As we sat at the COE campground at Fort Supply Lake in Northwestern Oklahoma, on the weekend of 18-19 May, our weather radio gave us repeated warnings of severe thunder storms capable of producing golf ball sized hail with winds up to 60MPH. We kept our map near the radio to determine where each storm was located and in which direction it was headed, and none were expected to hit us. We had some strong winds, and a mild thunder storm during that time, but nothing dangerous.
On Monday we left the campground and headed to Ponca City where we planned to spend the night in the Walmart parking lot. We had some drizzle during the day but again, nothing of any consequence.
After we arrived in Ponca City, I got a call from my brother, Dave, asking if we were ok. He told us about the Moore tornado; the first we had heard of it. On Tuesday we moved on to Afton, OK where we are now staying at the Grand Country RV Park, and this park has a tornado shelter!
So we have not seen any tornadoes nor even the aftermath of a tornado. We are safe, we are near a tornado shelter, and we are in the extreme northeast corner of Oklahoma, heading to Missouri in a few days.


Senior Lecturer in Environmental Geography
King's College London
Tom Matthews is a faculty member at King’s College London. He has broad interests in the societal impacts from climate change but focuses on severe weather events. This drives him to understand the planet’s most extreme climates. From deadly tropical heat waves to severe, cold-weather mountain windstorms, his research aims to map the limits of Earth’s climate envelope and chart its course as it is shifted by human-caused climate change. As part of the Rolex and National Geographic Perpetual Planet Everest and Amazon Expeditions, he scaled the highest peaks in the Himalayas and the Andes to collect critical climate data in these high-altitude environments.


According to the National Hurricane Center, the terms hurricane and typhoon are regionally specific names for a strong tropical cyclone. Cyclones with maximum sustained surface winds of less than 39 miles per hour are usually called tropical depressions. If the cyclone reaches winds of at least 39 miles per hour, then it is called a tropical storm (or in Australia a Category 1 cyclone with an assigned name). If winds reach 74 miles per hour, then the cyclone is called
- a hurricane in the North Atlantic Ocean region and in parts of the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean regions.
- a typhoon in parts of the Northwest Pacific Ocean region.
- a Category 3 cyclone in parts of the Southwest Pacific Ocean and the Southeast Indian Ocean regions.
- a very severe cyclonic storm in the North Indian Ocean region.
- a tropical cyclone in the Southwest Indian Ocean region.
Hurricane Katrina reportedly caused $81 billion in damage, which is roughly double the previously most expensive storm, Hurricane Andrew. The American Red Cross began the Hurricane Recovery Program to help individuals and communities affected by storm damage. To donate or volunteer to the Red Cross, visit their website.
- This voting pattern is very unlikely. There is almost no chance that every state above the given dividing line in the continental United States would vote Democratic (blue) and every state below the line would vote Republican (red). It is very unlikely even that Idaho would vote Democratic or California would vote Republican. If this scenario actually happened, the Republican Party would win with 291 electoral votes. (270 votes are needed to win the election.)
- This voting pattern is also very unlikely. There is almost no chance that every state west of the Mississippi in the continental United States would vote Democratic and every state to the east would vote Republican. It's very unlikely even that New York would vote Republican or Texas would vote Democratic. If this scenario actually happened, the Republican Party would win with 311 electoral votes.
These comments are not screened before publication. Constructive debate about the information on this page is welcome, but personal attacks are not. Please do not post comments that are commercial in nature or that violate copyright. Comments that we regard as obscene, defamatory, or intended to incite violence will be removed. If you find a comment offensive, you may flag it.


Air Quality Engineer/ Specialist
Snyder Brothers, Inc., an independent oil and gas producer located in Kittanning, PA, is currently looking a fulltime Air Quality Engineer/ Specialist to join our team.
The position consists of but is not limited to the following duties:
- Track and compile engine specifications, engine hours, fuel consumption for air emission calculations/reporting for well sites and compressor stations
- Calculate, compile and submit air emissions reports to the PA DEP and EPA
- Track, facilitate, and manage 3rd party air quality consultants completing the following tasks:
- Annual well site and midstream air emissions reports.
- Compressor stack testing
- FLIR testing of well sites and compressor stations.
- Annual CO2e basin calculations.
- Exemption 38c
- GP5 permit applications
- Compressor station maintenance
- Maintain state and federal compliance at well sites and compressor stations.
- Perform monthly site inspections and AVO leak tests.
- Monitor and review all new state and federal air emission regulations that may affect well sites and facilities.
- Duties will also include tasks outside of air quality such as overseeing water hauling operations for well pad development operations.
- BS degree in chemistry, engineering, math, or similar.
- Minimum 2 years of air permitting and compliance.
- Technically proficient in performing air quality compliance and permitting tasks
- Knowledgeable of state and federal regulations (e.g., PADEP, EPA, etc.) and accepted practice/methodology to gather and analyze data independently.
- Possess well developed interpersonal skills and demonstrates excellent communication skills
- Experience in upstream oil and gas processes, equipment, and permitting preferred
- Strong analytical and organizational abilities


Monday, Sep 06, 2021
Climate & Environment
Following the international community’s increasing interest in clean air, and emphasizing the need to make further efforts to improve air quality to protect human health, the United Nations General Assembly has designated 7 September as the International Day of Clean Air for blue skies. Often, you can’t see air pollution but it is everywhere. Air pollution causes approximately 7 million premature deaths annually, making it the single greatest environmental risk to human health and one of the main avoidable causes of death and disease globally. Air pollution knows no national borders. Air pollution disproportionately affects women, children and older persons, and has a negative impact on ecosystems. Many air pollutants contribute directly to the climate crisis and improving air quality can enhance climate change mitigation. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, also recognizes that air pollution abatement is important to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. This first International Day of Clean Air for blue skies aims to build a global community of action that encourages countries to work together to tackle air pollution to ensure clean air for all. To this end, it gives people a platform that can enable cooperation to mitigate air pollution at the individual, national, regional, as well as international levels. Air pollution is preventable, but we need everyone on board–from individuals to private companies to governments. What you can do The first observance of the International Day of Clean Air for blue skies provided us all an opportunity for each of us to combat air pollution but you don’t have to wait until September 7 to act. There are so many things that we can do on a day-to-day basis, from cycling to work, to recycling non-organic trash, to pressuring local authorities to improve green spaces in our cities. Here are some other ideas:
- turn off lights and electronics not in use;
- check efficiency ratings for home heating systems and cook-stoves, favouring models that save money and protect health; and
- never burn trash, as this contributes directly to air pollution.


Another backcountry avalanche warning has been issued for Glacier National Park, and the Flathead and Kootenai National Forests.
According to U.S. Forest Service avalanche specialist Tony Willits, the avalanche danger is considered high between 5,000 and 7,500 feet on all steep, open slopes and gullies,
especially in areas with significant amounts of newly precipitated or wind deposited snow. The report states that natural avalanches are possible, and human triggered avalanches are likely.
According to the report, these conditions will trend higher Saturday through Monday with the arrival of moderate to strong winds through the weekend. 10-12 inches of new snow is expected from Friday night through Sunday. Rising temperatures will result in a more dense snowfall. Winds are expected to be moderate to strong out of the West.
You can read the full report by clicking here.
Hiking in Glacier.com


Following the announcement by the Met Office on the arrival of Storm Aileen, the RAC has issued the following advice to drivers:
RAC spokesman Rod Dennis said: “The arrival of the first named storm appears to mark a very early arrival of autumn. Aileen’s impact is likely to be short but sharp in the north of England, and felt most by those driving in the early hours of Wednesday morning and into the morning rush hour. High-sided vehicles will need to take particular care, but anyone driving can expect to experience some very strong gusts and heavy rain which will make driving conditions difficult. Plan ahead and if you can delay your journey until conditions are expected to improve later on Wednesday then do so.”
The RAC website also carries comprehensive advice to drivers facing strong winds.


Farthest planet from the Sun
- Equator Diameter:
- 49,528 km
- Orbit Peroid:
- 60,190 days (164.8 years)
- 1.02 × 10^26 kg (17 Earths)
- Effective Temp:
- -214 °C
- September 23rd 1846
- Discovered by:
- Urbain Le Verrier & Johann Galle
- Neptune is the smallest of the ice giants, but has a greater mass than Uranus
- Neptune appears blue because the methane absorbs the red light
- Large storms whirl through its upper atmosphere, and high-speed winds track around the planet at up 600 meters per second
- Neptune has a very thin collection of rings
- Neptune spins on its axis very rapidly, despite its size, the clouds on its equator circle the planet every 18 hours.
- + 6 others
Did you know?
Neptune has an incredibly thick atmosphere comprised of 74% hydrogen, 25% helium and approximately 1% methane. Its atmosphere also contains icy clouds and the fastest winds recorded in the solar system.


A key question for hurricane forecasting is how much rain a hurricane's going to drop the intensity of a particular hurricane at landfall is not a precise indicator of rain expected, hood said for instance, in september 1999, hurricane floyd was an intense storm nearly twice the size in diameter of typical atlantic hurricanes. Global warming and hurricanes an overview of current research results last revised: the gfdl hurricane model used for the study is an enhanced resolution version of the model used to predict hurricanes operationally at noaa’s national centers for environmental prediction according to this latest study, an 80 year build-up of. Case study – hurricane katrina hurricane katrina physical impacts of hurricane katrina flooding hurricanes can cause the sea level around them to rise, this effect is called a storm surge this is often the most dangerous characteristic of a hurricane, and causes the most hurricane-related deaths. The study is timely, considering that during 2017 hurricane season, six hurricanes underwent rapid intensification, an increase in speed of at least 35 mph in 24 hours or less. A new study finds hurricanes with female names are more deadly than those with male names (national oceanic and atmospheric administration) sexism may be getting in the way of hurricane safety.
But, based on the results of their modeling experiments, study researchers ruled out la niña was the main driver of the 2017 hurricane onslaught the warm atlantic, instead, was the more. Case study – hurricane sandy new york and its history of storms new york city is no stranger to the effects of tropical storms and hurricanes in fact, being located on something of a meteorological crossroads, lying in the zone where cold, canadian arctic air masses meet the warm gulf stream current, the big apple is in the firing line for. Hurricane andrew in 1992 was a category 5 hurricane when a powerful hurricane hits land, it can cause more damage to life and property than any other natural disaster the effects of hurricanes include storm surges, strong winds, inland flooding, and tornadoes. Strong monsoons in the indian ocean can induce easterly winds that push atlantic ocean hurricanes westward, increasing the likelihood they will make landfall in the americas, according to a study.
Nasa’s expertise in space and scientific exploration contributes to essential understanding of these storms hurricanes are the most powerful weather event on earth nasa’s expertise in space and scientific exploration contributes to essential understanding of these storms. The study found that while all age groups and social strata were affected by the hurricane, the risk of death was 45% higher and persistent until the end of the study period for populations. A preprint of their study, “hurricane maria impacts on puerto rican forests,” has been published online “mapping disturbance impacts and publishing results can take years,” said yanlei feng, a uc berkeley graduate student in geography who is the study’s first author. The study concludes that 3000 people died as a result of the hurricane, but it doesn’t have much to say about the specific causes of their deaths in fact, the milken press release announcing the study specifically says. Meteorologists are scientists who study the troposphere, the lower part of the atmosphere where all hurricanes and other weather takes place hurricanes are low-pressure weather systems that are powered by the warm waters of tropical oceans.
Hurricane maria caused 2,975 deaths in puerto rico, independent study estimates puerto rico's governor updated the island's official death toll from 64 on tuesday after the long-awaited study. New noaa research looking at the devastating 2017 atlantic hurricane season projects that should similar weather conditions occur in the future, it’s likely the number of major hurricanes (category 3 and higher) would increase by two in a similar active year at the end of century. Case study – hurricane matthew hurricane matthew was a category five atlantic storm, which caused the deaths of an estimated 1,600 people for others, there was serious property damage, floods, high winds and power outages.
Washington (ap) — the atlantic's warmer waters triggered the unusual number of major hurricanes last year, according to a new study that predicts the region could see a couple of extra whopper. It’s the end of summer and that’s usually the time that the atlantic hurricane season kicks into high gear we’ve been learning about hurricanes all summer long, so i thought i’d share a hurricane unit study. Case study: hurricane katrina the first four days • tropical depression twelve • tropical storm katrina • category 1 hurricane • weakens to tropical storm • strengthens to category 2 over gulf of mexico saturday august 27th • strengthens to category 3, and doubles in size. Hurricane florence is currently battering the carolina coast a weakened yet still severe storm, experts expect flooding, high winds and torrential rains in the area, possibly for days. Another study says fewer hurricanes in atlantic to make landfall this season the coastal carolina university study is in line with forecasts by the national hurricane center and colorado state.
Hurricanes are slowing down – and leaving behind a lot more damage when they make landfall, according to a new study the study, published in the journal nature, found that since 1949, tropical. Using a study from a team of independent researchers, officials in puerto rico said they're raising the official death toll from hurricane maria to 2,975 from 64 researchers have determined that. Case study – hurricane irma shows the importance of early preparation it has been regarded as the fifth most powerful atlantic hurricane on record “irma”, as it was widely known, lashed through the caribbean islands as well as florida in early september, throwing the region into complete chaos.
A new study found that hurricanes in a warmer climate could be deadlier all hurricanes simulated in the study produced more rain hurricanes in a warmer climate were also slower and stronger on. In the new study, kelly and his colleagues wanted to find out how the indian monsoon, a known source of climate variability, affected hurricane tracks, since the indian monsoon had not yet been. The atlantic's warmer waters triggered the unusual number of major hurricanes last year, according to a new study that predicts the region could see a couple of extra whopper storms each year by. The atlantic’s warmer waters triggered the unusual number of major hurricanes last year, according to a new study that predicts the region could see a couple of extra whopper storms each year by.
The study found that the 2,975 excess deaths related to hurricane maria in the six months following the hurricane is 22 percent higher than the number of deaths that would have been expected during that period in a year without the storm.


So, this being Ohio, when it comes to the weather, we never really know what to expect. It is supposed to be bitterly cold here in January and February, and yet we often have days that approach 70 degrees. Sometimes it's freezing in June or August, when it's supposed to be in the 80's! Crazy!
But TODAY - wonderful! Normally, middle of March, we could expect a high in the low 50's and more often than not there would also be rain. Today it is just about 70 degrees and cloudy - beautiful weather and perfect for outdoor photography!


Printable local weather flyer for Fulton, MO
|Today's Weather for Fulton, MO|
Lo 24 °F
Hi 48 °F
Lo 32 °F
Hi 57 °F
Partly cloudy, with a low around 24. Calm wind becoming south 5 to 7 mph after midnight.
A 30 percent chance of rain, mainly between 10am and 4pm. Cloudy, with a high near 48. South wind 8 to 13 mph.
Reports from Ed's Weather Station near Fulton, MO
|Yest.||0.00 in.||Yest.||18.4 mph WNW at 17:59||Sunrise:||06:44||Moonrise:||06:46|
|Month||0.23 in.||Month||23.0 mph on 2/20/2017||Sunset:||17:57||Moonset:||17:06|
|Year||0.79 in.||Year||31.1 mph on 1/10/2017||Daylight Hrs:||11:13||Illuminated:||0%|
|Yest.||Hi 61.6 °F at 00:00||Lo 29.5 °F at 23:58||Yest.||Hi 29.934 in. at 23:51||Lo 29.355 in. at 03:50|
|Month||Hi 77.5 °F on 2/20/2017||Lo 16.2 °F on 2/9/2017||Month||Hi 30.608 in on 2/3/2017||Lo 29.355 in on 2/24/2017|
|Year||Hi 77.5 °F on 2/20/2017||Lo -1.2 °F on 1/7/2017||Year||Hi 30.773 in on 1/7/2017||Lo 29.355 in on 2/24/2017|


12h ago More than 200,000 lightning strikes recorded across Mackay region in 'terrific' start to storm season ... Torquay wind forecast issued today at 1:20 am. The Met Office says we could be in for snow in the coming weeks after releasing their latest long-range forecast. Surfers from around the world choose Surfline for daily forecasts and timely news. Historical or past weather forecast page provides historical weather forecast from 1 st July, 2008 till now in 3 hourly interval. Long-term forecast Torquay [°C]: Max temperature 11.12.2020 - 10.01.2021. The Old Farmer’s Almanac Long Range Weather Forecasts show deviations from normal temperatures and precipitation amounts, based on 30-year rolling averages gathered by government meteorological agencies, specifically NOAA and Environment Canada. High Range (Wanganderry), NSW; Least Humid 7% Julia Creek Airport, QLD; ... All News Australia Weather News. Snow depths. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Torquay area. The weather should be slightly above average in temperature compared to other winters, with average December conditions but warmer January and February . Toggle navigation. Next forecast at approx. Min temperature. The Long-range 12 day forecast also includes detail for Torquay weather today. Here you will find the 14 day weather forecast for Torquay. Weather maps, meteograms, weather impact on health forecast. Detailed morning, day, evening, and night 1-15 day weather forecast. Last 2 weeks of weather. 8°C: 9mph: 9mph: 14mph: 73% 1008mB 3.3 mm Thu 10 Dec. Show details. 1:20 pm. Local weather forecasts upgraded. Providing a local hourly Torquay weather forecast of rain, sun, wind, humidity and temperature. Chance of any rain: 0% Geelong and Surf Coast area. Max temperature. Check the latest 16 day weather forecast for torquay. Animated forecast maps with rain, wind, satellite and temperatures. 10°C: 2mph: 2mph: 3mph: 83% 999mB 2.7 mm Fri 11 Dec. Show details. The warmest day over the next 25 days weather in Torquay is forecast to be Wednesday 2nd December 2020 at 11°C (52°F) and the warmest night on Tuesday 15th December 2020 at 6°C (43°F). Everything you need to know about winter tires. Long-term forecast Torquay [°C]: Max temperature 30.11.2020 - 30.12.2020. Torquay weather, Central, VIC - 7-day weather forecast and current temperature and Melbourne weather radar Providing a local hourly Torquay weather forecast of rain, sun, wind, humidity and temperature. Calendar overview of Months Weather Forecast. Torquay Weather Forecasts. 6°C: 11mph: 11mph: 13mph: 83% 997mB 0.6 mm Tue 08 Dec. Show details. Torquay - Weather warnings ... Forecast - Torquay. Please also visit Torquay Historical Weather, Weather widget and Weather Charts pages. Clear. 1:20 pm. Know what's coming with AccuWeather's extended daily forecasts for Torquay, Torbay, United Kingdom. Torquay devon 16 day weather forecast Date Weather Temp Wind Speed Gust Humidity Pressure Rain total; Mon 07 Dec. Show details. Includes Daily Risk of Precipitation, High/Low/Average Temperatures, Heating/Cooling Degree Days and Growing Degree Days, Transition Day – Start or End of a Risky Period. See long range weather forecasts for the next 60 days for the Southern British Columbia Region. Check the latest super long range six month long range weather forecast for December2020 in Torquay. Torquay Surf Forecast. au.freemeteo.com December 2020; January 2021; February 2021; March 2021; April … Long range weather forecast for Torquay , united-kingdom. Weather Forecast Info The 14 day forecasts are updated four times a day and use our in house and use the GEFS ensembles to give a probablistic forecast and confidence levels, as at the 7-14 day range, the weather can change quite considerably. Outlook for Tuesday to Thursday. 30DayWeather Long Range Weather Forecasts predict ideal conditions for a storm. Winds east to northeasterly 15 to 25 km/h tending north to northeasterly 20 to 30 km/h before dawn then tending east to northeasterly 15 to 25 km/h in the evening. Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Dallas, TX. Day by day forecast. Torquay Wind Statistics View More. Sunny. 9°C: 17mph: 17mph: 24mph: 75% 1004mB 2.4 mm Sun 13 Dec. Show details. The 7 day forecasts have recently been upgraded and are now updated up to 12 times a day. © 2020 AccuWeather, Inc. "AccuWeather" and sun design are registered trademarks of AccuWeather, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Frequent rainfall, especially on Friday and Sunday. Weather forecast Torquay this week. Get AccuWeather alerts as they happen with our browser notifications. Hourly Long Term Weather Forecast in UK UK >> South West England >> Torbay >> Weather in Torquay for 15 days 8°C: 9mph: 9mph: 14mph: 73% 1008mB 3.3 mm Thu 10 Dec. Show details. Best for planning. Hourly weather forecast in Torquay for the next 15 days: temperature, precipitation, wind, sun, cloud, rain, snow, humidity, pressure, fog, thunder. Torquay weather. 7°C: 11mph: 11mph: 15mph: 69% 1005mB 0 mm Wed 09 Dec. Show details. Last updated today at 07:01. Africa Asia Aus & Pacific Europe ... 2 weekly weather for Torquay. The Long-range 12 day forecast also includes detail for Torquay weather today. Actual weather in Torquay Daily / hourly weather reports as of Thursday. The Metcheck 7 Day Forecast takes the best from the GFS weather models and displays it in easy to read maps for the world out to the next 192 hours ahead. Torquay Wind Statistics View More. Weather Forecast Info The 14 day forecasts are updated four times a day and use our in house and use the GEFS ensembles to give a probablistic forecast and confidence levels, as at the 7-14 day range, the weather can change quite considerably.


Best times to Go
The weather on the Atlantic coast of Norway where the
road runs is very variable. In the winter the weather
is quite extreme and the best times to visit are in the
Even in the summer time high winds are typical and
anybody driving the road and intending to stop along it
should be properly prepared with appropriate clothing.
From May through to September the temperature will remain
above freezing and June to September will be snow-free,
however September becomes windy with the most sustained
winds during this month.
Generally July is the best weather with highs of 15C but
still with rain on most days.


Had enough rain? Get ready for more
Yesterday’s headline in the San Francisco Chronicle that Schwarzenegger is playing politics in refusing to declare an end to the drought that he officially declared two years ago didn’t surprise me. Despite “heavy snowfall [that] buried the Sierra Nevada and torrential rains [that] drenched much of California,” the Governator found plenty of reasons to allow the drought to continue — on paper, that is.
It certainly no longer exists in nature. California’s snowpack was more than 140 percent above average as of April 30, and that was already before the recent wave of storms dumped still more snow in the mountains — with more set to fall this weekend.
On Monday, about half an inch fell throughout Northern California wine country. By this time of the year, it should be dry and sunny, with temps in the 70s. But no! Lance Armstrong was in Santa Rosa, for the Amgen Tour, and the Press Democrat had him asking, “Does it always rain here?”, a question millions of the rest of us have pondered.
It wasn’t just wet in the north country. “One storm barreling ashore now and another expected to follow this weekend will bring rare, drenching May rain and cool conditions to much of California and the West Coast,” said this article on AccuWeather’s website
May storms batter California
I got a nice little running commentary the other day on my Facebook page when I posted about “the coldest, wettest May in years.” Apparently I have a lot of winemaker friends, and they engaged each other in the comments section, describing how they’re try to control mildew and botrytis. From John Kelly: “’no rain on bloom’ from your lips to god’s ears.” The more optimistic winemakers, such as Justin Mund, down in Santa Barbara, said, “It [the rain] doesn’t really matter anyway right now unless it is going to affect bloom. It will be dry soon enough!”
But will it? My faithful Facebook friend, Peter Cargasacchi, wrote from his perch in the Santa Rita Hills, RAIN/DRIZZLE… EL NINO CONDITIONS CONTINUE ACROSS THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN WITH SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE DEPARTURES OF +1.0 DEGREE C OR GREATER ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL PACIFIC. OCEAN SUB-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES ALSO REMAIN POSITIVE FROM THE SURFACE TO A DEPTH OF 75 METERS FROM NEAR 160 E EAST…
And El Nino, as we know all too painfully, pulls the storm track southward, resulting in greater precipitation in California.
It’s not just wet, it’s cold. I asked my friend, KTVU-TV meteorologist Steve Paulsen, just how cold it’s been, and he wrote: “the mean temperature at Sacramento Executive Airport so far this month is 55.5 degrees. That is 3.4 degrees below normal and the coldest mean temperature for Sacramento since 1948.” Folks, 3.4 degrees is a HUGE temperature change. By the way, the reason they picked Sacramento, not San Francisco or some other coastal city, was because Sacto is “not influenced by the cold, onshore flow from the Pacific” and thus is a more reliable gauge of weather-related (as opposed to maritime-influenced) temperature.
Today’s Chronicle says the well-known Bay Area meteorologist, Mike Pechner, calls “the string of cold, wet weather ‘unprecedented in its strength and duration,’” and that it could “last until June.” My own take is that climate change is deranging California’s weather pattern, making it cooler; add El Nino, and you get wetter, too. What’s that you say? “Heimoff’s not a meterologist, what the hell does he know?” Well, you don’t have to be a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.


We all are aware of the fact that outdoor air pollution badly affect our health. But only ,a few us are aware that indoor air pollution can also be potential health hazard.
It is so because 80%of our time is spent indoors.Poor indoor air quality is source of many diseases like asthma ,lung ailments etc.
people suffering from asthma suffer the most.Old people who have to be indoor may suffer from pollution-related lung decision.
. There are many indoor
pollutants.For example,a ⚜cigarette smoking in the room pollute inside air .
⚜Pets like dogs and cats are also the source of many allergens.
⚜air freshners ,mosquito coils and repellent paints and cleaning products also impurity the air.
⚜dust mites in beds and furnishing also cause many allergies.
⚜Those who use stoves and heaters inside the room add Carbon dioxide to the air which is bad for our health
📍Diffculty in breathing
📍Coughing and sneezing
📍Dryness and irritation of
In Industrialized countries,90%people spend their time in indoor like mines
We always think that outdoor air pollution Have a great impact on our heath but in reality Indoor air pollution is five time higher than outdoor air pollution.Indoor air pollution is one of the leading factor for death.According To WHO,1.6 millon people die per year due to indoor air pollution.
🔘Dont allow other to smoke.
🔘Avoid if possible,ventilate room during and after use.
🔘Avoid pets if possible do not allow them into pets.
🔘Change beds and mattress regularly or dry them in sunlight periodically.
🔘Open Window of your home during cooking
🔘Ban on Smoking
🔘Check your indoor air quality.
At last ,I want conclude that there are lot of people dont know about indoor air pollution .It is our duty to make aware every person about indoor air pollution.
We can do much to reduce the level of indoor air pollution.
We need to check our habits like smoking ,and cooking indoors.We should avoid pets or at least dont allow them into bed
Only ,individual effort can help reduce air pollution ,whether it is indoor or outdoor .


Traditionally I think of the aurora being generated from a sun event. Often C-class flares, M-class flares, and X-class flares (the largest) hurtle plasma towards at the earth resulting in brilliant auroras. I have dug into the science of auroras during previous posts, and wrote about some of the science of the auroral colors and why the aurora can go from a nice show to a great show. However, last nights aurora event was generated by a “Coronal Hole” in the sun. That term was new to me, and although it sounds like a headline from an end of days article, it’s really not that bad!
Coronal holes are a simple concept. The sun normally has a stable magnetic field that controls solar winds and energy from the sun. During a coronal hole event, magnetic field lines extend far away from the sun and allow high speed solar winds to escape. Solar wind speeds may exceed 10,000,000 km/hr! Translating that to terms I understand more, solar winds can travel at 500 miles/second. That’s a quick commute to work, or in this case the earth! If the coronal hole is ‘geo-effective’ it means that those solar winds are headed towards our planet. These events can lead to a lot of high energy resulting in red and multicolored auroras even during times of low solar activity. (http://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/help/what-is-a-coronal-hole, http://www.exploratorium.edu/spaceweather/holes.html)
Last night’s show was stopped at 10:30 due to clouds over Fairbanks. From 8:30 – 10:30 it remained subtle, but beautiful. The high energy from the coronal hole produced a quickly changing, but not well defined red aurora. I hope you enjoy!


The smoke eventually falls to earth as fine dust. Dust from smoke can be as small as 1nm (nano micron)
Not all Smoke is equal
- Smoke dust from natural materials 0.01micron to 0.1micron
- Smoke dust from artificial materials 1micron to 50microns
What is Smoke?
Smoke contains gases and minute particles. The size of the smoke dust will depend on the burnt material. The moisture is evaporated carrying some toxins in the water droplets. The intensity of the fire will also have an effect on the size of the particles.
These particles can contain carcinogens such as Formaldehyde gas and Benzene.
Smoke dust can contain
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- water vapour
- traces of minerals
- carbon dioxide
- carbon monoxide
Smoke dust is the result of burning wood for heat but also it can be the result of terrifying wildfires. The dust from smoke is so small you need an electron microscope to see the tiny particles. These
Every year we witness the devastation of over 906 hectares of forest to wildfires. Sadly in 2020, the wildfires are still burning and have already turned 51% more forest into carbon.
Smoke can contain toxins
Toxic smoke not only prevents humans the ability to breath easily but it can cause disease.
Respiratory diseases can be caused by or exasperated by the inhalation of fine dust. Fine dust from smoke is so small that it can pass through our normal defences.
Can we filter out small smoke dust particles?
You can purchase HEPA activated carbon filters for household use that can filter smoke dust down to 3 microns. Some Smoke dust will pass through the filter but the large percentage of smoke dust will be trapped by the filter.
Even Smoke dust smaller than 3 microns could be captured. This is possible because the finer particles clump together to create larger particles.
I have a stand-alone Air Purifier in my home which we are very happy with. The model of air purifier I recommend is the Levoit lv-h133 for a large space or the Levoit lv-h132 for a small room. In our experience, this Air purifier removes the smell of smoke and animal odours.
EPA website on outdoor particulate information
Our recommendation for a good reliable HEPA Filter Vacuum
We earn a small commission from links to Amazon


1. When present in high concentrations, air pollutants like dioxide, particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide can affect the body's normal functions. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set standards for ambient air quality to protect public health. The Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau uses the USEPA standards to assess Thailand's ambient air quality.
2. In the past, smoke contamination episodes have mainly occurred from May to October. We will likely be affected by smoke contamination when forest fires in the region and the prevailing southwest Monsoon winds blow the smoke from the fires in our direction.
3. UWC Thailand will follow the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education or other government agencies regarding restrictions on outdoor activity and the closure of schools. These actions should be coordinated with the other international schools (this could be an issue during national school holidays).
Pollutant Standards Index (PSI)
4. PSI stands for 'Pollutant Standards Index'. It is an index developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to provide accurate, timely and easily understandable information about daily levels of air pollution.
5. The ambient air in Thailand is monitored through a telemetric network of air monitoring stations strategically located in different parts of Thailand.
6. The monitoring stations measure air pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and particulate matter called PM10 (particulate matter of 10 microns or smaller). These pollutants are used in the determination of the index.
7. When a 3-hr PSI reading is released during the smoke contamination periods, it is for air quality for the immediate past three hours. Therefore, it does not correspond to what you may observe when you hear the PSI announcement.
8. Poor visibility does not necessarily mean higher particle levels in the air. Poor visibility can be due to many reasons, e.g. presence of mist, sun reflection etc.
9. The Health & Safety Officer is responsible for monitoring the air quality. UWC Thailand will use the air quality monitor on campus, along with other sources of information, the Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau National website and IQ Visual website to monitor the PSI levels. Monitoring should be done daily and more frequently as levels rise.
10. The Physical Education department and coaches must ensure that they know students with respiratory problems and exercise discretion regarding their involvement in activities.
11. UWC Thailand's air quality index is stated below:
12. During term time, if an air quality problem becomes apparent, parents will be notified via the School communications systems that the School is monitoring the situation. During the vacation period, parents and staff will be informed by email. A notice will be posted on the school's website in both cases. The Board and PSG should also be informed of the action taken.
13. Should a situation arise during term time where we must send the students home during the school day, parents will be informed by SMS. Parents will be notified that teaching staff will remain on campus to look after students until arrangements can be made to transport them home. Boarders will stay in school, and the house parents will notify their parents. Additional staff (Admissions Department and Secretary) will be required to answer the telephone. An automatic telephone message will be placed on the system, and the bus office will be alerted.
14. Should the levels exceed 150, parents will be notified via email of the School's plans should PSI levels rise further. In addition, a notice will be placed on the School website.
15. At each stage, as the measures are implemented, parents and staff will be informed either by email or through the School website of actions taken.
16. Parents and staff will be informed by email of the intention to reopen the School. A notice will also be placed on the website. The decision to reopen the School on a particular day will be made at 3:00 pm on the previous day at the latest.


Daily Archives: Tuesday, August 25th, 2015
Tropical Storm Erika Has An Uncertain Future with Possible US Impacts
Numerous hurricane hunter flights began today, and continuous around the clock hurricane flights begin tomorrow. They are monitoring Tropical Storm Erika, and that is what you should be doing if you are watching this as well. The next flight will be during the overnight hours, and the global hawk will be flying a 24 hour flight beginning tomorrow morning. The Global Hawk is a remotely flown hurricane drone that will fly above 55,000 feet and do dropsondes throughout that flight. NOAA, NASA, and the Air Force will ensure that we don’t miss a thing. Without any other immediate threats, I will be focusing on Erika tonight.
It became apparent this afternoon that Erika remains unstacked, even in the lowest 11,000 ft. Microwave imagery supports this with a low level center about a half degree north of the flight level -10kft- closed center for the P3 aircraft. If you look at the chart below and the full tropospheric vertical wind shear map, it becomes clear that the anticyclone (or upper level high pressure system) has become dislodged to the SW as noted by the clockwise spin in the streamlines. Those streamlines suggest a possible reason for the tilting down toward the south, although this is a wind shear and not a direct wind that would push a system off tilt. Gonzo did show some higher 500 mb winds on the western side. This could also explain the lack of a good outflow channel to the north. A slower movement at all layers may help organize and stack this system.
This tilt will keep Erika from readily intensifying even with otherwise good atmospheric conditions. Some dry air may have been ingested this afternoon, but the flight this afternoon suggests only modest dew point depressions. Oceanic favorability will increase over the next couple of days as Erika moves over ever warmer waters.
Erika is likely to pass just north of Danny’s original path if it stays weak. This path could be slightly north of the islands with a stronger storm. This is essentially the same model game that we were playing with Danny a few days ago, but do not dwell on that. Every storm is different. History does not copy and paste its pages. Shear could temporarily add times of weakening over the next 24 hours, but as water temperatures warm in Erika’s trajectory, slow intensification is likely. Interesting to note that the 00z SHIPS models now suggest weakening for a time likely due to high shear. Tropical storm warnings are likely from Dominica to Saint Maarten with tropical storm watches expanding west from there.
I have posted the current NHC forecast above as a best guess. As the NHC has noted before, the last two to three days of their forecast and mine are of substantially low confidence due to land interaction, the lack of steering currents, and a potential for mid-latitude interaction. The first of those sources for uncertainty can be seen above. As with Danny, if Erika remains weaker than currently forecast, as the GFS shows and this afternoon’s Euro shows as well. Euro did a significant flip flop in the last 24 hours, and could easily go back the other way. A much weaker system will be more likely to be closer to the left side of that cone and closer to land. A stronger system is more likely to be to the right of that cone.
Possibility 2 – Above is the 12z European Model. I have suggested earlier that this model has flip flopped and may continue to do so earlier…so why show this now? Because it still shows the puzzle pieces that will come into play. The above is the mid-level of the atmosphere in color, and the resulting surface pressures. Note that at the surface, there is a tropical wave crossing through the Florida Straights or south Florida in the form of a squiggle and a surface high pressure system to the north and east. Aloft at 18,000 ft, I want to draw your eyes to the orange slot over the western Gulf of Mexico (A) and the orange ridge over the midwestern US (B). Point A is likely to be a somewhat cut off low pressure system that will be dropped off from mid-latitude flow. On the eastern side of that will be southerly flow toward the gulf coast. At point B, this ridge is sliding fairly quickly eastward toward southern Canada and New York State. This may help weaken steering currents aloft by effectively leaving Erika without a ride to the north. Winds over the Appalachians at 18,000 ft would be out of the northwest. Pts A and B could work together to weaken any steering. This is just one other possibility. The global models seem to be trending toward it.
What would that do for Erika? Well, weaker steering flow could allow Erika to sit in one spot or slowly drift generally northward from wherever it gets left behind. How do we get to that point? Erika will be following the periphery of the Bermuda high toward the WNW or just north of west at times for the next three to four days. At that point, we may be talking about the possibility above.
Third Possibility – If the hurricane models are correct, this system could fend off the mid level shear, dry air, and miss land altogether. A stronger system is more likely to be able to find spots between the puzzle pieces to go northward. This is called a weakness, and they often help protect the US from landfall.
The Bottom Line:
It is going to take a day or three to really sort out the exact path of Erika as Erika sorts itself out and we sort out the models. Shear is expected to keep this system in check for the most part. Impacts to the lesser antilles will be similar to Danny in that 2-4″ of rainfall are possible with gusty conditions at times. One difference is that Erika’s rainfall is mostly on the southern side, so more rainfall can be anticipated on the current forecast. Hurricane Hunters and NASA will be out investigating this system tomorrow, and that will assist the models sort out the atmosphere at three or four different layers of the atmosphere. Impacts to the Bahamas, Cuba, and possibly Florida are HIGHLY uncertain at this point. Below is the current forecast probabilities for winds greater than 40 mph through five days:
For the United States, this is very much a storm to monitor this week with every update. There is never a better time than yesterday to get your storm kits together and organized. If you are reading this as anyone who is impacted by daily sea breeze type thunderstorms, you know it only takes one thunderstorm to knock out power for a while. A storm kit is always a necessity even if it sits in a pantry for months without being touched.
Stay safe and prepared! Have a good night
You must be logged in to post a comment.


Like many countries in Europe, the United States is also experiencing a severe heat wave. Temperature and humidity are predicted to rise further in various parts of the country. Preparations are underway to issue health warnings to residents there. Residents of various parts of the United States have been asked to be careful with their electricity use as demand increases amid the extreme heat. News from AFP
A Twitter post from the United States Weather Service (NWC) said on Thursday morning local time, “A large part of the country is in dangerous temperatures.” 60 high temperatures have been recorded so far this week. More such temperatures may be recorded next week.
New York City residents were asked to reduce their electricity use on Thursday. For this, it is recommended to increase the temperature of the air conditioner and unplug the big appliances.
The state’s power authority has warned that low wind speeds will threaten grid capacity.
As most of the houses in the United States have air-conditioning systems, local people can avoid the health risks caused by heat waves for now. However, increasing consumption puts pressure on the electricity grid.
Temperatures in excess of 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) were recorded across much of the southwestern United States. In some areas it exceeded 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Similar temperatures were recorded in the southern part of the United States.
Temperatures are already rising on the US East Coast. High temperature combined with high humidity gives a feeling of high temperature.
Heat emergencies have been declared in Washington and Philadelphia. Residents have been asked to be vigilant.
Scientists have already predicted that such heatwaves may occur more often in the United States and Europe. The intensity of these heat waves will increase due to global warming.
Bangladesh is 40th on the planet regarding military strength
How Bolsonaro allies went after in spite of tight security
Radical antiquarians have twisted history: Assam CM


Interlaken BE – The average global temperature has risen by 1.1 degrees since the beginning of industrialization. If the rise is to be limited to 1.5 degrees, CO2 emissions must be halved by 2030, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change writes in its new synthesis report.
If global warming is to be limited to 1.5 degrees, drastic measures must be taken. This is the conclusion of the sixth synthesis report presented by the UN Inter governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ) on March 20 after a week of deliberations in Interlaken. According to this, the average global warming is already 1.1 degrees. If the cap set by the 2015 Paris climate agreement is to be met, global CO2 emissions would have to be halved by 2030. Any further warming will lead to a rapid escalation of hazards, he said.
The world’s population will be affected differently by these threats, co-author Aditi Mukherji is quoted as saying in the IPCC release on the report. “Nearly half the world’s population lives in regions that are highly vulnerable to climate change.”
The IPCC report points out that adapting the world to climate change could go hand in hand with improving the living conditions of many people. These included access to clean energy, improved health, and new employment opportunities.
The world has enough capital to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the report said. Governments would have to provide public funding for this and give clear signals to investors. If existing technologies, existing knowledge and sufficient financial resources were made available, CO2 emissions could be reduced everywhere in the world.
“We live in a diverse world where everyone has different responsibilities and different opportunities to effect change,” IPCC Chair Hoesung Lee is quoted as saying in the release. “Some can do a lot, while others need support to help manage change.” stk


After writing my jeremiad about the shamanism that goes by the name “meteorological science,” I deleted the Accuweather app from my phone and resolved never to look at another long-term weather forecast again, except, maybe, the Chicago Weather Center Blog’s. I would only rely on weather forecasts for the immediate future: 24 hours, maybe 48.
Consistent with my resolve, I checked the Saturday forecast yesterday morning at around 9:00 and saw that the weather folk were forecasting 35 and sunny on Saturday.
I then woke up this morning to two inches of snow.
The shamans couldn’t tell “heavy snow” from “sun,” just 18 hours ahead of time.
Frauds, the lot of them.
Are we relying on “meteorological science” to give us reliable information, and forecasting, about global warming? If so, consider me no longer agnostic about global warming, but rather a hard core atheist. Largely ignorant about the issues, granted, but still atheist on the fundamental grounds that the science on which it rests is patently unreliable.
I’m ignorant about the weather, but at least I admit it. The shamans not only think they understand it, they think they can forecast it . . . and not just ten days, but fifty years, into the future. Well, they can’t even reliably forecast 18 hours into the future, so pardon me if I scoff at their 50-year forecasts.
Of course, if there are scientific disciplines involved in the global warming debate that aren’t part of the meteorological shamanism, you can again paint me agnostic.Bookmark it: del.icio.us | Reddit | Slashdot | Digg | Facebook | Technorati | Google | StumbleUpon | Window Live | Tailrank | Furl | Netscape | Yahoo | BlinkList


Nigeria with other African countries as well as Asia, Europe and Australia is set to experience the longest lunar eclipse of the 21st century. The eclipse which will occur on Friday 27th July,2018 is considered a phenomenon and once in a life time occurrence is set to happen for duration of 1hr 42mins 57secs.
Lunar eclipse is a natural occurrence in which the sun come in-between the sun and the moon thus covering it form the direct rays of the sun. While partial eclipse is a common occurrence total lunar eclipse is a rear occurrence with the last total eclipse happening in January. In this total eclipse, the sun, the earth and the moon are perfectly lined up. The most spectacular part of the total eclipse is that when the moon is fully in the earth’s shadow, it turns red. This is why this phenomenon is known as the Blood Moon.
The red colour is as a result of the fact that the sunlight is deflected through earth’s atmosphere. This process is known as refraction and it bends the red light from the sun like lens into the space behind earth on to the surface of the moon.
The precise colour of the moon depends on the atmospheric condition at the time, the clearer the atmosphere the brighter and lighter the red colour appears to be
This eclipse is going to be the longest in the 21st century as it will last a time of 1hr, 42mins and 53sec. The longest possible eclipse is 1hr 47mins.
This eclipse is set to be longest due to the fact that the moon will be passing close to the middle of the Earth’s disk. That is the longest possible path it can take through the Earth shadow. It is important to know that anytime there is an eclipse, the moon passes through the Earth’s shadow, but it doesn’t always pass through the same part of the shadow, sometimes, it passes through the top of the disk, sometimes towards the bottom of the disk.
Moreso at this period, of the Northern Hemisphere summer, the earth is closer to the sun, thus the shadow that the earth casts is larger than the average shadow it casts. Also the moon is near apogee, the most distant point in its orbit, so it is moving slower in its orbit and taking more time to move across.
Unlike in a solar eclipse where it is dangerous to look at the sun directly without special filters or protective glasses, the total lunar eclipse can be viewed with the naked eyes as the moon never gets bright enough to cause a danger to the eyes.
Report by Victor Alagogooko for IbadanCity ANNOUNCER


Durban – The N2 free was closed in both directions at Galleria Mall due to severe flooding caused by a massive storm that made hit on Tuesday morning.
The storm knocked down powerlines and caused outages in several suburbs on the south coast. Several homes and buildings were also flooded.
And residents were urged to brace themselves for wet and wind conditions another round of heavy rains set to hit the province later today.
KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga is expected to be lashed by the rains while there is a prediction of snow in south parts of the Drakensberg. This is due to an intense cut off low system. The heavy rainfall could lead to localised flooding along the coast, adjacent interior and extreme southern parts of the province.
According to SA Weather Service, the rains are expected along the KZN coast up to East London.


Moldova's climate is moderately continental: the summers are warm and long, with temperatures averaging about 20 °C (68 °F), and the winters are relatively mild and dry, with January temperatures averaging −4 °C (25 °F). Annual rainfall, which ranges from around 600 millimeters (23.6 in) in the north to 400 millimeters (15.7 in) in the south, can vary greatly; long dry spells are not unusual. The heaviest rainfall occurs in early summer and again in October.
Climate data for Chisinau - avarage temperatures (high and low)
Climate data for Chisinau - monthly precipitation
For information about the current weather in Moldova, visit the weather page.


Stop Building Spaceships To Mars And Just Plant Some Damn Trees!
BY CHRISTINE CROSBY
When my friend Valerie Wood-Gaiger founder of Learn With Grandma International turned 80 this past year, she asked that instead of presents, everyone “Plant a tree for Granny.” And with that, Valerie appears to have started a movement. It’s easy to get excited because Valerie’s determination to ensure that future generations get to enjoy clean, fresh air is contagious.
According to Mother Jones magazine, “When it comes to climate change research, most studies bear bad news regarding the looming, very real threat of a warming planet and the resulting devastation that it will bring upon the Earth. But a recent study in the journal Science offers a sliver of hope for the world: A group of researchers based in Switzerland, Italy, and France found that expanding forests, which sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, could seriously make up for humans’ toxic carbon emissions.
“There are technologies people are working on to take carbon dioxide out of the air. And trees do it—for nothing.”
Richard Houghton, a senior scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center, who was not involved with the study stated that, “ Overall, there are now about 850 gigatonnes of carbon in the atmosphere; a tree-planting effort on that scale could, in theory, cut carbon by about 25 percent.
In addition to that, Houghton says, trees are relatively cheap carbon consumers. As he put it, “There are technologies people are working on to take carbon dioxide out of the air. And trees do it—for nothing.”
They found that all that tree-planting potential isn’t spaced evenly across the globe. Six countries, in fact, hold more than half of the world’s area for potential tree restoration (in this order): Russia, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and China. The United States alone has room for more than 100 million hectares of additional tree cover—greater than the size of Texas.”
JOIN GRANDMOTHERS ALL OVER THE WORLD MAKING A DIFFERENCE HERE


Hurricane Rick Type 2, on the Sapphire-Simpson scale, made landfall in the southern state early Monday morning Mexican According to the National Water Resources Authority (GONA), the heavy rains left Guerrero.
Look directly at the path of storm risk:
“The epicenter of Hurricane Rick, Type 2 on the Sapphire-Simpson scale, caused landslides in the vicinity of the municipality. Union of Isidoro Montes de Oca, Guerrero, local time 05.00 (10.00 GMT) “, The company warned on Twitter.
Identity: The death toll from Hurricane Ida has risen to 28 in Louisiana, USA
As described National Weather Service (SMN)At 7:00 (12:00 GMT) local time, the hurricane had already advanced several kilometers inland and was located 25 kilometers northeast of Lazaro Cordenas (Mycocon) and 75 kilometers northwest of Jihuatanojo (Guerrero).
“Center Hurricane Rick, Type 2 of the Sapphire-Simpson scale, located on land adjacent to the municipality of Artiaca in Mykova. Its cloud groups cause unusual rainfall over the western and southern states of the country, with strong winds and high tides. SMN mentioned.
The hurricane moved north at 13 km / h with winds of 165 km / h and 205 km / h.
Ricks’ Cloud Bands “SMN estimates that landslides and floods in the Michigan and Guerrero regions will produce intense specific rainfall in Jalisco (south) and Colima and very strong specific rainfall in Guanajuato.
For all these reasons, the public was urged to take serious precautionary measures in the states where rain, wind and waves (including sea navigation) are mentioned and to comply with the recommendations given by the officials of the National Civil Defense Organization.
According to the weather forecast, Rick It will weaken over the next few hours, passing through parts of the states of Guerrero, Mikavokan and Jalisco.
Mexico’s Civil Defense In the last hours, 11 states and 712 municipalities in Mexico warned of Hurricane Rick, putting the states of Guerrero and Michigan “at maximum risk.”
Hurricanes Andres, Blanca, Carlos, Dolores, Enrique, Felicia, Guillermo, Hilda, Ignacio, Gimina, Kevin, Linda, Marty, Nora, Olaf, Pamela and Rick have formed in the Pacific Ocean this year.
Dolores landed in mid-June, killing three people by electric storms.
In the Atlantic, where the named hurricanes have already been recorded, a total of 11 people died in the most devastating month of August, eight in Veracruz and three in Puebla.
Nora, who reached the shore on August 28, was responsible for the death of a little girl in the state of Jalisco, and although seven were missing, six of them were fishermen from the state of Guerrero.
On October 13, Hurricane Pamela hit the state of Sinaloa in the Mexican Pacific, leaving Typhoon Type 1 with 2,000 victims and 9,000 victims and material damage in the neighboring state of Nairobi, particularly the power grid.
You may be interested
“Travel aficionado. Infuriatingly humble reader. Incurable internet specialist.”


The other day we had been having several days of rainy and gloomy weather. Then we had a day of what seemed like a day of sun. However, it was kind of freaky. The sun would come out, and I'd open the windows, and then all of a sudden it was raining! These little rain showers would never last very long, and they weren't very big, but it was interesting.
One of these rain showers came by, and Joel noticed that there was a rainbow! Actually, it was a double rainbow.
Here is a short video so you can see the full single rainbow as the cloud was moving away.


By Matt Kasper
Great Lakes Michigan and Huron set a new record low water level for the month of December, and in the coming weeks they could experience their lowest water levels ever. It’s becoming certain that, like the rest of the country, the Great Lakes are feeling the effects of climate change.
Last year was officially the warmest year on record for the lower-48 states. The hot summer air has been causing the surface water of the Great Lakes to increase in temperature. One might think this causes more precipitation around the lakes, but the warmer winter air is causing a shorter duration of ice cover. In fact, the amount of ice covering the lakes has declined about 71 percent over the past 40 years. Last year, only 5 percent of the lakes froze over—compared to 1979 when ice coverage was as much as 94 percent.
Furthermore, the continuing effect of the historic drought in the Midwest is causing increased levels of evaporation. This combination of climate change side-effects results in low water levels for the Great Lakes.
The impact climate change has on the five lakes—Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario—will have serious implications for aquatic life, as well as high economic costs for communities.
- The Great Lakes stretch from Minnesota to New York. They account for more than 80 percent of North America’s surface freshwater, and provide drinking water to 40 million U.S. and Canadian citizens.
- Many industries in the region that depend on trade through the lakes will face navigation challenges, and will have to reduce the amount of cargo carried.
- Tourism and recreational activities that are vital to coastal communities will surely feel the negative economic effects. Activity associated with recreational fishing alone is estimated to be at least $7 billion annually.
- Infrastructure investments will need to occur, as the necessity for extending docks and dredging increases.
- And the habitats of fish, birds and other mammals will be altered.
The two maps below developed by the Great Lakes Environmental Assessment and Mapping project (GLEAM) illustrate the severity of the environmental impacts on the lakes, as well as the warming temperature of the lakes.
The researchers behind GLEAM note that water surface temperatures between 2000 and 2100 will warm at rates ranging from 0.37-0.93 degrees Celsius per decade in Lake Superior, and 0.20-0.60 degrees Celsius per decade in Lake Eire as a result of climate change. Research conducted by the University of Minnesota-Duluth’s Large Lakes Observatory (LLO) found that summer surface water temperatures on Lake Superior have increased 2.5 degrees Celsius between 1979 and 2006. As climate change continues, fueling more frequent and more extreme droughts, we will continue to see more reductions in the extent and duration of winter ice cover.
Researchers at GLEAM are not alone in this finding. Several different climate models for the Great Lakes region all predict that lake levels will decline over the next century. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) uses two different modeling approaches, researching the net effect of precipitation due to climate change, and the warming lakes and air surrounding the lakes are leading to increased evaporation levels.
The third National Climate Assessment draft, the most comprehensive peer-reviewed analysis of how climate change impacts regions and sectors across the U.S., was released last week. It found that the likelihood of extreme events like intense heat waves, mild winters and lack of ice cover on the lakes will occur with greater frequency. The draft also finds:
- The Great Lakes are warming at rates faster than the world’s oceans. This will also stimulate blooms of harmful algae in the lakes, leading to toxic cyanobacteria.
- Climate change will likely heighten the impact that invasive species have in the Great Lakes.
Visit EcoWatch’s CLIMATE CHANGE page for more related news on this topic.


There is often a lot of water in the air. It is in the gas state and is called water vapor. Relative humidity compares the amount of water vapor in the air to how much water vapor the air can hold. It is expressed in a percent. 100% means that it can not hold any more. 50% only means it is half full and new air can be added.
Hygrometers measure relative humidity. One type of hygrometer is called the psychrometer. It is simply two thermometers. One is regular and the other has a wet cloth wrapped around the bulb. If the air can hold more water, then the water on the cloth will evaporate. This will change the temperature because when water evaporates, it takes energy. This means there is less average kinetic energy and (you guessed it!) a lower temperature. By determining the difference between the wet bulb and dry bulb thermometers, scientists can figure out the relative humidity. The table below is used to help them figure it out.
Notice that if there is no difference, the humidity is 100%. This is because none of the water evaporated because the air above it cannot hold any more water.
Effects of Humidity
Humidity affects the weather because the water in the air eventually comes back down to earth in many weather events like thunderstorms, hurricanes, monsoons, and common rain. Scientists an use the humidity to try to predict if one of these storms are possible in the near future.
Have you ever seen shapes in clouds? Ever wonder where they come from? Clouds form when water condenses meaning that it changes from water vapor to a liquid. This can only occur when the air holds more water vapor than it can hold. This doesn't necessarily mean that there has to be more water vapor in the air. It can also happens if the air cools rapidly. If it cools below what is called the dew point, then the water vapor can condense. This cooling can happen by mixing with colder air, rising, or at night when the sun is not out. The water needs something to condense around. This is the condensation nucleus. This can be something like dust.
Types of Clouds
Clouds are classified mainly according to height. Cirrus clouds are really high up, made of ice crystals, and appear thin or feathery. Stratus clouds are low sheets. Cumulus clouds are formed vertically. They appear fluffy. Other clouds are combinations of these clouds. If they have "alto" in it, it usually means they are high and "nimbus" or "nimbo" means rain.
Precipitation is any form of rain that falls to the ground. We have all seen rain and sometimes even played in the snow. These are two forms of precipitation. Precipitation can also be hail, sleet.
How does precipitation occur? Well, after water condenses, water droplets can combine with other droplets until they get very big. When they are too big and heavy, they fall from the sky.
Where does Precipitation Occur?
Precipitation often occurs where cold air and warm air meet. This is called a front. A cold front happens when cold air pushes warm air out of the way, and a warm front occurs when warm air pushes cold air out of the way. In both cases, warm air rises over the cold air because it is less dense and cools rapidly. This forms a cloud where precipitation can occur.
Other places where air rises like this are on the sides of mountains facing the wind and where the global winds meet at the equator pushing each other up.
Places where little precipitation occurs are places where air sinks. This can be the side of a mountain facing away from the wind or places where the global winds blow away from each other.
This map shows the places of the Earth where precipitation is most and least common.
Weather 4 Kids
by Zachary Gold


Earlier studies suggested that an exposure to unclean or polluted air can trigger female infertility, but that was somehow overlooked by some fertility doctors and women. With time, fertility experts began spreading awareness of the potential risks linked to polluted areas in pregnant women and women generally. Pollution sources considered for the study included wood or fossil fuel combustion. It was ascertained that this type of air pollution triggers stroke, heart disease, inflammation, in conjunction with infertility.
According to a recent study, researchers discovered that an exposure to high levels of air pollution can reduce one’s fertility treatment success rate. Indeed, pregnancy losses were increased in women exposed to the highest levels of air pollution, classified in 5 forms.
According to the researchers, the actual mechanism of how air pollution causes infertility and induces miscarriages is unclear, but high ambient air pollution has the potential of affecting the outcomes of IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), a common type of ART conducted worldwide.
As per the Conducted Survey
Records of 4,581 women who underwent at least one or two IVF treatment cycles were considered in a study and the main aim was to find whether air pollution could affect the success rate of this fertility treatment. The researchers also used district-level pollution-monitoring data from at least 40 locations in the city. The data was used to estimate the average amount of pollution each woman was exposed to each hour during her fertility treatment.
The forms of air pollution considered were carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and PM 10 (tiny pollution particles), the main composition of the emissions from traffic vehicles, industrial sites, and construction. Researchers analyzed the effect of each pollutant on the various IVF stages. The stages began with ovarian stimulation, embryo transfer, hormonal test, and lastly to the blood tests to confirm pregnancy. A half of the women had two or more embryo transfer during the entire course of IVF treatments and the results were as follows;
- 51% attained pregnancy
- 9.4% of biochemical pregnancy loss. The first hormone test indicated an early pregnancy, but the subsequent ones indicated that the pregnancies hadn’t been sustained
- Those that indicated intrauterine pregnancies that were lost per cycle were estimated to be at 38%.
Researchers found that exposure to pollution during the first and a third IVF treatment cycle stage was linked to pregnancy losses. With the third stage of the IVF treatment cycle, higher exposure to nitrogen dioxide, PM 10, and carbon monoxide were linked to 7% to 8% lower chance of intrauterine pregnancy. In addition, an exposure to nitrogen dioxide and PM 10 were linked to 17% to 18%, increased chances of biochemical pregnancy loss.
All in all, increased levels of pollution around the period of ovarian stimulation and embryo transfer can trigger IVF failure. It is recommended for women struggling with infertility and those undergoing infertility treatments to limit outdoor movements and high-risk zones (polluted).


Air contamination or air pollution refers to the pollution of air and it can be both indoor and outdoor. When there are physical changes in the air, there results a contamination. Air pollution occurs when dust, dirt, harmful gases or smoke pollutes the environment. There are various causes of air pollution like burning fossil fuel, poisonous fumes emitted from industries and factories, indoor air contamination, and so on. There may be several causes behind air pollution and we must take measures for air pollution control.
Dangers of air pollution wreaks havoc across the globe and take a toll over the health of plants, people and animals. Everyone has the right to breathe in clean and pure air. To ensure this we must fight out air pollution. Humans, animals, trees and plants require clean air to breathe in. If the air is not clean, there can be breathing problems. Poor water quality and air quality leads to dangerous situations. Anything contaminating the air such that it becomes dangerous to breath is considered an air pollutant.
Some Ways to Control Air Pollution
It is already an established fact how carbon filters help to purify the air. It traps dirt, dust, allergens and makes the surrounding air clean. Other easy and natural ways for air pollution control are as follows:
- To reduce contamination of air, we can use public transport and avoid having personal vehicles. If the number of vehicles plying on the road decreases, there will be less air contamination.
- When you move out of the room, switch off fans and lights. Saving and conserving energy is the way to air pollution control. You help the earth by avoiding the use of nonrenewable sources of energy
- CFL light is the way to saving on power. CFL lights use very less power when compared to conventional lights. They not only devour less power but also emit less of heat into the air. By using CFL lights, you may diminish contamination. It will also help save up on the energy bills.
Protect the Forest
Conserving forest, plants, trees can put a tab on air pollution. It is important to protect the forest cover. Protecting forests is the way to ensuring clean and pure air. The quality of air stays intact when the forest is protected. We should plant more and more trees to improve air quality. Rapid urbanization is the leading cause of air pollution. To construct homes and industries, a lot of trees are cut daily. You already know that trees absorb carbon dioxide and if there aren’t enough trees, there will be more CO2 causing more pollution. If trees are cut down, we won’t have enough Oxygen to breathe.
Redesign Automobile Engines
Engines emitting black fumes are very dangerous. Black fumes imply more carbon or soot that causes air pollution. If your engine is old and emitting black fumes, it is time to redesign the engine. Redesign the engine in a way that emissions are kept to a minimum. An old automobile engine needs to be replaced with the new one. If you must travel short distances, avoid using your personal vehicle and go walking. You can also share the vehicle more often.
There are innumerable ways to control air pollution. The best and the easy ones are mentioned above. Industrial areas should be away from residential spaces. Use smoke free and newly designed furnaces. Use cheap devices that help to purify air and control air pollution.
Layla Flinn is the author of this post


The meteorological authority said that the country is affected by an air elevation centered on the western Mediterranean.
The Meteorological Authority expects tomorrow to witness a noticeable drop in temperatures, as experts expect tomorrow to witness light to medium rain accompanied by active winds on Cairo, which are thunderstorm sometimes on the sea.
Experts also expect to see moderate, sometimes thunderstorm rain tomorrow, accompanied by active winds on the northern coasts, and exciting winds, sand and dust, on the south of the country and areas of the Sinai.
Today, Monday, the continuation of high temperatures, with Greater Cairo and Lower Egypt at daytime, partly cloudy weather, and mild cloudy weather and light rain prevail on the northern coasts, and hot weather prevails in the north of Upper Egypt, which is very hot in the south of Upper Egypt sunny.
Experts revealed the weather at night, when cold weather prevails over Cairo and Lower Egypt, and cold weather prevails on the northern coasts, and nice weather on the north and south of Upper Egypt.source: Youm7.com


Source: Bureau of Meteorology
Issued at 12:00 pm EDT on Sunday 3 October 2021 Flood Watch Number: 7
Minor flood warnings are current for catchments in Central, North East, Barwon and West Gippsland areas. Renewed river rises are likely from Monday to Thursday with forecast rainfall.
A trough crossing western and central parts of the State will clear the east on Monday morning. A cold front will cross Victoria overnight Monday into Tuesday.
Another cold front is expected to move into Victoria's west on Wednesday night.
In the 24 hours to 9 am Sunday, rainfall totals of 5 to 20 mm have been recorded in the flood watch area.
Showers will continue during Sunday, with further rainfall totals of up to 5 mm forecast for the remainder of Sunday.
With the first cold front crossing on Monday and Tuesday, rainfall totals up to
30-40 mm are forecast in the upper parts of the Yarra catchment, and 20-30 mm for the Bunyip, Dandenong, Otway Coast, West and South Gippsland and North East ranges catchments, mostly falling between midday Monday and midday Tuesday.
Isolated higher totals up to 40-50 mm are possible, in particular in the Upper Yarra and Otways, with thunderstorms. Similar totals are forecast with the crossing of the second cold front on Wednesday and Thursday.
Flood warnings are current for the Barwon, Kiewa, Latrobe, Thomson and Yarra River catchments.
Renewed river rises are expected in rivers within the flood watch area, which may lead to isolated and minor flooding from late Monday onwards.
Catchments likely to be affected include:
South Gippsland Rivers
Bunyip River and Dandenong Creek
Upper Murray and Mitta Mitta Rivers
Ovens and King Rivers
Seven and Castle Creeks
Goulburn River upstream of Lake Eildon
Goulburn River Eildon to Seymour
The Bureau of Meteorology is continuing to monitor the situation and will issue catchment specific warnings as required.
See www.bom.gov.au/vic/warnings to view the current warnings for Victoria.
For more information on the Flood Watch Service:
Flood Safety Advice:
Note: This Flood Watch means that people living or working along rivers and streams must monitor the latest weather forecasts and warnings and be ready to move to higher ground should flooding develop.
SES advises that all community members should:
Never walk, ride or drive through floodwater, Never allow children to play in floodwater, Stay away from waterways and stormwater drains during and after heavy rain, Keep well clear of fallen power lines Be aware that in fire affected areas, rainfall run-off into waterways may contain debris such as ash, soil, trees and rocks, and heavy rainfall increases the potential for landslides and debris across roads.
Current Emergency Information is available at http://emergency.vic.gov.au For emergency assistance contact the SES on 132 500.
Current Road and Traffic Information is available at the VicRoads website:
For the latest weather forecast see http://www.bom.gov.au/vic/forecasts/
River Height and Rainfall information are available on the Bureau of Meteorology web site at http://www.bom.gov.au/vic/flood/
Flood Warnings and Flood Watches for Victorian Catchments are also available
on: Telephone Weather Service No. 1300 659217.
Rainfall and River Conditions Map
Source: Bureau of Meteorology


Peatland has great potential in mitigating climate change, where if optimized it will be able to contribute around 960 ± 15.4 MtCO2e yr-1 in 2030 which can support the achievement of Indonesia's commitment to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, it is important to carry out studies related to GHG emissions to strengthen knowledge and data bases, especially on tropical peatlands. This manual was prepared to provide guidance to the public who wish to carry out activities related to measuring and monitoring GHG emissions. The manual was written by combining literature studies related to measuring GHG emissions and information related to gas measuring equipment with the field experience we have gained in measuring GHG emissions.
The manual explains the important reasons why GHG emission measurements are carried out and how common measurement techniques are carried out. It also explains what GHG and environmental variables are measured. We also convey the various gas measuring tools that we use, where we also attach complete information regarding the tools and also the advantages and disadvantages of each tool as a consideration in selecting the tool. One of the important things in this manual is information regarding what things have been prepared based on our experience in the field which will be useful for researchers and practitioners when starting GHG emission measurement and monitoring activities. At the end of the manual, we explain how to analyze data obtained from measurements including formulas and data management.
Author :Nisa Novita, Adi Gangga, Adibtya Asyhari, Chandra Agung Septiadi Putra, Rasis Putra Ritonga, Satria Oktarita, Samantha Yeo
Published : December 2023
Publisher : Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara
Editors : Erin Poor
Cover Artists : Wahyu Hidayat
Genres : non-fiction


Think back to big firework nights such as Bonfire Night and New Year’s Eve – has it often rained the following day? According to some, it has and for many the reason behind the rain isn’t merely a coincidence. They believe it is because of fireworks!
But is it true that fireworks could change the weather and make it rain? Here’s a quick look at the theories and the science behind this long-running myth.
The argument that fireworks can make it rain comes from the composition of fireworks and how these chemicals are launched in the air in large masses during big celebrations such as the Bonfire Night or the 4th of July in the US.
The main ingredient making people assume fireworks could result in rainfall is sulphur. As the fireworks explode, they create smoke in the air and this smoke contains sulphur and dioxin. Large concentrations of sulphur and dioxin are thought to cause rain.
The argument is often based on something people have experienced and who feel like the day after fireworks displays is always rainy.But could there also be some science to this?
The assumptions aren’t totally plugged out of thin air, as controlling the weather isn’t just a science fiction story these days. Scientist have been able to control the creation of rain to limited extend and some of it has been done with the help of dioxin, for instance.
Perhaps the most notorious example came during the Beijing Olympics in 2008. The Chinese used cloud seeding missiles in order to clear the threat of rain before the opening ceremony. The missiles shot chemicals like dioxin and sulphur into the rain clouds to increase precipitation. The mission was a success, with the opening ceremony taking place in dry weather.
In case you are wondering why this cloud seeding isn’t more commonplace everywhere, the iodide used in the process is toxic. Large quantities result in toxic rain and most people would surely rather let it rain whenever than to poison the ground!
Nonetheless, fireworks are not found to be an actual cause for rain. The concentration of chemicals during even the busiest of firework nights alone are not enough to open the floodgates of the sky.
The problem with the argument is that fireworks won’t go high enough to introduce the particles into the clouds. For the cloud seeding to work the condensation nuclei needs to be introduced right in the middle of the clouds – the Chinese missiles seemed to have worked, although cloud seeding is typically done by dropping the iodide from the above.
So, while you probably won’t be guaranteed to need an umbrella every time you shoot fireworks, you are likely to experience a bit of smog. Jim Dale, senior meteorologist at British Weather Services gave his final verdict on the subject a few years ago, stating in an interview, “I would venture to say that lingering cloud, fog or smog is probably more likely (than rain), though it can’t necessarily be assumed”.
What do you think? Have you experienced outright rain after big parties or do you feel the air is foggier after big firework displays? Perhaps you’d like to experiment this by throwing a science night with some stunning fireworks!


CFCAS Funding: $5,823,320 over 5 years (plus infrastructure and major facility funding from NSERC, CFI and other sources)
Duration: July 2005–2011
Network Leader: James Drummond, University of Toronto
Description: This network uses the unique Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) on Ellesmere Island to study atmospheric effects of air quality, climate, and the ozone layer. The PEARL facility is the world’s most northerly continuous atmospheric monitoring research facility and is 1,100 km from the North Pole.


This company has no active jobs
350.org is an international environmental organization encouraging citizens to action with the belief that publicizing the increasing levels of carbon dioxide will pressure world leaders to address climate change and to reduce levels from 400 parts per million to 350 parts per million. It was founded by author Bill McKibben with the goal of building a global grassroots movement to raise awareness about human-driven climate change, to confront climate change denial, and to cut emissions of carbon dioxide in order to slow the rate of global warming. 350.org takes its name from the research of Goddard Institute for Space Studies scientist James E. Hansen, who posited in a 2007 paper that 350 parts-per-million (ppm) of CO2 in the atmosphere is a safe upper limit to avoid a climate tipping point
350.org is building a global climate movement. Our online campaigns, grassroots organizing, and mass public actions are coordinated by a global network active in over 188 countries.
The number 350 means climate safety: to preserve a livable planet, scientists tell us we must reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere from its current level of 400 parts per million to below 350 ppm.
We believe that a global grassroots movement can hold our leaders accountable to the realities of science and the principles of justice. That movement is rising from the bottom up all over the world, and is uniting to create the solutions that will ensure a better future for all.
350.org was founded by a group of university friends in the U.S. along with author Bill McKibben, who wrote one of the first books on global warming for the general public.
When we started organizing in 2008, we saw climate change as the most important issue facing humanity — but climate action was mired in politics and all but stalled. We didn’t know how to fix things, but we knew that one missing ingredient was a climate movement that reflected the scale of the crisis.
So we started organizing coordinated days of action that linked activists and organizations around the world, including the International Day of Climate Action in 2009, the Global Work Party in 2010, Moving Planet in 2011, and Climate Impacts Day in 2012. We held the “world’s biggest art installation” and “the most widespread day of political action in the planet’s history.” We figured that if we were going to be a movement, then we had to start acting like one


CMSD’s K-8 schools will compete to win weather monitoring and forecasting equipment in a contest sponsored by WKYC-TV.
To be eligible to win Davis Vantage Vue Weather Stations, schools must submit two-minute videos on the theme, “We are the Weather Warriors.”
The public and a contest committee will pick 10 winning schools. School locations will play a role in the selections.
Schools will submit videos from Friday, Jan. 8 through noon Tuesday, Jan. 19. The public will vote Jan. 21-22 and the committee will vote Jan. 25-27.
WKYC will announce the winners on the air in early February. The equipment will be installed later that month.
The rooftop stations will allow the students to make forecasts while gaining a deeper understanding of weather and atmospheric concepts. Students will get to work with the WKYC weather team, including Chief Meteorologist Betsy Kling and Meteorologist Gregg Dee, and visit the Channel 3 studio.


Update as of 2:12 p.m. August 25 – The Air Quality Index is on the low end of the Unhealthy range. We will open today, August 25 from 3 p.m. – 5 p.m. for Adult Lap Swim ONLY. Swim at your own risk.
We will post an update regarding Sunday’s schedule tomorrow morning around 8 a.m.
Tonight’s High School Party has been canceled.
Update as of 7:28 a.m. August 25 – Unfortunately our entire facility is CLOSED as the Air Quality Index has gone back up into the Unhealthy range. We are keeping an eye on the situation and will open later in the day if the air quality improves. We will post an update on the website if we are able to open.


NEW DELHI: As the national capital reels under cold waves, 25 trains were delayed, 12 others were cancelled due to low visibility.
Two trains were also rescheduled. The morning seemed foggy in several parts of Delhi.
The India Meteorological Department report said the minimum temperature in Delhi to be 8 degrees Celsius and maximum temperature of 18 degrees Celsius.
Earlier this week, heavy rainfall across parts of north India brought down the mercury, intensifying the cold weather conditions.
Western disturbances had caused the downpour in Delhi-NCR, Rajasthan and triggered snowfall in the Kashmir Valley.
The severe cold conditions and reducing visibility had led to cancellation of several trains in the national capital and delayed the flight operations at the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport.


- Contact Us
- EGN $73.28 (0%) $0.00
Basic Natural Gas Safety
To effectively deal with a potential problem, you should have a basic understanding of the reactions that can be expected with natural gas (methane) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under given situations. Some basic knowledge will help in dealing with possible situations that may prevent an emergency and what action should be taken in an emergency.
- Natural gas (methane) is neither toxic nor poisonous. Tests show that concentrations of 25 percent gas mixed with air produce no ill effects. However, if this gas displaces the air in an enclosed space, suffocation can occur because of the lack of oxygen. When natural gas (methane) is released in a confined space, the highest concentration will be at the highest level, and air will be displaced from the top downward.
- Most natural gas (methane) is odorless in its natural state. It is in a vapor form, and therefore, it is almost impossible to detect without some type of gas detection equipment.
- The ignition point of natural gas (methane) is in the range of 900 to 1200 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature is reached by pilot lights, flint sparks, matches or sparks from electrical switches or motors. The explosive range of natural gas (methane) is 5 percent to 15 percent.
- Natural gas (methane) is lighter than air. Natural gas (methane) will rise and diffuse rapidly when it escapes to an open area. The specific gravity of natural gas (methane) is in the range of 0.56, and the specific gravity of air is 1.
- Lighter-than-air natural gas (methane) should not be confused with liquefied petroleum gas. This gas is more commonly called L.P., bottle gas, propane, butane and various other trade names. Liquefied petroleum gases are all heavier than air and will collect in low places when not confined.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is a colorless, odorless, slightly acidic gas. It can exist in all three physical states (solid, liquid and gas) depending on temperature and pressure.
- CO2 gas is an asphyxiate, a potent respiratory stimulant, and both a stimulant and depressant of the body’s central nervous system.
- The specific gravity of pure CO2 is 1.53. That means it is 1.53 times heavier than air. Extreme care should be taken in the event of a CO2 pipeline leak as CO2 will tend to settle in low areas in and around the leak site should those exist.


The average daily air temperature on the Earth's surface reached 17.18 degrees Celsius, according to data compiled by an organization attached to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA.
That far outstripped even the previous day's record measurement, when the average global temperature reached 17.01 degrees Celsius. That surpassed the August 2016 record of 16.92 Celsius as heatwaves sizzled around the world.
That topped the previous daily record of 16.92 Celsius dating to July 24, 2022.
For comparison, the world's average air temperature, which fluctuates between 12 Celsius and just under 17 Celsius on any given day over the year, averaged 16.2 degrees at the beginning of July from 1979 to 2000.
This reported record has yet to be corroborated by other measurements, but could be broken again as the northern hemisphere's summer begins.
The E.U. climate monitoring unit Copernicus confirmed in a statement to AFP on Wednesday that Monday had been the hottest day in its dataset going back to 1940. It could not yet confirm the data for Tuesday.
The average global temperature typically continues to rise until the end of July or early August.
Even last month, average global temperatures were the warmest Copernicus had ever recorded for the start of June.
The southern United States has been suffering under an intense heat dome in recent weeks. In China, an enduring heatwave continued, with temperatures above 35C. North Africa has seen temperatures near 50C.
And even Antarctica, currently in its winter, registered anomalously high temperatures. Ukraine's Vernadsky Research Base in the white continent's Argentine Islands recently broke its July temperature record with 8.7C.
"This is not a milestone we should be celebrating," said climate scientist Friederike Otto of the Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment at Britain's Imperial College London.
"It's a death sentence for people and ecosystems."
Scientists said climate change, combined with an emerging El Nino pattern, were to blame.
"Unfortunately, it promises to only be the first in a series of new records set this year as increasing emissions of [carbon dioxide] and greenhouse gases coupled with a growing El Nino event push temperatures to new highs," said Zeke Hausfather, a research scientist at Berkeley Earth, in a statement.
This report was compiled from Reuters and Agence France-Presse


i like long walks in the rain. And sometimes I like short walks during a precipitation event. i also like hiking in a mild to moderate monsoon. Once in a while I will look up and little bits of moisture will collect in my eyes. Then I know to check the tread on my tires. After that I check the weather forecast for the day. Then sometimes after that I check the hourly forecast. I check the daily forecast for the week ahead and then I check the daily forecast by hour but it only shows 12 hours of weather forecasting at a time so i have to keep clicking forward in 12 hour increments. I see that at 3 pm there's a 40 percent chance of precipitation and at 4pm there's a 60 percent chance. at 5pm a 90 percent chance but at 6 pm it's only a 20 percent chance, which gives me something to look forward to. ahhh sweet sweet 6pm. well, forget about 6pm i didn't really mean it i was caught up in the heat of the moment. 7pm is really where it's at. Sometimes in summer, the sun is too much and i wish it would rain. After winter finally arrives I'm happy to be rid of the sun and welcome the rain. Around the 6th week of nonstop wetness from upper space, i wish it was summer again and that i could see that bright thingy in the sky that partially illuminates part of the earth. I think the 6th week was about 4 weeks ago. i just saw a light in the sky. i think that, maybe, it could be that light thingy... the sun.


Farmers must adjust to and get ready for the challenges that come with changing weather conditions as climatic patterns continue to change. El Nino is one such phenomena that has a big impact on agricultural productivity. Extreme weather conditions like flooding, droughts, and severe rainfall are brought on by El Nino. Farmers must be well-prepared for the impending El Nino rains to ensure minimal interruption to crops and livestock. The detailed instructions in this article will assist farmers in preparing for any upcoming challenges.
Always Stay Informed
Keeping up with weather and climate projections is one of the most important aspects in being ready for El Nino rains. The timing and severity of El Nino episodes can be better understood by keeping an eye on reliable meteorological data. For the purpose of making educated decisions regarding planting, harvesting, and other agricultural activities, farmers should closely monitor El Nino-related updates.
Create a Stable Drainage System
El Nino rains frequently produce torrential downpours, raising the possibility of flooding and farm waterlogging. Farmers should spend money on an effective drainage system that effectively diverts surplus water away from crops in order to reduce this risk. Ditch, channel, and drainage pipe maintenance can greatly lessen the effects of flooding on crops and soil quality.
Crop Timing and Selection
Farmers should carefully select their crops depending on their resistance to heavy rain and standing water. Some crops are more flood-resistant than others. Additionally, altering planting times might be extremely important in preventing potential rain damage. To ensure crops are established before the expected heavy rains, early planting may be advised.
Proper Soil Management
Healthy soil is more capable of overcoming the difficulties brought on by El Nino rains. By using cover crops, a good crop rotation, and less tillage, farmers can improve soil quality. Strong rainfall can promote erosion, although well-structured soil can better absorb extra moisture.
Safeguard Your livestock
El Nino rains can put livestock’s health at risk since more infections are spread by mud and standing water. Animals should have access to a dry shelter and clean water, according to farmers. Disease outbreaks during wet seasons can be prevented by routine health examination and vaccines.
An emergency plan is essential when dealing with erratic weather patterns. In the case of extreme weather, farmers should be ready to move quickly to protect their crops, livestock, and equipment. This could entail moving livestock to higher land, reaping crops before they are ready, or securing tools and supplies.
Despite the difficulties that El Nino rains might cause, proper planning can lessen their negative effects on agricultural activities. Farmers may better prepare for the impending El Nino rains by being knowledgeable, improving drainage systems, choosing appropriate crops, controlling soil health, and safeguarding livestock. To ensure a stable and fruitful agricultural future as climatic patterns continue to change, it will be more crucial than ever to adapt and apply these techniques.