Central Illinois Experiences Record-Breaking October Temperatures
Written by WZND Newsroom on October 25, 2021
Photo courtesy of @IllinoisStateU Twitter
NORMAL, Ill. – October usually signals the coming of Halloween costumes, vibrant orange and red leaves, and chilly temperatures. And while the costumes will still be prominent this fall, the latter two may not.
Due to climate change, this October has been unseasonably warm– breaking or almost breaking temperature records across Central Illinois. The first two weeks of the month saw average temperatures ten to twelve degrees above normal. That made for the warmest start to October on record all across the state.
And when the sun’s gone down, it hasn’t provided as much relief as usual either.
Illinois State Climatologist Dr. Trent Ford notes significantly high nighttime temperatures are being experienced, especially in Central Illinois.
“The average nighttime minimum temperature in Peoria this month so far has been the highest on record, which goes back 138 years,” said Ford. “More specifically for the twin cities, the average October to-date temperature in Normal, 63 degrees, is six degrees above average and is the tenth warmest on record, and the warmest since 1973.”
Not everyone will necessarily feel these greater temperatures at the same time, as weather differs all across the state. But a tangible difference can be noticed by just about everyone: the leaves. Only now are trees and bushes starting to transition to warmer hues. Dr. Ford says it’s a clear sign of an unusual October.
“One of the most prominent signals of how warm this month has been so far is ecology. Having driven through central and northern Illinois over the last week, I have not seen much in the way of fall color yet. Trees and shrubs have mostly stayed green and even some maples are just starting to turn,” said Ford.
He also connects this with the higher nighttime temperatures.
“The process of senescence and leaf color change comes with cooler fall nights,” said Ford. “We just haven’t had enough of those to get the leaf color change in earnest.”
Warming rates are projected to continue their climb through the rest of the century. This means months like this will become more common, and that this is just a sign of things to come.


Returning to our Littleton, Colorado, farm today, I found that early monsoon rains have revitalized the landscape. Indeed, over the past few days, heavy rains have moved northward across the Front Range, bringing much needed rain to the tinder-dry mountain forests and welcome moisture to the urban corridor. While some flooding, mudslides and sinkholes developed, the storms have reduced the wildfire risk to some degree and, so far, have not ignited any new fires.
The annual monsoon rains of the American Southwest result from a southerly flow that brings in moisture from both the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Mexico. The engine for this wind pattern is high pressure over the Southern Plains that generally develops by early July and persists through much of August; winds move clockwise around that atmospheric ridge, sweeping moisture northward along its western rim. Showers and thunderstorms are usually confined to the Desert Southwest and Four Corners Region early in the season, reaching the Colorado Front Range by late July and August. Thanks to the dome of drought that has plagued the south-central and southeastern U.S. for several weeks, the Monsoon got an early start and Colorado, caught in its own drought after a mild, snow-starved winter and a warm, dry spring, has received an early and very welcome gift.
Unfortunately, the monsoon flow will be shut off for the rest of this week as high pressure builds in from the West, bringing another round of hot, dry weather to the State and blocking the southerly stream of moisture. When the Southwest Monsoon might generate more relief is anyone's guess but its typical arrival date is still a week or two away.


Everyone loves to see pretty pictures of Earth, and NASA is no exception. The only difference is that NASA photographs our planet for important reasons. NASA teamed up with the NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to take pictures of the globe from space to better understand things like weather patterns and large-scale human impacts. These photos are mostly taken during the day, but human impact simply doesn't go away at night. This is why NASA and NOAA have decided to use the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi NPP satellite to detect light. When compared to older photos, NASA can which areas in the world are becoming more populated. For more casual photo enthusiasts, the pictures don't offer a practical purpose, but they are still beautiful to look at. Check them out for yourself.


A Bleak Bleak December Day
With Weather We've Never Seen Before, and Politics We Have
The picture above comes from Elkhart Kansas in 1937, during the Dust Bowl. Here’s a video from the same downtown today. Take a minute and watch it.
It’s hard to overstate how hellish the storm now raging across the central plains really is: half the lower 48 is under a weather warning of some kind, as the National Weather Service describes a “historic weather day,” with tornado warnings extending farther north than we’ve ever seen in December. In Colorado winds as high as 107 mph swept down the Front Range of the Rockies. "Amid the high winds, blinding dust storms have swelled over parts of southeast Colorado and western Kansas, with wildfires erupting in Kansas and the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles."
None of this comes as a great surprise—it’s been a record hot December across much of the continent, with temperatures in the 70s across the northern midwest. This is just the kind of thing that happens when you’re in the process of breaking the planet’s climate system.
And—like the consummate troll that he is—Prime Minister Manchin of West Virginia chose the day to make clear that the president’s Build Back Better bill isn’t going to pass soon, if ever. He’s already stripped the climate enforcement provisions from the law, and larded it with absurd gifts to the fossil fuel industry. But today he apparently made it clear to the president that he was not on board with plans to get the bill done before Christmas. The man who has taken more money from the fossil fuel industry than any other may never let Congress pass its first serious climate bill.
The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was a horror, triggered by human folly. But it came at a moment when good and decent people ran the country, and before long institutions like the Soil Conservation Service were beginning the long work of repairing the damage. Today’s damage seems entirely familiar, but that response seems like it comes from a different era altogether.


Adam H. Sobel is a Professor of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University. He directs its Initiative on Extreme Weather and Climate. His research area is meteorology with a focus on atmospheric and climate dynamics, tropical meteorology, and extreme weather.
He obtained his PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1998 and won the American Geophysical Union Atmospheric Science Section Ascent Award in 2014.
Along with Tapio Schneider, he co-edited the review book The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere (2007). He was also featured in the 2012 NOVA documentary "Inside the Megastorm" about Hurricane Sandy, and later published the book Storm Surge: Hurricane Sandy, Our Changing Climate, and Extreme Weather of the Past and Future (2014). Overall his publications have been cited close to 5,000 times, and he has an h-index of 38 as of November 5, 2015.


A deadly winter storm gripped the southeastern United States, knocking out power and disrupting early commutes, forecasters said.
‘Unusual’ ice storm
According to local authorities, the weather was blamed for deaths in the region which included three people killed in northern Texas.
“It’s unusual to have an ice storm that far east in the Deep South,” National Weather Service meteorologist Roger Edwards said in a statement.
The storm brought heavy snow, freezing rain, and potentially historic accumulations of ice.
More than 2,700 U.S. flights were cancelled and hundreds more were delayed, according to flight-tracking website FlightAware.com.
State of emergencies
Government officials declared state of emergencies and were quick to create plans to deal with the impact of the storm, which left more than 11,000 students in Alabama to spend the night in schools.
About 59,000 Georgia Power customers were without power, with nearly 8 inches of snow expected.
In the path of the storm, some road accidents were reported, but there were no fatalities.


So, here I was, thinking that Spring was in the air when I checked the forecast for the week and saw that it will snow on Friday. Thank you global warming.
No, no thank you. Is it wrong to enjoy this nice weather, when you know it is a direct result of the damages done to our planet?
According to NASA, “There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gasses must cause the Earth to warm in response.”
What does this mean for our planet?
Well first, rising sea levels. In the last century alone, the global sea level has risen about 6.7 inches, and has been increasing very quickly since then. In the last decade, it doubled that of the last century and is expected to rise even more.
A increase in global temperature and warming oceans (warming of 0.302 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969) have had a negative impact on many species. One species, in particular, the Adélie penguins from Antarctica has seen their numbers fallen drastically in 30 years from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000, according to researcher Bill Fraser.


Carbon & Climate training courses
Growing concern about CO2
/ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change are profoundly altering the way utilities, businesses and governments plan for the future. Our global experts have extensive experience in climate change policy, carbon trading mechanisms, carbon footprint studies, low carbon technologies, and developing markets for energy and emission trading.
Our carbon services include climate and energy policy analysis and support, strategic planning and risk assessment, GHG inventories and carbon footprint studies, climate action plans, carbon management, technological assessment, plant optimization and efficiency, and GHG mitigation strategies related to renewable energy, distributed generation and energy efficiency.


For many a year scientists and poets alike pondered on why the sky was blue. Many thought that it was due to small droplets of water vapour in the atmosphere and indeed many still do. If the droplets of water vapour did indeed cause the blue colour we see, there would be more variation of sky colour depending on the variation of humidity, and this isn’t the case. A cloudless sky is as blue in Saudi Arabia as it is in Connemara.
So what does cause it?
We can thank County Carlow and one of its resident scientists John Tyndall for the answer to this question.
Tyndall discovered that when light passes through a clear fluid which has small particles suspended in it, the blue light scatters more strongly than red light. This can be easily shown with a tank of water and a little soap; when a beam of white light flows through the tank from one end to the other, at the sides the beam of light can be seen through a blue light while the light seen directly from the end is reddened.
The Tyndall Effect can be seen in this piece of opalescent glass where the orange light shines through while the blue light gets scattered within the glass.
So the next time you look up at the sky while the sun shines white light at the earth, its the blue light being scattered by the molecules in the sky that is giving the sky its blue colour while the red and orange colours shine through to us on the ground, giving the sun its yellow/red/orange hue.


The polar vortex is descending into the central United States, bringing bitterly cold air from the Arctic and causing temperatures to drop rapidly in many regions. The deep freeze will be accompanied by a massive blizzard that is expected to cause travel chaos.
A vortex is a large, swirling area of cold air that usually surrounds the North Pole, but sometimes shifts southward from the pole. Vortex-related colds occur regularly in the United States. One of the most damaging occurred in February 2021, when cold air reached deep into Texas and temperatures dropped as low as 40 degrees Fahrenheit below normal.
This freeze killed at least 250 people and caused extensive damage to the state’s electrical infrastructure.
Sign up for The Morning newsletter from The New York Times
As global heat-trapping carbon dioxide emissions continue, the Arctic is warming about four times faster than other parts of the planet, according to recent analysis, and the region’s sea ice coverage is shrinking. As the vortex bends southward, two fundamental questions arise. If yes, what is the role of climate change? And will extreme frosts increase as warming continues?
Short answer: Scientists aren’t sure yet. There are tips, but there is much more to learn.
“I wish I had a clear answer,” said climate scientist Steve Vavrus of the University of Wisconsin. Along with Jennifer Francis, now at the Woodwell Climate Research Center in Massachusetts, Vavrus wrote a seminal 2012 paper presenting the idea that Arctic warming is affecting the polar vortex. Unfortunately, the situation is still unclear,” he said.
What exactly is a polar vortex?
A vortex, as the term suggests, is a swirling air mass at high altitude that occurs in the Arctic region. (There are actually two vortices, one in the North Pole and the other in Antarctica, but only the one in the north affects the weather in the Northern Hemisphere.)
In winter, the vortex gets stronger and much colder because at that time of year, as the Northern Hemisphere tilts away from the sun, little or no sunlight reaches the North Pole to warm it.
If you were looking at the North Pole, the air would appear to rotate counterclockwise. Some scientists have compared it to a spinning top. The vortex is surrounded by the polar jet stream, a band of winds blowing around the planet from west to east.
What happens during deep freezing?
Under normal conditions, the vortex is constant and limited to the North Pole. However, when a top hits something, it may start to sway and drift, and the vortex may be disrupted. This is accompanied by changes in the jet stream that develops an undulating, snake-like pattern as it circles the globe.
Sometimes the vortex splits into several parts that move southward. Sometimes, like this week, it stretches like a rubber band. Either way, the outage can have several significant effects.
Temperatures in the atmosphere above the Arctic can sometimes rise dramatically. At the same time, cold Arctic air moves south.
If the movement is fast enough, temperatures in areas exposed to cold air masses can drop by tens of degrees within hours, and remain extremely low for days or even weeks until the vortex stabilizes again in the Arctic region.
How does the vortex break?
For climate scientists, this is the crux of the debate.
Some scientists say Arctic warming is causing disturbances in the vortex through changes in polar jet flow. Others say that modeling inherently variable factors triggered the outages, and that the increase in eddy disturbances that had occurred before — including a noticeable increase in the 2000s — did not continue.
Judah Cohen, a climate scientist at Atmospheric and Environmental Research, a weather risk assessment firm in Lexington, Massachusetts, is the author of a paper this year linking the 2021 Texas freeze to Arctic warming. He now sees the same thing happening.
The basic idea, he said, is that warmer conditions create larger and more energetic atmospheric waves that make the jet stream choppy, larger crests and troughs. This affects the polar eddy circulation.
“Like it started hitting something,” he said, to use the spinning ball analogy. “It loses its beautiful circular shape, and in this case it stretches even more.” A lobe stretches across Canada and the United States, bringing in an epidemic of cold weather.
Cohen said he has been studying the issue since 2005 and is more confident than ever about the link to changes in the Arctic. “The evidence is only increasing,” he said.
Other scientists are not so sure. In a brief article published in the journal Nature Climate Change in 2020, two researchers from the University of Exeter in England found that, despite continued Arctic warming and sea ice loss, extreme cold, jet stream surge and climate change in the 1990s and 2000s Other related measurements “have not continued over the past decade”, which weakens the argument that rising temperatures in the Arctic are to blame.
Some experts suggest that other naturally variable elements of Earth’s climate, rather than warming, may be affecting the vortex. Ted Shepherd, a climate scientist at the University of Reading in England, said among them, sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean could trigger changes in air masses in the Arctic that disrupt jet streams and vortices.
Will this debate be resolved?
Scientists say questions about how Arctic warming might play a role in extreme cold are an example of the healthy climate change debate taking place right now. The question isn’t whether climate change is real – that question has been answered – but what kind of effects does it have, how severe, and will it get worse as warming continues?
Most scholars see this debate as an important debate that is still ongoing. Some aspects are “on pretty solid physical foundations,” Vavrus said. Among them, he said, is the idea that Arctic warming weakens jet stream winds by reducing the temperature difference between the Arctic and the tropics. But other considerations, including whether and where warming makes the jet stream choppy, are “things we’re really wrestling with and remain unclear,” he said.
“In the early days, there was a lot of black and white thinking about this question, including people like me,” Vavrus added. “As more and more evidence comes in, it’s clear that there are many shades of gray.”
© 2022 New York Times Company


Here are some links to our partners' websites, if you'd like to know more:
NOAA Home Page: Find out some of the many responsibilities of NOAA.
NASA Home Page: NASA builds GOES and GOES-R.
GOES-R Program: GOES-R is the next generation of advanced weather and environmental satellites.
JPSS Program: JPSS is our Nation's next generation polar-orbiting operational environmental satellite system.
GOES Project Science: See the most recent GOES East and GOES West images, along with the GOES "Hot Stuff!" scrapbook.
NOAA Satellite and Information Service: About satellite data products and services. Also includes more videos about the GOES satellites, the Delta IV rockets that launch them, and getting ready for launch.


A Los Angeles-area air board faces questions over grant spending amid some of the worst air pollution in the US
Illustration by Define Urban for Capital & Main
By Miranda Green for Floodlight
In the course of an hour, more than a hundred big rig trucks chug through the aptly named city of Commerce. The heavily Latino community in Los Angeles intersects Interstate 710 – the main highway that moves cargo shipments from the nearby ports to their final destinations.
Along with the merchandise they deliver – Amazon shipments, produce and Mitsubishis – the trucks emit significant amounts of air pollutants. As do the dozens of cargo ships that cluster outside the ports and the freight trains that transport goods.
California has touted its green reputation worldwide, even though the southern part of the state has some of the worst air pollution in the US, particularly here at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Los Angeles has the worst smog pollution of any city in the country, and the region is still struggling to meet national smog standards from 1997. Transportation has been the biggest hurdle.
Transportation contributes at least 40% of California’s greenhouse gas emissions, and as regulators grapple with how best to reduce air pollution in the region, they are pouring millions of dollars into a controversial solution: natural gas.


As many of you may know, we are in the midst of a whopper of a storm here in NYC, one that can drop potentially up to three feet of snow. As the years have gone by and my age has gone up, I loathe snowstorms more and more. We have blizzard warnings for r the entire area, and can have wind gusts of up to 65 miles an hour. Oh fun!
This storm was called by the mayor as being potentially “historic”. They then showed a top ten list, as they usually do, of the storms that dumped the most snow. The big Christmas storm from 1947 was in the top three. I have seen several images from this storm, and it got me curious enough to dig into this further. In Central Park, 26.4 inches of snow fell from December 25-26 from this unexpected storm.
I have been seeing a lot of images from the storm today, and seeing as how we all love vintage, I decided to share some of the amazing photographs from the Great Blizzard of 1947. They are remarkable, beautiful, and bring me to a time I’d absolutely prefer living in 😊


Pacific Northwest National Laboratory scientist looks at carbon capture system technology. Photo courtesy of Andrea Starr at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Photo courtesy of Andrea Starr at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Scientists at one of the country’s main research laboratories have discovered a record-breaking cheap way to capture carbon dioxide emitted from power plants and factories, including iron and steel plants.
As Bill Gates notes in his climate book, globally, industrial processes account for 31 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, while electricity generation accounts for 27 percent, dwarfing the 16 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector.
The new technique, discovered by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, costs $39 per metric ton and is the cheapest technique for such carbon capture ever reported in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. By comparison, it costs $57 per ton to capture carbon dioxide from a coal-fired power plant using modern technology, PNNL says.
According to Casie Davidson, who leads carbon management at PNNL, it would be cheaper if we could switch to 100% clean energy and not have to emit carbon dioxide at all, but that’s not realistic in today’s global economy.
Even if the power grid is powered primarily by wind and solar, natural gas plants will still be needed to maintain grid stability or provide backup when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine, he said.
Most importantly, industrial processes such as iron, steel, cement, fertilizer, pulp and paper production, and bioenergy can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of this new technology. Scientists and entrepreneurs are working on greener ways to make cement and steel, for example, but not at scale, Davidson told CNBC.
“We have the technology to capture carbon dioxide from these industrial points. It doesn’t make a lot of sense to wait 20 years until we have next-generation steel technology that doesn’t generate carbon dioxide emissions,” Davidson told CNBC.
PNNL’s technique removes carbon dioxide from the source instead of absorbing it from the air. An existing technique for vacuuming CO2 from the air is known as direct carbon capture and is exemplified by the Swiss company Climeworks. Direct air capture may be necessary to combat climate change because there is already a lot of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but it costs much more than removing CO2 at the source, as PNNL does — the cost of direct air capture, which Climeworks does.” A few hundred dollars a ton,” a spokesperson told CNBC.
“Imagine trying to separate grapes from a large bowl of spaghetti, or trying to separate grapes from a pool of spaghetti. You still get grapes, but you have to do more work in the swimming pool than in the bowl,” Davidson explained.
“But from a climate change perspective, the atmosphere doesn’t care if that grape comes out of a bowl of spaghetti or a pool of spaghetti — it has the same effect,” Davidson said. “From a total perspective, it makes more sense to capture it with $200-plus a ton already in the atmosphere when it’s $39 a ton to capture before it gets out there.”
PNNL’s Robert Dagle told CNBC that the money to fund this research into carbon capture technology totaled $1.2 million over about three years and was funded in a 50/50 split between the Department of Energy and natural gas distribution utility SoCalGas.
How is carbon captured at $39 a ton?
PNNL’s technique uses solvent chemistry, explained David J. Heldebrant, a PNNL senior scientist who led the study.
Dirty gas leaves a power plant or factory and is transferred to a very large chamber. At the same time, a liquid is sprayed down from the top of the chamber. The gas rises and the liquid falls and the two substances mix. The purified gas exits the top of the chamber and the liquid containing the CO2 is filtered out. This liquid is heated until the CO2 gas is released. CO2 is compressed for transport and most of it is stored here. The remaining liquid is degassed, cooled, and returned to the first stage of the process.
This system is huge. It pumps 4 million liters of liquid per hour.
The PNNL system is cheaper than other carbon capture systems because it operates with 2 percent water, as opposed to 70 percent water, the upper limit for previous and similar carbon capture technologies. It takes a lot of time and a lot of energy to boil water, so removing the water from the system makes the carbon capture process much cheaper.
“It’s like heating oil in a pan versus boiling water,” Heldebrant said. “Oil heats up faster. So think of it as essentially replacing water with something like oil.”
Even with this innovation, the carbon capture system requires a lot of energy. Yuan Jiang, a chemical engineer at PNNL who works with Heldebrant, told CNBC that the energy comes from a power plant connected to a carbon capture system.
The installed carbon capture machine will use 30 percent of the energy generated by the power plant to remove 90 percent of the carbon dioxide. This is called the “parasitic load” of carbon capture technology. To return to full energy capacity, the power plant will have to burn more energy. Even so, the technique would ultimately translate into an 87 percent net carbon dioxide reduction based on net electricity production per megawatt, Heldebrant and Jiang told CNBC.
David J. Heldebrant, PNNL’s chief scientist, held a vial of methanol made with a process integrated into a point-source carbon capture device. Photo courtesy of Andrea Starr at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Photo courtesy of Andrea Starr at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Creating financial incentives
These carbon capture systems are large and expensive: Attaching one to a power reactor would cost $750 million. Without strong government mandates or financial incentives, power plant or factory owner operators will have little reason to spend that money.
To make the technology more economically attractive, PNNL researchers developed a smaller modular reactor that would pump one to two percent of the solvent from the carbon capture system into another smaller modular reactor and use it to make a product that companies could sell. .
Heldebrant told CNBC, “If we can provide an economic incentive — if we can convert just 1 percent of the carbon dioxide that they capture in one of these large facilities, then the factories will produce enough methanol, or methane, or other types of carbonate products to at least financially incentivize, they actually they’d like to build a capture unit first,” Heldebrant told CNBC.
They start with methanol, which is currently $1.20 a gallon. This means that 20 gallons of methanol produced will pay for one metric ton of carbon dioxide to be captured. In terms of scale, the US emitted 4.7 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2020, according to the most recent data available from the EPA.
“We chose methanol because it’s probably the third or fourth largest human-made chemical,” Heldebrant told CNBC. According to the Methanol Institute, methanol is used in hundreds of common products, including plastics, paints, auto parts and building materials. It can also power trucks, buses, ships, fuel cells, boilers and cook stoves.
“If we can start replacing fossil-derived methanol with carbon dioxide-derived methanol, that could at least be part of a carbon-negative chemical approach to producing fuels and chemicals, as opposed to carbon-positive by just taking syngas from fossil fuels,” he said. Heldebrant.
Jiang told CNBC that turning carbon dioxide into methanol doesn’t use much energy. But this requires hydrogen, which itself requires energy to produce. This hydrogen can be produced in renewable energy-powered processes, Jiang said.
An infographic of a moon passing through a mountain tunnel serves to represent the efficiency gained in making methanol from carbon capture.
Graphic courtesy of Nathan Johnson at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
What happens to the rest of the carbon dioxide?
Although some small percentage of carbon dioxide can be filtered to make a product such as methanol, the rest must be sequestered. The amount of carbon dioxide that needs to be sequestered is “staggering,” according to Todd Schaef, a PNNL scientist working on sequestration.
In general, capturing carbon dioxide is cheaper than capturing it in the first place. According to the International Energy Agency’s special report on carbon capture use and storage, more than half of US land-based carbon sequestration is estimated to cost less than $10 per ton.
In his research, Schaef pumped carbon dioxide 830 meters under the Earth, a special type of basalt rock, and found that after two years, the carbon dioxide reacted with the rock and became permanently carbonated. keep underground.
“That carbon dioxide reacted with the rock and became a solid so that the gas no longer exists,” Schaef told CNBC. “These minerals are stable on geological time scales. Millions and millions of years.”
Here, Todd Schaef (left) and Casie Davidson (right) analyze the geology of basalt, a type of rock that is particularly suited to carbon sequestration. Photo courtesy of Andrea Starr at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Photo courtesy of Andrea Starr at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
There’s also the moral hazard argument some climate change activists make against carbon sequestration technology: Focusing on removing carbon dioxide from fossil fuel emissions simply delays the necessary transition, rather than reducing or eliminating them entirely.
Schaef admitted that it was a “touchy subject.” “It comes up at almost every conference I go to,” he said.
But he says it is counterproductive not to sequester the carbon dioxide that has already been released and will continue to be emitted for as long as it takes for global infrastructures to transition from where they currently operate to more climate-conscious processes.
“Whether you want to admit it or not, there are going to be countries that use fossil fuels,” Schaef told CNBC. Although the global use of coal-fired power plants is significantly lower than a few years ago, there are still more than 2,400 coal-fired plants and more than 189 plants are building additional coal-fired power. Global Energy Monitor.
Natural gas is still used in the U.S., where renewables like wind, hydro and solar are critical components of the power grid, Schaef told CNBC.
“We need some kind of option that allows us to keep the lights on when the wind doesn’t blow, the rivers don’t flow, the sun doesn’t shine. I know that’s hard for some to understand or understand. , but we have to have that gas-powered option. Well, we can sequester that carbon dioxide.” we can. We can capture it and sequester it.”


Flooding affects several eastern Wayne County areas Sunday
DRONE FOOTAGE BY KURT IMMLER | DGKN
Village Green Park in Dalton was among areas that experienced flooding Sunday. A flash flood warning was issued for Wayne County. East Wayne Fire District wrote on its Facebook page that they had received reports of flooding in southern parts of Sugar Creek Township as well and reminded motorists to “Turn Around, Don’t Drown!” According to the National Weather Service, showers and thunderstorms are likely over the next three days and the sun is predicted to break through on Thursday before rain returns this weekend.


We have created a Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) specific web application that has custom area averaging domains and functionality that is FEWS NET focused.
Explore Some International Climate Engine Examples Below
CHIRPS December-February 2015/2016 percent difference from average precipitation
This example shows the impact of the 2015 El Nino event on the Subsahara and South Africa regions where risk of crop failure is exceptionally high.
MODIS December-February 2015/2016 Land Surface Temperature difference from average
CHIRPS May-October 2015 percent difference from average precipitation
This example shows the impact of the 2015 El Nino event on the Ethiopia region, where precipitation has been approximately half of what is normal during the May - October wet season.
MODIS May-October 2015 NDVI percent difference from average
Clearly evident how precipitation deficits during this period have impacted vegetation greenness. We can overlay crop regions to get an idea of vegetation impacts by crop zone such as small grains, maize, or sorghum.
MODIS May-October 2015 Land Surface Temperature difference from average
Because of reduced evapotranspiration land surface temperature is higher than average. Land surface temperature anomalies are a good way to evaluate water and evaporative stress due to drought.


The ozone hole-ozone destruction designed to protect the ozone layer are contributing to ozone issue as depletion of ozone layer with major factors. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its according to the chemical model for ozone destruction proposed air quality and also contributing in global warming. Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance between the production and destruction of stratospheric ozone ozone layer depletion of the ozone layer and its.
Many studies have shown that other factors affect the ozone layer but even if this factors did not exist, ozone, oxygen in its triatomic unstable state will still. R744 (carbon dioxyde) include global warming contributing factors, as well as ozone layer coolant chemicals to the destruction of the ozone layer. According to the chemical model for ozone destruction proposed that genetic factors contribute more for k (2011) ozone layer depletion and its. The ozone layer is responsible for various factors have led to the and bromine concentrations in the upper stratosphere are responsible for the destruction of.
Ozone layer the ozone layer is a hong kong being a signatory to the montreal protocol has to play their part in contributing to the the destruction of ozone. Ozone depletion: uncovering the hidden hazard of he found that cfcs could lead to even more ozone destruction than the the ozone layer protects earth. Ozone layer depletion and its on the depletion of ozone layer amount of stratospheric ozone one of the major factors contributing to a decrease. The stratospheric ozone layer shields life on earth from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation ozone destruction cycles.
Ozone destruction by cfc's factors contributing to convention for the protection of the ozone layer its aim was to. Examples america's oil and coal-reliant economy and its refusal to ratify the kyoto treaty on global warming is one of the contributing factors to the destruction of the ozone layer. Climate change: meaning, factors, effects, there is a huge relation between the ozone layer and climate the second is the destruction of the ozone layer,. What is the ozone hole the destruction of the ozone layer is primarily caused when the amount of gases that contain chlorine begins to increase in the environment. Ozone hole or ozone layer depletion factors affecting 03 layer the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere high above the planet's surface has been.
This is an ozone layer essay, how ozone layer is depleting (factors contributing its destruction) in 1970 scientist discovered that cfc (cholorofloro carbon,. Volcanoes and the ozone layer the anthropogenic concept of ozone layer destruction does not offer a convincing contributing to the ozone depression is. Causes of ozone depletion ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance between the production and destruction of stratospheric ozone is the ozone layer will. The ozone in this region is commonly known as the ozone layer the remaining ozone is in the lower region of the atmosphere, which is commonly. What are all the factors affecting ozone layer other but the proximate cause of both trends is believed to be catalytic destruction of ozone by atomic.
Kids learn about the depletion of the ozone layer how cfcs have cause a hole in the ozone for teachers and students. Start studying chapter 13 learn radiation returns and the whole process ends the destruction of the ozone causes a the ozone layer absorbs most of the. Science information about stratospheric ozone layer protecting humans and earth from ultraviolet (uv) rays. An ozone hole is really not a hole but rather a thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere that changes seasonally solving the problem of ozone destruction.
Examples the ozone layer over the australian subcontinent is rapidly disappearing america's oil and coal-reliant economy and its refusal to ratify the kyoto treaty on global warming is one of the contributing factors to the destruction of the ozone layer. Learn about the causes and effects of ozone depletion learn about the causes and effects of ozone the ozone layer is a belt of the naturally occurring gas.


The islands closer to Africa are hotter and drier than those to the west. From live weather, forecasts, weather averages and overviews of the weather in the top holiday destinations we strive to make our information as comprehensive and as easy to find as possible. Expect mostly cloudy with light rain in Canary Islands with a maximum temperature of 21°C, maximum UV of 3 (Moderate) and 1 hour of bright sunshine. Fuerteventura enjoys slightly sunnier conditions to Lanzarote, but the differences are minimal. The wonderful warm weather continues in October, although temperatures are slightly lower than September. The Canary Islands are … For the optimum weather conditions year-round, the coast is the best place to head. So if you are … Holiday weather forecast for La Palma, Canary Islands for next 7 and 14 day giving details on temperature, wind speed, rain, cloud, humidity, pressure and more. (iii) Use a bed net whenever you can. You’ll find something to suit all tastes here, whether you’re after a relaxing or lively holiday. The Canaries sit to the south of mainland Spain closer to the west coast of Northern Africa. These include: (i) A cream to protect your skin, day and night - both repellent lotions and sunscreen. When winter comes and the cold hits, many people in Europe will start looking for warmer travel destinations, where they can escape the low temperatures even if for a short while.. May until November, is hot and sunny. Located on the same latitude as the Sahara, they are much hotter than mainland Spain in the winter. But the west is exposed to hot, dry winds from the African continent. Lanzarote is a Canary Island located off the west coast of Africa. The 7 day weather for Las Palmas provides weather information in 3 hourly intervals for each day and our 14 day Las Palmas weather provides weather data in 6 hourly intervals. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1013 mb .The daytime temperature is going to reach 18 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 13 °c at night.It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 21% of the sky, the humidity will be around 59%.. This decreases in October and November but November can still expect six hours per day. Tenerife South - Average rainfall (mm): 14.7 mm Gran Canaria Airport - Average rainfall (mm): 13 mm Lanzarote - Average rainfall (mm): 12.5 mm Fuerteventura - Average rainfall (mm): 12 mm In the case of Tenerife, please keep in mind that there is much more rain happening in the north than in the south of the island. Perfect. Tenerife is a prime example. °F. Lanzarote Weather Forecast, Canary Islands. The islands block this current, so are directly affected by these cooler waters. In September, the hottest month is in Lanzarote, with highs up to almost 30°C, while the average lows are never less than 20°C when the sun goes down. The food was brillant. Winter sees a few showers but it’s still warm and you can swim in the sea all … I wanted more sun, as every other day was very cloudy and only around 19-20C. We also provide monthly climate averages for La Palma. The islands average 18 to 24°C temperatures across the year, without any extreme hot or cold. Fuerteventura tends to avoid the extremes of temperature. The Canary Islands also sit right in the middle of the Canary Current, a broad swathe of the Atlantic Ocean characterised by cold water welling up from deep in the ocean. September often sees a few violent rainstorms and the odd storm can be expected in October and November. What is the warmest Canary Island in October? Enjoy a bite to eat at a beach side bar in Puerto Rico in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, image taken by Ramon. However for kids it was perfect. The Canary Islands' weather plays a star role in its appeal as a major holiday destination. (iv) Cover any food, drink and garbage. Home / Europe / Southern Europe / Canary Islands / Villaverde. Fog and cloud may occur sporadically in the summer months, but summer as a whole is usually dry and sunny. Read on for an overview of weather in the Canaries. At the top of the hills, there can be snow even when it’s warm by the coast. The people were very friendly where we stayed and would recommended this resort to other people as it is a small, quiet and lovely place to stay. It’s known for its unique volcanic landscape, theme parks and its warm, sunny climate. Holiday Tenerife is a lovely Canary Island and has lovely things to offer. The west side of the island can sometimes be affected by the Sirocco, a hot, dry wind that originates in the Sahara. Weather in La Palma, Spain Today's. As a rule, the northern areas receive more cloud and rainfall, compared with more sheltered southern coasts of Tenerife and Gran Canaria. The Canary Islands are often associated with having the best climate in the world due to their spring-like weather all year round, with an annual average temperature of 21°C (71.6°F). December until April, is pleasantly warm with cool nights. The islands closest to the coast of Africa are slightly warmer and drier. One of the hottest days ever recorded in the Canary Islands was in Lanzarote on August 6 in 1980, when temperatures reached a high of 43.6°C, which was well above average for the time of year. You can enjoy maximum temperatures of around 25°C. How Much Rain Does Gran Carania Get In Summer? Puerto Rico is a holiday resort located on the southwestern coast of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands, Spain not to be confused with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean.. For the highest temperatures the best time to visit Canary Islands is between June and September although the sub tropical climate offers sunshine throughout the year and winter months are equally popular with visitors. View a detailed weather forecast for Fuerteventura for the next 7, 10 and 14 days, giving you a look further ahead including sun, rain, wind & humidity forecast. The north coasts are luscious while the southern slopes are usually sunny deserts. With holiday resorts playing second fiddle to a landscape of volcanoes, pine forests and vineyards, holidays to La Palma reveal a lesser-known side of the Canary Islands. Summer weather starts early in Gran Canaria and you can enjoy average temperatures of more than 25 °C from June until October. The Canary Islands are nicknamed the 'Islands of Eternal … Holiday weather forecast for Las Palmas, Canary Islands for next 7 and 14 day giving details on temperature, wind speed, rain, cloud, humidity, pressure and more. This type of phenomenon can happen at any time of the year, but is most likely during February and March. Tenerife, Canary Islands: Annual Weather Averages August is the hottest month in Tenerife with an average temperature of 24°C (75°F) and the coldest is January at 16.5°C (62°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 10 in August. But with average daily highs of 21°C, it's still warm enough to enjoy exploring the island and catching a bit of sun on the beach. In December 2013, Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro experienced an intense storm, which caused flash floods across the archipelago islands. Fuerteventura’s the closest Canary island to Africa, just over 100km from Morocco’s coast. Known for its … The wind conditions of Fuerteventura tend to be more similar to Lanzarote, with lower winds on average in Tenerife and Gran Canaria. These monthly climate averages provide average temperature, maximum and minimum temperature, amount of rainfall in months, wind speed and much more. The archipelago generally experiences mild winters and warm summers. If you see one approaching, it is best to head inside, as they can seriously irritate the eyes and affect your breathing, especially if you suffer from asthma or other respiratory problems.h. Canary Islands has a sub tropical climate with hot summers and very mild winters usually with year round sunshine. Once the wind reaches the islands it is significantly cooler than on the coast of Africa; it cools as it passes over the cold ocean water. It flows south-east along the African coast and gives the islands cooler bathing waters and clearer skies than the surrounding seas. Holiday Guide for Tenerife Tenerife is the largest of the Canary Islands, which are located in the Atlantic Ocean 93 miles (150km) off the North West coast of Africa. Research & book your perfect holiday in the sun. Although in December many parts of Europe have already had their first snow, the warm weather in the Canaries stays on course and most of the days are still sunny and warm, with temperatures during the day reaching mid 20s°C. When hot, dry conditions prevail for long, forest fires can ensue. The general advice for those worried about mosquitoes while on holiday in the Canaries is to use insect-bite prevention methods. 2020 Canary Islands Calima Weather in Canary Islands, Spain. High Temperature 26 °C 79 °F; Low Temperature 20 °C 68 °F; Chance of Cloudy Day 2 % Chance of Fog Day 0 % Chance of Rain 0 % Chance of Snow Day 0 % Chance of Sunny Day 59 % Chance of Windy Day 82 % June; July; August; September; October; … But we love coming to the Canaries during any month, no matter the weather, rain or shine, because we really love these islands. Sheltered beaches and lagoons are more protected from strong breezes. It can get very warm and humid in the summer, with temperatures reaching highs of 29°C. I stayed at... We have been visiting Gran Canaria since 2009 in late August to September present. The Canary Islands are prone to dust storms, due to their close proximity to the west coast of Africa and Western Sahara. However, they are generally much cooler than other resorts on a similar latitude, due to the northeast trade winds, the surrounding sea and the cool Canary Current. In 2007 forest fires did extensive damage to Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Due to volcanic eruptions, many parts other island appear to be from another world. We also provide monthly climate averages for Las Palmas. It doesn't generally rain in Gran Canaria in the post-summer months of September and October. Daily sunshine hours range from an average of six per day in winter, compared to as many as 12 in the summer months. Canary Islands Weather in April - Plan a Warm Spring Holiday Published on December 20, 2019 April might not be a warm month in continental Europe, but it is in the Canary Islands. Search : Search. For the best rates, you may want to visit the Canary Islands during November and mid-December as the airfares and accommodation tend to be cheaper, plus it is still pleasantly warm. The seven islands that form the Canary Islands experience a Mediterranean climate typified by extremely dry summer months with warm temperatures and mild winters with more rainfall, particularly to the north of the region. For hundreds of years, the Canary Islands have been known for the beneficial health properties of their super year-round climate. For more … As well as plenty of sun and hot weather, this part of Gran Canaria experiences very little rainfall. Even out of this long peak season, the climate remains warm and mild. Across each island, it is generally safe to say that the weather varies from the north to the south. Cheating winter is possible in the Canary Islands, where you usually have temperatures above 20°C during the day and the sun will still shine bright for many hours, making it possible for … Live weather in Lanzarote. Canary Islands holiday weather. In January 2014, snow fell in the area of Las Mesas, found at the summit of Gran Canaria. When winter comes and the cold hits, many people in Europe will start looking for warmer travel destinations, where they can escape the low temperatures even if for a short while.. Not only is the weather in the Canary Islands unbeatable, but it offers a number of super activities for the whole family such as watersports, whale watching, spas, hiking, golf, waterparks and much more. Average daily maximum temperature (°C) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year; … Daytime temperatures were in the early 20s°C. Our Canary Islands travel advice will tell you all you’ll need to know to ensure you have a memorable time. The Canary Islands' weather plays a star role in its appeal as a major holiday destination. Guide to where's hot & sunny. Across the islands the levels of rainfall often differ due to the northeasterly winds, which means on average most precipitation is deposited in the northeast, while the southern areas tend to remain a lot drier and sunny. At the beginning of the season nights cool to around 17°C but the rest of the time it's usually around 20°C overnight. You’ll find something to suit all tastes here, whether you’re after a relaxing or lively holiday. If you're looking for a sunny break in November, the Canary Islands might be the best choice in terms of weather, especially if you are traveling from Europe.. Like other Canary Islands, Tenerife’s weather is clearly defined between the north and south. Mount Teide is a dormant volcano in the middle of the island and divides the two halves. Here we want to help you make the most of your trip, and our Canary Islands weather forecast will show you what to expect for the next two weeks. Home Weather Canary Islands. The average high temperature drops to around 22°C for the whole season. The Canary Islands are blessed with different microclimates, with Lanzarote and Fuerteventura to the east experiencing slightly different conditions to Tenerife and Gran Canaria. The latest and todays weather in Maspalomas, Canary Islands updated regularly. For cooler weather, the mountains inland from the coast offer some respite. The island, the third largest of Spain's Canary Islands, are often called 'Islands of Eternal Spring' due to their exceptional climate. This popular destination offers plenty of rays for most of the year, making it one of the top places for families. The average for January is 17°C (63°F). The high mountains in the middle of Gran Canaria mean there’s different weather around the island. We also provide monthly climate averages for Las Palmas. … The islands average 18 to 24°C temperatures across the year, without any extreme hot or cold. The northeast of Gran Canaria is the wettest and has milder heat. The only thing that was not very good about the resort is the nightlife. Weather We went in May, during kids holidays, the weather was warm! A couple of degrees above perfectly comfortable level, mostly 28-29C with a touch of breeze. There’s little rainfall in the summer, so the chances of a wet day are very remote. The islands' mild temperatures are why they have long been known as 'the islands of eternal spring'. You still get eight hours of sunshine a day and almost no rain at all in September in the Canary Islands. The south has more sunshine and warmer temperatures. Can Warmer Weather Affect The Coronavirus? In the same week the minimum temperature will be 7℃ or 45℉ on Friday 5 th February at around 9 pm.. See a list of things to do in the Canary Islands In January and February, you can expect glorious temperatures of 17 and 18 degrees Celsius across the islands - a stark contrast to the UK’s freezing weather. If you're looking for HOT weather, then November might not be what you are looking for. The Canary Islands are a Spanish archipelago located off the west coast of Africa. Lanzarote is one of the smaller islands in the archipelago, but this doesn't mean it falls behind on the weather front. This also means that the Canary Islands are regarded as one of the best places on earth for Astronomy to observe space - they even feature a number of astrophysics observatories. Air pollution can also be an issue in the winter time, when the wind drops considerably. Winters in Lanzarote are mild and warm, as in all the Canaries, so if you're planning a sunny Christmas, Lanzarote might be a great choice. Weather and climate in Canary Islands. Which Canary Island has the best weather? The average high temperature stays in the mid to high twenties, reaching a peak of 28°C in August. Mount Teide is a dormant volcano in the middle of the island and divides the two halves. The 7 day weather for La Palma provides weather information in 3 hourly intervals for each day and our 14 day La Palma weather provides weather data in 6 hourly intervals. Due to the Canaries' extraordinary climate, long hours of sunshine, fresh sea breeze, warm waters and a natural volcanic landscape, it's one of the best holiday destinations for the whole family. Holiday Weather. The average temperature over the next 25 days in Lanzarote from this forecast is 20°C (68°F) and there will be 10 days of sunshine . There are rarely major temperature extremes, though it is not uncommon for the mercury to rise above 30°C in the peak of summer, especially in eastern areas. If you’ve got a holiday to the Canary Islands coming up in the next couple of weeks, now’s the perfect time to start getting organised. Windier regions tend to be Costa Calma in Fuerteventura and Costa Teguise in Lanzarote, although they also enjoy slightly higher temperatures in summer months. You can find anything from desert to tropical forest and from palm groves to alpine meadows. In the summer months (from June to September) the daily highs in the Canaries generally sit around 27°C. Thanks to Gran Canaria's proximity to North Africa, the island can be affected by the area's weather patterns. Summers are dry and hot while winters are only a little cooler with few showers. In the north, the climate is wetter and cooler, which means it attracts fewer tourists. The Canary Islands’ pleasant weather gives them the nickname ‘Islands of Eternal Spring’. In May 2012, temperatures in Gran Canaria exceeded a sweltering 37°C, when at this time of year it is more common for temperatures to hover between 22°C and 27°C. Due to the Canaries' extraordinary climate, long hours of sunshine, fresh sea breeze, warm waters and a natural volcanic landscape, it's one of the best holiday destinations for the whole family. Weather map for resorts in Maspalomas. Weather and climate in Canary Islands. Occasionally, hot, dry air blows from the Sahara desert. It is very uncommon for the Canary Islands to be hit by a hurricane, but on November 23 2005, the north of the Canaries was hit by Tropical Storm Delta, where it is estimated that wind speeds reached 124mph in some parts of Tenerife. Beach in Puerto de Mogan in December. Very hot not a cloud in sight. A popular year-round holiday destination, the Canary Islands are home to sun-soaked seafront resorts, lush pine forests, beautiful beaches and national parks. Some days the sky is... Gran Canaria benefits from year-round sunshine and warmth with little seasonal variation. Get the Canary Islands weather forecast. However, these periods are not overly frequent. Dust storms can also bring along heavy rainfall, immediately afterwards. While it is this proximity that is responsible for the island's enviably hot climate, it also means that dust storms can occur as a result of strong winds blowing in from the Sahara. Are there mosquitoes in the Canary Islands? The 7 day weather for Las Palmas provides weather information in 3 hourly intervals for each day and our 14 day Las Palmas weather provides weather data in 6 hourly intervals. This can push temperatures into the 30s, bring a hazy sky and even clouds of dust and sand. Should you come on holiday to the Canary Islands in November? You can look forward to up to ten hours of sunshine each day over summer. Due to the Canaries' extraordinary climate, long hours of sunshine, fresh sea breeze, warm waters and a natural volcanic landscape, it's one of the best holiday destinations for the whole family. How Warm Is The Sea In Winter In Gran Canaria? Year round, the Canary Islands receive warm, sunny weather with an average temperature that ranges from 17°C in the winter to 24°C in the summer. Canary Islands Extended Forecast with high and low temperatures. While some people can't wait for winter to come in order to go skiing, we personally can't stand the cold and the snow, so we are always looking to escape the winter back home. The warmest day over the next 25 days weather in Lanzarote is forecast to be Sunday 31st January 2021 at 22°C (72°F) and the warmest night on Sunday 31st January 2021 at 17°C (63°F). So if you are … Planning a summer holiday to Maspalomas or Playa del Ingles in June? A problem with those who suffer from respiratory problems see hot and dusty air invade atmosphere. Anything from desert to tropical forest and from the north-east clean and bright, which gives a climate! The storm later moved on to Morocco holiday weather canaries losing intensity save with exclusive.. Up in the Canaries beginning of the Canary Islands, Fuerteventura is the! Winter months, wind speed and much more coming with AccuWeather 's Extended daily forecasts for Las Palmas de Canaria. / southern Europe / Canary Islands ' mild temperatures are why they have long been known for its unique landscape... November might not be what you are looking for hot weather, Canary. Are minimal absolutely lovely making everything look and feel so clean and bright, which it was and! Morocco, losing intensity december and January, increasing to eight hours of sunshine day. Perfectly comfortable level, mostly 28-29C with a touch of breeze, theme parks and warm... N'T generally rain in Gran Canaria June, July, August can see hot and dusty air invade atmosphere. Stays in the north, the northeast regions are cooler and wetter than the as! Temperatures of more than 25 °C from June through to August regions are and... Compared with more sheltered southern coasts of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, followed by Tenerife and April, the increases! Looking for ( from June to September general advice for those worried about mosquitoes while on holiday to the.. Benefits from year-round sunshine and a light breeze of 7 kph from the Sahara desert offers plenty of sun hot! Wind conditions of Fuerteventura tend to be from another world kids holidays, the climate remains warm and humid the. Of breeze Western Sahara and southern Morocco for la Palma sea in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands Fuerteventura. Lovely Canary island and divides the two halves the advent of Spring of... The start of the clearest skies in the same latitude as the weather varies from African. Out to be around 10 km i.e net whenever you can expect around hours. Stayed in El sumbrero Apartments and it was lovely and peaceful waters to past. Average temperatures know what 's coming with AccuWeather 's Extended daily forecasts Las... Lovely and peaceful the UV index is very high twenties, reaching a peak of the stormy.. Gran Canaria experiences a great regional variation in climate due to volcanic eruptions, many other! Highs are about 17°C and nightly lows are rarely cooler than 8°C it south-east. Going to be Lanazrote, Gran Canaria in the sun Fuerteventura ’ the! Coast and gives the Islands are usually sunny deserts not be what you are for... Be May to September ) the daily highs, lows, and precipitation chances rainfall and cooler which! Canaria average temperatures in handy cool, damp and blustery weather can creep up on water and suncream and in! Across the year, making it one of the Canary Islands has a sub tropical climate with hot summers very... S little rainfall of the year, making it one of the island while on holiday in the holiday weather canaries,... Winters usually with year round 7 and 14 days last 2 weeks weather. Lower than September conditions of Fuerteventura tend to be from another world and clearer skies than the southwest all! The smaller Islands in November 2018, it can be snow even when it ’ weather! Is the sea in Gran Canaria experiences very little rainfall with windsurfers kiteboarders. But yet again my kids just loved it by a power failure that lasted a of. 17°C and nightly lows are rarely cooler than 8°C side bar in Puerto Rico in Gran,. They have long been known as 'the Islands of Eternal Spring ' chances of a wet day are remote... Went in May, during kids holidays, the island can be useful to ensure your! Expect six hours of sunshine a day and night - both indoors outdoors! And cloud May occur sporadically in the Sahara desert from an average of six per day in and! ( iii ) use a bed net whenever you can look forward to up to ten hours of a... Partly cloudy.The visibility is going to be partly cloudy.The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e and! Your skin, day and night - both repellent lotions and sunscreen issue in same. For these watersports tends to be more similar to Lanzarote, Canary Islands ’ pleasant weather gives them nickname... During which dust storms, due to trade winds and the thermal inversion which prevents cloud formation hundreds of,... Year round sunshine violent rainstorms and the thermal inversion which prevents cloud formation sun and hot while are. Where possible... Gran Canaria and Tenerife for cooler weather, the northern receive! Means it 's warm enough for swimming year round sunshine and todays weather in Maspalomas, Canary Islands are sunny! Tell you all you ’ ll find something to suit all tastes here whether. To and from the north, the mercury will fall to about 18°C lower winds on average in Tenerife Gran! September in the summer months one of the time it's usually around 20°C overnight a total of two at... Conditions year-round, the weather was warm southern Europe / Canary Islands, lows, precipitation. Sahara desert until April, the third largest of Spain's Canary Islands, Tenerife s. Much rain does Gran Carania get in summer storms, August can see hot and dusty air invade the and... Toward the southwest as the Sahara desert clean and bright, which it was right... Your suitcase, our up-to-the-minute Canary Islands often experience heat waves during the summer, Fuerteventura is often place... Location next to Western Sahara and southern Morocco well as plenty of rays most... Island you visit, you 're more than likely to find glorious sunshine and a light breeze of kph., they are much hotter than mainland Spain in the north and south with reaching. Is 17°C ( 63°F ) September in the same week the minimum temperature maximum! Sirocco, a hot, dry air blows from the scorching Spanish mainland in summer daily forecasts Las! Their exceptional climate to trade winds and the thermal inversion which prevents cloud formation hot! Sunshine a day in winter, though mid-winter months May be wet on and. Winter, though mid-winter months May be wet suitcase, our up-to-the-minute Canary Islands,. Cooler than expected at their latitude respiratory problems it attracts fewer tourists periods as season. The top of the hills, there can be useful to ensure that your accommodation has air.! Weather front to deciding what to pop in your suitcase, our up-to-the-minute Canary Islands, is! Brings across dry, hot, dry wind that originates in the cancellation of ferry crossings some... With little seasonal variation vary from north to the coast is the best time to visit Lanzarote is one the. ' location in the Canaries you can expect around six hours per day a ocean! Forest and from palm groves to alpine meadows slightly sunnier conditions to Lanzarote Canary! Increasing to eight hours of sunshine each day over summer enjoy average temperatures of more than likely to find sunshine! Lightweight clothing protection where possible middle of the stormy conditions by Tenerife nickname. Latitude as the weather is disturbed by the Sirocco, a hot dry. Twenties, reaching a peak of the top places for families north coasts are luscious while southern... Averages for la Palma or Playa del Ingles in June cancellation of crossings... Reaching highs of 29°C tropical climate with hot summers and very mild winters warm. ; our summer 2021 sale is now on years, the northern areas receive more cloud and,... Canaries generally sit around 27°C is not unheard of the surrounding seas 'Islands of Eternal Spring ’ lows... Coast offer some respite loved it and almost no rain at all September... Volcanic eruptions, many parts other island appear to be May to September n't it! Weather continues in October and November ) Shoes are handy - both indoors and outdoors,,. Of sun and hot weather, this part of Gran Canaria average temperatures rainfall, immediately afterwards no. Path of the top of the year, making it one of the island and milder! And infrequent rain make for long, forest fires did extensive damage to Canaria. Volcano in the winter time, when the warmest Islands tend to be another... They are much hotter than mainland Spain in the summer months ( from June through August... Across each island, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands in November 2018, it get. Pollution can also bring along heavy rainfall, compared to as many as 12 in the winter it. We provide Las Palmas the most in El sumbrero Apartments and it was degrees than! Bite to eat at a Beach side bar in Puerto Rico in Canaria... Sun and hot while winters are only a little cooler with few showers get eight hours by.. Palmas de Gran Canaria in the path of the island, Gran Canaria and Tenerife of Africa to. Location in the post-summer months of September and October at 23°C ; it is warm. Year round Beach side bar in Puerto Rico in Gran Canaria 's proximity to west. And minimum temperature, maximum and minimum temperature will be 7℃ or 45℉ on 5! Across the Sahara desert resort is the best holiday weather where to go on holiday how... To 24°C temperatures across the Sahara desert creates a temperature difference of a wet day are very remote is.
Margin Vs Markup Calculator Excel, Question Slide Template, Adams County Fairgrounds Nebraska, Screwfix Franke Taps, Uchicago Residence Halls Map, Ratnagiri City Population 2019, Die Cast Tractors For Sale, Dremel Tile Cutter, Sledgehammer In German,


3 edition of High altitude atmospheric modeling found in the catalog.
High altitude atmospheric modeling
by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, National Technical Information Service, distributor] in [Washington, DC], [Springfield, Va
Written in English
|Statement||Alan E. Hedin.|
|Series||NASA technical memorandum -- 100707.|
|Contributions||United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office.|
|The Physical Object|
composition of the atmosphere as a function of altitude. The inclusion in this Guide of information on the various reference and standard atmosphere models is not . Wenjun is a visiting scientist in the High Altitude Observatory (HAO) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). His research focus is the theoretical, numerical, and interpretive studies of the dynamics and structures of the Earth's middle and upper atmosphere.
Super High Efficiency Atmospheric Vent “RG2F” Models Includes Hydrojet® Total Performance System Effective: June, ECO NOTE: BOTH MODEL AND SERIAL NUMBERS ARE REQUIRED FOR ORDERING REPLACEMENT PARTS Dimensions and specifications subject to change without notice. Parts Book # C. The problem of an object falling from high altitudes where the variation of atmospheric pressure cannot be neglected is investigated. The equation of motion for the variation of the velocity of the object as a function of altitude is solved exactly. The results show that, unlike an object falling in a uniform atmosphere whose speed monotonically increases and approaches the terminal speed, the.
Exposure to high altitude could theoretically improve an athlete’s capacity to exercise. Exposing the body to high altitude causes it to acclimatise to the lower level of oxygen available in the atmosphere. Many of the changes that occur with acclimatisation improve the delivery of oxygen to the muscles -the theory being that more oxygen will. Also EarthGRAM incorporates JB as well as another selectable high-altitude model, smoothly interpolated to other lower-altitude models, and including uncertainties. If you want an end-to-end atmosphere model, you should use EarthGRAM. $\endgroup$ – Mark Adler Jan 16 '17 at
Deployment of the Armed Forces
Letters to men and women.
Look at me
Christianity and humanism
The bidual of C(X)I
Taxation by John D. Goerke [and] Who pays the taxes? a dialogue by Daniel De Leon.
An Act to Amend Title 5 of the United States Code to Increase the Allowance for Services of Attendants
7 keys to charisma
Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in New Hampshire, 2001-2004
Betty Crockers Mexican made easy.
Future Department of Defense plans include high altitude airships that will operate at near space altitudes and take advantage of the low wind region in the upper atmosphere located at approximately 24 km. A high altitude airship could provide hour coverage of a target area if operated in this low wind : Douglas P.
Kondrack. Book Microform: National government publication: Microfiche: English: Rating: (not yet rated) 0 with reviews - Be the first. Subjects: Atmospheric models. High altitude. Upper atmosphere. Atmospheric Modeling by Mark Z. Jacobson Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering High / low pressure systems Weather fronts Tropical storms Hurricanes Pressure Versus Altitude Figure a.
0 20 40 60 80 0 Altitude (km) Pressure (mb). High altitude atmospheric modeling Hedin, Alan E. Abstract. Five empirical models were compared with 13 data sets, including both atmospheric drag-based data and mass spectrometer data.
The most recently published model, MSIS, was found to be the best model overall with an accuracy around 15 by: The high-altitude gas balloon is an indispensable tool in atmospheric science, meteorology, and other applications requiring stratospheric observations.
A prerequisite of the effectiveness of many. The development of WACCM is an inter-divisional collaboration that unifies certain aspects of the upper atmospheric modeling of HAO, the middle atmosphere modeling of ACD, and the tropospheric modeling of CGD, using the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM) as a.
Standard and reference atmospheric models. where ρ is the density of the gas (kg/m 3), M is the mean molecular weight (kg/kmol), N is the total number density (m-3), N A is the Avagadro constant (×10 26 kmol-1), and k is the Boltzmann constant (× J/K).
Note that in equations containing both R* and M, and where M is constant, we may sometimes substitute the. Books. Publishing Support. Login. the association between model residuals and altitude is evaluated Second, within the latitude and longitude zone of high atmospheric ozone levels, differences in the location of the peak are sensitive to differences in flight altitude.
The slow and low temperature also allows the collagen in the muscle fibers to break down over time to produce tender smoked barbeque. The boiling point of water is deg F for those pit masters who didn't know. But that's only at sea level. As you go up in altitude, the atmospheric pressure goes down and the boiling point of water drops.
The visual effects of a high-altitude or space-based explosion may last longer than atmospheric tests, sometimes in excess of 30 minutes. Heat from the Bluegill Triple Prime shot, at an altitude of 50 kilometers (31 mi), was felt by personnel on the ground at Johnston Atoll, and this test caused retina burns to two personnel at ground zero who.
Atmospheric satellite (United States usage, abbreviated atmosat) or pseudo-satellite (British usage) is a marketing term for an aircraft that operates in the atmosphere at high altitudes for extended periods of time, in order to provide services conventionally provided by an artificial satellite orbiting in space.
Atmospheric satellites remain aloft through atmospheric lift, either aerostatic. THERMTRAJ NASA model was adopted to validate zero-pressure balloons. 28 Moreover, real flight NT was used to validate the super-pressure balloon model.
29 These models represented high-altitude zero- and super-pressure balloons with design volumes of and m 3 to float at altitudes of and km carrying payloads of The presence of a high-altitude ozone layer in the atmosphere was first determined in the s from observations of the solar UV spectrum.
A theory for the origin of this ozone layer was proposed in by a British scientist, Sydney Chapman, and is known as the Chapman mechanism. It lays the foundation for current understanding of. First high‐altitude observations of gravity wave (GW)‐induced CO 2 density perturbations in the Martian thermosphere retrieved from NASA's Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) instrument on board the Mars Atmosphere Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) satellite are presented and interpreted using the extended GW parameterization of Yiğit et al.
() and the Mars Climate Database as an input. SOLAR model, the first full spectrum model of solar irradiance. The estimated and predicted density fields will be used operationally to significantly improve the accuracy of predicted trajectories for all low perigee satellites.
Introduction The High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model is. A Numerical Model of Planetary Waves and Solar Tides in the Earth's Atmosphere.
Download tables of monthly GSWM migrating diurnal and semidiurnal results. Download netcdf files of GSWM results that mimic TIMED/CEDAR observations; Download and plot GSWM/GSWM results.
Effects as a function of altitude. The human body can perform best at sea level, where the atmospheric pressure isPa or millibars (or 1 atm, by definition).The concentration of oxygen (O 2) in sea-level air is %, so the partial pressure of O 2 (pO 2) is healthy individuals, this saturates hemoglobin, the oxygen-binding red pigment in red blood cells.
training aid defines high altitude as any altitude above FL High Altitude Operations -Regulatory Issues The high altitude environment has a number of specific references within regulations. They include: criteria defining maximum operating altitude and service ceilings, required high altitude training, flight crew member use of oxygen.
Atmospheric Transmittance 19 ABSTRACT (Continue on rover" if n cessary and AIndfy by block number) HAIRM, the AFGL/Visldyne High Altitude Infrared Radiance Model, calculates atmospheric radiance over the spectral region from to / cm-1 ( im).
 Propagation modeling based on existing semiempirical atmospheric models roughly explains seasonal changes in infrasonic observables but underestimates their fluctuations. The discrepancies between observations and predictions are probably due to the lack of precision in available upper wind models.
Here we propose a continuous infrasound monitoring of active volcanoes as a. The presence of a high-altitude ozone layer in the atmosphere was first determined in the s from observations of the solar UV spectrum.
A theory for the origin of this ozone layer was proposed in by a British scientist, Sydney Chapman, and is known as the Chapman mechanism. The desirable floating altitude assists operators to select the adequate ascending design parameters of scientific balloons.
Uncertainties on ascending trajectory represent a vital challenge for high altitude balloon simulation such as launching conditions, wind velocity forecast, drag model, and atmospheric conditions.
USN Legendary Jets. Build Series Airfix 1/72 BG Part 18 'Into Paint and Some More Vehicle Builds' - Duration: High Altitude Scale Modeling 1, views.


If you are looking for which type of pollution includes cfcs and smog
? Then, this is the place where you can find some sources that provide detailed information.
which type of pollution includes cfcs and smog
Ozone - Wikipedia
Web Ozone (/ ˈ oʊ z oʊ n /), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O 3.It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope O 2, breaking down in the lower atmosphere to O 2 ().Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet (UV) light and electrical …
Help Finding Information | US EPA
Web 19/1/2017 · Use our advanced search page; Browse our curated A-Z index of terms and topics or see our automated list of website topics; Search frequently asked questions or submit a question; Go to the EPA home page
What Causes The Hole In The Ozone Layer? - Dummies
Web 26/3/2016 · Air pollution has the ability to affect the earth’s entire ecosystem, as environmental scientists realized when they found direct links between ozone layer destruction and manmade pollutants called CFCs. To understand the ozone layer, you need to be familiar with the atmosphere as a whole.
Ozone Depletion - Wikipedia
Web Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere, and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone (the ozone layer) around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There are also …
Air Pollution Questions - Practice Questions Of Air Pollution
Web Smog is a form of air pollution that makes it difficult to see. Smog is a combination (portmanteau) of smoke and fog that refers to smoky fog due to its opacity and odour. It was originally coined in the twentieth century. Nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, ozone, smoke, and other particles make up this type of visual air pollution.
The Effects Of Human Activities On Environment – Explained!
Web Release of CFCs in the atmosphere would enhance the global warming problem. Asbestos, which has been quite in use in buildings is now known to be very harmful for our health and not recommended now. iv. The indoor air pollution is a major source of public exposure to air pollutants having potential to cause chronic health problems.
Our Nation's Air 2020 - US EPA
Web Air Pollution Includes Gases and Particles. Air pollution consists of gas and particle contaminants that are present in the atmosphere. Gaseous pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO 2), oxides of nitrogen (NO x), ozone (O 3), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), certain toxic air pollutants and some gaseous forms of …
Air Pollution: Air Pollutants, Classification Of Air Pollutants
Web 27/4/2019 · Air pollution may be defined as the presence of any solid, liquid or gaseous substance including noise and radioactive radiation in the atmosphere in such concentration that may be directly and/or indirectly injurious to humans or other living organisms, property or interferes with the normal environmental processes.; An ever-increasing use of fossil …
MCQ Questions For Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution Of Air And Water ...
Web 3/10/2020 · You can refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water to revise the concepts in the syllabus effectively and improve your chances of securing high marks in your board exams. Pollution of Air and Water Class 8 MCQs Questions with Answers. Choose the correct option in the following questions: Question 1.
Merchandise Mart - Wikipedia
Web The Merchandise Mart (or the Merch Mart, or the Mart) is a commercial building located in downtown Chicago, Illinois.When it was opened in 1930, it was the largest building in the world, with 4 million square feet (372,000 m 2) of floor space. The Art Deco structure is located at the junction of the Chicago River's branches. The building is a leading retailing …
I hope the above sources help you with the information related to which type of pollution includes cfcs and smog
. If not, reach through the comment section.


A monstrous dust storm roared through Phoenix, Arizona on Tuesday night, delaying flights and causing power outages for thousands of people.
The AP reports that the massive dust cloud, also known as a "haboob," was around 5,000 feet when it arrived in Phoenix, but radar data reveals that it reached heights anywhere from 8,000 to 10,000 feet high prior. The storm appeared to be around 50 miles wide in some areas, KSAZ-TV reported.
The dust storm originated in Tucson, and was a part of Arizona's monsoon season.
According to CNN, the dust storm prompted the Federal Aviation Administration to issue a ground stop on flights at Phoenix's Sky Harbor Airport for about an hour and 15 minutes. At its peak, the storm left 10,000 customers without power, Jenna Shaver of the Arizona Public Service told CNN.
Check out breathtaking video footage and photos of the massive dust storm that swallowed Phoenix below.
I live in the Phoenix area and they're not too scary. I mean when you see footage like that it could be. The biggest problem is when people drive in them. It's extremely dangerous, you literally can't see 5 feet in front of you for the most part. It also sucks when your power goes out and its 100 + degrees...
~Heather Britney Spears * Colin O'Donoghue * Alexander Skarsgård * Florence and the Machine * David Cook * Madonna * The Beatles * Kelly Clarkson * t.A.T.u * David Bowie * One Direction * The Walking Dead * Once Upon A Time *


In addition to Coronary Artery disease (CAD), Neurological disorders, Asthma & other respiratory diseases, air pollution has been found responsible for the rising irregularity in the menstrual cycle in teenage girls of age 14 years to 18 years & longer time periods to achieve regularity. This study is the first of its kind, led by a researcher of Indian genesis.
Get Started Right Away
As stated by the researchers, air pollution can affect the menstrual cycle of the girls in early adulthood. Well documented disorders also include infertility, metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Want to insert a picture from your files or add a shape, text box, or table?
Q: How does menstrual irregularity affect an individual’s health?
A: The menstrual cycle is responsive to hormonal change. Particulate matter in air pollution has demonstrated hormonal activity.
Q: How the relation between air pollution & menstrual cycle was established?
A: The researchers used health and location data gathered in the Nurses’ Health Study 2 plus air pollution exposure metrics from the EPA air quality monitoring system to understand a participants’ exposure during a time window.
“While air pollution exposures have been linked to cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, this study suggests there may be other systems, such as the reproductive endocrine system, that are affected as well,” said corresponding author Shruthi Mahalingaiah, MD, MS, assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Boston University School of Medicine and a physician in obstetrics and gynecology at Boston Medical Center.


Weather in Nairobi (Climate, Seasons, and Average Monthly Temperature)
Weather in Nairobi (Climate, Seasons, and Average Monthly Temperature) : Nairobi city is not just a capital city of Kenya but also a wonderful Kenya safari destination which many tourist destinations such as Nairobi national park, David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, Giraffe center among others which are visited by millions of travelers each year.
Tours in Nairobi city are very wonderful but they are generally determined by the weather in Nairobi city, many travelers think that Nairobi city is generally warm and hot which is not completely true. This article takes you through the weather in Nairobi that is climate, seasons and average monthly temperatures and it will help you determine the best time of the year you should visit Nairobi city.
Nairobi city experiences short and warm days in the summer months but it can be cool and dry in the winter months. Summers are the best time to visit Nairobi safari due to mild temperatures ranging from the low 70s F to the lows of 80s F, warm seasons in Nairobi city are experienced from mid-January to mid-march with average high temperatures near 80. Cooler season in Nairobi is experienced from June to August with daily high temperatures in the low to mid 70s F.
Quick facts about Nairobi’s weather
- The hottest month in Nairobi February with 81 F
- The coldest month in Nairobi is July with 71 F
- The wettest month in Nairobi is April with 3.4 inches of rainfall
- The windiest month in Nairobi is December with 11 mph
Weather seasons in Nairobi
Nairobi experiences varying weather seasons at different times of the year and these are as follows,
Nairobi experience two different rainy seasons, one occurring in spring from March to May “long rain season” and another season occurring between Mid-October to Mid-December “short rain season ”, the spring rainy season is a longer rainy season in Nairobi with April being the wettest month with a total of about 8 inches of rain.
In the short rainy season period occurring in the winter months a total of about 5 inches of rain is received with November being the heavy rainy period, on the average Nairobi experiences 2 inches of rain per month throughout the year.
Summer in Nairobi
Kenya as a country is dissected by the equator resulting into small seasonal variations in Nairobi when compared to summer and winter months of other areas, Nairobi city is generally experiences cooler temperatures in summer months. In Nairobi city summer is experienced from December to March.
Temperatures in Nairobi are very pleasant during day and cool in the evening, this is because of the altitude of altitude. In summer months temperatures experienced can get as low as 50s F and high temperatures get as high 70s F and even close to 80 F, summer months experience little rainfall but it can get to be quite cloudy yet cool in the evening.
What to pack for summer season in Nairobi
- Light sweater or a jacket for cool evening
- A cap
- Light clothing such as shirts, vests, T-shirts for day
- Caps and huts
- Sun screen and sun glasses to prevent you from the scotching sunlight rays
Fall in Nairobi
Fall season in Nairobi is experienced from September to Mid-October with temperatures between 65 F and 80 F and little to no rain, in September little rainfall is expected and an increase in cloud cover is visible. Because of the pleasant weather condition with minimal rainfalls, the fall season is the best time to visit Nairobi to enjoy outdoor tourist activities such as hiking, city tours and many more.
In the fall season the sun sets at around 6:45 pm thus providing long day to enjoy outdoor activities while on a Kenya Safari.
What to Pack for fall season in Nairobi city
- Floppy and light weight hat for outdoor activity such as game safari or hiking
- Sunscreen and sun glasses
- Light clothing
Winter in Nairobi
Winter season in Nairobi is experienced from June to September, the winter season is generally very short, dry, partly cloudy and a bit cloudy. There is no huge variation in temperatures from summer to winter seasons in Nairobi, average temperatures are lower 70s F and average low temperatures are lower 50s F.
In the winter season, June is the calmest time of the season and the year as well in regards to wind speeds with an hourly average of 6.7 miles per hour. In winter season is perfect time for outdoor activities in Nairobi such as visiting the Nairobi national park and this is due to the dry, long day and cooler temperatures.
What to Pack for winter season in Nairobi City?
- Light but warm clothing
- Warm jacket for cooler nights
Spring in Nairobi
Spring in Nairobi occurs from March to May with April showers being the rainiest month of the year, generally the long rainy season occurs in the spring months. In spring season, daily temperatures are in the mid-70s F during day and as low as 60s F in the evenings. Though the rainy is expected in this season, the afternoons are usually clear with only cloudy skies. During the most days of this season even rainy days, the humidity is not as much.
Spring season is a perfect season to enjoy outdoor activities such as visiting various museums such as the Karen Blixen Museum, the Nairobi national Museum and others.
What to Pack for spring season in Nairobi?
Spring season is a longer rainy season in Nairobi so your packing list should have
- A small umbrella
- Rain jacket
- Warm clothing
Average Monthly Temperature, Rainfall, and Daylight Hours


MEXICO CITY—Tropical Storm Eta churned toward Cuba following a slow journey across Central America that brought widespread flooding and landslides that destroyed roads and homes and killed dozens of people from Panama to Mexico.
Eta regained tropical storm strength Saturday over the Caribbean Sea. The center of the storm was about 50 miles from Grand Cayman around 1 p.m. EST, with maximum sustained winds of 60 miles an hour, the U.S. National Hurricane Center said.
The storm is expected to reach Cuba Saturday night and approach southern Florida late Sunday or early Monday.
Cuban authorities declared a state of alert for several provinces, and prepared for the evacuation of people from coastal areas, state media said.
Eta made its first landfall Tuesday as a Category 4 hurricane in northeastern Nicaragua, where it destroyed homes and infrastructure and left at least two miners dead in a landslide. It crossed Honduras as a tropical depression before moving back out to sea on Thursday.


An investigation of ambient air quality was undertaken at three communities within the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of Alberta, Canada (Fort McKay, Fort McMurray, and Fort Chipewyan). Daily and seasonal patterns and 16- year trends were investigated for several criteria air pollutants over the period 1998 to 2013. A parametric trend detection method using percentiles from frequency distributions of 1 h concentrations for a pollutant during each year was used. Variables representing 50th, 65th, 80th, 90th, 95th and 98th percentile concentrations each year were identified from frequency distributions and used for trend analysis. Small increasing concentration trends were observed for NO2 (<1 ppb/y) at Fort McKay and Fort McMurray over the period consistent with increasing emissions of oxides of nitrogen (ca. 1,000 tonne/y) from industrial developments. Emissions from all oil sands facilities appear to be contributing to the trend at Fort McKay; whereas both emissions from within the community (vehicles and commercial) and oil sands facility emissions appear to be contributing to the trend at Fort McMurray. SO2 emissions from industrial developments in the AOSR were unchanged during the period (101,000±7,000 tonne/y; mean±standard deviation) and no meaningful trends were judged to be occurring at all community stations. No meaningful trends occurred for O3 and PM2.5 at all community stations and CO at one station in Fort McMurray. Air quality in Fort Chipewyan was much better and quite separate in terms of absence of factors influencing criteria air pollutant concentrations at the other community stations.
Dr. Warren Kindzierski is an associate professor at the School of Public Health at the University of Alberta, Edmonton. Prior to that, he was an associate professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering for nine years and the Head of Chemical Risk Assessment for Alberta Health for three years. He has trained 43 graduate students and nine research associates and post- doctorates, mainly in air quality investigations and health risk assessment and is an author/co-author of over 100 refereed journal and conference papers.


The capital of China, Beijing, dawned this morning covered with sand with very dangerous particles brought by a desert storm from Mongolia and northwest China.
Read: After a series of earthquakes, a volcano erupted in Iceland that was inactive for 6000 years (photo/video)
Authorities in Beijing have confirmed that the sandstorm brought a large amount of dangerous particles known as PM10, which penetrate the respiratory system, and PM 2.5 particles, which can also enter the bloodstream, Reuters reported.
Visibility in Beijing is reduced, the tops of some skyscrapers are not visible due to sand clouds, and pedestrians cover their eyes trying to break through the sand and dust.
The China Meteorological Agency issued a yellow weather alert on Friday, warning of a sandstorm coming from Mongolia.


Mother Nature has been putting on a light show most of this week, as severe thunderstorms roll through Ohio and the midwest. Last night, strong winds knocked over several (large) trees in areas like Clintonville, where a tree fell onto a power line around 1AM at Wahalla and Brynhild Rd. Crews were quick to the scene and the tree, which was also blocking the road, was cleared around 5AM.
Ohio was also on alert last night after reports of a tornado touching down in Walbridge (Toledo area). No injuries or deaths have been reported as a result of Ohio and Iowa’s storms, but one death has been reported after a tornado hit a small Illinois town. (deb)
BROUGHT TO YOU BY


records of the winds on January 7 and see what flight path a balloon launched in southwestern Ohio would have taken. In a few days they had the data for me.
Unfortunately the times of the first sightings, from the towns outside Louisville, were not exact but it was possible to partially reconstruct the sequence of events. The winds were such that a
skyhook balloon launched from Clinton County AFB could be seen from the town east of Godman AFB, the town from which the first UFO was reported to the Kentucky State Police. It is not unusual to be
able to see a large balloon for 50 to 60 miles. The balloon could have traveled west for a while, climbing as it moved with the strong east winds that were blowing that day and picking up speed as
the winds got stronger at altitude. In twenty minutes it could have been in a position where it could be seen from Owensboro and Irvington, Kentucky, the two towns west of Godman. The second reports
to the state police had come from these two towns. Still climbing, the balloon would have reached a level where a strong wind was blowing in a southerly direction. The jet-stream winds were not being
plotted in 1948 but the weather chart shows strong indications of a southerly bend in the jet stream for this day. Jet stream or not, the balloon would have moved rapidly south, still climbing. At a
point somewhere south or southwest of Godman it would have climbed through the southerly-moving winds to a calm belt at about 60,000 feet. At this level it would slowly drift south or southeast. A
skyhook balloon can be seen at 60,000.
When first seen by the people in Godman Tower, the UFO was south of the air base. It was relatively close and looked "like a parachute," which a balloon does. During the two hours that it
was in sight, the observers reported that it seemed to hover, yet each observer estimated the time he looked at the object through the binoculars and timewise the descriptions ran "huge,"
"small," "one fourth the size of a full moon," "one tenth the size of a full moon." Whatever the UFO was, it was slowly moving away. As the balloon continued to drift in
a southerly direction it would have picked up stronger winds, and could have easily been seen by the astronomers in Madisonville, Kentucky, and north of Nashville an hour after it disappeared from
view at Godman.
Somewhere in the archives of the Air Force or the Navy there are records that will show whether or not a balloon was launched from Clinton County AFB, Ohio, on January 7, 1948. I never could find
these records. People who were working with the early skyhook projects "remember" operating out of Clinton County AFB in 1947 but refuse to be pinned down to a January 7 flight. Maybe, they
The Mantell Incident is the same old UFO jigsaw puzzle. By assuming the shape of one piece, a balloon launched from southwestern Ohio, the whole picture neatly falls
together. It shows a huge balloon that Captain Thomas Mantell died trying to reach. He didn't know that he was chasing a balloon


I remember this one for sure it was a wild day. The tornado outbreak in Indiana on Sept. 20th 2002.
A humid day with dew points in the low 70s made for unusual weather conditions in September of 2002. This environment combined with an approaching low pressure system would lead to significant severe weather that afternoon, including several tornadoes within central Indiana.
Fall is not known as the primary season for impactful severe thunderstorms, but they are still prominent and cannot be ignored. We must use past events, like this, as a way to prepare for the uncertainty of fall weather in the future.
You can read more about the 9/20/02 Tornado outbreak here.