Cyclone tracy was a tropical cyclone that devastated the city of darwin, australia, from december 24 to december 25, 1974. Forty years ago, territorians had to pitch in together on christmas morning after raging cyclone tracy flattened 70 per cent of darwin. I loved tracey, but she became mafs star sean thomsen breaks his silence on tracey jewel: i'm finally free of cyclone tracey why the mafs spin-off pair split. The northern australian city of darwin was devastated early on christmas morning 1974 when hit by the tropical weather depression that was given the name cyclone tracy as the eye of the cyclone passed over the city between midnight and 7am on christmas morning, torrential rain fell and the winds.
What cyclone tracy sounded like from the sound booth at the darwin museum. The shocking extent of cyclone tracy’s destruction of darwin is first shown in this scene, introduced through the eyes of the main characters. 2 cyclone tracy 30-year retrospective housing construction standards were assumed to have been cyclone resistant at the time of tracy.
Cyclone tracy has 82 ratings and 8 reviews lottie said: cyclone tracy: the diary of ryan turner, is a book about cyclone tracy, which devasted darwin, a. For the 2014 40th anniversary of cyclone tracey 150 images were scanned and published on the nt pm facebook page they will in due course be added to this page and a google+ album. Cyclone tracy was a tropical cyclone that from christmas eve to christmas day , 1974, devastated the city of darwin, northern territory , australia it is the most compact cyclone or equivalent-strength hurricane on record in the australian basin, with gale-force winds extending only 48 kilometres (30 mi) from the centre and was the most. On christmas eve 1974, the people of darwin were warned about a storm cell that was heading their way in true territorian style, they shrugged their shoulders.
Cyclone tracy was a tropical cyclone that destroyed the city of darwin, northern territory, australia, from christmas eve to christmas day, 1974. Photographs from cyclone tracy – a category 5 cyclone (typhoon in asia, hurricane in us) that destroyed about 70% of darwin, the capital of the northern territory, australia, on christmas day 1974. Adaptation lessons from cyclone tracy iii preface the national climate change research facility (nccarf) is undertaking a program of synthesis and integrative research to synthesise existing and emerging national and.
After the cyclone i found out a lot more about the effects of cyclone tracy i wanted to find out who had helped us, what the effects were and what economically happened because of cyclone tracy. One hell of a storm the story of cyclone tracy was written by jeff williams by mid afternoon on christmas eve 1974, workplace staff parties were all. Cyclone tracy in 1974 was one of australia’s worst natural disasters and led to its greatest peacetime evacuation and reconstruction effort. Commonwealth government records about the northern territory | chapter 6: cyclone tracy, 1974 | the origin of cyclone tracy. Definitions of cyclone tracy, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of cyclone tracy, analogical dictionary of cyclone tracy (english.
Cyclone tracy was a disaster on a scale unparalleled in australian history it caused millions of dollars in damage and destroyed most of darwin (chamberlain, doube, milne, rolls & western 1981, 97) it also exposed inadequacies in commonwealth responses to disasters of its magnitude (robertson 1999. On christmas day, 1974, the eye of cyclone tracy ripped through darwin, leaving the city in ruins over 100 people were killed, 20 000 were left homeless, and 80 percent of the city’s buildings were destroyed it was the worst natural disaster in australian history this highly acclaimed, three. Booktopia has cyclone tracy, my australian story by alan tucker buy a discounted paperback of cyclone tracy online from australia's leading online bookstore.
© 2014 brindle films pty ltd, nirvana films pty ltd, screen australia and the australian broadcasting corporation all rights reserved. Curator’s notes even though there have been many tropical cyclones in australia since tracy, she stills looms large in our collective psyche. Cyclone tracy was the second cyclone predicted to hit darwin, australia in december 1974 (cyclone selma was the first but never reached the city) the dissipation of cyclone selma prior to landfall caused many residents to disregard warnings about tracy. Cyclone tracy was a devastating cyclone that struck darwin on christmas morning 1974 cyclone tracy is known as one of australia’s worst cyclone because it occurred on christmas day.Download cyclone tracey`


Holyoke Public Schools is taking precautions for students and staff who may be sensitive to poor air quality in the region as a result of wildfires in Canada and elsewhere in the country. That poor air quality is expected to persist at least through tomorrow.
Among those precautions are inside recess periods or shortened outside recess for students to reduce their exposure. School staff are also monitoring students, especially those with known respiratory conditions, and are referring these individuals to the school’s nurse as necessary.
Health officials recommend reducing time outside for any individual who feels symptoms such as throat irritation or difficult breathing, she said.
“About one-fourth of our students have been diagnosed with asthma,” said HPS Director of Health, Wellness, and Nursing Cynthia Carbone. “They would be among those who could be affected by the particulates—especially fine particulates—that are in the air because of the wildfires.”
Air quality in Holyoke has improved since yesterday, with ozone and nitrogen oxide levels reported a return to excellent as of this morning, Wednesday, June 7. Worse air quality was reported to the west of Holyoke, with Springfield showing unhealthy air-quality levels as of this morning.
For a detailed air-quality fire and smoke map in real time, please refer to this link, where you can zoom in to see specific areas or zoom out to see the full United States and Canada, or more.
The Airnow.gov website provided the following guidance:
People with heart or lung disease, older adults, children and teens – take any of these steps to reduce your exposure:
Avoid strenuous outdoor activities.
Keep outdoor activities short.
Consider moving physical activities indoors or rescheduling them.
Everyone else – take any of these steps to reduce your exposure:
Choose less strenuous activities (like walking instead of running) so you don’t breathe as hard.
Shorten the amount of time you are active outdoors.
Be active outdoors when air quality is better.
Some additional guidance to consider from Yale School of Public Health Professor Krystal Pollitt:
- Consider wearing a well-fitted N95 mask;
- Keep windows and doors close when possible, and use fans and AC to stay cool to limit outdoor air from coming inside; and
- Run a portable air cleaner to improve indoor air quality.


Alum | Atmospheric Sciences & Applied Mathematics
I study how how changes in the land surface influence the atmosphere, on both local and global scales. I have developed an idealized land surface model which can be coupled into the Community Earth System Model (CESM); this model allows us to run very controlled perturbation experiments, to test the sensitivity of the atmosphere to changes in the land surface. My research is motivated by the questions "Where is the atmosphere most sensitive to changes in the land surface, and how sensitive is it to a given change? What land surface parameters (e.g. albedo, or roughness) have the largest influence on the atmosphere in different locations?" I was a graduate student in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, where I worked with Professor Abigail Swann in the EcoClimate Lab.


You know that XML really is taking over the mundane, everyday world when it turns out that the National Weather Service starts distributing weather and climate information, forecasts, and even alerts and warnings using XML for public delivery. As a consequence of publishing its final version of a document entitled "Policy on Partnerships in the Provision of Environmental Information" on December 1, 2004 the National Weather Service (an arm of NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration) and conforming to the US Government's OMB Circular A-130 "Management of Federal Information Resources," all future such information will use XML markup as part for its delivery format.
In the past, the NOAA had used poorly-documented and poorly-understood "community-unique data formats" to distribute such information. This made it difficult for those not already familiar with or well-versed in these formats to build code to process them and use the data in meaningful ways. The switch to XML will make it much easier for just about anybody to grab and use NOAA weather data, be it for running text bars at the bottom of a TV screen or for text-to-speech translation for radio broadcasts.
The National Weather Service now offers forecast data that conforms to the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) Extensible Markup Language, itself based on XML. This markup permits other computers to access XML-based forecast data directly from the Internet, using SOAP (itself another XML application) to transport the data.
The NDFD markup language is formally called the Digital Weather Markup Language (DWML) and is defined in a formal XML Schema. The specification includes a copy of that schema, along with a detailed description of DWML's syntax and semantics. For those seeking ways to integrate weather forecasts into applications and systems, here's a new, standards-based ticket to success.
Ed Tittel is a regular contributor to numerous TechTarget.com Web sites, and real markup junkie with a taste for interesting XML applications. He's also written several books on XML.


The National Weather Service in Norman has issued a * Flash Flood Warning for... Northwestern Bryan County in southeastern Oklahoma... * Until 530 PM CDT. * At 235 PM CDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing heavy rain across the warned area. Up to three inches of rain have already fallen. Flash flooding is occurring or is imminent. * Some locations that will experience flooding include... Durant, Colbert, Armstrong, Cartwright, eastern Lake Texoma and Calera. Additional rainfall amounts of two to three inches are possible in the warned area.
Current Condition: Rain
Wind Speeds: 7.19mph
Chance of Precipitation: 1%
Temperature: 87/71 Humid and partly cloudy throughout the day. Sunday:
Temperature: 88/70 Humid and partly cloudy throughout the day. Monday:
Temperature: 87/71 Humid and partly cloudy throughout the day. Tuesday:
Temperature: 81/72 Rain in the morning. Wednesday:
Temperature: 89/70 Humid throughout the day.
Kansas Demo Site
2912 Enterprise Blvd suite B Somewhere, Kansas 74701


As well as temperature and air purity, another major factor in the maintenance of a healthy room atmo-sphere is the moisture content of the air. During winter months when rooms are heated, indoor air can dry out, sucking moisture from our skin, hair, mucous membranes in the throat and nose, furniture, plants, animals and anything else in the room.
Opening the windows will not help to avoid dry room air. Instead, it is necessary to actively add the correct amount of moisture to the air with a humidifier. Medical experts recommend a healthy relative air humidity of between 40-60 per cent for the home. At this level, the moisture content of the air will be equilibrium at the temperature of the typical indoor environment.
Effects of dry air in the home
Discomfort, tiredness, sickness_Breathing in dry air makes the uptake of oxygen and its subsequent transfer to the blood system more difficult. Fatigue, lethargy and reduced concentration levels are symptoms of a reduced oxygen supply.
Increased susceptibility to colds_The self-cleansing function of the windpipe is affected by dry air. The consequences : increased susceptibility to infections and respiratory tract complaints.
Dry skin_Low relative humidity results in greater loss of moisture from the skin's outer layers. It becomes dry, rough and flaky, and has a tendency to become inflamed.
Increased levels of dust_Humidity binds dust. Dry room air causes dust to rise. This is made worse by the thermal currents created by the radiators.
Damage to hair_Hair can easily dry out when heating systems are turned on making it more susceptible to damage like split-ends, less manageable and generally duller and less attractive.
Increased static electricity_A level of humidity below 40% will increase static build-up leading to uncomfortable sparks when touching metal objects.
Damage to wooden objects_Furniture and other wooden objects have a dull surface in dry room air.They dry out and eventually cracks will appear.
Out of tune musical instruments_Low moisture content in room air will cause musical instruments to go out of tune.
Discomfort to pets_Pets will suffer in the same way as humans, with dry skin an increased susceptibility to infection. This will be worse in animals that are originally from a humid environment, like parrots, and they can become very ill in a dry environment.


The most comprehensive, award winning aviation weather book in the industry. Covers in detail the latest METAR/TAF and graphic weather products from AC00-45E, Aviation Weather Services. International weather and accident/incident information is included to add relevance to the weather data. Expanded coverage of icing, weather hazards and flight planning. Review questions with answers at the end of each chapter.
|Format Type||:||eBook PDF / e-Pub|
|Category||:||Transportation, Books, Nonfiction|


After two consecutive monsoon seasons of deficient rainfall, the Economic Survey believes there is a chance that the 2016 season might turn out to be good for Indian agriculture.
The El Nino effect, associated with drought is usually followed by the opposite La Nina effect. The 2015 El Nino was the strongest since 1997.
‘The possibility of this being repeated in 2016 after the second strongest El Nino on record cannot be ruled out.’ The Survey says average agricultural growth in eight La Nina years was 8.4 percent* compared to three percent average growth for the period 1981-82 to 2015-16.
El Nino effect is the abnormal warming of the waters of the Pacific near Ecuador and Peru.
Rainfall between last June and last September was 14 percent less than the long period average at a national level. In Bihar there was a deficiency of 28 percent. In Marathwada, it was minus 40 percent. There was drought also in Bundelkhand. Several districts of Uttar Pradesh were declared drought-affected.
La Nina is the abnormal cooling of sea surface waters along the tropical west coast of South America. It causes normal-to-excess monsoons in India ─ the result of atmospheric convection activity shifting to the north of Australia.
Since 1950 there have been 14 La Ninas and 22 El Ninos. Nine La Ninas have followed the 21 El Ninos prior to the one in 2015, according to the Economic Survey.
The 2015 El Nino was quite intense. It had an Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) value of 2.3 degrees Celsius for November 2015-January 2016. ONI compares east-central Pacific Ocean surface temperatures to their long-term average and is used by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to identify El Nino events.
The 2015 El Nino, the Survey says, lasted roughly from April 1997 to Jun 1998. The strongest El Nino years were 1997-98, 1972-73, 2009-10, 1986-87 and 1987-88, ranked in order of strength. The last four produced droughts in India. Average agricultural growth in El Nino years between 1981-82 and 2015-16, according to the Survey, was (-) 2.1 percent compared to the period average of 3 percent. The El Nino years mentioned above were followed by La Nina resulting in bumper harvests.
*1982-83, 1986-87, 1987-88, 1991-92, 1997-98, 2002-03, 2009-10 ad 2015-16.
(Top photo: Economic Survey team, with Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and Chief Economic Adviser Arvind Subramanian. Courtesy: Press Information Bureau)


A big advance in carbon capture technology could provide an efficient and inexpensive way for natural gas power plants to remove carbon dioxide from their flue emissions, a necessary step in reducing greenhouse gas emissions to slow global warming and climate change.
Developed by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and ExxonMobil, the new technique uses a highly porous material called a metal-organic framework, or MOF, modified with nitrogen-containing amine molecules to capture the CO2 and low temperature steam to flush out the CO2 for other uses or to sequester it underground.
In experiments, the technique showed a six times greater capacity for removing CO2 from flue gas than current amine-based technology, and it was highly selective, capturing more than 90% of the CO2 emitted. The process uses low temperature steam to regenerate the MOF for repeated use, meaning less energy is required for carbon capture.
“For CO2 capture, steam stripping — where you use direct contact with steam to take off the CO2 — has been a sort of holy grail for the field. It is rightly seen as the cheapest way to do it,” said senior researcher Jeffrey Long, UC Berkeley professor of chemistry and of chemical and biomolecular engineering and senior faculty scientist at Berkeley Lab. “These materials, at least from the experiments we have done so far, look very promising.”
Because there’s little market for most captured CO2, power plants would likely pump most of it back into the ground, or sequester it, where it would ideally turn into rock. The cost of scrubbing the emissions would have to be facilitated by government policies, such as carbon trading or a carbon tax, to incentivize CO2 capture and sequestration, something many countries have already implemented.
The work was funded by ExxonMobil, which is working with both the Berkeley group and Long’s start-up, Mosaic Materials Inc., to develop, scale up and test processes for stripping CO2 from emissions.
Long is the senior author of a paper describing the new technique that will appear in the July 24 issue of the journal Science.
“We were able to take the initial discovery and, through research and testing, derive a material that in lab experiments has shown the potential to not only capture CO2 under the extreme conditions present in flue gas emissions from natural gas power plants, but to do so with no loss in selectivity,” said co-author Simon Weston, senior research associate and the project lead at ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co. “We have shown that these new materials can then be regenerated with low-grade steam for repeated use, providing a pathway for a viable solution for carbon capture at scale.”
To read the full article, click here.


A weather warning remains in place for snow across parts of the country - with wintry showers possible across the region this morning (Thursday, January 14).
An amber warning for snow was issued by Met Office forecasters for parts of Scotland and the north east of England, from 3pm on Wednesday (January 13) through to 10am the following morning.
A yellow 'national severe' weather warning was also issued for snow and ice across England and Scotland.
Locally, the morning rain is expected to become wintry at low levels and change to snow at high levels.
Snow is said to be likely at high levels but still possible at low levels.
link source - Nottingham Post


Meteor | Meteoroid
Meteor, meteorite, and meteoroid are all the same but we call it by different names, depends on where it is found.
All these are related to flashes of light called shooting stars.
A meteoroid is a small particle from a comet or asteroid orbiting the Sun.
Meteor is the light phenomenon that occurs when a Meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and vaporizes.
A meteorite is a meteoroid that survives its passage through Earth’s atmosphere and lands upon Earth’s surface.
Basically, Meteor known as a shooting star or falling star is visible passage glowing of meteoroid or comet or asteroid from Earth’s atmosphere. Millions of meteors occur on Earth’s atmosphere daily. Most of the meteoroids are of a size of a grain of sand that means they are of millimeter-sized or smaller. Meteors may occur in showers, which happens when Earth passes through a stream of debris left by a comet. Meteors become visible between about 75 to 120 km (250,000 to 390,000 ft) above Earth. When Earth encounters many meteoroids at the same time, we call it a meteor shower. The atmospheric velocities of meteors result from the movement of Earth around the Sun at about 30 km/s (67,000 mph), the orbital speeds of meteoroids, and the gravity well of Earth.
When the meteor shower takes place, the glowing streak may appear anywhere in the sky, but their tails all seem to point at the same spot in the sky. This is because all meteors are coming at the same angle and as they start getting closer to Earth the effect of perspective makes them seem to get farther apart.
Meteors have 50 % of the chances of being observed in daylight. They can usually observe at night when darkness allowed fainter objects to be visible. Most of the meteors glow for a second. Meteors have been known since ancient times, but they were not known to be an astronomical phenomenon until early in the nineteenth century.
The meteor shower is named for the constellation where the meteors appear to be coming from.


A single approach to air quality management in urban areas within the TRITIA region
Currently, air quality improvements in areas severely affected by air pollution are managed on the local level, without taking into account the main causes of pollution and without a coordinated approach to the necessary measures. However, air pollution does not respect regional or international borders, and in order to adequately address the problem it is essential to develop interregional and international cooperation. The purpose of the Tritia project is to create a mechanism for international air quality management by developing a shared database, shared management and forecasting tools, and joint air quality strategies.
The main outputs of the project are:
- A spatial database containing air quality information (meteorological and emissions data) from the Czech-Polish-Slovak border area;
- A mathematical model for forecasting air quality (probability of smog situations etc.);
- Air quality management tools, primarily an air quality management system and a forecast-based warning system;
- Proposed strategies for achieving air quality improvements and reducing emissions from various sources at the level of functional urban regions within the TRITIA region.
Partner cities in the Tritia project are Ostrava, Opava, Žilina, Opole and Rybnik, and partner regions are the Moravian-Silesian Region, the Žilina Region, the Opole Voivodeship and the Silesian Voivodeship. The main benefit of the project is the application of a collaborative approach to air quality management when designing an optimum combination of measures maximizing the positive impacts on human health in the affected regions. The air quality model – developed by a supercomputer – will be verified via various measurements conducted by research institutions involved in the project – the VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava (CZ), ACCENDO (CZ), the University of Žilina (SK), the Central Mining Institute (PL), and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (PL).
The proposed methods and outputs will also be applicable anywhere in Central Europe facing the same issues.
Funding: The project is funded via the Interreg Central Europe programme by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
Project duration: June 2017 – May 2020


- About Fluxnet
The eddy covariance method is used to assess trace gas fluxes between the biosphere and atmosphere at each site within the FLUXNET community. Vertical flux densities of CO2 (Fc), latent (LE) and sensible heat (H) between vegetation and the atmosphere are proportional to the mean covariance between vertical velocity (w') and the respective scalar (c') fluctuations (e.g., CO2, water vapor, and temperature). By convention, positive flux densities represent mass and energy transfer into the atmosphere and away from the surface and negative values denote the reverse; ecologist use an opposite sign convention where the uptake of carbon by the biosphere is positive. Turbulent fluctuations are computed as the difference between instantaneous and mean scalar quantities.
Figure 1. Mass balance for CO2 in a forest. The time-average eddy flux is assumed equal to the time- and-space-average across the upper surface of the control volume. The time-average change in storage term measured on a single tower is assumed to equal that of the whole control volume. In this figure, cc molar density of carbon, cd molar density of dry air, Chic is the molar mixing ratio of (cc/cd), L length of control volume, and hr reference height. Neglecting advection during day time is less of a problem than at night, when turbulent mixing is reduced.
The presentation by Ray Leuning provides an excellent introduction to the eddy covariance technique.
Our community is interested in assessing the net uptake of carbon dioxide by the biosphere, not the flux across some arbitrary horizontal plane. When the thermal stratification of the atmosphere is stable and turbulent mixing is weak, material diffusing from leaves and the soil may not reach the reference height zr in a time that is small compared to the averaging time T, thereby violating the assumption of steady state conditions and a constant flux layer. Under such conditions the storage term becomes non-zero, so it must be added to the eddy covariance measurement to represent the balance of material flowing into and out of the soil and vegetation. With respect to CO2, the storage term is small over short crops and is an important quantity over taller forests. The storage term value is greatest around sunrise and sunset when there is a transition between respiration and photosynthesis and between the stable nocturnal boundary layer and daytime convective turbulence. Summed over 24 hours, the storage term is assumed to be zero.
Typical instrumentation at FLUXNET field sites includes a three-dimensional sonic anemometer, to measure wind velocities and virtual temperature, and a fast responding sensor to measure CO2 and water vapor. Scalar concentration fluctuations are measured with open and closed path infrared gas analyzers. Standardized data processing routines are used to compute flux covariances.
Application of the eddy covariance methods involves issues relating to site selection, instrument placement, sampling duration and frequency, calibration and post-processing. Ideally the field site should be flat, with an extensive fetch of uniform vegetation. In practice many of the FLUXNET sites are on undulating or gently sloping terrain, as this is where native vegetation exists. Sites on complex terrain, which may force flow separation and advection, are generally excluded.
The degree of uniformity of the underlying vegetation varies across the network, too. The sites range from monospecific vegetation, to a mixture of species, to different plant functional types in different wind quadrants. All sites have sufficient fetch to generate an internal boundary layer where fluxes are constant with height.
The height of the sensors depends on the height of the vegetation, the extent of fetch, the range of wind velocity and the frequency response of the instruments. Agricultural scientists mount their sensors on small poles, while forest scientists use either walk-up scaffolding or low-profile radio towers. To minimize tower interference on scaffold towers, investigators place their instruments booms that point several meters up wind or at the top of the tower.
Spatial separation between anemometry and gas analyzers depends on whether one uses a closed or open path gas sensor. With the closed path systems, the intake is often near or within the volume of the sonic anemometers. A delay occurs as air flows through the tubing to the sensor, which is compensated with software during post-processing. Some investigators place their gas transducer on the tower in a constant environment box to minimize the lag time from the sample port and the sensor. Others draw air down long tubes to instruments housed in an air-conditioned hut below the tower. In either circumstance, flow rates are high (6 liter per minute) to insure turbulent flow and minimize the diffusive smearing of eddies. Open path gas sensors are typically placed within a 0.5 m of a sonic anemometer, a distance that minimizes flow distortion and lag effects.
Sampling rates between 10 and 20 Hz ensure complete sampling of the high frequency portion of the flux co-spectrum. The sampling duration must be long enough to capture low frequency contributions to flux covariances, but not too long to be affected by diurnal changes in temperature, humidity and CO2. Adequate sampling duration and averaging period vary between 30 and 60 minutes for most teams. Coordinate rotation calculations of the orthogonal wind vectors (w,u,v) are performed to correct for instrument misalignment and non-level terrain. The vertical velocity, w, is rotated to zero, allowing flux covariances to be computed orthogonal to the mean streamlines.
Calibration frequencies of gas instruments vary from team to team. With
closed path sensors, investigators are able to calibration frequently and
automatically, such as hourly or once a day. Teams with open path sensors
calibrate less frequency, e.g. every few weeks. However, a body of accumulating data indicates that calibration coefficients of contemporary instruments remain steady within that duration (+/- 5%). Scientists using open path sensors also compare their instrument responses to an independent measure of CO2 concentration and humidity. Members of this network do not use a uniform standard for calibrating CO2, yet. But many of us use CO2 gas standards that are traceable to the standards at the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the standards of the global flask network.


The Global Warming
By ABConservation - Updated on 11/09/2022
- What is the global Warming?
Global warming is the unusual global, and rapid in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century. This increase in the surface temperature is due to the greenhouse gases released in the atmosphere.
- What is the cause?
The cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect, caused by the greenhouse gases.
A greenhouse gas is a gas which trap the energy that the Earth emits in the atmosphere, and stops it from being lost into space.
As this energy produces heat, more there is greenhouse gas, more the energy is trapped in the atmosphere and more it gets hotter.
Example of greenhouse gases : C02(dioxygene), O2(oxygen), CH4(methane).
Most greenhouse gases are natural. For example water vapor is the most common greenhouse gas and causes most of the greenhouse effect on Earth.
Those greenhouse gases are important because they permit us to live on Earth. Indeed, without those gases, life as we know would probably not be possible, the Earth would be too cold to live on.
However, nowadays with all the human activities there are too much greenhouse gases released in the atmosphere so the planet is getting hotter and hotter.
Indeed the human activities, like transportation, producing energy or working in industries need to burn fossil fuels, which release a lot of CO2 in the air.
- What are the effects?
This increase in the Earth’s surface temperature lead to several dysfunctions :
– Acidification of the ocean. This leads to a loss of sea animals such as coral.
– Climate change : natural disasters are becoming more frequent and intense (storms, typhoons, rainfalls in some places droughts, heatwaves in others).
– Rising sea levels causing coastal flooding
– Destruction of habitats and loss of biodiversity
– And many more…
- What are the solutions?
– Less consumption to lessen production. This will reduce the release of greenhouse gases in the air.
– Trees and vegetation in general have the ability to absorb C02, one of the principal greenhouse gas.
– Saving the forests and nature in general means saving the planet from global warming.
– Don’t forget the phytoplankton ! This tiny plant living in the water absorbs it also a lot of C02 such as the trees !
– Saving the oceans, lakes, and rivers in general means saving the planet from global warming.
Don’t forget that the global warming is just one of the elements of the climate change and the climate change in one of the elements of the global change.
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The weather in Cornwall can be very changeable due to it's unique location with ocean either side of its land mass. The weather widgets above state the temperature, wind speed & uv ratings as well as maps on pressure, etc. Use the arrows either side of the image to see all the charts.
Quite often the weather people get it wrong too! The north coast can often be clear & sunny compared to the rest of the county, simply because of the westerly winds that come across the ocean. Its always advisable to bring a waterproof cagoule or similar though.


Pollutants in the air aren't always and obvious form of air pollution out and causes earth to cool volcanic eruptions can spew massive amounts. High air pollution levels can cause immediate health problems long-term exposure to polluted air can have permanent health effects such including cars. Conserve energy future energy cars, trains, airplanes cause immense amount of they emit harmful chemicals into the air and can also cause water pollution 3. Air pollution is a major problem in today’s world many of us spend every day of our lives breathing in smog without even thinking of the damage it is doing not. The world health organization estimated in 2014 that every year air pollution causes the air pollution can be cars and trucks) of pollution. An easy-to-understand introduction to air pollution, covering the causes what is air pollution air lets air pollution, so it can provide solutions cars with. Air pollution is caused by a much smaller number of cars than you might think poor air quality can cause heart disease, cancer, and asthma.
Air pollution: everything you need what causes air pollution choose cars that get better miles per gallon of gas or choose an electric car” you can also. Generators, ships, and in some cars diesel exhaust is can i reduce my exposure to diesel exhaust diesel exhaust can cause health air act and programs. From smog to global warming, cars cause pollution of our air every day of every year we've compiled a list of sources for more information on this damaging. Petroleum-based chemicals, such as used in personal care products, paints and cleaners, contribute as much to volatile organic air pollution in urban areas as cars and trucks, according to a.
Smog is so bad in india, pakistan, motorists can't see to drive average air pollution in pakistan’s major cities is about four times higher than the. Various causes of air pollution air pollution is the introduction of harmful substances in the air that have detrimental impacts to the environment and humanity it occurs when the harmful. Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people's nerves, brain, kidneys, liver taking public transportation instead of driving a car.
Vehicles, air pollution, and human health cars and trucks are one of the leading causes of air pollution—but cleaner vehicles can help. Follow these tips to reduce pollution from vehicles and engines these cars can help the and school buses pollutes the air, wastes fuel, and causes. Any process that produces substances that are small and light enough to be carried in air, or are gases themselves, can contribute to air pollution these sources can be natural or man-made.
Those scented products you love noaa study finds they can cause air pollution related pollution emitted by everything from cars and trucks. How do we cause air pollution we cause air pollution directly through our use of electricity (cars are a major source of vocs) ozone (smog) effects.
Air pollution facts: air pollution that causes smog affects dolphins and makes pollutants outside can seep into your car, making the air inside you car 10. Air pollution: current and future challenges to reduce air pollution and the damage that it causes and evaporative emissions from passenger cars.
Not only does air pollution trap sunlight and cause climate change, but the relationship also works the other way: rising temperatures increase levels of air pollution. These technologies can be used in passenger cars more about controlling air pollution from motor vehicles: a major cause of smog and air pollution. Vehicle emissions and air quality when a car’s engine is running, several different types of gasses and particles are emitted that can have detrimental effects on. Releases from chemical products, including ones we use every day in our homes, are as much a cause of air pollution as automobile emissions, according to a new study that has big. What percentage of air pollution is due to cars visit howstuffworks to learn what percentage of air pollution is due to cars it can damage your lungs and cause.


3. Weather & Orography
Albenga Airport is located in a complex orographic area close to the coastline. Studies on the local winds and orography have shown that their interaction is the primary cause of the formation of wind shear.
The following climatological profiles highlight the distribution of the surface wind in two characteristic moments of the day:
At 06.00 local time, the prevailing situation is of wind calm and only occasionally some low intensity breeze,
At 15:00 local time, the wind presence is strong influenced by the visible effects of convective motions generated by the heating of the Earth’s surface. The wind intensity is even more robust during the winter period.
LIMG – Climatological Profile 15.00 local time
The previous analysis shows that at the 15.00 local time:
– In the period November – February, the prevailing wind direction is from northerly sectors (330° through 060°). Due to the local orography, the steady wind is usually associated to gusts and turbulence very close to the ground. These conditions could lead to the presence of wind shear.
– In the period March – October, the prevailing wind direction is from North-East. The wind intensity is very high and sometime can reach even 30 KTS leading to the developing of the wind shear phenomena. The intensity from other directions is usually lower than 10 KTS and does not affect the flying activities.
All the above lead to the following statement on the Albenga AIP:
“Aerodrome rarely affected by terrain-induced wind-shear phenomena, mostly originated by northern winds producing turbulence and vortices, which are highly variable both in space and time, along the approach path.”
Aeroporto Internazionale di Villanova d’Albenga “C. Panero” – Sito ufficiale
International Airport of Villanova d’Albenga “C. Panero” – Official site
Tutti i diritti riservati


Tropical cyclones are observed to vary on intra-seasonal time scales (Fig. 5.8). There is potential predictability here, especially if the intra-seasonal variability is associated with low-frequency tropical circulation anomalies. A few Atlantic studies have been carried out by Ray (1935), Namias (1955), Ballensweig (1959), and more recently by Shapiro (1987). However, most of the predictive signals have not been verified over a long period record and it is premature to make any definitive statements on prediction methods.
Figure 5.8: Temporal clustering of tropical cyclone genesis in the Northern Hemisphere. Numbers in shaded (unshaded) areas give the tropical cyclone formation during active (inactive) periods. Numbers between arrows indicate cyclones before and after the main summer period (Gray, 1979).
Good intra-seasonal forecast prospects may develop as new data sets become available and as we learn more of the physical processes of the tropical cyclone and its environmental interactions. This appears to be a profitable area of future research, a few examples of potential intra-seasonal predictability signals are discussed in the following sections.
Figure 5.9: Temporal clustering of tropical cyclone genesis in the Southern Hemisphere. Numbers in shaded (unshaded) areas give the tropical cyclone formation during active (inactive) periods. Numbers between arrows indicate cyclones before and after the main summer period (Gray, 1979).
Tropical cyclones tend to cluster in time (Figs. 5.8 and 5.9). One can occasionally observe 10-20 cyclones about the globe within several weeks and such active periods typically are separated by an equivalent period of much reduced cyclone activity. An obvious alternation of active and inactive periods of 15-25 d duration is evident in all years in both Figs. 5.8 and 5.9. Figure 5.10 portrays the annual cycle of global tropical cyclone formation for a recent 7-year period (1978-1985). Also shown are the monthly number of named tropical cyclones occurring in active and inactive periods. The 3-5:1 ratio of cyclone numbers between active and inactive periods seen in the hemispheric observations is maintained throughout the year.
This obvious 30-50 d cycle in tropical cyclone activity implies that there may be some connection with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), especially since the variability named tropical cyclone activity is primarily confined to tropical cyclone activity at latitudes equatorwards of 20o lat. This relationship has not been properly investigated at this stage, however.
Figure 5.10: Annual variation in global tropical cyclone formation, together with the average numbers forming during active and inactive periods. The data used were all named tropical cyclones for the period 1978-1985.
Good forecast practice would be to keep a log of both tropical cyclone activity, on a global basis, and also to keep in mind the current phase of the MJO. This should provide qualitative indications of the potential degree of activity over the next few weeks, and such statistics can ultimately be used to develop objective forecast techniques.
Joseph (1989), and Joseph and Liebmann (1991) have noted an inverse association between Indian monsoon rainfall and western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity. When the Indian monsoon is delayed or is in a mid-summer monsoon break period, they have observed increased numbers of tropical cyclones in the western and northern portion of the North Pacific, and these cyclones tend to follow a more poleward track. Eastern North Pacific cyclone tracks are also affected similarly. In contrast, when India has an early monsoon onset or enhanced monsoon rainfall mounts western North Pacific tropical cyclone activity is reduced, the systems tend to track more westwards, and they are confined more to the western part of the basin. An awareness of this relationship can provide forecasters with a qualitative indication of potential future cyclone frequency and track characteristics.
Recent research by Harr and Elsberry (1991) and by Chan (1991) is showing the benefits of using EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis of upper level winds at various pressure levels and of SST in specifying cyclone activity from 1-4 weeks into the future. Their techniques also provides an indication of the likely tracks of future cyclones. Large-scale flow patterns in the tropics often persist for periods of a week to a month. Such EOF analyses, which can be routinely made at numerical analyses centres, appear to offer promise for the development of new intra-seasonal forecast schemes. Additional implementation and testing is required, however.


3. Energy demand
Invactive 23 July 2019
This methodology is globally applicable to project activities that convert carbon dioxide and/or methane, which would have otherwise been emitted into the atmosphere, into a useful plastic material for sale into the plastics market. Such project activities reduce greenhouse gas emissions in two ways. First, project activities sequester carbon dioxide and/or methane into plastic material. Second, the process for manufacturing plastic material from sequestered carbon dioxide and/or methane is typically less emission-intensive than the traditional process for manufacturing plastic material.
This methodology was open for public comment from 14 March 2018 until 13 April 2018. No comments were received.


East Africa: The weather is practically perfect – great safari weather. Sunny and balmy throughout the year, average temperatures range between low to mid-70s year-round with slightly warmer temperatures in summer (November through March) and slightly cooler temperatures in winter (May through August). Despite the fact that East Africa lies on the equator, the region’s high elevation (averaging 5,000 feet above sea level), keeps the air mild and pleasant. Temperature variance is determined more by region than by season: upcountry areas such as Mount Kenya and the Aberdares at 7,000 feet can be cool, while the drier bush country is warmer and the sea level regions of Mombasa and Zanzibar quite tropical.
Travellers often ask about the romantic “rains” of East Africa. The “short rains” traditionally arrive in November while the “long rains” arrive around April. Even during the rains, however, the sun usually shines for a part of the day—in fact, many experienced Africa hands enjoy safariing during this time as the bush is lush, green and quiet. It’s worth noting that worldwide changes in weather patterns due to global warming have also affected East Africa. We’ve noticed that the arrival of the rains is not as predictable as in past years, which has also affected wildlife and migration patterns.
East Africa enjoys a tropical climate. It is hot and humid at the coast, temperate inland and very dry in the north and northeast parts in Kenya.
The average annual temperature for the coastal town of Mombasa (altitude 17 metres) is 30.30 Celsius maximum and 22.40 Celsius minimum, the capital city, Nairobi (altitude 1,661 metres) 25.20 Celsius maximum and 13.60 Celsius minimum, Eldoret (altitude 3,085) 23.60 Celsius maximum and 9.50 Celsius minimum, Lodwar (altitude) 506 metres) and the drier north plainlands 34.80 Celsius maximum and 23.70 Celsius minimum.
There is plenty of sunshine all the year round and summer clothes are worn throughout the year. However, it is usually cool at night and early in the morning.
The long rains occur from April to June and short rains from October to December. The rainfall is sometimes heavy and when it does come it often falls in the afternoons and evenings. The hottest period is from February to March and coldest in July to August.
The annual migration of wildlife between Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and Maasai Mara National Park in Kenya takes place between June and September. The migration of almost two million wildebeest, zebras and other species is nature’s greatest spectacle on earth. The animal trek has been captured by filmmakers worldwide.


Thursday forecast, warm and muggy with heavy showers
Light winds E/SE 10-15 mph today with day time highs 85-90 degrees. Temperatures will feel warmer/muggy with high humidity levels. A low aloft and its associated trough passing through the state will bring a slight chance of thunderstorms and heavy rains. Drier conditions by the weekend.
Surf south 3-5', east 1-3', north and west 1-2'. Small craft advisory for Alenuihaha Channel with wind speeds 15-25kts.
A Flood Advisory was taken down for Kauai. Earlier at 2:38AM the radar indicated heavy rain over central Kauai. Rain was falling at a rate up to 2 inches per hour. Flood Aadvisory posted at least until 8AM for Molokai. The western half of the island had a rate of 1 inch of rain per hour.


• NWA Certified Meteorologist / Anchor / Reporter
• B.S. in Broadcast Meteorology from Mississippi State University
• Minor in Communications from Mississippi State University
KDLT NBC 5, Sioux Falls, SD
November 2009 – Present
• Perform live weathercasts at the 5, 6, and 10 pm newscasts Monday through Thursday,
co-anchor and perform the 5 and 10 pm newscasts on Sundays, and during severe weather.
• In the fall of 2011, began co-anchoring the Sunday shows during football season while
still performing weathercasts which involved reading and writing news stories.
• Manage all weather related functions, procedures, and equipment along with supervising
the morning and weekend meteorologists.
• Daily duties include creating all graphics, analyzing and forecasting daily weather, updating
all weather information that is posted to our website, perform several daily weather
updates and teases.
• Built all of our graphics from the ground up including our Livewire severe weather crawl.
• Produce and perform weekend news and weather cut-ins for the Today Show.
• Perform severe weather cut-ins as well as cut-ins for other major weather events.
• Post regularly on the KDLT Weather Blog which I created in 2009.
• Shoot, write, and edit stories about major weather events as well as weather-related stories.
May 2008 – November 2009
• Co-anchor one hour weekday morning show.
• Perform morning TV cut-ins for Weather Plus and the NBC Today Show.
• Perform satellite interviews and studio interviews.
• Duties include creating all graphics, analyzing and forecasting daily weather,
updating information, pictures, and videos to our website, and community
service such as weather presentations to schools and businesses.
• Shoot, write, and edit weather packages and morning segments.
• Photographer for station reporters.
MSU Geosciences Website
August 2007 – May 2008
• Perform a weather webcast that was broadcast on the Mississippi State
KPHO CBS 5, Phoenix, AZ
• Develop rundown for the 1 minute web weather, 30 second weather now
segment, and the 5pm, 6pm, and 10pm weathercasts.
• Use 3D Live radar "flys" during the show.
• Build specific graphics for daily weather events.
Skills and Awards
• Received the NWA Seal of approval in September of 2012.
• Received an Eric Sevareid award “Best Weathercast” for 2011, AP Awards for “Best
Weathercast” for 2010 and 2011, and “Best Overall Newscast” for 2009. Also
received an Emmy nomination for my part in a 30 Minute special on “50 years
of KDLT” for 2010.
• Well versed in Weather Central graphics which includes 3D Live, ESP Live, X Vision,
Metline, WxWarn, Livewire and Dual Pole Doppler radar. Also well versed in Microsoft
Word, Power Point, and Excel. Have experience with WSI graphics and Weather
• Took part in the 2007-2008 National Forecasting Competition and was the top
forecaster from MSU and one of the lead forecasters in the nation.
Please contact me for a copy of my references.


The system subsequently moved into the Australian region, where it was named Agi by the Papua New Guinea National Weather Service during January 11. There, 57 people were killed and 7,375 were left homeless.  The JTWC assessed that the storm intensified to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane with 1 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph). Tropical Cyclone Idai has left a devastating trail of destruction and death after sweeping through Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe in Southern Africa. The storm crossed 90° E from the adjacent Australian basin, one of two storms in the season to do so along with Cyclone Ezenina. Parts of southern Africa have been left devastated after Cyclone Idai swept through Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe, destroying towns and villages in its path. 4x4.  The system that was to become Tropical Cyclone Agi was first noted during January 3, while it was located about 740 km (460 mi) to the south-east of Honiara in the Solomon Islands. There were also two storms tracked unofficially by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in November. The sun was just setting on the Cape Town district of Camps Bay. ed/msh (Reuters, AFP, AP) At least 162 people have lost their lives so far in the …  Early on February 26, the FMS named the system Bola after it had become a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale. On February 27, the system intensified into a tropical storm and was named Filao; on the same day, the JTWC began tracking it as Tropical Cyclone 14S. , During January 5, a tropical depression developed about 540 km (335 mi) to the northeast of Funafuti, Tuvalu. , A tropical disturbance formed on January 11 to the east of St. Brandon, having originated from a circulation that became evident the previous day. , In addition to the storms classified by the MFR, the JTWC tracked two storms in November. A tropical cyclone accompanied by torrential rain and winds of up to 130km/h is heading down the Mozambique Channel towards KwaZulu-Natal. All Categories 126; Home & …  Later that day, the storm struck eastern Madagascar near Île Sainte-Marie, and it quickly weakened over land, so much so that the JTWC discontinued advisories. Explora nuestro inventario de TEREX TC75 Para La Venta nuevos y usados cerca de ti en MachineryTrader.es. Cyclone Idai was unusual in that it formed in the Mozambique Channel, close to the coastline, giving governments and aid agencies less time to issue warnings and make plans. An automated cyclone … But Georg didn't look out … land cruiser. 1987-036: Central Mexico: Mexico City a surrouing areas.  It moved to the southwest and gradually intensified, becoming a tropical storm on January 13. A ridge to the south turned Ezenina back to the west. During the season, the Météo-France office (MFR) on Réunion island issued warnings in tropical cyclones within the basin. Pasando por el poblado de Nizao y la bahía de Neyba el 22 de septiembre y saliendo por el atlántico al norte de Haití.  Over the next 2 days the system gradually developed tropical cyclone characteristics as it moved south-westwards and passed to the northwest of Fiji.  However, as Bola moved further southwards it entered a region of light and variable winds, which along with an area of high pressure in the Tasman Sea blocked Bola's movement southwards.  The remnant circulation persisted for several days. As a result, it was noted by the Vanuatu Meteorological Service that such damage could have been missed. Idai was one of the worst tropical cyclones ever to hit Africa and the southern hemisphere. The cyclone has caused "massive and horrifying" damage in Beira -- a coastal city in central Mozambique which has been cut off from the rest of the country -- the IFRC said in a statement.  Damage was heaviest in Quelimane, where wind gusts reached 105 km/h (65 mph) and rainfall totaled 104 mm (4.1 in). , The MFR continued tracking the circulation, and Hely turned back to the west on March 24 due to a strengthened ridge following Gasitao's dissipation. , During the last week of February 1988, a shallow tropical depression developed within a trough of low pressure, between Aitutaki and Palmerston Island in the Southern Cook Islands. Twitter. On the next day, the storm attained tropical cyclone status, reaching winds of 135 km/h (85 mph) just west of Europa Island. The 1987-88 season was a below average tropical cyclone season with five named tropical cyclones, occurring within the South Pacific basin to the east of 160°E. La temporada de huracanes en el Atlántico de 1994 fue el período anual de la formación de los ciclones tropicales. Teri can trust no one but herself. Entire cyclone body consists of moulded polyurethane parts, which are held together by steel plates and stainless steel studs/clamps.  A cold front steered the storm to the southeast.  On March 29, the storm emerged into the Mozambique Channel near Besalampy, and failed to re-intensify significantly as it moved southwestward. Early on February 11, 2007, a zone of … Only tropical cyclones moving into the Mozambique channel influence South Africa's weather. The system was responsible for severe and/or extensive damage within the Solomon Islands Temotu Province, Vanuatu and New Caledonia, while it caused minor damage to houses and cash crops when it moved through the central islands of Tuvalu. The cyclone also caused enormous wind damage, ... 7 in South Africa, and 3 in Madagascar. Apply Filters. The storm also produced a Foehn wind along the island.  It moved to the northwest at first before turning sharply to the south on May 7, slowly intensifying. Hundreds died.  On March 17, the JTWC began tracking the system as Tropical Cyclone 17S, and the Meteorological Service of Madagascar named it Hely, despite the system only being a tropical depression. WhatsApp. , After a period of inactivity lasting a month, the final storm of the season began forming on May 4 between Agalega and Diego Garcia.  It moved generally to the west-southwest, intensifying into a tropical storm on January 23.  On the next day, it developed into a tropical disturbance, although it quickly intensified to moderate tropical storm status by December 26, resulting in the Mauritius Meteorological Services naming it Bernandro. Over 500 people died from a cyclone in southern Africa, with hundreds more feared dead in towns and villages that were completely submerged, officials say. ... 45 in Malawi and four in South Africa following torrential rains that have triggered flash floods. house to rent. The circulation became difficult to locate within the broad area of thunderstorms. The MFR ceased tracking the system as a tropical cyclone on April 2, although the circulation was still visible as late as April 5, 21 days after it originated.  On January 25, Doaza passed north of Tromelin Island, and around that time it attained an initial peak of 80 km/h (50 mph). On February 24, the FMS started to monitor a tropical depression, that had developed within the South Pacific Convergence Zone to the north-northeast of Suva, Fiji. The system produced the highest daily rainfall totals since 1951 in several areas on January 12.  The storm stalled on February 29 due to a weakened ridge, and on that day Filao attained tropical cyclone status while reaching peak winds of 135 km/h (85 mph). de Korte (2000) reported that about 93% of the 58 coal preparation plants in South Africa employed DM cyclones. It moved southwestward, moving over northwestern Madagascar as a tropical depression before emerging into the Mozambique Channel on February 25. Historic Tropical Cyclone Tracks ... flows up the western coast of South Africa, past Namibia and Angola, keeping those waters too cool for hurricanes as well. Mozambique's president says … The system that was to become Tropical Cyclone Agi was first noted during January 3, while it was located about 740 km (460 mi) to the south-east of Honiara in the Solomon Islands.  It turned back to the north and dissipated on May 14, about 700 km (430 mi) southeast of where it formed. For larger flow rates , cyclones are supplied in radials, mushrooms or canisters. , On February 6, a tropical disturbance formed in the Australian region from the monsoon trough.  The storm vacillated in intensity between tropical storm and depression statuses for several days due to persistent wind shear, reaching peak winds of only 65 km/h (40 mph). Staff Writer - February 14, 2017. South Africa develops app to prevent spread of COVID-19. Página 1 de 1 Here is a couple of old South African TV1 adverts from 1987 December - Enjoy :) 7 (2 May 2019) Format ... • More than 27,000 people have been reached with food assistance since Cyclone Kenneth made landfall on …  The system subsequently gradually developed further as it continued its south-eastwards movement and came to within 65 km (40 mi) of the Southern Cook Islands. The view from the window of Co-Pierre Georg's workplace at home looked like a picture postcard. , South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, Operational procedures of TC satellite analysis at RSMC La Reunion, "Subject: E10) What are the average, most, and least tropical cyclones occurring in each basin? The first, classified as Tropical Cyclone 01S, formed on November 1, about halfway between Diego Garcia and Sumatra. The MFR assessed that Gasitao reached winds of 150 km/h (95 mph) that day before weakening, although the cyclone restrengthened on March 20 to a peak of 170 km/h (105 mph). The system emerged into the Mozambique Channel on January 19 as it turned to the south and southeast. Image of flooding in Mozambique, shared widely on social media.  After it was named the system, slowly executed a double loop near Efate Island while intensifying further, before it restarted moving to the south-east during April 11. The season ended when Tropical Storm Iarisena dissipated northeast of Madagascar in the middle of May. According to UNOCHA, an average of 1.5 cyclones affect Madagascar each year, the highest number in Africa, and each severe cyclone affects an average of 700,000 people. By. Bernandro passed about 60 km (35 mi) north of Réunion on January 2 before passing between there and Mauritius as a tropical depression. Two people were killed after they attempted to cross a flooded river during January 13, while about 80 others were injured by the cyclone. Cyclone Hazard level: Medium? tweet; Area affected by Cyclone (File Photo) The National weather services in three southern … Active Tropical Storms South Indian Storms.  As a result, the systems future movement became hard to predict early on February 27 as it became slow moving.  The system initially moved south-westwards which seemed to indicate to the Vanuatu Meteorological Service, that the islands of Maewo and Pentecost were in some danger. It is a $5 million bike equipped with rocket launchers and laser guns. Página 1 de 1. Sustained winds there reached 91 km/h (57 mph). Articles and events specifically related to the year 1987 in South Africa.  During December 1987, the South Pacific Convergence Zone started to intensify as upper level westerly winds appeared near the equator, with two depressions forming near Tuvalu towards the end of December as a result. It is a $5 million bike equipped with rocket launchers and laser guns. The dense media (DM) cyclone has been installed in over one quarter of the coal preparation plants worldwide (Reeves, 2002). The Cyclone Fuel Saver™ is a non-moving vortex generator that is installed in the intake hose of your car or truck engine that is made out of high grade stainless steel that gives you better airflow, increased fuel atomization, efficient combustion, increase in power, reduction in consumption for sale in South Africa. On January 30, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), by which time the storm was moving due southward. NISSAN NP 200; Hyundai Creta Savings; Savings Nissan Navara 4.0 V6; … On the next day, the MFR upgraded it to tropical cyclone status as the storm slowed and turned to the south and east. On the next day, it briefly re-intensified into a tropical storm, only to weaken to tropical depression status again on March 26. Recent Posts.  Doaza turned to the southeast and quickly weakened, dissipating within the westerlies on February 1. , Moving over Madagascar as a weak system, Filao caused little effects, although once in the Mozambique Channel, it produced wind gusts of 87 km/h (54 mph) along Juan de Nova island. flat to rent. After the season had ended the names Anne and Bola were retired, while the name Agi was retired as soon as it was named after it had been named by Papua New Guinea.  The system had a minimal effect on land areas, with the French Polynesian islands of Rūrutu and Tupua'i affected by gale-force winds.  Despite this Anuta, Utupua, the Duff Islands and the Reef Islands all reported extensive damage to property and crops. Facebook.  During March 1, the system briefly peaked as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone, with 10-minute sustained wind speeds of 120 km/h (75 mph).  [nb 1] The season was characterised by an El Niño event, which weakened and transitioned into a La Niña event, as the season progressed. The World Meteorological Organization recognized the MFR as a Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre in 1988, and would later label the agency as a R… house for sale. Clear All. In January, both tropical storms Calidera and Doaza crossed Madagascar, the latter of which helped end a drought. bmw.  Moving to the southwest, it quickly intensified to reach winds of 75 km/h (45 mph).  Early on January 15, Calidera made landfall along Cape Masoala in eastern Madagascar at peak intensity.  After a brief turn to the northwest on January 5, it resumed its southerly motion, dissipating on January 8. NISSAN NP 200; Hyundai Creta Savings; Savings Nissan Navara 4.0 V6; … Two days later, Hely turned sharply to the southeast, sparing it moving ashore Mozambique. , Dovi peaked as a category 2 tropical cyclone during April 12, with 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 110 km/h (70 mph), while the JTWC reported that the system had peaked with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 130 km/h (80 mph), which made it equivalent to a category 1 hurricane on the SSHWS. The JTWC assessed peak 1 minute winds of 105 km/h (65 mph) on November 7, although the storm subsequently weakened and dissipated on November 9.  After the cyclone had emerged into the Coral Sea, Anne continued to weaken, before it was last noted during January 14 by the FMS and the JTWC as it weakened into a depression and merged with Cyclone Agi.. ( cyclocane is a CYCLOne and hurriCANE tracker by hayley) English español français. On May 10, Iarisena lost what little organized convection it had, leaving behind an exposed circulation as it weakened to tropical depression status. DMS processes offer some advantages over the other beneficiation processes (England et al, 2002): Using satellite imagery from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the agency estimated intensity through the Dvorak technique, and warned on tropical cyclones in the region from the coast of Africa to 90° E, south of the equator. Popular : room to rent. Simple and quick release type of clamp system is provided for spigot fixing.  Around that time, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) classified it as a tropical depression, and the JTWC labeled it as Tropical Cyclone 03S. Southern Africa: Tropical Cyclone Kenneth Flash Update No.  Initially the system moved to the west and later northwest due to a ridge to the south. Telegram. By AFP Mar 14, 2019. The National weather services in three southern African countries namely Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe have issued alerts of a tropical cyclone set to hit southern Mozambique late on Wednesday night (15 February 2017) or early morning on Thursday (16 February 2017). Four of the storms attained tropical cyclone status, which is the equivalent of a minimal hurricane with 10 minute sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph).  In Mozambique, the cyclone killed about 100 people. Southern Africa was hit by a cyclone that tore across the region destroying communities, a vital port, roads and bridges. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, 1987–88 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center, "TCWC Wellington Best Track Data 1967–2006", "2015–16 Tropical Cyclone Season Outlook in the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre Nadi – Tropical Cyclone Centre (RSMC Nadi – TCC) Area of Responsibility (AOR)", "The Australian Tropical Cyclone Season 1987-88", http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml, "Tropical Cyclone 04P Best Track Analysis", Report of the WMO Post-Tropical Cyclone "Pam" Expert Mission to Vanuatu, "Tropical Cyclone 07P (Anne) best track analysis", Chapter IV — Summary of South Pacific and South Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones, "A Diagnostic Study of the Extratropical Precipitation Resulting from Tropical Cyclone Bola", 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2690:ADSOTE>2.0.CO;2, Final report on Tropical cyclone Bola: 26 February - 4 March, 1988, Tropical cyclones in Vanuatu: 1847 to 1994, "Phénomènes ayant le plus durement touché la Nouvelle-Calédonie: De 1880 à nos jours: Anne", "Priority Setting for Government Investment in Forestry Conservation Schemes — An Example from New Zealand", Trackmap of Severe Tropical Cyclone Anne from the Vanuatu Meteorological Service, Trackmap of Severe Tropical Cyclone Bola from the Vanuatu Meteorological Service, Trackmap of Tropical Cyclone Dovi from the Vanuatu Meteorological Service, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1987–88_South_Pacific_cyclone_season&oldid=974256536, Articles with dead external links from September 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles which contain graphical timelines, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale), Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale), Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale), Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale), This page was last edited on 21 August 2020, at 23:59. quad bike.  Over the next few days, Dovi gradually weakened gradually and became a depression during April 15, before the system was last noted to the south-east of Auckland, New Zealand during April 18. 30 – Three explosions occur at the Dube municipal training centre in Soweto, with no injuries. A tropical cyclone accompanied by torrential rain and winds of up to 130km/h is heading down the Mozambique Channel towards KwaZulu-Natal. By. 1988 : De categoría cinco el huracán Gilbert pasó levemente por … bachelor flat to rent. cars under r30000. Se inició oficialmente el 1 de junio de 1994, y duró hasta el 30 de noviembre de 1994.Estas fechas convencionalmente delimitan el período de cada año cuando la mayoría de ciclones tropicales se forman en la cuenca atlántica. During the season, the Météo-France office (MFR) on Réunion island issued warnings in tropical cyclones within the basin. February 15, 2017. Rick has developed the ultimate motorcycle, the Cyclone. The cyclone developed a well-defined eye during this time, surrounded by a powerful central dense overcast. Indeed, Madagascar, the largest island in Africa, is naturally prone to cyclones. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tumblr Pinterest WhatsApp Telegram Share … Directed by Fred Olen Ray.  Despite the low-level conditions being ideal for the development of a tropical cyclone at this stage, the surrounding upper-level conditions were unfavourable and the depressions dissipated while still in the low-latitudes.  26W; 99W; see more … The center was disrupted over land, although it gradually organized.  On December 10, the MFR began tracking the system due to the appearance on satellite imagery, their first of the season. The three lists of names shown hereafter will serve as the reference and basis to establish … 1987 in South Africa. Within Temotu there was no official quantitative damage assessment and prompt relief measures were not carried out due to the lack of boats or aircraft and the remoteness of the islands. The South African Weather Bureau considered Domoina as the "first tropical cyclone in recent history to have caused flooding and extensive damage." fridge for sale. Hoo a Los Remedios rivers: 09/28/87: 09/29/87: 2 : 15 : 3,000 : Heavy rain : 1 : Tso: 2,770 0.4 : 1987-035: Southern a eastern South Africa : Provinces: Northern Natal Province a Eastern Cape.  The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), which is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force, also issued tropical cyclone warnings for the southwestern Indian Ocean.  Tropical Cyclone 04P was monitored near Tuvalu, by the JTWC and the NPMOC between December 18–22. Category All Categories. Edit source History Talk (0) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:1987 in South Africa. The Cyclone Fuel Saver™ is a non-moving vortex generator that is installed in the intake hose of your car or truck engine that is made out of high grade stainless steel that gives you better airflow, increased fuel atomization, efficient combustion, increase in power, reduction in consumption for sale in South Africa.  Early on January 11, the FMS reported that Anne had peaked, with estimated 10-minute peak sustained winds near its center of 185 km/h (115 mph), which made it equivalent to a category 4 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian scale. A cyclone which struck southern Africa has affected almost three million people, of whom nearly 500,000 have been driven from their homes, the United Nations said on Tuesday. The new Uduya Point Apartments has been issued with a Cyclone Proof Certificate from Vijay Krishnan, the director of Engineered Designs, the project civil and structural engineer. Rick has developed the ultimate motorcycle, the Cyclone. 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Fly from Tawau to Perth
Destination information for Perth
Airports serving Tawau
- Tawau Airport (TWU)
Airports servicing Perth
- Perth (PER)
Temp on Avg for February in Perth32.1 °C
Avg rainfall for February in Perth19.2 mm
During the next 10 days, the weather in Perth is expected to be 5°C cooler than Tawau (31°C).
During this time it is forecast that there will be 1.3 mm less rainfall in Perth than in Tawau.
Over the next ten days, the expected sunshine is likely to be 78% in Perth as opposed to 10% in Tawau.


High Winds Forecast – steps to minimise damage to property
With the Met Office setting Yellow and Amber warnings for strong Winds this evening up to mid-morning tomorrow (Wednesday 13th September), it could be worth taking a few quick precautions to ensure that any potential damage to buildings and cars are minimised.
Ensuring that wheelie bins (particularly empty ones), are stored in garages/sheds or weighed down will prevent them being blown away and potentially causing damage to cars. Trampolines and other garden play equipment can also cause problems where winds are especially high. Plant pots in exposed areas can be swept up/blown over by winds. Checking tarpaulin is securely in place over BBQ’s/patio furniture is also a good idea.
Ensuring that fencing is in good condition and undertaking regular maintenance checks of roof tiles can minimise potential damage in high winds and heavy rain.
The Yellow warning of Storm Aileen (potential gusts of 50-60 mph) is in place for Wales, the Midlands, southern parts of northern England, southwest England and southeast England, with a higher Amber warning for North Wales, southern parts of Northern England, the North Midlands and Norfolk with gusts to 65-75 mph forecast. Such winds predict the Met Office, have the potential to cause damage from roof tiles, trees and branches with the possibility of power cuts.
See https://m.bbc.co.uk/weather/warnings for most recent updates.


Like other European countries, the orange winds from the Sahara Desert turned towards France. The orange winds can make the sky look orange and reddish. Complaints of cold and flu are on the rise among the people, vehicles have become contaminated with orange sand and mud.
Such winds are called bloody winds and such rain is called blood rain which includes desert sand. When water drips from the sky, its color turns red. When it falls and dries, a layer of reddish sand remains on the ground.
In France, these orange or reddish desert winds started on March 15, which are still going on, and with these winds, the sky has also taken on a beautiful color.


Since the start of the industrial era, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level (where total atmospheric pressure is 1 atm) has increased by 0.2066 mmHg. Human-produced (anthropogenic) carbon dioxide predominantly comes from burning fossil fuels. For our purposes, we can approximate all carbohydrates as octane, C8H10 (l). Assume the following about the atmosphere: the volume is 6.13 x 1021 liters, the average temperature is 249.25 K, and the average pressure is 0.509931 atm. Calculate the net moles of octane burned (combusted) to account for increase in atmospheric CO2.


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(May 21 2017 08-21 PM)Canon Canon EOS 5D Mark III(5760x3840)345643304.jpg
Tornado Alley is a colloquial term for the area of the United States (or by some definitions extending into Canada) where tornadoes are most frequent. The term was first used in 1952 as the title of a research project to study severe weather in parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, South Dakota, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, Colorado, North Dakota, and Minnesota only. It is largely a media-driven term although tornado climatologists distinguish peaks in activity in various areas and storm chasers have long recognized the Great Plains tornado belt.


I am a shooter who competes in still-target shotgun (NWTF turkey shoot) events. We are trying to put the most possible shot in a 3-inch circle at 40 yards with our 12 and 20 gauge shotguns using factory turkey loads and turkey chokes. I have noticed that the weather plays an extremely important role in the ability of a gun/shell combo to produce tight clusters of shot on any given day. For instance, hot weather always seems to produce denser patterns than cold weather.
However, there are other weather factors that make a difference that I don’t understand as well. I’ve seen the quality of patterns change within a given day when the temperature remained relatively constant. I suspect that it must have something to do with changes in barometric pressure, air density, or some other factor. Can you elaborate on this and provide me any guidance on how I might predict good or bad times?
Thanks for your great question. It isn’t often that I get questions about atmospheric effects on shot patterns, but they can indeed be significant, just as they are in other sports, such as baseball or golf.
Air density exerts a drag force on any object moving through it. The higher the density, the more drag is exerted. This drag serves to slow down the object moving through it.
A smooth or nearly smooth object (such as a bullet or golf ball) will normally fly in a relatively straight path when subjected to this air drag.
However, as all golfers know, if the object has side, top, or back spin, its path will curve in response to the air drag force.
Now, lead pellets fired from a shotgun end up being far from smooth spheres. Those toward the rear of the load are subjected to setback forces when the load is fired, which deforms them and creates flat spots. Aerodynamic forces acting on these flat spots move the pellet transversely off track, as well as create spin, which does the same thing.
OK, this is a long-winded explanation of what happens when a non-spherical pellet moves through the air. The main point here is that these random aerodynamic forces open up (disperse) shot patterns. This effect increases with increasing air density. There is one other atmospheric effect that I will save until later.
So now to your question: what atmospheric factors affect shot dispersion? The answer is, anything that affects air density, which are pressure, temperature, and humidity. Of these, air temperature has the largest range and gives the largest changes in air density. The higher the temperature, the lower the density.
In absolute terms, air temperature changes from summer to winter can cause air density variations of up to 25%, with corresponding changes in shot pattern dispersion (tighter patterns when it’s hot, more open when it’s cold).
Within a given day, normal air temperature variations can cause air density, and thus shot pattern, variations of as much as 8%. Normal air pressure changes within a single day can change patterns as much as 3 or 4%.
Humidity effects amount to no more than 1 or 2%, even in the summer. Contrary to what most people think, the more humid the air, the lighter (less dense) it is.
One other atmospheric factor, atmospheric turbulence, can cause shot pattern changes from hour to hour within a given day. When wind blows over the ground, it creates random eddies of different sizes, some quite small, within which the air is moving in different directions. On a hot day, there are also thermal eddies caused by hot air near the ground rising. This combination of mechanical and thermal eddies makes up what is caused atmospheric turbulence.
When a pellet ensemble (or pattern) traveling through the air encounters atmospheric turbulence, different portions of the pattern can fly through different turbulent eddies of air moving in random directions. These can impart a small transverse movement to the various pellets, which has the overall effect of opening up the pattern.
Steve, I’m sure that’s more than you ever wanted to know, but that’s what happens when you ask a scientist a question!
Best wishes and happy shooting,


Storm Shield app's storm-based polygon warnings are extremely accurate.
Note how the forecasted polygon for the Severe Thunderstorm Warning quickly gets filled with the most intense (red) storm cells. This is from a series of three Storm Shield app screenshots during a Severe Thunderstorm Warning on April 16, 2013 in southwest Ohio.
Storm Shield alerts you to severe weather based on your exact location within a county. Other services use county-based alerts which result in people at one end of a county receiving alerts for weather that will not impact them.
In this example, if the National Weather Service issues a polygon for a Tornado Warning, you would receive a Tornado Warning from Storm Shield if you or your saved locations fall inside the red polygon.
In this example, if your location is just outside the polygon (even though you may be in the storm and the county), you would not receive a warning from Storm Shield.
The National Weather Service has criteria that must be met to issue a severe weather alert. As an example, for a thunderstorm to be considered severe, it must contain hail of 1 inch or greater and winds of 58 miles per hour or greater.
These are thresholds the NWS defines when storms start causing structural damage and are a substantial threat to people. So it's possible to experience small hail and strong winds and not be under a thunderstorm warning.
What does this mean for Storm Shield users?
If your current or saved locations fall outside these thresholds -- even though you may be in what appears to be severe weather -- you would not receive an alert from Storm Shield, because Storm Shield adheres to the same NWS standards.
For more help with Storm Shield App, visit our FAQ section at support.stormshieldapp.com


Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent climate changes on earth, commonly known as 'global warming' the effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record , particularly in the last 50 years. Have students present information about their group's ocean predator using presentation or slideshow software 1 have students watch and discuss the video census ocean observing tell students that they will be using a series of videos and online resources to explore human impacts on specific.
Human activities that are known to be environmentally unfriendly, such as deforestation and fossil fuel burning, have directly and indirectly changed the biogeochemical and physical processes which affects the earth's climate. A number of events in world history have contributed to the development of environmental education and sustainability education discussions about the environment, and more specifically, man's. The major causes of biodiversity decline are land use changes, pollution, changes in atmospheric co 2 concentrations, changes in the nitrogen cycle and acid rain, climate alterations, and the introduction of exotic species, all coincident to human population growth.
Humans interact with the world around us every day, but some of our actions are more harmful than others as our population approaches 7 billion people, the effects of human activities on the ecosystem, including the water, air, land and the life that we share the world with, are almost immeasurable. Explain how human activities have contributed to the condition of ecosystem goods and services ecosystem goods such as wild fisheries are very degraded because of human activities due to a lack of policies, regulation and an ever increasing demand, overfishing has contributed to the degraded conditions. Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in earth's atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness the largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere.
Considering the pace of climate change today, scientists can rule out most of those suspects: some happen too slowly to explain current climate change, while others move in small cycles, not long trends, and others only influence the climate in part of the planet. Human activities have multiplied extinctions of species by 50-1 000 times in the last 100 years poor people, notably in developing countries, are most at risk from the. Even basic human activities -- breathing and digesting food -- produce co2 it's a necessary compound in earth's life cycles actively growing trees and plants absorb co2 and, with sunlight and water, convert it to food. We have altered so many natural systems so dramatically, their ability to protect us from disturbances is greatly diminished also contributing to the rising toll of disasters is the enormous expansion of the human population and the built environment, which put more people and more economic activities in harm's way. Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in earth's atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gas es, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness.
Explain how human activities have contributed to the condition of ecosystems and services (10 marks) an ecosystem refers to a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Describe and explain how recent human activities contributed to the development of cities in different locations (eg, development of electrical energy capacity and air conditioning in southern us cities, irrigation to increase the number of golf courses in resort towns, tax incentives or policies encouraging new business development. Human activities have increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (co 2 ), methane and nitrous oxide began to rise around two hundred years ago, after changing little since the end of the last ice age thousands of years earlier. But even if you choose to doubt them, it is really the first seven that, combined, point to human activities as the only explanation of rising global temperatures since the industrial revolution, and the subsequent climate changes (such as ice melt and sea level rise) that have occurred due to this global warming.
Explain how global warming occurs on earth, how human activity has contributed to global climate change, and how global climate change affects marine primary productivity and marine animal migration. Human activities account for over one-third of n 2 o emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector this article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic n inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since the industrial revolution began around 1750, human activities have contributed substantially to climate change by adding co 2 and other heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere these greenhouse gas emissions have increased the greenhouse effect and caused earth's surface temperature to rise.


A weather aside, this time with tragic implications: I’m sure many of you have been following the recent landslides in Brazil and the resulting deaths – more than 70 at last count. The underlying cause was unprecedented heavy rainfall on steep and muddy terrain in Brazil’s Rio province.
How much rain fell? Check this TRMM figure for the seven-day rain accumulation in the region during the period preceding the landslides. What you’re looking at is something like 350mm of rain in the period (which is a little more than a foot).