/0.79in parallel to 600mm/23.6in (nominal)|
|Output:||4 to 20mA linear (2-wire loop connection)|
|Response time:||1 to 10s adjustable|
|Emissivity adjustment:||0.10 to 1.00 in 0.01 increments|
|Accuracy (absolute):||<0.5% Kelvin over 600 to 1600°C/1112 to 2912°F
<1% Kelvin over 400 to 600°C/752 to 1112°F
<1% Kelvin over 1600 to 1800°C/2912 to 3272°F
|Ambient temp. limits:||0 to 50°C/32 to 122°F|
|Drift with ambient temp.:||<2° per 10° ambient change|
|Drift with time:||<1°C/2°F per year|
|Power supply:||11 to 45V d.c.|
|Sealing:||To IP65/NEMA4X requirements|
|CE:||EN 50-082-2 (immunity), EN 50-081-1 (emission), IEC 1010 (safety)|
|Vibration:||3G, any axis, 10 to 300Hz|
Continuous product development may make it necessary to change these details without notice.
|CDA Incinerator thermometer – datasheet|


What pressure is considered normal?
Pressure tensile concept. The pressure is physical (on something), the pressure is atmospheric or arterial. And so the request: what pressure is considered normal - the question is also extensive.
What atmospheric pressure is considered normal
To begin with, we will determine that atmospheric pressure is the force with which the atmosphere presses on the Earth’s surface and all objects in the atmosphere. It is measured by a barometer, created by gravitational attraction to the Earth.
Millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) are the units of measurement of atmospheric pressure; in the SI system today Pascalis (Pa) is taken as a unit.
The standard is atmospheric pressure at a temperature of +15 degrees (Celsius) at sea level. This norm is 760 mm Hg, which is 101 325 Pa.
Blood pressure: normal
Like atmospheric pressure, blood pressure is highly variable and depends on many factors. For example, taking certain medications that affect pressure; receiving stimulants (coffee, tea,amphetamines); even psychological state and time of day have an effect. However, on average, there are indications of which blood pressure is considered normal.
Allocate upper (systolic) and lower (diastolic) blood pressure.
- Systolic (first digit) - pressure at the time of compression of the heart, pushing blood into the arteries. This pressure depends on the strength of the contraction of the heart.
- Diastolic (second digit) - pressure in the arteries at the time of the relaxed heart muscle.
- Normal is the difference between systolic and diastolic (pulse) pressure = 30 - 40 mm Hg.
- Blood pressure is measured in the same mm Hg.
A typical rate of blood pressure for relatively healthy people over the age of 17 is considered to be 120/80 mm Hg.
It should be said about pathologies, persistent increase in pressure (arterial hypertension) = 140/90; and persistent decrease (hypotension) = 90/50.
- Adolescents 16-17 years old with normal development. On average, the rate of blood pressure = 129/69 mm Hg
- Most often there is an increase in blood pressure with age, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
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The following equipment and facilities are listed under this category.
Absolute pressure measuring instrument Testo 511 is used to measure absolute pressure, e.g. for density compensation in flow measurement in ducts, laboratories and production processes. Other measurement parameters are barometric air pressure (= air
Determination soil moisture, temperature and conductivity
Digital temperature, humidity and air flow meter
This instrument allows studying, measuring and controlling the microclimate in the workplace or living rooms, and calculation of PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) indices.
Multifunction HVAC and IAQ Meter.Easily measure flow speed, volume flow, air humidity and air temperature in one sequence, perfect for HVAC and IAQ applications.
The professional data logger testo 177-T4 with up to 4 external temperature probe connections is used for simultaneous data recording at different locations. With the testo 177-T4, refrigerated and deep-freeze rooms can be monitored non-stop and the


Check-In / Check-Out
4:00 p.m. Check-In
11:00 a.m. Check-Out
Weather & Climate
Be prepared for a wide range of weather conditions. Temperatures vary with changes in elevation and seasons. Day/night temperatures may differ by over 30 degrees Fahrenheit.
Spring weather at Zion National Park is very unpredictable. Stormy, wet days are common, but warm, sunny weather may occur too.
Precipitation peaks in March and September. Spring wildflowers bloom from April through June, peaking in May.
Summer days are hot (95-100 degrees F.), but overnight lows are usually comfortable (65-70 degrees F.) Afternoon thunderstorms are common from mid-July through mid-September.
Storms may produce waterfalls as well as flash floods.
Fall days are usually clear and mild; nights are often cool. Autumn color displays begin in September in the high country, and in Zion Canyon in early November.
Winters in Zion National Park are fairly mild. Winter storms bring rain or light snow to Zion Canyon, but heavier snow to the higher elevations. Clear days may become quite warm, reaching 60 degrees F.; nights are often in the 20s and 30s. Winter storms can last several days and cause roads to be icy, especially on the east side of Zion. Zion roads are plowed, except the Kolob Terrace Road, which is closed in winter. Be prepared for winter driving conditions from November through March.Age Limits
Zion Ponderosa offers damage insurance for $20.00 per person, per stay. This insurance is for damage caused by a customer to an ATV. If the rider chooses not to purchase the insurance and damages the ATV, a $200.00 damage assessment fee will be charged automatically.
** Zion Ponderosa Resort is an exclusive outdoor recreational facility. Weather conditions are monitored daily. Due to inclement weather some adventure activities may be changed or canceled.