The National Renewable Energy Laboratory of the US Department of Energy has recently published a detailed harmonized lifecycle analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions of various energy sources. In summary, the results show that:
- all renewable and nuclear sources of energy supply except for the worst cases of biopower perform very significantly better than natural gas, oil, and coal.
- the range of possible emission scenarios for biopower, photovoltaics, and nuclear is greater than the range for concentrating solar, geothermal, hydro, ocean, and wind.
- the median of GHG emissions data for concentrating solar, hydro, ocean, and wind is significantly lower than that for biopower, photovoltaics, geothermal, and nuclear.
- post-combustion carbon capture and sequestration has the potential to bring total lifecycle GHG emissions within the upper 25th percent of the range of several renewable technologies.
Very detailed results are published in a number of locations with links at http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sustain_lcah.html For a summary of results click on the Findings and Results link.


| < May >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Pensacola, Fl in May is fairly hot at 23.6 °C (74.48 °F).
- Afternoons can be very hot with average high temperatures reaching 28.4 °C (83.1 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally somewhat warm with an average low of 18.7 °C (65.7 °F).
- The average diurnal temperature variation/ range in May is 9.7 °C (17.5 °F).
- The weather in May is not exactly parched. Circa 106.7mm (4.2in) of water precipitates.
- The shortest day is 13:20 long and the longest day is 13:57 long with an average length of 13:40.
Check the distance to and compare the Pensacola, Fl May averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for May in Pensacola, Fl, Usa
Navigate to May Weather in Locations Surrounding Pensacola, Fl:
- Meridian, Mississippi, Usa - 253.8 kms (157.7 miles) NW
- Waynesboro, Ms, Usa - 241.4 kms (150 miles) NW
- Thomasville, Al, Usa - 185.7 kms (115.4 miles) NNW
- Mobile, Alabama, Usa - 104.5 kms (64.9 miles) WNW
- Pascagoula, Ms, Usa - 132.3 kms (82.2 miles) W
- Montgomery Al, Usa - 215.3 kms (133.8 miles) NNE
- Highland Home, Al, Usa - 202.7 kms (126 miles) NNE
- Selma, Al, Usa - 169.5 kms (105.4 miles) N
- Blakely, Ga, Usa - 216.4 kms (134.5 miles) ENE
- De Funiak Springs, Fl, Usa - 126.8 kms (78.8 miles) ENE
- Apalachicola, Florida, Usa - 223 kms (138.6 miles) ESE


The absolute best future — the one with fewer local weather disasters, extinctions, and human struggling — includes limiting world warming to 1.5 levels Celsius. However for this to occur, a brand new report warns, greenhouse fuel ranges should begin dropping by 2025.
“We’re on a quick observe to local weather catastrophe,” United Nations Secretary-Normal António Guterres stated on Monday whereas asserting the brand new report by the United Nation’s preeminent local weather physique, the Intergovernmental Panel on Local weather Change.
“This isn’t fiction or exaggeration,” he added. “It’s what science tells us will outcome from our present power insurance policies. We’re on a pathway to world warming of greater than double 1.5 levels.”
In 2016, virtually each nation signed the Paris local weather settlement pledging to stave off the worst local weather impacts by limiting world warming to effectively under 2 levels Celsius, ideally to 1.5 levels Celsius, in comparison with preindustrial ranges. However the world has already warmed 1.1 degrees Celsius, and this new report makes abundantly clear that the hotter temperature targets may quickly be out of attain if people don’t instantly and transform how they reside, from how they get power and meals to how they construct and transfer round.
“It’s now or by no means, if we need to restrict world warming to 1.5 levels Celsius (2.7 levels Fahrenheit),” Imperial School London’s Jim Skea, one of many report co-authors, stated in an announcement. “With out instant and deep emissions reductions throughout all sectors, it is going to be not possible.”
Skea was one of many lots of of scientists worldwide who contributed to the report known as “Local weather Change 2022: Mitigation of Local weather Change,” the third and last installment of the IPCC’s Sixth Local weather Evaluation. The earlier installments, printed in latest months, targeted on summarizing the climate impacts already here and what’s probably to come back, in addition to listing ways to adapt to these impacts.
Within the face of ever-worsening local weather impacts, from intensifying warmth waves and floods to rising meals disruptions, people have spent the previous decade including gas to the hearth by persevering with to spew extra carbon dioxide and different greenhouse gasses into the environment than ever earlier than.
International common emissions measured roughly 59 gigatons of carbon dioxide equal in 2019, about 12% increased than ranges in 2010 and 54% increased than in 1990, per the brand new report. This can be a staggering improve.
However the blame for rising emissions doesn’t fall on everybody equally.
“The ten% of households with the best per capita emissions contribute a disproportionately giant share of world [greenhouse gas] emissions,” in keeping with a abstract of the brand new report. For instance, in 2019, Small Island Creating States are estimated to have launched 0.6% of world greenhouse fuel emissions.
The one approach to stop widespread local weather harm is to instantly cease this development. To maintain the 1.5 diploma Celsius future alive, per the report, individuals worldwide should collectively peak their emissions by 2025 after which cut back emissions 43% by 2030. Crucially, this includes reducing emissions of the potent greenhouse fuel methane by 34% by 2030.
Lastly, by 2050, individuals should obtain internet zero emissions, which is when they’re releasing into the environment the identical ranges of emissions they’re pulling out of it.
Even when all these deadlines are hit, scientists warn it’s nonetheless doubtless world common temperatures will quickly exceed, or “overshoot,” 1.5 levels Celsius, earlier than returning under that degree by the tip of the century.
Holding even the two.0 diploma Celsius future in attain includes peaking world emissions by 2025, in keeping with the report, then decreasing emissions 27% by 2030, and reaching internet zero emissions by the early 2070s.
Maybe the one greatest approach to lower emissions is shortly transitioning away from fossil fuels to renewable and different various types of power. Limiting warming to 1.5 levels, local weather modeling suggests, includes reducing world use of coal, oil, and fuel in 2050 by roughly 95%, 60%, and 45% in comparison with 2019 ranges.
“Local weather change is the results of greater than a century of unsustainable power and land use, life and patterns of consumption and manufacturing,” Skea stated. “This report exhibits how taking motion now can transfer us in the direction of a fairer, extra sustainable world.”
The report’s launch comes as Russia’s struggle in Ukraine has triggered spiking power prices and, likewise, conversations in Europe, the USA, and elsewhere extra shortly transitioning away from Russian fossil fuels.
“We’re, in the intervening time, dealing with difficult instances. We’ve discovered about this brutal struggle in Ukraine,” stated Petteri Taalas, Secretary-Normal of the World Meteorological Group, on the Monday information convention, earlier than connecting the combating on the bottom to the combat to restrict local weather change. “In the perfect case, this may pace up the discount of using fossil power and in addition pace up the inexperienced transition. Within the worst case, pursuits to mitigate local weather change might be challenged due to this growth.”


Global Warming_ Natural or Human Induced Essay
Scientists and environmentalists have defined the term global warming in different ways Global warming refers to the heating of the surface, which leads to climate change and rising sea levels; this is mainly due to emission of gases (www. planningportal. gov. uk/). Others attribute global warming to the consequences of the green house effects. It is also believed that global warming occurs when temperatures of the earth surface increase due to rise of carbon dioxide causing climatic changes hence global warming.
Global warming has in the recent past become a subject of interest among scientists environmentalists and governments among other groups. This is due to the far reaching effects especially the climate change. The question that now begs an answer is whether global warming occurs naturally or it is due to human activities. There has been an increase in global temperature since mid 20th century, There are scientists who hold that global warming is caused by human activities like the emission of gases such as carbon to the atmosphere, burning of fossil fuels, deforestations and similar activities (Job D. A. 1994).
Human activities have been cited as the causes of global warming by environmentalists, who urge for discontinuation of the said activities. Green house gases are highly cited to cause the rise in the temperature of the earth. This is mainly due to anthropogenic GHGs. However; this argument is discredited because rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and green house gases GHGs does not correlate with global warming. Some scientists argue that if the green house gases were causing climate changes through temperature rise, then the troposphere would warm faster than the earth surface and this according to them is not observable.
Temperature measurement indicate that temperatures increase with the rate of the temperature surface. Temperatures have risen and fallen due to the change in the levels of carbon dioxide in a time span of after 1000 years (Net T. 1999). It is uncertain to attribute global warming to the humans. Global warming is due to the effects of natural occurrence such as ocean currents and when the solar system increases its solar activities. Ocean currents are the movements of ocean water in a continuous way, Ocean currents within the ocean of hot or cold rivers.
Forces generate currents which acts upon water causing planet rotation, wind affects the temperatures, this leads to differences in the moon gravitation. Ocean currents may flow for long distances even thousands of kilometers. They determine the climates in areas surrounding the oceans. Some examples are the Hawaiian Islands where the climate of the area is cool than the tropical latitudes. Deep ocean currents are driven by destiny and temperature gradient. Global warming is mostly believed to be caused by human activities.
Some researchers have tried to examine patterns of heat in the temperature warming over land and water in both warm and cold areas. Results revealed some specific patterns regarding the green house gases. Vertical structure of warming was graphically different from natural warming structure. (Santer, B. D et al) According to Thomson, J. (1995), a signal analyst, the accumulation of green house gases had overwhelmed the relatively weaker effects of solar cycle on the climate. He had also noted that season’s timings kept on changing due to emissions of carbons dioxide after the World War II during the industrialization process.
The seasonal pattern had started to change at a very high rate. (“The seasons global temperature and precession” by David J Thomson science vol 268 1995) Research done has continued to strengthen the case for human induced global warming. The national climate date center found that winter–time and night –time low temperatures were rising twice than summer time and daytime high temperature. Researchers argued that if the warming occurs naturally high and low temperatures would rise and fall in a parallel manner rather than the observed temperature range which narrows between daytime highs and nighttime lows.
(David, E. et al 1997) There is relation between temperature changes and factors like volcanic activities and sun’s brightness variations. Abrupt warning had occurred during the 20th century. Most of the climatic analysis on climatic change has suggested that human interventions have been a dominant force behind global warming. Others studies have shown that natural factors had also influenced the change of earths temperature. There has been an increase in carbon dioxide and methane amount in space migrating from the earth atmosphere. These changes occurred between 1970 and 1997.
Human generated carbon dioxide from green house had caused the earth to import heat causing climate change. Many researchers in their studies and analysis of global warming acknowledge that human has induced increase of the earth’s temperature. Gas emissions from industries, deforestation, burning fuels causes rise of the earth temperature. Global warming and climate change is attributed to various factors natural and human induced. Natural factors within the earth’s climate system have brought few changes. Changes earths orbiting around the sun can bring a large change on the earth’s climate system.
However climate change have been altered in a significant variations, this makes it difficult to explain changes in climate as seen since the 20th century as occurring due to natural processes.
Choundhury, S. (1980). Management Education in India, university of Calcutta. Fleagle R. G. (1992). The US government response to global change, splinger.. Houghton J. T, and Jenkins G. V. (1990). Climate Change: The IPCC scientific Assessment UNEP. Job D. A. (1994). Global climate Change, natural resource management, Carpe. Net T. ; Emission; Economicwide Effects of Reducing CO, urbanfischer.
de, 1999. Noguchi K. and Konopka B. ; biomass and production of fine roots in Japanese forests, splinger, 1992. Nordaus W. D; and Shaw . D. (1994). Impacts of Global Warming on Agriculture. Cambridge Univesity press. Russel D. Land Rind D. (1992). Regional cooling in a warming climate us government printing office, 1992. Victor D. G. (2001) The collapse of the Kyoto protocol and the struggle to slow Global warming: the complete briefing. Princeton univ. press. David J Thomson. (1995). vol 268. Available at: www. planningportal. gov. uk/england/professional/en/111531/o689250. html. Retrieved on: 03:04:08


Jul 21, 2023
TRACKING: Seasonal through midweek, then temperatures increase again
Temperatures will be around normal for the time of year through the middle portion of the upcoming week while remaining fairly dry. We'll see temperatures increase though as we finish the work week
Temperatures will be around normal for the time of year through the middle portion of the upcoming week while remaining fairly dry. We'll see temperatures increase though as we finish the work week and beyond.
Today: After a gorgeous weekend, temperatures warm a touch to start the work week with highs in the lower to middle 80s under a mostly sunny to partly cloudy sky. Dew points remain lower though in the upper 50s and lower 60s. Winds will be light out of the southwest blowing around 5-10 mph.
Tonight: There is a slight chance for a stray shower or two tonight as a weak front makes its way through the area. Any stray showers that develop will will not drop much rainfall and will be quick. Otherwise, mostly clear to partly cloudy sky conditions are expected with lows dropping into the lower 60s. Winds will change from blowing out of the southwest to out of the northwest around 5-10 mph.
Tuesday: A mostly sunny day is expected on Tuesday, however, there could be some haze around during the afternoon with the wind shifting to a northerly direction around 5-15 mph. Afternoon highs will be sitting right around average in the upper 70s to middle 80s. Dew points will rise a small bit into the lower 60s for most.
Wednesday: Much of the same is expected for Wednesday under a mostly sunny sky. Temperatures will drop by a couple of degrees though sitting in the upper 70s to lower 80s. Dew points remain in the upper 50s to lower 60s. Winds will blow out of the east around 5-10 mph.
Rest of Week: An increase in temperatures is expected once we make it past midweek. We’ll see highs in the lower to middle 80s on Thursday, then another increase on Friday with highs in the upper 80s to lower 90s. Mostly sunny sky conditions are expected. Temperatures bump up a little more heading into the weekend with highs in the upper 80s to middle 90s under a partly cloudy sky.Today:Tonight:Tuesday:Wednesday:Rest of Week:Comments disabled.


Friday, April 22 is Earth Day, an annual global anniversary of the birth of the modern environmental movement in 1970. This year’s theme is focused on “Investing in our Planet” and even amid the backdrop of the war in Ukraine, the expectations for climate action and scrutiny of progress only continue to grow.
Earlier this month, the United Nations created an expert panel to scrutinize whether companies’ efforts to curb climate change are credible. Many observers applauded the news as being “well overdue,” noting that climate targets such as “net zero” are interpreted and touted in different ways by various companies and officials.
Sustainability terms are oftentimes vague and extremely technical — and using these terms incorrectly or interchangeably can lead to confusion among stakeholders and significant reputational issues for brands. While net zero and carbon neutral may sound the same, they are extremely different in terms of scope, ambition, strategy and scale for a company looking to reduce its environmental footprint.
To help reduce risk and provide full transparency to your stakeholders on your environmental progress, communicators should know and understand this vocabulary. Below is a glossary of terms that our Social Impact & Sustainability team recommends for those focused on climate and carbon action.
Greenhouse gases (GHG) are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of terrestrial radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere itself and by clouds. This property causes the greenhouse effect. Water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ozone (O3) are the primary GHGs in the Earth’s atmosphere. [Source]
Scope 1 Emissions
Direct GHG emissions that occur from sources that are controlled or owned by an organization (e.g., emissions associated with fuel combustion in boilers, furnaces, vehicles). [Source]
Scope 2 Emissions
Indirect GHG emissions associated with the purchase of electricity, steam, heat or cooling. [Source]
Scope 3 Emissions
GHG emissions as a result of activities from assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organization, but that the organization indirectly impacts in its value chain. [Source]
A carbon footprint is the total amount of GHG emissions that come from the production, use and end-of-life of a product or service. [Source]
Legacy emissions refer to past emissions of nations, corporations, or individuals. [Source]
Life-cycle assessment is a cradle-to-grave or cradle-to-cradle analysis technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product’s life — from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution and use. Life-cycle assessments are often conducted to measure carbon footprint and more. [Source]
A process in which a relatively pure stream of CO2 from industrial and energy-related sources is separated (captured), conditioned, compressed and transported to a storage location for long-term isolation from the atmosphere. [Source]
Removing or sequestering more CO2 from the atmosphere than you emit. This typically includes using technology or processes that capture carbon and store it so it cannot be emitted into the atmosphere. [Source]
Carbon Neutral (or carbon net neutral)
Reducing as many CO2 emissions as possible across the value chain and balancing those that cannot be eliminated through removals, either through carbon offsets or insetting. [Source]
When individuals and companies invest in environmental projects around the world in order to balance out the negative environmental impacts of their operations and minimize or neutralize their own carbon footprints. [Source]
Insetting is the implementation of nature-based solutions such as reforestation, agroforestry, renewable energy, and regenerative agriculture within the value chain. [Source]
Net zero emissions occur when human-caused Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGs) are balanced out by removing GHGs from the atmosphere in a variety of ways. [Source]
Science-based targets provide a clearly defined pathway for companies and financial institutions to reduce GHG emissions, helping prevent the worst impacts of climate change and future-proof business growth. Targets are considered ‘science-based’ if they are in line with what the latest climate science deems necessary to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement — limiting global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C. The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) guides companies in science-based target setting. [Source]
To tackle a complex and adaptive challenge like climate change requires a common understanding of the problem and potential solutions. Being disciplined and specific with the language we use to discuss, collaborate, and engage is critical. Companies should consider ways to promote civic education so they can engage in the climate challenge in a more meaningful way. Earth Day is an excellent opportunity to educate stakeholders and engage employees in creative ways around a company’s specific actions on sustainability.


WRF-ARW Data importing: VAPOR GUI can directly import WRF-ARW output data, with no data conversion. From the VAPOR GUI Data menu, click "Import WRF-ARW data into default session". Then select all the WRF-ARW files to visualize. They must be on the same grid and the same level of nesting.
WRF-ARW Data conversion: Visualization of very large WRF-ARW datasets in VAPOR GUI can be sluggish if you import the data as above. To improve interactivity, convert the WRF-ARW data to a VAPOR VDC, and then, from the GUI Data menu, click "Load a Dataset into default session". See Creating a .vdf file and Populating a VDC for instructions on performing this conversion.
Image preparation: Georeferenced images displayed in the VAPOR scene are useful for providing a geospatial context for the visualization. Some images are pre-installed with VAPOR; others can be downloaded from Web Mapping Services. These images can be mapped to the terrain, indicating mountain heights other terrain features. Instructions for preparing terrain images are provided at Obtain terrain images: getWMSImage.sh . Options for displaying images are discussed under Image rendering.
Analysis capabilities: When visualizing WRF-ARW data, several weather-related variables can be calculated in Python and immediately visualized, using the vapor_wrf module. The available derived variables include cloud-top temperature, equivalent potential temperature, radar reflectivity, vorticity and potential vorticity, relative humidity, wind shear, sea-level pressure, dewpoint temperature, and temperature in degrees Kelvin. These capabilities are described in the Vapor Python Guide
Additional resources: Several online tutorials that deal with WRF and VAPOR are available:
The Hurricane Katrina Tutorial is a short overview of some ways to visualize WRF data with VAPOR, based on a simulation of Hurricane Katrina.
Georgia Weather Case Study : A quick-start tutorial showing how to use VAPOR to explore a WRF data set.
VAPOR User’s Guide for WRF Typhoon Research : A guide to using VAPOR to visualize typhoon Jangmi, including instructions for preparing satellite images and NCL plots to visualize in VAPOR.
Using NCL with VAPOR to visualize WRF-ARW data: This is a tutorial showing how to make NCL plots of WRF data that can be embedded and visualized in a VAPOR 3D scene.


“It’s going to be a very hard thing to concede. National Weather Service will have survey teams out today to determine strength of Arlington tornado. Because when the weather changes in Texas, it can get very serious very quickly,â said Richardson Office of Emergency Management Coordinator Alisha Gimbel. I do know some of the neighbors are still fighting their insurance.â. "Our neighborhood got hit pretty bad, neighborhood next door got hit pretty bad as well. Here is a video of some severe weather crossing Lake Wright Patman caught by a local Game Warden," the agency said. “I apologise to those that I hurt”, Cho said. At 842 PM CST, a severe thunderstorm was located over Moss Point, moving east at 25 mph. A community in North Texas is picking up the pieces after an apparent tornado leveled buildings and damaged a nursing home. That warning indicated winds up to 60 mph and penny-size hail were possible. At 942 PM CST, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado was located 12 miles north of Gainesville, or 18 miles southeast of Ava, moving east at 35 mph. Maxwell, 58, has pleaded not guilty to charges that she procured three girls for Epstein to abuse in the mid-1990s. MPs from across the political spectrum called for an explanation of how the segment was allowed to air on RAI, the national broadcaster, while campaigners said it was highly offensive and put the cause of feminism in Italy back by decades. But a severe thunderstorm watch for the counties that was scheduled to last until 2 a.m. Wednesday said gusts could reach 70 mph and left open the possibility of tornadoes, as well as hail. It took 10-14 weeks to clear the city of Richardson of the 30-35 million pounds of debris. This outbreak currently holds the record for the costliest tornado outbreak in Texas history. The storm's estimated total losses were calculated at around $1.5 billion, according to the Insurance Council of Texas, making it the costliest tornado outbreak ever in Texas. They had to make their way in. Otherwise, you can try the following to get the map to fix itself: Remember to check out severe weather outlook for more severe weather and cyclocane for hurricanes. Indicted on 14 criminal charges, including inducing another person involved in the trafficking ring to rape a teenage girl and concealing more than £70,000 in criminal proceeds, prosecutors had initially demanded a life sentence on the grounds of the “irreperable damage” Cho had caused his victims. At 1209 PM CST, a severe thunderstorm was located near Wilmer, or near Franklinton, moving northeast at 20 mph. As storms weakened, the warning was allowed to expire, but winds in Arlington were strong enough to topple trees, according to reports. ), criticized Obama's comments as "condescending. This Is Why Everyone Should Watch Duck Dynasty. skip ahead to the tornado outlook and current tornado watches →. Their Teeth Fell Out. If found to be unfair, Australia could win the right to impose countervailing duties of similar value on Chinese goods. âThere were a lot of delays with adjusters. She has been held without bail while she prepares for a July trial. A year after devastating tornadoes ravaged North Dallas, the storm's estimated total losses have been calculated at around $1.5 billion according to the @InsCouncilTx. At 256 AM CST, severe thunderstorms were located along a line extending from 6 miles west of Feenyville to near Herbine to near Warren, moving east at 50 mph. ©2020 FOX News Network, LLC. The tornado came as … tornado hq is another wicked weather site by hayley. To my knowledge, this only works in the Chrome and Safari browsers. She asked a judge to intervene on her client's behalf to improve her conditions at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn. We will remove this and make the changes needed. There is now support for tracking custom locations. âThere were multiple tornadoes that day. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. DALLAS â In October 2019, 10 tornadoes ripped through the North Dallas area, causing significant structural damage to thousands of homes and businesses.
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Cool, moist maritime polar mP air, on the other hand, forms over the colder subpolar ocean waters just south and east of the large, winter oceanic low-pressure regions. If the force of the air were just down, it would probably collapse. Scientists and engineers use that physical trait all of the time.
There is a lot more energy hitting the Earth from the Sun as you move closer to the outer edge of the atmosphere. The original atmospheres started with a rotating disc of gases that collapsed to form a series of spaced rings that condensed to form the planets.
This pressure is usually expressed in millibars mb; 1 mb equals 1, dynes per square cm or in kilopascals kPa; 1 kPa equals 10, dynes per square cm.
Because the air also pushes up, the desk is able to stay in one piece and not collapse under the weight of your books. The altimeter setting in aviation is an atmospheric pressure adjustment. Mars undergoes temperature swings influenced by how much sunlight reaches the surface, which also affects its polar ice caps another great influence on the atmosphere.
Compressing Gases Gases hold huge amounts of energy and their molecules are spread out as much as possible. Atmospheric escape Surface gravity differs significantly among the planets. Dry air from Earth's atmosphere contains That idea explains why the pressure is lower in Colorado than it is on a beach in California.
Good examples of these types of liquids include water H2O and mercury Hg. The planet's atmospheres were then modified over time by various complex factors, resulting in quite different outcomes.
The gas molecules move from an area of high pressure to one of low pressure. The air pressure pushes it up as much as it pushes it down. Today, we are seeing unusually rapid warming.
This extra energy causes the molecules to get excited and the temperature goes up. The first exoplanet whose atmospheric composition was determined is HD ba gas giant with a close orbit around a star in the constellation Pegasus.
The number of air particles pushing up on the bottom of the balloon is the same as the number pushing down on the top.
Charts can be drawn for various elevations. You can read about gases and how pressure can increase and decrease when forces change like temperature and volume. This becomes a problem if the diver then surfaces too quickly. These can also describe the weather in a certain place, but while the weather can change in just a few hours, climate changes over a longer span of time.
If we stacked up all those apples, they would form a pile about 10 m tall.
Those that remain are known as semipermanent pressure centres and are the source regions for major, relatively uniform bodies of air known as air masses.
The thermosphere extends from about 56 miles 90 km to between and miles and 1, km. The only way to avoid getting the bends is to come to the surface slowly, allowing the nitrogen to be released slowly as the pressure gradually decreases.
Dry bulb temperature is what is usually meant by "air temperature". When do you get the greatest pressure. Ice floats at the top of your soda because it is less dense than the surrounding liquid.
For such a model atmosphere, the pressure declines exponentially with increasing altitude. Too far, and the water turns icy; too close, and the water evaporates. Relative humidity is closely linked to human comfort.
Liquids have atoms that are spread out a little more. All of those molecules are pushing sideways, up, diagonally, and every way imaginable. When meteoroids do impact, the effects are often erased by the action of wind. Additional reporting by Elizabeth Howell, Space.
Inflated spacesuits All of which are reasons why astronauts wear spacesuits whenever they venture outside their spacecraft. Each collision produces a tiny force on the wall, trying to push it outwards. Experiencing the atmosphere: The atmosphere is a mixture of gases and it pushes on us with atmospheric douglasishere.comgh atmospheric pressure changes with the weather, it is usually aboutN/m douglasishere.com is equivalent toapples piled up on a square metre (it’s easy to remember that an apple weighs about a newton).
If we stacked up all those apples, they would form a pile about. Pressure and the Gas Laws. H.P Schmid, Climate and Meteorology Program, Dept. of Geography The atmospheric pressure outside a balloon, P A (gases and liquids) in general.
The pressure generated by an overlying column of fluid is thus termed the hydrostatic pressure. In anesthetizing locations and PACUs where exposure to waste gases is known to occur, it is important for health-care workers and their employers to understand the potential risks of excess exposure to waste anesthetic gases and to implement the appropriate controls to minimize these risks.
Composition and physical properties of air. Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide and other components. CO2 in air. Carbon dioxide concentration in air. Water vapor content (humidity). Pressure (elevation/ altitude) effects on air properties and air separation.
Psychrometric charts, online psychrometric calculator. History of Earth's atmosphere and CO2 content in air. The atmosphere model (US_Standard, Tropical, etc.) determines the temperature, pressure and gas concentrations at each height in the atmosphere.
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. Atmospheric pressure is the total weight of the air above unit area at the point where the pressure is measured.Gases and atmospheric pressure


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What is the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme?
In a concerted effort to reduce carbon emissions worldwide, several regulatory bodies throughout the world have created a greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme where companies can be involved with the business of carbon trading. The carbon emissions trading market has become a $30 billion industry and continues to grow. The biggest greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme is the European Union Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme, also known as the ETC.
Participation in a greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme is either voluntary or mandatory. The ETC requires mandatory involvement, which is one of the arguments against it. Detractors say it is the government’s way of taking over carbon emissions regulating.
Carbon trading is a free market system where companies involved with carbon emissions can buy and sell carbon credits in an effort to reduce overall carbon emissions. This free market strategy was based on similar strategies used in the United States during the 1990s to reduce the amount of toxins released into the air that were causing acid rain. The success of those programs prompted governments to follow those programs rather than using a tax based system. The current free market system utilizing a greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme is seen by experts as a more productive and low cost way of reducing carbon emissions. Although there are a fair share of detractors, the carbon emissions trading market is thriving. Worldwide emissions are down, but only time and more research will tell if it is the best method.
The information supplied in this article is not to be considered as medical advice and is for educational purposes only.


There is a key reason for the delivery time longer than before is that chinese people wanna see blue sky every day. So some foundry and casting plants are pushed to be closed.
The ongoing haze may linger in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cluster till Thursday, with only short break in some regions, because of unfavorable meteorological condition for air pollutant disposal, said authorities.
The low wind speed from southwest, as low as 3.6 kilometers per hour, resulted in accumulation of air pollutants along the Taihang Mountain in the region from Saturday morning and the pollutants were then transported to Beijing.
The temperature inversions, which prevent normal convective churn of the atmosphere, and the high humidity worsened the situation, according to a statement from a national joint research center on air pollution causes and control.
The conclusion was made based on joint discussion of more than 10 experts from research institutes and universities, including Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences and Tsinghua University.


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Contact Us. It develops rapidly and can strike with little or no warning.
Flash floods can occur between hills, near small streams or in any low area. Small streams can become raging rivers with the strength to roll boulders and vehicles, tear out trees and wash away bridges. A flash flood can unleash deadly force in minutes. Always consult the National Weather Service forecast before visiting a national forest.
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Do not come when inclement weather is forecasted. National Weather Service lingo: A flash flood watch means threatening weather is possible in the area. A flash flood warning means you may Broken Arrow Oklahoma sex fuck only seconds to escape.
During a weather event, a flash flood watch or warning will be broadcast on the news and transmitted on weather radios. Any fs in need of hurricane help, cell phones can receive wireless emergency alerts--a personal warning about imminent threats like flash floods.
Consumers can sign up to receive imminent threat alerts from their cellular carrier, or install a weather alert app on a smart phone. Remember, flash floods develop so rapidly that you may not get a warning. Any time a warning is issued, climb to safety immediately. Do not remain in a low-lying area. A flood is a high flow Any fs in need of hurricane help overflow of water from a river or similar body of water, occurring over a period of time.
Most communities in the United States can experience some kind of flooding. Floods can happen anytime during the year, such as after winter snowmelts, spring thunderstorms and fall hurricanes. A flood watch is Ahy when Married couple seeking women McComb water flow is possible in the specified time period.
A flood warning means flood conditions are occurring, so get to safety. Lightning can oof very dangerous. It can span 5 miles in hurrcane, attain a temperature of approximately 50, degrees Fahrenheit and contain over million electrical volts. When lightning is possible in your area, there are two key alerts to watch for: A severe thunderstorm watch is issued when conditions are conducive to Any fs in need of hurricane help development of severe thunderstorms.
A severe thunderstorm warning is issued when a severe thunderstorm has actually been observed by spotters or indicated on radar, and is occurring or imminent in the warning area. Hurricanes are currently directly impacting national forests across the southern United States. Many of the region's campgrounds have closed due to flooding.
Any fs in need of hurricane help fees have been waived. With winds of 74 mph or more, hurricanes are seasonal storms that develop over a large body of warm water. When reaching a land mass, they typically bring torrential rains, high waves, a storm surge, damaging winds and devastation. Lightning and tornadoes are also possible. When a hurricane or tropical storm is possible in your area, there are four key alerts to look for: A tropical storm watch is issued when Milf dating in Portis storm conditions with Anyy winds from 39 to 73 mph are possible in your area within the next 48 hours.
Tropical storm warnings are issued when tropical storm conditions are expected in your area in the next 36 hours. A hurricane watch is Any fs in need of hurricane help when hurricane conditions sustained winds of 74 mph or greater are possible in your area in the next hurrocane hours.
Hurricane warnings are issued when hurricane conditions are expected in your area in 36 hours or less. Please stay informed and take precautions to stay safe if a hurricane is expected in your area. A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from the base of a thunderstorm down to the ground.
Tornado intensities are classified as F0 weakest to F5 strongest.Horny Women In Paris
They are capable of completely destroying well-made structures, uprooting trees and hurling objects through the hurricane. A tornado watch is broadcast when conditions are conducive to the development of tornadoes. A tornado warning is issued when a tornado has been sighted, indicated on radar, or is occurring in the warning area.
The biggest danger you'll face if a tornado strikes while you're in the forest is falling trees and tree limbs. A microburst is a localized column of sinking air that produces damaging Native american Arlington looking for my amateur woman near the ground. The high winds of a microburst can knock over fully grown trees. The wind burst will typically last a few seconds.
There are two types of microbursts: Pay attention to high wind advisories and high wind warnings Any fs in need of hurricane help by the National Weather Service. A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather that can be hazardous to your health. Sometimes it involves the combination hurrivane heat and humidity, which causes the air to become oppressive and stifling.
Heat waves are relative to the normal climate in a particular location.Nude Women In Canada Ks
There is no universal definition of heat wave; it is not linked to an exact temperature. Heat Any fs in need of hurricane help can cause officials to issue weather alerts for personal safety. A heat advisory is issued when high temperatures, or the combination of heat and humidity, are expected to become an inconvenience for much of the population and a problem for sensitive individuals.
A heat Hot Girl Hookup MD Chesapeake city 21915 is issued when the weather conditions are expected to be dangerous for a large portion of the population. From blizzards and snow showers to freezing rain and sleet, the weather impact that winter storms bring can be both beautiful and deadly.
Winter storms also can be deceiving. Even a small amount of precipitation can cause problems, especially in areas where snow is an unusual occurrence. Many fatalities from car accidents occur as a result of slippery roads.
Downed trees and power outages can also be caused by ice storms or by heavy wet snow. Although many roads will have clear sections exposed to sunlight, all National Forest roads will have icy sections due to shading and these surface conditions change with no Any fs in need of hurricane help. Motorists must use common sense on all roads and try to avoid unnecessary travel when the weather causes treacherous driving conditions. Frostbite causes a loss of feeling and color in affected areas.
It most often affects the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers, or toes.
Frostbite can permanently damage the body, and severe sf can lead to amputation. The risk of frostbite is increased in people with reduced blood circulation and hurrixane people who are not dressed properly for extremely cold temperatures. At the first signs of redness or pain in any skin area, get out of the cold or protect any exposed skin as this is an indicator of frostbite. A hurrocane is often unaware of frostbite until someone else points it out because the frozen Ladies looking nsa AL Valley 36854 are numb.
Any of the following signs may indicate frostbite: If 1 there is frostbite but no sign of hypothermia and 2 immediate medical care is not available, proceed as follows:. When exposed to cold temperatures, your body begins to lose heat faster hjrricane it can be produced. The result is hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature. Body temperature that is too low affects the brain, making the victim unable to think clearly or move well.
Victims of hypothermia are often 1 elderly people with inadequate food, Any fs in need of hurricane help, or heating; 2 babies sleeping in cold bedrooms; 3 people who remain outdoors for long periods—the homeless, hikers, hunters, etc.
If medical care is not available, begin warming the person, as follows:. Hail is precipitation in ned form of a chunk of ice that can fall from a cu-mulonimbus cloud. Usually associated with multicell, supercell and cold front induced squall line Any fs in need of hurricane help, most hail falls from the central region of a cloud in a severe storm.
Hail begins as tiny ice pellets that collide with waterdroplets. Theoptimum freezing level for theformation of hail is from 8, to 10, feet.
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Thewater droplets attach themselves to the ice pellets and begin to freeze as strong updraft winds toss the pellets and droplets back up into the colder regions of the upper levels of the cloud. As the attached drop-lets freeze, the pellets become larger. Both gravity and downdraft thunderstorm winds pull the pellets back down, where they encounter more droplets that attach and freeze as the pellets are thrown to the ground.
Skip to main content. Site Map. Safety Checklist download Know your area's flood risks. Monitor the Women looking sex Brownsboro Village weather radio all hazards bulletins, or your local Any fs in need of hurricane help stations for vital weather hurrican. Stay alert for heavy rain, nred and lightning at your location and upstream. Watch for hlep water and listen for rushing water. Climb to higher ground if water starts to rise.
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Leave low-lying areas immediately. Don't try to outrun a flash flood in your car. Cars can be death traps. Avoid areas already flooded. Do not attempt to cross a road covered with water, even a few inches. Don't try to swim to safety in a flood. Wait for rescuers. Be especially cautious at nightwhen it is harder to recognize and respond to danger.
When rain is forecasted, do not camp or Any fs in need of hurricane help your vehicle along streams, rivers, or low-lying areas.


Bonaire’s Climate and Weather Overview
No matter what time of year you visit Bonaire, the tropical climate remains consistent. The island is typically warm and humid, with a constant eastward wind blowing throughout most of the year, except for September and October when the wind tends to reduce. Bonaire experiences both a dry and wet season, with the wet season occurring between October and December, and the dry season between January and September.
Temperature and Sun Protection
The average temperature on the island hovers around 85 degrees Fahrenheit or 29 degrees Celsius, with ocean temperatures ranging from 78 degrees Fahrenheit or 25 degrees Celsius in February to 86 degrees Fahrenheit or 30 degrees Celsius in October. While a short wetsuit is sufficient for most diving activities, it’s important to protect your skin from the intense sun exposure. As the island lies near the equator, it’s advisable to always wear sun protection. “Reef-safe” sunscreen is recommended to protect the coral reef, along with hats and rash guards.


What are the effects of air pollution below are a few key effects of air pollution the last page on factsheet has some specific air pollution incidents that are worth checking out acidification: chemical reactions involving air pollutants can create acidic compounds which can cause harm to vegetation and buildings. Air pollution greatly effects human health with mainly the respiratory and cardiovascular system suffering. Even healthy people can experience health impacts from polluted air including respiratory irritation or breathing difficulties during exercise or outdoor activities your actual risk of adverse effects depends on your current health status, the pollutant type and concentration, and the length of your exposure to the polluted air. . The whole world needs to know about pollution and take steps to reduce it, because the negative effects of pollution are serious and potentially fatal all types of pollution are detrimental to human health and wildlife and contribute to climate change, which puts the entire planet in danger knowledge is. A toxic particle found in polluted urban areas can infiltrate the brain, potentially contributing to degenerative diseases like alzheimer's, according to new research the study, published in the journal proceedings of the national academy of sciences, adds to growing evidence showing how even low levels. Overview the physical effects of pollution are manifold pollution, in its many forms, can have immediate and long-terms effects on your body's systems and your overall health exposure to pollution also affects your quality of life, and can increase your risk of certain chronic diseases the physical effects of. Pollution is the contaminants into the natural environment which causes adverse change and can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light pollution effects is an open access omics group journal which is named as journal of pollution effects & control pollutants, the components of.
David shukman examines the effect that air pollution has on our bodies. Pollution, causes and effects: pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the natural surroundings which brings about changes that affect our normal lifestyles adversely pollutants are the key elements or components of pollution which are generally waste materials of different forms. If you don't think pollution affects your life or are unsure just how, the best place to start is with your drinking water pollution of drinking water causes many deaths and much illness among urban residents all over the world particularly in developing countries, urban water supplies are often fouled with wastes, and clean. J physiol anthropol 2006 jan25(1):103-12 effects of pollution on human growth and development: an introduction schell lm(1), gallo mv, denham m, ravenscroft j author information: (1)university at albany, albany, ny 12222, usa [email protected] pollution is a worldwide problem and its potential to influence the.
The most obvious effect of pollution is on the environment greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, contribute to climate change, which causes sea level to rise, drought, stronger storms, hotter temperatures, and decreased snowpack climate change alone has irreversibly altered the. Environmental pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the surroundings which brings about changes that affect our normal lifestyles adversely pollutants are the key elements or components of pollution which are generally waste materials of different forms pollution disturbs our ecosystem and the. Causes, effects and solutions of environmental pollution: pollution is the contamination of the environment by introduction of contaminants that cause damage to environment and harm or discomfort to humans or other living species.
The borderless nature of atmosphere and oceans inevitably resulted in the implication of pollution on a planetary level with the issue of global warming most recently the term persistent organic pollutant (pop) has come to describe a group of chemicals such as pbdes and pfcs among others though their effects remain. Water pollution can also severely affect marine life for example, sewage causes pathogens to grow, while organic and inorganic compounds in water can change the composition of the precious resource according to the epa, low levels of dissolved oxygen in the water are also considered a pollutant. Environmental pollution is one of the greatest problems that the world is facing today causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth, damaged atmosphere and depleted ozone layer leading to global warming environmental pollution consists of five basic types of pollution, namely, air, water, soil, noise and light. Since we share everything on earth with every living thing on the planet, what happens in one area affects everything too, no matter how far away pollution or the introduction of different forms of waste materials in our environment has negative effects to the ecosystem we rely on there are many kinds of.
Smog hanging over cities is the most familiar and obvious form of air pollution but there are different kinds of pollution—some visible, some invisible—that contribute to global warming generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the. Look at any ecosystem and there could be multiple forms of contamination— streams full of toxic chemicals from industrial processes, rivers overloaded with nutrients from farms, trash blowing away from landfills, city skies covered in smog even landscapes that appear pristine can experience the effects of pollution sources.
With new who data shedding light on the severity of the problem, we want to hear from readers across the globe on their experiences of air pollution. How does air pollution affect humans air pollution damages multiple organs and functions of the human body discover it in this infographic.
Nowadays, pollution is a major environmental concern—but it can also be bad for our skin in this post, learn about the effects of air pollution and how to protect your complexion from it most people are aware of the potentially damaging impact that air pollution has on our health less clear, however, is how. Air pollution and food production there is a two way relationship between food production and air pollution: food production contributes significantly to air pollution in turn, air pollution can impact food production agriculture is the single largest contributor of ammonia pollution as well as emitting other nitrogen compounds. Cite this chapter copy to clipboard yelda aydın türk and mustafa kavraz ( august 29th 2011) air pollutants and its effects on human healthy: the case of the city of trabzon, advanced topics in environmental health and air pollution case studies anca moldoveanu, intechopen, doi: 105772/20016 available from.
Study the effect of pollution on an ecosystem an ecosystem is a self-contained, dynamic system made of a population of species in its physical environment this concept is used to study the complex interactions between the organisms - plants , animals, bacteria, and fungi - that make up the community there are many. What is air pollution air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole the clean air act authorizes the us environmental protection agency (epa) to protect public health by regulating the emissions of these harmful air pollutants. Everyone can be affected by air pollution especially when exposed over prolonged periods of time however, some groups of people may be more susceptible than others in regards to exposure to air pollution different pollutants may affect these groups differently for example, several of the pollutants. Air pollution damages materials, but it has changed dramatically in the past century, with a reduction in the concentration of corrosive primary pollutants in urban atmospheres at the same time, architectural styles and types of materials have changed, as we have moved to more organically rich, photochemically active.


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It was published in the journal Science Advances Stady According to them, the chemicals will be used to dry the stratosphere, where water vapor acts as a greenhouse gas. Water vapor in the stratosphere absorbs heat reflected from the Earth's surface, but unfortunately it also radiates most of it back. According to researchers, rising temperatures can be mitigated by drought.
They are found in the atmosphere of our planet We would need to remove about three percent of the water vapor to feel a global effect – As the study confirms, there are no negatives or side effects to worry about from this procedure. According to the plans, ice nucleation particles will be sent into the stratosphere, turning water vapor into ice. Of course, there are risks, because if the seeds are sown in the wrong place, they can lead to the formation of clouds that further increase the temperature.
Parachute, or now just penetrating the stratosphere.'>


Summary and keywords air pollution has been a major threat to human health, ecosystems, and agricultural crops ever since the onset of widespread use of fossil fuel combustion and emissions of harmful substances into ambient air as a basis for the development, implementation, and compliance assessment of air. That air pollution might cause 30% of all strokes, and thus might be one of the leading contributors of the global stroke burden, was highlighted in an analysis of air pollution cannot be arrived at from current knowledge, given the broader health issues, implementation of policies that seek to improve air pollution should be. Air pollution modeling, instead, can give a more complete deterministic description of the air quality problem, including an analysis of factors and causes (emission sources, meteorological processes, and 1 builtjes, p (2003) the problem – air pollution chapter 1 of air quality modeling – theories, methodologies. While successful in solving specific pollution problems — cause unavoidable negative environmental impacts elsewhere or in the future technology have only very limited potential in solving current and future environmental problems consequently, it research, is not an effective means of analyzing the vast natural.
In implementing the clean air act, epa gathers and synthesizes scientific information on air pollution effects, and serves as a clearinghouse of data on emissions, air quality, and air pollution controls epa scientists and technical experts conduct state-of-the-art analyses of air pollution problems and policies. Air quality index is one of the most common term used for checking the air pollution it's a number defined by the governments. Visual analysis of the air pollution problem in hong kong huamin qu, wing-yi chan, anbang xu kai-lun chung, kai-hon lau, and ping guo the hong kong university of science and technology beijing normal university ieee visualization 2007 october 30, 2007, sacramento, ca, usa. Munich personal repec archive computational analysis of source receptor air pollution problems george halkos and kyriaki tsilika department of economics, university of thessaly 2017 online at mpra paper no 77305, posted 5 march 2017 23:39 utc.
Time series and predictability analysis of air pollutants in delhi abstract: air pollution is a challenging problem globally and the complete globe is facing the hazards caused by it in the recent years, it draws an attention of all as it is directly related with the health concern of an individual air pollution is a big concern for. Executive summary it's only fair that all minnesotans live in conditions that support a healthy and fulfilling life one important part of this is living in an environment with clean air the goal of this report by the minnesota pollution control agency (mpca) and minnesota department of health (mdh) is to inform decisions on. 10 air pollution: a global problem 11 a brief history of air pollution 111 the meuse valley fog 112 the donora, pennsylvania, poisonous cloud 113 the great london smog 12 recent history of air pollution epidemiology and public health analysis 121 new research and understanding 122 what is the current. Pollution depends on many natural and human factors the variation of pollutant and weather changes modify the concentration of pollutant in time and space in fact, this is not only a local problem, but a regional and even global influence is highlighted people who moved from the countryside to the cities made the air.
Analysis of air pollution mortality in terms of life expectancy changes: relation between time series, intervention, and cohort studies of pm10 found in the analysis of the nmmaps data for 90 cities in the usa, as recently revised to correct for the gam problem  it is δrr(0) = 00021 for the glm version. Breakthrough technologies can solve environmental problems from uneven offers a method for data to formal ontology means a true meaning and lack of ambiguity to allow us to portray memo in this work we survey regression model for ontologies and air pollution keywords—ontologies air pollution analysis regression.
While these problems are not unique to india, india is particularly badly affected by air pollution, and the situation there is made worse by large sectors of the recognising that political dimensions to the wider problems of pollution lie outside the scope of our analysis, we argue that globally, hcps can adopt a moral. Iii abstract zu, guo, ms, may 2015, journalism framing pollution: an analysis of the coverage of air pollution in china in 2013 by chinadailycom director of thesis: kevin grieves air pollution has become a serious problem of the chinese government in recent years in 2013, the pollution level hit a historic high. Volume xlii number 2 economic analysis of air pollutiont by delbert c ogden i air pollution as a social problem can be analyzed within the theoretical and conceptual framework of welfare economics welfare economics provides a theoretical formulation of how a pri- vate competitive economy solves.
Pollution monitoring can provide an important aid in the choice of the strategy to control the level of some dangerous elements, whether in water or in the air from the theoretical point of view, the use of simplified models, coupled with classical regularization techniques, shows that, in general, the problem is badly posed. Poor outdoor air quality is likely to have a negative impact on your job performance, even if you work indoors at a desk, according to a new working paper from researchers at germany's leibniz university and the columbia business school.
Division of data, research and policy december 2017 danger in the air: how air pollution can affect brain development in young children designed to examine the latest evidence, provide insight, and stimulate discussion on issues that matter to children new unicef analysis focusing on very young children finds. Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into earth's atmosphere it may cause diseases, allergies and also death of humans it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may. Our system was used to analyze the air pollution problem in hong kong and some interesting patterns have been found index terms—weather data visualization, polar system, parallel coordinates, air pollution, visual analytics ✦ 1 introduction the rapid deterioration of the air quality in hong kong. More and more cities are facing the pm10 pollution problem data analysis: cse air pollution increases disease burden in november 2017, when the pollution levels in delhi hit the roof, the indian medical association (ima) declared a “ public health emergency” and rightly so, even as the government.


Role of Weather in Wildfires
Weather plays a major role in the birth, growth and ability to control a wildfire. Drought leads to extremely favorable conditions for wildfires, and winds aid a wildfire’s progress — weather can spur the fire to move faster and engulf more land and homes. Wind can also make the job of fighting the fire even more difficult. There are three weather ingredients that can affect wildfires:
• Air Temperature
Air temperature has a direct influence on fire behavior because of the heat requirements for ignition and continuing the combustion process. This heat warms up the surface of the earth, and the atmosphere close to the surface is in turn warmed by heat reflecting from the surface. For this reason, wildfires tend to rage in the afternoon, when temperatures are at their hottest.
Forest fuels, which include homes in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), receive heat by radiation from the sun, and less heat is required for ignition. The differential heating of the earth’s surface is the driving force behind most of the influences on the atmosphere. When sunlight strikes a solid object such as trees, grass or your home, the fuel is warmed. The surface absorbs some of the heat and reflects some in long-wave radiation that is absorbed by the water vapor in the air, thus raising its temperature as well.
Fuel temperatures also affect a wildfire’s rate of spread. Warm fuels will ignite and burn faster because less heat energy is used to raise the fuels to their ignition temperature. Fuels exposed to sunlight will be warmer than the fuels in shade. They will also be drier. Look to the foothills immediately west of Ken-Caryl to recognize this effect. The fuels on the north-facing exposure are cooler. A hike up Massey Draw on a hot day provides an immediate lesson on the cooling effects of the shaded areas.
Fires also burn more intensely in the afternoon. The temperature is the highest at that time resulting in higher fuel temperatures. Consequently, less heat is needed to raise the fuel to its ignition temperature. At the same time, rising temperatures result in decreasing relative humidity and fuel moisture.
Wind has a strong effect on fire behavior due to the fanning effect on the fire. Wind can change direction and intensity throughout the day. Abrupt changes generally occur during the afternoon when atmospheric conditions are most unstable, further increasing safety risks associated with wildfire.
Wind is important to homeowners and firefighters alike because of three influences it has on fire behavior:
• Supplying oxygen for the combustion process.
• Reducing fuel moisture by increasing evaporation.
• Exerting pressure to physically move the fire and heat produced closer to fuel in the path of the fire and carrying burning embers, firebrands, ahead of the fire.
Wind increases the supply of oxygen, which results in the fire burning more rapidly. It also removes the surface fuel moisture, which increases the drying of the fuel. Air pressure will push flames, sparks and firebrands into new fuel. By pushing the flames closer to the fuel in front of the fire, the fuel is preheated quicker because of the increased radiant heat. More of the fuel becomes available for combustion since it is drier and can reach ignition temperature quicker.
Wind may cause the fire to crown into the top of the trees and to jump barriers that would normally stop a fire. Wind can carry sparks and firebrands ahead of the main fire. Wind generally increases evaporation from damp surfaces by carrying away moist air and bringing in drier air. The major fires in Colorado in 2012 – Waldo Canyon and High Park – were driven by extreme winds.
Relative humidity (moisture) is the ratio of the amount of moisture in the air (in the form of water vapor) compared to the amount that the air can hold at the same temperature and pressure if it were saturated. A relative humidity of 95 percent (not often seen in Colorado) indicates that the air is nearly saturated with almost all of the water vapor it can hold. The air is much drier when the relative humidity is 30 percent, as compared to 100 percent.
Moisture is exchanged between the air and nearby objects, including dead and live fuels. For example, at low relative humidity the moisture moves out of fuels to the air, and thus, drying occurs. At high relative humidity the dead fuels retain most moisture, i.e., less moisture moves out of the fuel into the air. When a fuel has more moisture, it is harder to ignite and burn. The dry climate of Colorado can dry out fuels on hot, windy days to the level of kiln-dried lumber purchased at a lumber yard.
The relative humidity of the air changes faster than an entire fuel particle can exchange moisture with the air. Fine fuels (such as grasses) can experience significant changes in moisture levels within an hour or two of large changes in relative humidity, whereas coarse fuels (large trees) require longer exposure to change moisture levels.
This article appeared in the June 15, 2016 issue of Life at Ken-Caryl.


Professor Phil Jones, whose raw data is crucial to the theory of climate change, has admitted that for the past 15 years there has been no "statistically significant" global warming.
Jones told the BBC that the recent warming trend that began in 1975 is not at all different than two other planetary warming phases since 1850, that there has been no statistically significant warming since 1995, and that it is possible the Medieval Warm Period was indeed a global phenomenon thereby making the temperatures seen in the latter part of the 20th century by no means unprecedented. He also said that the cooling trend since 2002 is also not statistically significant.
Given his core position in what global warming alarmists are now forced to refer to as "climage change" (it's hard to argue for global warming when everyone is freezing), you have to wonder when the whole scam will just fall apart. Maybe it's time for those environmental litigation groups to get sued themselves, for using false science to push their agendas. That would be after we all get done shoveling ourselves out of the snow.


Karachi Weather Report: 35 Degrees in the City
According to the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), Karachi’s current temperature is 35 degrees.
Nevertheless, it feels like 38 degrees outside. The Met department also reported that the air was 41% humid and that winds from the southwest were still blowing at a pace of 20 KPH.
PMD had projected earlier today that starting tomorrow, temperatures will probably rise over much of the nation.
The Met Office predicted that the country’s southern areas will continue to experience heat.
From May 10 to May 13, temperatures in Pakistan’s southern regions are expected to rise.
In Balochistan, Southern Punjab, and Sindh, there is a chance that daytime temperatures would rise by three to five degrees, according to the forecasting division.
According to the PMD, temperatures would climb by two to three degrees in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, upper and central Punjab, and Islamabad.
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan temperatures are expected to continue two to three degrees above average, according to the weather forecasting agency.
Karachi was reportedly experiencing hot and muggy weather the day before, according to PMD.
According to the predicting department, Karachi’s temperature was 35 degrees, but it felt like it was 39 degrees outside.
According to the PMD, the relative humidity was 64%, and winds in the port city were forecast to gust between 20 and 27 KPH.
In contrast to Sindh’s prognosis, which featured heat and dryness in the air, PMD had earlier forecasted that Karachi’s weather would be hot and muggy for the following three days.
The port city’s winds were expected to blow out of the west and southwest at this time, according to the Met Department.


Explore new ideas, topics, and careers. Severe Weather. This is better than the previous month since in july it receives an average of 8.8in of rainfall over 20 days. A lot of rain (rainy season) falls in the month of: May, June, July, August, September and October. We recognize our responsibility to use data and technology for good. Nickname: Save. (Weather station: Liberia/Tomas Guard, Costa Rica). Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The weather in august in Liberia (Guanacaste) is wet (with 8.7in of precipitation over 21 days). See the latest Costa Rica enhanced weather satellite map, including areas of cloud cover. Need help? Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica 10-Day Weather Forecast, Daniel Oduber Quiros International Airport. Close. 77 ... World’s Leading Weather Provider We share our forecast with people and businesses worldwide. Stay home if you’re sick - Call before you get medical care. Use escape to clear. Find the most current and reliable 7 day weather forecasts, storm alerts, reports and information for [city] with The Weather Network. 10.63 °N, 85.43 °W Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Weather Calendar star_ratehome. We will review the data in question. Volunteer for Clinical Research - Participants are needed to help find vaccines and treatments for COVID through clinical trials. To see the daily forecast, scroll to the table below. Here are some average weather facts we collected from our historical climate data: On average, the temperatures are always high. Stay away from others - As much as possible, you should stay in a specific “sick room” and away from other people in your home. Find a forecast. no moonlight, or other lights). Current weather in Liberia and forecast for today, tomorrow, and next 14 days Thank you for reporting this station. Get the historical monthly weather forecast for Liberia, CR ... Liberia, Costa Rica . ... PointCast weather info as close as 1km/0.6 miles. In Liberia, the wet season is oppressive and overcast; the dry season is muggy, windy, and partly cloudy; and it is hot year round. In December, the average temperature is 24.7 °C | 76.5 °F. © Copyright TWC Product and Technology LLC 2014, 2020. The ineractive map makes it easy to navitgate around the globe. for Liberia, Guanacaste Weather conditions with updates on temperature, humidity, wind speed, snow, pressure, etc. May weather forecast for Liberia, Costa Rica. Averages are for Liberia/Tomas Guard, which is 8 miles from Liberia. Liberia weather in January 2021. The Weather Channel makes every effort to provide the most up-to-date and accurate data available and uses quality assurance procedures to minimize and correct errors. Liberia, Costa Rica Weather 14 Day Trend. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Liberia area. Historical Weather. © Copyright TWC Product and Technology LLC 2014, 2020. Who Decides Who Gets the COVID Vaccine FIrst? Be sure to get care if you feel worse or you think it is an emergency. The first option will be automatically selected. The chatbot utilizes approved content from the CDC and WHO. The Weather Channel has compiled data provided by multiple third party sources including the World Health Organization, state and local agencies and other public sources as outlined below. Interactive weather map allows you to pan and zoom to get unmatched weather details in your local neighbourhood or half a world away from The Weather Channel and Weather.com Use my current location. 5 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1010 mb. Get the monthly weather forecast for Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. Liberia, Costa Rica visibility is going to be around 8 km i.e. Take control of your data. May, the last month of the spring, is another tropical month, with average temperature ranging between max 33.9°C (93°F) and min 23.4°C (74.1°F). Liberia (Costa Rica) - Weather forecast from Theweather.com. The weather in september in Liberia (Guanacaste) is wet (with 11.5in of precipitation over 27 days). Donate to the WHO - Support WHO’s work to get frontline workers essential supplies and accelerate development efforts for vaccines and treatments. The wettest month is September with an average of 264.4mm of rain. Type at least three characters to start auto complete. Fauci: Expect Post-Thanksgiving 'Surge Upon a Surge', Lockdown Saves Popular Tourist Spot in Hawaii, Word of the Year Isn't Coronavirus, But Close, Cold Weather Doesn't GIve You a Cold, or COVID-19, Lockdowns Don't Keep Greenhouse Gas Levels From Soaring, Panic-Buying Again? Get Involved - Volunteerism has reduced by more than half after COVID began its widespread incidence in the US, according to the COVID Impact Survey. We recognize our responsibility to use data and technology for good. The average sunshine in May is 6.6h. Incidents information is provided by USAFacts.org.To populate our Interactive Incidents Map, Watson AI looks for the latest and most up-to- date information. Search for a place, autocomplete also includes a 'Use my location' option and your recent locations Search. Here is your temperature trend for the next 14 Days. Other Promising Initiatives - Learn more about the resources deployed by IBM to confront COVID-19. Liberia, Costa Rica: Annual Weather Averages April is the hottest month in Liberia with an average temperature of 28.9°C (84°F) and the coldest is December at 26.6°C (80°F) . Interactive enhanced satellite map for Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Weather Today in Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Get current weather conditions and regional weather summaries. Recent places. Be prepared with the most accurate 10-day forecast for Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica with highs, lows, chance of precipitation from The Weather Channel and Weather.com Clean and disinfect - This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks. Recovered from COVID-19? Check out our current live radar and weather forecasts for Liberia, Guanacaste, CR to help plan your day The time of Civil Sunset minus the time of Civil Sunrise. The change in length of daylight between today and tomorrow is also listed when available. It is a major center for the country's tourism industry. Liberia Weather by month // weather averages Access hourly, 10 day and 15 day forecasts along with up to the minute reports and videos from AccuWeather.com It's built on the IBM Watson Ads Builder platform, which utilizes Watson Natural Language Understanding, and proprietary, natural- language-generation technology. The time period when the sun is no more than 6 degrees below the horizon at either sunrise or sunset. Liberia Weather Forecasts. Better weather drives better decisions. Forecast days. Our COVID Q&A with Watson is an AI-powered chatbot that addresses consumers' questions and concerns about COVID-19. Average Weather in Liberia Costa Rica. Sign In. Liberia weather in March 2021. The horizon should be clearly defined and the brightest stars should be visible under good atmospheric conditions (i.e. Liberia average temperature. Annual Weather Averages Near Liberia. The sun does not contribute to the illumination of the sky before this time in the morning, or after this time in the evening. Lifestyle. Get the latest coronavirus (COVID-19) updates for Costa Rica with current travel advice, statistics and online resources. The time period when the sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon at either sunrise or sunset. Please send any inquiries about the data presented here to firstname.lastname@example.org. IBM Skills - Free digital learning tools. Get the Costa Rica weather forecast. During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, The Weather Channel is providing this data as a service to our users. The climate is very hot in that locality the month of august. Wash your hands - Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. Latest COVID-19 coronavirus data and map for Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Coronavirus Information - Safety Updates, News and Tips - The Weather Channel | Weather… Recently searched locations will be displayed if there is no search query. These sources update and report data on various regular and irregular schedules, so from time to time there may be discrepancies between data reported here and data reported by individual sources. The time of Actual Sunset minus the time of Actual Sunrise. Looking for ways to cope with stress? The weather is worst than the previous month since in august there is an average of 8.7in of rainfall over 21 days. You are about to report this weather station for bad data. star. see more news. Retailers Say There’s No Need, Vaccine Won't Mean You Can Ditch Your Mask, Imagine Returning to a World Stricken With COVID-19, Disturbing Proof That Coronavirus Lingers Indoors, The Places You’re Most Likely to Get Coronavirus, Coronavirus Myths That Could Harm Your Family, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 Things to Include in Your Shopping Cart, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Français, State of Vatican City (Holy See) | Italiano, COVID Impact Survey, conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago for the Data Foundation. Currently: 75 °F. Providing you with color coded visuals of areas with cloud cover. Visit CDC for resources. - Your convalescent plasma could help save lives. Weather in March » Liberia has dry periods in January, February and March. . Find opportunities near you. Learn more. News & Blogs. Hi/Low, RealFeel®, precip, radar, & everything you need to be ready for the day, commute, and weekend! Take control of your data. Liberia Weather Forecasts. Weather.com brings you the most accurate monthly weather forecast for with average/record and high/low temperatures, precipitation and more. Ordinary outdoor activities are not possible at this time without extra illumination. - Mental Health represents a national challenge, 37% report feeling hopeless 1+ days a week according. The first month of the spring, March, is a sweltering month in Liberia, Costa Rica, with temperature in the range of an average high of 35.4°C (95.7°F) and an average low of 21.6°C (70.9°F).In March, the average high-temperature is relatively the same as in February - a torrid 35.4°C (95.7°F). Costa Rica 15-day weather forecasts for more than 60 destinations. Today. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Liberia area. The horizon is well defined and the outline of objects might be visible without artificial light. Wear a mask - 78% of COVID Impact Survey respondents report that they have been wearing face masks in public, as recommended by the CDC. Want to know what the weather is now? Use up and down arrows to change selection. The time period when the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon at either sunrise or sunset. The warmest month of the year is April, with an average temperature of 27.4 °C | 81.3 °F. Please choose your location from the nearest places to : Suggested places. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. Please select the information that is incorrect. For guidance on face coverings, visit the CDC. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 75°F to 96°F and is rarely below 71°F or above 99°F. The climate is very hot there in september. Passing clouds. See more current weather × The best time of year to visit Liberia in Costa Rica. In the beginning of morning astronomical twilight and at the end of astronomical twilight in the evening, sky illumination is very faint, and might be undetectable. ... Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Monthly Weather. The daytime temperature is going to reach 27 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 23 °c at night. Mobile Apps. One still should be able to carry on ordinary outdoor activities. Based on weather reports collected during 1985–2015. Liberia (Spanish pronunciation: [li.ˈβe.ɾja]) is a district and the largest city in the Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica, located 215 kilometres (134 mi) northwest of the national capital, San José, in the canton with the same name, of which it is the head city or capital.. Liberia (Costa Rica) weather. To understand and extract the information necessary to feed the maps, we use Watson Natural Language Understanding for extracting insights from natural language text and Watson Discovery for extracting insights from PDFs, HTML, tables, images and more.COVID Impact Survey, conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago for the Data Foundation. Airport Forecast for Liberia, CR ... Liberia, Costa Rica . Get the latest coronavirus (COVID-19) updates for Costa Rica with current travel advice, statistics and online resources. Avoid close contact - Put distance between yourself and other people. Months with the highest UV index are February through October, with an average maximum UV index of 12.
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In line with the warming of the global climate over the past 100 years, the climate of the UK has changed.
In central England, 14 of the 24 warmest years between 1659 and 2008 have occurred after 1988.
Predictions about how big the future change in our climate will be are uncertain but climate scientists are confident about the direction of the change – the Earth will become warmer.
In September 2009, the UK Met Office and UK Climate Impacts Programme provided a set of predictions for the climate of the UK over the coming century — the UKCP09 projections — which include an assessment of uncertainty.
Given a 'medium' estimate of greenhouse gas emissions for the 21st century, at a 50 per cent probability level the projections for UK climate change are:
These points highlight that the impacts will be felt across the whole of the UK, but that the changes will be greatest in the south, where most of the people in the UK live, and where there is the greatest demand for water.
Most of the people living in south-east England are supplied with water that is stored underground as groundwater within water-bearing rocks called aquifers.
In the south-east of England up to 70 per cent of public water supply is derived by pumping groundwater from the Chalk aquifer.
The amount of groundwater that can be pumped out of aquifers is controlled by government regulatory bodies but ultimately limited by how rapidly it is replenished.
The rate at which groundwater is topped up depends on the balance between rainfall, evaporation of water from the land, transpiration from plants, runoff to rivers and recharge to groundwater.
As the UK climate becomes warmer, evaporation and transpiration by plants will increase and this is likely to result in a reduction in recharge and an increase in stress on our groundwater resources.
Of course there are many uncertainties. We cannot know for sure how people will respond to the challenge of climate change and therefore how quickly the rate of emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere might change.
Current global climate model predictions are based on a range of emissions scenarios developed by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the late 1990s.
These scenarios encapsulate different global economic futures and are inherently uncertain.
Unfortunately, according to a study published by Raupach et al., 2007 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, since 2000, global emissions have increased even faster than the most fossil-fuel intensive of these scenarios.
Predictions of change are also uncertain because computer models are used tosimulate the global climate and these are not, and never will be, perfect.
For example current global climate models do not simulate patterns of rainfall very well.
For this reason it is difficult to be confident about predictions of change in the magnitude and frequency of hydrological extremes – droughts and floods – at the river catchment scale.
Climate models do, however, suggest with some degree of certainty that the hydrological cycle will intensify and so we can expect hotter drier summers with more severe droughts and warmer wetter winters with more severe floods.
During the winter of 2001 severe flooding affected large parts of south-east England and northern France.
These floods were ‘unusual’, because they were caused by groundwater issuing from beneath the land surface rather than heavy rainfall causing rivers to swell and break their banks.
They were exceptional because they lasted for many weeks in parts of southern England and for a number of months in parts of the Somme Valley in France.
Unlike surface water flood events driven by shorter duration intense rainfall, the 2001 groundwater floods were driven by a prolonged period of above average rainfall.
The projections of change in the global climate from a range of climate models suggest that we should expect events such as the groundwater floods of 2001 or the drought of 1976 to become more common and more severe.
Longer droughts will not only place more stress on our water supply system but also on the aquatic environment.
There is no doubt that there is an urgent need to change our collective behaviour in order to mitigate the worst effects of climate change but it is also apparent that we will have to adapt to a changing climate and changing weather patterns.
All forms of water supply, including groundwater, will become more precious.
More information about BGS Groundwater science


At 6:45 pm, on June 20, 1957, the first category F5 tornado ever recorded struck Fargo, between downtown and the campus of the North Dakota Agricultural College (now NDSU). Five tornadoes struck the region that evening, the worst and most damaging being the one that struck north Fargo. The path of destruction in Fargo was nine miles long and up to 700 ft. wide in the Golden Ridge neighborhood to the west.
Ten people died, including six children from a single family, and more that 1000 homes and buildings damaged, including many on the college campus. The total path of the tornado was over 57 miles long and debris was found as far away as Becker County in Minnesota.
The Fargo tornado became the most photographed tornado up to that time and provided scientists with an opportunity to understand tornadoes in a way they hadn’t been able to before. Through analysis of photographs of the Fargo storm, Dr. Ted Fujita (inventor of the Fujita Scale for measuring the strength of tornadoes) introduced concepts of thunderstorm architecture and terms like “wall cloud” and “tail cloud”.
News video of the tornado
Photos from the NDSU Archives
Video of the aftermath