The Australian government is to provide $2.2 million over three years to strengthen the capacity of Pacific Island countries in climate prediction.
The Prime Minister, John Howard, made the announcement today.
Text of statement released by the Prime Minister, John Howard.
I am pleased to announce an initiative by the Australian Government to assist Pacific island countries to cope with the impact of weather extremes and to better understand the threat of climate change.
Australia will fund a $2.2 million project over three years, expected to begin late 2002 or early 2003, to strengthen the capacity of Pacific island countries in climate prediction. The project aims to upgrade the National Meteorological Services (NMS) of participating island countries to enable them to provide better climate prediction support to industry, government and the people of the Pacific island region.
Better meteorological services will enable Pacific communities to deal more effectively with extreme weather events such as El Niño and droughts, and to anticipate the impact of climate change, climate variability, cyclones and storm surges.
This project responds to recent research by the South Pacific Regional Environment Program (SPREP) and is funded by the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID).
It complements a suite of Australian funded climate-related activities in the Pacific including the South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project Phase III, the Vulnerability and Adaptation Initiative and support for the Disaster Management Unit at the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission.


world is always changing. Look out your window long enough, and you
might see the weather change. Look even longer, and you'll see the
seasons change. The Earth's climate is changing, too, but in ways that
you can't easily see.
Warming as well as freeze-overs have always been a natural process for
the earth, as early as when the earth began its formation. But today's
kind of global warming simply means the Earth is getting warmer from
heat-trapped gasses (of which some continue to be natural and produced
by the earth itself). But human activity has caused a significant rise
in more unnatural, man-made gasses. This has caused the natural process
of global warming to shift into high-gear. Since the Industrial
Revolution came about and as human populations around the world continue
to grow, so does global warming...exacerbated by pollution, heat from a
concentration of roads and buildings in urban areas, fumes and fossil
fuel burning from factories, vehicles, and other forms of gas producing
technologies; in general, most of what we consume [that is not naturally
grown] or produce contributes to unnatural gasses in our atmosphere).
Gasses are also a global warming phenomena. This is caused by heat
being trapped by objects (such as buildings and roads). Unfortunately,
warmer temperatures are causing other changes around the world, such as
melting glaciers and stronger storms - just look at the eastcoast storm
Sandy and the tornado that struck Oklahoma killing hundreds of people.
These changes are happening because the Earth's air, water, and land are
all linked to the climate. The Earth's climate has changed before, but
this time is different. People are causing these changes, which are
bigger and happening faster than any climate changes that modern society
has ever seen before.


Tropical storm “Guchol” moved closer to the Philippines yesterday but state weather forecasters said it is not expected to directly hit any part of the country.Guchol, which will be given the local name “Butchoy” once it enters Philippine territory, was unlikely to make landfall, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) said yesterday.
However, PAGASA said Butchoy may enhance the southwest monsoon and bring rains over Luzon and Western Visayas until early next week.
In Metro Manila, advise has been given out by the OAAP to its members regarding the weather situation and consequently, billboards were rolled down especially in the area of EDSA Guadalupe. Most billboards may remain rolled down for the rest of the weekend or until the weather clears by about Monday, June 18, 2012.
Disclaimer: Projected dates for the weather clearing up may vary depending on actual meteorological conditions. Advertisers and Ad Agencies are advised to work closely with their billboard suppliers for developments.


County Durham Climate Change Strategy
Climate change poses one of the greatest long term risks to us and has the potential to cause widespread problems for generations to come.
The science highlighting the link between man's activities and climate change is becoming stronger and early action is critical if we are to avoid the worst impacts.
Issues such as the conservation of a finite fuel resource, increasing energy and food prices, and political stability are all fundamentally linked to energy supply and a changing climate.
Climate change strategy and delivery plan
These documents set out how we plan to tackle emissions and how we will prepare for the most likely impacts of emissions which already affect the atmosphere.


Get the Dallas weather forecast. Access hourly, 10 day and 15 day forecasts along with up to the minute reports and videos for Dallas, TX 75202 from AccuWeather.com
Be prepared with the most accurate 10-day forecast for with highs, lows, chance of precipitation from The Weather Channel and Weather.com
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Wednesday, July 10, 2019 Generally sunny despite a few afternoon clouds. Continued hot and humid. High 98F. Winds SSE at 5 to 10 mph. Partly cloudy. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible.
Weather Underground provides local & long range weather forecasts, weather reports, maps & tropical weather conditions for locations worldwide.
Get the latest Dallas-Fort Worth local weather forecasts, maps, radar, and alerts from NBC 5's certified Meteorologists. Find severe weather alets, school closings, video forecasts, and more ...
Find the most current and reliable 7 day weather forecasts, storm alerts, reports and information for Dallas, TX, US with The Weather Network.
Want to know what the weather is now? Check out our current live radar and weather forecasts for Dallas, TX to help plan your day


It has been announced today that the UK's largest power station Drax is planning on becoming carbon negative by 2030, meaning it plans to capture more carbon than it releases. The plant in North Yorkshire which produces 5% of the UK's power has already switched from coal to largely being powered by renewable fuel in the form of wood pellets, but the announcement to become carbon negative takes things ones step further in helping the country achieve it's net zero emission target.
Drax plans on achieving this in two ways. Firstly by only using pellets from sustainably farmed trees which capture carbon emissions as they grow. Secondly they will be installing carbon capture technology on the site to trap the emissions from burning wood. A pilot scheme on site is currently underway and proving successful, with plans of a roll out to two of its towers by the end of next decade which when completed will remove eight million tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere each year.
More information can be found on the BBC news article.


ISLAMABAD, May 19 (APP): Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) here Friday predicted light rain-thunderstorm with gusty winds is expected at a few places in Malakand, Hazara, Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, D I khan, D.G khan, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sahiwal, Lahore, Gujranwala divisions FATA, Kashmir and its adjoining hilly areas during next 24 hours.
Mainly hot and dry weather is expected in most parts of the country, the Met office said.
During last 24 hours, weather remained hot and dry in most parts of the country. The highest maximum temperature was recorded at Dadu, Sh. Benazirabad, Larkana 47°C, Jacobabad, Sukkur 46°C, R.Y.Khan, Rohri, Moenjodaro and Turbat 45°C.


The ER210 is a Compact AM/FM NOAA Weather Alert Radio. The NOAA Weather Band receiver brings you weather forecasts, severe weather alerts, or other civil emergencies. The AM/FM channels gives access to the news to stay informed or listen to your favorite radio stations.
The Midland ER210 is built with emergency situations in mind. The hand crank digital weather alert radio and flashlight are perfect for severe weather situations or daily use. Its important to be prepared. Go with Midland, a proven leader in weather radios. ..Because early warning is your best protection.
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AIR pollution is linked to thousands of deaths a year in Barnsley, researchers claim.
According to a report by the charity Centre for Cities, around 9,300 deaths – four in every 100 – can be linked to long-term exposure to airbourne pollutants.
In 2017, the most recent year for which information is available, 94 deaths could be directly attributed to exposure to fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5 – almost invisible matter, both man-made or naturally forming, that can penetrate deep in people’s lungs and particularly affects those with pre-existing breathing conditions.
Examples of this are dust and soot, and particles of brake pads which are dispersed when a car’s brakes are applied.
Deaths directly linked to PM2.5 in Barnsley are on a similar level to Luton (93) and Northampton (97), both similarly-sized towns – but some way off London where 3,799 were caused by exposure to PM2.5.
With regards to long-term exposure, areas in the south are more affected – with London, Slough, Chatham and Luton all above a six per cent rate of deaths.
Deaths attributed to long-term PM2.5 exposure in Barnsley occur at a rate of 3.8 per cent, while Leeds is around 4.5, Doncaster is 4.2 and Sheffield 3.9.
Most of the PM2.5 production in Barnsley is caused by industrial burning – around half – and then domestic or commercial combustion, such as people burning wood or coal fires.
Roughly ten per cent is caused by road transport.
Another major pollutant, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is predominantly caused by road transport – this makes up 60 per cent of the NO2 recorded in Barnsley.
However, the town – one of more than 260 to declare a ‘climate emergency’ – has no roads that breach legal limits, in contrast with Sheffield, Doncaster, Huddersfield, Wakefield and particularly Leeds.
And pollution levels measured in Barnsley could be caused by these areas, claimed Coun Jim Andrews, cabinet spokesman for public health.
He said: “Since declaring a climate emergency, we’re committed to improving air quality and health across the borough.
“Air pollution can come from a number of sources, including ones outside of Barnsley. However, we will continue to monitor these levels and feed them into central government data so that we can collectively work towards reducing pollutant levels and achieving zero carbon emissions.”
In 2018, Centre for Cities noted 19 days on which the Daily Air Quality Index – a measure of air pollution levels and the associated health risks – was above safe levels in Barnsley.
This is the same as Doncaster and Huddersfield, and lower than Sheffield (22) and Leeds (23) – with the highest readings reported in Bournemouth, London and Southampton.
Andrew Carter, chief executive of Centre for Cities, said: “Politicians often talk tough on addressing air pollution but we need to see more action. People in Yorkshire should be at the centre of the fight against its toxic air and councils should take the steps needed, including banning wood burning stoves.
“To help the government needs to provide Yorkshire’s councils with extra money and introduce stricter guidelines. Failure to act now will lead to more deaths.”
Air pollution, states the report, is responsible for around 40,000 deaths a year nationally – as well as 20,000 hospital stays and more than six million sick days.


- The Plants
- Grow Native
Arizona has experienced dramatic hydroclimatic variability over the past several years with back-to-back record warm and dry summers and an intervening winter season with near average precipitation in 2020. The winter and spring seasons of 2021 are also shaping up to be drier and warmer than average helping to intensify short-term drought conditions across the state. At the same time, longer-term drought conditions dating back to the mid-90’s continue to impact water resources across the region. What is the difference between short and long-term drought and its impact on different resources? Is this type of shorter-term climate variability normal for Arizona or a harbinger of things to come? Will the current long-term drought end? This presentation will explore the unique aspects of Arizona’s hydroclimate that control precipitation variability at both short and long timescales as well as how increasing temperatures relate to drought conditions. We will also explore climate model projections for Arizona and what they mean in terms of potential changes in temperatures and precipitation patterns in coming decades.
Dr. Michael Crimmins is on the faculty of the Department of Environmental Science at the University of Arizona and is an Extension Specialist in Climate Science for Arizona Cooperative Extension. He has been in this role for 15 years working with ranchers, farmers and natural resource managers across Arizona to integrate climate information in their planning and decision making and assisting them in developing strategies to adapt to a changing climate. He also serves as a drought monitoring expert on the Arizona Governor’s Drought Task Force.


Imagine you’re the captain of a huge jumbo jet with all your family and friends on board. It’s a long flight and you’ve had it on autopilot. Now it’s dark and foggy outside and the instruments are all you have to fly by. For awhile now, your instruments have been warning you about your altitude being too low and the mountain range in your “distant” flight path. But you’ve been ignoring them because you’re in the middle of a big poker game and right now you’re “all in” while the other gamblers are still putting in their final bets. Suddenly, your instruments start blaring and the flight crew is yelling at you to disengage and change course immediately. But if you do, the cards will be scattered and your probable winning hand will be lost. You can’t decide….
Wham. A big fireball, horrific screaming and the lights go out. Permanently. Your family and all your friends are gone – forever.
This is exactly the high stakes game we are playing with our addiction to fossil fuels. The warning signs are screaming at you to decide and change course… Yesterday, the World Meteorological Society released its annual update on CO2 air pollution. It’s one of many compounds measured all around the world. According to the report, concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere between 2012 and 2013 grew at their fastest rate since 1984. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says that it highlights the need for a global climate treaty. But the UK’s energy secretary Ed Davey said that any such agreement might not contain legally binding emissions cuts, as has been previously envisaged. It’s clear that the US won’t decide either.
The WMO’s annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin doesn’t measure emissions from power station smokestacks but instead records how much of the warming gases remain in the atmosphere after the complex interactions that take place between the air, the land and the oceans. About half of all emissions are taken up by the seas, trees and living things. According to the bulletin, the globally averaged amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached 396 parts per million (ppm) in 2013, an increase of almost 3ppm over the previous year. Atmospheric CO2 is now at 142% of the levels in 1750, before the start of the industrial revolution. “The Greenhouse Gas Bulletin shows that, far from falling, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere actually increased last year at the fastest rate for nearly 30 years,” said Michel Jarraud, secretary general of the WMO. “We must reverse this trend by cutting emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases across the board,” he said. “We are running out of time.”
The National Audubon Society issued a somber report yesterday about how America’s birds will react to anticipated climate changes. Another is expected today from Cornell. According to the Audubon bird study, half of all 588 bird species in North America—including the bald eagle, a national symbol—face large climate shifts that could cut their habitats and cause severe population decline by 2080 if climate change continues at its present pace. The very comprehensive first-of-a-kind study uses 30 years of North American climate data, records from the American Breeding Bird Survey and the Audubon Christmas Bird Count, and climate projections from a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
It’s not a problem after they’re gone. It’s a big problem now. As the decline accelerates, that will have major impacts on all our continental ecosystems. If you don’t believe Global Climate Change is man-made, you should be hoping it is, so you can do something about it… Otherwise, we’re all screwed.


Diffuse sky radiation is solar radiation reaching the earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates in the atmosphere also called sky radiation , diffuse skylight , or just skylight , it is the reason for the color changes of the sky. Scattering of light by small particles and molecules in the atmosphere different from reflection, where radiation is deflected in one direction, some particles and molecules found in the atmosphere have the ability to scatter solar radiation in all directions. The earth's atmosphere performs a couple of cool optical tricks the blue color of the sky is due to rayleigh scattering which means as light moves through the atmosphere, most of the longer. Radiation(solar) qiangfu,universityofwashington,seattle,wa,usa the scattering of solar radiation by air molecules can earth's atmosphere and the lower curve. A solar beam being scattered in earth's atmosphere when entered to the medium has been scattered again on atmosphere molecules affected by earlier single scattered solar beam it cause a multiple scattering, that tends to wash out the strong wavelength-dependence.
When the rays of sunlight take a longer path through the atmosphere much more scattering can occur with enough scattering, almost all of the shorter wavelengths can be removed from the original beam of sunlight. This scattering, called rayleigh scattering, is more effective at short wavelengths (the blue end of the visible spectrum) therefore the light scattered down to the earth at a large angle with respect to the direction of the sun's light is predominantly in the blue end of the spectrum. Scattering is the redirection of electromagnetic energy by suspended particles in the atmosphere the type and amount of scattering that occurs depends on the size of the particles and the wavelength of the energy.
In electromagnetic radiation: scattering, reflection, and refractionit is the reason the sky is blue and the setting sun is red the higher-frequency blue light from the sun is scattered much more by the atoms and molecules of earth's atmosphere than is the lower-frequency red light. The results of detailed calculations on first order rayleigh- and mie-scattering in the earth's atmosphere illuminated by the milky way and the zodiacal light are presented. The exosphere is the outermost layer of earth's atmosphere (ie the upper limit of the atmosphere) it extends from the exobase, which is located at the top of the thermosphere at an altitude of about 700 km above sea level, to about 10,000 km (6,200 mi 33,000,000 ft) where it merges into the solar wind. Electromagnetic radiation interactions with matter through the atmosphere attenuation = scattering + absorption 3-5 mm emitted thermal energy from earth. The sun provides the energy that drives earth's climate, but not all of the energy that reaches the top of the atmosphere finds its way to the surface that's because aerosols—and clouds seeded by them—reflect about a quarter of the sun's energy back to space different aerosols scatter or.
Sunlight reaches earth's atmosphere and is scattered in all directions by all the gases and particles in the air blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in earth's atmosphere. Scattering not all of the gases in earth's atmosphere are good at absorbing incoming radiation many of them are responsible for scattering incoming radiation, particularly light waves, causing. Scattering itself is one of five pathways solar radiation can take when entering the atmosphere it occurs when insolation is deflected and/or redirected upon entering the atmosphere by dust, gas, ice, and water vapor present there. Scattering in the earth's atmosphere tony yuk hei chan abstract introduction when the sun radiates light to the earth, incoming solar radiation often is scattered from its original direction of propagation as it enter earth's atmosphere.
Technically, the earth process is far different from an actual greenhouse as greenhouses simply stem heat loss through convection, a regular process in earth's atmosphere so the name is misleading without atmospheric gases trapping outgoing terrestrial radiation, average earth temperatures would be about -18oc (0of. Light scattering in the earth's atmosphere (an essay on the 150th anniversary of the discovery by arago of the polarization of light in the daytime sky, and on the 100th anniversary of the discovery by govi of the polarization of light in scattering. Mie scattering is caused by pollen, dust, smoke, water droplets, and other particles in the lower portion of the atmosphere it occurs when the particles causing the scattering are larger than the wavelengths of radiation in contact with them. Volumetric atmospheric scattering if you have lived long enough on planet earth, you might have wondered why the sky is usually blue, yet red at sunset the optical phenomenon which is (mostly) responsible for that is called rayleigh scattering. Processes associated with the heating of the atmosphere: insolation, reflection, scattering, absorption, radiation, conduction and convection 11 insolation: in coming sol ar radi ation the sun 's energy received by the earth.
Absorption and scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere 31 composition and structure of the earth's atmosphere to describe the interaction of the earth's atmosphere with solar radiation, it is essential that the atmosphere's composition is understood. Previously i have described the light scattering mechanism on the smallest particles of the earth's atmosphere, where mainly the rayleigh scattering plays a role now is time to round off this whole article and say something more about a different group of elements, that also contributes in the light scattering process.
The earth's average albedo, reflectance from both the atmosphere and the surface, is about 30% figure 7f-5 describes the modification of solar radiation by atmospheric and surface processes for the whole earth over a period of one year. The atmosphere, heated by the absorption of earth radiation by these greenhouse gasses, in turn radiates heat back to the earth's surface increasing the earth's surface temperature transparency: the earth's atmosphere is effectively transparent to solar radiation between 34 and 7 microns.
Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass. An accurate description of multiple scattering is essential in atmospheric radiative transfer modeling of ultraviolet and visible light in the earth's atmosphere.


The night from Monday to Tuesday (February 7) was probably the coldest night of this winter. The Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute reported this on their social media channel. According to the meteorologists, the conditions for a significant cooling will be even more pronounced on Wednesday night. It will clear up and the wind will weaken in most of the territory, except for the south-east, where a moderate north wind will still blow. "There's a high probability that at night we'll see more locations with temperatures below minus 20 degrees Celsius and mostly even lower minimums, while it may also be the coldest night of this winter," added the meteorologists.
Zuzana Botiková, Photo: TASR


Director / Co- Director
Scott Bunson firstname.lastname@example.org
Sunday 04/30 10%
Overcast. High around 85F. Winds SSE at 10 to 15 mph.
Monday 05/01 80%
Chance of a Thunderstorm
Thunderstorms in the morning, then partly cloudy late. High near 75F. Winds SW at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 80%.
Tuesday 05/02 0%
Sunny skies. High 78F. Winds W at 10 to 15 mph.


My name is Emma. I’m a student here at Columbia University, studying economics. I have been given this marvelous change to give you a speech on climate change and president Barack Obama’s action plan.
Our president Mr. Barack Obama made an action plan to oppose the global warning and reducing the release of greenhouse gases.
For instance, the massive release of carbon dioxide, also known as CO2, into the atmosphere by 32% by the time of 2030. The plan aims at the coal-fired power plants.
Within year 2016 the States of America must submit on the clean power plan, and if they are not willing to do so, the government will force them to.
In a short video President Barack Obama made it clear, that we all need to make a change. It’s threatening our economy, safety and health.
The big toxic spill of CO2 into the atmosphere is increasing asthma cases. Actually, it has increased by double in the last three decades.


Saturday, October 17, 2009
Bush Administration Document Evidencing 2007 "Endangerment Finding" Released
The Environmental Protection Agency released a 2007 report called the "endangerment finding" written by Bush administration officials that concluded that the government should begin regulating greenhouse gas emissions because global warming posed serious risks to the country. The Bush administration refused to make the report public because it opposed new governmental efforts to regulate greenhouse gases.
The report was released pursuant to a FOIA request by the environmental trade publication Greenwire.
Get more information here.


|Betreff: Check out Weather Underground: Los Angeles, California Forecast|
|Von: valerie fine
|Datum: Fri, 7 Jan 2005 09:01:25 -0800 (PST)|
Date: Fri, 7 Jan 2005 11:47:13 EST
Subject: Check out Weather Underground: Los Angeles, California Forecast
Click here: Weat
Statement as of 8:30 AM PST on January 07, 2005
... Flash flood watches continue for southwestern California...
A Flash Flood Watch for San Luis Obispo County remains in effect
until 4 PM PST today.
A Flash Flood Watch for Santa Barbara County remains in effect until
4 PM PST Sunday...
Flash Flood Watch for Ventura and Los Angeles counties remains in
effect until 4 PM PST Sunday...
A Flash Flood Watch means that flash flooding is possible... but
not imminent... in the watch area. People in these areas should
stay abreast of the latest developments and be prepared to take
immediate action if a warning is issued or flooding is encountered.
A series of Pacific storm systems will move through the region
through Sunday. The first band of heavy rainfall was crossing the
area this morning... with heaviest rain for the balance of the day
expected over Santa Barbara... Ventura and Los Angeles counties. A
second band of rain will likely impact the area Saturday afternoon
through Sunday afternoon. Rainfall totals for the weekend are
forecast to range from 3 to 6 inches for coastal and valley
areas... with 5 to 10 inches in the foothills and mountains... and
local totals of up to 15 inches along some of the orographically
favored south facing slopes.
Rainfall rates during the peak periods of the storm may exceed one
inch per hour. Given the large amounts of rain that have already
fallen across Southern California during the last several days...
the additional expected rainfall has the potential to cause serious
flooding problems. Storm totals so far for this storm have been as
much as 2 inches over the western Santa Ynez mountain range. Flash
flooding is possible along small streams and in low lying areas.
Street and roadway flooding is likely in the normally flood prone
areas. Significant rises are expected on area mainstem
rivers... including the Los Angeles... San Gabriel... Santa
Clara... Ventura... Santa Ynez and Salinas rivers.
Mudslides and debris flows will be a significant threat with this
storm as well. The mudslide potential will be highest in and below
the recently burned areas... but all residents living on or near
hillsides or mountain slopes should be prepared for possible
mudslides and debris flows.
Southern California residents... especially those who live in low
lying areas... near rivers or streams... or in or below the recently
burned areas are urged to take The Steps necessary as soon as
possible to protect their property. Persons in the watch area should
remain alert and follow directions of emergency preparedness
officials. Evacuations should begin immediately without waiting for
instructions if heavy flows of water or mud are observed.
Stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio or your favorite media source for
the latest information on this developing weather situation.
her Underground: Los Angeles, California Forecast


The current images from the weather radar station located near the Town of Strathmore appear below. These images are provided by Environment Canada. The Big Sky Observatory is located about 92 kilometres south of Strathmore, which makes Strathmore the site of the closest weather radar station. For this reason, we use the Strathmore XSM weather radar station to see if any precipitation is occurring in the vicinity of the Big Sky Observatory.
Please note that it sometimes takes about a minute for these radar images to load. Please be patient!


Photo credits: The Nation, 2019
USA Today, 2019
STRIKING FOR CLIMATE
by Aleena Chaudhry (10)
On September 27, 2019, more than two million youths and adults alike from over 150 countries participated in the “Global Week for the Future,” an international protest initiative led by Swedish female activist Greta Thunberg and aimed at raising awareness about political inaction regarding the pressing issue of climate change. Two million.
Clearly, climate change has become an important global problem to tackle. Though many would still rather pretend that climate change is a “made up” phenomenon, the fact of the matter is that it’s happening.
But how exactly do we know that it’s real? Is this just something the media has made up to scare the public into living a fearful life?
Trump has attempted to put forward the idea that climate change is somehow “fake”. He has attempted to remove many of the guardrails installed by the Obama administration to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases. Trump also made the decision to pull out of the Paris climate agreement, and even without this measure, the US could have legally left the global agreement as early as 2020. He even stated that it was “one of the dumbest things I’ve ever heard in politics.” He also claimed to have “a natural instinct for science”, but one can’t argue with facts.
The Earth’s average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit since the 19th century. This significant change is primarily due to the man-made emissions of carbon dioxide. Ice sheets are shrinking; Antarctica lost approximately 127 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2016 while Greenland lost an average of 286 billion tons of ice during the same time period. Worldwide, glaciers are disappearing at a rate of about 400 billion tons a year. Sea levels have risen 8 inches since the last century, and the rate has been doubling for the last two decades. Furthermore, the number of record high temperature events in the United States has been increasing since 1950.
Moreover, if climate change was just a hoax, then why are we seeing a yearly outbreak of wildfires in California? Simply put, this isn’t just a coincidence. Within a decade, climate change has contributed to an extra 10 million acres of burning in western forests— an area about the size of Massachusetts and Connecticut combined. This increase can be attributed to the fact that California itself has warmed about three degrees Fahrenheit over the past century. The warm air leaves plants, trees, and shrubs dry, priming them to burn. Since when did it become normal for there to be an epidemic of fires every single year?
So what? Why does all of this evidence matter? What does it even mean?
Even though it may feel like there is nothing wrong with the climate, there are some serious long term effects. If temperatures continue to rise, we will be seeing more droughts, heatwaves, and hurricanes in the future. If we fast-forward a couple of hundred years, who knows if civilization as we know it will even exist? After all, we are destroying the planet at a pretty fast rate.
But why is this even happening? What did we do wrong?
Greenhouse gases are the underlying cause, which traps heat from the sun, not allowing it to radiate back into space. Humans have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by more than a third since the Industrial Revolution. Over the last 100 years, the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change determined that there is a 95 percent probability that human activities over the past 50 years have warmed our planet.
People don’t fully understand how serious this problem is becoming. In fact, more than one-quarter of Americans are climate change skeptics. They believe that since they haven’t noticed a change in the weather around them, nothing is wrong, or that fluctuation in temperature is just part of the Earth’s ‘natural cycle.’ Others who do acknowledge climate change don’t bother changing their lifestyle because they don’t believe it affects them in the near term. Although it’s very likely that we won’t be seeing the profound effects of climate change right away, future generations will—and by then, it will be too late. That is exactly WHY this issue is so important. If not for yourself, act for the Earth’s future population.
But how can you act? What can we do to help solve this problem?
Unfortunately, even if we stopped emitting all greenhouse gases today, global warming and climate change will continue to affect future generations. In this way, humanity is “committed” to some level of climate change. But what we do have control of is how much climate change occurs. Here are some things we all can do:
Use energy wisely—don’t be wasteful, and always unplug appliances when not in use.
Start a climate change conversation, and spread awareness—because apparently some people refuse to believe this is a real issue. (In fact, there’s a great climate change club at Foothill called Local Leaders. Meetings are every Monday in C-16. Check it out!)
Use public transport, bike, or carpool.
Power your home with renewable energy.hoose a utility company that generates at least half its power from wind or solar and is certified by Green-e-Energy.
Reduce water waste; start by taking five-minute showers!
Plant trees to capture the carbon!
Reduce your beef intake- bovine flatulence and gas release from processing food causes a significant amount of methane output!
Climate change will have an impact on your life. But the opposite is also true: your actions will influence the planet for the coming decades – for better or for worse.


When the atmospheric temperature is down and the speed of wind is high, then your body feels wind chill. Our calculator helps you know about the wind chill outside. You do not have to do rocket science for calculating wind chills. You need to put some values in our calculator and, after that, you will get your result.
A wind chill is the feeling of cold after decreasing the temperature due to the flow of air around your body. In more laymen's language, feeling lower temperature as compared to the temperature outside your house. It may cause various health issues in your body like frostbite and hypothermia.
The formula for wind chill calculation looks a bit difficult but trust me you can understand that easily. Here is the formula for wind chill calculation manually.
T (WC) = 13.12 + 0.6215* T (a) *(11.37 * V ^0.16 ) + (0.3965 * T * V^0.16 )
Note: Instead of using temperature in degrees celsius you can put these values in Fahrenheit, then the wind chill calculation will also be in Fahrenheit, And the speed of wind in miles per hour.
If the wind is blowing in North Carolina with a speed of 15 km/h and the temperature of the air is 6 degrees celsius, find the windchill?
The air temperature is = 6 degrees celsius.
Speed of the wind given = 15 km/h
The formula for wind chill calculation isWind Chill Temperature T (WC) = 13.12 + 0.6215* T (a) *(11.37 * V ^0.16 ) + (0.3965 * T * V^0.16 )
Now put the given values in the formula,
T (WC) = 13.12 + (0.6215 * 6) - (11.37* 15 ^ 0.16) + 0.3965 * 6 * 15 ^ 0.16)
T (WC) = 13.12 + (3.729) - (11.37 * 1.54) + 0.3965 * 6 * 1.54
= 13.12 + 3.729- 17.50 + 3.66
T (WC)= 3.01 degree celsius
Not just this calculator we have got you covered with several calculators on arithmeticcalculator.com a trustworthy portal for all your needs.
1. What is the unit for Wind Chill Temperature Measurement?
The wind chill temperature is measured in Degree Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
2. What are the health issues caused by Wind chill?
The wind chill can cause various damages to your skin and health, some most common problems are frostbite i.e a burning of skin due to windchill, tendon-bone, blisters, etc. other is Hypothermia which causes mental confusion, slurred speech, amnesia, etc.
3. How to change the temperature from Fahrenheit to degrees celsius?
For changing the temperature from Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius you have to apply the formula i.e. (F-32)/ 9 = C. Suppose, the temperature in Fahrenheit is 98.6 F then Put the value in the formula like this: (98.6-32)/9, by solving this you will get the answer i.e 37 degrees.
4. At what temperature the frostbite can occur?
At a temperature between -25 to -45 degrees Celsius, there is a risk of frostbite and hypothermia.


Alarming increase in expected growth of China CO2 emissions
The growth in China's carbon dioxide emissions is far outpacing previous estimates, making the goal of stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gases even more difficult, according to a new analysis by economists at the University of California, Berkeley, and UC San Diego.
Previous estimates, including those used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, say the region that includes China will see a 2.5 to 5 percent annual increase in CO2 emissions, the largest contributor to atmospheric greenhouse gases, between 2004 and 2010.
The new UC analysis puts that annual growth rate for China to at least 11 percent for the same time period.
The researchers' most conservative forecast predicts that by 2010, there will be an increase of 600 million metric tons of carbon emissions in China over the country's levels in 2000.
This growth from China alone would dramatically overshadow the 116 million metric tons of carbon emissions reductions pledged by all the developed countries in the Kyoto Protocol. The projected annual increase in China alone over the next several years is greater than the current emissions produced by either Great Britain or Germany.
In explaining the starting differences in results from previous estimates for China's carbon emissions growth, the UC researchers point out that they used province-level figures in their analysis to obtain a more detailed picture of the country's CO2 emissions up to 2004.
Researchers traditionally calculate the CO2 emissions for a region or country from data on fossil fuel consumption. Existing models then use those emission figures and factor in such variables as population size, a society's affluence and technology developments to forecast the growth of greenhouse gas emissions.
Stabilizing emissions hard to achieve
Based upon these findings, the authors say current global warming forecasts are "overly optimistic," and that action is urgently needed to curb greenhouse gas production in China and other rapidly industrializing countries.
The authors of the study, Maximillian Auffhammer, UC Berkeley assistant professor of agricultural and resource economics, and Richard Carson, UC San Diego professor of economics, based their findings upon pollution data from China's 30 provincial entities.
Auffhammer said this paper should serve as an alarm challenging the widely held belief that actions taken by the wealthy, industrialized nations alone represent a viable strategy towards the goal of stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
"Making China and other developing countries an integral part of any future climate agreement is now even more important," stresses Auffhammer.
"It had been expected that the efficiency of China's power generation would continue to improve as per capita income increased, slowing down the rate of CO2 emissions growth. What we're finding instead is that the emissions growth rate is surpassing our worst expectations, and that means the goal of stabilizing atmospheric CO2 is going to be much, much harder to achieve."
The study is scheduled for print publication in the May issue of the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, but is now online.
Source and more information:
UC Berkeley News
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This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2008)
In the southern hemisphere, the Pole of Cold is currently located in Antarctica, at the Russian (formerly Soviet) Antarctic station Vostok at . On July 21, 1983, this station recorded a temperature of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). This is the lowest naturally occurring temperature ever recorded on Earth. Vostok station is located at the elevation of 3,488 m (11,444 ft) above sea level, far removed from the moderating influence of oceans (more than 1,000 km [620 mi] from the nearest sea coast), and high latitude that results in almost three months of civil polar night every year (early May to end of July), all combine to produce an environment where temperatures rarely rise above −25 °C (−13 °F) during summer and frequently fall below −70 °C (−94 °F) in winter. By comparison, the South Pole, due to its lower elevation, is, on average, 5 to 10 °C (9 to 18 °F) warmer than Vostok, and the lowest temperature ever recorded at the South Pole is −82.8 °C (−117 °F).
It is generally thought that Vostok is not the coldest place in Antarctica, and there are locations (notably, Dome A) that are modestly colder on average. The now inactive Plateau Station, located on the central Antarctic plateau, recorded an average yearly temperature that was consistently lower than that of Vostok Station during the 37-month period that it was active in the late 1960s, with its average for the coldest month being several degrees lower than the same statistic for Vostok. Plateau Station never recorded a temperature that surpassed the record low set at Vostok. However, temperatures at Plateau Station were only recorded during the 37 months that it was active. Had a lower temperature than the Vostok record occurred there at a later date, it would never have been recorded.
Monitoring stations in Antarctica are few and far between; prior to 1995, Vostok was the only research station on the Antarctic Plateau above the elevation of 3,000 m (with the exception of Plateau Station during the brief period that it was active in the 1960s), with no other stations for several hundred kilometers in any direction. Temperatures below −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), if they did occur elsewhere, would not have been recorded. The automatic weather station at Dome A was only installed in 2005, and has recorded −82.5 °C (−116.5 °F) as the coldest so far (2010). However a review of satellite measurements taken between 2010 and 2013 found several places located along a ridge between Dome A and Dome F which recorded even lower temperatures of −92 to −94 °C (−134 to −137 °F), with the lowest reliable temperature being −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) recorded in 2010, at , at an elevation of 3,900 m (12,800 ft). The extreme low temperatures are found in hollows slightly below the peak of the ice ridge, where cold air gets trapped as it flows downhill, and since the same low temperature ranges were detected at several different sites along the ridge across multiple years, it is thought this may be the lowest temperature achievable under local atmospheric conditions.
In the northern hemisphere, there are two towns in Sakha, Russia that compete for the title of "Pole of Cold". These are Verkhoyansk (located at ) and Oymyakon (located at ). However the World Meteorological Organization has recognized in 2020 a temperature of −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F), measured near the topographic summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet on 22 December 1991, as the lowest in the Northern Hemisphere. The record was measured at an automatic weather station and was uncovered after nearly 30 years.
In December 1868 and then in February 1869 Ivan Khudyakov made the discovery of the Northern Pole of Cold by measuring a record temperature of −63.2 °C (−81.8 °F) in Verkhoyansk. Later, on January 15, 1885, a temperature of −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) was registered there by Sergey Kovalik. This measurement was published in the Annals of the General Physical Observatory in 1892; by mistake it was written as −69.8 °C (−93.6 °F), which was later corrected. One can still find this incorrect value in some literature. The coldest reliably measured temperature in Verkhoyansk was −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) on February 5 and 7 of 1892.
On February 6, 1933, a temperature of −67.7 °C (−89.9 °F) was recorded at Oymyakon's weather station. At the time, this was the coldest reliably measured temperature for the Northern Hemisphere. The weather station is in a valley between Oymyakon and Tomtor. The station is at 750 m (2,460 ft) and the surrounding mountains at 1,100 m (3,600 ft), causing cold air to pool in the valley: recent studies show that winter temperatures in the area "increase" with elevation by as much as 10 °C (18 °F). The average temperature in Oymyakon has risen about 2.7 degrees Celsius since preindustrial times.
On December 22, 1991, the Klinck Automatic Weather Station (AWS) in Greenland recorded a temperature of −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F). The WMO validated the metadata and observations and was able to conclude that the observation was credible in terms of instrument calibration, monitoring of the station and the synoptic situation. The WMO Rapporteur accepted the observation as the officially lowest observed near‐surface air temperature for the Northern and Western Hemispheres.
- List of weather records
- Lowest temperature recorded on Earth
- Life in the Freezer
- Coldest place in the universe
- Coldest spot on Earth identified by satellite. BBC News, 9 December 2013
- Landsat 8 Helps Unveil the Coldest Place On Earth
- WMO verifies -69.6°C Greenland temperature as Northern hemisphere recordPress Release Number: 23092020; WMO, 23 September 2020.
- N.A. Stepanova. "On the Lowest Temperatures on Earth" (PDF).
- "Northern Hemisphere: Lowest Temperature". WMO. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
- See Response of glaciers in the Suntar-Khayata Range, eastern Siberia
- Simon Denyer; Chris Mooney (November 12, 2019). "2°C: BEYOND THE LIMIT: The climate chain reaction that threatens the heart of the Pacific". Washington Post. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
The Cold Pole, too, is warming rapidly, by about 2.7 degrees Celsius since preindustrial times in the village of Oymyakon.
- Weidner, George; King, John; Box, Jason E.; Colwell, Steve; Jones, Phil; Lazzara, Matthew; Cappelen, John; Brunet, Manola; Cerveny, Randall S. (23 September 2020). "WMO evaluation of northern hemispheric coldest temperature: −69.6 °C at Klinck, Greenland, 22 December 1991" (PDF). Royal Meteorological Society. 147 (734): 21. Bibcode:2021QJRMS.147...21W. doi:10.1002/qj.3901. S2CID 224847607.


One of China’s most fundamental environmental challenges is its levels of air pollution. Beijing is seriously affected by air pollution associated with rapid urbanisation and automobile emissions, the country’s coal industry, but also due to its geographical location near to the Gobi Desert. However, the annual New Year celebrations and associated firework displays is a significant yearly addition to the city’s struggle with air pollution.
Following last week’s Lunar New Year celebrations, air pollution levels associated with the firework displays reached headlines across the city. The air pollution levels reached levels a hundred times higher than levels identified as acceptable for human and environmental health. ABC News reported a fine particulate matter reading of 1.593 milligrams per cubic meter after the New Year celebration fireworks. It is the very small size of these particles that make them particularly dangerous for human health, enabling these pollutants to penetrate deep into human lungs.
The city’s New Year celebrations air pollution reaching news headlines, again offers the international community the opportunity to consider China’s environmental challenge in a broader light: to what extent is the international community contributing to China’s air pollution challenges? Will the developed world consider giving up its lifestyles based on mass consumption, to help control air pollution in other countries, such as China?
Watch this Asia Society media clip: http://sites.asiasociety.org/beijingair/
Photo credit: some rights reserved by DonDomingo via flickr.


As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events around the globe, the United Nations is calling for better weather forecasts and early warning systems to save lives.
Climate change is affecting every region of the globe, including the Middle East. The United Nations has set a five-year goal for developing early warning systems that will protect everyone on earth against extreme weather events.
The World Meteorological Organisation is in charge of achieving that goal and is expected to present an action plan at the next U.N. Climate Change Conference, COP 27, which will be held in Sharm el-Sheik, Egypt, in November.
Dangerous Gaps in the Data
Early warning systems will require better forecasts, and that’s a problem in some countries because of a dangerous data gap in the weather observations that forecasts are based on.
Meteorologists like Ladislaus Chang’a, director of research at the Tanzania Meteorological Agency, know this problem firsthand.
Whenever Chang’a visits his home in southern Tanzania, his neighbours ask, “When should we plant?”
“As our agriculture is still largely rain-fed, this is the most important question for a farmer,” Chang’a said.
But the regular rains are now harder to predict, he said.
On the other side of the globe, Evan Thompson, director of the Meteorological Service in Jamaica, has seen his island hit by extreme weather events as seasonal hurricanes have become more severe.


Despite of the fact that the Algarve has a homogeneous annual climate, actual weather conditions may significantly differ in the various locations due to the winds on the Atlantic coast. In the summer the sea in the Eastern Algarve is usually warmer than in the western part of the Algarve because of the Mediterranean winds from the Levant. Especially iduring the winter time wind and waves will be considerably rougher on the Western coast.
The Algarve's geographical position on Europe’s westernmost tip in the south of Portugal gives it some special bioclimatic features. Although situated by the Atlantic Ocean, it has a temperate climate with Mediterranean characteristics, more than 3,000 hours of sunshine per year and a low annual average rainfall, mainly during the winter months. Even in the hottest days in July and August a mild breeze from the Atlantic provides relief.
Source: "Algarve weather and climate" - algarve-portal.com


There’s no net zero without carbon removals
A single place where we can streamline efforts to combat the climate crisis.
We’re bringing together the most promising direct air and ocean carbon capture companies under one roof.
Community and state buy-in.
We’re partnering closely with government officials and local communities to ensure our facilities are a collective effort, built to serve the public’s best interests.
Powered by renewable energy.
We are strategically located in Quebec, a region with an abundance of hydroelectric power, immense wind power potential and a vast territory with the rich geological makeup required for this work.
Direct capture machines absorb carbon dioxide molecules in selective materials from ambient air and ocean water. The captured carbon is then safely and permanently sequestered.
State of Tech
Our Chief Carbon Scientist and Head of Engineering, Phil De Luna, explain how we pick technologies to pilot at Deep Sky.
Carbon is at the root of the climate crisis.
Over the last 150 years, we’ve released more than 800 gigatons of CO2 into the atmosphere to power our way of life.
That CO2 continues to accumulate, hanging in the atmosphere for thousands of years. Once emitted, it takes 10 to 50 years before we see its impact on the environment.
That means we still haven’t seen the extent of the damage our past emissions will cause.
Reducing emissions alone isn’t enough.
Removing C02 is essential.
To secure the next 150 years for humanity, Deep Sky aims to remove gigatons of carbon from the atmosphere and permanently store it underground, back where it belongs.


Catalina Island Weather Averages
Catalina island weather catalina island offers a mild subtropical climate with warm year round temperatures.
Catalina island weather averages. Based on weather reports collected during 1985 2015. Daily low temperatures increase by 2 f from 62 f to 65 f rarely falling below 56 f or exceeding 73 f. Santa catalina island california travel and vacation weather averages current conditions and forecasts.
Daytime maximum temperatures average around 19 c 67 f whilst at night 10 c 51 f is normal. For reference on august 23 the hottest day of the year temperatures at catalina airport typically. This rainfall is typically spread over 11 days although this may vary considerably.
The weather on catalina island is described as a mild subtropical climate with warm year round temperatures. Average weather in july at catalina airport california united states. On average july is the driest month of the year in catalina with around 2 6 inches of rain making it a reasonably dry time to visit.
The average high temperature during winter months on catalina island is 63 and the. At catalina airport the summers are short warm arid and clear and the winters are long cool and mostly clear. The weather on catalina island is described as a mild subtropical climate with warm year round temperatures.
During winter months the average high is 63 degrees f and the average low is 50 degrees f. Annual weather averages near avalon santa catalina island averages are for catalina airport which is 7 miles from avalon santa catalina island. Get the monthly weather forecast for catalina az including daily high low historical averages to help you plan ahead.
Average weather at catalina airport california united states.
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MODEL 5081 : Self-Reporting Weather Station
The Model 5081 Self-Reporting Weather Station automatically reports weather data
to a central site. Data transmitted from Model 5081 sites is being used for quantitative
determinations of oncoming storms, marine weather forecasting, determining effects
of wind on tidal areas, and establishing data bases for irrigation and agricultural programs.
The Weather Station Package is totally self-contained. Sensors are supplied complete
with cables and connectors. The main housing acts as the sensor support, antenna
tower and weather proof housing for the transmitter.
The standard Model 5081 Weather Station consists of wind, temperature, humidity,
barometric pressure and precipitation sensors, a Model 5096-81 transmitter, a solar
panel, interconnection cables and omni antenna. Weather stations can be supplied
with up to 7 analog and 4 digital sensors.
The Model 5096-81 Data Transmitter sends data on both event and timed modes as defined
by the "Plug and Play" default parameter set. Wind data is sent on an event basis
only (i.e. one wind report per three kilometers of wind run). The "Plug and Play"
parameter set allows the use of the Model 5096-81 without additional programming
via a laptop computer. However, the parameter set is still programmable and may be
changed by the user to meet site specific needs.


Thursday, November 28, 2013
(Washington, DC) -- Results from a new study show that the U.S. emissions of methane are much higher than current estimates. The findings published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Science" show that greenhouse gas emissions from livestock and the extraction of oil and natural gas are likely 50 percent higher than previously thought. The discrepancy could be in the testing methods. The latest data was taken from the tops of telecommunication towers and calculated what is actually present in the atmosphere. Previous studies used a "bottom-up" approach, calculating emission based the amount of methane typically released per cow or per unit of coal or natural gas sold.


20. Aurora Borealis and Australis – North and South Hemispheres
The closer you get to the north or south poles, the more likely you may be lucky enough to see the beautiful ethereal glows of an aurora lit sky. The phenomenon is the aurora borealis or Northern Lights in the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere, it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. How does it happen? Particles electrically charged by the sun enter the atmosphere. The result is a multi-colored magical night sky!


Hurricane Lee is rewriting previous guidelines of meteorology, leaving consultants astonished at how quickly it grew right into a goliath Class 5 hurricane.
Lee — which simply as shortly dropped to a still-dangerous Class 3 and held that power Saturday — might nonetheless be a harbinger as ocean temperatures climb, spawning fast-growing main hurricanes that might threaten communities farther north and inland, consultants say.
“Hurricanes are getting stronger at greater latitudes,” mentioned Marshall Shepherd, director of the College of Georgia’s atmospheric sciences program and a previous president of the American Meteorological Society. “If that pattern continues, that brings into play locations like Washington, D.C., New York and Boston.”
Because the oceans heat, they act as jet gas for hurricanes.
“That further warmth comes again to present itself in some unspecified time in the future, and one of many methods it does is thru stronger hurricanes,” Shepherd mentioned.
In the course of the in a single day hours Thursday, Lee shattered the usual for what meteorologists name fast intensification — when a hurricane’s sustained winds enhance by 35 mph (56 kph) in 24 hours.
“This one elevated by 80 mph (129 kph),” Shepherd mentioned. “I can’t emphasize this sufficient. We used to have this metric of 35 mph, and right here’s a storm that did twice that quantity, and we’re seeing that occur extra ceaselessly,” mentioned Shepherd, who describes what occurred with Lee as hyperintensification.
With super-warm ocean temperatures and low wind shear, “all the celebs have been aligned for it to accentuate quickly,” mentioned Kerry Emanuel, professor emeritus of atmospheric science on the Massachusetts Institute of Expertise.
Class 5 standing, when sustained winds are a minimum of 157 mph (253 kph), is sort of uncommon. Solely about 4.5% of named storms within the Atlantic Ocean have grown to a Class 5 prior to now decade, mentioned Brian McNoldy, a scientist and hurricane researcher on the College of Miami.
Extra intense main hurricanes are also threatening communities farther inland, as a result of the monster storms can develop so highly effective that they continue to be harmful hurricanes for longer distances over land.
“I feel that’s a narrative that’s type of undertold,” Shepherd mentioned. “As these storms are robust coming to landfall, in some instances they’re transferring quick sufficient that they’re nonetheless hurricanes nicely inland.”
Hurricane Idalia was the most recent instance. It got here ashore within the Florida Panhandle final month and remained a hurricane because it entered south Georgia, the place it slammed into the town of Valdosta greater than 70 miles (116 kilometers) from the place it made landfall. No less than 80 houses within the Valdosta space have been destroyed and lots of of others broken.
In 2018, Hurricane Michael carved the same path of inland destruction, tearing up cotton crops and pecan bushes and leaving widespread harm throughout south Georgia.
Though it’s too early to understand how shut Lee would possibly come to the U.S. East Coast, New Englanders are conserving a cautious eye on the storm. Because it creeps nearer, it might convey excessive seas and rip currents up and down the Jap Seaboard.
“What we’re going to see from Lee — and we’re very assured — is it’s going to be a significant wave producer,” Mike Brennan, director of the Nationwide Hurricane Middle, mentioned in a Friday briefing.
On Saturday, giant swells battered the northeast Caribbean as Lee churned via open waters lots of of miles off the northern Leeward Islands.
“This morning, the very best vital wave peak we have been analyzing in Lee was between 45 and 50 toes, and the very best waves might even be double that,” Brennan mentioned, talking of swells far out at sea. “So we may very well be 80, 90-foot waves related to Lee.”


Living in the Midwest means hot summers, but could “corn sweat” be to blame for the high humidity?
It’s simple, it is extremely hot outside right now and humidity levels are on the rise. For those of you who live near corn crops, it’s only going to get worse due to “corn sweat”. Yes you heard me right, corn is going to make the summer heat that much hotter.
Plants need a certain amount of CO2 from the air to meet their daily energy needs. In order for plants to get CO2, their pores have to open long enough to suck up what they need. If the temperatures are hot, this means the plants lose water vapor while their pores are open. These vapors are then released into the atmosphere combining with hot temperatures creating what is called “Heat Dome”.
Since the Midwest is a huge corn producer, that means a lot of water vapors are being released during the summer months. The water vapors add to the level of humidity, which causes the dew point to rise. Our bodies sweat in order to cool off, but when dew points are high our bodies have a harder time releasing sweat. This means the temperature we feel starts to soar.
Here is a chart to show how the levels of humidity and temperature combined can make the air feel.
The question is how much do the vapors from corn add to the humidity levels. Studies have shown that corn vapors can cause dew points to rise 1 to 5 degrees depending on how hot the temperatures are. When the dew point rises, so does the heat index. We all know that corn is not to blame for the heat wave, but it will most likely add a extra-sweaty edge to your day.
So during the next few weeks it is really important to be aware of the humidity levels and temperatures in order to keep yourself from over-heating. Drink lots of water and stay out of the heat if at all possible.


Meredith Moore and Tyler Swanson of iSEE met with Alicia Freter of the ACES Study Abroad office on August 31st to discuss options for developing a carbon offset program for students studying abroad in the college of ACES.
You are here
Offset Emissions from Plane Trips (In Progress)
Recent Project Updates
The iCAP 2020 objective 3.5 is to "Reduce net air travel emissions from FY14 baseline: 50% by FY24 and 100% by FY30." The responsible campus unit for championing this objective is iSEE.
This objective is the revision of 2015 iCAP, chapter 4, objective 1, is "Reduce air travel emissions from a new FY14 baseline by 25% by FY20, 50% by FY25, and 100% by FY30 ." Air travel is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. In the FY08 baseline carbon emission calculation for campus, 7 percent of the emissions were due to directly-financed air travel. While some reduction in the air travel can be achieved through increased teleconferencing, the remainder will need to be offset. There are some airplane companies that offer a self-selected option for paying an additional fee to offset the carbon emissions from each trip. This is an option that campus should implement for all air-travel funded by the University. Otherwise, campus units can buy carbon offsets from forthcoming virtual storeroom to reduce their carbon emission.
According to the transportation emissions data, air travel has been the biggest greenhouse source of transportation emissions, and these are hard to decrease. The campus mission often relies upon in-person visits to other towns, states, and countries. The most time-efficient travel mode is often air travel, and it is difficult to imagine that Illinois faculty, staff, and students could eliminate air travel entirely. International conferences, research, and study abroad have important impacts on the campus missions of scholarship, teaching, and service, including in the area of sustainability. However, there are certainly some situations when a plane trip can be replaced with a train trip or a videoconference, without sacrificing the impact of efforts to support the University’s mission. To encourage staff in these situations to reduce air trips, iSEE created some instructions to help them create teleconference meetings.
Additionally, to encourage a reduction in air travel, the campus could implement a program to provide incentives for departments that reduce their annual air travel emissions. The program would include a method to track annual airline travel emission estimates per department, and an annual report of the per capita airline travel emission estimates and the total estimate for the campus. Additional information regarding the reason for travel and the source of funding could be collected though the Travel and Expense Management (TEM) system. The program would also educate the campus community on the alternatives to air travel, such as trains and videoconferencing. Additionally, campus could improve the infrastructure supporting online conferencing and other virtual meeting technology.
For the remaining GHG emissions associated with air travel, we can encourage units to pay to offset the emissions. The amount of offsets purchased could be increased over time so that air travel emissions would be reduced by 25% from the FY14 value in FY20, 50% in FY25, and 100% in FY30 .
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This introduces you to ozone science: why ozone is important for our everyday life, what is ozone assessment. We present then our O3as service, how it can be used for simple analysis and a more advanced one. In the advanced section we show the underlying software technologies we are using.
Role of ozone for our life
Ozone is a trace gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, that means that it only occurs in very small quantities on Earth. Trace gases are gases that are not nitrogen (78.1%), oxygen (20.9%) or argon (0.934%), i.e. they make up only about 0.066% of the atmosphere (not including water which makes up about 4%). If all the ozone were compressed to the pressure at the Earth’s surface (at 1013 hPa and 0°C) then the atmospheric content of ozone would make up a layer of 3 mm (which is equivalent to 300 Dobson Units (DU)). The highest content of ozone is found in the stratosphere at a height of about 25 to 30 km where the concentrations are about 10 parts per million parts of air (ppm), i.e. 0.001%.
The ozone present in the stratosphere at about 25 to 30 km is what makes up most ozone in the atmosphere. This ozone is important for life on planet Earth because it is responsible for removing most of the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. The longwave UV-A radiation (about 315–400 nm) is not absorbed, medium range UV-B radiation (about 280–315 nm) is mostly absorbed and the most dangerous shortwave UV-C radiation (about 100–280 nm) is totally absorbed by the ozone layer. A decrease in the ozone layer increases the amount of UV-B radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and the risk of skin cancer. Since UV radiation not only has an effect of the health of human beings it also has an effect on vegetation it is important to monitor stratospheric ozone.
Ozone hole and ozone assessment
With support of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), NASA, NOAA, and the European Commission periodic assessments of the state of ozone in the stratosphere are produced. Monitoring and the assessment of stratospheric ozone was started after the discovery of the ozone hole in the early eighties. Realizing that the decline of stratospheric ozone was due to harmful ozone destroying substances (ODSs) consisting of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) the Montreal protocol (1987) and successor protocols were established to gradually curb the production of ODSs. The first assessment of the state of ozone was published in 1985, since 1994 they appear quadrennially.


coldest temperature in iowa
Thermometer readings that low may be rare, but Iowa has a history of producing sub-zero temperatures year after year. Select a destination to see more weather parameters. Find historical weather by searching for a city, zip code, or airport code. Throughout the year, temperatures vary by 17.7 °C | 63.9 °F. The lowest temperature measured during that time was -33 degrees Fahrenheit (-36 … Monthly: 1981-2010 normals Extreme cold in Iowa harms plants, shuts down schools and endangers life. On February 3, 1996, Elkader, Iowa, fell to -43.9 degrees Celsius (-47 Fahrenheit). On August 20, 1950, u nseasonably cool weather sent the temperature plummeting down to 30°F at Britt and Sibley, Iowa. On February 3, 1996, Elkader, Iowa, fell to -43.9 degrees Celsius (-47 Fahrenheit). Illinois, Indiana and Ohio all have records in the 30-degree below zero range, while Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa have records that range from 45 to 55 degrees subzero. Iowa's 9th coldest winter on record at an end Statewide average temperature over the past 90 days has been 14.7 degrees, well below the 22.1-degree normal If you must travel, ensure that your vehicle has emergency supplies such as blankets and booster cables. Copyright 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Climate varies significantly in Iowa because of its latitude and location near the center of the country. People who work in extremely cold weather can experience frostbite and hypothermia. Iowa isn't the only Midwest state to experience frigid winter temperatures. The hot season lasts for 4.0 months, from May 19 to September 20, with an average daily high temperature above 74°F.The hottest day of the year is July 18, with an average high of 85°F and low of 66°F.. The temperatures are state-wide averages calculated from temperatures recorded during the months of December, January and February. Alexandria Iowa: 118 °F / 48 °C: July 20, 1934: Keokuk −47 °F / −44 °C: February 3, 1996 * Elkader: 165 °F Kansas: 121 °F / 49 °C: July 24, 1936 * Alton −40 °F / −40 °C: February 13, 1905: Lebanon: 161 °F Kentucky: 114 °F / 46 °C: July 28, 1930: Greensburg −37 °F / −38 °C: January 19, 1994: Shelbyville: 151 °F Louisiana: 114 °F / 46 °C: August 10, 1936: Plain Dealing It’s hypothermia when the body temperature dips too low. Temperatures plunged to minus-29.2 in Potomac, Montana, early Sunday — the coldest temperature ever observed this early in the season across the contiguous United States (the “Lower-48”). Include a date for which you would like to see weather history. One way to check your temperature is to use a digital thermometer. Westlake The Area of Iowa is roughly 8.37 km² (3.23 mi²) Iowa weather in December 2020. Monthly averages Des Moines Longitude: -93.6091, Latitude: 41.6005 Average weather Des Moines, IA - 50347. Snowfall is light compared with the amount received in other states to the north and east. This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. Put the tip under your tongue, towards the back of your mouth. The driest month is October, with 92 mm | 3.6 inch of rain. Latest soil temperature and moisture observations from the Iowa State University soil moisture network. The closest Airports of Iowa are: Lake Charles Regional Airport (LCH) 23.51km,Lafayette Regional Airport (LFT) 98.09km,Jack Brooks Regional Airport (BPT) 101.89km, You can reach Iowa from this Cities by Plane: Dallas (DFW), The population of Iowa is approximately 2996 Jennings While it only dropped to -18.9 Celsius (-2 Fahrenheit) in 2013, it reached a chilly -27.2 Celsius (-17 Fahrenheit) in 2010, -28.3 Celsius (-19 Fahrenheit) in 2009 and -24.4 Celsius (-12 Fahrenheit) in 2008. January of 1996 was extremely cold, with temperatures plunging to -29.4 Celsius (-21 Fahrenheit). October 2020 will rank in the top ten coldest Octobers on record, with record going back 148 years. According to the National Oceanic and Climatic Data Center, the winter of 2013 through 2014 was the coldest ever recorded in some parts of the region. The U.S. historical temperature database contains 14.5 million observations from Oct 1 to Oct 25, and Potomac’s reading on Sunday morning was the coldest! Hypothermia is a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35C (normal body temperature is around 37C). Coldest location ranked by lowest average annual temperature: Cresco, northern Iowa, 44.5 F; The summer of 1936 was the hottest summer on record for the United States. For instance, if the temperature is -17.8 Celsius (0 Fahrenheit) and the wind blows at 15 mph, it feels like -28.3 Celsius (-19 Fahrenheit) -- exposed skin can freeze in 30 minutes. July is the warmest month of the year. Sulphur The coldest May temperature on record for Waterloo is 22° set back on … https://www.infoplease.com/.../weather/record-lowest-temperatures-by-state Coldest: (tie) -47°F February 3, 1996, in Elkader & January 12, 1912 in Washta In extremely cold weather, especially with a high wind chill factor, you can quickly experience the onset of hypothermia. Abbeville, © Climate-Data.org / AM OP / OpenStreetMap contributors, Iowa Weather by month // weather averages. To use a digital thermometer: Clean the tip with cold water and soap, then rinse it. Polar Bears' Search for Ice: A Cause and Effect Investigation; Gillia M. Olson, Weather.com: NOAA - Winter 2013-2014 Among Coldest on Record in Midwest; Driest, Warmest in Southwest - Weather.com, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Cold Stress. Today this urban Texas cowboy continues to crank out high-quality software as well as non-technical articles covering a multitude of diverse topics ranging from gaming to current affairs. Temperature Humidity Pressure; High: 70 °F (Nov 19, 2:54 pm) 100% (Nov 24, 1:26 pm) 30.59 "Hg (Nov 24, 1:26 pm) Low: 25 °F (Nov 23, 5:54 am) 33% (Nov 16, 1:54 pm) 29.41 "Hg (Nov 14, 7:26 pm) Average: 41 °F: 72%: 30.11 "Hg * Reported Nov 14 11:34 am — Nov 29 11:54 am, Des Moines. July is the warmest month of the year. Rectal temperatures usually are up to a degree higher than mouth readings. A rare warming trend put January of 2006 at -9.4 Celsius (15 Fahrenheit). State Climatologist Just Glisan says, “ Southwest Iowa reported an average temperature of 47.8 degrees, which is 4.5 degrees below normal. Nederland Thermometer readings that low may be rare, but Iowa has a history of producing sub-zero temperatures year after year. Polar bears can survive that kind of frigid weather, but humans cannot without protection. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 10.0 °C | 50.0 °F. Kinder You can buy these from supermarkets and pharmacies. Lake Charles The streak of six straight 70-degree days in November was a first in Iowa, according to the weather service. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 10.0 °C | 50.0 °F. Crowley Although severe temperature drops occur, the state isn't always frigid -- the average temperature ranges from 7.2 degrees Celsius (45 Fahrenheit) in the extreme north to 11.1 degrees Celsius (52 Fahrenheit) in the southeastern corner. Iowa - Iowa - Climate: Iowa has a four-season climate, reflecting the state’s position deep in the interior of the continent. Coldest temperature for Iowa -47 degrees Fahrenheit Washta, Iowa January 12, 1912 Source: NOAA Website Iowa Weather by month // weather averages Iowa. Niche compiled a list of the top 50 coldest cities in the contiguous United States—those boasting the coldest average low temperatures during the winter months. Waterloo: This is the coldest temperature ever recorded for May 9 through May 31st. On July 13, 1936, the average high temperature for all Iowa reporting stations combined was 113 F. Des Moines tied its warmest day ever with an average temperature of 95 F. Iowa is also relatively flat with elevation changing minimally -- it only varies from 480 feet to 1,679 feet. Most of the precipitation here falls in July, averaging 156 mm | 6.1 inch. Vinton On 15 January 1885 H. Wild reported that a temperature of −68 °C (−90 °F; 205 K) was noted in Verkhoyansk. The temperature in July averages 27.7 °C | 81.9 °F. When the wind blows in cold weather, you feel colder than the actual temperature because the air blows away heat from your skin faster. Similar trends go back to the earliest date Weather Warehouse lists: January of 1949, when the temperature fell to -25 Celsius (-13 Fahrenheit). A later measurement at the same place in February … Average winter temperatures range from a high of 67.4 degrees Fahrenheit (19.7 degrees Celsius) in Hawaii to a low of 2.6 °F (-16.3 °C) in Alaska. Temperatures can also reach 30.6 degrees Celsius (87 Fahrenheit) in the southwest. Cover extremities and verify that your home heating system is working. Port Arthur And yet, on Jan. 7, 1971, … Get the latest coronavirus (COVID-19) updates for the USA with current travel advice, statistics and online resources.. Below are average maximum temperatures at popular destinations in Iowa in December.
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Tucson Sunset last night
Monsoons are not here in Tucson yet, but the clouds are starting to become interesting.
Follow the Tucson Dew Point Tracker at NOAA. We need three days in a row of dew points at 55 deg or above. That used to be the Official Monsoon Season (dew points), but has since changed to June 15th.
Posted on June 26, 2010, in arizona, nature, phoenix, scottsdale, sedona, tempe, tucson, weather and tagged arizona, arizona monsoon, arizona weather, dew point, flagstaff, Green Valley, monsoon, monsoon season, phoenix, santa cruz valley, scottsdale, sedona, southern arizona, tucson, weather. Bookmark the permalink. 2 Comments.


Last Modified: 20051104.16:30 by RTSmith
|Index of Secondary Text Terms||Figure 3.1: Network Map of Wind-related Concepts||
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[ Started 11/2/2005. ]
A wind sock is a weather instrument used to determine wind direction and to estimate wind speed. A wind sock may alternatively be referred to as an air sleeve, an air sock, a wind cone, or a wind sleeve. Wind socks are often associated with and can be found at airports. But they can also be seen in a wide variety of other locations. According to www.roctan.com/WindSocks.htm, the color of an airstrip's wind sock provides information (in Canada at least) to aircraft pilots. A two-colored wind sock is typically used at licensed runways and solid orange wind socks are usually displayed at unlicensed runways. You can make your own wind sock -- see the links near the bottom of this page for instructions for building a variety of wind socks.
While some sources credit the Japanese with the invention of wind socks, Brian Cosgrove (on page 43 of the 1991/2000 DK Eyewitness book Weather, ISBN: 0-7894-5782-2) writes that the Chinese flew kites in the wind at least as far back as 500 B.C. They made kites in a variety of shapes and sizes, including some that were shaped like socks (albeit with a hole at the toe end). These were probably the earliest version of a wind sock.
From an educational perspective, a wind sock is one of the three "tools" with which elementary school students need to become familiar for the purpose of describing weather according to elementary science benchmark V.3.e.1 of the Michigan Curriculum Framework (2000). The other two tools are a thermometer and a rain gauge.
[ Click here to see the complete text of the V.3.e.1 elementary science benchmark. ]
Wind socks can be found in a variety of colors, sizes, shapes, and locations. These links provide a small collection of images of various wind socks:
- A patriotic wind sock
- A Canadian wind sock
- A red wind sock on a calm day
- A red wind sock on a breezy day
- A wind sock with streamers on a windy day
- The front of a red and white wind sock
- The tail end of a wind sock
- A red and white wind sock
- Some students in Ms. Lambert's kindergarten class at Bingham Elementary School in Lansing, Michigan, observing a wind sock atop Sparrow Hospital
- A person holding a wind sock
- An orange wind sock with a hang glider in the background
- Several large colorful wind socks
- Many colorful wind socks
- A wind sock in Antarctica
- The Las Vegas Valley Soaring Association annually replaces the wind sock on a ridge east of Jean
- A wind sock on a dock by a lake
- A wind sock and an airplane on a calm day
- "Ultralights Wind Sock" on a windy day
- The "Wyoming Wind Sock"
Here are some more links to web pages dealing with wind socks:
Pathfinder wind socks on Mars as described at NASA's "Mars Exploration Program" web site; additional information can be found here as part of the California Space Institute web site; click here to read about Dr. Robert Sullivan's work on the Mars Pathfinder wind socks as reported in TES News (February 1995)
"Wind sock" as defined by Wikipedia
Some links with instructions for building your own wind sock:
|Return to the top of this page||Index of Secondary Text Terms||Network Map of Wind-related Concepts|
This page was created by R. Timothy Smith, when he was an overworked, underpaid Academic Specialist with the Department of Teacher Education in the College of Education at Michigan State University (1993-2001).


The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a Winter Storm Watch for the District of Columbia, which is in effect from 7:00 AM Saturday, February 13th, until 7:00 AM Sunday, February 14th. WHAT-Heavy icing possible. Total snow accumulations of up to one inch and ice accumulations of one quarter of an inch possible.
WHERE-The District of Columbia, portions of central and southern Maryland and northern Virginia.
WHEN-From Saturday morning through Sunday morning.
IMPACTS-power outages and tree damage are possible due to the ice. Travel could be nearly impossible. Precautionary/Preparedness Actions:Monitor the latest forecasts for updates on this situation.


Although the State of Kansas offers diverse surroundings, it is often mentioned for the level surroundings and available prairie places in many aspects of the state. This topography provides perfect conditions for wind facilities in addition to capacity to harness wind energy for energy usage. Wind farms need to be based in areas with constant wind speeds averaging 10 miles per hour (kilometers per hour) or higher to be successful. Based on the American Wind Energy Association, Kansas places 12th one of many says for wind capacity.
What exactly are Wind Facilities?
Wind farms consist of a group of wind turbines positioned together that collect energy from the wind whilst blows. This energy is transformed into electrical energy and can offer residents and organizations with a “green” type of power to offer their needs. Green energy is the preferred way of providing power, since it will not keep a “carbon footprint” with its wake. Green energy is mentioned as via “clean” or “alternative” power resources. A carbon footprint refers to the number of carbon dioxide that’s circulated to the atmosphere from utilizing traditional sources of energy, including coal, petroleum, and gas. They’re also referred to as fossil fuels and their emissions into the environment are known as carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide are detrimental towards the Earth’s environment; that is the reason it is advisable to prevent using them whenever you can.


August Aurora 2014
There's nothing like the brief glimpse of an Aurora over Tasmania to get every kid and their dog with a camera out of the house.
Aurora - June 2013
The southern lights been putting on a real show this year.
Aurora - Southern Lights
Hobart get's to see the aurora a few nights every year and May 1st 2013 was one of them
Aurora Australis over Tasmania
The last night of April delivered a spectacular aurora for those willing to brave the cold.
Aurora Chasing with with Francois Fourie
Francois Fourie takes ABC Open out into the night to capture the Aurora Australis
Sometimes it takes a bit more than luck to see an Aurora in Tasmania
Aurora May 20th 2013
Discover Aurora photos from May 20th from around Tasmania by a great bunch of our local Tasmanian Photographers.
Aurora over Tasmania
May has been a great month for photographers chasing the southern lights.
Kev Morse captures a stunning pink and purple aurora over Tasmania in December.
Tasmania got treated to it's first Aurora of 2015 and it turned out to be massive. Photographers all over the state grabbed some amazing shots.
June 30th Aurora over Tasmania
The southern lights put on a spectacular show for the end of the financial year
March Aurora Australis
A lucky few of our local Tasmanian photographers braved the cold and cloudy conditions to grab some awesome Aurora imagery this week.
November Aurora over Cradle Mountain
Cradle Mountain makes an amazing backdrop for the Aurora Australis
October Aurora Australis
James Stone delivers another stunning Aurora time lapse.
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A Data System for Visualizing 4-D Atmospheric CO2 Models and Data
This paper describes a geospatial data system that produces KML representations of complex spatio-temporal datasets related to modeling the atmospheric carbon cycle. KML is an open standard language for transferring annotated geospatial data that can be used by many modern geospatial software packages, particularly virtual globe applications. The server component of the data system is built using a variety of open source software packages, which provide flexibility for creating custom geospatial representations of the datasets. The paper shows examples of how KML representations of atmospheric CO2 datasets and model outputs can be visualized with virtual globe client applications, allowing a diverse group of users to explore the complex scientific datasets that are central to the discussion of climate change and global warming.
programming; KML; Python


The climate of the Greater New Orleans region can best be described as humid and subtropical. Though rainfall can occur throughout the year, the area is largely shielded from extreme weather conditions by surrounding waterways.
January through March of each year is characterized by mild winter conditions that gradually warm into comfortable spring temperatures. Snowfall is extremely rare (last occurring in December 2008), though nighttime freezing can be normal in the beginning of each year.
It’s no coincidence that springtime in Greater New Orleans tends to be filled with the most outdoor activities and events each year. The pleasant temperatures each day, followed by very comfortable evenings, provide an ideal atmosphere for long hours enjoying the cultural riches of the region.
The summer months bring the most rainfall each year, averaging over 6 inches each month (bringing precipitation on more than 10 days per month), and highs in the low- to mid-90s. Most notably, hurricane season begins June 1, ending November 30.
Historically, October is the driest month, yielding an average of only 4 inches annually. Through the remainder of each year, average temperatures begin to drop to cool, sometimes cold, levels. Due to these comfortable temperatures, residents enjoy many annual festivals, sporting events, and other outdoor activities in the late months of the year.
|Average High||Average Low||Rainfall (Inches)||% Sunshine|
Source: Weaver Official Publications, 2003


Dioxide in much higher concentration than the atmosphere carbon dioxide can be recovered from flue gases, using: liquid phases the utilisation of carbon dioxide as reagent in the chemical industry can take place through the a) mation of the entire molecule requires a complex analysis based on the criteria listed bel0w5. Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals carbon dioxide is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend on living and decaying plants for food, either directly or indirectly. Least buy us time to transition to carbon-free vehicles,” snatching carbon dioxide from the atmosphere new air capture method could reduce the harmful effects of carbon dioxide analysis tools for addressing problems which involve high, and often irreducible levels of uncertainty. Natural and anthropogenic carbon in the atmosphere and oceans on climate change: study on the analysis of spatial patterns and time series observation with reference to carbon flux in indian ocean.
In the atmosphere, carbon exists primarily in the form of carbon dioxide (co 2) and methane gas (ch 4)in the global carbon cycle, the atmosphere serves as a grand central station, with carbon dioxide moving into and out of the atmosphere through multiple natural exchange points such as plants, animals, soils, sediments and oceans. 6, and the chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs)], carbon dioxide is unique in the middle atmosphere, because of its high abun- dance [ 370 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in the strato. The global carbon dioxide market size is expected to reach usd 86 billion by 2025, according to a new report by grand view research, inc increasing applications of enhanced oil recovery (eor) technology, owing to rising crude oil demand and number of mature wells is anticipated to fuel the market.
180 years of atmospheric co2 gas analysis by chemical methods - free download as pdf file (pdf), text file (txt) or read online for free proof of co2 fabrication. Co2earth connects the general public with the latest data and information for stabilizing earth's atmosphere, climate and living environments. Carbon dioxide is a potent stimulator of respiration respiration depth and rate is mainly controlled through co 2 blood levels generalized signs of respiratory involvement are displayed by shortness of breath, dyspnea, respiratory acidosis, and a rapid increase in respiratory rate.
As the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (co2) is the most prominent greenhouse gas in earth's atmosphere and plays a key role in earth's climate it’s resulting more than 50. Carbon dioxide extraction from air: is it an option technical report la-ur-99–583 ce is developing methods to integrate the dac and fuel synthesis, but for simplicity of analysis, here we show capturing carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere world resour rev 2004 16: 157-172. Carbon dioxide (co2) is an important trace gas in earth's atmosphere it is an integral part of the carbon cycle, a biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the earth's oceans, soil, rocks and the biosphere plants and other photoautotrophs use solar energy to produce carbohydrate from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water by. Dioxide (co2) is the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas, represents an important component of climate change, and occurs naturally through the terrestrial biosphere and the ocean.
The thermal decomposition of basic copper carbonate, cuco 3 cu(oh) 2 h 2 o, was studied by high-pressure dta under high-pressure carbon dioxide (0–50 atm) the dta-tg measurement in air showed that the peak temperature was influenced more by heating rate than by sample weight. The most well-known factor in this phenomenon is the redundancy of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the past 50 years the amount of residual co 2 in the atmosphere has risen from 40% to 45% reducing co 2 redundancy requires precise knowledge of the gas sources and sinks throughout the atmosphere. Of the uncertainty of both physical knowledge and of statistical analysis, it is concluded that the question of a trend in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is actually little more than a trace [ls, 231 that dissolved atmospheric carbon dioxide at that time, and the same.
Analysis of flue gases the object of a flue gas analysis is the determination of the completeness of the combustion of the carbon in the fuel, and the amount and distribution of the heat losses due to. Carbon dioxide is one of many molecules where carbon is commonly found on the earth it does not burn, and in standard temperature and pressure conditions it is stable, inert, and non-toxic carbon dioxide occurs naturally in small amounts (about 004 percent) in the earth's atmosphere.
Total carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere is estimated to be 241 x 10•sg in the equatorial region, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide appears to be higher in the surface water than in the. The carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels can theoretically be controlled by growing trees quantitative estimates are made of the size and cost of a plant-growing program designed to halt the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas of most concern due to its abundance in the atmosphere (~ 360 ppm) and anthropogenic sources variations in atmospheric o 2 are controlled largely by fluxes of carbon (eg, photosynthesis and respiration co 2 + h 2 o = ch 2 o + o 2 . Plain language summary carbon dioxide in the atmosphere plays a significant role in regulating earth's climate there are many processes, which over geologic timescales add to or sequester co 2 from the atmosphere, and in turn alter earth's climate.