I noticed that the lightning was mostly sheet lightning, as I find it tends to be here in B.C. as opposed to Ontario, where I found that bolt lightning was the norm. I always thought that these were two different types of lightning that occured more often in some places than others.
Then I found out by searching online that sheet lightning is just a lightning bolt that is hidden by clouds.
I'm an idiot.
Anyway, if you go to this Wikipedia page on lightning, there is a very cool animated picture of cloud-to-cloud lightning which IS different, and which I have only seen once that I can remember, in Dallas, Texas. The page also has pretty much everything else you would ever want to know about lightning, unless you are some really lightning obsessed UFO weirdo or something, then you may want to look further.


Home weather stations have recently become extremely popular and for a very good reason, too. Although it may not sound like a gadget we absolutely must have, a home weather station is very useful and once you get one, you will wonder why you didn’t get one earlier.
We all rely on weather forecasts one way or another and for some individuals, everything depends on it. Being able to forecast the weather precisely is extremely valuable and you will no longer have to depend on the news or your phone app to tell you what the weather is going to be like. With this handy gadget, you will be able to do it by yourself – except with more confidence.
How to Find the Best Home Weather Station?
So, we agreed that a home weather station is a necessary gadget for everyone who depends on the weather, or for someone who simply likes to be informed so they can make plans according to it. But with so many options available, how do you choose the best weather station?
For someone with no clue, they all seem amazing and picking one out is difficult because there are different models available designed to meet different needs. Most weather stations capture the basic things: temperature, pressure, wind speed and humidity.
However, there are more advanced models which also measure rainfall as well as soil conditions. To help you with this, we will mention the most relevant factors to consider when purchasing a home weather station.
One of the relevant factors to be considered if you want to buy the best home weather station is how easy it is to assemble the device. Every quality weather station should come with very clear instructions for putting up the gadget and cause no issues when assembling it.
Clear instructions mean that you will be able to assemble the station even though you have no prior mechanical experience. If properly assembled, everything should be working perfectly when you put it together. If this is one of your concerns, aim for personal weather stations with easy to follow instructions.
The reason we want a home weather station is to be able to tell the weather. Naturally, the device must show accurate temperature information, otherwise, the reading of the device is useless.
Home weather stations with an indoor and outdoor sensor and display are likely to show the most accurate weather information including temperature, pressure, wind speed, rainfall, humidity and etc.
Connectivity is an extremely important factor you want to consider if you are thinking of buying a personal weather station. Some devices use WiFi or radio frequency to transmit the data to the console. However, the best home weather stations connect directly to your router, thus enabling real-time streaming data to the Internet.
A great weather station should enable you to put your weather data online very easily. For example, you will be able to connect with Wunderground, which is a very popular website that allows you to access real-time weather data from thousands of personal weather stations.
The best personal weather station will endure all kinds of weather without it affecting the data. As weather stations collect data for weeks and months, some budget options may not be holding up well in those conditions.
A quality weather station should not be affected by weather in negative ways and this is another thing you need to consider when buying your personal weather station.
Weather stations are designed so as to fit anyone’s needs, from the very basic ones to more advanced, complex options. If you are uncertain about what kind of weather station you want, consider the above-mentioned factors to determine your needs.


Weather Underground provides local & long range Weather Forecast, weather reports, maps & tropical weather conditions for locations worldwide. The new Weather Underground Android app provides the world’s most accurate hyper-local weather forecasts in addition to interactive radar, satellite maps and. Weather Underground voor iPhone, iPad en Apple Watch is jouw alledaagse weerapp. Deze app, mogelijk gemaakt door ons netwerk van meer dan 200. Find the Weather on your iPhone for any City, State or ZIP Code, or Airport Code or Country. You’ve found the official Weather Underground company page. The Weather Underground Organization (WUO), commonly known as the Weather Underground, was an American militant radical left-wing organization.
Weather Underground is a commercial weather service providing real-time weather information via the Internet. Weather Underground provides weather reports. Which clip in the #WUTV Video 6-Pack gets to number one tonight? Initially formed as a splinter group which believed that peaceful protests were ineffective, the Weathermen were widely criticized for their use of violence as a. This is the best-looking weather forecast plugin for WordPress. It looks great on many different templates out of the box, including the default WP theme. With the RainWise® PWS Direct to Weather Underground®, your station will automatically send data to Weather Underground®, giving you access to your live.
See the latest Southern Florida Doppler weather radar map including areas of rain, snow and ice on AccuWeather. Weather information for any location including current conditions, forecast, satellite, radar, weather. In 1970, a group of young American radicals called The Weathermen announced their intention to overthrow the U. Weather Underground, the nation’s first online weather service, is committed to delivering the most reliable, accurate weather information possible.


By Voon Yih Boon
KUCHING: As a precaution, Sarawakians should have their umbrellas and raincoats ready to brave the rain this week.
This is because Sarawak will still be experiencing heavy rain due to the south-west monsoon season. The dry weather would not be expected to be experienced that frequently.
Based on the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) website’s latest weather forecast, several areas in Sarawak have been issued a thunderstorm warning with heavy rainfall and strong winds.
The affected areas include Betong (Saratok and Kabong), Sarikei, Sibu, Kapit (Song, Kapit and Belaga), Bintulu (Tatau and Sebauh) and Limbang.
However, the rest of the inland areas in the state are expected to face isolated rain and thunderstorms on Monday (Sept 21), Tuesday (Sept 22), Friday (Sept 25) and Saturday (Sept 26) from morning to evening.
Dry weather is only expected on Wednesday (Sept 23), Thursday (Sept 24), and Sunday (Sept 27) in the morning. Isolated rain and thunderstorms are presumed to happen from the afternoon till evening.
Apart from that, this week’s weather temperature is also forecasted to reach a minimum and maximum level of 24 to 33 degree Celsius, respectively.
Info pertaining to the weather forecast can be obtained at the department’s website (www.met.gov.my).


Ventilators. HRV and ERV’s… What they do and how they work.
An HRV’s fans pull fresh air into a building while simultaneously exhausting stale air from the building. Both the fresh air stream and the stale air stream flow through the HRV. The core of the appliance allows some of the heat from the warmer air stream (the stale air in winter, the fresh air in summer) to be transferred to the cooler air stream. In winter, in other words, the appliance recovers some of the heat that would have otherwise been exhausted. This heat transfer occurs without any mixing of the two air streams.
An ERV does everything that an HRV does. In addition, an ERV allows some of the moisture in the more humid air stream (usually the stale air in winter and the fresh air in summer) to be transferred to the air stream which is dryer. This transfer of moisture called enthalpy transfer occurs with very little mixing of the two air streams.
Why ventilate a building?
Before we can clarify the choice between an HRV and an ERV, we have to consider the question: “Why should a building be ventilated?” As it turns out, the question has several answers, including:
- To provide enough fresh air to keep the occupants healthy;
- To remove odours;
- To dilute indoor pollutants; and
- To lower the indoor relative humidity.
Most of these goals are easy to understand. (Even so, establishing an optimal ventilation rate to achieve these goals is a contentious issue.) However, using ventilation to achieve the last of these four goals ó lowering the indoor relative humidity ó gets problematic.
To prevent moisture damage to a building, lower humidity levels are always preferable to higher humidity levels. In other words, dry is always better than damp. However, some people begin to complain if the indoor relative humidity is too dry, say, 20% or below. (Of course, people have lived healthy lives for thousands of years in climates where the relative humidity is often below 20%, so it’s not at all clear that low humidity levels are unhealthy.
Ventilation can only reduce the indoor relative humidity if the outdoor air is dryer than the indoor air. Since cold air can’t hold as much moisture as warm air, ventilating a building helps lower the indoor relative humidity only when it’s cold outside (or on dry days during the spring and fall). In most parts of the Canada, ventilation during hot weather actually introduces more moisture into the building ó that is, it tends to raise rather than lower the indoor relative humidity.
What do manufacturers recommend?
Unfortunately, you can’t depend on HRV and ERV manufacturers to tell you whether your building is better off with an HRV or an ERV. The qualified Engineer overseeing your properties is the person to make that recommendation.
Myths about ERV and HRV’s
These myths that “the choice between an HRV and an ERV depends only on climate, and that HRVs can’t be used during the summer” are only two of the many red herrings encountered by installers in search of accurate information on HRVs and ERVs.
Other commonly repeated myths include:
ERVs can’t be used in cold climates because their cores will freeze.
In a humid climate, an ERV can act as a dehumidifier or can help address high indoor humidity.
Both of the above statements are false. (Freeze-up problems were solved years ago by the development of controls with a defrost cycle.)
- The units retain energy used to heat or cool, saving money on utility bills.
- Talk to a trained Core One expert to help you get the information you need to make an informed decision.


2-9-19 3 p.m. forecast with KING 5 Meteorologist Jordan Steele.
State of emergency, what a joke Seattle.
The reason why snow is rare in Seattle is because you need cold air and precipitation to get snow, and it’s not typical to get both at the same time around the Puget Sound. If you want more than that, it’s complicated. The weather here is affected by our geography, wind/air currents, and ocean currents.
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UPDATE: Although this blog post was written for monsoon season in 2014, Arizona’s monsoon season happens every year!
Lightning. Flash floods. Dust storms. Torrential rainfall. It’s all part of the Arizona monsoon season, which can also be breathtaking. Last year’s season was an active one, with several major storm outbreaks and even flooded neighborhoods. This year has been mild so far, but we’re not through yet.
The monsoon season is caused by a seasonal change in winds. As the land heats up in the summer, strong high pressure develops to our east, and air flow begins to change. Instead of our usual westerly winds, southerly and southeasterly winds develop, bringing a flow of moisture from both the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Mexico into Arizona.
In 2014, Arizona’s monsoon season seemed like one big rainfall after another. The Valley usually gets about three inches of rain total every monsoon season, which runs from June 15 to September 30. Last year, we got more than 6 inches, with most of that coming late in the season in August and September.
One of the most spectacular parts of a monsoon thunderstorm is the lightning. Every year, Arizona is hit by a million bolts of lightning, providing a brilliant show but also sometimes sparking wildfires.
Microbursts are also a frequent fixture during monsoon season. Characterized by high winds (and sometimes extensive property damage), microbursts are formed when rain quickly cools the surrounding air, which sends the outflow of a thunderstorm rushing toward the ground, sometimes at more than 100 miles per hour. Sometimes, outflows from storms can pick up dust in the deserts of the state and send it toward the Valley in impressive walls of sand and dust.
From dust to rain, lightning and flash flooding, Arizona weather can be unpredictable, beautiful and surprising. Every day is different, most especially during the monsoon.
What do you know about our monsoon? Learn more:
Meteorologist April Warnecke delivers the forecasts on 3TV’s “Good Morning! Arizona.” She loves forecasting monsoon storms and says the unpredictability of the season is what makes it exciting. From graupel, hail and dust storms to flash flooding and lightning, our Arizona weather is so unique that it often makes headlines all over the world.
Share this TodayInAZ.org action on Facebook:


During the 2 high tides in every month, the sewage then gets discharged into the ocean with the tides. India's coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power plants are inefficient and offer significant potential for CO2 emission reduction through better technology.
A World Bank report conducted with China's national environmental agency found that "[ The majority of the energy we consume in Hong Kong comes from coal-powered stations that pump airborne particle matter into the skies.
It develops over 20 years. The higher sulfur level of kerosene is another issue. A headline in Shukan Taishu Feb. Consumption by agriculture, forestry, husbandry, and country residents was about 88 per cent of the total consumption.
To place this volume of emission in context, the Environmental Protection Agency EPA of the United States estimates that fire wood smoke contributes overtonnes of fine particles throughout the United States — mostly during the winter months.
The government is also working at a regional level with the Guangdong authorities to reduce emissions in the Pearl River Delta. PM 10 particles have a diameter of less than 10 micrometers and PM 2. This in turn increases the burning of fossil fuels, resulting in smog.
Kerosene is more difficult to burn than gasoline; its addition results in higher levels of HC, CO and PM emissions even from catalyst-equipped cars. Air pollution is the ultimate result.
It is also the province with the highest rate of birth defects. This problem is largely absent in economies that do not regulate the ability of fuel producers to innovate or price based on market demand.
April 19, A survey by the International Food Packaging Association found that in the year after the ban was implemented, 10 percent fewer plastic bags found their way into the garbage. July 10, June 26, June 10, It will take a generation to clear the pollution up. Clean burning fuels and electricity are unavailable in rural parts and small towns of India because of poor rural highways and limited energy generation infrastructure.
Residents took preventive measure for the falling dust from the sky when going outside.
Take Rescue Remedy to help calm you down, drink calming teas. By some estimates the poor air quality results in somedeaths andcases of people being hospitalized for respiratory diseases each year.
This puts it in the same category as smoking cigarettes, with "sufficient evidence" that exposure causes lung cancer. She died after number of hospital treatments on July Pollutants from China and their resultant problems are nothing new to Japan.
Acid rain, principally caused by high levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in industrial pollutants, has been a. How bad is the air pollution in China?
So dire, according to the Berkeley Earth research group, that it was a factor in million deaths in China in a single year. Beijing was shrouded in thick smog on Monday, January 2. The Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau issued an Orange Alert for the region due to heavy air pollution.
Hong Kong has an air pollution problem. If the territory conformed to the World Health Organisation's (WHO) standards for clean air, only 10 per cent of the days here would pass muster. Apr 23, · BEIJING — The boy’s chronic cough and stuffy nose began last year at the age of 3.
His symptoms worsened this winter, when smog across northern China surged to. Cambridge Mask’s™ filtration system, incorporating particulate filtering layers and military grade carbon meets N99 standard of particulate filtration, providing nearly % protection from particulate pollution such as PM and PM, plus protection from residual VOCs and other polluting gases, as well as bacteria and viruses.Download


Northern hemisphere concentrations of methane and nitrous oxide since 1800: Results from the Mt. Logan and 20D ice cores
Concentrations of CH4 and N2O have been determined in bubbles extracted from the Mt. Logan (Yukon) and 20D (south Greenland) ice cores. The enclosure dates of the trapped gas samples range from 1802 to 1960; thus these data help to document the anthropogenic increases of these two greenhouse gases in the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere. In general, the new data are in accord with previous ice core studies showing accelerating increases in concentration of both gases since 1900. The Mt. Logan records appear to be the first for any trace gases from alpine glacial ice. The present data set is too sparse to be conclusive, but suggests generally higher CH4concentrations over south Greenland than Mt. Logan, particularly for the 1850 - 1900 period.
Earth Sciences, Earth Systems Research Center
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
J.E. Dibb, R.A. Rasmussen, P.A. Mayewski, G. Holdsworth, Northern hemisphere concentrations of methane and nitrous oxide since 1800: Results from the Mt. Logan and 20D ice cores, Chemosphere, Volume 27, Issue 12, 1993, Pages 2413-2423, ISSN 0045-6535, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90263-5.
Copyright © 1993 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


Tri-oxygen – Activated oxygen - Ozone
Ozone is an elemental form of oxygen occurring naturally in the earth’s atmosphere. Ozone is known as tri-oxygen (O3). It is a pale blue gas that condenses to a deep blue liquid at very low temperatures.
Ozone is also formed by electrical discharges on oxygen so it is often created by thunder and lightning. That wonderful fresh smell after a thunder storm is ozone.
Fast moving water can generate ozone as well so we also experience that fresh air smell by the ocean and around waterfalls.
That uplifting feeling we experience around naturally occurring ozone is familiar to us all.
Using a proven & patented system, Ozone Pure Oil can capture and bottle nature’s wonder gas in 100% pure Organic Oils.


The Environmental Protection Agency has released a report that shows California is among the top 10 worst air pollution states in the country for particulate matter.
California has a total of 4.1 million daily particulate pollution incidents.
This is equivalent to the amount of PM2.5 particles that can cause health problems, according to the EPA.
The state has the second highest average daily PM2 from 2010-2013, behind only Washington, D.C.
The EPA released the latest update of the Air Quality Index (AQI) on Wednesday, which is a measure of air quality in the US.
It measures particulate particles that are emitted by burning fossil fuels and other sources, and are linked to respiratory and heart diseases.
The AQI measures particulates by measuring the number of micro-particles, or particles, in a sample.
The top 10 states for particulates are:California, Oregon, Alaska, New Mexico, Montana, Hawaii, Hawaii and Massachusetts.
The ranking of states is based on the number and concentration of micro particles per cubic meter of air.


There sure is a lot of talk about the weather amongst gardeners, even though we know that talking about the weather won’t change it. In fact, many of us live in a place where everyone says “if you don’t like the weather, wait a minute, it will change”. We say that all the time here in Indiana.
But knowing we can’t change the weather doesn’t stop us from watching weather forecasts, thinking about the weather, worrying about the weather, and comparing weather notes with one another, not only door to door, but state to state and country to country.
Yes, many of us are weather obsessed gardening geeks.
You, too, might be a weather obsessed Gardening Geek if…
You have a rain gauge in the garden and regularly check it after every rain. Bonus points if you have more than one rain gauge and compare the amounts in each. Double bonus points if you have a weather station that measures rain to the hundredth of an inch.
You have a weather station to track all the weather data for your garden. Bonus points if you report data from your weather station to a local weather authority.
When a late freeze in the spring or early frost in the fall are imminent, you think it is okay to actually remove blankets from your own bed to cover the plants. Bonus points if you have purchased coverings just for your plants.
During a hailstorm, you’ve considered running out to the garden with an umbrella to protect your prize winning hostas. Subtract all bonus points if you’ve actually done this! It’s okay to think about it doing it, but not to actually do it. It’s dangerous to be out in a hailstorm.
You know not only your USDA hardiness zone, but also the expected last freeze and first frost dates for your area. Bonus points if even knowing this information, you’ve lost a plant or two due to a late freeze or frost.
You write down the high and low temperature each day in your ten year garden journal. Bonus points if you get the temperatures from your own weather station.
You buy an almanac every year so you can check out the weather information. Bonus points if you consult the almanac before making gardening plans.
You try to watch all the local news broadcasts so you can hear what each weather forecaster says about the weather. Then you try to figure out who is the most accurate. Bonus points if the The Weather Channel logo is burned into the screen of your TV because you’ve watched it non-stop since that bad spring of 2007!
And finally, you might be a weather obsessed gardening geek if…
You tweet about your weather on Twitter. Bonus points if you also read tweets about other gardener’s weather and reply back.
If you aren’t a weather obsessed gardening geek, you might still be a general all-around gardening geek or some other kind of gardening geek. Check out these clues:
Now who’s a gardening geek? And proud to be one!
(The hellebore pictured above has nothing to do with the weather, other than frost and freeze won’t bother it. I just thought it was pretty.)


A new report published by Lancet Medical Journal suggests that climate change will affect children in all the stages of their life cycle.
The world is witnessing the effects of climate change, be it environment, humans, plants or animals. The new study reveals that children are the ones who are going to be affected by climate change the most.
With the continuous rise in global temperature, a child born today will experience a wide range of ambient temperature across their life span. Temperature would be 4 degrees Celsius warmer than the present by the time they become old. This exposure to wide temperature range will severely affect their health.
Children particularly have a weaker immune system and thus are more susceptible to diseases. They will be more prone to diseases caused by malnutrition owning to decreasing crop yield as a result of rising temperatures. Prevalence of infectious diseases will also rise among them due to rising temperature and associated change in rainfall patterns. Incidence of respiratory diseases will also increase due to inhalation of toxic ambient air because of air pollution. All such factors will make their health vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
Experts believe that children are at severe risk, if the global warming trends continue to remain the same and the world today is in dire need to achieve the targets laid out in the Paris Agreement to limit the rise in temperature so that the severity of its effects could be minimized.


This was the view through my “horse-hole” this morning. High humidity caused the haziness. As the morning wore on, the humidity dropped to 31% F. this afternoon, which is FANTASTIC for those of us living along the Gulf Coast. A cold front from way up north dropped all the way down into our southern neck of the woods. Tomorrow morning it is predicted to be 48 degrees F.
The grasses were heavy with dew and humidity and the sun backlit the blades so beautifully. My picture does not do the view justice.
I will be back in full force tomorrow until Wednesday when Tabitha comes in from California. Have a great Saturday evening. I am off to enjoy a Captain Morgan and Ginger Ale. CHEERS!
(Image Credit: Captain & Cola)
Thanks for visiting, See you tomorrow.


A photo of something I hate. Tornados. I did not take this photo, but this is the tornado that hit our town in April 2009. There is something awesome and fascinating about them, but after seeing this bad boy out our window from about 5 miles away, I have a new-found respect, and fear, of tornados. Don’t get me wrong, I am not a basket case whenever a tornado watch or warning is issued, but I am much more watchful and alert now during severe storms. And we have severe storms in our forecast for today, so I will be on the lookout for sure!


The Brussels Low Emission Zone: 10% less air pollution in the first year
since 2018 Brussels-Capital Region
Since 1 January 2018, the Brussels Region has been a Low Emission Zone, which means that the most polluting vehicles are no longer allowed into the city. This puts Brussels on the list of cities where air quality is a priority policy issue.
The decision was taken in 2016 and in 2018, the Low Emission Zone was implemented by the (previous) Brussels government.
The air quality in our city has been below standard for years and this has enormous consequences for the health of Brusselers. Every year, more than 600 residents of Brussels die prematurely due to poor air quality.The Brussels government wants to play a leading role in this and every Brussels citizen must make his or her contribution. The (previous) Brussels government decided in 2016 to make Brussels a Low Emission Zone. Since 1 January 2018, our city has also been a Low Emission Zone in practice. The Low Emission Zone is an important instrument for tackling air pollution in Brussels.
The Low Emission Zone is an important instrument for tackling air pollution in Brussels.The LEZ is the legal framework for preventing polluting cars from entering the city.
Since 1 January 2018, diesels with Euro 0 and 1 have been banned. Since January 2019, diesel vehicles up to Euro 2 and petrol with Euro 0 and 1 are added to this list, and since January 2020, diesels with Euro 3.
Less polluting vehicles in traffic means less air pollution. Between 2018 and 2019, an average reduction in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of 10% was observed.
Emissions from all cars in circulation decreased that year by approximately 11% for nitrogen oxides (NOx), 11.5% for fine particulates (PM2.5) and 77% for black carbon (BC or soot). Emissions from vans in traffic decreased by about 3.5% for NOx, 21% for PM2.5 and 73% for BC.
The Region monitors vehicles equipped with intelligent cameras via an automatic license plate recognition system.
With the introduction of the Low Emission Zone, Brussels has joined many other European cities that are making air quality in their city a priority.
more information: lez.brussels.


An @A00176@ of the atmosphere which is dense enough to be perceptible to the eye. Usually refers to an assembly of water droplet aerosols suspended in the atmosphere, although dust clouds are also recognized.
Source: PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) on page 2180 [Terms] [Paper]
Cite as: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.


Scattered Showers Across Assam Till Sunday: IMD
The IMD said that scattered to fairly widespread rains will drench Assam and Meghalaya, while isolated to scattered showers will be all over Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura till Sunday.
The precipitation will become isolated to scattered over the region on March 8-9.
“Scattered to widespread rainfall with isolated thunderstorm/lightning very likely over Arunachal Pradesh, Assam & Meghalaya and Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram & Tripura during next 4-5 days. Isolated heavy rainfall very likely over Arunachal Pradesh on 05th March and thundersquall (wind speed reaching 50-60 gusting to 70 kmph) & hail also very likely over Assam & Meghalaya on 05th March 2021,” the IMD bulletin read on Friday
Meanwhile, the ongoing snow/rainfall event along with thunderstorms across Arunachal Pradesh will continue this weekend and into next week, engulfing adjoining areas at times. Locally heavy rainfall of up to 50 mm is expected across eastern Arunachal Pradesh on Saturday.


Everyday an average adult breathes approx. 15.000 to 20.000 litres of air per day
Everyday an average adult breathes approx. 15.000 to 20.000 litres of air per day, and we spend 90% of our time indoors. This means that indoor air quality has a big impact on our daily lives. Therefore, interventions to prevent and limit air pollutants are important.
Good air quality has a positive effect on health and well-being. Especially children are uniquely vulnerable to environmental contaminants because, relative to their body size, they breathe in more air than adults. Clean air helps people to stay healthy, to be more productive and happy.
It is a matter of creating an indoor environment that is a combination of good air quality, pleasant temperature, good sound environment and good light quality. All these factors have to be balanced and adapted to the needs of people


|Name:||CO2 Revert Recovery Plant from Dry Ice Production|
CO2 Recovery Plant from Dry Ice Production
SINOCEAN TECHNOLOGY POWER
Dry ice is produced by suddenly expanding pressurized liquid CO2 under atmospheric pressure. The general conversion ratio will be approx. 40 to 45% of dry ice. In simple words: out of 100kg liquid CO2 only 40-45kg will be dry ice and the rest is normally lost as CO2 gas to the atmosphere. With a CO2 Revert Recovery System, however, most of the CO2 can be recovered which leads to a final conversion rate of approx. 90-95 %. This way, the dry ice production costs are reduced up to 50 %.
When one or more units of dry ice machines are working, the co2 gas discharged from dry ice machine will be guided to precooler though gas pipe for recovering cold and then enters gas balloon. Then co2 from gas balloon with normal pressure goes into co2 compressor and becomes 2.5MPa. Then goes into purification tower to get rid of air or water by absorbing. And clean co2 gas goes into precooler and exchanges heat with low temperature expanded gas. Then goes into liquefier and separator: liquified and gas-liquid separated, purified. Lastly liquid co2 goes into co2 tank.


Residue Management Project
The NDSU Residue Management Project monitors soil moisture and temperature in 6-12”, 12-18”, and 18-24” stubble in western, central, and eastern North Dakota. Electronic sensors also monitor rainfall, wind speed and air temperature. The sensors are wired to a data logger that is connected to a cellular modem. A remote computer is programmed to contact the cellular modem every six hours to transfer the data to a computer that serves the data on this Website. The monitoring sites are located in Golden Valley, Stutsman and Cass Counties. Project funding information.
Click these links to view real-time data:


The hardest hit region by air pollution-related deaths in 2012 were low- and middle-income countries in southeast Asia and Western Pacific Regions, where 3.3 million deaths were linked to indoor air pollution and 2.6 million to outdoor air pollution.
This seven-million-death figure, which the WHO reported, represents one in 8 of the total global deaths, more than doubles previous estimates and it confirms air pollution as the globe’s largest single environmental health risk. Deaths from exposure to polluted air are linked to cardiovascular diseases such as strokes and ischemic heart disease, and there is also a connection between air pollution and cancer, according to the new data released by the WHO. Air pollution is also implicated in the development of respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
The WHO notes that about three billion people in low- and middle-income countries still use inefficient fuels and technologies to cook and heat their homes. Charcoal, coal, wood, crop waste, and dung are some of the solid fuel sources still being used, which contributes to indoor air pollution and ill-health, particularly through the production of soot particles, which are inhaled and penetrate deep down in the lungs.
About 4.3 million people prematurely die annually from health conditions linked to indoor air pollution. These deaths include:
· 12 percent due to pneumomia
· 34 percent from stroke
· 26 percent from ischemic heart disease
· 22 percent from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
· 6 percent from lung cancer.
“Cleaning up the air we breathe prevents noncommunicable diseases as well as reduces disease risks among women and vulnerable groups, including children and the elderly,” says Dr Flavia Bustreo, WHO Assistant Director-General Family, Women, and Children’s Health. “Poor women and children pay a heavy price from indoor air pollution since they spend more time at home breathing in smoke and soot from leaky coal and wood cook stoves.”
Outdoor air pollution was linked to 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012. Sources of ambient or outdoor air pollution include emissions and small particulate matters from large industries and from the transport sector.


Wednesday, March 4, 2020
PROPHECY CONFIRMATION - SHOWERS OF RAIN ARE FALLING!
After Prophet TB Joshua’s prophetic declaration on Saturday 29th February 2020 about showers of rain falling to wipe away all fears of the unknown, we have continued to receive reports of unusual showers of rain falling in nations all over the world.
Right now, it is raining in Paris, France - one of the European countries hardest hit by the fear of coronavirus - and it is forecast by weather experts to rain across the entire country in the coming hours, which is an unusual occurrence in March! Since Prophet TB Joshua’s word of prophecy, more than two to three weeks worth of rain has fallen in the nation of France in a matter of days.
Remember, whether you come in contact with the rain or not, it does not matter. Rejoice for these showers of rain are wiping away all fears of the unknown - eg. Coronavirus!
Oko-Oloyun Worldwide and De-Fayus International founder, Alhaji Fatai Yusuf (Aka Oko Oloyun), has been shot dead by unknown gunmen. ...
My Opinion!!! The Yoruba traditions, norm, customs and culture have been subjected to ridicules. Just two days ag...


Breathe Easy Week coincides with the British Lung Foundations ‘Love Your Lungs Week, 21-27 June’ a week in which people come together to raise awareness around lung health and the impacts that it can have on both a person’s mental & physical health.
Approximately 10,000 people in the UK are newly diagnosed with a lung disease every week and over the last year in particular, the pandemic has taught us how important it is to love your lungs and care for your respiratory health.
Air pollution in the UK is currently at dangerously high levels, putting people’s health at risk and causing serious long-term conditions. Unfortunately, it is also some of the most vulnerable in our society that are most at risk. Children, those who are pregnant, older people and the 12 million people living with pre-existing lung conditions are most effected.
What is air pollution?
An air pollutant is anything in the air that could harm people’s health. There are many pollutants in the air, although the particularly damaging ones are: small particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulphur dioxide.
Levels of air pollution vary across the UK. Higher levels are generally found in most UK towns and cities. This is where sources of pollution, such as road traffic, are more concentrated. In the country, farming can also be a source of air pollution.
Where does air pollution come from?
Different types of air pollution come from different sources, so the mix of pollutants found varies across the UK. Air pollution can travel long distances and can affect areas far away from where it was formed. It’s even possible for UK pollution levels to be affected by sources from outside the country.
In towns and cities, the main source of air pollution is road transport. Other sources of air pollution include:
- sources of smoke, including cigarette smoke
- burning fuel in houses for heating or cooking
- emissions from power generation
What are the effects of air pollution on your lungs?
The effect that air pollution has on your lungs depends on the type and mix of pollutants in the air, the concentration of pollutants and how much of the pollutant gets down into your lungs.
If you’re exposed to high pollution levels, for example on a busy road or during a high pollution episode, you may experience a rapid onset of symptoms. These include irritated airways, feeling out of breath and coughing. If you find these symptoms happen regularly you should visit your doctor for a review.
Who’s most at risk from air pollution?
People react to air pollution in different ways and some are more affected than others.
Air pollution is especially harmful to people who are living with a lung condition, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Older people, children and babies also have a higher risk of experiencing symptoms and other harmful effects from breathing in polluted air.
Healthy people who work or exercise outdoors might also experience symptoms when they’re exposed to moderate or high levels of pollution. They may feel out of breath or start coughing.
How can I protect myself from air pollution?
On high pollution days, the best thing you can do to reduce your exposure to air pollution is to avoid main roads and busy streets where possible. If you have a lung condition or have children, this is even more important, consider taking precautions such as these:
- Reduce or avoid strenuous, outdoor exercise. If you have a lung condition, exercise has many benefits, so if possible, keep doing your exercise indoors in a well-ventilated room or gym.
- Stay away from pollution hotspots such as main roads and busy road junctions.
- Try to get to work a little earlier before rush hour has begun and levels of pollution have built up.
- If you cycle, run or walk as part of your commute, use back streets away from the bulk of vehicle congestion.
- Walk on the inside of the pavement – the further you are from the traffic the lower the pollution levels are.
- Make sure you carry your reliever inhaler with you if you use one.
- If you have asthma, make sure you use your preventer inhaler regularly.
- Make sure you carry or know your asthma plan. If you don’t have one, ask your doctor for one.
Local Air Pollution Forecast
DEFRA (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs) releases pollution forecasts daily for your area, check yours here – DEFRA’s UK AIR.
Further information about AIR Pollution and Lung Disease can be found at – British Lung Foundation.


Air Quality Planning
Air pollution comes from many different sources - factories, power plants, various small businesses like dry cleaners – but it also comes from mobile sources. Mobile sources include cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships, lawn mowers, and construction equipment.
Transportation-related air pollution is pollution that results from the operation of cars, trucks, buses, trains, and ships. Although transportation is only one cause of the air pollution in the Baltimore region, it is a sizeable one.
What we do for cleaner air
In addition to working closely with member jurisdictions and the Maryland Departments of the Environment and Transportation, the Baltimore Regional Transportation Board (BRTB) does a number of things to address transportation and air quality issues and to promote cleaner air.
Policy and Planning
- How Far Can We Get? Study - The How Far Can We Get? Study was initiated by the Baltimore Regional Transportation Board in fall 2013 to better understand the level of emission reductions that are achievable through a reasonable level of reduction measure implementation, and to inform the region’s next long range transportation plan, Maximize2040. The How Far Can We Get Oversight Committee was formed to handle the decision-making and oversight of the study, conducted by BMC staff. The objectives of the study were to understand:
The federal fuel economy and Tier 3/low sulfur fuel programs for light-duty vehicles from 2017-2025 can reduce GHG emissions 11.7% in 2030 and 17.6% in 2040. Additionally, the recommended strategies from this report, the Vehicle Technology Plus/Marketing Scenario, estimate a 2.9% reduction in 2030 and a 9.8% reduction in 2040. When combined these strategies may result in up to a 15% and 27% reduction in GHG emissions in 2030 and 2040, respectively.
- The level of existing and future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the region’s transportation system;
- How far the region can reduce GHG emissions through transportation emission reduction measures (TERMs); and,
- Options to address GHG’s in the Baltimore region’s long-range transportation plan, Maximize2040.
- Air Quality Conformity - Because the Baltimore region is not currently meeting federal air quality standards, the BRTB must show that the emissions resulting from transportation plans, programs, and federally-funded projects are within emissions limits set by the State of Maryland’s air quality plan. Every transportation plan for the region is studied to see what effect the projects could have on air quality. This process is called “transportation conformity”, or just “conformity.”
- Interagency Consultation Group - The ICG meets monthly to discuss current transportation topics and how they affect the region’s air quality.
Outreach and education
To help reduce emissions from transportation sources, the Baltimore Metropolitan Council conducts several outreach efforts designed to educate people about the relationship between driving and air quality. These include:
- Bike to Work Day – hundreds of cyclists join early morning pep rallies at several locations throughout the region.
- Outreach appearances at community events – our staff, joined by volunteers from the Clean Commute Partnership, talk to thousands of people one-on-one about transportation and air quality and to promote Clean Commuting options such as riding mass transit or carpooling.
- Commuter "thank-you" events – we show our appreciation to folks who use area park and ride facilities.
- Media campaigns – TV, radio, and print ads are used to spread the word about transportation and air quality
- Environmental News Brief - The Environmental News Brief e-newsletter serves as a resource to inform stakeholders and the public about news related to air quality and transportation in the Baltimore region.
- Partnerships - Staff works closely with groups like Metro RideShare and Clean Air Partners to educate the public about improving air quality.
- Clean Air Partners - In 1997, the Baltimore Metropolitan Council and the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments co-chartered the Clean Air Partners organization. This unique public/private partnership educates residents of the Baltimore and Washington regions about the health dangers of air pollution. Clean Air Partners also promotes simple things people can do to help reduce the amount of pollutants released in our air. As part of Clean Air Partners, BMC staff members take part in:
- Coordinating the Baltimore region’s Air Quality Action Days Program
- Providing communications and support to the over two hundred organizations participating in the Air Quality Action Days program
- Recruiting new members for Clean Air Partners
- Visiting community events and schools to promote awareness of air quality issues
- Answering media question about air pollution
Air Quality 101
What Air Pollutants in the Baltimore Region Does Traffic Contribute to?
Traffic from vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) in the Baltimore region contributes to fine particulate matter (fine soot) and ground-level ozone, as well as other pollutants. Ground-level ozone and fine particulate matter are a major concern because the region is not reaching federal standards for these pollutants.
How is Ground-Level Ozone Formed?
Ground-level ozone is formed by the combination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sunlight. VOCs come from gasoline, paint, solvents, pesticides and charcoal lighter fluid. They are also formed naturally. NOX comes from cars, trucks, and buses, as well as power plants, and coal-burning stoves.
VOCs + NOX + Sunlight = Ozone
How is Particulate Matter Formed?
Particulate matter is formed both directly and indirectly. It is formed directly by motor vehicles exhaust, fires, power plants, construction dust, and unpaved roads.
Particulate matter is formed indirectly when products of fuel combustion, sunlight, and water vapor react with each other to create particles.
Facts on the Baltimore Region's Air Quality
The Baltimore/Washington D.C./Northern Virginia region was ranked 13th for ozone pollution by the American Lung Association in their State of the Air 2005 report.
Harford County ranked within the top 25 most polluted counties in the country, in terms of ozone pollution, by the American Lung Association’s State of the Air 2012 report. At the same time, Harford County ranks as one of the cleanest counties in the country for short-term particle pollution.
The Baltimore/Washington D.C./Northern Virginia region was ranked 22nd for short-term particle pollution by the American Lung Association in their State of the Air 2012 report.
Baltimore City ranked in the top 25 most polluted jurisdictions for short-term particle pollution, by the American Lung Association’s State of the Air 2005 report.
Why should we care?
The issue of air pollution in the Baltimore region is a critical one because ozone and fine particulates can cause respiratory systems and other serious health problems in sensitive populations. In addition, fine particulates can increase rates of cardiovascular illness and may reduce life span.
Air Quality Conformity
Air Quality Conformity
News:On December 16th, 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency finalized their decision that the Baltimore region has reached the national ambient air quality standard (or, NAAQS) for fine particulate matter, and continues to stay below unhealthy levels.
What is transportation conformity?
Transportation conformity is the process that is used to review the current transportation plan and program in a region to ensure they conform with to the state’s air quality plan. Each state’s air quality plan, also known as the State Implementation Plan, determines how the states will meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
Why does the Baltimore Regional Transportation Board go through transportation conformity?
As the Metropolitan Planning Organization for a region that is not currently reaching federal air quality standards, the Baltimore Regional Transportation Board (BRTB) is required to go through the process of transportation conformity every time there is a new transportation plan, program or federally-funded project.
How do we rate? Air quality in the Baltimore region
- Ground-level Ozone – In July 2012, the Baltimore region was designated “moderate” nonattainment for the 8-hour ground-level ozone standard set in 2008. However, over the past few years the region has experienced lower levels of ozone pollution. As of 2015, the region is meeting the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS. At the same time, a new, stricter ozone standard of 0.070 parts per million was set in October 2015. The region will continue to work to reduce ozone-forming emissions.
- Fine Particulate Matter - On December 16th, the U.S. EPA finalized their decision that the Baltimore region has reached the annual PM2.5 NAAQS for fine particulate matter, and continues to stay below unhealthy levels . As part of the Clean Air Act, the State of Maryland must ensure that the region’s air quality continues to stay at healthy levels for PM2.5. To do this, the State has developed a maintenance state implementation plan, or SIP. The maintenance SIP demonstrates how the region will continue to maintain safe levels out to 2025.
- Carbon Monoxide – The Baltimore region is also in a maintenance phase for the carbon monoxide standard. The federal standard for carbon monoxide has already been reached and must stay the same or below this level.
Working together to improve air quality
The transportation conformity process is coordinated through the Interagency Consultation Group, a subcommittee of the Baltimore Regional Transportation Board (BRTB).
The group looks at state air quality goals and the ability of the transportation plans and programs to meet those goals.
Recent Conformity Determinations
- Conformity Determination of the 2014-2017 Transportation Improvement Program and Amended Plan It 2035
- Conformity Determination of Plan It 2035 and the 2012‐2015 Transportation Improvement Program Addendum to Address the 2008 Ozone Standard with Appendices
- Conformity Determination of the 2011‐2014 Transportation Improvement Program with Appendices
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ)
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ)
The Baltimore Regional Transportation Board’s (BRTB) Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) Improvement Program competitively selects projects that can help the Baltimore region reduce emissions from mobile sources and meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards. CMAQ eligible projects must be able to reduce air pollution emissions and in some cases reduce traffic congestion. The CMAQ program is administered by the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Transit Administration and is provided to state and local governments.
The call for project applications is currently closed.
The following table provides a listing of projects that were selected by the BRTB to receive federal CMAQ funds during prior rounds of funding through the BRTB CMAQ Competitive Selection Process. Once the projects receive BRTB approval, the project sponsors must then apply for and received approval from FHWA or FTA before moving forward and putting the project out for bid.
Air Quality Modeling
Air Quality Modeling
Why do we do air quality modeling?
The Baltimore region does not currently meet federal air quality standards for ozone and fine particulates. As a result, the region is required to estimate future air pollution emissions that will result from projects in the Baltimore Regional Long Range Transportation Plan and the Transportation Improvement Program.
Through air quality modeling, we can determine the potential impact that highway and transit projects in transportation plans and programs will have on our air quality.*
In addition, this modeling process ensures that regional transportation plans do not delay the timely attainment of federal air quality standards. This process is called a conformity determination. To learn more about conformity determinations, visit our page on Air Quality Conformity
How is air quality modeling performed?
Emissions that result from transportation projects in the Baltimore region are estimated using a computer model.** After Baltimore Metropolitan Council staff runs the travel demand model to determine demand on the region’s transportation system in future years, air pollution emissions modeling is performed.
Travel demand estimates from the region’s travel demand model are combined with environmental assumptions (such as temperature) and information on mobile emissions control programs (such as inspection and maintenance programs) to become inputs to the air quality model. Then, the air quality model is run and outputs data that is then converted into estimates of air pollutant emissions.
This process provides estimates of emissions of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide (in tons per day) as well as fine particulates, or fine soot (in tons per year), resulting from the region’s transportation system.
Which BMC committees are responsible for air quality modeling?
The Interagency Consultation Group is the committee that focuses on air quality issues. It is responsible for coordinating the transportation conformity process, and overseeing the air quality modeling process. The Technical Committee is responsible for reviewing all technical analyses associated with conformity, such as modeling assumptions, data collection and accuracy.
For more information on Environmental Protection Agency's air quality model for vehicle emissions, called the MOBILE emissions model, visit: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/mobile.htm.
* The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require that regions that are not reaching federal standards for air quality must test transportation plans and programs to make sure that their air quality is not made worse by their implementation.
** The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has procedures for calculating air emissions estimates in future years. BMC maintains an air quality modeling process that meets the EPA’s requirements.
What is ground-level ozone?
Ozone is a gas that is formed by the combination of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and sunlight. Ground-level ozone is what people commonly refer to as smog.
How does ground-level ozone affect me?
Ground-level ozone can be harmful to your health if you work or exercise outdoors on a regular basis in the summer, if you have respiratory problems, or if you are a child, or elderly. Short term effects of ground-level ozone include pain when taking a deep breath, coughing, eye irritation, and aggravation of respiratory illnesses like asthma. Long term effects of ozone include reduced lung function and lung damage.
Why are children especially vulnerable to ground-level ozone?
- They play outside on summer afternoons
- Their lungs are still developing
- They breathe more rapidly than adults
- They inhale more pollution per pound of body weight than adults do
When is ground-level ozone a problem?
Ground-level ozone is mainly a problem between May and September every year.
What can I do?
- Reduce travel on days with poor air quality.
- Rideshare to work or carpool when going out with friends. Visit MetroRideshare.com to find out more
- Ride transit, bike, or walk to work instead of driving.
- Refuel after dark.
- Bring your lunch to work, instead of driving to lunch.
- Have children play indoors on days with poor air quality.
- Ask your employer if teleworking is an option. Learn more at TeleworkBaltimore.com
- Check out the color-coded Clean Air Partners Air Quality Action Guide.
What is the Baltimore Regional Transportation Board doing to improve air quality?
The BRTB checks each transportation plan and program in the region to make sure that the ground-level ozone problem in the Baltimore region does not get worse as a result of transportation projects. This also helps us to make sure that these plans do not prevent us from meeting the federal ground-level ozone standard. This is done through what is called the Conformity process. Learn about how the BRTB addresses transportation-related air pollution.
Particulate matter is a serious problem for the regionParticulate matter pollution is a serious and growing concern. Recent studies show that such pollution is harmful, even at current health standards set by the federal government. New standards address this by working to reduce the levels of the most harmful types of particles.
What is particulate matter?
Particulate matter is made of the particles and droplets found in the air. By themselves, these particles and droplets are invisible to the naked eye. But all together, they can appear as clouds or a fog-like haze.
"Fine particles" (1/28 the diameter of a human hair - see picture below) come from many different sources, including industrial and residential combustion and vehicle exhaust. Thousands of these tiny particles would fit on the period at the end of this sentence. Larger particulate matter (coarse particles) also have many sources. These include things like dust from construction, landfills, and stone crushing; wind-blown dust; and road dust.
Click photo to enlarge. Source: http://www.epa.gov/
What are examples of particulate matter?
Dust, ash, mist, smoke, soot or fumes.
How does particulate matter affect me?
Both coarse and fine particles are a health concern. Because of their small size, they can get into sensitive areas of the lungs and heart.
Fine particles are the biggest concern because they are linked to the most serious effects. They can cause a persistent cough, wheezing, and physical pain, as well as worsen conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Long-term exposure may increase the rate of respiratory (lung) and cardiovascular (heart) illness and reduce life span.
Is this a new problem?
Particulate matter has been a problem for years. However, recent studies show that major health problems can result from exposure even below current standards. So, the federal government made these standards stricter in order to protect human health and the environment.
What can you do?
- Reduce travel on days with poor air quality.
- Avoid using your wood stove and fireplace on days that have poor air quality.
- Avoid using leaf blowers and other dust-producing equipment.
- Drive slowly on unpaved roads and other dirt surfaces.
What is the Baltimore Regional Transportation Board doing?The BRTB checks each transportation plan and program in the region to make sure that the fine particulate matter problem in the Baltimore region does not get worse as a result of transportation projects. This also helps us to make sure that these plans do not prevent us from meeting the federal fine particulate matter standard. This is done through what is called the Conformity process.
For more information:


Climate change is the greatest challenge facing humanity. It is threatening biodiversity in flora and fauna, will compromise ecosystems and change our way of life.
The average global temperature has already risen 0.74 degrees Celsius in the past 100 years. UN researchers believe it is possible that the global temperature will rise up to 6.4 degrees Celsius by 2100.
What does “climate neutral” mean?
“Climate neutral” is a term used to describe companies, processes or products whose greenhouse emissions are calculated and then offset by purchasing emissions certificates. Climate neutrality means that the object described as being climate neutral, such as a product or a service, will not change the CO2-balance in the atmosphere. So, climate neutral electively means that an object is produced, used and disposed of in an emission-free manner (which seldom happens), or that the greenhouse gas emissions are offset someplace else, thereby neutralizing the negative effect on CO2-balance.
I am an entrepreneur interested in becoming active in climate protection. Where do I start?
There is no procedure to climate protection which is generally binding. However, it has been shown that a good way to start is to take inventory of the emissions you are generating in your business operations. This can be done by calculating the CO2 footprint (also called CO2 balance or greenhouse gas balance). ClimatePartner recommends calculating this CO2 footprint according to the standards of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. You can use the CO2 balance to calculate how much CO2 your business operation is generating. This is the starting point for all considerations involved in reducing CO2 at your company.
How do entrepreneurs benefit from becoming active in climate protection?
- You’ll show that your company and your products are keeping with the times, thereby improving your company’s relative competitiveness.
- You are contributing to climate protection.
- This provides you with an economic basis for your company.
- In an ideal situation, you’ll also be promoting socially commendable objectives.
- You’ll be inspiring those around you with your exemplary contribution.
- This means you’ll be contributing to future generations having the chance to continue living on this planet.
The basis for all individual improvements in climate protection is a company’s CO2 footprint.
Overview of our carbon offset projects and an overview of the positive effects the carbon offset projects have.


Koh Phangan sunny tropical weather!
Koh Phangan Weather mild and Sunny year around
when it comes to koh phangan weather there is only one thing to say, it’s great!
Sunny year round, temperatures never excceding …
It’s always around 30 degres on Koh Phangan. Evenings are great too, no need to have an extra jumper with you!
Koh Phangan Weather
The best time to travel is during high season, many loves to escape cold Europe during winter time to come to enjoy life from a hammoc with a coconut shake!
The hotest period is in April- May when the heat and the humidity are very high.
Koh Phangan Weather is always good and if it rains it never rains long except during the rainy season.
The rainy season is in october and november. Then many days may pass with the monsoon, which means heavy rain non stop.


Besides temperature, humidity is a very important process parameter. The relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere, for example, has a far-reaching influence on our well-being and our health. In industrial processes the correct adjustment of humidity is often decisive for the competitiveness and quality of the product. Correct adjustment of humidity level can also contribute to appreciable savings in energy consumption. the list of applications in which the measurement of humiditiy is considered important can be exteded indefinitely. Wherever the water vapour content of the air can produce or influence chemical, physical or biological processes it is very important to ensure that humidity is monitored continuously.
Clean and dry air contains the following constituents (in vol %):
78.10 Vol.-% nitrogen
20.93 Vol.-% oxygen
0.93 Vol-% argon
0.03 Vol.-% carbon dioxide
0.01 Vol.-% hydrogen
together with smaller amounts of neon, helium, krypton and xenon.
In addition to these constituents, indoor and outdorr air contains an number of gases and solids as well as a certain quantity of moisture in the form of water vapour. Air is therefore a homogeneous mixture of different gases and can be considered as an "ideal gas". Solar radiation and wind ensure uniform mixing of the gases involved so that there is no stratification despite the differences in specific gravity.
The total pressure of a gas mixture consists of the sum of the partial pressures of its constituents. Expressed in simple terms, air thus consists of dry air and water vapour.
P = Pw + Pdry
where (Pw) represents the partial pressure produced by water vapour and (Pdry) the sum of the partial pressure of all other gases.
Air is capable of absorbing and storing a certain quantity of water vapour depending on its temperature. This quantity increases with increasing temperature. At any particula temperature the resulting water vapour pressure can only rise up to the saturation limit which is designated as the saturation water vapour pressure PS.
The atmospheric pressure and the presence of other gases or contaminants have no influence on the behaviour described above.
The dew point temperature Td is the temperature at which air ist saturated with water vapour; further addition of water vapour or cooling of the air results in condensation. The excess water vapour condenses as rain, mist or condensate. The saturated state is maintained. The dew point temperatur is equal to the water vapour saturation temperature and can be a maximum of 100 °C normal pressure.
The humidity content of air can be characterised by two parameters. We distinguish between relative humidity and absolute humidity.
Relative humidity ist defined as the ratio between the actual partial vapour pressure Pw in a gas and the maximum possible vapour pressure, i.e. the saturation vapour pressure Ps, at the particular temperature.
rH=100 * ( Pw / Ps (t) ) [%]
Relative humidity is non-dimensional value. It represents a ratio and is specified in percent. Since the saturation pressure depends only on temperature of the air, it follows that relative humidity is also dependent on temperature.
The absolute humidity a is the quantity of water vapour contained in certain volume of air.
a= mass of water vapour / volume of air
The unit for absoulute humidity is g/m3. Measurement of absolute humidity has the great advantage that it represents the quantity of water actually present in a gas, for example independent of temperature.
Here the ratio of the mass of the water vapour to the mass of the dry gas is represented. Usually, units g/kgtrocked air and % are used.
It thus indicates how many grams of water vapour are contained in one kilogram of dry air. In process engineering, the determination of water content plays an important role, as it provides much more meaningful data compared to relative humidity.
The dimensions of absolute and relative humidity have a fixed relationship to each other. The units of absolute humidity can be selected according to the respective requirements.
The most common units are:
Dew point (-temperature) - °C
Mixing ratio - g/kg dry air
Absolute humidity - g/m3
The corresponding correlations are shown in the i-x diagram (Mollier diagram).
Air temperature 28 °C
Humidity 60 % rH
Find the measured values in the diagram and determine the intersection point A. Fall a vertical line on the intersection point and draw through to the upper and lower edges of the diagram. The point of intersection at the upper edge gives the water vapour pressure e = 17 mm QS, which at the lower edge gives the water content X = 14 g/kg
Air temperature 28 °C
Humidity 60 % rH
As described under a) Determine intersection point A. From intersection point A go vertically to the maximum humidity 100% and from this point draw a line on the axis (left) with the temperature division. The new intersection point results in the dew point temperature of 19.4 °C. The dew point temperature of 19.4 °C is the same as the dew point temperature of 19.4 °C.
Various measuring methods can be used to determine the air humidity. The selection of the most suitable measuring method is usually to be made by the user in connection with the object to be measured. It is often possible to achieve a higher measuring accuracy or to meet the desired requirements by means of a simple but correctly arranged humidity measuring device. For general assistance, some of the best-known and most frequently used moisture measurement methods and their areas of application are described below.
Construction of the sensor
With the psychrometric measuring method, the relative air humidity is determined directly. The measuring method is based on the principle of heat exchange.
The psychrometer basically consists of two independent temperature sensors, one of which is used as a humidity temperature sensor and the other as a dry temperature sensor. The humidity temperature sensor is surrounded by an absorbent fabric soaked in water. Depending on the temperature or moisture content of the circulating air, a certain amount of water vapour is released by evaporation through a necessary air flow. This causes the surface of the moist thermometer to cool noticeably (wet bulb temperature). At the same time, the air temperature of the environment (dry temperature) is measured with the second temperature sensor. The psychrometric temperature difference thus determined is a measure of the relative humidity present in the air.
With the psychrometer and careful handling, precise measurements of the air humidity can be carried out. For example, aspiration psychrometers according to Assmann are used as internationally recognised reference and control devices. An integrated fan with spring winding ensures an average constant air velocity of approx. 3 m/s, which flows around the thermometers. The temperature difference is read on two calibrated glass thermometers.
The evaluation is carried out manually using a table or a graphic psychrometer panel. The aspiration psychrometer charts of the German Weather Service, divided into 10ths of a degree, can also be used for higher evaluation accuracy.
In addition to the aspiration psychrometer, a variety of different designs are also available. The field of application of most mechanical psychrometers with glass thermometers is limited to the climate range for measurements at temperatures ≤ 60 °C. The advantage of these designs is that no power supply is required.
The electric psychrometers enable an extended field of application. The wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures are measured by Pt-100 resistance thermometers. This means that the relative humidity determined according to the "Sprungsche formula" can be directly displayed or further processed in microprocessor-controlled display, control and recording devices with corresponding input circuitry. The temperature range is from almost 0 to 100 °C.
The psychrometric measuring method is insensitive to other humidity measuring methods and therefore largely permits measurements in dirty, solvent-containing and aggressive gases. For example, electrical psychrometers are used for continuous measurements in the butcher's and cheese industry.
With the psychrometric measuring method, which has been known for more than one hundred years, a simple and cost-effective moisture measuring method has been realized. Reliable continuous measurements, however, require application-specific criteria that must be fulfilled. For example, sufficient ventilation and humidification as well as maintenance of the measuring equipment. Details can be found in the operating and procedural instructions of the respective instrument.
The moisture content of the ambient air, which depends on the temperature, penetrates the hygroscopic upper electrode of the humidity sensor as water vapour and reaches the active polymer film.
The amount of water vapour absorbed in the polymer film changes the electrical properties of the humidity sensor and has the effect of changing the capacitance. The capacitance change is proportional to the change in relative humidity and is evaluated by downstream electronics and converted into a standardized output signal. The evaluation electronics must be adapted to the basic capacity of the respective humidity sensor.
Due to the special design and the low dead weight of the capacitive humidity sensors, very fast response times are achieved. Furthermore, they are largely insensitive to light soiling and dust. As protection against contact with the surface, the sensors are enclosed in a plastic housing. Dew-proof versions are available for applications in the high humidity range.
Capacitive measuring methods are used, for example, in the climate sector and in industrial processes where there is no high concentration of corrosive gases or solutions.
The standard measuring range for capacitive humidity sensors is predominantly 10 to 90 % RH. With higher quality versions, measurements in the range between 0 and 100 % RH are possible.
Working rage of a capacitive humidity sensor for industrial applications
Change of hair length depending on relative humidity
One of the main advantages of the capacitive measuring method is the feasible temperature range in which the humidity measurements can be carried out. For example, modern humidity sensors for industrial applications allow measurements between -40 to +180 °C, whereby the temperature is recorded simultaneously and is also available as a standardized output signal.
Depending on the instrument version, deviations of the displayed working range are possible.
Due to the purely electrical measurement, the capacitive measurement method offers a further advantage. For example, high-quality humidity sensors equipped with the latest microprocessor technology can be equipped with a variety of possible options and functions.
Since different gas pressures and air velocities have hardly any influence on the capacitive humidity sensor, device versions are available which allow measurements in pressure-loaded systems between 0 and 100 bar.
The measuring accuracy is between ±2 and ±5 % rf, depending on the instrument version. Under certain conditions, even measurement accuracies of ±1 % RH can be achieved.
The hygrometric measuring method uses the special properties of hygroscopic fibrous materials to determine air humidity. If these fibres are exposed to ambient air, measurable changes in length occur after a compensation time depending on the moisture content of the air.
The respective condition of the pulp now enables a direct conclusion to be drawn about the air humidity present. In hygrometric measuring elements, specially prepared plastic threads and human hair are mainly used.
The effectiveness of the measuring element is based on the fact that the hair used is able to absorb moisture. The absorption of moisture creates a swelling effect on the hair, which is mainly noticeable as a change in length.
With increasing humidity the hair lengthens. The change in length is approx. 2.5 % in relation to the hair length with a change in moisture from 0 to 100 %. The hair, however, shows only a relatively small elongation at high humidity (see figure above).
Hair measuring elements are preferably used in pointer instruments for climatic applications. The change in length of the hair is transferred to a pointer or pencil by a special precision mechanical transmission. For reasons of mechanical stability, several hairs are combined to form a hair bundle or a hair harp.
The measuring method guarantees an accuracy of ±3 % in the measuring range from 0 to 90 (100) % RH. Ambient temperatures from -35 to +50 °C are possible. For prolonged use in the low humidity range below 40 % RH, the hair element must be regenerated. For this purpose, the hair hygrometer is exposed to almost saturated air (approx. 94 to 98 %) for approx. 60 minutes. A possible correction of the pointer position can then be carried out with an adjusting screw. Hair hygrometers are sensitive to hygroscopic dust and must therefore be protected or cleaned at regular intervals.
The plastic measuring element uses plastic threads instead of human hair. A special process also gives these fibres hygroscopic properties. Changes in relative humidity cause a proportional change in length of the measuring element. The elongation is also transmitted via a precision mechanical transmission.
The advantage of the plastic measuring element is that it can be used at higher temperatures (up to 110 °C) and also over a longer period of time at low relative humidity. A regeneration known from the hair measuring elements is not necessary here.
The plastic measuring element is water-resistant and insensitive to dry dirt, dust, fluff and similar contamination. The measuring or working range is (0)30 to 100 % RH, but depends on the ambient temperature (see figure below). The measuring accuracy is ±2 to 3 %.
Hygrometric transducers with a plastic element are used for continuous measurements in industrial process engineering and in climatic applications due to their high insensitivity and higher temperature compatibility. Depending on the respective application, a wide variety of instrument versions are available.
These include, but are not limited to:
The change in length of the plastic measuring element is sensed by a suitable system and usually converted into a linear resistance signal. Versions with built-in two-wire transmitters are also available, whereby standardized current and voltage signals are available at the output. Devices with an additional temperature measuring range are referred to as hygrothermo transducers.
In this variant, the change in length of the measuring element is used to actuate a switching contact. The hygrostats are used to control humidification and dehumidification systems.
The hygrograph is a recording moisture recorder with hygrometric hair or plastic measuring elements. An additional temperature recording is also possible (hygrothermograph). Fields of application are e.g. weather stations.
With the hygrometric measuring method, humidity measurements in unpressurized and non-aggressive air are generally possible. Measurements in solvent-containing and aggressive media should be avoided, as their type and concentration can cause incorrect measurements or destroy the measuring element.
The section on moisture measurement methods and their areas of application deals with basic principles. Described instrument versions and technical specifications may therefore differ from those of the manufacturer. More detailed information can therefore be found in the operating instructions or data sheets of the individual instruments.


Fall in the Roaring Fork Valley is beautiful, with the changing leaves and exodus of tourists. It also marks the start of the countdown to the upcoming ski season — the reason many people relocate to the valley.
After three consecutive La Niña years, OpenSnow forecasters are growing confident that the upcoming winter will be an El Niño season.
“For the upcoming winter season, an El Niño looks to be in store, and better yet, current sea surface temperatures are showing a strengthening El Niño event,” Basalt-based OpenSnow meteorologist Sam Collentine wrote.
The term El Niño refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate phenomenon linked to periodic warming in sea-surface temperatures across the central and east-central equatorial Pacific. It represents the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle and means that the ocean water temperatures are warmer than average, according to OpenSnow. ENSO refers to the year-to-year variations in sea-surface temperatures, convective rainfall, surface air pressure, and atmospheric circulation that occur across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
As of Aug. 10, the National Weather Service Climate Prediction Center predicts an El Niño to continue through the Northern Hemisphere winter, with greater than 95% chance from December 2023 through February 2024.
“Note that a strong El Niño does not necessarily equate to strong El Niño impacts locally, with the odds of related climate anomalies often lower than the chances of El Niño itself,” the prediction states.
While it’s tempting to jump to the conclusion that an El Niño year means more snowfall, Collentine said history shows that Aspen Snowmass tends to be right around normal for snowfall during El Niño events, with the potential for a stronger start and end to the season.
The last El Niño season was 2015-2016, which produced normal snowfall at Aspen Highlands, normal snowfall at Aspen Mountain, and slightly below-normal snowfall at Snowmass, Collentine wrote.
Collentine dug through data on snowfall in Aspen over the past 30 years and found the 30-year median snowfall is 166 inches. Looking at data from the past seven El Niño winters, the median snowfall during those El Niño years is 158 inches, or 95% compared to the 30-year normal. The past seven El Niño winters were 1982-1983, 1986-1987, 1991-1992, 1997-1998, 2002-2003, 2009-2010, and 2015-2016.
The past three years have followed a La Niña pattern, which is the inverse of an El Niño pattern, where the same ocean temperatures fall below-average, and is defined by wet, cold weather in the north and dryer, warmer weather in the south, Summit Daily reported.
However, neither pattern guarantees an outcome for winter conditions, especially at the local level.
“It’s one of the few things that we have any shred of ability to forecast six months in advance,” OpenSnow founder Joel Gratz told Summit Daily. “Just because there’s a correlation, it doesn’t mean that every year is guaranteed to be that way.”
According to Collentine, longer-range forecasts can identify possible storms 1-2 weeks (or longer) in advance; but often, forecast confidence in the details of each storm only begins to increase when the system is about one week away or closer.
To reach Audrey Ryan, email her at firstname.lastname@example.org.


Winter just won't go away for certain parts of the US. Four inches of snow fell in Vermont and parts of upstate New York overnight just a day after a hail storm hit North Carolina. Parts of western Maine and northern New Hampshire were getting snowfall Tuesday morning, but most folks were seeing more rain. Several Vermont residents took to social media to blast Mother Nature for bringing more snow to the state. 'I blame myself. Sunday I said, "At least I can feel confident that it's not going to snow anymore." Mother Nature: "bahahahahahah,"' one user wrote. Rangers at Vermont State Parks tweeted: 'Another 4″ at Woodford State Park overnight. Park staff are shoveling instead of raking to get the park ready to open.'


The Adventist Development and Relief Agency is moving to provide disaster assistance.
Published on: 12-20-2021
Typhoon Rai (locally named Odette) brought havoc to millions of Filipinos as “one of the world’s strongest storms” of 2021 made landfall in the central and southern part of the Philippines on December 16, 2021.
According to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the Philippines’ weather forecast bureau, Rai initially made landfall in Surigao del Norte’s Siargao Island at 1:30 p.m., then hit Cagdianao, Dinagat Islands at 3:10 p.m.
Days before the typhoon hit the Philippines, the local weather bureau urged evacuation as Typhoon Rai seemed similar to Typhoon Sendong, which wiped out major cities in the southern Philippines in 2011. Weather forecasts reported that Typhoon Rai developed swiftly over several hours and was expected to supersede the tragic experience of Typhoon Sendong. According to PAGASA, a few hours before Rai made landfall, it increased rapidly in sustained winds and rainfall.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported that 98,000 people from 26,420 families were evacuated in both regions in preparation for the storm.
Typhoon Rai then moved to the southwestern part of the Philippines, passing over the Panay Gulf and heading toward Palawan.
With wind speed increasing to 195 kph (121 mph) near the eye and gusting up to 240 kph (149 mph), Typhoon Rai left destruction across its path.
Local government entities have yet to estimate the total damage to national property. Most areas affected by the typhoon are submerged in flooding, have no electricity or communication facilities, and no passable major roads due to landslides and road blockages.
Close to 16 million people live in the provinces affected by Typhoon Rai. Of them, 3.8 million live below the poverty line.
The Adventist Development and Relief Agency in the Philippines has activated its Emergency Response Team and is currently coordinating with all the Adventist Community Services coordinators of the church missions and conferences affected by Typhoon Rai.
Early reports from the field describe extensive damage inflicted by the typhoon; due to some communication challenges, information is yet to be finalized.
Communication with ADRA teams designated in Mindanao and Visayas are currently non-existent. NGOs and national government agencies face the same setback, trying to get data from the affected areas. ADRA Philippines deployed a team to conduct a rapid assessment of the damage in northeastern Mindanao.


My Weather Indicator adds new weather source World Weather Online
Ubuntu users are located all across the globe, in numerous countries and regions, places bearing specific "details", details differently expressed (if expressed at all) on the internets.
Using a desktop application yet rooted into an online source can sometimes trigger issues in relation to users spread across the world, in the sense of incompleteness when delivering online-content for all the users, consequently, solving/improving/reducing the issue is to be performed by adding extra online sources suitable for a majority of users.
My Weather Indicator is a lightweight fancy full-of-features weather application, that presents the user a handy appindicator from where weather informations (related to a city, location) are to be accessed, both in a minimalistic view (such as degrees exposed on the Unity panel) and via a detailed forecast dialog.
Weeks ago, My Weather Indicator received two new online sources, Yahoo and Wunderground, useful to (separated from the Google source) push into the appindicator weather data.
My Weather Indicator has just been updated to another interesting release, 0.5.1, introducing a new online weather source, World Weather Online, a full-fledged online service covering more than 2 million worldwide cities.
In order to set World Weather Online, navigate to
My Weather Indicator's appindicator-->Preferences-->Weather Services-->check World Weather Online
The latest My Weather Indicator version features 4 weather sources, the user is to utilize the optimal service in situations like searching a specific city and a particular source is not able to locate it, a particular source is not functional, data exposed by a source is not according to one's local paper's data, TV's, etc.
How do we install My Weather Indicator 0.5.1.7?
Add the following official PPA (Precise)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install my-weather-indicator
Launch My Weather Indicator via the Dash by typing
my weather indicator in the search area.
- My Weather Indicator 0.6.0.7 released with improved location map and fixes
- My Weather Indicator updated with new desktop widget
- My Weather Indicator 0.6 released with new fancy desktop widgets
- My Weather Indicator 0.5.90 released with fancy desktop weather widget and numerous fixes
- My Weather Indicator 0.5 released with Yahoo and Wunderground weather sources


21 Nov Two new UW–Madison-led studies inform outlook on scaling of carbon removal technologies
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies that could be critical tools to combat climate change have developed in line with other technologies from the last century. However, according to new studies led by Gregory Nemet, a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, these technologies need to develop faster to meet policy targets aimed at limiting global warming.
As policymakers, researchers and climate activists from around the world prepare to meet for the UN Climate Change Conference beginning on Nov. 30, one lingering question is whether climate technologies are developing and scaling quickly enough to meet the demands of the Paris Agreement.
New research led by Nemet, who is a professor in the La Follette School of Public Affairs, finds that novel CDR methods need to scale at a much faster rate to meet the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal of limiting warming to 2 or 1.5 degrees Celsius. That goal would require removing hundreds of gigatons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere over the course of the century, making the scaling of novel CDR technologies particularly important.
CDR involves capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in a variety of ways. Examples of conventional CDR include reforestation, wetland restoration and improved forest management. All other CDR methods have only been deployed at small scale and are collectively known as novel CDR. Examples include bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air carbon capture and storage, and biochar. These new methods may be able to offer more durable carbon storage than conventional methods that rely on trees and soils.
In one of their recent papers published Oct. 30 in Communications, Earth & Environment, Nemet and his research team debut the Historical Adoption of TeCHnology (HATCH) dataset — an innovative project that tracks and analyzes a variety of agricultural, industrial and consumer technologies adopted over the past century that can provide insight into the scale-up of new technologies such as carbon removal.


Everyone is aware of air pollution, but many homeowners mistakenly think that if they close their windows and doors, they can keep pollutants out of their homes.
In reality, there are a number of things already inside your home that can create poor indoor air quality, and other ways that pollutants can enter your home. In fact, the EPA has found that indoor air contains two to five times the concentration levels of certain pollutants compared to outdoor air.
There are several steps you can take to create healthier indoor air in your house. One of the most effective is air purification services from Home Energy Professionals. We utilize the following products and services to help you breathe healthier in your own home, all year round.
IQAir Perfect 16: Whole Home In Duct Air Purification
A passive air purification system connects to your central HVAC system. As air circulates through your ductwork, it passes through the air purifier, trapping air pollutants and reducing the particulate matter in your breathing air.
The Perfect 16 from IQAir is an air purifier that works completely silently to reduce dust, pollen, fungal growth, bacteria, viruses, and other air pollutants from your home’s air.
Removes 95% of particles 0.3 microns and larger
No electrical components
More than 170 square feet of filter media
Perfect MERV 16 filtration rating
REME Halo Whole Home In-Duct Air Purifier
The REME Halo is an active air purifying system, meaning it doesn’t wait for pollutants to be drawn into your duct system. The Halo produces electrically charged plasma that is distributed throughout your home, seeking out particulates and pollutants and purifying them at the source.
Reduces sneeze germs by 99% in the time a sneeze can reach three feet
Whole home and building purification
Dual ionizers to reduce particulates like dust, dander, pollen, and mold spores
Helping You Find a Solution for Unhealthy Air
Every home is different and will require its own indoor air quality solution. At Home Energy Professionals, we take your entire house into consideration, from your heating and cooling system to your insulation, air sealing, and home performance. Reach out to our team today and learn more about IAQ solutions for your home, from air purification to ventilation and dehumidification.
Improve the air in your family’s home—schedule a call today with our team to discuss the indoor air quality problems you’re facing. Call or contact us to get started.
Breathe healthier air in your home.
Find out if air purification can help.