Anemometers are standard weather station equipment, and they are useful in measuring the wind speed, chill, and direction. The equipment is also vital for anyone who spends their time on boats and extreme weather locations. Handheld anemometers are trending in this sector since they are easily portable and highly accurate. They enable you to acquire essential measurements on the wind speed, direction, and chill on your wrist within a matter of seconds.
A myriad of functionalities and designs come along with the various anemometers available in the market today. Browsing through the enormous list can quickly become complicated, and we have done in-depth research on your behalf to get you the best of the best. The top 10 best digital Thermo-anemometers in this article are simple and sophisticated. They come with the best value for their money.
- List of 10 Best Wind Speeds in 2024 | Digital Thermo Anemometer
- #10. ZYL-YL Measuring Tester Digital Anemometer
- #9. ZOTO Anemometer Handheld with LCD Color Screen
- #8. AOPUTTRIVER Digital Anemometer
- #7. RockyMars RA30 Digital Anemometer Thermometer
- #6. Pyle Digital Wind Speed Anemometer Handheld
- #5. General Tools DCFM8906 Digital Air Flow Meter
- #4. Extech 45118 Mini Waterproof Thermo Anemometer
- #3. Kestrel Pocket Wind Anemometer
- #2. Proster Handheld Anemometer
- #1. BTMETER BT-100 Handheld Anemometer
- Buying Guide
List of 10 Best Wind Speeds in 2024 | Digital Thermo Anemometer
#10. ZYL-YL Measuring Tester Digital Anemometer
The ZYL-YL digital anemometer is small and lightweight enough to carry comfortably in your pocket, and the packaging includes a storage bag with a sling to help you carry it around conveniently. This makes it the perfect anemometer to take to your shooting, camping, hiking, traveling, biking, and other activities. The digital display automatically shuts down after an idle duration to save on power.
The digital anemometer consumes very little power, and an alert will warn you of a low battery. The one-hand crafting makes it easy to handle the gadget in combination with the readily accessible buttons and a led display with automatic backlighting that makes the display easily readable. The digital anemometer comes with a variety of measurements such as altitude, pressure, dew point, heat index, humidity, temperature, air cooling, and wind speed.
#9. ZOTO Anemometer Handheld with LCD Color Screen
The Zoto anemometer enables you to measure both air flow and air velocity, making it the ideal equipment to use in a weather data collection. The highly accurate anemometer allows you to interchange the units. It measures the wind speed in a range of 0.8 to 40 meters per second, 1.4 to 144 kilometers per hour, 1.3 to 131.2 feet per second, 0.8 to 77 knots, 0.9 to 90 miles per hour, and 78 to 7874 feet per minute all with a 2 percent error margin.
The Beaufort wind scale with a 0 to 18 range is visible on the display as you measure the airspeed. Pressing the “H” button on the equipment holds the current reading the pressing the button again will make the device start another measurement. The REC button enables the device to display the average, lowest, and highest readings on display. A ten-minute idle time leads to the device to an automatic shutdown to conserve the power.
#8. AOPUTTRIVER Digital Anemometer
The anemometer ranges from 0.3 meters per second to 30 meters per second with a resolution of 0.1 meters per second and 0.2 degrees Celsius. A low battery warning protects you from unexpected out of charge shutdowns. The anemometer also comes with a wind chill indicator, and it measures the wind speed in five various units, including miles per hour, knots, feet per min, kilometers per hour, and meters per second.
The anemometer also measures wind temperature in degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit and a temperature range of 14 degrees Fahrenheit or -10 degrees Celsius to 113 degrees Fahrenheit or 45 degrees Celsius. The maximum wind speed measurable by the anemometer is 67.1 miles per hour, with a five percent error accuracy. Eight sensitive vanes enable you to measure HVAC installations, Duct vents, and CFM calculations. A bottom hole is available to install the tripod and work hands-free.
#7. RockyMars RA30 Digital Anemometer Thermometer
The digital anemometer and thermometer measure wind velocity at a range of 0 meters per second to 30 meters per second with a 0.1 meters per second resolution and a five percent accuracy. The equipment uses various units, including meters per second, miles per hour, knots, feet per minute, and kilometers per hour.
The thermometer measures the wind temperature in a range of -10 degrees Celsius or 14 degrees Fahrenheit to 50 degrees Celsius or 122 degrees Fahrenheit. The sampling occurs twice in every second to deliver real-time measurements. An automatic shutdown feature enables the anemometer to save on power consumption, and it can be disabled. The anemometer captures the average, maximum, minimum, and hold readings.
#6. Pyle Digital Wind Speed Anemometer Handheld
The Pyle thermo-anemometer is a multipurpose gadget that measures the temperature, wind speed, air velocity, and airflow or volume. The anemometer comes with a detachable impeller that is liable for measuring the wind velocity, which is vital for foretelling the global climate and weather patterns. The gadget is lightweight and compact, enabling you to carry it to your outdoor activities conveniently.
The anemometer comes with exciting features such as the memory and record recall that is handy in viewing the history of the readings, freezing, or holding the current reading. The anemometer also measures the current, maximum, minimum, and average wind velocity readings. The huge LCD has backlighting enabling you to capture the measurements even in darkness. You can measure the wind speed in knots, feet, meters, kilometers, and miles.
#5. General Tools DCFM8906 Digital Air Flow Meter
The general tools digital anemometer comes with a one-hand design to make it easy to use as you perform other activities with the other hand, such as taking notes. The equipment measures wind speed in five units, including meters per second, kilometers per hour, feet per minute, and cubic feet per minute. The anemometer measures an airflow ranging from 80 to 5900.
The digital anemometer also measures wind temperature ranging from 14 degrees Fahrenheit to 122 degrees Fahrenheit. The anemometer uses a nine volts battery and a hard transportation case for its protection against breaking on accidental falls. The anemometer is ideal for blowers, exhausts, environment, and HVAC installments. A lightweight of 5.4 ounces makes it easy for you to carry the gadget around in your field trip.
#4. Extech 45118 Mini Waterproof Thermo Anemometer
The pocket-sized Extech anemometer comes with a pocket-size and flip crafting that comes as an extension and a hard case to protect the equipment from accidental falls and spills. The digital anemometer shows the ambient temperature and wind velocity on a dual display. The anemometer has a measuring range of between 100 feet per minute to 5500 feet per minute.
The digital anemometer measures the wind velocity in a variety of units, including knots, miles per hour, and kilometers per hour, meters per second, and feet per minute. The rugged, durable, and sturdy crafting of the gadget is also water-resistant so that you can use the anemometer in humid environments and harsh weather.
#3. Kestrel Pocket Wind Anemometer
The Kestrel pocket anemometer is an ultimately precise air and wind flow measuring gadget, and it comes with an accurate temperature sensor and a replaceable impeller. The anemometer measures wind chill, average wind velocity, current wind speed, maximum wind velocity, water temperature, snow temperature, and air temperature.
The digital anemometer also comes with a huge and bright LCD with backlighting so that you get to read the readings with ease, even in dim light. The equipment is water-resistant, and it floats for easy recoverability when it falls in the water. Military drop testing ensures that the anemometer is break-proof making it the ideal equipment to carry with you to outdoor activities. The packaging comes with a slip safeguard cover and a CR2032 battery.
#2. Proster Handheld Anemometer
The proster anemometer is an accurate and sensitive wind and air velocity measuring equipment. It measures a wind velocity within a range of 0.40 meters per second to 30 meters per second with a two percent reading; 80 feet per minute to 5900 feet per minute with a two percent reading; 1.4 kilometers per hour to 108 kilometers per hour with a two percent reading; 0.9 miles per hour to 67 miles per hour with a two percent reading and 0.8 knots to 58 knots with a two percent reading.
The anemometer also measures the velocity in cubic feet per minute with a range of 0 to 99990 and 0 to 9.999 square feet. A 0 to 9999 cubic meters per second range is also available with 0 to 9.999 square meters. The multifunction anemometer measures the minimum, maximum, and hold readings for fixed or handheld measurements. The huge LCD comes with backlighting enabling you to get the readings even in dim light.
#1. BTMETER BT-100 Handheld Anemometer
The BTMETER handheld anemometer measures wind speed in five different units, including miles per hour, knots, feet per minute, kilometers per hour, and meters per second. The equipment also measures wind temperature in both degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius. The multi-purpose anemometer also measures wind chill and wind temperature. A huge LCD with backlighting displays the readings even in darkness.
The anemometer measures the wind velocity in a range of 0.67 to 67.1 miles per hour with a 5 percent error margin. The equipment also measures wind temperature in a range of -10 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius or 14 degrees Fahrenheit to 113 degrees Fahrenheit with a 2 degrees Celsius or 35.6 degrees Fahrenheit error margin. A resolution of 0.1 meters per second ensures that you do not miss any reading.
You will need a handy and reliable anemometer when working in a weather station or boat sailing. Getting accurate wind velocity and temperature measurements can be the difference between getting home safe and fatal decisions. The anemometer needs to be precise and sturdy to work in harsh environments and deliver the best results. The above top 10 best digital thermo-anemometers are the best in the market based on their functions, materials, accuracy, and other parameters.


The truth about global warming. Click here
Okay... it's a cycle. It gets colder, warmer, colder.... the hole in the ozone layer gets bigger, then smaller, then bigger. Right now, the planet is cooling back down, but the seasons are happening a little later each year. The hole in the ozone is closing again.
The huge ass gorilla sitting in the middle of this is the fact that people have only been able to measure a lot of this stuff for less than 75 years. That's less than a single lifetime. Let's compare the lifetime of this rock to a single lifetime. We have the rock, which is what, supposed to be 40 million years old, or was it 4 billion years, or something like that (the supposed age of this small ball changes more times than my ex changes her mind), vs 75 years. Methinks these scientists need another few thousand years of data to even formulate the first three words of a theory.


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Only a few weeks ago it received the 2011 World Building of the Year Award at the World Arquitecture Festival Awards.
It combines an innovative and sustainable design. One of its more practical if curious features are the inflatable cushions on the facade. These control the light and temperature and make it possible to save on heating and air conditioning, because they inflate and deflate with the light and heat from the sun, preserving the heat and allowing the air conditioning to be switched off.
The way it works is simple but highly complex: the Teflon membranes inflate with compressed air to contain the heat when the light metres in the membrane detect a certain temperature. The system is controlled by 104 computers.
In fact, it is estimated the MediaTIC‘s design cuts carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere by 114 tonnes a year. “The MediaTIC is a very efficient building. It is a grade A building that cuts carbon dioxide emissions entering the atmosphere by 92%“, says Enric Ruiz-Geli, the architect from the Cloud-9 studio that designed the building, which is located in the 22@ district.


Venus’s atmosphere is very, very dense. It is composed of about 96% carbon dioxide, 3.5% nitrogen, and trace amounts of other gases, including sulfur dioxide. Although Earth’s atmosphere is composed of over 75% nitrogen, Venus’s atmosphere is so dense that the 3.5% of its atmosphere that is composed of nitrogen has around 4 times the mass of the nitrogen found in Earth’s atmosphere. The density of the atmosphere on Venus also means that there is about 90 times the atmospheric pressure on Venus’s surface than on Earth’s, which is pressure similar to what would be experienced if you dove about 1000 meters under the surface of one of Earth’s oceans.
The composition of Venus’s atmosphere is also largely responsible for its surface/planetary heat. In the past, the increasing brightness of the early sun, as well as the composition of Venus’s atmosphere (carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which warms the planet), contributed to a runaway greenhouse effect. This effect is essentially a positive feedback loop that caused the planet’s ocean(s) to evaporate and the surface temperature to rise higher and higher. Because of this, Venus’s surface is even hotter than Mercury’s, despite the fact that Mercury is closer to the Sun. The carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and trace amounts of water vapor in Venus’s atmosphere also react with each other to form clouds made up of sulfuric acid, a corrosive compound that can result in severe burns and skin tissue damage; however, acid rain never reaches the surface of Venus since the intense heat evaporates it all before it can reach the surface.


Complicating the picture, the striking Arctic change was as much a result of ice moving as melting, many say. A new study, led by Son Nghiem at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and appearing this week in Geophysical Research Letters, used satellites and buoys to show that winds since 2000 had pushed huge amounts of thick old ice out of the Arctic basin past Greenland. The thin floes that formed on the resulting open water melted quicker or could be shuffled together by winds and similarly expelled, the authors said. ... While experts debate details, many agree that the vanishing act of the sea ice this year was probably caused by superimposed forces including heat-trapping clouds and water vapor in the air, as well as the ocean-heating influence of unusually sunny skies in June and July. Other important factors were warm winds flowing from Siberia around a high-pressure system parked over the ocean. The winds not only would have melted thin ice but also pushed floes offshore where currents and winds could push them out of the Arctic Ocean.Se estimeaza ca in vreo 20-30 de ani vor putea exista curse regulate peste Oceanul Arctic.
Many Arctic researchers warned that it was still far too soon to start sending container ships over the top of the world. “Natural variations could turn around and counteract the greenhouse-gas-forced change, perhaps stabilizing the ice for a bit,” said Marika Holland, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo. But, she added, that will not last. “Eventually the natural variations would again reinforce the human-driven change, perhaps leading to even more rapid retreat,” Dr. Holland said. “So I wouldn’t sign any shipping contracts for the next 5 to 10 years, but maybe the next 20 to 30.”


We are carefully watching the weather today and will continue to do so throughout the weekend and into next week. The forecasts indicate that Hurricane Harvey, now a Category 2 storm, will make landfall along the Texas Gulf Coast Saturday and could potentially drop several inches of rain in the San Antonio area beginning tonight – causing flooding, traffic, and other safety concerns.
We will continue to watch the weather and we post periodic updates on the:
- For employees in areas where the conditions prevent driving or make it unsafe, please use your best judgment and priority around safety to dictate any travel to and from work over the weekend and/or on Monday.
- Please keep your manager/teams aware if weather continues and prevents your travel.
- Most of all, please use caution when driving/traveling and stay safe.


NSW SES continues to help flood-affected communities
NSW SES members continue to help flood-affected communities as major flooding and record rainfall hit parts of North East New South Wales.
There are currently 16 evacuation orders in place, affecting over 26,000 people, and 5 evacuation warnings in place, also affecting 12,000 people in the North Rivers and Central North Coast. NSW SES continues to respond to requests for assistance from the community with the support of our partner agencies, and have responded to over 1,300 jobs since midnight last night, including 69 flood rescues.
In the northern rivers, many of our members, whose homes were also flooded just a month ago, have been helping. Major flooding inundated Lismore for the second time in a month as the levee was overtopped this morning, and flash flooding inundated parts of Ballina and Byron Bay. While the rain has eased, the Bureau of Meteorology warned that heavy downpours are still possible throughout the day.
For the rest of the day, the focus shifted to the central north coast, with some places experiencing intense localized rainfall and life-threatening flash and riverine flooding. The Bureau said the weather system remains dynamic and there is uncertainty about where the heaviest rain will fall. In addition to wet weather, strong winds are expected along the coast throughout the week, and there is a risk of landslides and falling trees. Transport for NSW has urged motorists to avoid traveling to flood-affected areas due to many major roads damaged by the rains and resulting landslides.
NSW SES has deployed additional people, vehicles, boats and helicopters to affected areas, but we are urging communities to act as soon as possible as weather systems can change quickly.
Stay up to date with the latest information by listening to the emergency services, checking the NSW SES website, NSW SES Facebook page, your local SES Facebook page, Live Traffic, listening to your local news and staying in touch with leaders of your community. Do not drive through flood waters.
Photo: The Mortons Creek Rd bridge on the Beechwood side is well under water this morning.
Photo: Overflowing Lismore Dyke, photo taken at 11.50am.


The climate in Kazakhstan is very changeble, while the weather can vary from -35 in winter to +45 in summer. The minimum and maximum temperatures are of course divided by region. If in the South it can be warm for a long time, for example, from April to mid-October, and the temperature can reach +45, then in the North, summer weather lasts only a couple of months and the temperature in winter falls to -30-35.
Summer Usually, it starts from May (in the Southern regions) and until mid-August, but in general, heat in the South is kept up to 30 degrees in September. Ideal time to visit Kazakhstan.
Autumn Pretty warm season. We can say that it begins in late September and lasts until December. Moreover, in the southern regions there is almost no snow in winter, and in the north snowfalls begin in November.
Winter In Kazakhstan, it is different. If in the region of the Caspian Sea and especially in the South it is soft, then in the East and North it is accompanied by snowstorms, snowfalls and low temperatures up to -35.
Spring In the southern regions, it begins in March, while in the north, snow can lie until mid-April.


G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India.
Various climate impact studies need to generate estimates of climate variables at a given location based on values from other locations. It is well established fact that there are strong sensible physical linkages between global climate and local scale weather phenomenon. Therefore, empirical interpolation or downscaling has emerged as a prospective tool to relate atmospheric circulation patterns to surface variables for forecasting regional climate from GCM and RCM output dataset. In this paper, application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) based soft computing model for empirical interpolation of precipitation in Himalayan region is attempted. This method uses ANNs to generate precipitation estimates for 11 districts of Uttarakhand state (India) given information from a lattice of surrounding locations. In the present paper, we have used Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBP) algorithm to develop a Multilayer Perceptron ANN model for empirical downscaling of precipitation in Himalayan region. The model is developed using climate data of Climate Research Unit (CRU) and observed data for past 110 years (1901-2010). The robustness and suitability of the developed ANN model is verified by testing its applicability for 11 districts of Uttarakhand state. 80% of the data are used for training of the model and remain 20% are used for testing of the model. The performance evaluation of the model is tested by RMSE value. The study show that the model works quite well for climatic records of most of the district after bias correction.
Keywords- Empirical downscaling, Artificial neural networks (ANNs), Feed forward back propagation (FBBP) algorithm, Precipitation, Climate change, Himalaya.
Joshi, R. (2016). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based Empirical Interpolation of Precipitation. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 1(3), 93-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2016.1.3-011.


Straits Times Friday November
GLOBAL WARMING POSES
RISING THREAT: A boy suffering from dengue fever in a Jakarta hospital. Warmer temperatures are cited as one factor in the bad
outbreak of the disease in Asia this year. PHOTO: AFP
WHO warns warmer temperatures trigger rise in diseases like
dengue and malaria.
SICK WITH CHANGE
>> HERE'S a look at the link between climate change and the occurrence of diseases. In warmer temperatures the parasite that
spreads malaria via mosquitoes develops more quickly. Research has shown an increase in such cases in the highlands of
Kenya during periods of extreme heat variability.
>> Researchers who observed WestNile virus' spread across the US have documented a correlation of its movement with hotter
and drier weather - the weather of choice for the primary carrier of the virus, the Culex mosquito.
>> WHO officials reported that warmer temperatures and heavy rains in South Asia have led to the worst outbreak of dengue fever
>> A study in Peru found that when the El Nino boosted temperatures there, hospital admissions of children with diarrhoea increased
>> Researchers have also documented a link between rising temperatures and deaths from air pollution. Warmer, sunnier days
trigger atmospheric reactions that worsen harmful smog.
DATA from the World Health Organisation indicates that climate change is driving up rates of infectious diseases such as dengue
fever and malaria worldwide.The WHO estimates that the warming climate contributes to more than 150,000 deaths and five
million illnesses each year, a toll that could double by 2030.
Health and climate scientists at the University of Wisconsin at Madison - who conducted one of the most comprehensive efforts
yet to measure the impact of global warming on health - said the WHO data also shows that rising temperatures disproportionately
affect poor countries that have done little to create the problem. They reached their conclusions after plugging data on climate
sensitive diseases into mapping software.
"Global warming is not only an environmental problem, it's a very serious health problem," said Dr Jonathan Patz, lead author of the
report and an associate professor at the Institute for Environmental Studies and the department of population health sciences at
the university. "And it represents a huge global ethical challenge," he added.
The regions most at risk from climate change include the Asian and South American Pacific coasts, as well as the Indian Ocean coast
and sub-Saharan Africa. Large cities are also likely to experience more severe health problems because they produce what scientists
refer to as the urban "heat island" effect, in which cities register temperatures five to 10 degrees warmer than the outlying areas.
The latest study adds to growing evidence of a correlation between infectious diseases and climate change.
For example, Dr Patz's team found research that showed an increase in cases of malaria in the highlands of Kenya during periods
of extreme heat variability. Another study documented a correlation between warming trends in Ethiopia and malarial infections.
Dr Patz said researchers who have observed West Nile virus' spread across the US have documented a correlation of its
movement with hotter and drier weather - the weather of choice for the primary carrier of the virus, the Culex mosquito.
And just this week, WHO officials reported that warmer temperatures and heavy rains in South Asia have led to the worst
outbreak of dengue fever there in years. The mosquito borne illness, which is now beginning to taper off, has infected
120,000 South Asians this year and killed at least 1000 Senior US and international officials already regard climate change as a
major public health threat.
Dr Howard Frumkin, who directs the National Centre for Environmental Health at the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention,
called climate change "a significant global health challenge" in an interview this week. Dr Diarmid Campbell-Lendrian,
a scientist at the WHO's Department of Protection of the Human Environment, said its initial estimates of global warming-related
deaths are conservative in light of Europe's massive 2003 heat wave and new research linking climate change to more intensive
"Climate change makes it even more important to combat diseases of the poor, many of which are highly climatesensitive," he said. '
Dr Patz's findings published yesterday in the journal Nature also come less than two Weeks before officals from some 150 countries
meet in Montreal to discuss how to curb greenhouse gases when the first phase of the Kyoto Treaty ends.
These emissions are expected to increase global average temperature by about 14 deg C by the end of the century, causing
extreme flooding, more droughts and intense heatwaves.
WASHINGTON POST, REUTERS
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The most air pollution is caused by transport vehicles like cars. Most of the time people are driving alone to work or to buy groceries. This causes traffics jams, air pollution and noise. The on-road vehicles are responsible for over a third of the global carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides amounts in our atmosphere. The health threads are higher for people living in crowded cities and the CO2-Emission can reduce the lifetime by 2-3 years.
There has to be a change and a solution is already available: Ride your bike! It has a lot of benefits and it is one of the most sustainable ways to get from A to B.
Image by: Sille Ranfelt


I love Melbourne. Where else would the predicted daily minimum and maximum temperatures for the coming week look like this:
- Monday: 20 - 37 (fine, mainly sunny)
- Tuesday: 21 - 32 (afternoon changes, showers to follow)
- Wednesday: 15 - 19 (morning rain, showers or two)
- Thursday: 12 - 23 (becoming fine)
- Friday: 14 - 24 (fine)
- Saturday: 12 - 28 (fine)
- Sunday: 16 - 33 (fine)
Yes. As we head (very quickly) into summer temperatures -- with lows in the 20s and highs in the 30s -- two days of rains brings us down to an expected low of 12 and a high of 23!
Oh, and temperatures change quickly and drastically in the middle of the day, too. Yesterday, for example, it was hot and sunny in the morning as I went to university to attend a syndicate meeting. A few hours later, as I moved from one building to another to attend a class (yes, even on Saturday), it was chilly and cloudy. Three hours later, as I left to go home, it was hot and sunny again.
Ah, I love Melbourne. Especially the weather.


Using eco-driving techniques can save significant sums of money and reduce carbon emissions for very little effort or hassle. For an average car fuel savings of £250 to £500 are likely, with carbon dioxide savings of 300kg to 650kg per year, about the same as a single short-haul flight. It means safer, more comfortable driving, and a better environment for non-motorised road users. Avoiding excessive acceleration or braking not only reduces noise pollution, it also reduces air pollution. In fact in central London, over half of particulates - the most dangerous form of air pollution - from traffic now comes from tyre and brake wear.
Reduce air and noise pollution as well as fuel costs


Climate impact calculation
The climate impact of emissions is a complex subject. Here are some of the main factors involved.
- Different gases have different "radiative forcing" factors (i.e. the extent to which a given amount of the gas affects atmospheric temperature). For example, methane is deemed to have about 21 times the radiative forcing of carbon dioxide. Radiative forcing factors can also be affected by altitude.
- Some gases have a direct warming effect, such as carbon dioxide, while others have an indirect effect due to their impact on atmospheric chemistry.
- Different gases have different lifetimes in the atmostphere. Moreover, the lifetime of a given gas varies with altitude. For example, stratospheric carbon dioxide lasts for a few years, while methane lasts for 10-15 years.
For air travel, there are a range of gases emitted that are relevant to climate change, where the most significant are carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and water vapour. At ground-level, water vapour has no climate effect, but at aircraft cruising altitudes it does, due to the creation of contrails (vapour trails). While nitrogen oxides have no direct warming effect, at aircraft crusing altitude they enhance troposheric ozone formation, which leads to a warming effect. Therefore, to produce a figure for climate impact expressed in terms of "carbon dioxide equivalents", we need to apply a conversion factor to the actual carbon emissions.
This is a complex topic, and keeps a bunch of doctorates busy at research institutes around the world. It's complicated by the fact that the different emissions have different lifetimes, and also by the fact that aviation also leads to increased cloudiness, although this aspect is poorly understood.
Scientific reports from various respected bodies have produced values for this conversion factor in the range 1.6 to 4.2. The Fourth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in April 2007 discussed this topic at length (in Chapter 2), with the conclusion that the components excluding "aviation induced cloudiness" correspond to a factor 1.9, while aviation induced cloudiness could account for an increase in this factor by a further 1.2 but that this figure is highly uncertain (see section 2.6.3). We have taken a conservative "two-thirds" approach to cloudiness, adding in two-thirds of this uncertain figure, to arrive at a final figure for Radiative Forcing Index of 2.7.
All we can say for sure is that the conversion factor we have chosen is unlikely to be exactly correct. One concrete way in which it is wrong is that we apply it linearly to all carbon dioxide emissions associated with the flight, whereas in reality the (significant) emissions at takeoff happen at a lower altitude than cruising emissions. A more sophisticated model would apply separate conversion factors to the takeoff, cruising and landing components of the total emissions.
We monitor research in this area on an annual basis and update our model accordingly.http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/Report/AR4WG1_Print_Ch02.pdf


Land degradation is a global problem. One of the main factors of this
degradation is intense winds in the world’s arid and semi-arid regions.
The wind acts on soils without vegetation cover in increasingly large
regions. The impact of dust storms is considerable, from massive soil
deterioration to health problems. In the arid regions of northern and
central Mexico, the problem of changing land use from grasslands and
forests to rainfed agriculture has increased notably in recent decades.
Recurring dust storms due to winds associated with the passage of cold
fronts have become a severe environmental problem. The Weather Research
and Forecasting Model (WRF-Chem) was applied to analyze dust storms that
occur mainly during the winter. An analysis was performed for wind speed
data in the period from October 2005 to April 2018. It revealed that
about 20 events per year exceeded a threshold erosion speed of 9 m/s.
Fifteen events with the potential to generate dust storms were selected.
The total amount of dust emitted was added together, and an average dust
storm was calculated. Since the massive land-use change began
approximately 50 years ago, a total erosion effect was estimated for
this period. The characterization of eight soil samples revealed the
texture of fine silty sands with low clay content and low organic
content due to the mechanical processes of removing the finest fraction.
Comparison between observed and modeled dust storm events showed good


Title of 2020 Resolution:
The National Council of Women calls on the members of the UN to co-operate to strengthen action to protect the planet from climate change. We urge the international community not to return to pre Covid emission levels and instead to integrate climate action into recovery programmes.
In 2001 the National Council of Women passed a resolution ‘aware that much scientific evidence has shown that climate change could be a serious problem facing humanity, calls upon Her Majesty’s Government to work through the United Nations to construct a long-term, structured and co-ordinated response to the problem’. We reaffirmed it in 2004.
Alarmingly the problem has got worse since then and threatens human well-being, ecosystems and economies and even the future of the planet – because we are close to tipping points such as forest loss in fires and the melting of permafrost which itself releases more CO2 and methanei. The last five-year period has been the warmest five years on recordii.
The annual mean global temperature is likely to be at least 1° Celsius above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900) in each of the coming five years (2020-2024) and there is a 20% chance that it will exceed 1.5°C in at least one yeariii.
The Covid pandemic has reduced emissions. Governments need to grasp the opportunity to embrace climate action as part of recovery programmes and ensure that we grow back based on clean technologies, green initiatives and decarbonised economies.
i Mark Lynas, Our final warning: Six degrees of climate emergency April 2020 quoted at the Hay Festival https://www.hayfestival.com/hayplayer – access event at Hay WiFi 23rd May 2020
ii World Meteorological Office July 2020 https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/new-climate-predictions-assess-global-temperatures-coming-five-years
Proposer: Ann Davison, NCW Individual Member
Seconder: Sudha Srivistava, NCW Individual Member
Submitted by: Ann Davison, NCW Individual Member
Proposer Speech – Ann Davison
We have just experienced Britain’s longest stretch of temperatures above 34C since the 1960s, after the level was reached for six days in a row. Next we had thunderstorms with flooding, damage and travel disruption. These kind of weather events concentrate the mind. We cannot say that any particular weather event is due to global warming but scientists have predicted it will cause more extreme weather and, when we look at the overall trends, we can see that warming is happening.
The State of the Climate report from the American Meteorological Society, a peer-reviewed report with contributions from climate scientists around the world, including from the Met Office, said that
- Each decade since 1980 has been successively warmer than the preceding decade, with the most recent (2010–19) being around 0.2°C warmer than the previous (2000–09).
- 2019 was among the three warmest years since records began in the 1800s (only 2016 and 2015 – in some datasets – were warmer)
- All years after 2013 have been warmer than all others back to the mid-1800s
- For the 32nd consecutive year, 2019 saw the loss of mass from mountain glaciers across the globe
- Lake temperatures are above the long-term average and permafrost (permanently frozen ground) temperatures have continued to increase
- The northern hemisphere growing season was eight days longer than average
- During 2019, the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increased by the following amounts: carbon-dioxide (2.5 parts per million); nitrous-oxide (1 part per billion); and methane (9.2 parts per billion)
- There were exceptional wildfire events over Australia, Amazonia, Indonesia and parts of Siberiai
The slowdown in economies due to the Covid pandemic provides an opportunity to rethink as they recover again. It is urgent that we do so because without concerted global action we are likely soon to see more exceptional heatwaves, loss of flora and fauna, including the coral reefs, lower yields causing famines, increased drought and desert spread.
With an economic recovery tilted towards green stimulus and reductions in fossil fuel investments, it is possible to avoid future warming of 0.3°C by 2050 according to a recent study.ii Especially the report recommends that policies are enacted to cut pollution from the transport, industry and power sectors at the same time so that the reduction in different types of emissions work together.
We have the opportunity to act now, as economies begin to recover, to grow back in a sustainable way.
ii Current and future global climate impacts resulting from COVID-19, Piers M. Forster, Harriet I. Forster and Steven T. Turnock, Published in Nature 6 August. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0883-0#Fig3


Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions
While energy use is important to our prosperity from electricity to heating to transportation, the type and amount of energy we are currently using can affect local air quality and contribute to global climate change.
Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The emissions from the community as a whole show the combined impact of businesses, institutions and residents.
Transportation impacts the environment, with vehicles generating more GHG emissions and requiring more land for road infrastructure than public transportation, cycling and walking.
While Saskatoon has many favourable features for good air quality, sources of pollution make ongoing monitoring important.
Corporate Alternative Energy Projects
Developing alternative energy projects can reduce these negative environmental impacts, save money over the long term, and demonstrate leadership in our community.


Climate change can be defined as “statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (Houghton et al, 2001)”. It is extremely important to define what can be labelled as climate change, and what cannot.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCC) states that climate change is variation in the climate, which can be attributed to human activity, either directly or indirectly, and stresses that it must be in addition to natural variation being experienced during the same time period. It is essential to distinguish between “climate change” due to human activities and “climate variability” due to natural causes. Only when we have a comprehensive understanding of these factors can we understand what effect humans are having on the composition of the atmosphere (UNFCC, 2002).
The potential problem of global warming was officially recognised in 1988 when the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
The IPCC was created with the intention of being an objective assessor of peer reviewed published scientific literature. It’s fundamental objective to provide a comprehensive, and impartial view, regarding the science and potential impact of climate change due to anthropogenic factors, then to use this information to look at options for potential adaptation and mitigation. This lead to the creation of the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, a result of the first IPCC Assessment Report, which was completed in 1990.
The second IPCC assessment was published in 1995, and provided the basis for the Kyoto Agreement, which aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. A third IPCC report was completed in 2001, providing a comprehensive source of reference, which has been used internationally as the basis for the science and impact of global climate change. A fourth report is planned for 2007, and its scope and outline are currently under discussion (http://www.ipcc.ch).
Climate change is one of the most serious environmental challenges facing the world. Call for action. The need to address climate change is urgent.
Climate change is a change or variability in the average weather of a region. It may be a positive change in some locations which may enhance the productivity of a region, however, the rapidity of the change will cause major disruption and there will be many more losers than gains if climate change advances as predicted and as initial indications are now beginning to show.
To become fully engaged with the issue of climate change, it is important to understand the science. Understanding how the circulation of the Earth’s carbon atoms drives climate change. Climate change is caused by the persistent build-up of greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere. Climate change will also alter the availability of freshwater and potable water resources. There are a handful of other, mainly industrial, chemicals that also contribute to climate change. The scientific opinion on climate change at the moment is that ‘the warming that has occurred in the past 50 years can be directly attributed to anthropogenic emissions.
Many people confuse the hole in the ozone layer with climate change. In fact, the hole in the ozone layer, which is now beginning to mend itself due to the efforts, and agreements, made worldwide for industry to limit and reduce ozone depleting emissions, has nothing to do with climate change.
The Kyoto Protocol is the international plan to reduce climate change pollution. But climate change is about much more than perceptions of scientific certainty or uncertainty.
For example, water vapor is not typically considered part of the climate change problem, although larger amounts of water vapour are known to be present now than in the past, and this will also have an effect on climate.
Climate change is a change in the ‘average weather’ that a given region experiences, and average weather changes will be unevenly dispersed around the world, with some places experiencing much greater rises than others. Climate change in the Arctic will be greater than in most other regions, and is expected to move the permafrost boundary north by several hundred kilometers.
The issue of climate change is closely linked to other environmental issues, and to the challenge of sustainable development itself. The impacts of climate change once thought of as unimaginable and farfetched are now occurring. Climate change, sometimes called “global warming”, is the most serious and most complex environmental issue ever to confront the international community.
Climate change isn’t a problem for the future, it’s affecting people around the world today. A vast amount of research has been done on climate change, its causes and implications. Many positive feedbacks also exist where the effects of climate change accelerate global warming. However, developing countries in particular are becoming more and more concerned about how climate change will affect them, and they do not possess the wealth to protect their populations from the effects of natural disasters such as flooding.
Read on throughout this web site for more information on climate change, and how you can be part of the solution.
Here we describe 15 great Ways to Prevent Climate Change. There are a huge number of ways you can help prevent climate change, from making small changes to your daily routine to voting in elections that promote environmental change. Are you in a rush? Then just read this! Below are ten quick suggested actions that […]
The term overfishing is often assumed to refer to the overfishing of fish but in fact, it refers to all aquatic species including shellfish, crabs, lobsters and many others. In a recent study, the University of British Columbia found that China provides the most harmful subsidies to the industry. In fact, in 2011, they provided […]
Benefits of Depackaging Equipment: Sustainable Organic Waste Processing to Reduce Waste & Raise Profitability
We discuss the benefits of depackaging equipment. The news is that the latest “low destruction” energy-efficient and microplastics avoiding depackaging equipment has now improved to provide reliable “bankable” sustainable Organic Waste Processing which really can reduce waste for all operators of organic waste (especially food waste) reprocessing facilities while simultaneous raising the profitability of organic […]
In 2018, I had the opportunity to walk across the surface of an Icelandic glacier that was receding and consider the geography of climate change. I could see a patch of snow and ice off in the distance, the last remnants of another glacier that had long since melted. That ice-strewn area was all that […]


North Carolina to feel effects of passing hurricane, 1938
brake-. brake- Cape Hatteras Is Set To Get Gale Winds From Hurricane Today; Storm JACKSONVILLE, Sept. 20. UP) The Weather Bureau reported tonight a tropical hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean will cause strong winds on the North Carolina coast Wednesday, "reaching gale force pn Cape Hatteras." , , A 9:30 p. m. advisory said the center Jf the severe tropical disturbance disturbance was about 400 miles east of Jacksonville at 7 p. m. (EST). "Storm will gradually turn north northeastward and move more rapidly during next 24 hours," said the advisory, "with center passing near, but east of, Cape Hatteras during Wednesday, and will cause strong winds on North Carolina coast, reaching gale force on the Cape, with high tides north of Beaufort, N. C." Storm warnings were displayed from Wilmington, N. C, north to Atlantic City, N. J. The weather bureau advised that all small craft Heading North between Charleston, S. C, and the Virginia capes remain in port un til the storm has gone by. The advisory said the hurricane was moving almost due north. The barometric pressure at the center was reported still close to 28 inches two inches less than nor mal and indicative of dangerous winds. Caution was advised shipping in the path. The disturbance, accompanied by winds of great intensity, was headed directly for the South Florida Florida coast until late Monday, then, apparently striking a , high pressure pressure area, it veered northward and skirted the peninsula's eastern shore. Northern islands of the Bahama group felt the fringe of the dis turbance early today. It was the first storm of the "hurricane season" to threaten Florida.


The front has pushed well south of our area leading to good rainfall this morning across the Hill Country and the Houston area. We are left with much cooler temperatures with around a twenty degree drop in highs from yesterday, high near 53. Partly sunny with a breezy northeast wind 15-20mph.
TONIGHT: A upper level low will push east across New Mexico bringing good lift across our area. We don't have a lot of moisture, but enough to get some light precipitation. With freezing/ near freezing morning temperatures, light snow with little to no accumulation expected. Also, some light showers when temperatures aren't freezing into Saturday morning.
WEEKEND: It stays cloudy and cold Saturday with the high only warming to the low 40s. The chance for any precipitation will begin clearing from west to east. Rain amounts staying light with some locations a tenth of an inch. Clouds begin to clear early Sunday, then sunny but cool again. Northerly wind increases 15-25mph for another breezy day.
NEXT WEEK: Temperatures will climb and drop through the week with the warmest day Tuesday. Morning temperatures below freezing and frigid Monday morning. Wind speeds increase again with the next front to drop us back to the 40s Wednesday.
-Meteorologist Bobby Johnston


Weather is what’s happening in the air around us, and climate is how it is, long term, where we are. At least, that’s what we used to mean, back when a location came with a climate: temperate, tropical, sunny, or moist. Seasonal variations were part of the idea of climate – summer, winter, monsoon, mistral – but there was little room for other change within the concept. On the other hand, the weather changes constantly, giving us a way to make conversation in elevators with total strangers or romantic rivals.
At the end of the nineteenth century, Arhennius pointed out that man-made variations in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere could alter the earth’s temperature, and the science of climate change was born. A fringe activity until around 1990, it now attracts most of the attention of atmospheric scientists, since it is well established that if we continue our wasteful ways we will irretrievably alter the earth’s climate, and not in a good way.
But all this talk of climate change is about long term statistical quantities, like average temperature, area of minimum arctic sea ice, fraction of coral reefs bleached past recovery, or the range of altitudes over which the edelweiss can flower. Ask a climate scientist about the severity of the rainstorm last Sunday night and she will suggest that you talk to a weather analyst, since no individual weather event can be directly tied to the slow process of climate change.
Well, for any individual event, that’s probably true. But have you been following the news lately? Bill McKibben, the founder of 350.org, has, and in an astonishing op-ed piece published in the Washington Post he implicitly challenges climate scientists to deal not with individual weather events, but with the extraordinary series of floods, tornadoes, and everything but a rain of frogs that have been devastating one locality after another. I won’t tell you his conclusion because everyone should read the entire piece for themselves. Less time than you’ve already put in, guaranteed!
Photo credit: NASA


A stratocumulus cloud belongs to a class of clouds characterized by large dark, rounded masses, usually in groups, lines, or waves, the individual elements being larger than those in altocumuli, and the whole being at a lower altitude, usually below 2,400 m (8,000 ft). Weak convective currents create shallow cloud layers because of drier, stable air above preventing continued vertical development. Vast areas of subtropical and polar oceans are covered with massive sheets of stratocumuli. These may organize into distinctive patterns which are currently under active study. In subtropics, they cover the edges of the horse latitude climatological highs, and reduce the amount of solar energy absorbed in the ocean.
When these drift over land the summer heat or winter cold is reduced. 'Dull weather' is a common expression incorporated with overcast stratocumulus days, which usually occur either in a warm sector between a warm and cold front in a depression, or in an area of high pressure, in the latter case, sometimes persisting over a specific area for several days. If the air over land is moist and hot enough, stratocumuli may develop to various cumulus clouds, or, more commonly, the sheet of stratocumulus may become thick enough to produce some light rain. On drier areas they quickly dissipate over land, resembling cumulus humilis.
This often occurs in late morning in areas under anticyclonic weather, the stratocumulus breaking up under the Sun's heat and often reforming again by evening as the heat of the Sun decreases again. Most often, stratocumuli produce no precipitation, and when they do, it is generally only light rain or snow. However, these clouds are often seen at either the front or tail end of worse weather so may indicate storms to come, in the form of thunderheads or gusty winds. They are also often seen underneath the cirrostratus and altostratus sheets that often precede a warm front as these higher clouds decrease the Sun's heat and therefore convection, causing any cumulus clouds to spread out into stratocumulus.
These are same in appearance to altocumuli and are often mistaken for such. A simple test to distinguish these is to compare the size of individual masses or rolls: when pointing one's hand in the direction of the cloud, if the cloud is about the size of the thumb, it is altocumulus; if it is the size of one's entire hand, it is stratocumulus. This often does not apply when stratocumulus is of a broken, fractus form, when it may appear as small as altocumulus. Stratocumulus is also often, though not always, darker in colour than altocumulus.Stratocumulus clouds are the main type of cloud that can produce crepuscular rays. Thin stratocumulus clouds are also often the cause of corona effects around the Moon at night.


(Photo – Luis Molina)
The UK will have the warmest year on record at the end of December if temperatures do not drop significantly in the upcoming weeks.
Mike Kendon, member of the National Climate Information Centre, said: “Only a very cold December is able to potentially influence where the year will eventually sit in the record books.”
The Met Office revealed that Autumn 2022 was the third warmest season on record, only surpassed by the autumns of 2006 and 2011.
“Spurred on by mild September, then the seventh warmest October on record, November continued the mild theme for the season.”
The UK would need a December of near-record cold weather to avoid 2022 being the warmest year on record.
According to provisional stats, Autumn was the third warmest on record for the UK.
? on some of the statistics
— Met Office (@metoffice) December 1, 2022
November was close to being the warmest on record. Preliminary data from the Met Office show that November was the third warmest with an average mean temperature of 8.2° C.
Statistics confirm that the mean Autumn temperatures in the UK are 11.1° C, but they soared to 14.4° C in 2022.
Specifically in England, the anomaly in the rise of temperature was 1.4° C.
As of December, Met Office’s meteorologist Aidan McGivern explained that the last month of the year looks very different compared to November.
“The second week of December looks likely to turn colder with winds probably arriving from the north.”
Disperse snow showers are possible at lower levels, although he said it is currently “too early to say where and when any snow may fall.”
Signals for the second half of December are mixed.
Will we get any snow? ❄
Watch Alex share two scenarios of what could happen to our weather next week ⤵ pic.twitter.com/jSR9tYpbmB
— Met Office (@metoffice) December 7, 2022
For those expecting snowfall in London, McGivern said, “It is looking more likely compared with recent Decembers, but it’s far from certain.”
With northerly winds arriving during the second week of December, it is likely that it will be cold enough for snow.
The meteorologist explained that average daytime high temperature in December is 9° C and average overnight low is 5° C.
In addition, December is the fourth wettest month of the year for London after October, November and January and there are typically 11 days of rain throughout the month.
“December 2010 was the last colder than average December for London. Every December since then has been around average or warmer than average,” McGivern said.
The UK’s warmest year on record is 2014.


The weather and climate in Auckland
On this page you'll find all sorts of useful information about the weather and climate in Auckland. Besides giving you an overview of the weather of the coming days, you'll find the temperature for the months of the year. We also provide information about the rainfall in Auckland. We've collected thousands of records about the weather, which are updated regularly to give you the best information. So if you're looking for snow, the least amount of rain or a mild period in the winter... You can find it here!
The temperature in Auckland
You'll find the temperature of the destination Auckland below. The middle line represents the average temperature. The maximum and minimum temperature are defined in the top and bottom line.
Rainfall in Auckland
The number of days with rain and the amount of rainfall is represented in the graph below. The line defines the number of days with rainfall and the bars represent how much millimetre of rain there is in Auckland


Type of resources
Contact for the resource
The UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) probabilistic marine projections data are projections of a future climate with an associated probability. Monthly and annual data are provided for mean sea level pressure, temperature, precipitation and total cloud cover in 30 year averages (2010-2039, 2020-2049, 2030-2059, 2040-2069, 2050-2079, 2060-2089, 2070-2099). These projections provide an absolute value for the future climate (as opposed to giving values that are relative to a baseline period). A probabilistic climate projection is a measure of the strength of evidence in different future climate change outcomes. This measure is dependent on the method used, is based on the currently available evidence and encapsulates some, but not all, of the uncertainty associated with projecting future climate. The marine and coastal projections report contains further details (see linked documentation).


The United States warns of the effects of indoor pollution on our health, ranging from short-term problems such as dizziness to the long-term development of disease. Due to habits like smoking along with car exhaust smoke particles and allergens, the air we breathe at home can have a negative impact on our health.
An air purifier or air purifier works by drawing dirty and polluted air through a filter to purify it and remove toxins. By installing an air purifier purificadores de aire, you can actually reduce the build-up of toxins by circulating clean air.
The following are the benefits of using an air purifier at home such as:
Helps reduce allergic reactions by clearing the air of irritants
We are constantly surrounded by potential allergens both outside and inside the home. By eliminating potential agitation caused by things like pets, pollen, dust mites, and mold spores, you can lower allergen levels in your home.
By removing particles from the air emitted by animals and other allergens, air purifiers ensure less bothersome symptoms. Allergic reactions can be reduced thanks to the circulation of clean air that has been filtered from potential irritants.
Help lower carbon dioxide levels at home
Our homes contain high levels of carbon dioxide produced from our breath (as well as the breath of our pets). If you don’t airlift your house, this level will increase. This causes feelings of drowsiness and dizziness because the body is not receiving enough oxygen.
With the air filter, fresh air will continue to circulate into the house, meaning the oxygen content will be higher. This will effectively lower the carbon monoxide level and improve your quality of life and health while at home.
There are some odors that we find hard to get rid of, whether it’s from food or our pets. If you don’t have proper ventilation in your home, then an air purifier can help get rid of these unwanted odors.
Whether these odors are simply unpleasant or pose a more serious health threat, causing allergies and asthma, filtering the air of unwanted particles will improve the quality of the air you breathe.
Air purifiers can get rid of hard-to-remove insects such as dust mites and mosquitoes. Both can be annoying to live together, but mosquitoes carry the added risk of disease transmission and are great at disrupting a good night’s sleep. You can get rid of insects more effectively with an air purifier than using a toxic bug killer that will invite new toxins into your home.


Climate change is shifting ecological plant hardiness zones. The USDA has updated its Plant Hardiness Zone Map for the first time since 2012. Most of New York’s Hudson Valley has shifted from Zone 5b to Zone 6a (see map below). This means the lowest winter temperature recorded over the past 30 years (1991 to 2020) is on average 5°F warmer compared with the period between 1976 to 2005. The data underlying these changes corroborate our experience of warmer and less snowy winters. Just this week, the Northeast U.S. experienced a massive storm with over 2″ of rain in many areas and temperatures in the mid-50s all the way up to northern Maine. Unseasonable and intense weather whiplashes farms and forests with new pest and disease pressures, unleashes alternating periods of flooding and drought, and fundamentally changes habitat for native flora and fauna.
Northeast Winters Warming Faster
Yet greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise and the trend compounds the changes. Within the next thirty years plant hardiness in our area is expected to shift another 5-10°F warmer. If we fail to become carbon neutral over the next few decades, we can expect plant hardiness to shift another 5-10°F by the end of the century. There are seasonal and regional differences to the pace of warming. Winter is warming faster than other seasons, and the Northeast and Upper Midwest are facing more rapid warming than other parts of the country. The following map depicts winter temperature data over the past 50 years.
Farms and Forests Stressed by Extreme Heat
In addition to warmer winters, we’re also experiencing more extreme hot days per year (measured by days above 86°F). When it’s this hot, both people and plants become less productive (or worse). Between 1980-2009 the Northeast had an average of two and a half weeks per year of extreme heat. At the current pace of global warming, we can expect about 6-10 weeks per year above 86°F by midcentury, and a whopping four months per year by the end of the century. If we transition to a carbon neutral economy by midcentury, the number of extremely hot days should stabilize at around six weeks per year by midcentury, which is still something to which we’ll need to adapt.
The climate throughout much of the Northeast is rapidly becoming similar to weather typical of the Mid-Atlantic. By the latter part of this century, the Northeast is on course to become similar to that of the Carolinas. Unlike other similar changes over eons past, which occurred over hundreds of thousands or millions of years, these changes are happening within a few generations. Rapidly changing climate zones stress native plants and animals, and create ecological mayhem. These changes threaten agricultural productivity, ecosystem services like clean water and air, and the overall ecological health and resilience of the Earth.
Healthy Forests Help Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change
Trees help us to both mitigate and adapt to climate change. They’re one of nature’s most effective carbon capture and storage systems, sequestering nearly 60 gigatons of carbon in U.S. forests (above and below ground). This represents about a decade of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. at current levels. Without this carbon sink, global greenhouse gas levels would be climbing even faster. Forests also provide an array of other climatological and ecological benefits: clean water and air, wildlife habitat, moderation of temperature and precipitation extremes, and a sustainable source of food, fuel, and fiber.
Let’s protect and restore forestlands in the coming decades by planting climate-resilient trees in our yards, on our farms, and at local parks.


Everyone wants to see the Northern Lights at least once in their lives. It is true; it’s the most beautiful thing you can see. However, the chances of seeing the Northern Lights are decreasing. The reason for that is that the lights are caused by the interaction between charged particles from the sun and the magnetosphere of the Earth and the electromagnetic waves from the solar wind.
Once you have decided you want to see the Northern Lights, there are a couple of ways you could go about seeing them. One is to have a vacation in a country that gets a lot of snow, like Finland or Iceland. You can see the Northern Lights on your cruise to see the northern lights. You can also see them in New York City or in the vicinity of Barcelona. But the best place to see them is Iceland, which has a lot of snow. In Iceland, you can opt for camper van rental services by visiting sites like https://www.rent.is/ and exploring various locations that are laden with snow. It could be a fulfilling journey indeed!
You’re never too old for a trip to the Northern Lights, even though the aurora borealis is best seen during the winter months. It’s still possible to see the spectacular displays, though it’s always a good idea to pick a night with very little light pollution. You can also see the aurora from your backyard with a simple backyard telescope, though you’ll need a clear view of the night sky to get the best views.
But Can You Take A Cruise To See The Northern Lights?
The answer is no; you can’t take a cruise to see the northern lights. What you can do is book a tour that takes you to Norway to see the aurora borealis or northern lights. This is possible because auroras are visible only when the planet is at least five hundred miles away from your location. For those who live in the northern latitudes, this can mean a two-hour flight.
What is the Best Time to See the Northern Lights?
While it’s not the only time to see the Northern Lights, the short nights of winter-when the Aurora Borealis is visible in the northern hemisphere- are when they are most likely to appear. This doesn’t mean the stars themselves are any brighter, but the atmosphere is a lot clearer, allowing the lights to filter through the atmosphere and create a beautiful glow.
Some people are lucky enough to live in the right place at the right time and see the Northern Lights regularly. You could be one of them, but if you’re not, maybe you can still get to see the Northern Lights. The next time you’re out at night, look up to the sky. If the Northern Lights are visible, you’re in luck. There’s a handy tool called the Aurora Alert that you can use to keep track of the Northern Lights’ movements to see when they are most likely to be seen and when they are least likely (based on the past few years).
The northern lights are caused by particles excited by solar winds colliding with Earth’s magnetic field. As a result, they can only be seen in places where there is little to no light pollution, such as remote places where there are no cities or towns nearby. So, where is the best place to see the northern lights? Well, that depends on where you are based.
If you want to see the Northern Lights in Iceland, you need to make sure it is not too cloudy when you go. If it is too cloudy, it is unlikely that you will be able to see the aurora. The best time to see the aurora is when the sky is clear, and the aurora can be seen in the night sky. The Aurora Borealis, also known as the Northern Lights, is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the sun interacts with atmospheric magnetic fields. The result is a beautiful display that can be viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, including Canada and the US.
The aurora borealis (also known as the northern lights) is a natural light display in the sky, usually observed in the high altitude of the Earth’s magnetic field near the North or South Pole. It is also known as the dancing lights or the northern night light. The brighter the aurora, the greater the chance that a geomagnetic disturbance causes it. The aurora is caused by charged particles from the sun emitted during solar storms reaching the Earth’s atmosphere, resulting in the acceleration of atoms of gas in the upper ionosphere. The sudden acceleration of ions causes collisions, resulting in the emission of light and other particles from the excited ions and atoms. While the aurora can be seen at high latitudes, it is visible.


An alternative to cleaning up emissions from vehicles directly could be to deploy technologies which remove pollution from the ambient air. For example, a number of companies are developing photo-catalytic treatments which remove pollutants from the air in the presence of sunlight. These treatments can be applied to a range of surfaces, for example roofing tiles, roofing felt or even the surface or roads. Similarly, developers are also looking at other ways of cleaning air in urban environments. Studio Roosegarde, a Dutch design company, has developed a smog free tower consisting of an air purifying tower which sucks in pollution and expels clean air. The extracted pollution is, somewhat bizarrely, turned into pieces of jewellery.
Other examples of air purification technologies include the air purifying billboards and pavement and vertical forests. Although many cities like the space for large green areas in their downtown core, building forests vertically along with skyscrapers, has become a very interesting development to filter pollutants from the air. Some cases have been already developed by the Italian architect Stefano Boeri.
Main stakeholders doing R&D: Dürr, Co2 Solutions, Shell, Chevron, NRG Energy, Carbon Engineering, ClimateWorks
Main stakeholders in the market: Dürr, Co2 Solutions, Shell, Chevron, NRG Energy, Carbon Engineering, ClimateWorks


According to him, Friday and Saturday are very likely to be among the hottest days for the entire current period. Thus, the air temperature will reach +33 degrees, and in the Moscow region it is possible to reach +34 degrees.
“And a storm warning was issued, it’s called that – a warning about dangerous weather, extreme heat. At temperatures above +30 degrees, it is especially difficult for residents of temperate latitudes, and residents of a metropolis, ”Vilfand emphasized.
On Sunday there will be a change in weather conditions: cloudy, intermittent rains, heavy in some places, as well as thunderstorms are predicted. At the same time, the temperature will be quite comfortable, around plus 26-28 degrees, the meteorologist said.
“But since Monday, the circulation conditions have changed and the impact of the anticyclone is still there, but Moscow will already be in the cold part of this anticyclone. The temperature in the region on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday is about plus 21-26 degrees, significant precipitation is not expected, in Moscow the temperature will be plus 22-25. Absolutely normal weather,” added the scientific director of the Hydrometeorological Center.
The day before, Evgeny Tishkovets, a leading employee of the Phobos weather center, warned that “rocks from the sky” are expected in Central Russia on Sunday. According to him, this phenomenon is a thunderstorm with intense downpours, squally winds and mosaic hail up to 2-4 cm in diameter. At the same time, by Monday, August 8, the weather will clear up for a while, but it will become a little cooler, the air temperature will finally return to moderate next week. climatic course of the final summer month.


davenport, iowa temperature records
Snow piles up in Davenport, Iowa Monday February 17, 2014. Certified copies of vital records registered by the Scott County Recorder can be obtained from this office. Weather.com brings you the most accurate monthly weather forecast for with average/record and high/low temperatures, precipitation and more. It is the largest of the Quad Cities, a metropolitan area with a population estimate of 382,630 and a CSA population of 474,226; it is the 90th largest CSA in the nation. Local registrars, located in county recorders offices, such as Scott County, maintain records of birth, death, and marriages that have occurred in that county. Report Station. Monthly: 1981-2010 normals History: 2015-2019 World Weather Encyclopedia of World Climatology is available in the Parks LibraryREFERENCE Collection at QC 854 E53x 2005. powered by Microsoft News. These current conditions and the related content/links on this page are not a substitution for the official weather briefing from the FAA. ... Davenport, IA Monthly Weather. Thank you for reporting this station. msn back to msn home weather records and averages. ... according to the National Weather Service, Davenport. Monthly average temperatures, rainfall, snow days & record high and low temperatures. Average statewide temperatures: July 24: 99, July 23: 98.6 These two days toward the end of July 2012 are recorded as the ninth- and 10th-hottest days in Iowa … Vital records refer to official registration of births, deaths, and marriages. This page provides local weather extremes and records, holiday weather, COOP data, and area climate summaries. Davenport, IA Weather History star_ratehome. Please contact the FAA for more information on pilot briefings or call 1-800-WX-BRIEF (800-992-7433). Iowa historical precipitation, snowfall, and temperatures for 1873-2007; also weather data for Iowa counties and districts. Coldest location ranked by lowest average annual temperature: Cresco, northern Iowa, 44.5 F; The summer of 1936 was the hottest summer on record for the United States. Station Data. On July 13, 1936, the average high temperature for all Iowa reporting stations combined was 113 F. Des Moines tied its warmest day ever with an average temperature of 95 F. ... this is the snowiest winter on record, the National Weather Service reports. We will review the data in question. 68 F Davenport Muni Station | Report. Hourly Weather Data for Davenport; Hourly Weather Data for Dubuque; ... Davenport, IA 52806-7326 Tel: (563) 386-3976 Davenport is the county seat of Scott County in Iowa and is located along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state. Monthly averages Davenport Longitude: -90.5776, Latitude: 41.5236 Average weather Davenport, IA - 52801.
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What’s Happening Now – September 2009
Summer ’09 third-driest ever recorded for Arizona
by Shaun McKinnon – September 16, 2009 12:00 AM
The Arizona Republic
Summer 2009 was the third-driest on record across Arizona, but June, July and August have been much drier here in Phoenix.
The statewide ranking showed up in end-of-summer statistics issued by the National Climatic Data Center.
According to the NCDC, the statewide rainfall total for the three months was 2.17 inches. The long-term average is just shy of 4.5 inches.
Only twice in 115 years have Arizona summers ended drier; surprisingly, one of them was not 2002, which was the driest year on record.
In 1962, the statewide figure was 1.96 inches and in 1900, the summer rains brought just 1.48 inches.
The statewide total for 2002 was 2.51 inches, the sixth-driest summer on record.
Summer rains aren’t big players in the water-supply game; Arizona depends much more on winter snowmelt.
But the lack of rain extended the wildfire season and built the longer-term moisture deficit in the ground.
Drier ground means less runoff into streams and rivers until the deficit is filled.
In Phoenix, the National Weather Service recorded 0.71 inch of rain during June, July and August. That’s less than half the average of 2.02 inches for the period and the 14th-driest in 115 years of record-keeping.
The driest summer in Phoenix was 1924, when 0.23 inch of rain fell. By comparison, summer 2002 – again, the driest 12 months on record – was a gully-washer, with 1.18 inches of rain.


All plants for the process of photosynthesis require sunlight, water and carbon dioxide - CO2.
O + Light → C6
In other words, if CO2 level is enough, plants grow faster. Beside the photosynthesis, plants breath all their life (since they start growing till harvest). At day time plants absorb CO2 and release it via foliage stomata together with oxygen (O2). At night time plants release only CO2 (no photosynthesis).
Because of drought stomata close and plants stop to absorb CO2. Hydroponic method of growing provides plants with water all the time, so plants constantly absorb CO2 and grow without stopping! City atmosphere contains about 400ppm of CO2, and plants are able to use about 1000ppm of CO2. Thus if the air in a greenhouse is not renewed, maximum plant growth is not possible.
The best solution to control CO2 in a greenhouse is Sensiroom CO2
. This is a controller that constantly checks and maintains an optimal for plants CO2 level. This is the best way to control CO2 level in a greenhouse. It is recommended to place a bottle with CO2 far from a vent (it is better to turn off ventilation when the greenhouse air is enriched with CO2).
Warning! CO2 is dangerous for people! Use CO2 in a greenhouse when no one is there.


Sailing Drone Completes World’s First 196 Day Voyage To Antarctica
An unmanned sail drone was sent on a 13,670-nautical-mile journey around Antarctica alone in winter, at the mercy of the most hostile seas on the planet.
“The assumption was the Southern Ocean would eat the sail drone… and that would be that,” said NOAA oceanographer Adrienne Sutton. “But we were willing to try, given the large role the ocean plays in the trajectory of climate change. Getting the Southern Ocean’s carbon balance right is urgently important.”
Saildrone 1020 completed its mission on August 3 having successfully collected oceanic and atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements with an instrument developed by NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory even after a run-in with an iceberg that wrecked some of its sensors.
This voyage of 196 days was the world’s first autonomous circumnavigation of Antarctica, a technological feat that was unfathomable just a decade ago.
An arduous journey around the end of the world
On January 19, 2019, Saildrone 1020 offsite link and two counterparts launched from Point Bluff, New Zealand, on a mission funded by the Li Ka Shing Foundation. The three saildrones collect and transmit a range of data offsite link on weather, seal and krill populations, and levels of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the air and water.
The scientists recently assumed that the Southern Ocean steadily absorbed large volumes of CO2 from the atmosphere which was a big contributor to the entire ocean’s uptake of up to 40 percent of the greenhouse gases driving global warming.
However, scientists also had the knowledge of shifts in winds and circulation around Antarctica could alter CO2 uptake from the atmosphere, and recent measurements from instrumented Argo floats offsite link showed that under certain conditions the Southern Ocean could emit CO2 instead of absorbing it. But researchers had yet to sample vast areas, especially during stormy autumn and winter seasons.
After leaving New Zealand, it was pounded with a storm, Saildrone 1020’s partners, Saildrones 1022 and 1023, were soon forced to return to port for repairs, while Saildrone 1020 pushed on through roaring winds and giant waves.
On April 5, navigating east of the Drake Passage, a collision with an iceberg damaged its atmospheric sensors and onboard camera but left the carbon dioxide sensor intact.
“On four previous voyages in the Southern Ocean, the wings on our saildrones broke after just a few days, so we went back and built something we thought was indestructible,” said Saildrone founder and CEO Richard Jenkins. “It was a long shot, but it worked out exactly as we hoped.”
It was suggested by preliminary results that parts of the ocean identified by the floats as potential CO2 sources were indeed emitting the greenhouse gas during winter months. Saildrone 1020 also got close enough to one of the floats to allow scientists to compare their CO2 measurements, a valuable cross-check of different robots and observing techniques.
“It was a high-risk, high reward kind of deployment,” Sutton said. “We weren’t sure it was going to make it.”


Newton, NC – Catawba County Emergency Management urges area residents to prepare for severe weather that may occur with little to no warning this spring.
March 4-10 is Severe Weather Preparedness Week in North Carolina. Catawba County officials encourage residents to participate in the annual Statewide Tornado Drill March 7 to practice their emergency plan in case severe weather strikes our state.
“Spring is quickly approaching, and so is the potential for severe weather,” said Karyn Yaussy, Catawba County Emergency Management Coordinator. “Severe thunderstorms involve a variety of dangerous weather conditions such as hail, flash floods and tornadoes. These storms can develop so rapidly; that having a safety plan in place beforehand is critical.”
Public schools in the county and many government buildings will participate in the Statewide Tornado Drill on Wednesday, March 7, at 9:30am. The National Weather Service (NWS) will broadcast the drill over NOAA weather radio stations and the Emergency Alert System.
“Practice makes perfect rings true when it comes to preparing for severe weather, especially tornadoes. The time you take now to prepare will make all the difference if and when disaster strikes,” Yaussy said. “I encourage all county residents, businesses and organizations to participate in the drill.”
In 2017, Catawba County experienced tornadoes in May and October that caused damage to numerous homes and businesses across the county. The NWS issued 85 tornado warnings for North Carolina and recorded 30 tornadoes. There were 104 flood or flash flood events across the state. In addition, the NWS issued 561 severe thunderstorm warnings, and recorded 548 incidents of severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and 102 damaging hail events.
Catawba County Emergency Management officials recommend having a family emergency plan in place so all members know where to go, who to call and what to do during a disaster. Officials also advise residents to stay alert by listening to weather radios that broadcast alerts from the National Weather Service.
If a tornado occurs, emergency officials urge residents to use the following safety tips:
Know the terms: WATCH means a tornado is possible. WARNING means a tornado has been spotted; take shelter immediately.
Know where the nearest safe room is, such as a basement or interior room away from windows, and go there immediately if you hear or see a tornado.
If driving, you should leave your vehicle immediately to seek safety in an adequate structure. Do not try to outrun a tornado in your vehicle, and do not stop under an overpass or a bridge.
If you are outdoors without available shelter, take cover in a low-lying flat area. Watch out for flying debris.
Following a storm, wear sturdy shoes, long sleeves and gloves when walking on or near debris, and be aware of exposed nails and broken glass.
Be aware of damaged power or gas lines and electrical systems that may cause fires, electrocution or explosions.
More information on tornadoes and overall emergency preparedness can be found online at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/tornado or www.ReadyNC.org. Catawba County emergency officials encourage residents to download the free ReadyNC mobile app.


Parts of Mexico could get drenched with rain in the coming days as Tropical Depression Georgette is projected to make landfall Wednesday.
As of 11 a.m. ET, Georgette was centered about 85 miles (135 kilometers) south of Guaymas, Mexico and carried maximum sustained winds of about 35 mph (55 kph), according to the National Hurricane Center.
Georgette was headed north-northwest about 14 mph (22 kph). The Mexican government issued a tropical storm watch for the coast of mainland Mexico from Huatabampito north to Bahia Kino.


Islands Natural Calamities A calamity is addressed as a disaster when it has severe effect on life and property which results in death and loss of valuable monetary assets.
Share Seasons of West Bengal Taking into accounts variations in the elements of climate, i. Summer from March to May: During the three months from March to May it is summer in most parts of India.
From the beginning of March as the Sun after crossing the equator, approaches the Tropic of Cancer, the temperature increases. Generally in the month of May, may parts of India experiences high temperature. Rainy season June to September: The rainy season in India begins generally from the second week of June and continues up to the second week of October.
From the second week of June humid monsoon enters various parts of India in the south-west direction from the Bay of Bengal and causes rainfall everywhere in the state.
The south-west monsoon causes heavy rainfall. Autumn season from October to November: From the beginning of October, monsoon begins to recede from this country and consequently rainfall becomes frequent. So this period is also called the season of return Monsoon.
Though the rainy season is no longer there, yet, due to the cyclone coming from the Bay of Bengal, occasionally violent storms and rainfall are observed.
Winter season from December to February: During the period from December to February there is winter season in India. In this time the sun exists just above the Tropic of Capricorn and sunlight falls obliquely on various places of India and as a result temperature begins to decrease.
Also during this time clouds and dry North-East Monsoon passes over different regions of India and temperature is decreased considerably. But sometimes cyclone coming from the West causes storm and rainfall which is known as Western disturbance."Describe Autumn Season In India" Essays and Research Papers Describe Autumn Season In India ODE TO AUTUMN John Keats This .
So this period is also called the season of return Monsoon. Though the rainy season is no longer there, yet, due to the cyclone coming from the Bay of Bengal, occasionally violent storms and rainfall are observed.
4. Winter season (from December to February): During the period from December to February there is winter season in India. Festivals of autumn: The crowning glory of the season is its procession of festivals. It has a special meaning for the people of this state. It has a special meaning for the people of this state.
Mahalaya, Durga Puja, Lakshmi Puja, Kali Puja, Bhratri Dwitiya fill the hearts of the people with high spirits and delight. Note: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has also specified four seasons in India, viz, summer, rainy, autumn, and winter (source: wikipedia).
However, astronomical and other traditions of India divides the twelve calendar month into six seasons, viz, summer, rainy, early autumn, late autumn, winter, and spring.
Of all the magnificent seasons, autumn is the most wonderful season of all. Not only do the leaves change into vivid, colorful pictures as people drive by their beauty every day .
In India, we count six seasons in a year. Autumn is one of them.
It is composed of September and October. It comes after the Rainy Season. It is the third season of the year when fruit is gathered.
So, it is knows as the fruit gathering season.


Today was already forecast to see severe weather in Louisiana and Mississippi, but as of 1:08 PM eastern US time, storm cloud-tops coming in off the Gulf of Mexico have reached an astonishing 14km in altitude! That's 45,931 FEET in altitude!
The radar image above shows a significant area shaded in dark red (Circled area). That means cloud-tops have reached greater than 14km.
When thunderstorm clouds hit that height, they are able to bring intensely COLD air down to the surface. Cold air is heavier than hot air, and these clouds act like funnels to bring that cold to earth's surface. This greatly enhances convection and causes severe rotation - it's like an Assembly Line for Tornado activity.
People in Louisiana and Mississippi should be extremely vigilant today - this development does not bode well for them as far as Tornadoes.


Rwandans have been warned to brace for heavy rain downpour between 9 and 13 October 2018.
The rains are also expected to probably result in landslides and floods in the areas that are most affected, Rwanda Meteorology Agency has revealed.
The rains are projected to reach between 20 and 30 millimeters per day mixed with storms.
According to the statement, 10 districts that will be affected by natural disasters including floods and landslides are: Musanze, Gicumbi, Gakenke, Burera, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Nyamagabe and Nyaruguru.
It is also says that during this rainy season, storms will be frequent.
Meteorologists say that there will be abundant rainfall even if in some areas, rains have delayed.
For the last four months, Rwanda has spent more than Rwf340 million in helping victims of natural disasters. Meanwhile, during the first five months of 2018, natural disaster killed 215 people.