…HEAVY SNOW AND BLOWING SNOW WILL CONTINUE THROUGH EARLY
…DANGEROUS WIND CHILLS EXPECTED TUESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY
Snow and blowing snow will continue through Monday morning. The
greatest snow accumulations will stretch from west central
Minnesota through southwest Wisconsin with lesser amounts to the
north. This system is expected to cause significant travel
impacts, especially through the Monday morning commute.
Winter Storm Warnings are in place for central Minnesota into
west central Wisconsin. Western Minnesota is in a Winter Weather
Additional snowfall totals of 1-3 inches are expected in the
Winter Storm Warning. Additional snowfall is not expected in the
advisory area, but blowing snow is possible.
Wind chills are expected to fall to 25 below zero and lower Monday
night and Tuesday morning. Dangerous wind chills as low as 60
below zero are expected Tuesday morning through Thursday morning
in western and central Minnesota. Wind chills as low as 50 below
zero are expected Tuesday afternoon through Thursday morning in
east central MN and west central Wisconsin.
…WINTER STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TODAY…
…WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 3 AM TO 3 PM CST TUESDAY…
…WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 3 PM TUESDAY TO 9 AM CST
Snow and blowing snow. Additional snow accumulations of
1 to 3 inches. Dangerously cold wind chills as low as 55 below
zero to 35 below zero expected.
Portions of northwest and west central Wisconsin.
For the Winter Storm Warning, until noon CST today. For
the Wind Chill Warning, from 3 PM Tuesday to 9 AM CST
Thursday. For the Wind Chill Advisory, from 3 AM to 3 PM CST
Plan on slippery road conditions. The
hazardous conditions could impact the morning or evening
commute. The dangerously cold wind chills could cause
frostbite on exposed skin in as little as 5 minutes.
Instructions: A Winter Storm Warning for snow means severe winter weather conditions will make travel very hazardous or impossible. If you must travel, keep an extra flashlight, food and water in your vehicle in case of an emergency. A Wind Chill Warning means the combination of very cold air and the wind will create dangerously low wind chill values. Frostbite can occur quickly and even hypothermia or death if precautions are not taken. A Wind Chill Advisory means that cold air and the wind will combine to create low wind chills. Frostbite and hypothermia can occur if precautions are not taken. Make sure you wear a hat and gloves. The latest road conditions for Minnesota can be found at 511mn.org and for Wisconsin at 511wi.gov, or by calling 5 1 1 in either state.
- Eau Claire
- St. Croix


Well, it's sad to see the ice season ending but very exciting to see the fishing season beginning. According to the May 8 satellite picture, there is still ice on Buck. It’s in the main part of the lake between Bingwood and Crowded Point. The areas around the cabins are ice free and almost all surrounding lakes are ice free. Here’s a photo of Government Lake taken just last week:
The satellite pictures have been cloudy the last two days but the temperatures have been warm. Therefore, I am declaring ice out on Buck to be Wednesday, May 10. John and the gang should be able to safely arrive in camp late week and this weekend.
Ice out the last seven years:
2017 May 10
2016 May 6
2015 May 8
2014 May 26
2013 May 20
2012 April 7
2011 May 7
It's fun to watch and report on the anticipation of ice out. We'll do it again next year, but now, it's time to go fishing!
Before we look at the weather in Hornepayne, I found a little information on the web that talks about how ice melts. I found it interesting and thought I'd include it here. Since it's from the Internet, it has to be true!
A wonderful description of how lake ice melts away appeared on the web blog "Air Mass", hosted by the Star Tribune's Bill McAuliffe. Ed Swain, of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency describes the process of freezing and thawing lakes.
1. In the late fall, the lake loses heat to the atmosphere, and then on a day or night when the wind is not blowing, ice forms. The ice gets thicker as long as the lake can continue to lose heat.
2. In most Januaries and Februaries, snow both reflects sunlight and insulates the lake. With a thick snow layer, the lake neither gains nor loses heat. The bottom sediment is actually heating the lake water slightly over the winter, from stored summer heat.
3. Around March, as the air warms and the sun gets more intense, the snow melts, allowing light to penetrate the ice. Because the ice acts like the glass in a greenhouse, the water beneath it begins to warm, and the ice begins to melt FROM THE BOTTOM.
4. When the ice thickness erodes to between 4 and 12 inches, it transforms into long vertical crystals called "candles." These conduct light even better, so the ice starts to look black, because it is not reflecting much sunlight.
5. Warming continues because the light energy is being transferred to the water below the ice. Meltwater fills in between the crystals, which begin breaking apart. The surface appears grayish as the ice reflects a bit more light than before.
6. The wind comes up, and breaks the surface apart. The candles will often be blown to one side of the lake, making a tinkling sound as they knock against one another, and piling up on the shore. In hours, a sparkling blue lake, once again!
Hornepayne experienced above normal temperatures last week seeing temperatures in the 50F's on two days and at or above freezing the remaining days of the week. With temps above freezing, 4.3 millimeters (mm) of rain was able to fall.
The Great Lakes ice cover is down to 3.3% and falling so it will no longer be a factor in the melt.
The warm temperatures coupled with the rain were able to reduce the snow cover by about 23% from 31 down to 24 centimeters, or about 9.5 inches. 2016 recorded almost double the amount of snow at 44 centimeters on April 1. Here's the snow cover map showing the only snow in Michigan to be in the Upper Peninsula.
The Lake Superior satellite picture agrees showing some snow remaining in the UP. You can also see some lakes in the UP that are starting to reflect that gray color discussed earlier meaning that they are in the process of shedding their ice.
The Wawa Goose webcam shows that the snow in the region is starting to feel the effects of spring as it slowly starts to melt away!
Hornepayne's weather this coming week looks to have above average temperatures early, a brief return to average temperatures mid week, followed by another warm up next weekend. There are some indications that temps early the following week will make a run at the 60F level for the first time this spring. We'll see if that kind of warmth can get that far north. The European forecasting model is forecasting a lot of warmth during April over eastern North America, including Northwest Ontario. The forecast from Environment Canada, which uses the Canadian forecasting model, matches nicely. Here's the European for April, note that the temperature departures are in Celsius;
Speaking of Environment Canada, here's their forecast for the three months of April, May, and June. It shows another warm period throughout almost all of Canada.
I'll wrap this one up by saying that I believe that we are ahead of last year's melt when the ice went out at Buck on May 6. If the longer range forecasts verify, then we are still on track for a late April ice out. Time will tell and we'll be watching as it does!!
See you next week!!


Quotes by temperatures
Quotes 1 till 3 of 3.
American football player 1951-
On our way to the Super Bowl XV Championship, the Oakland Raiders played a frigid 1981 AFC playoff game in Cleveland, in which the temperatures plunged to -35 degrees. I remember looking up in the stands to see a dedicated Cleveland Brown fan celebrating topless.
Danish author 1965-
There is no doubt that we should take solar radiation into account. We have seen ground temperatures rising since 1975, and it is important to know to what extent that has been caused by the sun or by carbon dioxide.
American agriculturalist and businessman 1949-
We now know that we cannot continue to put ever-increasing amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Actions have consequences. In fact, the consequences of past actions are already in the pipeline. Global temperatures are rising. Glaciers are melting. Sea levels are rising. Extreme weather events are multiplying.
All temperatures famous quotes and sayings you will always find on greatest-quotations.com 3 found


Sun City Weather
Sun City has a year-round temperate climate that has a daily average about 8 hours of sunshine and 12 hours of daylight.
Summer is characterised by long, hot days that can reach 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit) with afternoon thunderstorms and balmy evenings.
Winter is dry and cooler, with very cold nights that can drop as low as 3 degrees Celsius (37 degrees Fahrenheit).
Read more about the best time to visit Sun City.


We made it to the last full week of August and man does it look like a great week!To start, grab the umbrella before walking out the door as there is a SLIGHT chance of showers this morning. Don’t fret! The showers will clear out, but the clouds will be sticking around through a large … Continue reading Temps and Skies are GREAT for Last Week of August
We have enjoyed the cooler temperatures this week, but as winds return out of the south, moisture will return to Texoma along with a warm front moving in today. On top of the moisture, clouds will work their way into Texoma. Temperatures climb into the upper 80s and lower 90s across with the chance of … Continue reading More Rain Moving Into Texoma
After the much anticipated cold front moved through Texoma, temperatures are DRASTICALLY different from this time yesterday. As of 4 AM Thursday morning, temperatures range from 16° to 26° COOLER than 4 AM Wednesday morning.This morning, fog can be expected closer to sunrise, leading to a partly cloudy start to our Texoma Thursday, but clouds … Continue reading Cooler Temps and Lower Humidity Behind the Cold Front
The unseasonably strong “cold” front, I’ve been talking about for days will make its way through Texoma through the afternoon leading to some GREAT temperatures and some much needed rain. As the front approaches, winds will pick up, cloud coverage will increase, and rain chances will increase through the morning hours. Before sunrise, the greatest chance … Continue reading Rain Has Arrived! Keep the Umbrellas Handy, Texoma.
The cold front is still to the north of Oklahoma this morning, but is marching towards Texoma and should be pushing through Tuesday night into Wednesday.For Tuesday, winds remain out of the south again, bringing moisture back into Texoma. Temperatures will stay in the 90s for today with partly cloudy skies. As the cold front … Continue reading Cold Front Inching Closer to Texoma with Rain Chances Increasing
After a great weekend in Texoma with clear skies and temperatures in the mid-90s it is time to start another work week.For this Monday we can expect humidity levels to start climbing again as winds are back out of the south. Although humidity levels are returning, temperatures are expected to be similar to the weekend … Continue reading More “Cooler” Air is Headed to Texoma, Along with Some Rain
**NOTE: All rainfall numbers in this blog are as of May 31, 2015, and are public record. Some of the numbers are from the National Weather Service offices in Fort Worth and Norman, others are from the Oklahoma Climatological Survey and Oklahoma Mesonet.**As the month of May ends, Texoma is seeing what we hope is … Continue reading MAY it please stop RAINING now? We’d like the weather to take a NAP!


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38.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.27. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.3 males.It looks on Wednesday, 22 February the 58321, Brocket, North Dakota weather is going to be light sleet. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation and cloud covering 100% of the sky, the humidity will be around 91%. The daytime temperature is going to reach 0 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -6 °c at night. If anything is not correct on our website or you have any feedbacks or queries then please do get in touch. It looks on Thursday, 23 February the 58321, Brocket, North Dakota weather is going to be partly cloudy. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation and cloud covering 52% of the sky, the humidity will be around 79%. Text weather page will allow you to get a weather text summary for next 14 days and weather chart page displays weather pattern like temperature, wind speed, gust, pressure, etc.
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The windiest of all days will be Friday 17The weather is turning out to be sunny. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 4% of the sky, the humidity will be around 96%. The weather is forecasted to be overcast with daytime temperature reaching 2 °c. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation. The 58321, Brocket, North Dakota weather is going to be light rain.
58321, Brocket, North Dakota visibility is going to be around 8 km i.e. The daytime temperature is going to reach 5 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -4 °c at night.


Atmospheric and Space Scientists Overview
A bachelor’s degree in meteorology or a closely related field is necessary for employment as an atmospheric and space scientist. A master’s degree or Ph.D. degree may also be necessary for certain positions due to the growing job competition within this field. Around 34 percent of atmospheric and space scientists are employed by the Federal Government, many working for the National Weather Service.
Nature of the Work for Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Atmospheric and space scientists study the physical characteristics, processes, and motions of the atmosphere and how it affects the rest of our environment. Studying atmosphere, the blanket of air that covers the Earth, means that atmospheric and space scientists may learn how to forecast weather as well as interpret and understand trends in weather and climate. Atmospheric and space scientists can also use these skills to analyze air-pollution, agriculture, ozone depletion or global warming.
Atmospheric scientists who forecast weather and study the Earth’s temperature, humidity, and wind velocity are known as operational meteorologists. By using computer models, operational meteorologists can use satellite and radar data to make forecasts for long and short-term weather. The findings of an operational meteorologist can help inform the general public with short-term weather announcements and can affect economic and safety measures, such as shipping or fishing.
Climatologists can study weather variations over long-term periods such as months, years, or centuries. Their work may include collecting and analyzing past records of region specific temperatures or rainfall. A climatologist’s findings can affect how buildings are designed as well as how heating and cooling systems are planned and built.
Physical meteorologists can study the chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere such as light transmission and radio and sound waves. Physical meteorologists may also study factors that affect cloud formation or other atmospheric phenomena. Environmental meteorologists study problems such as these and evaluate and report on them. The work of physical meteorologists and environmental meteorologists involves working exclusively in research. Atmospheric and space scientists can work in a weather station, on the ground, or from an aircraft. Atmospheric and space scientists working at radio or television stations may work from station studios while working nights and weekends. Atmospheric and space scientists working in smaller weather offices may work alone while those in larger one may work in teams. Those working for private consulting firms or companies responsible for monitoring emissions for air quality may work with scientists and engineers while performing work on the field and traveling.
Due to changing weather conditions, most weather stations operate around the clock all week long. These hours require atmospheric and space scientists to work nights, weekends, and holidays, mostly on rotating shifts. Deadlines may also be apart of the job when weather emergencies occur. For atmospheric and space scientists not involved with forecasting, their hours may be more regular and their work may be done in an office.
Training, Other Qualifications and Advancement for Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Entry-level atmospheric and space scientists looking to work for the Federal Government should have a bachelor’s degree and at least 24 semester hours of meteorology/atmospheric education with courses in atmospheric dynamics, physical meteorology, and remote sensing of the atmosphere. Other courses can include aeronomy, physical hydrology, or computer sciences.
Advancements in pay and growth potential mostly occur for atmospheric and space scientists who receive a master’s degree or Ph.D. Those looking for a career in research should obtain a Ph.D. and do not necessarily need to major in atmospheric science or meteorology. A bachelor’s degree in mathematics, physics or engineering is also helpful for atmospheric and space scientists.
Few colleges and universities offer degrees in atmospheric science or meteorology but offer degrees in earth science, geography, or geophysics. The American Meteorological Society (AMS) lists around 100 graduate and undergraduate atmospheric science programs to choose from.
Computer science courses, meteorology courses, and mathematics skills can all be useful when applying for atmospheric and space scientist jobs. Atmospheric and space scientists should also take courses in subjects relevant to the area of specialization they wish to work in. Atmospheric and space scientists just starting out in their career may begin by collecting data and performing basic forecasting. For consulting meteorologists, the AMS offers the Certified Consulting Meteorologist certification which requires meeting education requirements and passing a test. The AMS also offers the Certified Broadcast Meteorologist designation for those working in television and radio.
Atmospheric and space scientists can advance by working as supervisors or in administrative jobs as well as handling more complete forecasting obligations.
Employment and Job Outlook for Atmospheric and Space Scientists
With around 9,400 jobs held for atmospheric and space scientists, the Federal Government was the largest employer with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) following behind. The U.S. Department of Defense also employs atmospheric and space scientists while members of the Armed Forces are involved in meteorological work and forecasting.
Keen competition and increases in employment will occur for atmospheric and space scientists. Many new jobs for atmospheric and space scientists are expected to come out of private industry. Improvements in weather forecasting and the need for weather information for people such as farmers and investors can create more job opportunities for atmospheric and space scientists. Few jobs openings will occur in government since atmospheric and space scientists will only be hired when someone leaves or retires.
Atmospheric and space scientists will be in demand to analyze and monitor air pollution and global weather observations as well.
Earnings and Salary for Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Median annual wages of atmospheric scientists are $84,710. The middle 50 percent earn between $58,680 and $104,520. The lowest 10 percent earn less than $40,560, and the highest 10 percent earn more than $127,250. The average salary for meteorologists employed by the Federal Government is $94,210.


Tropical Storm Barry is headed our way!Â Here’s a graphic, illustrating the assumed path of the storm.Â The red arrow points to where we are at, St. Augustine, Florida.
Winds are expected to reach about 60mph.Â Heavy rain is expected.Â South Georgia, where we live, really needs the rain, so I’m thankful for the rain that the storm should bring.Â As for what we’ll do tomorrow, we’ll probably go to the local bowling alley, hit the outlet mall, and then see what the weather is like tomorrow evening.
Money spent:Â We went to Outback for supper and then went to Target for a few groceries.Â 100 bucks?Â Something like that.
1 thought on “Vacation Update: Here Comes The Rain”
Rain? Consider it a freebie under the title: adventure.
You’re all together. That’s all that matters.
Comments are closed.


KARACHI: From 11 to 16 May, a heat wave is expected to prevail throughout Sindh province. with a rise of According to the Hydrometeorological Center, the daily temperature is 8 degrees above zero. on Monday.
The heat is on at the moment over center and top of Sindh, which raises the temperature by up up to 8 degrees Celsius from the normal level.
During this period, daytime temperatures can range from 46 degrees Celsius to 48 degrees Celsius in Districts of Dadu, Sukkur, Larkana, Jakobabad, Shaheed Benazirabad, Naushero Frost, Khairpur, Shikarpur and Gotki.
In Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Badin, Thatta, Mirpurkhas and Umerkot districts, mercury levels are likely to increase. hit maximum from 43 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius.
Karachi is expected to see maximum temperatures from 38 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius from 13 to 14 May.
farmers should step up manage your crops and public should avoid direct exposure to the sun as possible, especially at peak heat hours— reported in the Met Office.
“Because of the extreme heat, daytime temperatures are likely to remain 07-09°C above normal in Punjab, Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan and Kashmir, while 06-08°C above normal in Sindh and Balochistan. General public It is recommended that precautions be taken to avoid heat wave, and warning of the Met Office said.
Copyright © 2022 Business Recorder.


The Carbon Footprints of Sony and Dell
According to Greenpeace International’s article, ‘Guide to Greener Electronics’, both Sony and Dell are among the most eco-friendly consumer electronics companies. On the scale provided by Greenpeace, Sony received a rating of 5.1 out of 10 (second place) and Dell received a rating of 4.5 out of 10 (fifth place). Furthermore, data concerning greenhouse gas emissions for both companies is relatively accessible. In addition, while Sony is a worldwide corporation based in Tokyo Japan, Dell, Inc. is a worldwide company based in Round Rock, Texas. Therefore, an interesting comparison between the two companies could be made because of the closeness of the scores they received by ‘Guide to Greener Electronics’, the fact that Sony is based in Japan and Dell is based in the United States, and the availability of data.
What is a Carbon Footprint?
As discussed earlier, a “carbon footprint” unit is expressed as grams of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt hour or generation (gCO2eq/kWh). For the purposes of this webpage, grams of CO2 equivalent will be replaced with tons of CO2 equivalent. CO2 equivalent means that all other greenhouse gases that are not carbon dioxide are converted to carbon dioxide by multiplying it by a factor. Carbon footprints are an easy and common way to quantify greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, the carbon footprints of Sony Corporation and Dell, Inc. on a global level are measured in tons of CO2 equivalent.
Conversions and Calculations
The calculations used to determine the carbon footprints of Sony and Dell were minor and uncomplicated. The data compiled was mainly based on an average of a 7 year period starting in 2000 and ending in 2006. In some cases, a conversion from pounds to tons or metric tons to tons was necessary. Also, it was vital to know the amount of CO2 produced to support one kilowatt hour of electricity generated by the burning of coal. This was important because coal is the most abundant nonrenewable resource on the Earth, and thus is exploited greatly for the production of electricity. The amount of CO2 produced for one kilowatt hour is approximately 1,000 grams, or 1 kilogram. This roughly translates to 1.10×10^-3 tons of CO2 per kilowatt hour. However, the methods at which Sony and Dell calculated data on their greenhouse emissions were much more complicated.
Sony Corporation uses methods of collecting data that takes into account several different stages of CO2 emissions. For calculating CO2 emissions at Sony factories, the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions in CO2 equivalent is taken and added to CO2 emissions from product use and transportation, and finally an amount is subtracted by greenhouse gas reduction activities. For actual product usage, Sony multiplies the electrical power used throughout the product’s lifetime by a standardized CO2 conversion rate.
Dell, Inc. also uses methods that take into account several different stages of CO2 emissions. Dell calculates its power consumption by multiplying that maximum amount of watts used and the amount of time that power is at maximum, added to the minimum amount of watts used multiplied by the amount of time power is at a minimum, and finally added to the product of the amount of watts consumed when the device is off and the amount of time in which the device is off. For transportation, Dell, Inc. tracks the amount of fuel burned for air and ground freight transportation, and thus calculates the amount of CO2 equivalent given off due to logistics.
Sony’s Carbon Footprint
Sony Corporation has a large carbon footprint because of the amount of greenhouse gases contributed due to production sites, transportation, production, and the use of energy to run those products. In order to collect data on the carbon footprint of Sony, we took the sum of the total greenhouse gas emissions from logistics and site emissions in CO2 equivalent from the years 2000 to 2006. Then, we took the sum of the total greenhouse gas emissions from usage of consumer electronics products in CO2 from the years 2000 to 2006, and found the average. Finally, we took the sum of those two numbers to find the average annual carbon footprint of Sony Corporation. Below are the calculations we did.
2,183,765 + 2,092,375 + 2,099,213 + 2,113,577 + 2,145,406 + 2,180,244 + 2,028,096 = 14,842,676 total emissions from sites in CO2 equivalent tons
14,842,676 / 7 = 2,120,382.29 average emissions from sites in CO2 equivalent tons
5,772,350 + 15,093,758 + 15,300,489 + 15,110,014 + 16,483,902 + 15,323,383 + 17,834,405 = 100,918,301 total emissions from product usage in CO2 equivalent tons
100,918,301 / 7 = 14,416,900.1 average emissions from product usage in CO2 equivalent tons
2,120,382.29 + 14,416,900.1 = 16,537,282.4 total annual carbon footprint of Sony Corporation in CO2 equivalent tons
Dell’s Carbon Footprint
Dell, Inc. has a smaller carbon footprint because the amount of data available on the different processes that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions is less than Sony Corporation. The carbon footprint of Dell, Inc. is based solely on the CO2 emissions of Dell Notebooks and Dell Optiplex’s. In order to calculate the carbon footprint of Dell, Inc., we added the annual CO2 emissions of Dell Notebooks and Dell Optiplex’s found off of Dell’s 2006 Sustainability Report. This may or may not have had logistics, site emissions, and other factors calculated into it. Thus, while it is not a completely accurate display of Dell’s carbon footprint, it does provide some insight on what the actual total carbon footprint would be.
approx. 1,000,000 + approx. 3,000,000 = approx. 4,000,000 total emissions of Dell Notebooks and Dell Optiplex’s of Dell, Inc. in CO2 equivalent tons
Dell Optiplex Dell Notebook
Comparing the Two Companies
Statistically, the “carbon footprints” of these two companies cannot be compared because Dell, Inc. only provided data for a few products rather than its entire incorporation as a whole. However, we can take the total emissions of Dell Notebooks and Dell Optiplex’s in CO2 equivalent tons and compare it roughly to the average CO2 tons equivalent emissions of Sony’s Information Technology and Professional Use product usage, assuming that these emissions are produced only by Sony computers. First, we added the IT and Professional Use emissions of each year from years 2000 to 2006. Then, we took the sum of all of these totals and took the average. The obtained number is the average that we can use to compare with the emissions of Dell Notebook and Dell Optiplex.
1,076,746 + 1,003,797 + 681,222 + 639,536 + 672,921 + 725,646 + 1,443,230 = 6,243,098 total emissions of Sony’s IT and Professional Use in CO2 equivalent tons
6,243,098 / 7 = 891,871.143 average emissions of Sony from IT and Professional Use in CO2 equivalent tons
The difference in tons of CO2 equivalent between Sony and Dell is large, and thus presents the large inaccuracy of this calculation. Therefore, the carbon footprints of Sony Corporation and Dell, Inc. cannot be accurately compared. However, the data does accurately show the carbon footprint of Sony, and it provides data on the CO2 emissions of Dell Notebooks and Dell Optiplex’s.


A study of the effects of acid rain on rain forests
2 acid rain is a complex environmental problem which affects the united states and many other countries around the world the united states environmental. Acid rain is any type of precipitation with acidic components that falls to the ground from the atmosphere effects of acid rain acid rain damage is not limited to forests and aquatic ecosystems. Effects of acid rain on forests acid rain does not usually kill trees directly instead, it is more likely to weaken trees by: damaging their leaves. Scandinavian moan- acid rain acid rain has damaging effects on the environment and commons in these countries, particularly people who live around lakes, streams and forests that depend on these natural recourses as a means of livelihood. Acid rain research paper what is acid the effects of acid rain on plant growth purpose the purpose of this experiment was to • acid rain may remove soil nutrients such as calcium and magnesium from soils in high elevation forests, etc acid rain acid rain describes any form of. References environmental protection agency: effects of acid rain -- forests elmhurst college: acid rain effects on forests upper midwest aerospace consortium: acid rain. A study was done in the netherlands about the exact effects of acid rain on a given habitat effects of acid rain - forests suny plattsburgh university: franco, atanacia acid rain effects on plants & animals sciencing.
Acid rain: scourge of the past or trend of the present new connection between climate change and acidification of northeast's forests and streams researchers at hubbard brook have continued to study the effects of acid rain on forest growth and on soil and stream chemistry. Response of soil respiration to acid rain in forests of different maturity in southern china guohua liang1,2, xingzhao liu1,2 the depressed effects on both forests occurred mostly due to the nature of this field study. The effect of acid rain on marigold plants we need to study its effect so that we can inform the publicwe can then promote actions to stop acid rain, including education, conserving energy effects of acid rain - forestson-line. Overview of the effects of acid rain on ecosystems, plant life, wildlife and man-made structures many forests, streams, and lakes the soil is thin and lacks the ability to adequately neutralize the acid in the rain water.
Acid rain: effects & causes areas that burn a lot of coal, like ohio, have caused forests in the mountains of places like north carolina and vermont to die off acid precipitation: definition, causes & effects related study materials related recently updated popular. Acid rain effects acid rain is rain that contains nitric and sulfuric acid snow and fog can also contain nitric and sulfuric acid, and the dangerous effects are the same whether the acid is falling to the earth by rain or snow, or dancing in the air via fog. The environmental defense fund's ability to reduce acid rain shows how it's possible to cut pollution cost-effectively case study: acid rain how dioxide pollution - mostly from coal-fired power plants - was causing acid rain and snow, killing aquatic life and forests. Sleet snow 2 effects of simulated sulfuric acid rain on an analysis of the issue of famine in the african continent grain the effects of acid rain simulants on crop a study of the effects of acid rain on rain forests answer to a study of understanding the different causes and effects of psychology the effects of acid rain on trees in the.
Acid rain-the major cause of pollution: its causes, effects 55 co2 + h2o h2co3 study of the acid rain issue under the acid precipitation act of 1980 the purpose of the study was to inform public policy by providing information on: 1. After a 10 year acid rain study scientists are not sure what the cumulative effect of years of acid rain will be environmental problems are also resulting from the destruction of huge areas of forests in the amazon of south america and places like indonesia. Europe's forests fall to acid rain by produce acid rain are needed to stem 'huge economic losses' iiasa's five-year study is the first to quantify the effects of acid rain on forests across europe if emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides. Introduction now considered a priority concern by chinese environmental agencies, acid rain poses a threat to the environment, ecological systems, forests, and humans, with cost estimates varying from $1-32 us billion (larssen et al 2006.
The effects of acid rain can be seen in many areas there can be damage from acid rain forests in high mountain regions receive additional acid from the acidic clouds and fog that when leaves are frequently bathed in this acid fog, their protective waxy coating can. The causes of acid rain, how acid rain affects our environment and our health, and what regulatory actions have been put in place to reduce the pollutants that cause acid rain.
A study of the effects of acid rain on rain forests
Introduction acid rain is a general name for many phenomena including acid there can be damage from acid rain forests in high mountain regions receive additional acid from the acidic clouds and fog that often one of the main components of acid rain, has direct effects on vegetation. Acid rain causes, effects, and control j laurence kulp concern in the scientific community about in fact, in the case of crops and forests, nitric acid generally provides beneficial fertilization therefore, the primary target in reducing the acidity. Learn more about what causes acid rain and what the effects are examining the impact of acid rain forests and wildlife worldwide by marc lallanilla updated 05/14/17 share though much has been done to reduce the impact of acid rain.
- A new study suggests that the damaging effects of acid rain appear far sooner than scientists knew and threaten the future productivity of forests by quietly dissolving their food reserves in the soil.
- British acid rain is good for norway's trees, says a norwegian scientific study the department for environment food and rural affairs said it was surprised to hear about the norwegian study's findings effects of acid rain in forests - us environmental protection agency in sweden.
- Acid rain effects on forests related resources • background • acid rain & cars • acid rain & forests • acid rain & health • acid rain & water • acid rain in europe • acid rain in us • acid rain study over the years, scientists a result of these effects of acid rain in.
- An overview of acid rain and its history, causes effects of acid rain damage to forests by acid rain is seen all over the world, but the most advanced cases are in eastern europe it's estimated that in germany and poland.
Acid rain and our ecosystem began collecting and testing the ph of rainwater in new hampshire's white mountains as part of an ecosystem study although some effects of acid rain are lingering, most scientists consider it an environmental success story. Researchers study acid rain to learn about how it affects the environment and people forests a cid rain removes minerals and nutrients from soil that trees need to grow and stream water to better understand the effects of acid rain on the environment samples may be analyzed. A 20-year-long study by scientists at michigan technological university school on the hardwood forests of michigan found that acid rain the increased growth rate and greater ability of trees to store carbon dioxide may offset some of the negative effects of acid rain on forests. Acid deposition is a general term that includes more than simply acid rain acid deposition primarily results from these areas receive about twice the level of acid rain that forests can tolerate are these effects reversible acid rain has caused severe depletion of nutrients.


The behaviour of CFCs is dependent on both the wavelength of radiation as well as position of the molecule in the atmosphere. In this visualization the user can investigate the various interaction modes of a CFC molecule with electromagnetic radiation across the entire spectrum. The molecule can be rotated in 3D to better view the vibration induced by interaction with light.
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Understanding the structure of the atmosphere is critical in understanding where and how global warming occurs. This visualization illustrates the major layers in the atmosphere and identifies a number of key characteristics and defining attributes of each layer.
Greenhouse gases produce spectral features in the infrared portion of the spectrum. One area of concern is the rapidly closing "IR window" -a phenomenon which occurs because different greenhouse gases absorb in different parts of the IR window. This has potentially serious consequences for global warming. The applet shows how the IR signatures of a number of greenhouse gases collectively "close" the window.
This is a large applet that introduces the user to the fascinating and complex world of ice-core analysis. Please be patient - download will take a few moments.
VISUALIZING GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
The following applets show results of global climate models and suggest life-style and geopolitical actions that can be taken.
This is an interactive visualization of global climate parameters based on a model generated using Columbia University's EdGCM modeling program. The applet allows the user to compare annual surface temperatures and other climate variables at different locations on the earth for the period 1950 - 2100. It is based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios.
CLIMATE CHANGE QUESTIONNAIRE
This is an interactive questionnaire that asks students to make a number of life-style choices. The outcome of their choices then determine which IPCC scenario most closely fits these choices. The student will then be invited to explore this choice using an applet very similar to the global climate change applet shown above. Run Applet
ARCTIC ICE COVER
Discover the historical trends of arctic ice cover as you approximate the surface area of ice covered in the far north. Run Applet
HISTORIC CLIMATE TRENDS
See the changing trends of temperature, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide over hundreds of thousands of years as recorded from careful studies of ice core samples.
Learn all about scientific models, climate models, IPCC scenarios and storylines in this interactive tour. Run Applet
This applet models the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and average surface ocean pH.
Learn all about carbon fluxes and reservoir stocks in this interactive demonstration of the global carbon cycle.
COLLISIONAL HEATING IN THE ATMOSPHERE
This animation illustrates the absorption of infrared radiation by CO2 in the troposphere and the collisional loss of this absorbed energy to surrounding N2 and O2 molecules. In this animation the user can sweep through a region of the IR spectrum and excite some of the vibrational modes of CO2. A simple (purely qualitative) thermometer illustrates the rise in temperature of the gas as collisional de-excitation occurs.
GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE FOOTPRINT AND MODEL
The CO2 footprint model is a geopolitical treatment of the problem of global increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases. The user can adjust the per capita emissions from various regions of the globe and then run a 7-box model of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere over the next 150 years. In this model a 7-way interaction between biosphere, atmosphere, mid-ocean and deep-ocean is calculated. This will help underscore the need to understand CO2 and other greenhouse gases as long-term issues.
CARBON STABILIZATION WEDGES
Reduction of anthropogenic carbon emission into the atmosphere is one of the present day's greatest challenges. This applet, extending the Princeton Carbon Stabilization Wedges approach provides the user with a mosaic of possible mitigation strategies to reduce CO2 emission to, hopefully, a globally safe level.
PLANETARY CLIMATES: A DELICATE BALANCE
Climate is regulated by the delicate balance of incoming and outgoing electromagnetic radiation. This applet first explores the climatic condition of various planets, focusing on Mars, Venus, and Earth. The second portion of this applet, the "Build a Planet" simulator, allows a user to alter the four factors that regulate climate: albedo, greenhouse effect, distance from the sun, and surface temperature.


The Weather and Illumination Database (WILD) is an extensive database of high quality images of an outdoor urban scene, acquired every hour over all seasons. It includes images of the scene taken under a variety of weather and illumination conditions. Each image is tagged with useful ground truth information regarding atmospheric conditions, scene distances and ephemeric data. This website showcases and distributes WILD. The WILD database consists of high quality (1520 x 1008 pixels, 12 bits per pixel) calibrated color (RGB) images of an outdoor scene captured every hour for over 6 months. The data collection is ongoing and we plan to acquire images for one year. The dataset covers a wide range of daylight and night illumination conditions, weather conditions and all 4 seasons. This webpage describes in detail the image acquisition and sensor calibration procedures. The images are tagged with a variety of ground truth data such as atmospheric conditions (weather, visibility, sky condition, humidity, temperature) and approximate scene depths.


“Peleoclimatic Consequences of Dr. Miskolczi’s Greenhouse Theory”
The Heartland Institute’s First International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC-1) took place in March 2008 in New York City.
One hundred speakers and panelists came from 26 countries to prove that leading scientists and economists from around the world dispute the claim that global warming is a crisis. More than 500 people attended the conference, which generated global press attention.
Dr. Zagoni, physicist and science historian at Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest presented “Peleoclimatic Consequences of Dr. Miskolczi’s Greenhouse Theory”
Click here for more information and presentations by Dr. Miklos Zagoni.


The major threat for the human society is our planet’s dramatic change in the climate. Every environmentalist identified that one of the greatest challenge of 21st century is nothing but these climate changes only. Change in Earth’s climate condition caused due to the greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Internet of things enabled devices helps in detecting such gaseous presence in the atmosphere with the help of smart sensors.
Unwanted energy usages and wastage is a factor leading these changes in ozone layer through high CO2 emission. Preventing unwanted consumption is the key to save our planet from this major problem.
Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in preventing such energy waste by detecting the unwanted usage and prevent by shutting off the channels. The next generation Cognitive IOT are not just sensors, but also with cognitive intelligence through Machine Learning techniques to proactively predict the usage level and waste.
With advancement electro-mechanical instruments, adding additional capabilities at the device level to automate the shutoff to prevent energy wastage. Hence, Technological advancement leading to Internet of things and smart sensors enabling in monitoring, controlling, and preserve the climate conditions
If you want to learn more about this features, please write to us firstname.lastname@example.org


Climate change is a serious threat to our planet and its inhabitants. It is already causing more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and mass extinctions. If we do not take action to mitigate climate change, the consequences will be even more severe.
Spread- A collage of causes that conveys how you give. The size of the images directly reflect the amount of giving.
Adopt- Like this Spread? Simply adopt it to reuse it in the future. You can still edit and add other organizations to it if you'd like.


Ozone exists in the natural world and purifies air.
The MXAP-AE400 ozone anti-bacterial deodorizer decomposes bacteria, viruses, and odor sources utilizing the powerful
oxidizability of ozone.
It has three ozone generating modes that cover a wide range of spaces. In AUTO mode, it uses an odor sensor to detect
odors and automatically generates a controlled amount of ozone to provide a comfortable space.
It provides a comfortable atmosphere in large areas where there are many people, such as medical and nursing facilities,
hotels, offices, hospital waiting rooms, etc.


BMP180 Barometric Pressure Sensor
BMP180 is a next-generation sensor that performs a wide variety of functions, including working as an altimeter. It provides high-precision reading and runs with its proprietary firmware or software for a more convenient digital use.
What Is Barometric Pressure?
Another term for barometric pressure is atmospheric pressure. Its primary role is to determine and record changes in air pressure in the atmosphere. Although air is unseen, it has some weight, which can fluctuate depending on surrounding factors such as temperature and altitude.
When the temperature is high, like during summer, the air becomes lighter. The opposite happens when the temperature falls, especially during winter. The air is much heavier or denser. As for the effects of altitude, the higher it is, the thinner the air becomes as the number of its molecules decreases. Thus, the air near the sea level or ground is heavier.
How BMP180 Pressure Sensor Works
BMP180 comes with a sensor that is piezoresistive, which means it is equipped with a sensitive semiconductor, like silicon. The material’s resistance changes as the pressure in the air fluctuate.
Because of the way the barometric pressure sensor works, BMP180 can also “read” and is responsive to changes in temperature.
In fact, BMP180 may provide temperature data first, which users can then read or take note of. Then it proceeds to measure changes in air pressure. The information is uncompensated, which implies that the output has not been corrected for errors in resistance.
Meanwhile, the sensor may act as an altimeter that gives users a general idea of the altitude they are in and the quality of air present.
The unit of measurement for barometric pressure is a Pascal, which is equivalent to 1 Newton of force per square meter. BPM180 gives its readings as Pascal but depending on the software used, the data may also be presented as hectoPascals (hPa). That is 1 millibar or 100 Pascals.
Applications of BMP180
BMP180 sensors can be useful in the following scenarios:
- Determine and forecast weather patterns
- Predict or plan the best time to grow particular crops
- Navigate indoors, especially places in higher altitudes
- Improve the performance of GPS and sports devices by equipping them with barometers and altimeters
- Indicate vertical velocity
- Guide aerial activity such as drone flying
- Enhance the productivity and efficiency of pressure-dependent machines or equipment


The weather other than the first stage has been very bad at times. Scattered heavy to medium rain showers with temperatures in the low to high 50’s coupled with occasional winds of 21 MPH have plagued us Peregrinos. There is nothing to be done about it so we just grin and bear it. It’s part of the ways of the Camino, we go forward no matter what!
The Province of Navarra is still beautiful even though in the month of May they have only had 8 days without rain. There are breaks in the weather and sometimes the sun comes out for a minute or ten if we are lucky before going back to clouds and rain.
PLEASE, PLEASE SEND ME SOME CALIFORNIA SUN!!


What is the
The Climate Fresk is a 3-hour interactive workshop that teaches you about our changing climate system and empowers you to take high-impact climate action.
The workshop guides you through the findings of reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global authority on climate science.
It was designed by climate educator Cédric Ringenbach in 2018 to help make the latest IPCC report more accessible.
Participants walk away with a deeper understanding of our climate, a stronger connection to the social issues of climate change, and clear ideas about how they can make a difference.


Will today's children be much more affected by climate change than people born around the middle of the 20th century? According to a climatologist, the answer is yes. Newborns in 2020 could experience seven times more extreme heat waves in their lifetime than people born in 1960.
Thirty extreme heat waves during the lifetime of newborns in 2020. This number may obviously seem enormous. Nevertheless, European and Chinese researchers led by climatologist Wim Thiery of Vrije University (Belgium) have confidence in their report published in the journal Science October 8, 2021. Babies born from 2020 will therefore be seven times more exposed to extreme heat events than humans born around 1960.
For the authors of the report, this significant gap is directly related to global GHG emissions . In addition, the researchers took into account in their estimates the promises that the various countries made at the various annual UN Climate Conferences (COP). However, considering the current commitments of the states, the average temperature of the Earth is still expected to increase by 2.7°C by 2100.
The report quantified the exposure of younger generations to various extreme weather events. Thus, scientists estimate that children born in 2020 will experience twice as many fires and 2.8 times more floods (of rivers) than people born in the 1960s. drought (x2, 6), crop failure (x3), and of course extreme heat waves (x7).
This increase in the risk of extreme heat waves is only an average. Indeed, everything depends on the geographical location of the place of residence. For example, children living in the Middle East could experience ten times more extreme heat waves than their grandparents. According to the authors of the report, this generational disparity would not fade, even in the case of more drastic measures to reduce these GHG emissions leading to an increase in temperatures of only 1.5°C instead of 2.7°C. currently planned.
Finally, the scientists believe that their study comes at an important time. The latter want their results to be discussed at the next COP26 which will take place from October 31 to November 12, 2021 in Glasgow (Scotland). Undoubtedly, the latest IPCC report of August 2021 should also be at the heart of the discussions.


Lightning Storm Survival FAQ (plus lots of quirky info)
How to survive a lightning storm
First, turn off all your electrical gadgets like your cell phones and your GPS.
Second, make sure that you don’t have any metal on your body including a backpack or in any of your items.
Third, look for a shelter. Reduce your elevation and get down to lower areas as quickly and safely as possible. Don’t take shelter near trees. Instead try to find a cave or a low-lying area, something that’s out of the wind and unlikely to be hit by the lightning bolt.
Fourth, crouch down like a catcher on the balls of your feet, with your heels touching. If that position is too difficult to maintain for half an hour, you might want to place your knees or your hands on the ground for stability, but don’t lie down flat because then the electricity from a nearby lightning strike may travel throughout your whole body.
What was the worst lightning storm ever
The most deadly lightning strike occurred in 1975 in Zimbabwe. 21 people were killed when lightning struck a hut.
The most deadly indirect lightning strike occurred in 1994 and killed almost 500 people. It seems that a severe thunderstorm created a flash flood, then lightning struck some oil storage tanks and allowed thousands of tons of aircraft fuel to pour into the river which flooded a village and then finally, lightning struck the aircraft fuel and burned up a lot of people in the village.
The longest lightning bolt ever recorded was about 200 miles long over Oklahoma. It lasted over 5.7 seconds and went from the clouds to the ground at several different points. That means that the lightning traveled at about 126,000 mph! That’s what they call a bolt from the blue. While that’s incredible, the speed of light is 5000 times faster at 670,616,629 mph.
How is a lightning storm dangerous
Estimates for death in the world due to lightning range from 6,000 a year to 24,000 with 10 times that number injured. The United States has averaged 51 lightning strike deaths over the past 20 years, making it second the deadliest form of natural disaster just behind floods. About 10% of the people who are struck by lightning will die. And of those who survive, perhaps 80% will receive long-term damage or long-term injuries. Not only are people damaged directly by the electricity of the lightning strike, they are also injured when they are thrown by the lightning when it hits. This is called blunt force trauma. Also, a Shockwave can hit you and can create hearing damage.
How does a lightning storm form
A lightning storm forms inside clouds as small pieces of ice collide together and begin to build up an electric charge. Over time the whole Cloud becomes filled with either positive or negative charges. The top of the cloud can take one sign of the charge and the bottom of the cloud takes the opposite side of the charge. The charges on the bottom of the cloud look for something on the ground to release their energy; sometimes the charges will be released to another cloud and other times it’ll be released directly onto the ground.
What to avoid during a lightning storm
Number one: don’t go outside. You might stay inside for a few hours during a lightning storm. Secondly, if you’re outside, stay away from Open Fields or hilltops because that’s where the lightning tends to strike: the tallest objects in an area and that could be you. Thirdly stay away from the water don’t be swimming, don’t be playing any water sports, and stay away from the wet ground which is hard to do when you’re in the middle of a raining thunderstorm. Also, don’t stand near trees. Fourthly stay away from metal objects like fences or pipes. Those are things you want to avoid. Likewise, don’t ride a bicycle or motorcycle during a thunderstorm.
If you’re inside, stay away from any anything that conducts electricity; stay away from electrical wiring, stay away from Plumbing, and unplug all your electronic devices. Think to yourself, if it uses electricity, then it’s going to be very easy for lightning to transfer to you from the house, through the house wiring and into you. Don’t talk on a landline phone. Don’t take a shower or bath. Don’t do the dishes, don’t stand near a window.
Lightning storm myths
It’s a myth that lightning doesn’t strike in the same place. For example, the Empire State Building gets hit from 25 to 200 times a year; even twice in the same day.
Another myth is that lightning only happens when it’s raining. Lightning can come even when the sun is out because lightning bolts can come in front of a storm and can also come out behind a storm. Lightning can hit as far away as 3 miles outside of a thunderstorm.
It’s a myth that you can count to 10 or count to 30 and try to guess how far I’ll thunderstorm is or how far away lightning strike is. These situations are far too variable to create a rule to follow. The Only Rule is you’re not safe when you’re Outdoors. When you see a lightning storm get inside as fast as possible.
While it’s true that a car can protect you from lightning the tires themselves they don’t do anything for you; that is a myth. It’s the metal that surrounds your car that protects you.
Also, you’re not completely safe when you are indoors. Lightning can strike your house and the electricity can come through your own electric wires and shock you or create a fire. Lightning can also go through windows and strike you.
It’s a myth that people can carry an electrical charge. If someone is struck by lightning, you are an absolutely no danger if you render assistance to them. Lightning can’t be stored up in the human body and then shock someone else.
Finally, Lying on the ground won’t protect you from being struck by lightning, neither will crouching but crouching might limit the damage that the lightning does to your body.
Lightning storm home safety
One, avoid the water, don’t take a bath, don’t take a shower, don’t wash the dishes, in general, don’t be close to the water during a lightning storm. Second, stay away from electrical equipment, computers, laptops, Nintendo games, and even your refrigerator. Anything that’s connected to an electrical outlet can be an Avenue for lightning to strike you. Third, stay away from your landline telephone; the cord is connected electrically to your house wiring, thus lightning can come through the house to your cord as while you’re talking on your landline phone. Fourth, stay away from the windows and the doors, stay away from anything that can allow access to lightning even concrete floors which may have metal rebar in them.
Can you shower/take a bath during a lightning storm
No, absolutely not. Stay away from all water and all metal while facing a lightning storm. See the answer above for the reason why.
Can I run my air conditioner during a Lightning storm
No. Do not run your air conditioner during a lightning storm. Unplug it and stay away from it. It’s dangerous in part because it’s metal and it’s connected to the outside of your house so that it’s very easy for lightning to strike your air conditioner and then pass through into the house.
Can a Lightning storm affect my home electronic devices
If lightning hits your house it can easily destroy anything that’s connected to a wall socket, that’s why we tell people to disconnect All Your Electrical devices during a storm. If lightning does hit your house and it does come through the lines, anything that is plugged in is probably going to be ruined. Possibly, it could explode and or catch fire and damage you.
Can I use an umbrella during a lightning storm
There are two dangers to using an umbrella during a lightning storm. The first danger is that an umbrella is higher than you so you are increasing the odds of lightning striking, as it refers to hit the highest objects. The second danger is that most umbrellas have metal in them and lightning often hits metal and then travels to you. Just get inside as soon as possible.
What to do when a Lightning storm comes while I am at the golf course
Every year many golfers are hit by lightning strikes because they get caught on the golf course and they’re unable to get to safety inside. Also, golf courses are a lot like Open Fields, where you are the tallest thing on the course, so lightning has an excellent chance to hit you. Also, the ground is often wet because of the rain, and so a lightning strike that hits a hundred feet away can transfer electricity across the wet ground a hundred feet and strike you. So the best thing you can do is get inside as fast as possible. If you can’t do, that try the Crouch down like a baseball catcher, so that you’re not the highest thing, and if lightning does strike you it will do less damage.
Is a car a safe place during a Lightning storm
You are pretty safe when you’re in a car during a lightning storm. However, it’s not a good idea to keep driving during any storm. The best thing to do is pull off to the side of the road and wait for the storm to pass. Lightning Strikes on a car should just pass through the metal and then transfer onto the ground, but don’t touch anything metal while you’re in the car. Also, keep your windows closed.
Can you swim during a lightning storm
Are you crazy? Swimming is considered one of the most dangerous things you can do during a lightning storm because water conducts electricity. And while your head is out of the water your head is one of the highest things in the water, so lightning could be attracted to you. Even if lightning just strikes near you-you’re going to feel the full shock and sound blast, which could disorient or leave you injured so that you can no longer swim, and so you drowned.
What to do in a lightning storm on a boat
The odds of your boat getting hit by lightning or about 1 in 1000. In other words, lightning hits about one out of every thousand boats every year. Most boats try to outrun the storm; however, sometimes that doesn’t work out. If you want to protect yourself from lightning when you’re in a boat, go inside the boat in the cockpit and stay away from anything metal or electrical. Try to disconnect everything that’s electrical. Hopefully, you have already shielded anything that you absolutely must have to run your boat.
What about a lightning storm at the beach
Get off the beach and get indoors as soon as possible; you want to stay away from the water which easily conducts electricity and you don’t want to be the tallest thing in the area where lightning is likely to hit you. You want to seek cover indoors or perhaps even between two rocks, but a hiding under a table will not protect you: you need to be fully enclosed.
What to do in a lightning storm while hiking
You want to crouch down like a baseball catcher and minimize the size of your body. Only let your feet touch the ground and try to have your feet heels touch each other so if lightning strikes you it’ll go from one foot to the other and not create a kind of circuit throughout your whole body. You really want to avoid having electricity going through your heart and brain.
What to do during a Lightning storm in a forest
Try to seek shelter in a cabin, a shelter, or perhaps in a cave. Also, a better place is the low point in the Terrain, such as a valley or a small depression. But don’t try to find shelter at the top of the mountain or anyplace is exposed. Avoid sheltering under a picnic table or the tallest object in your area such as a Lone Tree. Even being near the front of a cave could be a dangerous place for lightning. Make sure that you don’t have any metal touching your body and remove your metal jewelry. Even metal-reinforced clothes such an underwire bra or the zipper of your pants could be dangerous. Every piece of metal increases the odds of you being hurt by the lightning. And if you’re in a group, you should spread out so that if lightning hits one person the others will be uninjured and can assist the one who is hurt.
What to do in a lightning storm in a tent or hammock
If you are in a tent, just lie down on something dry and wait out the storm. Even if you are in a bad location, experts say, just stay where you are. A hammock, on the other hand, is too close to trees and lightning may choose to go through you (from head to toe) when going from a tree to another object. So, get out of the hammock and crouch down like any hiker.
What smell follows a lightning storm
Before a storm hits often people can smell something unusual. This is ozone which is created up in the thunderstorm cloud and the winds blow this ozone down to the ground. When you can smell this ozone, you know that is Storm is Coming. There’s a second smell during a heavy rain which is called petrichor, which comes from the words “Stone” and “divine blood” in Greek. This pleasant, earthy smell is created when rainwater hits soil and rocks and causes a chemical reaction. The smell after a rain is called geosmin, Which literally means ”earth small” Obviously it has an earthy smell and is caused by rainwater activating the bacteria in the soil.
Can lightning strike without a storm
Yes, lightning can strike several miles from the storm; either before the storm or after the storm passes’ so you could be miles from a storm and not even see it in the sky when lightning strikes in your area.
Can there be a lightning storm without rain
Yes, there can be a lightning storm Without Rain. Actually, the clouds are producing rain, but the rain evaporates before it reaches the Earth. When lightning without rain reaches the Earth, that’s called a dry lightning. This often happens when the clouds are very high in the atmosphere. This situation is very dangerous because many people don’t recognize they are facing a thunderstorm. Also, this kind of dry lightning can easily create wildfires, because the ground remains dry and plants more easily burn.
Can there be a Lightning storm without sound (thunder)
Thunder is created by lightning rapidly passing through the atmosphere, but you can only hear it a certain distance away perhaps 10 to 15 miles. So you may see lightning in the sky that is farther than 10 miles away, but you will not hear it.
How long does lightning storm last
A lightning storm lasts between a half hour to one hour. That’s a relatively short time. But remember lightning can be released both before the storm arrives and after it leaves, so play it safe and stay inside an extra 30 minutes before and after a thunderstorm.
Is an airplane a safe place during a Lightning storm
Airplanes are often hit by lightning bolts and often at the edges, such as a wing tip or the nose of the plane. But just as a car is protected by a kind of Faraday cage, so are airplanes. Thus the lightning will pass across the airplane’s metal surface and then continue out into the atmosphere. Often going from Wing to Wing or from nose to tail. It seems that most planes are hit by lightning with no damage but occasionally there is some damage to the electrical systems. The people in large passenger planes though should be completely safe. Also, the fuel tanks are protected, so lightning has almost no chance of lightning blowing up your plane. Try not to think about that. However, if you’re in a small, light aircraft you’re in more danger. People have been killed when smaller airplanes were struck by lightning and the plane subsequently crashed.
Can you have a Lightning storm in space
In deep space, lightning cannot happen without an atmosphere because lightning needs a way to carry itself. Also, it needs some kind of air to generate the positive and negative electrons. Any planet with an atmosphere could have lighting and possibly a dense nebula could. But deep space is mostly empty, so no lightning.
Can you have a Lightning storm with snow
Yes there can be lightning with snow effect is called thundersnow; you could also have thunder sleet. This is a relatively rare phenomenon because thunderstorms usually happened in the summer but they can’ rarely happen during the weather during a blizzard or a snowstorm.
Are there Lightning storms on Jupiter
Jupiter has lots of storms because it’s so large with an enormous atmosphere. Jupiter also has lightning strikes; they are created much the way they’re created by the atmosphere of the earth: charged particles create long lightning bolts which we can see Bounce from Cloud to Cloud.
Can you have a Lightning storm over a volcano
We have known for thousands of years that volcanoes can create their own lightning which is independent of the atmosphere in the clouds. Sometimes this is called a dirty thunderstorm or can be called a thunder volcano. Doesn’t that sound cool! It seems that as the particles are injected out of the volcano they form a plume and ash cloud where they become electrically charged by rubbing up against each other. Then they begin to emit lightning from within that ash cloud and later they can also emit lightning from the plume that follows after the eruption.
What is the eternal Venezuela lightning storm
In Venezuela, there is a place called Catatumbo which has the most lightning in the world. Over and around Lake Maracaibo, there is lightning on average every other day, often lasting for 10 hours. It has been this way for hundreds of years.
Thanks, share your opinions below.


Temperatures will be comfortable with short sleeves and shorts appropriate during the day and a small chance need for long pants at night. Water temperatures will vary depending on your location, but should range from 75 to 82F. 4. Re: Weather in late March early April. Web.
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☼ Key West Florida United States 15 Day Weather Forecast. Today Key West Florida United States: Sunny with a temperature of 26°C and a wind North-East speed of 19 Km/h. The humidity will be 71% and there will be 0.0 mm of precipitation. Web. Web. Daily Happenings Police reports. August 30, 2022. West Virginia State Police Arrested: Joshua C. Charlton, 43, 83 Parks Addition, Wellsburg ... Read 1955-1977 Weirton Daily Times Newspaper Archives from Weirton, West-Virginia.
Average April daytime temperature in Key West is +79 °F, night +75 °F. This data was obtained from our Key West weather archive. Cloudy clear - 24 days Overcast - 6 days Wind average wind speed is 11.2 mph Pressure 30 inHg Precipitation rain / snow / hail - 0 days. Web. Web.
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Daily Happenings Police reports. August 30, 2022. West Virginia State Police Arrested: Joshua C. Charlton, 43, 83 Parks Addition, Wellsburg ... Read 1955-1977 Weirton Daily Times Newspaper Archives from Weirton, West-Virginia.
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Web. April is in the spring in Key West and is typically the 6th coldest month of the year. Daytime maximum temperatures average around 28°C (82°F), whilst at night 21°C (70°F) is normal. On average April is the 3rd driest month of the year in Key West with around 46mm of rain making it a reasonably dry time to visit. Web. Web.
In the month of april, maximum temperature is 79°F and minimum temperature is 70°F (for an average temperature of 76°F). The climate is pleasant in that area in the month of april. With barely 1.7in over 3 days, rainfall is infrequent for your journey. With a good climate, the month of april is a good time to go in that area in Florida. .
Re: Key West Weather in April-May 9 years ago Save By mid-May the water is usually nice and warm, but there can be occasional thunderstorms. They seemed to be mainly in Miami and The Upper Keys last year. Down in Key West they were very scattered and when out on the boats we actually sailed around them one evening.
Web. In Key West, the average high-temperature in April is relatively the same as in March - a still moderately hot 77.4°F (25.2°C). In April, in Key West, the average low-temperature is 74.8°F (23.8°C). Humidity In April, the average relative humidity in Key West is 77%. Rainfall.
Average April daytime temperature in Key West is +79 °F, night +75 °F. This data was obtained from our Key West weather archive. Cloudy clear - 24 days Overcast - 6 days Wind average wind speed is 11.2 mph Pressure 30 inHg Precipitation rain / snow / hail - 0 days.
In the month of april, maximum temperature is 79°F and minimum temperature is 70°F (for an average temperature of 76°F). The climate is pleasant in that area in the month of april. With barely 1.7in over 3 days, rainfall is infrequent for your journey. With a good climate, the month of april is a good time to go in that area in Florida.
April brings an average high temperature of 81°F (27°C) as spring continues in Key West. Low temperature averages are 72°F (22°C). In May, the last month of spring, the temperatures jump up with the average high and average low temperatures ranging between 85°F (29°C) and 76°F (24°C).
Web. Web. Web. According to the updated guidelines issued on April 27, 2021 from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ( CMS ), nursing homes are to follow CDC guidance when making determination about individual or facility -wide visitation. Nursing homes should . not make their own rules or follow guidelines > from third parties—.
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Web. The average minimum temperature (usually the minimum temperature is noted during the night) in Miami in April is 21.0°C (69.8°F). The amount of rain in April is normal with an average of 86mm (3.4in). It rains on average a total of 7 days. The average maximum daytime temperature lies around 28.8°C (83.84°F). If you enjoy looking at a blue.
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Past Weather in Key West, Florida, USA — Yesterday and Last 2 Weeks Time/General Weather Time Zone DST Changes Sun & Moon Weather Today Weather Hourly 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate (Averages) Currently: 75 °F. Passing clouds. (Weather station: Key West International Airport, USA). See more current weather Select month:. Web. Web.
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Many visitors are surprised to find that the island paradise of the Florida Keys does not have a lot of beaches. You see, Key West and the rest of the Florida Keys are coral islands - former reefs, created when the ocean was deeper and the region was submerged below the sea. Today, the ocean is shallower and the living coral reefs are six.
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Web. Web. Key West Weather April Averages, USA. Temperature 25 °C 77 °F. High Temperature 28 °C 82 °F. Low Temperature 22 °C 72 °F. Sunshine Hours 10 hours. Rainfall 70 mm. Rainfall Days 6 days. Sea Temperature 25 °C 77 °F. April. Web. Web.


Thailand's Climate by Region
- Temperature (celsius)
|North Thailand||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sunny Intervals||Sunny Intervals||Showers||Rain||Rain||Sunny Intervals||Sun||Sun|
|Central Thailand||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sunny Intervals||Sunny Intervals||Rain||Rain||Rain||Sun||Sun|
|South East Coast Thailand||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sun||Sunny Intervals||Rain||Rain||Rain||Rain|
|South West Coast Thailand||Sun||Sun||Sun||Rain||Rain||Rain||Rain||Rain||Rain||Rain||Sun||Sun|
|South East Coast Thailand||26||27||28||29||29||28||28||28||28||27||27||26|
|South West Coast Thailand||26||27||28||29||28||28||27||27||27||26||26||26|
The north of Thailand, including the region of Chiang Mai, stays mostly dry between November and April and it can get a little chilly in the evenings in December. So if you’re heading there at this time, it’s worth packing a few cosy layers. Most of the rain falls in August and September, and if you’re planning a trek or two, you can expect plenty of mud!
Bangkok and Central Thailand
Thailand’s capital, Bangkok is located in the central region of the country and is usually the starting point for most travellers. This region enjoys beautiful weather between November and February and can get seriously hot in March, April and May. Between August to October, there’s often a lot of rainfall which can lead to heavy flooding.
If you’re heading to the south and islands for a dose of tropical beach time during your trip, there are two seasons to be aware of; the wet season and the dry season. These seasons don’t run at the same time on both the East and West coast of Thailand so it’s worth knowing where to go when.
On the west coast the southwest monsoon brings rain and often heavy storms from April through to October, while on the east coast the most rain falls between September and December.


Hong Kong suspended categories, inventory marketplace buying and selling and executive services and products as a storm handed south of the town Wednesday.
Other folks make their method on an empty boulevard as Hurricane Kompasu passes in Hong Kong Wednesday. (AP)
Hong Kong government closed faculties on Tuesday and raised the 3rd best typhoon caution as a storm threatened the monetary hub for the second one time in not up to per week.
Other folks stand in opposition to Victoria Habour as Hurricane Kompasu passes in Hong Kong Wednesday. (AP)
The Hong Kong observatory raised the quantity 8 storm sign as serious tropical typhoon Kompasu moved southeast of the town within the South China Sea, with the sign anticipated to stay in pressure a minimum of sooner than dawn on Wednesday.
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Hong Kong’s monetary markets is not going to open on Wednesday if the storm sign stays at 8 or upper at 9 am (0100 GMT). Some flights and shipping services and products had been disrupted in Hong Kong with most wind speeds of over 100 km/h recorded.
Hong Kong suspended categories, inventory marketplace buying and selling and executive services and products because the storm handed south of the town Wednesday. (AP)
Heavy rain from Hurricane Kompasu may flood low-lying spaces and citizens must take precautions, the Hong Kong Observatory mentioned.
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The storm had sustained winds of 83 kilometers in step with hour (51 miles in step with hour) and gusts as much as 101 kilometers in step with hour (63 miles in step with hour).
The Hong Kong Observatory issued the quantity 8 typhoon sign, because the tropical typhoon Lionrock was once southwest of the regional monetary hub, which has a inhabitants of seven.5 million. (AP)
Winds had been anticipated to step by step weaken within the afternoon, the observatory mentioned.
The storm was once anticipated to transport around the northern portion of the South China Sea towards China’s southern island province of Hainan after which make landfall in northern Vietnam, the observatory mentioned.
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In front of our eyes green forests are blackened by fire, draughts turn grassy planes to brown semi-deserts, fertile fields are flooded by muddy water, white snow and ice melt to pale blue water and clear blue skies turn grey with aerosols.
The inhabitants of planet Earth are in the process of destroying the habitability of their world through the perpetration of the largest mass extinction of species since 66 million years ago when a large asteroid impacted Earth and 55 million years since the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) reaching +5 to +8°C. The late Holocene-Anthropocene climate change represents an unprecedented event, triggering a fast shift in climate zones and a series of extreme weather events, with consequences for much of nature and civilization. The changes are manifest where green forests are blackened by fire, draughts are turning grassy planes to brown semi-deserts, brilliant white snow and ice caps are melting into pale blue water and clear blue skies turn grey due to aerosols and jet contrails, most particularly in the northern hemisphere. Unless effective efforts are undertaken at CO2down-draw, the consequence would include demise of much of nature and a collapse of human civilization.
1. The scorched Earth
The transfer of hundreds of billions of tonnes of carbon from the Earth crust, the residues of ancient biospheres, to the atmosphere and oceans, condemning the bulk of life through the most extreme shift in the composition of the atmosphere and ocean Earth has experienced since 55 million years ago, with changes taking place in front of our eyes. Since the industrial revolution, about 375 billion tonnes of carbon (or 1,374 billion tonnes CO2) have been emitted by humans into the atmosphere. The consequences are everywhere, from mega-droughts, to heat waves, fires, storms and floods. With atmospheric CO2-equivalent rising above 500 ppm and mean temperatures by more than 1.5oC (Figure 1) look no further than the shift in climate zones, displayed for example on maps of the expanding wet tropical zones, drying sub-tropical latitudes and polar-ward migration of temperate climate zone. The ice sheets and sea ice are melting, huge fires overtake Siberia, the Sahara is shifting northward, large parts of southern Europe are suffering from draughts, heat waves and fires, the Kalahari Desert dunes are shifting and much of southern Australia is affected by warming and draughts. This is hardly compensated by a minor increase in precipitation and greening such as at the southern fringes of the Sahara Desert and parts of northern Australia.
Induced by anthropogenic carbon emissions reaching 37.1 billion tonnes CO2in 2018 and their amplifying feedbacks from land and oceans, ranging from where the US produces 16.5 tonnes CO2per capita per year, to 35.5 tonnes CO2 per capita per year from Saudi Arabia’s and 44 tons export per capita per year from Australia. The inexorable link between these emissions and the unfolding disaster is hardly mentioned by mainstream political classes and the media.
Figure 1(A) Growth of CO2-equivalent level and the annual greenhouse gas Index (AGGI). Measurements of CO2to the 1950s are from (Keeling et al., 1958) and air trapped in ice and snow above glaciers. Pre-1978 changes are based on ongoing measurements of all greenhouse gases. Equivalent CO2amounts (in ppm) are derived from the relationship between CO2concentrations and radiative forcing from all long lived gases; (B)showing how much warmer each month of the GISTEMP data is than the annual global mean. For July (2019) temperatures rose by about +1.5oC.
2. Migrating climate zones
As the globe warms, to date by a mean of near ~1.5oC, or ~2.0oC when the masking effects of sulphur dioxide and other aerosols are considered, and by a mean of ~2.3oC in the polar regions, the expansion of warm tropical latitudes and the pole-ward migration of subtropical and temperate climate zones (Figure 2) ensue in large scale draughts such as parts of inland Australia and southern Africa. A similar trend is taking place in the northern hemisphere where the Sahara desert is expanding northward, with consequent heat waves across the Mediterranean and Europe.
In southern Africa “Widespread shifts in climate regimesare projected, of which the southern and eastern expansion of the hot desert and hot steppe zones is most prominent. From occupying 33.1 and 19.4 % of southern Africa under present-day climate, respectively, these regions are projected to occupy between 47.3 and 59.7 % (hot desert zone) and 24.9 and 29.9 % (hot steppe zone) of the region in a future world where the mean global temperature has increased by ~3°C.
Closely linked to the migration of climate zones is the southward drift of Antarctic- sourced cold moist fronts which sustain seasonal rain in south-west and southern Australia. A feedback loop has developed where deforestation and decline in vegetation in southern parts of the continent result in the rise of thermal plumes of dry air masses that deflect the western moist fronts further to the southeast.
Figure 2. Köppen-Geiger global Climate zones classification map
Since 1979 the planet’s tropics have been expanding pole-ward by 56 km to 111 km per decade in both hemispheres, leading one commentator to call this Earth’s bulging waistline. Future climate projections suggest this expansion is likely to continue, driven largely by human activities – most notably emissions of greenhouse gases and black carbon, as well as warming in the lower atmosphere and the oceans.”
An analysis of the origin of Australian draughts suggests, according to both observations and climate models, that at least part of this decline is associated with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation, including shrinking polar ice and a pole-ward movement of polar-originated westerly wind spirals, as well as increasing atmospheric surface pressure and droughts over parts of southern Australia (Figure 3). Simulations of future climate with this model suggest amplified winter drying over most parts of southern Australia in the coming decades in response to changes in radiative forcing. The drying is most pronounced over southwest Australia, with total reductions in austral autumn and winter precipitation of approximately 40% by the late twenty-first century. Thus rainfall in southwestern Australia has declined sharply from about 1965 onward, concomitant with the sharp rise of global temperatures.
Figure 3(A) Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) draught map, showing rainfall levels for the southern wet season from April 1 to July 31 in 2019; (B) NASA satellite image displaying a southward deflection of Antarctic-sourced moist cold fronts from southern Australia, a result of (1) southward migration of climate zones; (2) increasing aridity of southern and southwestern Australia due to deforestation; (3) rising hot plumes from warming arid land..
3. Extreme weather events
The consequences of the migration of climate zones are compounded by changes in flow patterns of major river systems around the world, for example in southern an southeastern Asia, including the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong river basins, the home and bread basket for more than a billion people. With warming, as snow cover declines in the mountainous source regions of rivers, river flows are enhanced, with ensuing floods, in particular during the Monsoon. For example, in 2010 approximately one-fifth of Pakistan’s total land area was affected by floods (Figure 4A), directly affecting about 20 million people, with a death toll close to 2,000. And about 700 people in cyclone Isai in Mozambique (Figure 4B, C). Such changes in climate and geography are enhanced once sea level rise increases from the scale of tens of centimeters, as at present, to meters, as predicted to take place later this and next century.
An increasing frequency and intensity of cyclones constitute an inevitable consequence of rising temperatures over warm low pressure cell tracks in tropical oceans, already affecting large populations in the Caribbean and west Pacific island chains, encroaching into continental coastal zones, China, southeast USA, southeast Africa, India, northern Australia, the Pacific islands. According to Sobel et al. (2016)
“We thus expect tropical cyclone intensities to increase with warming, both on average and at the high end of the scale, so that the strongest future storms will exceed the strength of any in the past”.
Likewise increasing temperatures, heat waves and droughts, compounded by deforestation over continents, constitute an inevitable consequence of heat waves and droughts. A prime example is the Siberian forest fires (Figure 5B), covering an area larger than Denmark and contributing significantly to climate change. Since the beginning of the year a total of 13.1 million hectares has burned. Total losses from natural catastrophes on 2018 stated as US$160 billion.
Figure 4(A) Pakinstan flooding showing the 2010 Indus River spanning well over 10 kilometers, completely filling the river valley and spilling over onto nearby land. Floodwaters have created a lake almost as wide as the swollen Indus that inundates Jhatpat; (B) Before-and-after satellite imagery of Mozambique showing massive flood described as an “inland ocean” up to 30 miles wide following the landfall of Tropical Cyclone Idai, 2019.
Figure 5(A) Global fire zones, NASA. The Earth data fire map accumulates the locations of fires detected by moderate-resolution imaging radiometer (MODIS) on board the Terra and Aqua satellites over a 10-day period. Each colored dot indicates a location where MODIS detected at least one fire during the compositing period. Color ranges from red where the fire count is low to yellow where number of fires is large;(B)An ecological catastrophe in Russia: wildfires have created over 4 million square km smoke lid over central northern Asia. Big Siberian cities are covered with toxic haze that had already reached Urals.
4. Shrinking Polar ice sheets
Last but not least, major changes in the Polar Regions are driving climate events in the rest of the globe. According to NOAA Arctic surface air temperatures continued to warm at twice the rate of the rest of the globe, leading to major thaw at the fringes of the Arctic (Figure 6A) and a loss of 95 percent of its oldest ice over the past three decades. Arctic air temperatures during 2014-18 since 1900 have exceeded all previous records and are driving broad changes in the environmental system both within the Arctic as well as through the weakening of the jet stream which separates the Arctic from warmer climate zones. The recent freezing storms in North America represent penetration of cold air masses through an increasingly undulating jet stream barrier, as well as allowing warm air masses to move northward, further warming the Arctic and driving further ice melting (Figure 6B).
According to Rignot et al. (2011) in 2006 the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets experienced a combined mass loss of 475 ± 158 billion tons of ice per year. IPCC models of future climate change contain a number of departures from the paleoclimate evidence, including the major role of feedbacks from land and water, estimates of future ice melt, sea level rise rates, methane release rates, the role of fires in enhancing atmospheric CO2, and the already observed onset of transient freeze events consequent on the flow of ice melt water into the oceans. Ice mass loss would raise sea level on the scale of meters and eventually tens of meters (Hansen et al. 2016). The development of large cold water pools south and east of Greenland (Rahmstorf et al. 2015) and at the fringe of West Antarctica, signify early stages in the development of a North Atlantic freeze, consistent with the decline in the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation (AMOC). As the Earth warms the increase in temperature contrasts across the globe, in particular between warming continental regions and cooling ocean regions, leads to storminess and extreme weather events, which need to be taken into account when planning adaptation measures, including preparation of coastal defenses, construction of channel and pipelines from heavy precipitation zones to draught zones.
Figure 6(A) Thawing at the fringes of Siberia and Canada. Scientists say 2019 could be another annus horribilisfor the Arctic with record temperatures already registered in Greenland—a giant melting ice sheet that threatens to submerge the world’s coastal areas one day; (B) Weakening and increasing undulation of the polar vortex, allowing penetration of cold fronts southward and of warm air masses northward.
Figure 7 (A) Surface air temperature (◦C) change in 2055–2060 relative to 1880–1920 according to. A1B model + modified forcings and ice melt to 1 meter sea level rise; (B) Surface-air temperature change in 2096 relative to 1880–1920 according to IPCC model AIB adding Ice melt with 10-year doubling of ice melt leading to +5 meters sea level rise; (C)Surface air temperature (◦C) relative to 1880–1920 for several scenarios taking added ice melt water into account (Hansen et al. 2016)
None of the evidence and projections summarized above appears to form a priority consideration on the part of those in power—in parliaments, in corporations or among the wealthy elites and vested interests. Having to all intents and purposes given up on the habitability of large parts of the Earth and on the survival of numerous species and future generations—their actions and inactions constitute the ultimate crime against life on Earth.
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Dr Andrew Glikson, Earth and Paleo-climate science, Australia National University (ANU) School of Anthropology and Archaeology, ANU Planetary Science Institute, ANU Climate Change Institute, Honorary Associate Professor, Geothermal Energy Centre of Excellence, University of Queensland. He is a frequent contributor to Global Research.
 The AGGI index uses 1990 as a baseline year with a value of 1. The index increased every year since 1979.