Research by the Royal College of Physicians has found that the air in 44 out of 51 British towns and cities have failed WHO pollution tests.
Testing for fine particles smaller than 2.5 microns, known as PM2.5s, they have been linked to heart disease and premature death, and according to WHO, should not exceed 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air.
The top ten most polluted cities are as follows:
- Glasgow – 16
- Scunthorpe – 16
- Eastbourne – 15
- Leeds – 15
- London – 15
- Salford – 15
- Southampton – 15
- Armagh – 14
- Birmingham – 14
- Cardiff – 14
The report also found that polluted air costs 40,000 premature deaths per year and over six million sick days.
As well as featuring some of the largest cities in the country, smaller places such as Eastbourne, Oxford, and Leamington Spa were also found to be in breach of pollution levels.
Dr Toby Hillman from the Royal College of Physicians said:
There isn’t a safe limit for the amount of pollution that’s been defined as yet and we know the effects of poor air quality run from cradle to grave; it’s a lifetime threat to human health.
“This is a really direct and tangible impact on UK health from the drivers of climate change, and taking action on air quality should be a priority.”
On the research, the RCP’s special adviser on air quality, Professor Stephen Holgate, said:
The UK is leading the way internationally on many areas of climate and health – with the recent T-charge a good example. Yet it continues to miss the glaring opportunities that can be implemented today with highly substantial benefit.
“As the RCP and Lancet Countdown research shows, climate change is here and a health issue today. More can and should be done. The benefits for an overstretched health service alone are justification, but it is clear that the benefits of action will be felt much more widely, both economically and for those most affected by air pollution.”
The report also found the that social cost of the pollution costs around £22.6 billion per year.


After a warm El Nino rain the air can be very humid and still. In the nursery business we controlled greenhouse humidity, and of course heat, with exhaust fans to promote drying and fresh air in the green house.
So what can I do at home to improve drying conditions?
First, place plants in the sun after the rain event.
Second, after a rain event the air can be very still. During an El Nino I remember very high humidity and on some days fog scattered around after it rained. If these conditions exist after a long and/or a heavy rain event, it will not allow for proper/timely drying of soil in containers or in the ground. Bad things can happen to the roots not to mention above ground diseases. Soil evaporation, plant respiration and plant transpiration are minimal under those conditions. In 1983 during an El Nino period of rain after rain, an old nursery "salt" told me to get a fan and and point it at the plants to create artificial air movement. I have used a fan now on many occasions when the conditions warrant it. Once a breeze comes up, I turn it off unless the plants are very wet. Be sure to remove the fan before the next rain event.
For fertilizing or soil applied products for disease control, try to use dry products and let the next rain storm get them into the ground. Sometimes one cannot wait for the next rain so foliar feeding and foliarly applied disease products work nicely. For plants in the ground, the same applies when the soils are too saturated for soil drenches. My garden soil can literally back up with water after frequent, heavy rains, so foliar feeding kept my citrus alive and well until the roots recovered from the "drowning".
Hope this is helpful.


Infrared data provides temperature information and the highest, coldest cloud tops in tropical cyclones indicate where the strongest storms are located. NASA’s AIRS instrument provides that critical temperature information and captured an image of Harvey within the hour of its landfall in southwestern Louisiana. Harvey made landfall just west of Cameron, Louisiana at 4 a.m. CDT, Aug. 30.
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.


50 signatures reached
To: Jennifer Whiteside, minister of education BC
Curriculum Change, Not Climate Change
The time for climate action came as soon as the science did. We know what will happen if we continue to do nothing about the climate crisis, but who will lead the action we need if the people it will most affect don't fully understand it? We need updated and more frequent climate change education that includes the actions we can still do to halt global temperature rise before it's too late.
Why is this important?
"Observed increases in well-mixed greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations since around 1750 are unequivocally caused by human activities...Each of the last four decades has been successively warmer than any decade that preceded it since 1850."
-IPCC Assessment report 6, working group 1
The climate crisis does not end here.
We know what we need to do to lower emissions. It is essential and only fair for students to have required and updated climate curriculum to spread the awareness we need as fast as we need it.


Blog | May 31, 2022
Blog: 2022 hurricane season expected to churn out above-average storm numbers
June 1 kicks off the start of hurricane season, with the first of up to 21 named storms expected this year already making landfall in Mexico.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicts a 65% chance of an above-normal season, forming somewhere between 14 and 21 named storms (winds of at least 39 mph) — six to 10 of which could become hurricanes (winds of at least 111 mph).
One of the storms, Hurricane Agatha, already made landfall as a Category 2 storm in southern Mexico on Monday. Setting up the ingredients for a perfect storm, the Gulf of Mexico has already been warmer than average. Hurricane season lasts through Nov. 30.
Twenty-one named storms developed last year. The same La Niña conditions — which cause warm waters and weaker hurricane-destroying winds — that made for a busy season in 2021 continue to fuel this year's batch of storms.
"The increased activity anticipated this hurricane season is attributed to several climate factors," according to NOAA's news release. "An enhanced west African monsoon supports stronger African Easterly Waves, which seed many of the strongest and longest lived hurricanes during most seasons."
Preparation is important, especially since hurricanes can have long-lasting effects. Five years later, Hurricane Harvey is still having an impact on some Texas counties, which County magazine will cover in the upcoming issue.
"Your plans should take into consideration protecting persons and property as well as your response and recovery efforts should your county be impacted," said Clem Zabalza, Texas Association of Counties' Risk Control Manager. "Keep in mind that response and recovery efforts should also include resumption of essential services and county operations such as HR, payroll, and finance.
TAC Risk Management Services has a plethora of information on how to prepare and respond to a hurricane. Consultants stress protecting not only property but also people, who are the most important asset to a county. To find those resources, visit here and don't hesitate to contact your county's consultant.
"Emergency reparedness is not just when a storm is on the horizon but a ongoing effort for every county," Zabalza said.


FREE image of Major Nor'easter Set to Impact Northeast U.S.
This image was taken by the Suomi NPP satellite's VIIRS instrument at 1825Z on January 26, 2015. A low pressure system currently forming off the mid-Atlantic coast will rapidly strengthen into a major nor'easter today and affect parts of the Northeast U.S. Through early Wednesday. This system will be responsible for heavy to intense snowfall and strong winds, with blizzard conditions expected from eastern New Jersey to eastern Massachusetts where Blizzard Warnings are in effect. Accumulations will likely exceed one foot from eastern New Jersey through eastern Maine by late Tuesday. The heaviest snow accumulations, perhaps exceeding two feet, are forecast across portions of Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, including the Boston area. Currently, New York City is forecast to receive 18-24 inches of snow, and Boston is forecast to receive 24-36 inches of snow. Wind gusts of 45 to 60 mph will be common from eastern New Jersey to eastern Massachusetts, leading to widespread blizzard conditions. Wind gusts up to 70 mph are possible in far eastern Massachusetts, including Cape Cod and Nantucket. Credit: NASA/NOAA/NPP/VIIRS Via: NASA/NOAA via  NOAA Environmental Visualization Laboratory NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram
Edit Image For Free
If you would like to credit the Photo, here are some ways you can do so


THE ULTIMATE BOOK OF METEOROLOGICAL EVENTS
A compilation of some of the most spectacular weather photography and writing in the world.
Adapted from over 20 years of material from the bestselling Weather Guide calendar, this
comprehensive volume combines dozens of essays from more than 20 meteorology and climate
change experts. And, in order to fully appreciate the weather's majestic beauty, more than 100
photographers have contributed their awe-inspiring images, expertly portraying some of the most
dramatic weather events of the past two decades.
Includes: U.S and international monthly climatic data charts
365 days of weather trivia
Significant events in meteorological history
For more information and examples of contents, click here.
Your price: $32.00
|$100.00 and up||$14.50|


Weekly roll - Cold front.
We can’t stop talking about this weather with all it’s changes. As you travel across the country you get to experience different weather from one location to another. There are significant differences from one location to another. In one place people walk around in shorts and flip flops as early as 9am while other people in another place will not even think of pulling out their shorts.
This past week we ran a poll around this issue of our dynamic weather changes. It had been announced before that there will be a cold front blowing in from South Africa. The cold front started in South Africa and had been blowing subzero weather in the area. It has not been the first cold front to blow in Botswana. There has been many others and these are always expected over a few days in Botswana. The cold fronts differ in temperature although all are characterised by extremely cold temperature winds.
This past week we reached out to our visitors and users regarding the cold front we had been experiencing. The aim was to get the thoughts around this cold front. The focus was on the severity of the cold front in comparison to others we have had over the past few years. The inquiry was on whether this cold front is the worst ever or if we’ve had others that were worse. Of all our responses, we had 57% of our respondents agreeing that this year’s cold front is the worst ever while 47% of our respondents believed otherwise


Operational greenhouse gas footprint (material sites and fuels)
This graph shows the Scope 1 & 2 greenhouse gas emissions associated with the combustion of black coal and diesel at Bayswater and Liddell power stations, black and brown coal and natural gas at AGL Loy Yang, and gas and fuel oil at AGL Torrens. These represent AGL's material sources of greenhouse gas emissions (i.e. over 99% of Scope 1 emissions, over 90% of Scope 2 emissions, and over 99% of scope 1 and 2 emissions combined). During FY19, emissions from Bayswater and Liddell power stations increased compared to FY18 due to a decrease in duration of unplanned outages. Emissions from AGL Loy Yang decrease due to an increase in unplanned outages in FY19.
These figures include scope 1 and scope 2 emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions have been calculated in accordance with National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act methodologies.
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with AGL Macquarie assets are included from the date of AGL's acquisition on 2 September 2014.
Figures have been rounded to the nearest ktCO2e.
GRI Reference: 305-1; 305-2


OpenSnow: Snow Forecast | Ski Report & Conditions
Boulder 2019: Best of Boulder, CO Tourism - TripAdvisorHow Often it Snows in Boulder This first table lists monthly and yearly totals for amount of snow and how many days it snows at least 0.1 inches (0.25 centimetres).
Matt Kelsch Weather | Forecast updates for Front RangeThe best times to visit Boulder are January to March and June to August.
The weather observers also create the avalanche forecasting and grooming reports that are used by the ski area staff to plan daily operations.Weather-related vehicle crashes kill more than 5,000 people in the United States annually.
Wednesday will be cold with a mixture of sunny spells and perhaps a few sleet or snow showers.Continually striving to be your best resource for Local Boulder, Wyoming Weather.The outlooks also include forecast 500 millibar heights for the 6 to 10 and 8 to 14 day periods, respectively.If there is a chance that severe weather may close the campus, check the Boulder Labs Site Status website or call 303-497-4000.
BBC Weather - BoulmerPlan you week with the help of our 10-day weather forecasts and weekend weather predictions for Boulder, CO.
Cold-weather running tips: What to wear, how to pace and
Boulder Flatiron Cam | Live webcam views of Boulder, Colorado
Climate Prediction Center - 8 to 14 Day OutlooksThese solutions suggest a 6-10 inch snowfall in the Denver area south of I-70 and extending north along foothills to Broomfield and Boulder.
Indigenous Peoples Day Celebration 2016 from City of Boulder on Vimeo.Breezy, with a west wind 16 to 21 mph decreasing to 10 to 15 mph in the afternoon.The main web page shows river status plotted over a Google Map.
Best Times to Visit Boulder | U.S. News Travel
Lake Mead Current Weather | Hoover Dam | Boulder City NVThe trend seems to be away from this so this outcome has about a 10% chance of occurring.
Wind & weather statistics Boulder City/Lake Mead - Windfinder
Snow and Weather Report | Breckenridge Resort
Boulder Magnetometer - Space Weather Prediction Center
NCAR scientists have developed a system called Pikalert, which collects weather data from vehicles and uses the information to create better road hazard forecasts, ultimately helping to keep more drivers safe.


Cyclone upgraded to category five (01:29)
Streets in north Queensland are deserted as the region prepares for the onslaught of Cyclone Yasi, which has been upgraded to a category five event. 02/02/11
- North Queenslanders batten down for 'monster storm'
- Here it comes ... Cairns prepares for the worst
- Residents must evacuate now: Bligh
- 'Most life-threatening storm in generations'
- 'It will start being terrifying around lunchtime'
- Cyclone Tracy-like scenes feared for Cairns
- Yasi looms large over tiny Tracy
- Yasi to drop up to 300mm of rain
- West prepares to get wild
- Banana crop faces another hit from cyclone
- Inside a monster


The portable flux-meter West Systems is an instrument for the evaluation of gas exchange at interface between soli and atmosphere or between the atmosphere and liquid surfaces (lakes, swamps, etc.)
The main applications are:
- Soil respiration in agronomy;
- Monitoring of volcanic and geothermal areas
- Determination of biogas emission in MSW landfills
- Methane and carbon dioxide seepage in wet-lands areas (swamps, rice fields, etc…)
The extreme versatility of the instrument allowsthe use of a wide range of detectors for different gas species, concentration and sensitivity.
The flux rate measurement, executed on spot, is based ona non-stationary static accumulation chamber technique. This measure is indirectly obtained, by recording the specific gases concentration trendtime function, and extrapolating the increasing rate,as a proportionof the flux.
A PDA/palmtop computer allows the real time display of concentration curves versus time, and the computing of the flux value, expressed in moles/m2/day,which is proportional to the measured concentration gradient.
The following table reports different sensitivity levels (LDL) and maximum measurable flux values (FS)
|IR Spectrometry based on TLD Tunable Laser Diode withmultipass cell
|PID - Photo Ionization detector
|2.5 x 10^-5
The portable flux-meter kit includes:
- An accumulationchamber
- A back-pack suitcase containing sensors, pump, battery and electronic interface
- A PDA/palmtopcomputer with integrated GPS, to allow the control of the instrument, the real-time display of concentrations and the extrapolation of the geo-referenced flux rate measurement
The execution of each measurement (shown in the photo sequence below) requires from 2 to 4 minutes for every measured spot.


Korea's climate is regarded as a continental climate from a temperate standpoint and a monsoonal climate from a precipitation standpoint. The climate of Korea is characterized by four distinct seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter.
Spring lasts from late March to May and is warm. Various flowers, including the picturesque cherry blossom, cover the nation's mountains and fields during this time.
Summer lasts from June to early September. It is a hot and humid time of the year. June is usually bearable, July is rainy while August is scorching hot.
Autumn lasts from September to November, and produces mild weather. It is the best season to visit Korea.
Winter lasts from December to mid-March. It can be bitterly cold during this time due to the influx of cold Siberian air. Heavy snow in the northern and eastern parts of Korea makes for favorable skiing conditions. Watch this video to get an idea of how you should dress.
For more details, please refer to the original article.


Climate change has become one of the most pressing issues of our time. Its effects are felt globally, from melting ice caps to rising sea levels and extreme weather events. While some argue that climate change is a natural occurrence, scientific evidence suggests that human activities are the main cause of this phenomenon.
Our effect on climate change
Human activities have significantly contributed to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping into space and leading to an increase in global temperatures.
One of the primary sources of GHGs is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas for energy. These fuels are used for electricity generation, transportation, and heating, and their combustion releases large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. The increase in CO2 levels has led to a warming of the Earth's surface, causing changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe weather events.
Deforestation is another human activity that contributes to climate change. Trees absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in their biomass. However, deforestation, which involves cutting down trees for agricultural purposes or other uses, reduces the number of trees available to absorb CO2. Additionally, when trees are cut down and burned, they release CO2 into the atmosphere, further contributing to the problem.
Agriculture is also a significant contributor to climate change. The use of synthetic fertilizers and animal husbandry practices such as livestock production results in the release of CH4 and N2O into the atmosphere. These gases are potent GHGs, and their release contributes to global warming.
Lastly, human activities such as industrial processes, land-use changes, and waste disposal also contribute to climate change by releasing GHGs into the atmosphere. These activities have increased in scale and intensity over the past few decades, leading to a significant increase in GHG emissions.
In conclusion, climate change is primarily caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural practices. As such, it is essential that we take action to reduce our GHG emissions and transition to cleaner, more sustainable energy sources. We can do this by adopting practices such as energy conservation, investing in renewable energy, and reducing our consumption of meat and dairy products. By taking collective action, we can help mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure a more sustainable future for ourselves and generations to come.


Information and Advice in a Natural Disaster
The 2022 Atlantic Hurricane Season was forecast to produce an above-average number of storms due to high ocean temperatures. Nevertheless, the season started slowly due to persistent La Nina conditions and an extremely dry atmospheric, warranting a reduction in the forecast in September. But a small tropical disturbance in the Caribbean on 23 September quickly intensified into Ian, a major hurricane, over western Cuba and threatened the west coast of Florida.
Hurricane Ian made landfall in Florida as a strong Category 4 storm presenting very high storm surge along vulnerable gulf coast communities with catastrophic effects to the local infrastructure.
At the early stages of the hurricane formation, International SOS’s regional Crisis Management Team in Philadelphia convened in anticipation of potential requests of assistance. Client messaging was established, and an Incident Management Team deployed to the area providing valuable intelligence, public affairs media, and liaison with essential security providers.


There may be 1-2 cold spells in the country this January. That being said, one of these could take the form of a severe cold spell. As a result, the temperature may drop to 4-6 degrees Celsius somewhere in the country. This is according to the one-month weather forecast of the department on Monday.
Mild cold spells are usually when the minimum temperature drops across a large area to between 8 and 10 degrees Celsius. When it drops to 6 to 8 degrees Celsius, it is called moderate and when the minimum temperature is between 4 to 6 degrees Celsius, it is called severe cold. As such, severe cold wave is being feared.


The National Weather Service in State College PA has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for…
northeastern McKean County in north central Pennsylvania…
northwestern Potter County in north central Pennsylvania…
* until 930 PM EDT..
* at 628 PM EDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing
heavy rain across the warned area. Up to two inches of rain has
already fallen upstream of Shinglehouse across the Honeoye creek
basin and over Little Genesee creek within several miles upstream
of Shinglehouse. Flash flooding is expected to begin shortly as
additional thunderstorms form and train to the northeast across
this same area.
* Some locations that will experience flooding include…
Shinglehouse, Genesee and Oswayo.
Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches are possible in the
warned area between 630 PM and 730 PM.
Stay away or be swept away. Stream banks and culverts can become
unstable and unsafe.
Please report flooding to your local law enforcement agency when you
can do so safely.
Trees in the Black Forest by Curt Weinhold
Here’s today’s Eliot Ness Trivia question.
What famous case was Eliot Ness unable to solve?
email your answer to email@example.comIf you are correct, your name will be put into a drawing for and autographed copy of Paul Heimel’s new book on the famed crime fighter. Enter now.


Pottawattamie County Emergency Management
Tornado Siren Operations Policy
Authority to Activate Sirens
The National Weather Service (NWS) is the authorized agency to declare a "Tornado Warning". Upon notification (by the NWS) of a tornado warning, local public warning procedures must be immediately implemented. Additionally, local emergency service officials (i.e., local fire, EMS, city officials, law enforcement), after observing a lowering funnel cloud or tornado may request sirens be activated when prudent to warn the public.
(NOTE: Emergency Officials may also request siren activation for high wind events forecast to impact their area. Generally, this would occur when winds are reported and/or forecasted to reach 70 mph (61 knots). However, it is at the discretion of the local emergency official to determine activation parameters.)
When tornado warnings are issued, the 9-1-1 Center will immediately activate the community tornado sirens (for the communities in the warned area) they are charged with activating.
- When tornado warnings are issued in communities whose siren(s) are not activated by 9-1-1, the designated authority must immediately respond to their community's activation point to sound their siren(s) or activate remotely, as applicable.
- The standard "wail" tone signifies a tornado warning has been issued for the area or a tornado has been spotted in the area.
- The siren sounding shall last for three (3) minutes. Sirens should not sound for the entire warning period. This will lead to a desensitized public and cause damage to sirens.
- When sirens are sounded the public should seek shelter in a suitable building or area for their protection.
- The public should ensure they have direct access (in shelter) to AM/FM radio and/or television to keep updated on the situation.
- THERE IS NO SIREN SOUNDING TO COMMUNICATE AN "ALL-CLEAR" OR TORNADO WARNING EXPIRATION.
- The public will receive warning expiration notifications from local radio and television stations.
- Sirens should be sounded again under the following conditions:
a. The tornado warning is extended or re-issued.
b. A tornado is spotted or confirmed "on the ground" in the area.
c. The National Weather Service issues a "Tornado Emergency" for a community.


F991 Fall 2018 Hurricanes and the Washington Metropolitan Area: A Surprising History, Jamestown to the Present
Thursday, 11:50–1:15, Oct. 25
Instructor: Rick Schwartz
This class provides students with an overview of the hurricane history of the Washington, DC metropolitan area. It highlights some of the “big ones” starting with the colonial era. The course examines risks based on what has happened. Hurricane history tends to be repetitive over time. Wind, rainfall-related flooding, storm surge flooding and tornadoes have had major impacts in the DC area. In addition to examining each of these, the instructor will briefly discuss the possible effects from global warming and questions raised by select recent hurricanes such as Sandy.
Rick Schwartz is author of the book, Hurricanes and the Middle Atlantic States, published in 2007. He is currently writing another hurricane history book, Hurricanes and the Southeast Coast. The instructor has lived in the DC area since 1968, experiencing many local hurricanes.


Blog14 October 2013
Worse Winter Yet?
A leading UK newspaper has warned that the nation will grind to a halt in upcoming freezing weather conditions. Weather forecasters have predicted that this will be the worst winter for 100 years. Temperatures are going to drop radically during the next few days and will even be close to freezing. The Met Office has warned about the heavy rain that is due to hit this weekend, particularly in the South of England.
Severe storms are already thought to have caused the deaths of two people in Wiltshire yesterday as a man spun off the road in a Jeep during wet conditions. The bad weather also led to ferry delays at Dover and Calais and several tons of scaffolding collapsed in Great Yarmouth. It is unusual for such conditions like this show so early, so make sure you are prepared and have a contingency plan in place. At Andrews Heat for Hire we are able 24/7, 365 days a year, so feel free to give us a call whenever you need us on 0800 211 611.


What is decreasing the air quality in your home?
Indoor air pollutants affect the quality of air in your home. Many people spend the majority of their time inside, therefore it is extremely important to have safe, healthy air in the home.
Indoor air pollutants include:
- Mold and mildew
- Cigarette smoke
- Carbon monoxide
- Solvents, such as household cleaners, glues, degreasers and more
- And more
Poor indoor air quality can be associated with respiratory problems and may contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma. Other organs and systems in the body can also be affected. The best ways to keep your home’s indoor air quality safe and healthy is to keep the home clean, don’t smoke inside, make sure you have carbon monoxide detectors that work, and keep your home properly ventilated.
At Pro Environmental Services, our team specializes in monitoring indoor air quality. We are trained to eliminate any source that is affecting the air quality in your home so that we can achieve a safe and healthy environment for you and your family. If you are concerned about the quality of the air in your home, call us today!


Here’s something we didn’t expect to write. Since the beginning of December, not only has Vancouver seen more snow than Calgary, but it’s almost double! Maybe we should start a jacket swap between the two cities – Calgary can get windbreakers and Vancouver can get down jackets. It’s a solution, isn’t it?
According to weather data from Environment Canada, from December 1 until today, Vancouver has experienced a very high height of 51.8 cm. December was a doozy, receiving some 14 inches as it was battered by snowstorms. But January has also come to play, dropping 16.1cm so far this month.
A popular arcade bar in Alberta will open a location in Vancouver this spring
Americans watched 2 more Canadian shows than Squid Game in 2021
Calgary, on the other hand, received only 25.5 cm of snowfall in December, and just 3.3 cm so far in January. With a total snowfall of just 28.8cm, Calgary has seen only about 55% of Vancouver’s snowfall this winter. And even though we still have a few months to go, we can’t help but wonder if the city will even catch up!
So yes, both cities are going to have to think twice about their “winter experience” at least this year. After all, when was the last time we had better luck sledding on the West Coast than at the foot of the Rocky Mountains? We seriously don’t remember.


What is this indicator?
Greenhouse gas emissions are generated from the combustion of fossil fuels through electricity generation, natural gas use in buildings and vehicle fuels, from the decomposition of waste from agriculture and landfills, and from deforestation. Santa Monica's emission sources are from building energy use, landfilled waste and vehicle fuel use. It is measured here in terms of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2e). This metric captures carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (NO2) and methane (CH4) in a singular metric. The target is a 20% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by 2020.
Why is it important?
How are we doing?
How can I help?
- Lower your greenhouse gas emissions by:
- Taking transit, biking, or walking instead of driving when possible
- Investing in an electric vehicle
- Installing solar at your home or business
- Improving energy efficiency. Learn about energy savings and rebate programs here
- Reducing meat and dairy consumption


Severe Weather and Global Warming – Seán McDonagh SSC
Climate change has not gone away. Already this year there have been severe weather events in Pakistan, China, Russia, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Poland. I could have included Africa where a severe drought is causing hunger and malnutrition in the eastern Sahel in west Africa. It is estimated that 10 million people are affected in four different countries. In Niger, the worst affected area, it is estimated that 7.1 million people are hungry and facing a bleak future as livestock have been lost and food prices are soaring. This catastrophe has received very little coverage in western media.
In Latin America in April 2010 heavy rains in the state of Rio de Janeiro caused floods and mudslides leading to the death of at least 212 people. In June, Brazil experienced severe floods once again, this time in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco in the north eastern part of Brazil. At least 1,000 people died or were reported missing.
Another spectacular event happened on August 5, 2010, when a section of the Petermann Glacier on the north western coast of Greenland, measuring 97 square miles, broke off. While there is nothing new in icebergs ‘calving’ this is the largest break off since 1962. Robert Bindschadler, a Senior Research Science at MASA Goddard Space Flight Center, points out that changes in calving will happen as climate changes because the environment is changing.” Increases in temperature due to climate change are not uniform across the world. The increase in temperature in the Arctic region has been very significant and scientists are predicting that the Arctic Ocean could be free of summer ice within a decade or so.
Peter Scott who is head of climate monitoring and attribution at the Met Office has been sifting through the data on the extreme weather events during the past few months in Asia and Russia. He writes that, “ evidence, including in India and China, that periods of heavy rain are getting heavier, is absolutely consistent with our understanding of the physics of atmosphere in which warmer air hold more moisture. Our climate change predictions support the emerging trend in observation and show a clear intensification of extreme rainfall events in a warmer world.” Nevertheless, he concedes that it is problematic to state categorically that climate change is the cause of a particular climate event such as the hurricane Katrina. Extreme weather events happen once every 50 or 100 years. Peter Scott is now arguing that, as a result of global warming, these extreme events will happen much more frequently and “become considered the norm by the middle of this century.”
In the light of the deteriorating climate situation it was very disappointing that the recent climate change talks in Bonn ended so inconclusively. The 194 countries which attended the meeting failed to agree on a common target or method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. It appeared that many of the gains which had been made in the UN climate conference in Nairobi, Bali, Poznans and even Copenhagen were beginning to unravel. In Bonn many so-called “developing” countries were retreating to positions which they held some years ago. They are insisting that while their attempts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would be done on a voluntary basis, “developed” countries must agree to reduce their greenhouse emission through legally binding treaties. China, which as a country, is now the number one greenhouse gas emitter in the world, refused any suggestion for monitoring its emissions by an international agency. The Chinese point out that their per capita emissions are much lower than either North America or Europe.
The Copenhagen Accord agreed that action needs to be taken on a global level to keep the average increase in global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius. This would give the world a “carbon budget” of 750 gigatons of emission by the year 2050. Poor countries suggest that this figure should be divided between countries on a basic of population and how much greenhouse gases that country has historically emitted. Rich countries have about 16% of the world’s population but they generate 74% of greenhouse gases. The bulk of the 750 gigatons should be allocated to poor countries with huge populations. In this way they would be able to develop their economies to meet the development needs of their people. Unless there is a credible solution soon, extreme weather events will increase dramatically.
 Mark Tran, “Floods and mudslides on three continents, as drought hits Africa,” The Guardian, August 10, 2010, page 12.
 Peter Scott, “Odds for extreme events are shortening,” The Guardian, August 10, 2010, page 13.


Physicists Jonathan Rae and Ian Mann used data from the five satellites of NASA’s Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms mission (THEMIS; not to be confused with the Thermal Emission Imaging System on NASA’s Mars Odyssey spacecraft which is also called THEMIS) as well as data collected by ground-based observatories spread around Canada to look for the eye of the storm. Rae and Mann developed a process they call space seismology to find the epicenter from detected magnetic disturbances, or tremors that occur when the storms hit the atmosphere. Effects on the ground are felt a few minutes after the atmospheric events, providing a small window of advanced notice.
While not many details on space seismology were revealed, the technique has already successfully pinpointed the epicenter of effects from a recent storm by observing ripples in the Earth’s magnetic field acting much like magnetic blast waves traveling at speeds of 60,000 miles per hour propagating away from Sanikulaq, Nunavut, Canada. According to the researchers, THEMIS data can also be used to identify the eye of a space storm, usually located just above the low Earth orbits of most communications satellites.
Effects of such storms on the ground include benevolent events like the appearance of the aurora borealis as well as less benign effects such as damage to electrical grids and radio signal interruptions. The storms are even more dangerous in space when they aren’t damped by the atmosphere – electrical charges from such storms can damage spacecraft and satellites in their path.
Because of such destructive potential, the team is currently trying to refine the technique to provide more advance warning of space storms, much like meteorologist on Earth predict and warn of impending hurricanes and tornados. The scientists also hope to learn more about when and how space storms originate to aid in forecasting as well as improve scientific knowledge.
TFOT has previously reported on a magnetic spaceshield that might protect spacecraft from space storms as well as other dangers caused by solar winds. Additionally, TFOT has covered other research and discoveries that rely on THEMIS data including the discovery of a breach in the Earth’s magnetic field and the mechanism of particle transfer between the Earth’s magnetic field and the Sun’s magnetic field.
Read more about predicting space storms and their epicenter of impact in this NASA news release.


Air pollution has affected humankind since the beginning of civilisation. Paleopathological studies have shown the presence of carbon deposits and other pollutants in the lung of Egyptian mummies.
Following the industrial revolution, air pollution became a visible presence in urban areas, where the combination of domestic and industrial coal burning caused thick and vast smog which provided inspiration for writers and painters of the time. London’s toxic air was a particular fascination to Charles Dickens, who often referred to it as a metaphor of the city’s moral slide into decadence caused by greed and corruption.
Unlike the visible smog of Victorian London, modern pollution that can be found in today’s cities is made of fine particular matter and gases such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide – all of which are indiscernible at ground level.
The detrimental effects of air pollution on physical health have long been recognised. In 1952 air pollution in London reached breaking point due to cold stagnant weather conditions that trapped coal burning emissions at ground level for several days. This caused an enormous increase in respiratory and cardiovascular complications, and an estimated 4,000-12,000 deaths.
This public health disaster – which came to be known as London’s Great Smog – led to a set of policies aimed at reducing air pollution. For example, the Clear Air Act (1956) introduced smoke-free areas in which only smokeless fuels could be burned, leading to considerable reductions in respiratory and cardiovascular disease across the city.
In contrast the detrimental impact of air pollution on mental health is a more recent discovery. Since the turn of the century, several studies have reported associations between air pollution and psychiatric disorders. For example, a recent investigation found that the risk of developing depression – the most prevalent mental disorder in the world characterised by with low mood and feeling helpless – is 50 per cent higher in people exposed to greater levels of air pollution. The risk of developing bipolar disorder – where people swing between feeling low and lethargic and feeling very high and hyperactive – is 29 per cent higher.
The risk of developing schizophrenia – a severe psychiatric disorder associated with hallucinations, delusions, paranoia and disorganised thought – is 147 per cent higher. And the risk of developing personality disorder – characterised by difficulties relating to other people and controlling impulses and emotions – is 162 per cent higher.
Similar findings have been reported for other mental health problems such as anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive decline and dementia. In addition, in people with a diagnosis of mental illness, high levels of air pollution are associated to worsening of symptoms, including more hospitalisations and emergency department visits. There is even evidence that air pollution leads to higher risk of self-harm and suicide in the general population.
Most of these effects have been reported across all stages of life, including children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. In addition it appears that prenatal exposure to air pollution, which occurs when the mother lives or works in close proximity of busy roadways, power plants, industrial facilities or other pollutant sources, can be as harmful as postnatal exposure.
Is there a safe threshold? A Swedish investigation of 5,000 children and adolescents found that living in areas with higher than average nitrogen dioxide concentration led to higher rates of prescribed medication for psychiatric disorders. Remarkably, this was the case even when the concentration of this pollutant was half of the recommended threshold by standard guidelines by the European Union and the World Health Organization. This is consistent with studies on the impact of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular disease, which have found no evidence for a “safe” level of exposure.
Explaining the link
So how does air pollution increase the risk of developing mental health issues? Although there is little disputing that exposure to air pollution is associated with higher risk of mental health issues, at present we have little understanding of the pathways that underlie this association. One possibility is that air pollutants enter the blood stream via inhalation into the lungs and reach the brain, causing harmful effects such as neuroinflammation, hormonal dysregulation and neurotoxicity.
Another possibility is that air pollution leads to changes in our day-to-day physical and/or social activities, which in turn have detrimental effects on our mental health. For example, high levels of air pollution can lead to a reduction in the amount of time people spend exercising or socialising outdoors, which in turn affects the release of endorphins and other mood-boosting hormones.
Another possible pathway is sleep: when pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and particular matter increase, people are more likely to experience sleep disturbances, including disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoxemia (i.e. low oxygen in the blood). These disturbances, when occurring over a protracted period of time, increase the risk of developing mental health issues.
Who is most vulnerable?
Children tend to be more vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution for at least two reasons. Firstly, they breathe more air per unit body weight and therefore, all other aspects equal, inhale more pollutants than adults. Secondly, their bodies are still developing and as such are more susceptible to damage, for example, exposure to traffic-related pollution leads to slower lung growth which, in turn, is linked with higher risk of developing chronic illness in adulthood.
People with low socioeconomic background also tend to be more vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution. This is because they are more likely to live in close proximity of busy roadways, power plants, industrial facilities and other sources of pollution; and less likely to live in proximity of green spaces or have access to high-quality health care.
Finally, vulnerability to the harmful effects of air pollution is greater in people who are experiencing psychosocial stress. For example, children are more likely to develop asthma from traffic-related air pollution if they are also exposed to intense parental stress. Similarly, adults are more likely to develop cancer from air pollution if they are also experiencing multiple adverse social conditions.
The overall vulnerability of an individual to the harmful effects of air pollution will therefore be especially high in people with low socioeconomic background who are under intense psychosocial stress. This means that reducing exposure to air pollution is only part of the solution; the other part must involve reducing the existing social inequalities which magnify the harmful effects of air pollution in disadvantaged communities.
How long do we have?
Most of these results are based on long-term exposure to air pollution over a period of several years. Yet recent evidence demonstrates that short-term exposure can also have a measurable adverse impact on our minds. For example, in a pioneering investigation examining the relationship between daily variation in air pollution and expressed happiness on social media, using 210 million geotagged tweets across 144 Chinese cities, increases in fine particular matter concentration were associated with lower levels of happiness.
This is consistent with earlier reports of greater risk of suicide and compulsive behaviours on days when air pollution is higher. The impact of short-term exposure is also evident in the brain. In particular, animal studies have shown that brief exposure to air pollutants is sufficient to cause changes in the brain which resemble the type of neurodegeneration typically observed in dementia.
The good news is that air pollution is controllable, and therefore its adverse effects on mental health could be prevented. Several studies have shown that improving air quality can have almost immediate health benefits.
For example, following improvements to air quality in Beijing at the time of the 2008 Olympic Games, beneficial effects were observed within a matter of months. These included higher infant birth weight and improvement in markers of cardiovascular health, such as blood pressure and heart rate, as well as markers of inflammation and thrombosis in young people. In addition, studies have shown a linear relationship between pollutant concentration and adverse health effects, suggesting that any reduction in air pollution would generate public health benefits. While these studies focused on physical health, one would expect similar immediate benefits in the domain of mental health.
How reliable are the research findings?
It is important to remind ourselves that these results are based on observational rather than experimental studies, and therefore it was not possible to demonstrate a causal relationship. This means that the observed associations between air pollution and mental illness could be due to other factors that happen to differ between people who live in areas with low and high air pollution, such as smoking or drinking.
Nevertheless, most studies were able to account for these factors by including them in the statistical modelling of the data. Furthermore, several studies have reported a so-called dose-response effect, meaning that the higher the exposure to air pollution the greater the adverse effects. This provides indirect evidence that air pollution does cause an increase in the risk of developing mental health issues.
If this interpretation of the data is correct, one would expect to be able to detect a biological impact of air pollution in the brain. Consistent with this expectation, long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, hormonal dysregulation and cerebrovascular changes in the human brain. Furthermore, animal studies, in which the amount of air pollution was experimentally manipulated, have confirmed that air pollutant exposure has neurotoxic effects in the brain and leads to impaired cognition as well as depression-like symptoms.
What can we do?
Despite a number of recent policies aimed at improving air quality, such as the introduction of the ultra low emission zone in London, levels of air pollution in our cities remain high.
It might be tempting to think that the solution is to abandon our cities and move to the countryside. In fact, it turns out that rural areas can be more polluted than urban areas – a surprising statistic that can be observed all over the world, and is particularly evident in developing countries.
Air pollution in rural areas tends to have both natural and human sources. Natural sources include forest fires, dust storms and underground coal fires, whereas human sources include indiscriminate use of insecticides and pesticides, burning of straw and other crop residue and the production of grain dust when cereal crops and maize are harvested. A further source of air pollution is the wind-propelled transport of emissions that originated far away – in some cases even continents away.
An alternative solution is to reduce our carbon footprint, for example by avoiding highly polluting diesel vehicles and boycotting companies which are responsible for high amounts of air pollution, to help create a cleaner and healthier environment. While the idea that we could all make a difference by adjusting our lifestyle might seem idealistic, the impact of our collective action on the quality of the air we breathe could be enormous.
But perhaps the most effective solution is to increase pressure on our politicians who have the power and responsibility to improve the quality of our air, for example through investment in clean and affordable public transport and housing. This is where our increasing knowledge and understanding of the pervasive impact of air pollution on our health become essential. We can use this knowledge and understanding to advocate for policies and practices that will improve the quality of the air we breathe.
It is time for the emerging evidence on air pollution and mental health to become part of this conversation, strengthening the case for cleaner air as a fundamental human right.
Andrea Mechelli is Professor of Early Intervention in Mental Health at King’s College London.


|Bowen Island Journal|
December 29, 2008
It's a classic Canadian moment here today. If you don't like the weather, come back in 15 minutes. It rained hard last night, and was a little sunny this morning but then thick cloud rolled in and it has been raining showers of thick drops all day. Just as I'm heading to Snug Cove to get the ferry, it starts to snow again. There is no rhyme or reason to this. It's like some petulant child is fooling with the weather controls - windy, calm, rain, fog, snow. Even the meteorologists have given up. The forecast for the next four days is partly cloudy with rain and snow with occaisional wind. That is covering your ass par excellence.


Happy snow day, fellow mad scientists! Whether you have the day off and you’re sitting at home sipping on hot chocolate, or you had to trudge through the snow and traffic to get to work or school, it’s hard to deny the beauty of a good snowfall!
But not only is snow pretty to look at, it’s actually really cool too! And in case you’re wondering how snow is made or what it does when it falls, fear not! We’ve been up since before dawn, collecting snowflakes, analyzing them, and coming up with some neat information to quench your curiosity. So without further ado, here is our science of snow!
The first thing you need to know is that a snowflake is actually an accumulation of snow crystals that forms when the atmospheric temperature is at or below freezing (32 degrees Fahrenheit, or 0 degrees Celsius). These flakes, which would normally be rain if it was warm enough, then fall to the ground and stay frozen if the ground temperature is at or below freezing as well.
However, snow can still reach the ground as snowflakes even when the ground temperature is above freezing, but only if it’s below 41 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius). As the flakes enter the warmer ground temperature, they begin to melt. But this melting causes the air immediately around it to cool, which slows the melting process, allowing the flake to stay frozen. How cool is that!?
As for what happens to the snow once it reaches the ground, it depends on the conditions. If there’s a heavy wind while it snows, the snowflakes can get broken into fragments, which allows them to become more densely packed. The size, shape, and texture of snowflakes can change over time, even if the ground temperature stays freezing, but they can of course melt and refreeze as the temperature fluctuates, changing the snow to slush or ice. And if more snow falls later on, this can further impact the snow as well.
- Snowflakes usually reach a size of about 0.5 inches in diameter
- Under just the right conditions (light wind, freezing temperature, etc.), flakes can get as big as 2 inches across!
- While it can be too warm to snow, it can never be too cold
- Snow requires moisture, so even the coldest areas of the world that are dry rarely get snow
- Snow reflects high levels of ultraviolet (UV) light, and can cause snow blindness (or photokeratitis). Be sure to put on those safety goggles (or sunglasses)!
- The highest snowfall ever recorded in a one-year period was 1,224 inches in Mount Rainier, Washington in 1971
So there’s your up-to-the-minute snow research report! Be sure to check out The Science Hub for more cool science and weather information, and don’t forget to subscribe and comment below with your best snow story! Until next time, mad scientists!


Has Sydney felt more like Cairns lately? You’re not imagining it – millions of Australians up and down the east coast have sweltered through exceptionally high humidity in recent weeks.
It’s due to normal weather patterns combined with a boost from global warming. Right now, the temperature of the sea surface is 1–3°C above normal for this time of year up and down the east coast. It’s particularly hot around the Queensland-New South Wales border and Tasmania’s east coast.
When we have high ocean temperatures, we get more water evaporating. This is taken up by the air, which can hold more moisture when the air is hotter. This moist air is then carried to us by winds, and the sweating begins.
Where does humidity come from?
Humidity is just gaseous water held in the air after evaporating from liquid water or ice. It is called a vapour because it condenses into rain — the more humid, the more likely rain is.
Higher humidity makes us feel hotter in warm weather, and slows the drying of laundry on a clothesline or of plants in the garden.
How do we measure it? Two common ways are the “dew point” and “relative humidity”.
At any given air temperature, there’s a limit to how much vapour the air will retain. Any vapour above this limit will just condense out. But the limit roughly doubles with every 10°C of warming; the dew point is the temperature where the vapour would hit the limit. The less vapour there is in the air, the colder the dew point.
Relative humidity is the ratio of how much vapour the air has compared to the maximum it would retain.
If you’re in Tasmania and see that relative humidity is at 100%, you might be confused. But this measure essentially tracks how “full” the air is. At 100% relative humidity, the dew point matches the actual temperature and no more vapour can be added. If the dew point is 10°C below the actual temperature, relative humidity is about 50%.
How do we measure it? The dew point can be measured directly using a chilled mirror and a laser to detect condensation. More often it’s calculated from measurements of relative humidity and temperature.
Relative humidity determines whether material exposed to the air will moisten or dry out. That’s why relative-humidity sensors use cheap water-absorbing materials (early ones used a strand of human hair!).
What does a changing climate mean for humidity?
The world’s higher ocean temperatures are unambiguously attributable to global warming, largely from the greenhouse gases we have added by burning fossil fuels. To date, more than 90% of all the extra heat thereby trapped has gone into the oceans.
The amount of water vapour over the oceans has increased by roughly 5% since the industrial era began, in lockstep with global warming.
Global warming will continue until we stop it. That means the atmosphere will keep getting more humid.
If the world manages to keep global warming below 2°C, we should avoid the worst health outcomes from more humidity. But even then, we would expect up to another 5% increase in peak water vapour.
Two trillion tonnes of greenhouse gases, 25 billion nukes of heat: are we pushing Earth out of the Goldilocks zone?
Right now, we are seeing higher-than-normal temperatures in most of our surrounding oceans, with only a few exceptions. The areas hit hardest by rising humidity are mostly those that are already humid, like Queensland and the Northern Territory.
Although peak dew points are rising, you may be confused to hear average relative humidity is actually falling over land. That’s because the land is warming so fast the average dew points aren’t quite keeping up with temperature, lowering the ratio.
That means, alas, that Australia faces a double whammy: increasing water stress and bushfire risk as well as sweatier summers.
Fire regimes around Australia shifted abruptly 20 years ago – and falling humidity is why
Humidity can be very dangerous
Our natural cooling system in hot weather is evaporation of sweat. Sweat forms on your skin, and the air evaporates it, taking the heat with it.
But this only works to a point. When the dew point is higher, our self-cooling methods get less and less effective. How important this is depends on how hot you feel. On a moderate but muggy day, you might feel fine until you need to climb four flights of stairs and end up sweaty and exhausted. On a hotter but less muggy day you’d feel the heat at the outset, but would more easily handle the stairs.
The Bureau of Meteorology uses something called “apparent temperature” to capture the combined effect of temperature and humidity, although this assumes you’re not exerting yourself.
How you feel with more exertion can be captured by other measures, such as the “wet bulb globe temperature” now being used at sporting events such as the Australian Open.
The Bureau has recently begun providing humidity and apparent temperature forecasts as a beta product, which is great for activity planning.
This type of information will become more important as the heat builds. As humidity increases during peak humid heat episodes, it makes heat stress worse and moves us toward our body’s physical limits.
Recent research has shown the combination of humidity and heat could make parts of the planet unlivable if Paris Agreement targets are not met, beginning in India and spreading elsewhere in the tropics – including the Top End of Australia.
We need to prepare now for increasing heat, while doing everything we can to stop the routine burning of fossil fuels as soon as possible to maintain a margin of safety for humanity.
How 2023’s record heat worsened droughts, floods and bushfires around the world


“Breathe Life – How air pollution impacts your body”
Barnet UNISON notes the dangers air pollution can have on our members working in Barnet.
We have already started discussions with Barnet Council about what can be done to mitigate the dangers of breathing in polluted air.
It is important our members understand the risks and what measures their employer can take to help both mitigate and or reduce the risk of air pollution.
The following video entitled “Breathe Life – How air pollution impacts your body” was made by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
It is a short and easy to understand video.
There is a Climate Emergency and it is impacting on all of us now. It would be wrong to ignore it. Action is needed now. Please keep up to date by ensuring you receive our weekly Barnet UNISON eNews email by contacting the branch on 0208 359 2088 or email firstname.lastname@example.org


A few months after superstorm sandy slammed into the east coast, a group of 60 experts gathered for a workshop to ask what went so wrong. In our recent posts about hurricane sandy, we analyzed the impacts of the super storm on internet connectivity in the northeastern us. Chapter 1 | sandy and its impacts 10 way to give rise to the catastrophic impacts of previous record of 10 feet, set when hurricane. Abstract this paper analyzes the effects of hurricane sandy on the new york city housing mar- ket using a large parcel-level dataset that. Hurricane sandy is the most recent event to expose the vulnerability of the united states to extreme weather this fact sheet highlights the historical magnitude.
Hurricane sandy caused $50 billion in damage, making it the second-worst storm in us history find out why, and how it compares to other storms. The full moon of october may go unseen along the us east coast due to hurricane sandy, but its effect on the storm will be felt the full. Hurricane sandy (27 october 2012) impacted the coast from north carolina to northern new england cse's project at nags head fared well (wral), but. Hurricane sandy is shaping up to be one of the biggest storms ever to hit economists say some of the impact caused by businesses closing.
But five years ago, when superstorm sandy took its famous left turn to to get a handle on the effects of climate change on extreme weather. Breezy point in the rockaways was one of the communities hardest hit by hurricane sandy in 2012 now it's on the road to recovery. Hurricane/ post-tropical storm sandy struck the new jersey coast on october 29 , 2012, inflicting billions of dollars of damage this report.
Economic impact of hurricane sandy potential economic activity lost and gained in new jersey and new york table of contents page executive summary. Tens of millions of people braced themselves for the arrival of hurricane sandy on sunday, as the gigantic storm threatened to unleash. High short-term costs, low long-term effect while the staggering cost of hurricane sandy is still being calculated, insurance companies and risk management. Norc | the lasting impacts of superstorm sandy: an analysis of those suffering with poor mental health after the storm norc working paper series | i. Nick summers last night was a the big one, and this morning there's a lot of damage everywhere how will this effect you here's what we.
Hurricane sandy struck coastal areas in the new york/new jersey area on in new york the effects of hurricane sandy were also severe,. Hurricane sandy gave a terrifying preview of its fury monday, knocking high- wind warnings were in effect through 6 pm tuesday, and there. Breezy point isn't next to the beach—it more or less is the beach it's a community built on sand occupying the rockaway peninsula that juts.
Assessing the vulnerability of structures and residential communities to storm surge: an analysis of flood impact during hurricane sandy. The goal of the summary report is to effectively communicate the integrated impacts of hurricane sandy to us congressional leadership and the broader public. Hurricane sandy made landfall on the east coast this week and due to its unusual west-turning track, it came ashore midway in the eastern. Much like the rest of new york city, the new york botanical garden did not escape the devastation of hurricane sandy in october 2012 the 50-acre thain.
Case study – hurricane sandy new york and its history of storms new york city is no stranger to the effects of tropical storms and hurricanes in fact, being. Is hurricane sandy capable of altering the election result clear up well ahead of election day, but the impact could be felt in the turnout. Gauging hurricane sandy's ultimate impact on the us economy is far more complex than merely adding up insurance payouts and uninsured.


Delta IV Heavy, the most powerful rocket launched by the United Launch Alliance is up in the space to study sun’s atmosphere. The spacecraft was launched on Sunday morning and is bound for the Sun. The top of the rocket has NASA’s Parker Solar Probe that has embarked on the first ever mission into the Sun’s atmosphere – the corona.
The course of journey to the sun is seven years. During these years, Parker will perform seven flybys of Venus. It will use planet’s gravity to go faster and spiral in closer towards the centre of the Solar System.
As Parker will enter Sun’s corona, it will study the energetic particles in the region to solve the mysteries of the area. The area is about 300 times hotter than the surface of the Sun. It records a temperature of more than 3 million degrees Fahrenheit. The major aim of NASA is to understand how corona constantly breaks away from the Sun, flows outward and bathes the planet in the Solar System.


Includes the Counties: Southern Saratoga,
Including The Cities Of Ballston Spa, Clifton Park, Mechanicville,
Wednesday...Mostly sunny in the morning, then mostly cloudy with rain in the afternoon. Highs in the lower 60s. Southeast winds 5 to 10 mph, increasing to around 15 mph with gusts up to 30 mph in the afternoon. Chance of rain 90 percent.
Thursday...Showers, breezy, cooler with highs in the lower 50s. Northwest winds 15 to 25 mph with gusts up to 35 mph. Chance of rain 80 percent.
Friday...Mostly cloudy in the morning, then becoming partly sunny. Highs in the mid 50s.
Saturday...Mostly clear. Highs in the upper 50s. Lows in the upper 30s.
Sunday...Partly cloudy. Highs in the lower 60s. Lows in the mid 40s.
Monday...Partly sunny. A chance of showers in the afternoon. Highs in the mid 60s. Chance of rain 30 percent.
Tuesday...Mostly cloudy with a 50 percent chance of showers. Lows in the lower 50s. Highs in the mid 60s.


Minimizing Air Emissions
Like all combustion processes (e.g., cars, trucks, fossil-fuel power plants, landfill gas to energy) and nearly all waste management processes (e.g., landfilling, composting, anaerobic digestion, recycling), Energy-from-Waste (EfW) facilities have air emissions. To minimize emissions, EfW facilities employ a carefully controlled combustion process with temperatures in excess of 2,000°F and sophisticated air pollution control equipment. Emissions are monitored both continuously and with periodic testing performed by regulator-approved third parties. 99.9% of what comes out of the stack is comprised of normal components of air, including water vapor, nitrogen, oxygen and CO2.
Since the implementation of stringent air pollution standards, such as the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, emissions from the industry have dropped dramatically, as the result of both closing outdated facilities and installing new air pollution control equipment. Emissions from Covanta’s facilities continue to decrease. Since the start of the company’s sustainability program in 2007, emissions of pollutants at Covanta operated facilities, as measured over the three-year period from 2017–2019, have decreased by up to 72% (Figure 1). In addition to our continued focus on operations and system optimization, our capital improvements are paying dividends in reducing emissions. The new baghouse installation we completed at our Essex County facility in 2016 continues to perform well, having reduced pollutants by up to 90%. Our proprietary low nitrous oxide system (Low NOx™), already installed in 24 units, helps us control NOx emissions and reduce reagent consumption. We are currently planning on installing the technology in nine additional units.
View Detailed 2019 Performance by Facility
These emissions reductions support Covanta’s strong record of consistently falling well below federal regulatory limits for emissions (Figure 2). More information is available in our white paper on EfW Emissions.
Covanta Americas 2017–2019 EfW Emissions Compared to 2007
Figure 1. Since Covanta launched its sustainability program in 2007, emissions of pollutants at Covanta-operated facilities, as measured over the three‐year period from 2017–2019, have decreased by up to 72%.
Covanta Americas 2017–2019 EfW Emissions Compared to Federal Standards
Figure 2. In the U.S., air emissions from Covanta usually operate at 60 to 90 percent or more below permitted parameters.
Detailed Facility Performance
Select an individual U.S. facility to see detailed 2019 environmental performance on life cycle GHG emissions, electricity generation, metals recycling, emissions performance relative to federal guidelines and emissions compared to total emissions in the local county.


Air pollution from coal coal miner from appalachia tells trump his plan to loosen regulations on coal-fired plants not only is harmful to the environment,. Air pollution comes from many air pollution emissions overview air pollution emissions overview the seal of the united states environmental protection. Foreign direct investment and the environment: from pollution havens to sustainable development a wwf-uk report by nick mabey and richard mcnally.
Introduction pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem. If a province failed to control pollution into the marine environment, when environmental issues retreat to the environmental policy in canada: an overview. Environmental journals bring together all the available literature in the field of environmental an overview : 0222 : citations environment pollution and.
The environmental issues part of global issues web site looks at issues such as biodiversity, climate change and global warming, genetically engineered or modified food, human population, animal and nature conservation and natural disasters. Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment is considered air pollution. News and blog articles about the environment and information on current environmental issues and natural environment pollution, earth times aims to.
Livestock and the environment the mpca or delegated counties also issue permits for feedlot program overview author: minnesota pollution control. Executive summary the asia-pacific across a range of environmental issues and trans-national and plants and the marine environment from ship pollution,. Air pollution can also be generated by natural events such as bush fires and can contain windblown dust, pollen and mould spores the composition of air pollution can vary greatly, depending on the season, the weather and the types and numbers of sources. Air pollution is a mixture of natural and man-made substances in the air we breathe it is typically separated into two categories: outdoor air. Environmental pollution is an international journal that seeks to publish papers that report results from original, novel research that addresses significant environmental pollution issues and problems and contribute new knowledge to science.
Pollution & environmental issues - chapter summary what we eat and breathe and chemicals we are exposed to all play a major part in our health. Air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution are among the different ways to contaminate the environment. Information on the environment for those involved in developing, adopting, water pollution — overview pdf page. Find out more about the history of water and air pollution, including videos, interesting articles, pictures, in 2006, the environmental news service. What is environmental pollution pollution is the contamination of the environment by introduction of contaminants that can cause damage to environment and harm or discomfort to humans or other living species.
Vietnam - environmental and pollution control equipment and servicesvietnam - environmental this is a best prospect industry sector for this country includes a market overview and trade data. Overview plastic packaging environmental effects of plastic pollution it is not just the accumulation of plastics that harms the environment—it is also. Instead—and hopefully more valuably—this report provides an overview of important environmental issues and presents a framework for organizing environmental research.
Every day, added pressures such as loss of habitat, illegal trade, over-hunting, pollution, and the effects of climate change and economic development take their toll on the world's wildlife some 34,000 plant species, or 125 per cent of the world's flora, are under threat. ----- water pollution problems of the great lakes we begin to be masters of our environment in the state of new tork a bond issue totaling. Read more about the different international environmental agreements of the environment's in combatting pollution in the marine environment and.Download an overview of the issue of pollution in the environment`


After sweltering through above average temperatures for three days, south-east Queensland will enjoy a cooler change on Wednesday.
But before you break out the scarf, that cooler change is only going to take us back to close-to-average temperatures, with an expected top of 33 degrees.
However, Weatherzone figures (below) show that an official temperature in the low-30s can still "feel" closer to 40 degrees.
If that sounds like a disappointing cool change, it is a full 3.2 degrees lower than it was in Brisbane city on Tuesday and four degrees cooler than the top temperature recorded at Archerfield airport.
While the temperature on Tuesday didn't quite reach the 38 degrees the bureau had predicted for yesterday, it was still a scorcher, with many patients transported treated by Queensland Ambulance for heat-related illnesses.
Between 8am and 5.30pm on Tuesday, 26 people were treated by paramedics for heat-related incidents.
Several students at Macgregor High School were treated by paramedics after they were evacuated from classrooms due to a bomb hoax, five of them were taken to hospital.
The very welcome cool change will possibly bring with it some showers, with rain predicted for overnight and the possibility of a thunderstorm on the Sunshine Coast.
"Some slightly cooler air in the south-east will see some lower temperatures," a forecaster at the Bureau of Meteorology told Fairfax Media.
"With the clouds thickening up overnight there's a high chance of showers in the morning with some showers lingering into the afternoon."
The cool change also means that a return to average temperatures, about 29 or 30 degrees can be looked forward to for the next week.
It also sees an end to the unpredictable storm activity we have been experiencing lately with no storms expected from Thursday.


Tropical Cyclone Kimi has authorities on high alert. 18. “We won’t see the magnitude of rainfall that we would have if the system crossed the coast,” she said. , Forecast Track Map (QLD) for TC Kimi. The BOM has cancelled its warning between Port Douglas and Innisfail, including Cairns as the cyclone moves south. “It’s fantastic news that the cyclone watch has been cancelled,” she said. Tue, 5 January 2021 6:48AM. Southeast QLD flooded as Cyclone Kimi weakens Ben Domensino, Tuesday January 19, 2021 - 09:23 EDT A lot has happened in Queensland during the last 24 hours, from a tropical cyclone no-show to flooding rain and severe thunderstorms. Jan 18, 2021. Qld Cyclone Kimi weakens to tropical low Cyclone Kimi has been downgraded in Queensland but emergency services are alert for possible flooding and forecasters are warning of another potential cyclone. Local News. There will be no further track maps issued unless the system reintensifies. However, heavy rainfall with the potential to produce flash flooding and major river flooding may affect coastal areas between Innisfail and Bowen on Tuesday. Twitter. Ms Sciacca said they had only just finished paying off their debt from the last cyclone in 2011. A NOTE ABOUT RELEVANT ADVERTISING: We collect information about the content (including ads) you use across this site and use it to make both advertising and content more relevant to you on our network and other sites. The tenth tropical low and third tropical cyclone of the 2020–21 Australian region cyclone season, Kimi originated from a weak tropical low which formed northeast of Queensland on 16 January. “We may be talking about cyclones once again sometime in the next week or too.”, Ex-tropical cyclone Kimi is still expected to bring rainfall to the north Queensland coast.Source:Supplied. The Bureau of Meteorology had earlier described the system as “erratic” and “unusually unpredictable” after it repeatedly shifted direction. "QPS are pre-deploying officers from the Cairns area down to the Tully and Cardwell area and also bringing police officers up to the Ingham area," he said. The … Forecast Track Map (QLD) for TC Kimi . Tropical Cyclone Kimi Forecast Track Map issued by the Bureau of Meteorology at 7:57 a.m. on Jan. 18, 2020. Areas Affected: Warning Zone Port Douglas to Ayr and inland to Mareeba and Atherton, including Cairns and Townsville. Watch Zone None. #CycloneKimi https://t.co/99wWFC8jCz pic.twitter.com/7yQkGvYHGy. Here's why a lot of them will be gone tomorrow, 'Remember this call': Man's warning to DV service before bludgeoning partner dead was ignored, coroner finds, Banks pressure customers to make unrealistic lump sums as loan deferrals end, Alibaba's Jack Ma makes first public appearance since October in online meeting, Donald Trump pardons Steve Bannon during his final hours in office, The differences between men and women who kill their children, Australia's next submarine fleet faces criticism over rising costs and milestone delays. Police Investigate Smoky Bay Jetty Fire. Jan 18, 2021. Cyclone Kimi approaches far north Queensland, while WA coast feels the effects of another cyclone Alan Kohler gives The New Daily readers reasons to feel better in 2021 … People need to listen to the messaging,” he said. A lot has happened in Queensland during the last 24 hours, from a tropical cyclone no-show to flooding rain and severe thunderstorms. “We continue to have a chance of seeing storm development in the region today,” she said. A warning has been issued for an area covering from Port Douglas to Lucinda. Assistant District Officer Mark Lingwood said emergency services were deploying staff to the regions, with strong gales and heavy rainfall still predicted for the region. James Hall and Ellen Ransley NCA NewsWire January 18, 2021 6:47pm Local News. Bureau of Meteorology forecaster Laura Boekel said earlier on Monday the expectation was for the system to start to weaken. Jan 18, 2021. January 18 2021 - 6:26PM ... Qld cyclone strengthens, barrels south Marty Silk; ... Queensland Fire and Emergency Services issued an emergency alert cyclone warning for … Weather Situation: At 10am AEST, ex-tropical cyclone Imogen was located over land about 140km east of Normanton and was moving slowly east-southeast. Tropical cyclone forms in far north Qld Callum Godde. Jan 18, 2021. News Queensland Cyclone warning for Gulf country and far north Queensland 3:54pm, Jan 3, 2021 Updated: 3:57pm, Jan 3 A BoM's plot of the tropical depression's path to becoming a full-blown cyclone. The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) says it is now unlikely weakening Tropical Cyclone Kimi will significantly impact the north Queensland coast. Mon 4 Jan 2021 21.37 EST Life-threatening flash flooding and up to 300mm of rain are possible in parts of northern Queensland as ex-Tropical Cyclone Imogen tracks across the … Cyclone Kimi weakens to tropical low off far north Queensland coast. Local News. TOP PRIORITY FOR IMMEDIATE BROADCAST TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 9 Issued at 10:34 am EST on Monday 18 January 2021. 0. — Bureau of Meteorology, Queensland (@BOM_Qld) January 17, 2021. North Queensland has been spared from ex-tropical cyclone Kimi, but there are warnings another system could form by the weekend. Tue, 5 January 2021 8:42PM Flood warnings are current for a number of northern Queensland locations after ex-cyclone Imogen. ABC Emergency has created a check list.Read more. Queensland Fire and Emergency Services Commissioner Greg Leach said it was disappointing to see so many people ignore warnings. As of 1000 AEST Jan. 17, the storm's center of circulation was approximately 209 km (130 miles) north-northeast of Cairns. Cancellation Severe Thunderstorm Warning - Southeast Queensland for Gympie, Redland City, Sunshine Coast, Noosa, Brisbane City and Moreton Bay Council Areas. **North Queensland Severe Weather Warning extended south** latest S ... 4 January 2021. Another low formed northeast of Cocos Islands which lasted for five days and dissipated on January 10. TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 11. Local News. Meanwhile, southeast Queensland copped a dumping overnight as severe thunderstorms threatened residents from Gympie to the Bayside. Why Toyota believes a self-drifting car project could save l... Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. The cyclone is currently moving south-southeast and is likely to continue in the same direction throughout the night, bringing with it destructive winds with gusts of up to 150 kilometres per hour, and heavy rainfall. Cyclone continues to threaten Qld coast Marty Silk 18 Jan 2021, 10:21 p.m. National News. Ayr Details: QLD Flood Watch: Coastal Catchments Between Cairns and Ayr Issued at 11:09 am EST on Monday 18 January 2021 Flood Watch Number: 4 Minor to moderate flooding possible from Monday. The Bureau of Meteorology on Sunday declared the formation of tropical cyclone Kimi - a category one system - about 140km northeast of … Meteorologist David Grant said there was “early indication” another cyclone could form next week. All times AEDT (GMT +11). The cyclone warning zone has been cancelled between Lucinda to Bowen; however, the BOM warns winds of … ... Other towns within the warning area include Cooktown, Cairns, and Innisfail Breaking News Headlines for Brisbane and Queensland ... 2021 - 8:14PM. Stay safe and informed with ABC's checklists & survival kits. "The latest guide no longer has Kimi crossing the coast, but it does have it meandering in the ocean, weakening as it moves south and looping back and continuing to weaken as it moves north up the coast as a low pressure system," she said. "You never forget, and you never forget the feelings… they stay with you forever.". Easing restrictions for Greater Brisbane - The Tasmanian Government has moved to allow people from Greater Brisbane to travel here. Hit music and high school hits every day. Areas Affected: Warning Zone Port Douglas to Ayr and inland to Mareeba and Atherton, including Cairns and Townsville. Picture: Patrick Hamilton/ AFPSource:AFP. Forecast Track Map (QLD) issued at 0356 UTC Monday 18 January 2021 Tropical Cyclone Advice issued at 0347 UTC Monday 18 January 2021; Ocean Wind Warning issued at 0037 UTC Monday 18 January 2021; Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin issued at 0143 UTC Monday 18 January 2021 Latest tropical cyclone warning from the BOM - warning area remains the same, track movement slightly south. EX-TROPICAL CYCLONE IMOGEN TO PRODUCE WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAIN ACROSS THE NORTH. Cyclone Kimi is weakening off the far north Queensland coast, with forecasters saying significant impacts on the coast are becoming less likely. Earlier this year, the bureau predicted a very wet summer for Queensland with four cyclones possible between January and March 2021, where two of … Play Video. A flood warning was current for the affected areas. Nick Gibbs and Cheryl Goodenough AAP. Queensland Fire and Emergency Services issued an emergency alert cyclone warning for Palm Island residents at 4.50pm AEST, with Kimi expected to pass near the island within 24 hours. Cyclone Kimi forms off Queensland By Jess van Vonderen Posted 4 h hours ago Sun Sunday 17 Jan January 2021 at 3:08am , updated 21 m minutes ago Sun Sunday 17 Jan January 2021 at 7:28am There are a number of things you should do to make sure your family and property are prepared for a cyclone and its aftermath. "It's just damaging to the soul and to the finances. CFS Warnings; Subscribe; AFL News; Tasting Arno Long Lunch To Help Support Community Groups . Shows. January 19 2021 - 3:47AM. A warning is … “So be mindful that Mother Nature hasn’t quite turned the tap off yet. “They need to do the right thing and stop putting themselves at risk.”. Nationwide News Pty Limited Copyright © 2021. Mon, 18 January 2021 3:22AM Tropical cyclone Kimi has intensified into a category two system, with gusts of up to 130km/h. Speaking after a Queensland Disaster Management Committee meeting, Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk said there was still a flood watch that authorities would monitor over the coming days. "In the longer term, the remnants of the system are expected to begin tracking back towards the north-north-west as a weak tropical low," the site read. Local News. Listen live on your phone or tablet 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to 107.7 Sea FM. 8:46am Jan 18, 2021. Looking ahead, showers will clear off the coast in the days ahead; however, cloudy conditions and cooler temperatures will stick around until at least Thursday. Watch Zone None. North Queensland has been spared from ex-tropical cyclone Kimi, but there are warnings another system could form by the weekend. ... A cyclone warning is broadcast on the road safety electronic sign near … QLD miners bunker down for ex-Tropical Cyclone Kimi January 19, 2021 News Salomae Haselgrove Salomae Haselgrove Tropical Cyclone Kimi hovering off the North Queensland coast. While north Queensland has escaped the wrath of ex-tropical cyclone Kimi, the Bureau of Meteorology is warning Mother Nature hasn’t “turned the tap off yet” with the chance of another cyclone forming in the next week. BOM forecaster Rosa Hoff said there was still a chance of heavy rain on the periphery of the system this week that could bring falls of between 20-50 mm between Innisfail and Proserpine. January 18 2021 - 6:26PM ... Queensland Fire and Emergency Services issued an emergency alert cyclone warning for Palm Island residents at 4.50pm AEST, with Kimi expected to … Current Vacancies; How to Apply … Towns from Innisfail to Ayr, in Far North Queensland, including Lucinda, Palm Island and Townsville are in the warning zone. Tropical Cyclone Joshua is moving to the west southwest over the central Indian Ocean delivering some wild weather for parts of the WA coast. QLD miners bunker down for ex-Tropical Cyclone Kimi January 19, 2021 News Salomae Haselgrove Salomae Haselgrove Tropical Cyclone Kimi hovering off the North Queensland coast. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), Live: Trump won't pardon himself, his family or lawyer Rudy Giuliani, White House official says, The @POTUS Twitter account has 33.3 million followers. Cancelled zone: None. Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. Townsville airport announced it would close from 10:00pm Monday as a result of the weather warnings.


212200- Wayne- Including the cities of Allerton, Corydon, Humeston, and Seymour 536 AM CST Thu Feb 21 2019
Today Sunny until late afternoon then becoming partly sunny. High in the mid 30s. West wind near 5 mph shifting to the northeast around 5 mph in the afternoon. Tonight Mostly cloudy. Low 15 to 20. East wind 5 to 10 mph. Friday Partly sunny. High in the mid 30s. East wind 10 to 15 mph. Friday night Cloudy. Not as cold. A chance of freezing drizzle possibly mixed with drizzle through midnight, then freezing drizzle possibly mixed with drizzle after midnight. Low around 30. Southeast wind 5 to 10 mph. Chance of precipitation 70 percent. Saturday Cloudy. A chance of drizzle in the morning, then rain in the afternoon. High in the upper 30s. East wind 5 to 15 mph. Gusts up to 25 mph in the afternoon. Chance of rain 90 percent. Saturday night Cloudy. Rain and snow through midnight, then a chance of light snow after midnight. Patchy blowing snow through the night. Windy. Light snow accumulations possible. Low in the lower 20s. Chance of precipitation 80 percent. Sunday Mostly sunny. Breezy, colder. High in the upper 20s. Sunday night Partly cloudy. Colder. Low 5 to 10 above. Monday Mostly cloudy. High in the mid 20s. Monday night Mostly cloudy with a 20 percent chance of light snow. Low around 15. Tuesday Mostly cloudy with a 30 percent chance of light snow. High around 30. Tuesday night Mostly cloudy. Low around 10. Wednesday Mostly cloudy with a 20 percent chance of light snow. High in the lower 20s.
Snow, rain Thursday in Desert Southwest, which will move into the Rockies and Plains overnight. Central and southeastern U.S. areas will end the week with rain, freezing precip and snow. » More DTN Weather Commentary
Posted at 2:07PM Wed Feb 20, 2019 CST
Click here to get your local weather emailed to you each day.


To access OCENS GRIB Explorer, install Globalstar Modem Software first.
Great weather information is now available in very small packages. GRIB Explorer harnesses the power of GRIB weather and ocean data in a simple, easy-to-use graphical user interface.
GRIB, short for GRIdded Binary, data presents weather and ocean information tailor-made for the Globalstar user. Because its format is inherently compressed, GRIB data enables the retrieval of several days’ worth of weather forecasts through your Globalstar phone in just seconds. And with a simple interface operating in synchrony with the streamlined data access engine of OCENS WeatherNet, GRIB Explorer helps you stay ahead of the weather or on top of the ocean conditions important to you.
OCENS is a leading software provider that helps people to affordably access and use weather, ocean and earth information anywhere in the world.