South Florida was put under a tropical storm watch Thursday afternoon with Isaias expected to approach Florida and the Bahamas as a Category 1 hurricane by Saturday.
In an 8 p.m. update, the National Hurricane Center said Tropical Storm Isaias has lost some forward speed but is still expected over the next couple of days. The center of Isaias is forecast to be near the Central Bahamas Friday night and move near or over the Northwestern Bahamas and near South Florida on Saturday.
The storm has already crossed the mountains of Hispaniola while flooding roads and homes in Puerto Rico and blowing roofs away in Haiti.
The NHC ordered a tropical storm watch from Ocean Reef northward to Sebastian Inlet, Florida, Thursday afternoon, and the government of the Bahamas has issued a hurricane warning for the Northwestern Bahamas, which includes the Abacos Islands, Grand Bahamas Island and Andros Island.
The Bahamas are the first region to issue a hurricane warning for Isaias.
Some areas of the Bahamas, particularly Marsh Harbour on Great Abaco, are still in shambles less than a year after being slammed by Cat 5 Hurricane Dorian.
Forecasters aren’t expecting anything like that from Isaias once it fully re-enters the ocean north of Hispaniola, but they cranked the intensity prediction up a notch to at least a Category 1 hurricane by Saturday morning as it moves through the Bahamas. The impact on South Florida will depend both on the storm’s strength and its proximity to the coast — both still uncertain measures.
“It still needs to be stressed that there is a higher than usual amount of uncertainty in the intensity forecast,” forecasters wrote in the 5 p.m. update.
Water temperatures along Isaias’ predicted path are running three to four degrees above normal, which could fuel a stronger storm. Higher sea surface temperatures are one of the main ways climate change is affecting hurricane formation, and the record-setting heat seen in this region over the summer is one of the reasons scientists predicted this would be an active hurricane season.
At a Thursday evening press conference, Gov. Ron DeSantis urged Floridians to be prepared with seven days worth of food, water and medicine.
“While we can’t be certain of the exact track of the storm, and we certainly can’t be sure about the intensity it’s expected to reach, we do expect to see impacts to the state of Florida, even if the storm remains off our shore, which is the current forecast,” he said.
As of Thursday evening, the National Weather Service predicted that Miami’s peak winds could be 23 mph with 34 mph gusts around 1 a.m. Saturday. In Fort Lauderdale, they could be 20 mph with 30 mph gusts Saturday around 7 a.m. In Palm Beach, it could be 25 mph winds with 38 mph gusts around 9 p.m. Saturday.
Neither Miami-Dade nor the state plan to open shelters under the current prediction of a Tropical Storm, dodging — for now — a test of the efficacy of plans to enforce COVID screening and social distancing within hurricane shelters.
“We have 20 shelters basically on stand-by. We’ve sent the equipment that’s needed to open them,” Mayor Carlos Gimenez said in an online press conference Thursday from the county’s Emergency Operations center in Doral before the NHC upped Isaias to a likely hurricane. ”At this point, we’re not opening them,” he said. “We may pull the trigger on opening some shelters, depending on the forecast strength and the direction.”
COVID-19 testing sites across South Florida will be closed from Thursday evening to Tuesday morning.
Roman Gastesi, Monroe County administrator, said the Keys will likely close its government offices on Friday but that no evacuations were planned.
“We can probably make that determination later today or tomorrow morning,” Gastesi said during a Thursday morning conference call with other county and municipal officials. Gastesi was referring to whether they would close their offices.
The latest forecast from the National Weather Service was promising for the Keys, showing the storm progressing up the coast farther east than forecasters predicted yesterday.
If Isaias strengthens as it heads over the Florida Straits, that will be good news for the Keys and South Florida because it means the center will likely stay east of the region, said John Rizzo, warning coordinator meteorologist at National Weather Service Key West.
If it leaves Hispaniola disorganized, the conditions over the Keys are expected to be more dangerous, Rizzo said.
“Only if it weakens do we see strong squalls over the Florida Keys,” Rizzo said.
In Port-de-Paix in Haiti’s northwest region, tops were blown off houses by Isaias’ gusty winds and rains that came on and off throughout the day. The outdoor markets were closed, and the wooden sloops that normally transport Haitians between the city and the island of Île de la Tortue also ceased operation due to the rough seas. Making the day equally difficult for many in the city is a shortage of fuel that paralyzed public transport.
In Puerto Rico, Isaias’ heavy rain flooded streets and homes and caused landslides that blocked mountain roads. Municipalities in the center of the Island like Aguas Buenas and Aibonito saw water levels rise in rivers and cause flash flooding. Close to the coast in Mayagüe, the rain accumulation caused the Yagüez river to flood the town in residential areas, leaving thousands of homes underwater.
The 60-mph winds and higher gusts blew over trees and power lines, causing major blackouts around the island. According to the Electric Energy Authority of Puerto Rico, around 400,000 families were without power Thursday morning, which represents 25 percent of its clients.
“The emotional state of people is deteriorating more every day,” Santos Seda, mayor of the southwest town of Guánica, told The Associated Press
Tropical storm warnings are still in effect for the Dominican Republic’s entire southern and northern coastlines. Warnings are also in effect along the north coast of Haiti from Le Môle, St.-Nicholas eastward to the northern border with the Dominican Republic, Turks and Caicos Islands, the southeastern and central Bahamas.
Tropical storm watches are in effect for the Northwestern Bahamas including Andros Island, New Providence, Eleuthera, Abacos Islands, Berry Islands, Grand Bahamas Island and Bimini.
Miami Herald reporters Doug Hanks, Jacqueline Charles and David Goodhue and el Nuevo Herald writer Salomé Ramírez Vargas contributed to this report.


Local council monitors carbon footprint via app
The City of Casey community will soon be able to monitor their carbon footprint and reduce greenhouse gas emissions thanks to a new partnership with climate monitoring app ClimateClever.
The partnership will provide schools, homes and businesses with 50 per cent of the ClimateClever app so they can measure and track their carbon footprint and work towards reducing emissions.
The app also allows users to create a personalised action plan to reduce consumption, costs, and carbon emissions across all utilities, including electricity, gas, water and waste.
In 2018, the City of Casey conducted a Community Environment Survey which demonstrated that 89 per cent of the respondents were concerned about the potential impacts of climate change within Casey’s community.
The Council said it is committed to working with neighbouring councils through the South East Councils Climate Change Alliance (SECCCA) to understand the major impacts of climate change and global warming, and how to prepare for them.


I realize I am a bit late to this story, but want to comment anyway. Last month the internet in China (and globally) was buzzing with word of a mysterious mushroom cloud that had appeared in the skies over Beijing late one afternoon. Photos were posted on blogs and micro-blogs, and it didn’t take long for speculation and rumors to begin swirling as the cause of the cloud. Had there been a chemical leak? Had North Korea blown itself up?
Of course, it was just a thunderstorm. But why would a giant thunder cloud on the horizon be greeted with such shock and confusion? After all, it is summer in Beijing, and thunderstorms are almost daily occurrences.
I have a theory as to why this one caused such consternation. Most of the time, the sky in Beijing is white, thanks to the pollution. Actual clouds are not visible, so people here rarely have the chance to see giant thunderhead clouds billowing up to the heavens. In other words, the thunderstorms are virtually invisible. The white sky becomes a bit darker, then BOOM!! That’s the only way we know a thunderstorm is upon us..
Here in Minnesota we also get summer thunderstorms, but here we can see them marching towards us from the horizon. Sometimes, in the late afternoon, we may be sitting in the sunshine, but can look around and see a thunderhead 30 miles north, or 10 miles south, or 5 miles east, or 50 miles west. They are gorgeous, and they look like mushroom clouds. In fact, I spotted a cloud similar to this as I was driving home from my sister’s house this evening.
Last month’s storm rolled through on an unusually clear day in Beijing, so the thunderhead was clearly visible. And that freaked people out.
(Image source: People’s Daily)


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Do you disbelieve in both global warming and evolution, or just one or the other let me know provide details thanks dewey d. The internet is full of references to global warming the union of concerned scientists website on climate change is titled global warming. Global warming from 1880 to 2012, the earth warmed by 15°f (085°c) reversing a long term cooling trend the physics behind the earth’s temperature imbalance is. Global warming and climate change issues are perhaps the greatest threat to this planet this section from globalissuesorg looks into various aspects of this, such. Dr ball has been a climatologist for more than forty years and was one of the earliest critics of the global warming climate change—called anthropogenic global.
Global warming remains one of the most popular topics for research within last decades due to sharpness of this issue check out our ideas about it. Committee on climate change we now know that global warming is the result of read the latest evidence about how and why our global climate is changing from. The average of all these regions makes up earth's global climate the global warming challenge earth’s climate is warming and amidst early animal evolution. Following the decision of the panel at its 43rd session to accept the invitation from the unfccc, at its 44th session, the panel approved the outline of global.
Global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and evolution of a glacier in a the climate climate. Nb if you have to change the name of the ‘science’ from “global warming” to “climate change,” then just admit you’ve lost the argument, else why. Evolution brian and deborah 25 the global climate it starts with an explanation of global warming and climate change and is followed by a review of how the global.A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally. Many articles and books have been written in recent years on the subject of global warming evolution issue, we need to global warming one problem climate. Global warming changes climate human activity – mainly burning fossil fuels and chopping down forests – has caused average temperatures to rise worldwide. There have long been claims that some unspecificed they has changed the name from 'global warming' to 'climate change' in reality, the two terms mean different. The global-mean surface temperature has experienced a rapid warming from the 1980s to early-2000s but a muted warming since, referred to as the global warming hiatus. Youtube turns 10 today to celebrate, carbon brief has compiled a list of 10 of some of the best videos about climate change featured on the site. Explore how environment change influenced evolution, and how dramatic climate instability over the past 6 million years may have shaped human adaptations.
History of climate change science the latter effect is currently causing global warming, and climate change is often used to describe human-specific impacts. Is it real the global climate have always happened through the evolution of shows that the global warming and the climate change are natural and. From global warming to global climate disruption many readers will already have been aware of this evolution in terminology having already been re-educated to talk. Pence: i’m not ‘anti-science’but i don’t believe in global warming, stem cell research, or evolution.
Environmental science: climate change and global warming (evolution ecology nature): ecological interconnection and importance of nature life (and humanity) evolved. Camel evolution to climate change 1 published on november 24th, hoping to reduce the negative effects of a warming environment on humans and animals,. Home » human evolution research » climate and human evolution » climate effects on human evolution were associated with the largest oscillations in global. As you may recall, last month bill nye “debated” creationist ken ham about evolution there was a lot of pre-debate debate about it, mostly in the form.Download


The National Weather Service issued a winter storm watch in effect for southern New Jersey from Thursday evening, Jan. 17, through late Thursday night.
The forecast warns of the possibility of three to four inches of snow accumulation. But with rain likely to fall on Thursday afternoon before the snow starts, the mix could be heavy — with standing water and slush freezing solid to create slippery roads and sidewalks. Visibility will be limited to a quarter mile or less during heavy snow.
The watch is in effect for the coastal counties of southern New Jersey, where the storm is expected to be worst.
NBC40 meteorologist Dan Skeldon, in his 5 p.m. Wednesday forecast, said southern New Jersey will be on the northern edge of a storm that could "possibly" bring one to as much as four inches of accumulating snow.
The high is expected to be 43 degrees on Thursday afternoon, but temperatures are expected to fall quickly on Thursday evening with a low of 27 degrees that night. The precipitation is expected to be all snow by 10 p.m.
The chance of precipitation is 90 percent, according to NWS forecasters.
Skeldon predicts the sun to return Friday with weekend high temperatures in the upper 40s. Wintry cold weather will move in Sunday night and remain for next week.


Every action has a reaction… This a fact ,then why we don’t make a reaction to the climate changing . it is not a joke when it comes to death … Every year thousands die just because you -lets say- smoke.
- as a citizen in my country “The Earth” my first and last occupant is the safety of each and every part of it. Here I list you some of its major problems . can you please tell us you problems with climate changing Mrs.Earth :
- 1) Approximately 600,000 deaths occurred worldwide as a result of weather-related natural disasters in the 1990s, where 95 percent of those deaths took place in developing countries. And nearly the same in the after decade. I am being killed slowly !!????
- 2) . There is more carbon dioxide in my atmosphere today than at any point in the past 800,000 years .
- 3)Over 100 million people living in my coastal regions will be displaced by just a one-yard rise in sea levels. And they are on the way , ice caps are melting. It caused sea level in north to rise. Can you imagine that ships can now pass through the Fabled northwest passage above north america !!
- 4) Cows produce more methane than the oil industry does: 20 percent of U.S. methane gas emissions is produced by farmed cattle burps and farts. How can I stop cows from farting ?!!
- Can you please help me ??!! I can’t handle all these problems alone …
- Of course but how?? -Don’t take it as a joke
During the past century, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Most of the gases come from burning fossil fuels to produce energy. Greenhouse gases are like a blanket around the Earth, trapping energy in the atmosphere and causing it to warm. This is called the greenhouse effect and it is natural and necessary to support life on earth. However, while greenhouse gases buildup, the climate changes and result in dangerous effects to human health and ecosystems. People have adapted to the stable climate we have enjoyed since the last ice age which ended several thousand years ago. A warmer climate can affect our water supplies, agriculture, power and transportation systems, the natural environment, and even our own health and safety. There aresome climate changes that are unavoidable and nothing can be done about it. For example, carbon dioxide can stay in the atmosphere for nearly a century, so Earth will continue to warm in the future.
In conclusion, we need to take part and try to stop global warming and other effects on climate change. If the earth’s temperatures continue to rise in the future, living things on earth would become extinct due to the high temperatures. If humans contribute to control global warming, this world would be cooler and the high temperatures we currently have would decrease. If everybody as one take stand and try to end most of the climate changes that are occurring, this world would be a safer place to live on.


A tropical depression continues to crawl toward the west coast of Florida on Wednesday morning, which prompted the first hurricane watch in four years for that part of the state.
Gov. Rick Scott declared a state of emergency in 42 Florida counties for Tropical Depression 9, which the National Hurricane Center should strengthen into a tropical storm during the day.
“By declaring a state of emergency in advance of this storm, we are ensuring that state, regional and local agencies can work together to meet the needs of our communities,” Scott said in a statement.
The depression is forecast to hit somewhere along the Big Bend area of Florida either as a strong tropical storm or a weak hurricane on Thursday. If it attains hurricane strength before landfall, it would be the first hurricane to hit Florida since Oct. 2005.
Heavy rain, storm surge, high winds and tornadoes are all a concern with the system. Rain was already soaking portions of the state Wednesday, leading to traffic jams in the Tampa area.
Storm total rainfall amounts of 5 to 10 inches are possible over portions of central and northern Florida through Friday, with isolated maximum amounts of 15 inches possible, the hurricane center said. The rain could trigger flash flooding.
As of 11 a.m. ET, the depression was about 415 miles west-southwest of Tampa and was had winds of 35 mph. Once wind speeds reach 39 mph, the system will be classified as a tropical storm. At 74 mph, it becomes a hurricane. The storm was stationary but should gradually start to move again Wednesday afternoon.
Officials said that residents and businesses along the coast should be rapidly making preparations Wednesday, such as boarding up and sandbagging as necessary.
“The combination of a dangerous storm surge and the tide will cause normally dry areas near the coast to be flooded by rising waters moving inland from the shoreline,” the center warned.
Tornadoes are also possible late tonight into Thursday morning, mainly across central Florida.
A tropical storm warning was also in effect along portions of the Gulf Coast, and a tropical storm watch was issued for the East Coast of Florida and Georgia for when the storm crosses into the Atlantic.
Meanwhile closer to home, Tropical Depression 8 continues to move away from the North Carolina coast. All watches and warnings for this system have been dropped.
Hawaii is also bracing for a pair of hurricanes: Madeline late Wednesday and very early Thursday, and Lester by Saturday.
Damaging winds, heavy rainfall, and high surf are anticipated Wednesday for the Big Island, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center said.
This level of tropical activity is not unusual for late August, which typically marks the start of the busiest part of hurricane season, with storm events remaining high through early October.
This year, government forecasters predicted a near-normal season with 10 to 16 tropical storms, of which four to eight would be hurricanes. So far, seven named storms have formed in the Atlantic this year. The season officially ends in late November.
Back in the Atlantic, the strongest storm remains Hurricane Gaston, with winds of 120 mph. It remains far out to sea, spinning hundreds of miles east of Bermuda. While expected to weaken later this week, Gaston could impact the Azores by the weekend, possibly as a tropical storm.
As if that isn’t enough, yet another tropical wave emerged off the African coast near the Cape Verde Islands on Tuesday. The system will trek west across the Atlantic Ocean over the next several days. The hurricane center gave the system a 40% chance of developing into a depression or storm within the next five days.


There are two types of wind shear; directional shear and speed shear.
Most tornados are spawned from supercell thunderstorms. Supercell thunderstorms are characterized by a persistent rotating updraft and form in environments of strong vertical wind shear. Wind shear is the change in wind speed and/or direction with height.
Directional wind shear is the change in wind direction with height. In the image (right), the view is looking north. The wind near the surface is blowing from the southeast to the northwest.
As the elevation increases the direction veers (changes direction in a clock-wise motion) becoming south, then southwest, and finally, west.
Speed shear is the change in wind speed with height. In the illustration below, the wind is increasing with height. This tends to create a rolling affect to the atmosphere and is believed to be a key component in the formation of mesocyclones which can lead to tornados.
Strong vertical shear is the combination of a veering directional shear and strong speed shear and is the condition that is most supportive of supercells.
Thanks to the National Weather Service Jet Stream Online weather school for sharing this information.


Since 2016, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has released annual reports on the global climate situation and this Tuesday it was the turn to release it at COP25, the United Nations (UN) climate change conference taking place in Madrid until December 13th. According to the document, 2019 is expected to be the second or third hottest year ever recorded and ends a decade of "exceptional global heat".
O 35 page document traces an uninspiring analysis for planet Earth, which has led Antonio Guterres to reinforce the idea that world strategy has so far been "inadequate". "We need more ambition from now on," he wrote in his Twitter account.
These are some conclusions of the WMO report:
- Average temperatures for periods of five (2015 to 2019) and 10 years (2010 to 2019) are most likely the highest since there are records
- 2019 is about to be the second or third hottest ever recorded
- Seawater is now 26% more acidic than at the beginning of the industrial age, which harms marine ecosystems.
- Ice banks in the Arctic neared a historic low in September and October, and Antarctica also recorded record breaks this year.
- Climate change is a crucial factor in world hunger after a decade of continuous reduction, with over 820 million people suffering food shortages in 2018
- Weather disasters have displaced millions of people this year and affected rainfall in India, northern Russia and the central United States, among other regions.
The report also shows that rising sea temperatures, known as “marine heat waves,” which devastate underwater life, have also become more common. And what follows is also not positive for the planet: The document assures that the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere hit a record 408.7 parts per million in 2018 and continued to rise in 2019.
The document is released the same day activist Greta Thunberg arrived in Portugal after crossing the Atlantic on a catamaran. The young Swedish activist was greeted at the Santo Amaro Dock by the mayor of Lisbon, Fernando Medina, the mayor of Lisbon, Manuel Grilo, and dozens of Portuguese activists.


Emergency respiratory care visits increase among older Medicare beneficiaries in the days surrounding a thunderstorm, according to a new study from Harvard Medical School.
Investigators collected county-level atmospheric and lightning data for the contiguous United States from 1999 through 2012. The data were analyzed alongside insurance claims and comorbidity data from Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries older than age 65.
Their analysis showed that visits to an emergency department for respiratory problems were highest among older adults when storm-related temperature and particulate matter concentrations rose. In a population of about 38 million older Americans, this accounted for 52,000 additional respiratory emergency department visits during the 14-year study period — all in the three or more days surrounding major storms, they estimated.
The link between storms and respiratory distress was particularly notable among people with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In fact, previous studies have shown an association between common chronic respiratory conditions and rising temperatures and particulate matter concentrations in the Medicare population, reported Anupam B. Jena, M.D., Ph.D., of Harvard, and colleagues from the University of Oregon and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
“[This] may contribute to strain on the healthcare system as storm activity increases with rising global temperatures,” the researchers concluded.
The study results were published online Monday in a JAMA Internal Medicine research letter.


The storm blustered in last night and blew this doormat up and away.
Everything else that might get wet had been moved into the garage, but we thought the rug was safe under the awning.
We got inches and inches of rain. I don't have a measurement yet*, but it was 100% humidity in full force for about 12 hours. Pounding.
Still trickling now, and probably more tomorrow.
Which is fine, because I plan to flip the mat over and get the other side clean.
*UPDATE: More than five inches where I live.


Global Warming: Effects & How to fight it
Global Warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface. The global average temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees F(0.4 to 0.8 degrees C). The increase in temperature was was observed during the 20th century caused by the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which results from human activities such as burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. Many Experts estimate that the average temperature will rise an additional of 2.5 to 10.4 degrees F(1.4 to 5.8 degrees C) by the year 2100. Evidence for the warming of the climate system includes observed increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of ice, and rising of global average sea level. The rate of increase would be much larger than most past rates of increase. Continuation of Global Warming could have many damaging effects is could harm the plants and animals that live in the sea. It could also force plants and animals to change their habitat. Weather pattern would change resulting from the increase of damaging storms. It could melt enough polar ice to raise the sea level and at certain parts of the world, human diseases could rapidly spread. Many crop production may decline.
When solar radiation passes through out atmosphere the molecules that constitute our air absorbs it. The majority of solar heat is absorbed by our planet's surface. Different types of surfaces absorbs heat in different ways. Everything that the sun's rays fall upon either absorbs or reflects heat. In the case of out snowy Polar Regions that heat is reflected back from the planet. In the case of our cities it is trapped on the surface. From there it radiates outward where living things attempt adjust to the relative heat or cold. Our planet's original design was for a balance of all components. Our planet absorbs enough heat to make us warm hopefully not to much heat to burn us. The greenhouse effect occurs planet wide when solar radiation bounces of from the Earth instead of passing through our atmosphere and outward into space.
The accelerating destruction of the rainforests that from a precious cooling band around the Earth's equator, is now being recognized as one of the main causes of climate change. Carbon emission form deforestation far outstrip damaged caused by planes, automobiles and factories.
Scientists say that one day's deforestation is equivalent to carbon footprint of eight million people flying to New York. Most people think of forest only in terms of the Carbon Dioxide that they absorb. The rainforest of the Amazon, the Congo basin and Indonesia are thought of as lungs of the planet, but the destruction of those forests in the next years will pump more Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere.
Effects of Global Warming:
1. Spread of disease - as northern countries warm, disease carrying insects migrate north, bringing plague and disease with them.
2. Warmer waters and more hurricane - as the temperature of oceans rises, so will the probability of more frequent and stronger hurricanes.
3. Increased probability and intensity of droughts and heat waves - although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to global warming, other areas will seriously suffer from droughts and heat waves, with more severe droughts expected in Europe.
4. Economic Consequences - Hurricanes causes billion dollars in damage and disease cost money to be treated.
5. Polar ice caps melting - There are 5,773,000 cubic miles of water in ice caps, glaciers and permanent snow. Melting ice caps will throw the global ecosystem out of balance. The ice caps are fresh water which means that when melted it would desalinate the ocean or make it less salty. The temperature rises and changing landscapes in the Artic circle will endanger several species of animals. Global warming could melt all the ice caps gone which at some part helps to cool the earth. If the ice caps melt only the ocean will be the reflector. Darker colors absorb sunlight which will result to further warming of the Earth.
Ways to fight Global Warming:
1. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle - By recycling half of your household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.
2. Change a Light Bulb - Replacing just one 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a CFL will last 10 times longer incandescent light bulb , uses two-thirds less energy and produces lesser heat.
3. Drive less & Drive smart - Less driving means fewer emissions.
4. Use the "OFF" switch - Save electricity and reduce global warming by turning off light when leaving a room, also remember to turn off all appliances that are not in use.
5. PLANT A TREE!
- We all do know that during photosynthesis plants absorb Carbon Dioxide and releases oxygen. They are part of the natural atmospheric exchange cycle here on earth. A single tree could absorb approximately one ton of Carbon Dioxide during its lifetime.


Monday, December 12, 2011
After the Rain
We have around 60 days of rain per year, and most of the time it rarely rains for more than a few hours, the sun shines again in the next half a day. But this year so far we can count rain occurrences on one hand, the last was this week, in the evening and I didn't have the opportunity to shot. I do not like the rain especially (this is why I live here) but still I like photographs taken after the rain when the sky is clear with a low winter sun and the ground still wet. Beside my selfish pleasure the dams are damn low and we will face a difficult year if the rain doesn't show. Well, to come back to the topic this is from my archive, a day like the one I miss: after the rain, 15 Celsius and a sweet sun trying to dry out the ground.


Weather in the mountains
Strong northerly currents over the Alps.
Cloudy conditions and increasing snowfall during the day on the main Alpine ridge, with the heaviest snowfall in the Zilltertal Alps. On the southern mountain groups mostly dry with strong to stormy northwesterly winds.
Mountain weather tomorrow
The northerly high-altitude current over the Alps is easing and there is a temporary improvement in the weather.
Residual snow showers on the north-eastern mountains in the morning, then dry and partly sunny. New snowfall in the north in the evening. Strong winds, milder.


Sep 8, 2021
Summertime, fall break and the beginning of the holiday season can be popular times to book travel plans. But, with any travel, it is important to look at the risks and pay attention to weather or events that could impact a trip. An important aspect to focus on during these popular travel times is hurricane season, especially with this year’s season expected to be more active than previous seasons.
The Atlantic hurricane season runs from 1 June to 30 November. Forecasters from The Weather Company predict a 60-per-cent chance for an above-average hurricane season this year. This increase translates to six to 10 hurricanes expected, with three to five of them being major. The uptick in hurricane activity stems from multiple factors, including the Atlantic Ocean’s surface temperatures, La Niña and other atmospheric conditions. 2021 is not the first year for above-average hurricane activity, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 2020 was also a historically active year. And while the number of hurricanes is still expected to be above average, the number we see this year is not expected to exceed last year.
While hurricane season does not usually halt travel entirely, it may affect some travellers more than others. Those more averse to risk may wish to travel during other times of the year. Additionally, while certain locations such as the Caribbean may be more susceptible to damages and effects of hurricanes, this season can impact travel everywhere. Inland locations can be affected by bad weather brought in by tropical storms, even if not directly hit. Airlines are also heavily affected. For example, even if a traveller is not headed to a coast, the flight they are taking may be arriving from a coastline and could be impacted. Travel insurers need to be aware of these risks when speaking with clients to help customers be as prepared as possible.
While weather-related issues can be predicted and tracked by meteorologists, they are hard to plan for and carry many unknowns. When thinking about potential weather problems, it is important that customers looking to book travel start preparing early. Insurance is always encouraged but is especially important when preparing for the unknowns of hurricane season.


|Sat, 21 Oct
|| Breezy until evening and rain until afternoon, starting again in the evening.
|Sun, 22 Oct
|| Mostly cloudy until afternoon.
|Mon, 23 Oct
|| Partly cloudy throughout the day.
|Tue, 24 Oct
|| Mostly cloudy throughout the day and breezy until afternoon.
|Wed, 25 Oct
|| Mostly cloudy starting in the afternoon.
|Thu, 26 Oct
|| Mixed precipitation (1–2 in. of snow) starting in the afternoon, continuing until evening.
|Fri, 27 Oct
|| Overcast throughout the day.


Written by Hillsboro Free Press Wednesday, 04 April 2007 02:20
- In homes or small buildings. Go to the basement or cellar (if available) or to an interior room on the lowest floor, such as a closet or bathroom. Upper floors are unsafe. If there is no time to descend, go to a closet, a small room with strong walls, or an inside hallway. Wrap yourself in overcoats or blankets to protect yourself from flying debris.
- In schools, hospitals, factories or shopping centers. Go to interior rooms and halls on the lowest floor. Stay away from glass-enclosed places or areas with wide-span roofs such as auditoriums and warehouses. Crouch and cover your head. Don't take shelter in halls that open to the south or the west. Centrally located stairwells are good shelter.
- In cars or mobile homes. Abandon them immediately. If you are in either of those locations, leave them and go to a substantial structure or designed tornado shelter.
- If no suitable structure is nearby. Lie flat in the nearest ditch or depression and use your hands to cover your head. Be alert for flash floods.
- During a tornado. Absolutely avoid buildings with large, free-span roofs. Stay away from west and south walls. Remember: lowest level, smallest room, center part.
Take our Severe Weather Quiz
1. The worst month for severe thunderstorms in Kansas is:
A. August C. October
B. May D. March2. The National Weather Service considers a thunderstorm severe if it produces hail at least ___ inch in diameter, wind of ___ mph or stronger, or a tornado.
A. 2, 80 C. 3/4, 58
B. 1, 70 D. 4, 100
3. The average number of tornadoes per year in Kansas is:
A. 25 C. 75
B. 50 D. 101
4. Tornadoes can occur at any time of the day, but the mostly likely time is between:
A. 1 p.m. and 6 p.m.
B. 5 p.m. and 10 p.m.
C. 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.
D. 3 p.m. and 9 p.m.
5. The best shelter from a tornado or severe weather is:
A. a vehicle
B. a mobile home
C. a basement or strong sturdy shelter
D. under a highway overpass
6. The low pressure with a tornado causes buildings to “explode” as the tornado passes overhead.
7. Windows should be opened before a tornado approaches to equalize pressure and minimize damage.
8. The rubber soles of shoes or rubber tires on a car will protect you from being struck by lightning.
9. If you are on a golf course and hear thunder, your best action is:
A. Quickly play the round and move to the next green.
B. Head for the club house.
C. Ignore the storm and hope it will blow over.
D. Get under a tree to stay dry.
10. During a local youth soccer game, you notice distant lightning flashes and hear low rumbles of the thunder. You should:
A. Go to the concession stand before it gets busy.
B. Get your umbrella ready in case it rains.
C. Bring it to the referee’s attention, and get in your car or a nearby building.
D. Stand under a tree to keep dry in case it rains.
11. People struck by lightning carry an electrical charge and should not be touched.
12. If you see a flash of lightning and the next clap of thunder is five seconds later, how far away is the thunderstorm?
A. 15 miles C. 5 miles
B. 10 miles D. 1 mile
13. The No. 1 cause of death associated with thunderstorms in Kansas since 1950 is:
C. Flash floods and floods
15. A depth of two feet of water will cause most vehicles to float.
16. A downburst wind from a thunderstorm can exceed 100 mph and cause damage equivalent to a strong tornado.
17. Large hail stones can fall at speeds faster than:
A. 30 mph C. 75 mph
B. 50 mph D. 100 mph
18. The Kansas tornado producing the most fatalities since 1900 occurred at:
A. Andover C. Salina
B. Topeka D. Udall
19. “Tornado watch” means:
A. Tornadoes are possible.
B. Large hail is possible.
C. Strong and damaging winds are possible.
D. All the above are possible.
Kansas Tornado facts for 2006
- Number: 92 (37 above the 1950-2006 average of 55)
- Deaths: 0.
- Injuries: 18.
- Longest track: 17.0 miles (Washington County, April 6).
- Most in a county: 10 (Ford, Oct. 26)
- Number in Marion County: One confirmed report, according to the National Weather Service in Wichita. It touched down three miles west of Durham in a northeast motion for three miles. No injuries; total property damage estimated at $120,000.
- Days of occurrence: 22
- Most in one day: 28 (April 6). The record is 39 (June 15, 1992).
- First to touch down: Jan. 28, Harvey County
- Last to touch down: Oct. 26, Commanche County.
- Most in one month: 28 (October, a new record for the month, post-1950; the previous record was 19).
- Monthly totals: January 3, February 0, March 10, April 19, May 9, June 10, July 1, August 3, September 9, October 28, November 0, December 0.
- Year in review: The number of tornadoes in Kansas in 2006 fell short of the 2005 record-breaking year of 135. The tornadoes that occurred in January were the first to appear in that month since 1950.


Photochemical reactions in the stratosphere lead to the build up of ozone molecules.
This accumulation of ozone is known as the Ozone Layer.
The ozone layer occurs between about 20 and 40 km above sea level.
The maximum concentration of ozone in this layer is only about 10 ppmv (parts per million by volume).
If the entire Ozone Layer was brought down to sea level where the pressure is 1 atmosphere and the temperature is 273 K, the resulting layer would only be about 3 mm thick.


ASA Adjudication on ExxonMobil UK Ltd
ExxonMobil UK Ltd
9 March 2011
Number of complaints:
Euro RSCG London Ltd
A TV ad for ExxonMobil UK Ltd (ExxonMobil) featured a scientist talking about researching algae as a source of biofuel. He said, "In using algae to form biofuels, we're not competing with the food supply, and they absorb CO2, so they help solve the greenhouse problem as well."
The complainant, who believed that any carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbed by algae would be re-released back into the atmosphere when it was burned as fuel, objected that the ad misleadingly implied that the technology would reduce CO2 levels.
ExxonMobil UK Ltd (EM) said one of the advantages associated with second generation biofuels like algae, was their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by partial replacement of conventional transport fuels derived from hydrocarbons. They said lifecycle analysis showed that using second generation biofuels resulted in lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional fuels. They said this was because biofuel feedstocks absorbed CO2 from the atmosphere and therefore the CO2 emitted during their combustion did not contribute to additional CO2 emissions.
EM also provided a study from the Joint Research Centre of the European Union, which they claimed proved that second generation biofuels achieved greenhouse gas reductions on a comparative basis. They acknowledged that the study did not specifically analyse algae. They said that algae as a source of biofuel was an emerging area of scientific analysis. However, they maintained that it was generally agreed that algae had a potential for high productivity compared to conventional biofuels.
EM provided a third-party report that concluded that the world community could slow and then reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases over the next several decades by utilising a range of public policies and current and emerging technologies. The report detailed a range of actions that could reduce emissions from key sectors, including using new and emerging technologies. It mentioned that biofuels had the potential to replace a substantial part of the petroleum now used by transport.
EM said that solving the greenhouse problem could mean many things as there were many different stabilisation scenarios being discussed by the scientific and world communities. They said that a core component of any stabilization scenario was the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; furthermore, it was generally recognised that biofuels could play a key part in this.
They provided information which they believed supported their view that fuel switching was commonly discussed among policymakers, scientists and industry as a means of helping to solve the issue of rising greenhouse gas emissions. They said the ad made no claim to the effect that advanced biofuels such as algae could achieve this result on their own.
Clearcast pointed out that the ad stated, "Algae could be converted into biofuels that we could someday run our cars on" and "We're making a big commitment to finding out just how much algae can help meet the fuel demands of the world". They said the ad made clear that the technology was still being developed. They said, in this context, viewers would understand the claim "In using algae to form biofuels, we're not competing with the food supply, and they absorb CO2, so they help solve the greenhouse problem as well", related to what the advertisers hoped the technology would achieve. They also claimed the study provided by the advertiser proved that algae produced less CO2 than hydrocarbon fuels on a comparative basis.
The ASA noted the ad referred to "unlocking the potential in algae" and considered it had made clear it was an emerging technology. Nonetheless we considered the ad made an objective claim that algae, if developed as a source of biofuel, would help solve the greenhouse problem. We noted that, by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and then re-releasing this CO2 when combusted, the technology would not add new greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Because of this we considered the technology could have a mitigation benefit. We noted the reports submitted by EM and acknowledged that many stabilisation scenarios highlighted the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as part of tackling the greenhouse problem.
We also noted that the ad stated "In using algae to form biofuels, were not competing with the food supply, and they absorb CO2, so they help solve the greenhouse problem as well". We considered that viewers would infer from this that it was because of the absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere that using algae to form biofuels helped "solve the greenhouse problem", by acting as a carbon sink. We considered this claim went beyond stating the mitigation benefit. Because we understood that any CO2 absorbed by the feedstocks would eventually be re-released into the atmosphere, we concluded that the ad overstated the technology's total environmental impact and was therefore misleading.
The ad breached BCAP Code rules 3.1 and 3.2 (Misleading advertising), 3.9 (Substantiation) and 9.5 (Environmental claims).
The ad must not be broadcast again in its current form.
Adjudication of the ASA Council (Broadcast)


Droughts are one of the scariest and deadliest natural calamities. Droughts have claimed innumerable lives in India in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Since agriculture is one of the main livelihood sources in India and it is dependent on rainfall and water supply, a shortage in water affects agriculture badly resulting in famine and causes deaths on a large scale.
Certain regions in India are drought prone. These areas receive an annual rainfall upto 60 cm and hence are severely affected where the monsoons aren’t enough. The Irrigation Commission of India has identified 67 districts in the country that are drought prone. Some of the states that have been identified as drought prone include Rajasthan, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Northern Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Inadequate or failure of monsoons is a major reason for droughts in India. Inadequate rainfall causes crop failure which leads to famines. Several famines have ravaged the country time and again and have claimed millions of deaths over the centuries.
Lack of water vapour in the atmosphere
This is also related to rainfall to low or erratic monsoons. When there is less water in the atmosphere, the moisture present in the soils tends to evaporate into the atmosphere. However, this leaves the land barren and produces low yield of crops, resulting in famine.
The increasing heat during the summers causes more water to evaporate and unless there is rain to compensate for the loss, droughts are imminent. Even burning of fossil fuels are contributing to climate change and imminent rise in temperature, thus evaporating more and more water from the land surface.
The El-Nino effect has been held responsible for controlling monsoons in the Indian subcontinent. Abnormally high sea surface temperatures have resulted in increased evaporation and heavy rains across many places in India. However, a contrasting phenomenon that instead of the high pressure air mass above the southern part of the Indian Ocean, the El-Nino creates a low pressure which pulls out dry air from Central Asia and dehydrates the Indian landmass.
Changes in Jet Stream
Jet streams are narrow bands of air that move around the earth at very high speeds. Jet streams can stall a high pressure system resulting in sunny weather and no rain. This is again a major contributing factor to droughts.
Changes in local landscape
Deforestation, changes in the vegetation type and drainage issues are some of the changes in the landscape that can cause droughts. Due to these factors, the water retention capacity of the soil is reduced and hence droughts are caused.
This kind of drought is caused when water reservoirs, man-made and natural, experience depletion due to high temperatures. This can affect agriculture and hydel projects.
This kind of drought is caused due to insufficient precipitation. There is not much water in the soil or water reservoirs for the rain cycle and hence a drought is caused.
This kind of drought is caused due to many reasons. Insufficient precipitation, high levels of evapo-transpiration and reduced groundwater table can pose serious threats to agriculture and related industries.
Inadequate agricultural practices
Rainwater harvesting and creating storage and reservoirs for storing water is an important and essential step to prevent droughts. However, in many regions such practices are not followed and this results in severe losses in case of droughts.


Torrevieja – A city with
a fantastic climate
Torrevieja - The perfect holiday weather
The weather in Torrevieja promises shining sun, a warm climate and constant temperatures. While in Central Europe and other countries constant cold and capricious weather are at the agenda, you can be convinced that in the Costa Blanca there are over 320 days of sunshine and a warm climate. The town of Torrevieja is therefore suitable especially for tourists who want to soak up plenty of sun and stroll in summer dress on the promenades. In midsummer, the temperatures climb to an incredible 35 degrees Celsius and invite to sun loungers and bathing. But, also the rest of the year is to be proud of. Even in winter months it is hardly colder than 15 degrees and there is always a lively atmosphere among residents and travelers.
The weather on the Costa Blanca - even tough is almost all year sunny, there is also, from time to time, as it happens even with this wonderful weather, that one or another raindrop falls. With less than 30 days of rain, nonetheless this is hardly worth mentioning and mostly it is also not a continuous rain, but little rain. However, this also ensure that even in times like fall, winter and spring many flowers bloom and greenery grows. Panoramic include places like Torrevieja of the most beautiful places in the world and offer a stunning weather.


The unusually cool and foggy weather that we have had through July and now into August has origins in a cold Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) says Dr. Greg Jones, professor of climatology from Southern Oregon University, as quoted by Glenn McCourty in “Grounded Grapegrowing” in the August 2009 issue of Wines and Vines.
PDO is a Pacific Ocean weather oscillation, specific to north of 20 degrees north latitude, that involves surface water temperatures. Warm temperatures in the Eastern Pacific are accompanied by cool temperatures in the Western Pacific or vice versa. These temperature swings normally vary over decades.
The Pacific Coast climate is affected by both PDO and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO involves a larger swath of the earth and includes ocean temperatures and atmospheric changes. ENSO El Nino and La Nina changes are responsive to temperature changes in waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Finally, an explanation that makes sense! When a cold PDO brings cooler and drier-than-normal weather to California AND ENSO is in the La Nina phase, this results in cold springs, and cooler-than-normal growing seasons. La Nina influences are weakening and the forecast is that we will return to a “neutral” pattern later this year.


Book Weather in the Mediterranean.
Associated Name: Great Britain. Meteorological Office.
Publication year: 1945-1964.
Call Number QC994.3 .W323 1945
Media class: Book
Edition: 2nd ed.
Publisher: London : Printed for the Meteorological Office Air Ministry by H.M.S.O.
Imprint taken from volume 3.
Series title: Met. O. 391
Extent: 3 v. : maps ; 34 cm.
v. 1. General meteorology -- v. 2. Climatic tables -- v. 3. Aids to forecasting : with a note on recent progress in forecasting in the Mediterranean.


The Köppen Climate Classification
The Köppen Climate Classification divides the Earth's climate into five main climate groups:
- A (tropical)
- B (dry)
- C (temperate)
- D (continental)
- E (polar)
These are subdivided by seasonal precipitation and heat.
It was first published by the Russian-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen and others, notably Rudolf Geiger, hence the system is sometimes also called the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system.
The map below shows the distribution (as of the 2006) of climatic zones on the land surface of the Earth to an approximate accuracy of 0.5 degrees. Click on any climate classification type for more details.
Ref: Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130.


Staff Report Published: February 3, 2014
Unstable weather forecast this week for UAE
ABU DHABI: Expect cloudy days and some rains this week in the United Arab Emirates as it enters an unstable weather phase amid a slow rise in temperature.
Residents saw a cloudy Monday and some rains in some parts of the UAE since Sunday.
The National Center of Meteorology and Seismology (NCMS) said that’s because the temperature tends to rise at this time with strong winds that will blow dust or sand over open land.
For Tuesday and Wednesday, the NCMS said “the weather will be unstable in general and where the cloud amount will increase over different parts over UAE especially the northern and the eastern areas with a chance of rainfall over these areas.”
Moderate to strong winds will continue hovering over the Arabian Sea and the Sea of Oman, it added.
It cautioned the public to take precautionary measures when going to the deep sea in the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Drivers should take care while driving during rain.
“Sea will be rough to very rough in Arabian Gulf and rough over Oman Sea. The relative humidity will increase over coast and internal areas,” NCMS said in its weather forecast report.
As a result of a trough surface system from the southwest that affects the country, a cloud will be formed and will move over the Arabic Gulf, it added. The clouds that developed are moving in to coastal areas toward Al Ain.


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Monitoring air quality in class 1 wilderness areas of the Northeastern United States using lichens and bryophytes /
Bibliographic Record Display
Title:Monitoring air quality in class 1 wilderness areas of the Northeastern United States using lichens and bryophytes / Alison C. Dibble, James W. Hinds, Ralph Perron, Natalie Cleavitt, Richard L. Poirot, and Linda H. Pardo.
Author:Dibble, Alison C.,
Other Author(s):Hinds, James W. (James Wadsworth),
Cleavitt, Natalie Laura, 1971-
Poirot, Richard L.,
Pardo, Linda H.,
United States. Forest Service. Northern Research Station,
Publisher:Newtown Square, PA : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, December 2016.
Found in:General technical ; NRS-165
Descriptions:44 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), maps (chiefly color), charts ; 28 cm
Holdings Record Display


SOURCES: Jonathan Patz, M.D., M.P.H., director, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Howard Bauchner, M.D., editor-in-chief, JAMA; Sept. 22, 2014, Journal of the American Medical Association
MONDAY, Sept. 22, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Coupled with worldwide marches demanding action on climate change, a new study warns that rising temperatures and altered weather patterns in the United States may soon exacerbate many existing health risks.
Heat stroke, cardiac arrest and other heat-related illnesses are expected to increase as the number of extremely hot days rises, said lead author Dr. Jonathan Patz, director of the Global Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin in Madison.
"Nearly every place east of the Rocky Mountains will see an increase in extreme hot days in the years to come," Patz said. "Urban areas like New York City and Milwaukee are expected to triple the number of extremely hot days they currently have."
For example, New York City by 2050 could experience as many as 39 days where the mercury tops 90 degrees, compared with the current average of 13 days, Patz said.
Respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, hunger and mental health problems also will likely increase in response to climate change, according to the analysis.
The study's publication, Sept. 22 in the Journal of the American Medical Association, precedes by a day the United Nations' summit on climate change, which kicks off Tuesday in New York City. On Sunday, more than 2,000 climate marches were held in cities around the world, with demonstrators urging quick action to save the Earth.
The new analysis, which included studies from the past 20 years, goes on to argue that reductions in fossil fuel combustion could result in substantial health and economic benefits. The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas.
"The health benefits could be up to tenfold more valuable than the cost in going to cleaner energy," Patz said. "You're doing it to reduce climate change, but at the same time you get major public health dividends."
The researchers analyzed data from more than 13 climate models to create temperature projections for the United States, anticipating how climate change could affect the number of extremely hot days and days with heavy, heat-exacerbated ozone smog.
They also performed a medical-literature review and found 56 articles with information related to the health effects of climate change.
Besides forecasting a surge in extremely hot days, researchers also found that climate change could:
Dr. Howard Bauchner, editor-in-chief of JAMA, said one of the strengths of the paper produced by Patz and his colleagues is that it sidesteps the ongoing argument over what is causing climate change.
"Regardless of the debate about what's causing climate change, there is a greater acknowledgement that it is occurring," Bauchner said. "In general, we know that summers are getting hotter. It's clear they've been increasing and they will continue to increase."
For more on the U.N. Climate Summit 2014, visit the United Nations.


What Is the Most Important Goal of the Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is an international treaty that was adopted by 195 countries in December 2015. The goal of this agreement is to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius. But, what is the most important goal of the Paris Agreement?
The most important goal of the Paris Agreement is to mitigate climate change and its impacts. Global warming is a real and present danger, and the effects of climate change can be felt around the world. These effects include rising sea levels, increased severity and frequency of natural disasters, and the extinction of many plant and animal species.
Through the Paris Agreement, countries commit to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and to transition to a low-carbon economy. This means reducing the use of fossil fuels and increasing the use of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. By doing so, countries can reduce their carbon footprint, and limit the amount of greenhouse gases that are released into the atmosphere.
Another important goal of the Paris Agreement is to help vulnerable countries adapt to the impacts of climate change. This includes providing financial support to developing countries for adaptation and mitigation efforts, and improving their capacity to respond to the challenges of climate change.
Overall, the most important goal of the Paris Agreement is to ensure a sustainable future for our planet. By limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, and striving for 1.5 degrees Celsius, we can reduce the impacts of climate change and create a better world for future generations.
In conclusion, the Paris Agreement is a crucial step towards mitigating the impacts of climate change. Its most important goal is to limit global warming and to transition to a low-carbon economy, while helping vulnerable countries adapt to the impacts of climate change. By working together, we can create a sustainable future for our planet.


Climate change refers to the long-term alteration in global weather patterns, including changes in temperature, precipitation, and more frequent and severe weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. Climate change is primarily caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other land-use changes that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases trap heat and cause the planet to warm up, leading to a range of environmental impacts, including rising sea levels, melting ice caps and glaciers, and more extreme weather patterns. Climate change poses a significant threat to human health, food security, and biodiversity, and is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world today. Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low-carbon, sustainable economy.
It’s important to note that climate change is a global issue, and every country is contributing to it in some way. However, some countries are responsible for a larger share of greenhouse gas emissions than others.
The countries with the highest total greenhouse gas emissions are:
- United States
- European Union (as a bloc)
- South Korea
- Saudi Arabia
It’s important to note that these rankings can change depending on how you measure emissions, such as per capita or per unit of economic activity. Additionally, historical emissions are also a factor, with some countries having contributed more to climate change over time.
It’s also important to note that some countries are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than others, such as low-lying island nations and areas with high levels of poverty and limited resources.
What are the solutions to climate change:
Controlling climate change requires a comprehensive approach that involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing adaptation measures to cope with the impacts of climate change. Here are some key strategies that can help:
- Reduce greenhouse gas emissions: The most effective way to control climate change is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This can be done by transitioning to clean energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydro power, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing emissions from transportation, industry, and agriculture.
- Implement carbon pricing: Carbon pricing, such as a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system, can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by putting a price on carbon and incentivizing emissions reductions.
- Increase investment in clean energy: Governments, businesses, and individuals can invest in clean energy technologies such as wind, solar, and geothermal power to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
- Promote energy efficiency: Energy efficiency measures such as building insulation, efficient appliances, and transportation systems can reduce energy consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
- Preserve and restore ecosystems: Healthy ecosystems, such as forests and wetlands, can absorb and store carbon, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Preserving and restoring these ecosystems can help mitigate climate change.
- Implement adaptation measures: Even with emissions reductions, some impacts of climate change are already inevitable. Implementing adaptation measures such as building sea walls, improving water management, and developing drought-resistant crops can help communities cope with the impacts of climate change.
- Promote international cooperation: Climate change is a global issue that requires international cooperation and action. Countries can work together to set emissions reduction targets and implement strategies to mitigate climate change.


Air Quality in South Holland
Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places a statutory duty on local authorities to review and assess the air quality within their area and take account of Government Guidance when undertaking such work.
South Holland District Council monitors air quality within the district using:
- 18 diffusion tubes located around the district which measure Nitrogen Oxides from traffic emissions. These are changed monthly and sent away for analysis.
- Continuous monitoring at Sutton Bridge of Nitrogen Oxides, Ozone and Particulate Matter (PM10)
- Continuous monitoring at Spalding of Nitrogen Oxides and Particulate Matter (PM10)
Results of this monitoring are used in the District's Review and Assessment of Local Air Quality and Nox tube data.
All continuous air quality information and air quality reports can be found using the link below:
(South Holland District Council is not responsible for the content of external websites)
Data collected from our continuous monitoring sites is ratified by our consultants at Ricardo.
Further Information on this service
You can view details on the DEFRA standards for Air Quality below.


We have collection of more than 1 Million open source products ranging from Enterprise product to
small libraries in all platforms. We aggregate information from all open source repositories.
Search and find the best for your needs. Check out projects section.
A full featured Open Sourced suite of PHP functions that can been used to build a weather website. It obtains forecasting and current conditions from NOAA as well as providing basic features as moon phases and sunrise/sunset. More features to be added.
Small PHP-project. Display wind speed and temperature for one preconfigured location. Using XML weather data aquired from the popular weather forecast website yr.no. Feel free to try the application at http://evalanche.me/yrlondon.php .
A weather temperature and wind speed report applet for QT4-compliant taskbar with a temperature graph to show trend. Initially designed for EeePC, but works as well on Gnome and KDE desktops. Takes minimum space on the desktop, and is low on resources.
weather-interpreter is a c++ program interpreter for weather data stored in a text file. Statistical data (highs,lows,avg, max, max time, min,min time) for inside and outside temperature, humidity, winds, barometer, dew point and precipitation.
Orai The most accurate digital weather forecast in Lithuania, straight from the Lithuanian Hydro meteorological Service (meteo.lt). The detailed weather - temperature, cloudiness, precipitation, wind - for the next 48 hours, by hour. Of more than 135 places in Lithuania.
The most popular open source web browser developed by Mozilla community. over 6,000 Firefox add-ons available to plug in to the browser Manage online auctions, upload digital photos, see the weather forecast in a glance and listen to music all from the convenience of your browser. It could be used in PC and Mobile.


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A mix of clouds and sun. High 66F. Winds WSW at 5 to 10 mph.
Except for a few afternoon clouds, mainly sunny. High 74F. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph.
A mainly sunny sky. High near 80F. Winds SSE at 10 to 20 mph.
Chance of Rain
Overcast with rain showers at times. Thunder possible. High 68F. Winds SSE at 15 to 25 mph. Chance of rain 60%.
Intervals of clouds and sunshine. High 63F. Winds WSW at 10 to 15 mph.
Mostly cloudy skies. High 62F. ESE winds shifting to SW at 10 to 15 mph.
Sunshine and clouds mixed. High 63F. Winds SSW at 10 to 15 mph.


Shifting The Focus To An Optimal Oil Recovery Strategy. Dr. John D.M. Belgrave, Belgrave Oil And Gas Corp. 13th International Oil And Gas Conference & Exhibition, Delhi, India...
Carbon Dioxide Emission Intensity:
Steam versus Air Injection EOR
This article is intended to address a pervasive inaccuracy concerning the relative amounts of carbon dioxide generated by steam versus air injection projects. The prevailing perception is that air injection EOR has a significantly higher CO2 emission intensity than steam injection. Let us examine typical operating conditions of both types of processes.
Approximately 75 standard m3 of natural gas is required to generate 1 m3 of 100% quality steam (cold water equivalent). If we assume that the natural gas is essentially methane, then burning 1 m3 of gas will produce 1 m3 of CO2.
Assuming different steam-oil ratios (SOR) allows us to calculate the amount of CO2 generated per m3 of oil produced, the CO2 intensity.
The table shows CO2 intensities for SOR’s from 2 to 6. The best SAGD projects have SOR’s from 2.0-2.5 and average projects are in the 4.0-6.0 range. For typical projects we can therefore expect a CO2 intensity of around 400 ST m3 / m3 oil.
If we assume that during underground combustion there is equimolar replacement of the oxygen in the injected air to form CO2, then 1 m3 of oxygen will burn hydrocarbons to produce 1 m3 of CO2.
The most efficient air injection projects make use of gravity and have lower air-oil ratios (AOR), in the range 800 to 1,000 standard m3 per m3 of oil. On average, however, the AOR’s are around 2,000. For typical projects we can therefore expect a CO2 intensity of around 400 ST m3 / m3 oil.
While individual projects may have superior or inferior performance, on average, air and steam injection projects will have essentially the same CO2 emission intensity.


but we have our own North American version. also known as the Mexican monsoon, here in northeastern New Mexico we go from a parched earth June to a very rainy July. starting in southern Mexico, the winds take a shift in direction and the dry heat-beaten desert air begins to meld with the moist air from the Pacific. (though also, if the Plains have a rainy Spring, it also contributes to the monsoons. --so, a rainy spring in my Kansas means a rainy summer in my New Mexico.)
as the monsoons come, the wild forest fire threat that had loomed over us all of spring, is relieved. and the desert southwest gets most of its rain for the whole year. feeding the trees, the cacti, the fields and the wells.
as a Kansan, I know the power of a thunderstorm. the force of tornado winds and the feel of a drenching rain. but those storms usually come with dark, rolling clouds & a feeling of electricity in the air. the power is in the wind & the clouds.
the power here is in the rain. in the afternoon, the clouds build up fast. but never very dark, instead grey, blue and white clouds all of a sudden pile on top of us. a big wind comes, blowing up the desert into a wall of dust, making our doors & windows creak, and then a downpour hits. washing away all the desert dust in a swoosh. arroyos, huge mountain ditches that are bone dry most of the year, become rushing creeks from flash flooding.
and then it is gone. leaving the ground wet and the air cool enough to put a jacket on.


Reducing Global Warming Essay -- Climate Change
Reducing Global Warming Essay. No Works Cited Length: 1535 words (4.4 effectively reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere I
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|Other titles||Toxic substances fact sheet.|
|Statement||a report compiled by the Washington State Interagency Indoor Air Quality Task Force.|
|Contributions||Washington State Interagency Indoor Air Quality Task Force.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||67 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||67|
This book includes just about everything that you would need to know about Indoor Air Quality and the anaylsis of it. It's a really big book and to date I don't believe there is another book that can compare to the scope and detail that this book supplies. If you're looking for a general review of the subject, this is not the book for by: An Office Indoor Air Quality Sample Report Decem By Dan Ventura No comments yet As our buildings become more energy efficient and more densely occupied, it is important to monitor the air quality in offices spaces regularly. Indoor Air Quality Guide: Best Practices for Design, Construction and Commissioning is designed for architects, design engineers, contractors, commissioning agents, and all other professionals concerned with indoor air quality.. Summary (Part I) and Detailed (Part II) Guidance provides: Hundreds of internal and external links to resources for the design, construction, and . The report, The Inside Story: Health effects of indoor air quality on children and young people, makes further recommendations: A cross-governmental committee to co-ordinate working in health, environment, education and homes for indoor air quality; Advice for the public about the risks of, and how to prevent, poor indoor air quality.
The indoor air, and the pollutants present, are the result of a complex set of factors. The air quality changes from building to building, place to place, over time, and in response to the activities taking place indoors. The main way people are exposed is by inhaling pollutants, but they can also be ingested or absorbed through the skin. The WHO guidelines for indoor air quality, developed under the coordination of WHO/Europe, address three groups of issues that are most relevant for public health: biological indoor air pollutants (dampness and mould) pollutant-specific guidelines (chemical pollution) pollutants from indoor combustion of fuels. Obtain a copy of "An Office Building Occupant's Guide to Indoor Air Quality," EPAK, October from IAQ INFO at Frequently, indoor air quality problems in large commercial buildings cannot be effectively identified or remedied without a comprehensive building investigation. Integrity Environmental Services, Inc. has completed this final Indoor Air Quality Assessment Report for the above referenced School District facility. One (1) original and one (1) copy of the Report have been provided. This Report has been prepared based on observations made and sample data collected during our.
Building, including indoor air. Our health risk characterization is currently being prepared, and will be provided, along with the supporting data, once it is complete. This report summarizes the environmental data analyzed to date and establishes post-fire indoor environment criteria for the residual soot constituents inside the Size: 2MB. employee concerns about indoor air quality at the site. Based on the occupant’s complaint information (headaches, sinus congestion, runny nose, and increased allergies) and at the request of [Client], Parks’ decided to first perform a cursory inspection for possible causes. Field measurements of general indoor air quality parametersFile Size: KB. Indoor Air Quality: A Comprehensive Reference Book (Air Quality Monographs) [M. Maroni, B. Seifert, T. Lindvall] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. People spend most of their time indoors, and indoor air pollutants can cause both long and short term health effects. Awareness of indoor air pollution as an environmental issueAuthor: M. Maroni. Indoor Air Quality Handbook Indoor Air Quality Handbook 1 Introduction Concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) and the study of air quality issues is a fairly recent phenome-non. Some of the earliest documented studies occurred in Scandinavia in the mids and were fo-cused primarily on thermal comfort issues.


Srinagar, April 21: Amid decrease in precipitation and forecast for scattered to fairly widespread light rain and thunderstorm in next 24 hours, the minimum temperature recorded a drop in Jammu and Kashmir below normal on Friday.
A meteorological department official here said that “mainly dry weather to isolated very light rain and thunderstorm” was expected during two subsequent days.
While there was improvement in rainfall activity, in the last 24 hours till 0830 hours this morning, Srinagar received 0.7mm of rain, Qazigund 14.6mm, Pahalgam 9.0mm, Kokernag 3.2mm, Gulmarg 8.6mm, Jammu 7.4mm, Banihal 5.0mm, Batote 6.2mm, Bhaderwah 8.4mm, Katra 13.0mm, and Kathua 1.6mm.
Regarding temperature, the MeT official said that Srinagar recorded a low of 6.2°C against 7.9°C on the previous night and it was 2.7°C below normal for the summer capital.
Qazigund, he said, recorded a low of 4.4°C against 7.2°C on the previous night and it was 3.1°C below normal for the gateway town of Kashmir.
Pahalgam, he said, recorded a low of 3.5°C against 2.6°C on the previous night and it was 0.5°C below normal for the famous tourist resort in south Kashmir’s Anantnag district.
Kokernag recorded a low of 3.7°C against 6.2°C on the previous night and it was 3.9°C below normal for the place, the officials said.
Gulmarg recorded a low of minus 1.0°C against minus 0.6°C on the previous night and it was 4.3°C below normal for the world famous skiing resort in north Kashmir’s Baramulla district, he said.
In Kupwara town, he said, the mercury settled at 4.4°C against 6.7°C on the previous night and it was 3.2°C below normal for the north Kashmir area.
Jammu recorded a low of 15.0°C against 18.5°C on the previous night. It was 6.0°C below normal for J&K’s winter capital, he said.
Banihal, he said, recorded a low of 5.1°C (below normal by 4.3°C), Batote 6.7°C (below normal by 5.3°C), Katra 13.1°C (5.0°C below normal) and Bhadarwah 6.1°C (2.3°C below normal). Ladakh’s Leh and Kargil recorded a low of minus 2.6°C and 2.2°C respectively, the officials added.


Check out our new Chrome Extension. Get DINAJ in your browser all the time! Click here to get it. Why? Because: it's awesome.
it's raining - albeit lightly
Based on the weather at
Gore Bay, Ont. Canada67 minutes ago.
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This page is all about Gore Bay, Ont. Canada. The weather in Gore Bay, Ont. Canada and information about Gore Bay, Ont. Canada can be found here. You should probably look for weather, hotels, flight information and other such city information if you are looking for Gore Bay, Ont. Canada. Information for Gore Bay, Ont. Canada in the follwing categories: Event, movies, theatre, restaurant, hotel, shopping, dining, family. All you ever needed to know about Gore Bay, Ont. Canada and it's weather in particular. Gore Bay, Ont. Canada Weather - find it here. Doit. Doit. Here it is. Hotels and more.


Just as a little reminder of the amounts of air and water we have on the only planet known to support life, I’m posting this image created by scientist Adam Nieman. If you’re reading this on Blue Planet Almanac, you might’ve already seen it. In that case, maybe you’d share it on Nieman’s behalf for everyone on the planet who breathes or drinks? This image is available for purchase at Science Photo Library, and it’s copyrighted. Please share it when you point viewers to Science Photo Library.
Nieman’s caption says: “Conceptual computer artwork of the total volume of water on Earth (left) and of air in the Earth’s atmosphere (right) shown as spheres (blue and pink). The spheres show how finite water and air supplies are. The water sphere measures 1390 kilometres across and has a volume of 1.4 billion cubic kilometres. This includes all the water in the oceans, seas, ice caps, lakes and rivers as well as ground water, and that in the atmosphere. The air sphere measures 1999 kilometres across and weighs 5140 trillion tonnes. As the atmosphere extends from Earth it becomes less dense. Half of the air lies within the first 5 kilometres of the atmosphere.”
Having Wolfram Alpha at my fingertips doesn’t incline me to convert the units from metric to ‘Merican. You get the idea, right?


Incessant rains have also caused havoc in the other states of the Northeast. Heavy rainfall in Sikkim for the past few days has caused landslides in various parts of south and east districts of Sikkim.
Several houses have been damaged and road communication has taken a hit in the state. In fact roads have been blocked due to heavy landslides. However, no casualties have been reported so far.
Meanwhile, the Indian Meterological Department has confirmed that heavy rainfall is likely to occur in the eastern, northern, and southern parts of the state during the next 48 hours.


Just a few weeks into the school year and communities all around the East Coast had to prepare for yet another hurricane. More than 300,000 North Carolina residents were under mandatory evacuation for a few days in preparation for the storm. Fortunately, the storm had reduced in size significantly and the damage in the Carolinas was much less than anticipated. However, Hurricane Dorian wreaked havoc in many neighborhoods and communities throughout the Bahamas before even reaching the East Coast of the US. The catastrophic winds and record breaking rainfall of Hurricane Dorian did not slow down for days, leaving the island nation in shambles.
Here at WASU, we greatly value our community and the communities around us. We are thinking about those who have been affected by Hurricane Dorian.
For Boone weather updates, listen every hour to 90.5 WASU or wasuradio.com.
To make a donation toward Hurricane Dorian relief, the American Red Cross website is https://www.redcross.org/donate/hurricane-dorian-donations.html/
– WASU Team


Minister of State for Energy Affairs HE Saad Sherida Al Kaabi with United States Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry in Doha on Saturday.Tribune News Network
Qatar and the United States of America recognise the urgency of the challenge posed by climate change and the importance of accelerating global efforts on all aspects of the climate change agenda. Qatar and the United States also agree on the need to provide energy security and tackle the climate crisis together in light of current events and on the road to COP27 in Sharm el Sheikh.
Rapidly reducing methane emissions is the most effective strategy to limit global warming in the near term and keep 1.5 degrees C within reach.
Qatar’s endorsement of the Global Methane Pledge provides critical momentum to global efforts to urgently reduce methane emissions. There are now 111 country endorsements of the Global Methane Pledge, representing 70 percent of the global economy and nearly half of global anthropogenic methane emissions. Countries endorsing the Global Methane Pledge commit to take national-level, voluntary actions to support the collective pledge target of 30 percent reduction in anthropogenic methane emissions by 2030 from 2020 levels.
Qatar is a global leader in tackling methane emissions as it has achieved example-setting progress reducing methane intensity in the energy sector over the past decade.
Qatar has an impressive track record of actions and commitments to monitor, report, verify and reduce methane, including through reducing flaring and methane emissions in the energy sector. QatarEnergy was the first national oil company in the Middle East to sign the Methane Guiding Principles, which support voluntary corporate efforts to reduce methane emissions across the natural gas supply chain. QatarEnergy is also an active member of the Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFR) with a firm commitment to end routine flaring by 2030 and has joined the second phase of the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP 2.0), which enables systematic and credible reporting on oil and gas methane emissions.
The Global Methane Pledge builds on Qatar’s status as a founding member of the Net-Zero Producers Forum, and its ongoing strong performance, and provides an exciting new platform for Qatar and the United States to deepen cooperation on methane reduction efforts, including with third countries.


Thales and Météo-France form partnership to provide ECOsystem customers with global weather services
- Thales and Météo-France signed an agreement to integrate global weather services into ECOsystem
- With the ability to anticipate severe weather, ECOsystem users experience reduced traffic disruption, increased passenger comfort, and more predictable air traffic controller and pilot peak work load.
- At World ATM Congress 2016, Thales launched ECOsystem’s first application, Advanced Traffic Flow
At World ATM Congress 2017, Thales, world leader in Air Traffic Management, announces an agreement with Météo-France, international supplier of meteorological information systems, to integrate global weather services into Thales’s ECOsystem1 decision support platform for improved aviation operations.
+33 688 238 479
Thales' portfolio of products and systems embraces air traffic control centres, airport security and video surveillance systems, communication and navigation equipment. Airport video surveillance, navigation, air traffic management. PROVIDING COMPLETE AIRSPACE SECURITY Thales is a global...


The forecast is calling for overnight thunderstorms, sleet, and snow. There's still snow on the ground here.
Several of our patients at work have told me they've seen robins. I've heard birds who wintered over singing their spring songs -- especially chickadees! Yesterday, I saw a white-breasted nuthatch.
There is something pleasing about the relentlessness of spring's coming. It doesn't matter that there's snow on the ground, or what winter weather will happen this week.


The line graph shows the average temperature during the hottest part of the day in Australia in 2007.
The chart illustrates the standard inversion of Australia’s warmest part of the day over one year. Overall, it is immediately apparent from the chart that the average peak temperature was captured in Darwin in summer, while Sydney and Perth had a minor temperature in the winter season.
In detail, in the province of Darwin, the maximum temperature begins at 34°C. It’s already captured at its peak in summer, and this trend of temperature turned negative. The average value of climate declined to 35°C in the autumn, following this amount drastically sank to 30°C in the winter season, but in spring, a little inclination was recorded at 33°C. Moreover, in carnin, the average temperature on its peak at 32°C in summer, but this number took nose dive to below the 26°C in winter. Fortunately, this temperature rose to 29°C in spring. Next, Perth had immense changes in climate, with shares at 30°C in summer, and this value crashed sharply to 19°C in winter.
Furthermore, the temperature recorded in Sydney and Adelaide had some amount of numbers with shares at nearby 25°C in summers. Unfortunately, it then went down sharply to hit bottom at below the 19°C and 15°C in winter, but Adelaide had changed and surged value to 21°C and Sydney and 20°C in 2007.
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According to the 24-hour weather forecast, the weather will be mostly dry with partly cloudy skies. However, light or drizzle is expected in one or two places of Sylhet division.
There may also be moderate to heavy fog in the northwestern part of the country and in some parts of the river basin from midnight to morning and light to moderate fog elsewhere.
The forecast also said that the increase in western light pressure is located in the foothills of the Himalayas, West Bengal and adjoining areas. The extension of the sub-continental high-pressure zone is located in Bihar and adjoining areas. The normal light pressure of the season is located in the South Bay.


Cyclone Mandous crossed the north Tamil Nadu coast near Mamallapuram round midnight on Friday, triggering heavy to very heavy rains in Chennai and neighbouring districts, in addition to gusty floor winds.
Heavy rains pounded a number of areas in and round Chennai since late on Friday. In accordance with India Meteorological Division (IMD) information until 5.30 a.m. on Saturday, Kattupakkam in Kancheepuram obtained very heavy rains of 16 cm. These in Chennai Nungambakkam recorded 11.1 cm, Hindustan College 11 cm and Meenambakkam, 11.5 cm.
Many different automated climate stations and rain gauges too obtained intense rains. They embrace Madhavaram 8.7 cm; Puzhal, Tiruttani, Poonamallee 10 cm every; Villivakkam 6.2 cm, Kancheepuram ACS Faculty 9.7 cm, Kancheepuram Sathyabama College 7.2 cm, YMCA Nandanam 8.3 cm, MRC Nagar 6.2cm and NIOT Pallikaranai 7.2 cm.
A number of different districts in north Tamil Nadu obtained mild to average rains.
Sturdy winds carry down timber
Howling winds via the evening disrupted energy provide in lots of areas until Saturday morning and introduced down timber.
Mandous emerged as a powerful cyclone because it maintained a wind pace of 65-75 kmph gusting to 85kmph. It moved at a pace of 12 kmph and made landfall between 11.30 p.m. on Friday and 1.30 a.m. on Saturday.
The system, which weakened to a deep despair over north coastal areas, will proceed to maneuver almost west-northwestwards and progressively weaken right into a despair by Saturday midday.
Rain bands could shift to north inside components of Tamil Nadu because the system strikes additional inland.
Gentle to average rains on Saturday
On Saturday, mild to average rains could proceed over most locations with heavy to very heavy rains skilled in remoted areas of north TN.
Gusty floor winds of 70-75 kmph have been recorded in locations like Nungambakkam and Tirur of Tiruvallur district because the cyclone made its landfall. Sea circumstances could also be tough on Saturday too.
Chennai’s reservoirs too obtained heavy rains and had heavy inflows. Nevertheless, water discharge from Chembarambakkam, Poondi and Pink Hills reservoirs have been maintained at 100 cusecs as of 6 a.m on Saturday.