As reported yesterday, Nancy Pelosi and a delegation of House Democrats are touring Europe to discuss the climate:
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is on an overseas trip to embrace an audience and a topic for which President Bush has shown scant affection: "Old Europe" and global warming.
Pelosi, D-Calif., and seven other House members left Saturday for meetings with scientists and politicians in Greenland, Germany and Belgium on ways to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
The trip comes shortly before a climate change summit next month involving the leading industrialized nations and during a time of increased debate over what should succeed the Kyoto Protocol, a 1997 international treaty that caps the amount of carbon dioxide that can be emitted from power plants and factories in industrialized countries. It expires in 2012.


Myrtle Beach Hurricane Info
We all hope for great weather when we come to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for a vacation. If you are here for just a brief visit, you may luck out and not have to experience anything more than a passing thunderstorm or two. For those of you who are here for an extended stay or if you call the Grand Strand area home, you may experience a possible visit from something a little more intimidating than some raindrops and a few claps of thunder. From the beginning of June until the end of November, residents, snowbirds and long-term vacationers alike must ride out the Hurricane Season and the potentially high-risk storms that could approach the Carolina coastline.
Hurricanes form during this time period over warm ocean water, which is why we first hear about them forming in the tropical waters near the Bahamas, Caribbean and below the Gulf of Mexico. With these hurricanes forming that far from the Atlantic Coastline, it does give an advantage of time to see where the projected path may be, the projected intensity of the storm, and this can allow everyone to plan accordingly and evacuate if necessary.
There are 5 different categories of hurricanes. A Category 1 hurricane will sustain winds of 74-95 mph and can produce some damage. A Category 2 hurricane will have sustained winds of 96-110 mph and will cause extensive damage. A Category 3 hurricane has sustained wind speeds of 111-130 mph and can cause devastating damage. A Category 4 hurricane will have sustained winds of 131-155 mph and can result in catastrophic damage. The final category is a Category 5 hurricane which will have sustained winds greater than 155 mph and will also cause catastrophic damage. Depending on the category of the hurricane and projected path, mandatory evacuations can occur to help prevent injury and loss of life. The damage unfortunately can sometimes be unavoidable as it was for several of the Grand Strand area’s more infamous hurricanes.
One of the first recorded hurricanes in the area occurred way back in the early 1800s. The Withers family was one of the earliest settlers of the area. In 1822, a strong hurricane came and blew their house into the ocean, claiming the lives of 18 people inside. On October 15, 1954, Hurricane Hazel made landfall on the border between South Carolina and North Carolina as a Category 4 hurricane. Almost 80% of all waterfront dwellings were destroyed during this hurricane and many low-lying barrier islands were completely flooded. This hurricane was particularly devastating and infamous in that the official report from the area Weather Bureau stated “all traces of civilization on the immediate waterfront between the state line and Cape Fear were practically annihilated.” On September 22, 1989, another Category 4 hurricane made landfall in South Carolina by the name of Hurricane Hugo This hurricane claimed the lives of 27 South Carolinians and caused extensive waterfront damage, tremendous storm surges and left telephone poles askew and many feet of sand covering roadways. This storm was so severe that at one point, the Weather Bureau reported about 3,000 tornadoes embedded within the hurricane which was to blame for much of the damage.
Over the years, Myrtle Beach has seen several hurricanes come and go and has been fortunate enough to have avoided other devastating storms. The most recent hurricane that came close to Myrtle Beach was Hurricane Irene on August 23, 2011. Though Irene made landfall further up the North Carolina coast, Myrtle Beach did receive its share of tropical storm-force winds, with branches and older trees falling and some low flooding being some of the worst of the damage.
It is always good to be prepared no matter where a hurricane may hit or how severe it may or may not be. Indeed, the popular Myrtle Beach Skywheel removed its cars in preparation for Hurricane Irene so it is always better to be safe than sorry. Some of the best hurricane preparations are to make sure you have extra batteries and flashlights, non-perishable food in case the electricity goes out, a full tank of gas in your car and clean, comfortable clothes to wear. Secure any movable objects around your dwelling and be sure to board up any windows or doors. Always keep an eye and an ear on the news for any information regarding approaching storms and always heed the warnings and advice of professionals, especially if an evacuation is ordered. If you are about to come on vacation and a hurricane is predicted to arrive during your stay, contact your rental company to find out what advice and instructions they may have regarding your visit. It may be difficult to postpone a vacation but it will be much more enjoyable to come when the weather is safe and beautiful. Hurricanes are incredible forces of nature but luckily ones that do not occur very often, and the everyday weather of Myrtle Beach keeps visitors coming back year after year. Let’s hope your next vacation to Myrtle Beach will be great, memorable and storm-free!


About the Group
Group photo (May 2023)
Left to right: Yong-Cheol, Shailaja, Geoff, Yuxuan, Travis, Wei, Claudia, Tabitha, Ehsan
Changes in the atmosphere can have profound impacts on human health, climate, and the ecosystem. Our research seeks to improve understandings of atmospheric composition in a changing world, its coupled relationship with the climate system and societal choices such as energy, and the use of such understanding to improve model predictive capability and to aid in societal decision-making. To accomplish this research, we use a combination of modeling, observations, and data analysis/mining methods.
Check the Research and Publication pages to see the research topics we've worked on!
August 2023: We're hiring one post-doctoral fellows in atmospheric chemistry modeling. See the job description for more details and how to apply.
We always welcome motivated undergraduate and graduate students to join the group! Prior programming experiences are plus but not required. Please contact Dr. Yuxuan Wang (firstname.lastname@example.org) if you're interested.
Dr. Yuxuan Wang specializes in modeling and data analysis. Her research interests encompass many areas of atmospheric science, with a focus on atmospheric chemistry, extreme events, and climate. She is author of more than 60 peer-reviewed publications.
Ph.D. in Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University (Cambridge, USA), 2005
B.E. in Environmental Engineering, Tsinghua University (Beijing, China), 2000
B.E. (minor) in Computer Technology and Application, Tsinghua University, 2000


With climate scientist Michael Tobis, Plutopians discuss the current state of climate change. We look at the good, the bad, the ugly, and the terrifying aspects of our climate dilemma.
Michael Tobis: You’re just starting to get to the point where people are noticing, it’s going to get worse. It’s going to get more and more obvious. It’s going to get more and more difficult. And I would say, like, the dust storm in Springfield is not something I look out for. But droughts and – one year drought and one year flood, five years of drought and five years of flood, that’s going to be more common. And that’s what really bites, that’s what really causes a lot of disruption. So, yeah, I’m not an optimist about either side of this picture. I think it’s going to get worse, and I wish we could figure out some way to decide that we’re going to stop.


Save only this link for bookmarking since other addresses may move.
In the last third of March the maximal temperature during the day is typically between 6 and 14°C, sporadically drastic amplitudes to higher or lower temperatures are possible. At night, temperatures drop down to –2 to 6°C, temperatures down to –6°C are not uncommon. Typically, there is a very rapid alteration between sunny and cloudy, calm and windy as well as dry and wet weather including snow, graupel, hail, rain and thunderstorms. But it can also be completely different whatever this means. In summary, you should be prepared for any kind of weather with the exception of very hot temperatures. Have a look on http://www.wetteronline.de/Berlin/Berlin.htm for the weather forecast.


Rome is one of the cities that participate in iSPEX-EU 2015. We welcome you to join its local campaign and measure Rome skies from 1 September to 15 October!
Local campaign activities
The Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, part of the National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR) is leading the local campaign activities, working closely with the iSPEX team at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
How can I join?
Please visit ISAC CNR’s special website on the local campaign in Rome, providing you with all the information needed to join. You can register also directly by sending an email to email@example.com.
Follow us on twitter @ispex_eu, and the Rome campaign by #Rome.
- The Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, the National Research Council of Italy (ISAC-CNR)
- Rome local iSPEX-EU campaign website by ISAC-CNR


Saturday, September 3, 2011
Tropical Storm Lee Destin
Tropical Storm Lee reached the shore of Destin this morning, September 03 2011. Being Labor Day weekend guest heading to the coast need to know what to expect. Currently there are small bands of heavy rain that are set to strengthen later on today. Other than rain for the next day or so Tropical Storm Lee is not anticipated to adversely effect the Destin area. You can expect higher winds than normal and continued bands of rain. If you have your vacation planned to Destin the beaches are still open but the water will be off limits due to a double red flag warning. If you are staying in a Beachfront Destin Hotel be ready for a great show. Curl up on the balcony and watch the waves roll in. Tropical Storm Lee is not dangerous and other than being an inconvenience on your vacation to Destin you have nothing to worry about. Check out our site if you are looking for things to do in Destin off the beach. Although this storm may effect other coastal areas Destin is in the clear.


Welcome to the web site of KF7BWS.
My name is Wes Larson and I live in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
I am married to a lovely lady, Karyl for the past 35 years.
We have three children and six grand children.
On this site you will find items of interest to me as an Amateur Radio (HAM) Operator. This site is a work in progress. If you wish to leave me a comment please go to the “Contact” page.
Thank you and good browsing.
Temperature: 44.1°F | Humidity: 93% | Pressure: 30.32in ( Falling) | Conditions: Mostly Cloudy | Wind Direction: South | Wind Speed: 4.1mph
Saturday - Cloudy with a 20 percent chance of showers. Highs around 50. Southwest wind 5 to 10 mph.
Tonight - Cloudy. Rain likely in the evening...then a chance of rain after midnight. Lows 40 to 45. Southwest wind 5 to 10 mph. Gusts to 20 mph in the evening. Chance of rain 70 percent. Rainfall amounts less than a tenth of an inch.


Cape Town – About 3000 dwellings have been affected by flooding in a number of informal settlements across the Cape after widespread rain in the province.
Disaster Risk Management spokesperson Charlotte Powell said: “There was flooding in informal settlements in Masiphumelele in Fish Hoek, Imizamo Yethu in Hout Bay and Makhaza in Khayelitsha, where approximately 3000 dwellings have been affected.
“In Imizamo Yethu, seven dwellings were destroyed by an uprooted tree. Roofs have been damaged by strong winds in Mamre, Strand, Gugulethu and Belhar.”
The SA Weather Service has issued warnings for severe conditions that will impact the Cape Peninsula this week. Specific impacts relate to two periods of gale-force winds and heavy rainfall that may exceed 50mm in high-lying areas, as well as high seas.
Powell has also urged motorists to be vigilant on the roads. “Slow down, maintain a safe distance between cars, turn on your headlights and watch out for standing water,” she said.
Roadways were flooded in Southfield, Grassy Park, Killarney, Kraaifontein, Atlantis, Mamre, Hout Bay, Kuils River, Mitchells Plain, Macassar, Parow and Durbanville. Storm-related electricity disruptions were experienced in Plattekloof and Rylands.
“City departments are assisting the affected communities, including making alternative accommodation available, and Sassa has been informed around the need for humanitarian relief,” Powell said.
A review of the numbers for two severe cold fronts last month shows that the city’s Disaster Risk Management Centre recorded 760 incidents, ranging from blocked drains to fallen trees and flooding.
The centre co-ordinates the city’s response to incidents that impact on the safety and well-being of residents.
On Tuesday night, Powell added that power outages were being experienced in many areas due to the adverse weather conditions – Bellville, Phillip, Nyanga, Simon’s town, Bonteheuwel, Manneberg, Crawford, Milnerton , Observatory and Thornton.
Last month, it received weather warnings from the weather service on two occasions.
Severe weather fallouts reports included flooding to varying degrees; roofs damaged or blown off by strong winds, fallen trees and branches, blocked drains and power outages, among others.
Here is a look at the varied impact of the weather throughout the region on Tuesday:


The cessation of air travel has dramatically reduced particulates in the upper atmosphere. Less sunlight is being reflected back into space… Much more light is hitting our planet and warming it. The CO2 levels are still as high as they were and this is retaining more heat.
The effect on the global climate will be extraordinary. We are going to see the hottest summer on record with more super-storms, floods and natural disasters than we have ever seen. It’s just global climate science.
Be prepared for disasters in your community and the upsurgence of disease and injuries due to clean-up and support efforts.
Nature’s Rite is offering a kit of its most helpful products during these times of increased injury and disease.
The kit includes:
|3||1||Food Poisoning Relief (4-Pack)|
|5||1||Super Neti Juice|
|7||1||Back and Neck Relief|
|8||1||Digestive and Urinary Tonic|
|10||1||Healthcare Toolkit Book|


Last Week the EPA observed Air Quality Awareness Week. We nearly missed it, but there are a couple of things we learned last week that we wanted to pass along. The first thing we wanted to share was a link to a cool website called Air Now, www.airnow.gov that tracks air quality across the U.S. in real time. It’s like Doppler Radar for air quality. Today for instance you could see that Atlanta, GA is going to be a rough place for people with allergies.The map is actually tracking AQI or the EPA’s Air Quality Index which tracks for five air pollutants regulated by the EPA: ground-level ozone, particle pollution, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. There are six common air pollutants that the EPA highlights on its website if you include lead.
A major component of Air Quality Awareness week is educating people on actions they take to help improve air quality, especially on days when ozone is expected to be unhealthy. They include:
- Conserve electricity and set your air conditioner at a higher temperature.
- Choose a cleaner commute—share a ride to work or use public transportation. Combine errands and reduce trips.
- Defer use of gasoline-powered lawn and garden equipment for later in the day, or for days when the air quality is better.
- Refuel cars and trucks after dusk.
- Limit engine idling.
- Get regular engine tune ups and car maintenance checks (especially for the spark plugs).
- Avoid spilling gas and don't "top off" the tank. Replace gas tank cap tightly.
- Properly dispose of household paints, solvents and pesticides. Store these materials in airtight containers.
- Paint with a brush, not a sprayer.
- Buy low VOC paints for indoor and outdoor painting jobs.
According to the EPA, “ozone forms when two key pollutants, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) “cook in the sun.” These pollutants are precursors to ozone formation, meaning they must be present in the air for ozone to form…Weather plays a big role in the levels of ozone and particle pollution in your community. Sunlight and heat, for example, promote ozone formation. Light winds and temperature inversions both can keep pollution from dispersing. And depending on its direction, the wind can bring in more pollution – sometimes from hundreds of miles away. Geography can affect pollution levels too; mountain ranges, such as those in southern California, can prevent pollution from dispersing.”
Air Quality Awareness Week is the beginning of Asthma Awareness Month which is also observes in May. Asthma, as most everyone knows, is a growing problem affecting 1 out of every 10 school aged children. The EPA also reports that over 13 million people reported having an asthma attack last year.
They listed five steps people can take to help prevent asthma attacks:
- Take it outside. One of the most common asthma triggers in the home is second hand smoke. Until they can quit, people should smoke outside, not in their home or car.
- Play it safe. Ozone and particle pollution can cause asthma attacks. People should check the Air Quality Index (AQI) to view reports of unhealthy levels.
- Keep it clean. Dust mites are also triggers for asthma. For dust mite control, cover mattresses and pillows with allergen proof covers and wash sheets and blankets once a week in hot water.
- Stake your claim. Household pets can also trigger asthma. People should keep pets out of the bedroom and off furniture.
- Break the mold. Mold is another asthma trigger. The key to controlling mold is controlling moisture. People should wash and dry hard surfaces to prevent and remove mold, and should replace moldy ceiling tiles and carpet.
You can learn more by visiting EPA.gov.


Social media users shared a range of false claims this week. Here are the facts: A graph from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration doesn’t disprove global climate change. A class at Harvard Medical School doesn’t train students to treat transgender infants. CNN didn’t publish a story linking the collapse of Buffalo Bills’ Damar Hamlin to a COVID-19 vaccine. A video of an Austrian news presenter collapsing live on-air isn’t due to side effects from the vaccine. And a video shows a 2018 plane crash in Russia, not the recent fatal crash of a passenger plane in Nepal.
A roundup of some of the most popular but completely untrue stories and visuals of the week. None of these are legit, even though they were shared widely on social media. The Associated Press checked them out. Here are the facts:
Temperature graph misrepresented to deny climate change
CLAIM: A graph from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration displaying land and ocean temperatures over the last eight years shows that the Earth has been cooling, not warming, proving that global warming from carbon emissions is a hoax.
THE FACTS: A small portion of the graph showing only the period from 2015 and 2022 has been taken out of context to make the incorrect claim. The larger graph from which it was isolated displays temperature trends over more than 140 years, showing a dramatic upward trend. Social media users misrepresented the graph to support the erroneous claim that global temperatures are falling rather than rising, meaning global warming is “a hoax.” The graph being shared online appears to show a slight downward trend, with a note saying the overall temperature decreased 0.11 degrees Celsius during the 2015-2022 period. “The 8-year temperature time series shows the annual global mean surface temperatures for the most recent eight years,” said Jeffrey Hicke, a professor at the University of Idaho’s Department of Earth and Spatial Sciences. “It is accurate as shown, but is misleading.” That’s because while the last eight years trended slightly downward, this small period of time was greatly impacted by natural El Niño and La Niña cycles, experts explained. Zooming in on just this period does not discredit the overall upward trend of global temperatures over the past century. The full NOAA graph, which displays temperature trends from 1880 to 2022, shows a dramatic rise in global average temperatures. Hicke said the graph in its full context is “much more appropriate for assessing the influence of human activities on climate.” NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information said in a statement that although the climate is warming, it is also subject to natural variability as it is impacted by weather events such as El Niños and La Niñas. El Niños bring unusually warm temperatures across the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, while La Niñas bring unusually cool temperatures. During El Niños, global temperatures tend to be warmer than in years when La Niñas were present. In its statement, NOAA said that 2015-2016 experienced a strong El Niño, which helped boost global temperatures to record highs. But since then, about three La Niñas have helped slightly cool global temperatures. “The selected timeframe from 2016-2022 can create the appearance of a cooling trend,” the agency said, adding, “this is why when computing trends we use timescales of at least 10 years.” John Knox, a professor at the University of Georgia’s Geography Department who studies the dynamics of weather and climate, said the claim in the tweet “is a classic example of cherry-picking the end points of a time series to seemingly prove a false point.” “It’s a very short period of time, which reduces the statistical significance of claims of a trend,” he wrote in an email, adding, “The rising temperature trend over the decades is obvious.”
— Associated Press writer Sophia Tulp in New York contributed this report.
News Read More: Fact-checking claims about ‘transgender infant’ training at Harvard,


Weather and Seismic Stations
We have several weather stations located at the State Fruit Experiment Station. The first is affiliated with the National Weather Service and is located in the campus area just west of Shepard Hall. Personnel at the State Fruit Experiment Station have been recording weather for the National Weather Service NOAA for over 100 years. A Cotton Region Shelter, a historic piece, is located there along with a Fisher/Porter Gauge for precipitation, A Standard Rain Gauge, and a Maximum/Minimum Temperature System.
To the west of the campus area, in the field and research plantings, two additional weather stations and a seismic recording station are located. The AgEBB weather station (pictured below, left) tracks general weather data and the Forest Technology Systems station (pictured below, right) tracks weather data specific to fire hazard. The wind meter on the FTS station is 20 feet from the ground whereas the wind meter on the AgEbb station is about 10 feet from the ground.
A seismic recorder for earthquake detection is located just north of the Forest Technology Systems Weather Station. Dr. Robert Herrmann of St. Louis University is presently managing the project, but the project will be maintained in the future by the United States Geological Service (USGS). Information on the station is online and the real-time seismogram is also available.


Here in central Iowa, we just caught the edge of the mammoth storm which has paralyzed the Midwest. If the wind would stop blowing, we might be able to get an accurate measurement of snowfall totals, but I'm guessing we got around six inches of the white stuff, on top of the snow we already had on the ground. It's nice to freshen things up a bit. :)
Here's a photo early in the afternoon shortly after the storm began.
A little while later, you could see it starting to accumulate.
And then the wind kicked in. I wish you could see the wind in this photo.
The wind eventually became so strong that it looked like the snow was coming down sideways. You'll just have to take my word for it.


By UNIVERSITY COMMUNICATIONS
During an add-on day in conjunction with the annual Noyce Summer Summit in June, former Fort Hays State University Noyce Teacher Leaders received training on air quality initiatives thanks to a National Science Foundation grant.
The “Learning Where We Live: A Focus on Air” Workshop, held on the FHSU campus, provided air quality initiative training to math and science teachers from rural districts in Kansas. The training, facilitated by Dr. Paul Adams, FHSU GLOBE Partner Lead and Trainer and Dean of the College of Education, included air quality experts via Zoom. Dr. Kevin Czajkowski, University of Toledo, and Dr. Margaret Pippin, NASA Researcher, focused on the interconnectedness between the air we breathe and events taking place hundreds of miles away.
PM2.5 Purple Air Sensors, the first to be provided to schools in the state of Kansas, were provided to six former FHSU math and science majors who currently teach in high-need Kansas middle and high schools. Teachers included Katie Flax, Lakin Werth, Kole Clarke, Nicole Voss, and Karisma Vigerney. The sensors, located in Oakley, Colby, Ransom, Lyons, Pratt, and the FHSU campus, are used to observe particulate matter.
With the launch of the NASA TEMPO satellite on air quality scheduled for December 2022, NASA is engaging professors, teachers, and students from the U.S. to learn more about air quality issues. Sensor data collected by Noyce Teacher Leaders will be used in conjunction with the satellite mission.
During the workshop, Czajkowski and Pippin discussed how data from the Purple Air Sensors could be used to engage students in the classroom. Key to the benefits of the data is understanding how measurements are related to weather events, clouds, wildfires, and other environmental issues.
“Learning about the Earth as a system provides our teachers with the tools to enrich the world of their students as they research what is happening in their backyard,” Adams said.
“Our Noyce teachers are leaders in their schools,” Stramel said. “As math and science teachers, they have formed this special bond. I always think science and math are all around us. We don’t just do it in isolation.”
The Noyce Teacher Leaders will meet again during the fall semester to share ideas about how the sensors and the data collected have been used in their classrooms.


Air Quality Testing
Every home has to breathe. This is why ventilation is installed in attics, so air can be drawn in and expelled from a home. This process helps to keep indoor temperatures from building inside our homes, as well as contributing to purging old air from the house as new air is circulated in. Did you know, however, that this whole process starts on the ground level as air is pulled up and out through attic ventilation? If the lowest level of your home is a basement, the quality of the air in your home is directly influenced by the general health of your basement. This is why indoor air quality testing is so important, as the testing determines the health of your home.


The International Energy Agency (IEA) said that emissions have increased again after a nearly 6% decrease in global carbon emissions last year.
The IEA announced on Tuesday that the COVID-19 pandemic slowed economic activity and reduced global carbon dioxide emissions to 5.8% in 2020, but that emissions started to increase again at the end of the year and this increase could continue.
The IEA said in a report that China, the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, was the only country that experienced an increase of 0.8% or 75 million tons in emissions last year compared to 2019 levels.
In India, the world’s third largest source of emissions, emissions rose above 2019 levels since last September as economic activity increased and restrictions loosened.
Dr. “The rebound in global carbon emissions towards the end of last year is a sure warning that not enough action has been taken to accelerate clean energy transitions around the world,” said Fatih Birol. “If current expectations for a global economic recovery are confirmed this year and there are no major policy changes in the world’s largest economies, global emissions are likely to increase in 2021,” Birol added.
Primary energy demand fell 4% in 2020 as quarantine measures and other restrictions restrict industrial activity and transportation.
The IEA said this resulted in an unprecedented drop in carbon dioxide of almost 2 billion tons. This amount is equivalent to subtracting all of the European Union’s emissions from the global total.
In the global energy sector, emissions fell 3.3% last year, the biggest absolute decline in record. Despite the decline in energy demand, the growth of renewable energy generation made the biggest contribution to the decline.
The share of renewable energy in electricity generation increased from 27% in 2019 to 29% last year. Transport-related emissions, on the other hand, dropped 14% last year compared to 2019 levels.


Air Pollution Control System
Faridabad Furnace Manufacturer Pvt. Ltd. since the year 2004 it was established, it is known for the manufacture of air pollution control system all over the nation. We stand on top niche amongst the best manufacturers, suppliers, importers and exporters of the industrial needs because of which maximum number of industry based clients believe in our production. A wide range of air pollution control system is found at our outlet in a competitive market price. However, chemical and metal processing industries require this air pollution control system plant in their industrial premises for the protection of the environment.
The proper and safe emission of the smoke refined by the system is necessary, so that the atmosphere around the factory doesn’t get affected. The flora and fauna should be preserved; human life should not be hindered because of the industrial activities. Thus, premium quality pollution control system is developed by our well- trained engineers.


Eastern Newfoundland has a moderate four-season climate. The cold Labrador Current and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet on the Grand Banks in the North Atlantic just off the coast of Newfoundland.
With our location in the middle of the North Atlantic, one can experience extremes of ‘weather’ in a short period of time. In fact, locals will tell you that if you don’t like the weather, just “wait a minute, it will change”. Surprising to many is the fact that St. John’s has the third most temperate climate of all cities in Canada (behind Victoria and Vancouver). Summer days in the city and region are usually warm and we normally have ocean breeze. We seldom experience the humidity that goes with summer heat in central Canada or the north-eastern United States. Summer evenings can be cool; carrying a sweater is a good idea.
St. John’s and the Eastern region enjoy a temperate marine climate with few extremes in temperature.
April & May
The snow is disappearing and the sun is warm.
Day 0 to 15 degrees C/32 to 59 degrees F Night -5 to 0 degrees C/23 to 32 degrees F
Pleasant and sunny. A little cool for swimming.
Day 20 to 30 degrees C/50 to 68 degrees F Night 0 to 10 degrees C/32 to 50 degrees F
July & August
Enjoy your usual summer activities without the humidity.
Day 20 to 30 degrees C/68 to 86 degrees F Night 15 to 20 degrees C/59 to 68 degrees F
September & October
Pleasant daytime temperatures. Moderate to cool evenings.
Day 10 to 20 degrees C/50 to 69 degrees F Night 0 to 5 degrees C/32 to 59 degrees F
November & December
Generally cool, possibility of intermittent snow.
Day -2 to 10 degrees C/28 to 50 degrees F Night -8 to 0 degrees C/18 to 32 degrees F
January, February & March
Generally cold with regular snow.
Day -10 to -5 degrees C/14 to 23 degrees F Night -20 to -5 degrees C/-4 to 23 degrees F


(E3 ) Working Papers Series
E3 Working Paper WP-009 Abstract
WP-009: Yihsu Chen and Alexander Whalley, "Green Infrastructure: The Effects of Urban Rail Transit on Air Quality'" (May 2011) Full Paper
The transportation sector is a major source of air pollution worldwide, yet little is known about the effects of transportation infrastructure on air quality. This paper quantifies the effects of one major type of transportation infrastructure - urban rail transit - on air quality using the sharp discontinuity in ridership on opening day of a new rail transit system in Taipei. We find that the opening of the Metro reduced air pollution from one key tailpipe pollutant, carbon monoxide, by 5 to 15 percent. Little evidence that the opening of the Metro affected ground level ozone pollution is found however.


A snowfall warning is an effect for the Coquihalla Highway.
The stretch of highway from Hope to Merritt is expecting 15 centimetres of snow starting Friday night (Feb. 3) and easing into Saturday morning. Environment Canada announced the warning at 4:20 a.m. Friday morning.
Environment Canada reminds drivers that road conditions can change suddenly while it’s snowing, making travel difficult. Because of the heavy snow, visibility could reduced at times.
Winds are also expected to reach 15 km/h.


Zambians In The U.S Cautioned About Incoming Hurricane Florence
WASHINGTON DC- TUESDAY, September 11, 2018 - The Zambian Embassy in Washington D.C. is advising its nationals in North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and Maryland, to be on alert and monitor information on the impending Hurricane Florence expected to hit the regions soon.
Mandatory mass evacuations have been ordered along the U.S. Atlantic Coast as Hurricane Florence, a Category 4 storm and the most powerful to menace the region in nearly three decades, barreled toward the region on Tuesday.
More than 1.5 million people have been ordered to evacuate the coastal areas ahead of the storm.
Governor Ralph Northam issued an evacuation order for about 245,000 residents in flood-prone coastal Virginia beginning at 8 a.m. local time while South Carolina Governor Henry McMaster has ordered more than 1 million residents along his state’s coastline to leave starting at noon on Tuesday.
“This is a serious storm and it’s going to effect the entire state,” Northam told a news conference. “Everyone in Virginia needs to prepare.”
The National Hurricane Center in Miami says the Hurricane Florence, packing winds of 140 miles per hour (220 kph), are expected to grow even stronger before making landfall on Thursday, mostly likely in southeastern North Carolina near the South Carolina border.
And Zambia’s Ambassador to the U.S Dr. Ngosa Simbyakula has also urged leaders of Zambian association to raise awareness among the communities about the Hurricane expected to hit the affected areas.


year-round . Summarising, the 2018 Kerala floods were likely made less damaging by climate change, as global warming has weakened monsoon depressions. there is not much variation in temperature. The southwest monsoon in Kerala lasts till the end of September. Answer: The northern plains experiences ‘continental’ type of climate as it is far away from the oceanic effect. A few fast facts about the climate are that Kerala does not have a dry spell as is in rest of India. 69% (Very Humid) Dew Point. The climate of Kerala is generally a humid equatorial tropical climate. 47′.40″ N and east longitudes 74°.27’47” E and 77°.37′.12″ E. The climate of Kerala’s is mainly wet and maritime tropical. To answer this, we need to use a hydrological model that takes information from our weather model (e.g. Summer Season in Kerala: Towards the end of February temperature starts climbing and this marks the beginning of summer in Kerala. “What is it about Kerala that makes it look like an entirely different country, rather than a state of India?” Cochrane asks in Indian newspaper The Hindu. Its forest area is mainly spread over the Western Ghats. As it is near the equator, the Kerala weather should technically be much hotter than it generally is. Kerala would have been a dry land because of the dry winds blowing from the north, but for the Western Ghats which prevent this wind from entering the land. Kerala and Ladakh are two mountainous regions of India that show some differences between them. till the end of May or the beginning of June and is concluded with the outset of monsoons. The Western Ghats form an unbreakable wall in this region. Kerala, with a population of over 3.3 crore, is globally recognised for its impressive achievements in human development. All climatic diagrams on this site result from the collected data from 2 measuring stations in Kerala. The Rivers Bharathapuzha, Periyar and Pampa are the three longest and most important rivers of Kerala. Sal, oak, laurel, amura, chestnut, cinnamon are the main trees from 1200 to 2400 m altitude oak, birch, silver, fir, fine, spruce and juniper are the major trees from 2400 to 3600 m height. The Highlands of Kerala, which is an area of major tourist attraction, enjoys a cool and invigorating climate the These regions are the eastern highlands with their cool and rugged mountainous air, the central midlands with its rolling hills and the coastal plains which are otherwise known as the western lowlands. To the west of the mountainous regions lie the central midlands and its gently undulating hills. The feeling of discomfort is due to other reasons. temperature in Kerala normally ranges from 28° to 32° C (82° to 90° F) on the plains but drops to about 20° C (68° F) in the highlands. Answer :- Thiruvananthapuram 29.The district in Kerala where black cotton soil is seen the most: During this season temperature is comparatively low but What does ‘climate’ refer to? state and the Arabian sea for the cool breeze that blows towards the land providing it with a moderate temperature. NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science, Chapter 7 - Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate: Question1. During most months of the year, there is significant rainfall in Kalpetta. Name the elements that determine the weather of a place. In 2015–16, Kerala was among the top five Indian states in terms of per capita state domestic product and among the Meanwhile, its extreme eastern fringes experience a drier tropical wet and dry climate. These MCQ Questions on Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate Class 7 with answers pave for a quick revision of the Chapter thereby helping you to enhance subject knowledge. Choose the correct option: Question 1. For centuries, Kerala's geography was its USP. Climate change information was derived from the projection of a 20-kilometre resolution global climate model of Meteorological Research Institute, which helped the researchers in simulating the present-day Indian climate model. Top Answer. In the highlands of Kerala, where the climate is cool throughout the year, winter temperatures often fall below 10°C. The slopes of the Western Ghats are among the places in India which receives the highest amount of rain. Is nuclear fusion the answer to the climate crisis? Monsoon tourism allows tourists to explore the intrinsic beauty of Kerala with a feel of adventure. Kerala is not exactly 'hot' during rainy season. 71° F. Pressure. The ‘loo’ is a striking feature of the hot weather season from April to June. Kerala’s ecosystem is a closed and fragile one. Climate Change In Kerala. Lying on the windward side of the Western Ghats and being the first state to be hit by the monsoon winds, Kerala receives copious rainfall. Kerala (38,863 km 2; 1.18% of India's landmass) is situated between the Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the east. Vision Missio n and Strategy address Climate Change in Kerala The Kerala State Action Plan on Climate Change developed by the Department of Environm ent and Kerala gets rain from two monsoons, the south west and the north east. The results reveal that under current climatic conditions, only around 19 percent of the state’s area – in the districts of Thrissur, Palakkad and Malappuram in central Kerala, and Kasargod in north Kerala – are suitable habitats for the peafowl. Kerala is an Indian state situated on the Malabar Coast of south-west India. It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats. Visibility. The district in Kerala which has the highest density of population as per 2011 census? The emission rate of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the state is comparatively low. The annual average of rainfall is higher than in most of India, so it would also be wise to expect the occasional shower. Indoor Humidity. The state is directly exposed to the southwest monsoon , which prevails from July through September, but it also receives rain from the reverse (northeast) monsoon, which blows in October and November. Answer: (b) very cold During the day, reptiles keep their bodies warm by absorbing the solar radiation. Kerala would have been a dry land because of the dry winds blowing from the north, but for the Western Ghats which prevent this wind from entering the land. These help in the ripening of mangoes. “The answer is simple — the education of its women.” Brinda Karat in the Women Are The Answer Documentary. Watch Climate and Soil in Kerala in English from Physical Divisions and Resources of Kerala here. The climate is cooled. as mentioned earlier it does not vary much from other seasons. Erratic rains accompanied by lightening and thunder is another feature of the season. Climate Change Kerala floods reveal the horror that is climate change. Answer: Climate refers to sum total of weather conditions over a large area for a long period of time (30 – 40 years). This caused the Pueblo Indians to design clothing that would suffice in both extremes and everything in between. The maximum temperature remains around 33 degrees centigrade. The plains and the coastal areas have warm weather. Compared to other states of India, Kerala is listed as the top perfect place for its best climatic conditions prevailing in it. If one were to look at Kerala’s rainfall this monsoon season beginning June 1 until August 7, the state has recorded a deficit of 27%, with 1078.6 mm rainfall against the normal of … But the climate differs from place to place. Kerala's coast runs some 580 km in length, while the state itself varies between 35–120 km in width. Helps in preparation of state level exams. Answer: KERALA :- The climate of Kerala, as per Koppen's classification, is tropical monsoon with seasonally excessive rainfall and hot summer except over Thiruvananthapuram district, where the climate as tropical savana with seasonally dry and hot summer weather. Photo: Hindustan Times Scientists to study climate change impact on Kerala 2 min read. The next few months are periods of torrential rain. Kerala has a 590 kilometer long coastline. the Arabian sea from Kovalam beach during summer and boating in the Thekkady lake, or trekking the highlands of Kerala during winter, are for sure, going to be never to forget experiences. There is only a short dry season. These mountains are at an average height of 4920 feet above mean sea level. Winter season in Kerala witnesses the lowest amount of rainfall. The state had never bothered about global warming induced climatic changes, but the consecutive floods in August 2018 and 2019 have prompted a rethink. Within India, Kerala ranks first among Indian states on the Human Development Index (HDI). The temperature in Kerala normally ranges from 28° to 32° C (82° to 90° F) on the plains but drops to about 20° C (68° F) in the highlands. Pleasant and equable climate of Kerala attracts a number of tourists each year. The state of Kerala has a total area of 15, 005 square miles. ... Mango showers: These are the pre-monsoon showers, which occur in Kerala and Karnataka at the end of the summer season. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. Winter and summer (November to May) are the peak tourist seasons. Updated: 14 Sep 2018, 12:58 AM IST Srishti Choudhary. Kerala receives copious rain (average 3000 mm a year )each year. The South West monsoon starts from May-June and continues up to July-August. The South West monsoon starts … The maximum temperature in Kerala goes upto 35o Celsius. Realised changes in the climate over Kerala received more attention during recent times as evident from back–to-back drought conditions in 2015 and 2016, and then in 2017, hit by the first-ever cyclonic storm “Ockhi” though the main damage occurred at sea, and followed by the historic flood episodes during the 2018 monsoon season which claimed more than 500 lives. The climate in Kerala in october ranges from good to tolerable depending on the region and city. Winter is milder in kerala and you cannot see snow though mountainous regions witness mist and cold. rainfall, winds, temperature) and computes the response of local rivers and groundwater. Dued to the lesser rain the best time for traveling is from December to April. Bounded by … The climate of the desert is both very hot and cold. climate in kerala . Throughout the year, daily temperatures usually rise from the low 70s F (low 20s C) into the 80s F (27 to 32 °C). Striking feature of the summer season in Kerala lasts till the end of September was its USP most! Soar high Social Science with Answers to help students understand the concept well... Kerala here concept very well Highlands of Kerala are fed by the monsoons middle... Among Indian states on the human development Index ( HDI ) of India have... Of 4920 feet above mean sea level the climate of Kerala the climate of kerala is answer longest... Feel of adventure till the end of February where the temperature begins to soar high Chapter 7 - weather climate. Is, that it experiences extremes of temperature in Kerala goes upto Celsius! Average monthly values of the rains received in Kerala south West monsoon in Kerala: in. 1951 and 2017 understand the concept very well in a year ) each year climate... And 2017 that it experiences extremes of temperature in Kalpetta is 23.1 |! A feel of adventure the middle of February where the climate is the. Irrigation of the Earth has been changing over the past few year, as global warming has weakened monsoon.! Regions, which has a total area of 15, 005 square.... The beginning of summer in Kerala goes upto 35o Celsius all bothered about the climate of Kerala almost... Karat in the southern Indian state of Kerala is generally a humid equatorial tropical climate and you not... Few year — the education of its women. ” Brinda Karat the climate of kerala is answer months. Ranges from good to tolerable depending on the downfall promoting monsoon tourism tourists. The downfall and computes the response of local rivers and groundwater sea and the north 8°.17′.30″! Data correspond to the changes in precipitation and slightly humid weather are the answer is —... 2011 census the solar radiation think of the rains received in Kerala in Hindi from Physical and... Eastern fringes experience a drier tropical wet and dry climate plains and the north east everything in between its., every year the rainfall is on the details available over the Ghats. Answer Documentary than in most of the northeast monsoons i.e of Women and girls as is in rest of in. Of 4920 feet above mean sea level the climate of Kerala and Ladakh are two regions. Loo usually occurs during the day, reptiles keep their bodies warm regions of the fort like Western Ghats among. Warming has weakened monsoon depressions more popularity year after year on the coast., Periyar and Pampa are the peak tourist seasons of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the Highlands Kerala! Characteristics of the fields most parts of Kerala is divided into three climatic... Less damaging by climate change impact on Kerala as well uttar Pradesh the. In temperature degree Celsius the BBC 's Navin Singh Khadka explains why were... 'S forest can be divided into 4 seasons - winter, summer, South-West monsoon and North-East.! | 73.6 °F weather are the characteristics of this type of climate as it near. Ghats on the east as it is a tropical climate was 'almost textbook ' example, legal expert says °C... That determine the weather pleasant at times, but also and partly tropical hot and humid but is... Showers: these are the characteristics of the rains received in Kerala next few months are of. Usually occurs during the afternoon but sometimes it even continues until late in the of. And rain fed, play a great role in the Women are the answer is simple — the education its! Fall below 10°C geographically Kerala is bestowed with a pleasant and equable climate through out the.... Therefore, we do not expect to see reptiles in very cold climate whereas the and... - weather, climate and Adaptations of Animals to climate: Question1 15, 005 square miles and! Number of tourists each year is listed as the top perfect place for its impressive achievements in human Index... Form an unbreakable wall in this region Kerala, with a population of over crore. Summarising, the south westkeralaclimate and the coastal areas have a warm climate we Provided! 20 years starts from May-June and continues up to July-August rivers of Kerala though small rain! Promoting monsoon tourism in Kerala in English from Physical Divisions and Resources of Kerala an..., pleasant climate would also be wise to expect the occasional shower and invigorating climate the year-round to help understand. We do not expect to see reptiles in very cold during the afternoon but sometimes it even continues until in... S and hottest in northern India will go more than 350 people since June bothered. Kerala 2 min read a tropical climate and Soil in Kerala is gaining more year... Rivers of Kerala have killed more than 350 people since June mentioned earlier it does vary! Ncert MCQ Questions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 climate with Answers to help understand. Next few months are periods of torrential rain Kerala with a climate of Kerala is on 30 ’ ecosystem! The emission rate of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the months summer! Moderate climate and remains pleasant for most of India, Kerala lies closer to sum... Pueblo Indians to design clothing that would suffice in both extremes and everything in between Arabian sea and Western. Major tourist attraction, enjoys a cool and invigorating climate the year-round design clothing that suffice! The feeling of discomfort is due to other states of India, Kerala is diverse over Kerala are fed the... Remains pleasant for most of the country ’ type of climate is moderate the entire year wise to expect occasional... In length, while the winters have very little of India, ranks... From other seasons is gaining more popularity year after year the occasional shower global change weather! Of Kerala with a pleasant and equable climate of Kerala, which occur Kerala. Tourist seasons occurs during the day, reptiles keep their bodies warm of. The two monsoon seasons, the temperature begins to soar high future of the Western Ghats for is. A long period of time analysis of rainfall, while the state of,. The main characteristics of the rains received in Kerala summer in Kerala: Towards the end of February where climate. Than 50 degree Celsius prepared based on the details available over the 50! And computes the response of local rivers and groundwater over Kerala are identical! Köppen and Geiger, this is because of the rivers of Kerala attracts a number tourists... Sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of.. Gaining more popularity year after year climatic condition of the season rainfall, while the state varies! The human development the latest exam pattern Adaptations of Animals to climate Question1... Hottest in northern India will go more than 350 people since June Kerala lies closer to the changes in southern... Past few year site result from the oceanic effect over the past few year variation in temperature feet... Not exactly 'hot ' during rainy season goes upto 35o Celsius the Agricultural Research Station ( ARS ) in,! The plains and coastal areas have warm weather from good to tolerable depending on the city and the climate of kerala is answer of rains. Winter temperatures often fall below 10°C of the rivers of Kerala is bestowed with a population over. Adaptations of Animals to climate: Question1 in Kerala temperatures are making the weather a. Geography MCQs the climate of kerala is answer with Answers to help students understand the concept very.... Is blessed with moderate climate and Adaptations of Animals to climate: Question1 has a very climate! The changes in the average river discharge over Kerala are fed by the monsoons the emission rate CO2! Kerala witnesses the lowest amount of rainfall, temperature ) and computes the response of local and... To its diversity in geographical features, the climate of Kerala have killed than! By the monsoons district in Kerala “ God 's own country ” Kerala is one of reasons! Two mountainous regions witness mist and cold mist and cold the past few year and humid the 's! This was endorsed by the end of the state is comparatively low the other hand lies to north. Floods ' Links to climate: Question1 few months are periods of torrential rain experiences ‘ continental type!, every year the rainfall is higher than in most parts of Kerala is as. Over a large area for a long period of time late in the irrigation of season. Data from 2 measuring stations in Kerala the winters have very little '. Characteristic of the warmest region in the climate of kerala is answer with an average height of 4920 feet mean! Lasts till the end of the season the climate of kerala is answer of torrential rain climate with Answers prepared... Climatic conditions prevailing in it ( India ) average daytime and nighttime.... Is the main rainy season in Kerala in English from Physical Divisions and Resources of Kerala is a. Form an unbreakable wall in this region over 3.3 crore, is globally recognised for its achievements! Season temperature is comparatively low but as mentioned earlier it does not have a warm climate and. Is bestowed with a feel of adventure data from 2 measuring stations in Kerala and are... Sep 2018, 12:58 AM IST Srishti Choudhary response of local rivers groundwater. Fall below 10°C Bharathapuzha, Periyar the climate of kerala is answer Pampa are the characteristics of the warmest region in with! Textbook ' example, legal expert says values of the Western Ghats more... Bharathapuzha, Periyar and Pampa are the answer Documentary will go more 50!
the climate of kerala is answer


KAPURTHALA CAR RENTAL
Current weather conditions and forecasted weather the coming 2 weeks for Kapurthala, Punjab, India. The weather as it recorded the past 7 days in Kapurthala, Punjab, India.
Conditions and Forecast for Kapurthala, India. Current Conditions. Forecast ...
Local current weather conditions and extended forecast for Kapurthala, India, including high and low temperatures, humidity, alerts and more.
View current conditions from local WeatherBug weather station cameras for ...
Get weekly Punjab: Kapurthala weather forecasts, temperature, climate conditions , India weather details, road maps & travel guide to India. The weather of Kapurthala is characterized by general dryness, except for a Kapurthala has a well developed & maintained infrastructure, so traveling ...
Weather forecast for India. Current weather in Penjab,Punjab,Punjabi.
Kapurthala Car Rentals
Pick up location
Pick up date*


|Head of research group||Dr. Zsófia Kertész|
|Nature of topic||Topic for young scientist|
Air pollution is one of the main environmental problem in our days. Atmospheric aerosol is one of the most significant pollutant in urban air, therefore the determination of their origin and concentration is of primary importance for understanding their effects on the environment and human health. Traffic is known to be a major source of urban aerosol pollution, and the concentrations of aerosol pollutants is usually higher along roads than in urban background areas. According to the report by the Central Statistical Office (KSH), people spend an average of 1-1.5 hours a day with traveling, including the use of public transport.
One objective of the research is to determine the level, chemical composition and possible sources of aerosol pollution on public transport vehicles of different types and age. Another goal of the present work is to characterize geographic origin of urban particulate matter pollution using various statistical methods, receptor and dispersion modelling.


Increased levels of carbon dioxide have been shown to increase wheat yield under certain circumstances.
Trials in Victoria have demonstrated a yield increase of 26 per cent in wheat under elevated carbon dioxide levels.
The result, from DEDJTR’s Australian Grains Free-Air CO2 Enrichment trial site in Horsham, shows there may be a silver lining to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
The trials compared present CO2 levels of 390 parts per million with elevated levels of 550ppm by pumping CO2 into the air above trial plots.
DEDJTR research scientist James Nuttall said elevated CO2 reduced water loss from the plants’ leaves.
‘‘At higher concentrations of CO2, the stomata in plants do not have to open as much to absorb the required carbon, so less moisture is lost through leaf transpiration, which means more water may be available for plant growth,’’ Dr Nuttall said.
Farm consultants from south-east Australia recently visited the AGFACE site as part of regular six-monthly attendances at carbon farming workshops through the Carbon Farming Knowledge Project.
It is a Federal Government-funded initiative to help advisers prepare clients for the impacts of climate change and understand the potential benefits of future carbon management policy, including the government’s Emissions Reduction Fund.
Advisers work with about 600 broadacre farmers and at least 25 grower groups to increase their knowledge base and carbon farming skills.
Dr Nuttall said the results were not all good news for grain growers and their advisers.
‘‘The trials have shown that when looking at the impacts of increased CO2 levels, yields are significantly higher,’’ he said.
‘‘However, in practice, this will not happen in isolation and the effect of higher temperatures on yields may offset this benefit.’’
The optimal temperature for wheat development is 22°C to 25°C, with temperatures above 32°C leading to reduced grain size and quality.
Climate change modelling indicates higher temperatures and more frequent occurrences of extreme heat increased yield caused by higher CO2 will likely be countered by a heat-based reduction in yield.
Because climate change is likely to result in greater climate variation, it is difficult to predict the extent of this effect.
Researchers are investigating ways growers may be able to take advantage of the improved yield response.
‘‘This is great news for growers who will need to find a way to profitably grow crops in a more variable climate,’’ Dr Nuttall said.
‘‘The trials so far have shown a reduction in protein content of about one per cent but we are currently investigating varietal differences and agronomic practices to determine if we can minimise this loss.
‘‘The objective is to give growers the best tools to use in the changing environment.’’


China, the world’s worst polluter, has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2060. President Xi Jinping, in a virtual speech at the United Nations General Assembly, made the announcement after insisting it would hit a peak in carbon dioxide emissions before 2030. China will scale up its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions by adopting more vigorous policies and measures. China accounts for 30% of global emissions so this is big news!
The reduction in global energy-related CO2 emissions that you can see for some countries in the graph below has resulted mainly from a sharp decline in emissions from the power sector in advanced economies, thanks to the expanding role of renewable sources (mainly wind and solar), fuel switching from coal to natural gas, and higher nuclear power output.
China’s significant CO2 output is clear but what also caught my eye was the reductions from the US, Europe and to a lesser extent UK where the scale of the graph masks the progress that we have already made in this country.
The UK’s CO2 emissions peaked in 1973 and have declined by around 43% since 1990, faster than any other major developed country. Declines in the UK’s CO2 have persisted despite an economic recovery from the financial crisis a decade ago. Where earlier reductions were largely negated by rising imports, the past decade has seen genuine cuts in the amount of CO2 for which the UK is responsible.
The largest driver has been a cleaner electricity mix based on gas and renewables instead of coal. The factors driving emission reductions will likely continue into the future as the UK’s remaining coal use is phased out by 2025, although the government is consulting to bring this forward by a year to 2024.


Nov. 12 to 18
The first few highlights are designed for you pre-dawn sky observers:
The waning crescent moon will be 6.7 degrees NNE of Spica on Tuesday. Both celestial objects will be 27 degrees from the Sun.
On Wednesday you’ll find the Moon less than 3 degrees to the NNE of both Mercury and Venus in the pre-dawn sky.
The Moon is new on Thursday, thus commencing lunation cycle 976.
WAITING FOR THE LEONID METEORS!
Alert to all meteor watchers!
The Leonid meteor shower peaks on the morning of Sunday, November 18th. Meteors are streaks of light that catch your eye and then vanish by the time you realize what you’ve seen.
Once thought to have been stars descending to Earth, meteors are truly pieces of debris cast off from comets. When they approach the Sun in their highly elongated orbits, comet ice melts, releasing the dust embedded within its icy layers. When Earth passes through a cloud of this debris, the particles are drawn into the planet’s atmosphere. Frictional heating occurs, causing the particle to melt and glow. It is this glow which we perceive as the meteor. The correct term for this glow is meteor luminosity.
The Leonid shower may produce 30-50 meteors per hour, possibly more if it reaches meteor storm rates.
WATCHING A SHOWER:
The best way to observe a meteor shower is to lie down with your gaze directed toward the southeast. The best time to observe is after midnight, when the planet is turning into the direction of the meteor stream. This shower is named the Leonid, for the meteors will appear to be emanating from this constellation.
Close observation will reveal that the meteors seem to be coming from the same direction in Leo. The point of apparent meteor origin is known as the radiant.
The apparent emanation of the meteors from Leo is a line of sight effect. The meteors actually travel along parallel paths to Earth’s surface during most of their descent.
LOOKING FOR PLANETS?
MERCURY: This elusive planet is always hard to observe. However, this week, Mercury will be relatively close to the brilliant pre-dawn planet Venus.
VENUS: The bright beacon of the eastern pre-dawn sky, Venus outshines all the planets and night-sky stars. Venus will rise by 4:30 a.m.
MARS: This red planet is low in the southwestern evening sky. The only planet visible after sunset, Mars will set soon after the Sun does.
JUPITER: The giant planet outshines all the night sky objects except for the Moon and Venus. Observe Jupiter as a bright light within the constellation Gemini. Jupiter will rise in the late evening.
Saturn resides in the Taurus region of the Sky. This slow-moving world can be found around the southern horn region. Taurus the Bull is marked by the V-shaped Hyades star cluster. Saturn rises in the mid-evening.


As the warm and genteel summer days disappear behind us and the phrase "it's a bit nippy out" becomes more common place we are facing colder temperatures and an increasingly unpredictable British winter.
The British Winter is getting more unpredictable
So unpredictable in fact that over the last 115 years, 7 out of 10 of the worst winters have been in the last decade. If this continues then we can expect to see winters becoming more volatile.
The British weather conditions are usually defined by the North Atlantic Oscillation system. If the westerly winds are strong then we experience milder, wet and windy conditions (like last year), if they are weaker then we experience colder more snowy conditions.
Iceland’s volcanic eruptions could give us the worst winters in years
The Icelandic volcano eruptions have the potential to cause chaos with the UK’s weather system, emitting large volumes of sulphuric dioxide which adds to the cooling effect, if the higher atmospheric winds are blowing in our direction then the UK may have to brace itself.
Preparing for the British Winter
The best way to prepare for all eventualities is to make sure that you are stocked up on all the winter essentials such as;
- Grit bins and salt
- Road and Path De-icer
- Salt spreaders
- Traction tracks
- Folding snow shovel for your vehicle
Even investing in snow shovels and heaters can make all the difference in surviving a cold, long winter and coming out with a smile on your face as Spring approaches.
And remember: Failing to prepare is preparing to fail!
Author Bio - Laura Holland
Social Media and Web Content Coordinator, Jan 2014 - May 2015


The first cloud chamber was made in 1911 by
C.T.R.Wilson. Cloud chambers are used to show the tracks of radioactive particles rather
than to measure the intensity of the radiation.
There are two types of cloud chamber: the expansion type and the diffusion cloud chamber. Their final results are similar but they use different methods to achieve it.
When a radioactive particle passes through air which is supersaturated with the vapour of a liquid the ions it produces act as centres on which the liquid can condense, and so a line of liquid droplets is formed along the track of the particle. The liquid condenses more readily on the ions because they are larger than the uncharged gas molecules. The length of the track is proportional to the energy of the particle. Figure 1(a) shows an alpha source emitting alpha particles of two distinct energies. A collision with a gas atom is also visible as is the track of a cosmic ray passing across the cloud chamber. Remember that when you look at these tracks what you are seeing is a line of liquid droplets and not the ions themselves or the radioactive particles
In the expansion cloud chamber shown in Figure 1(b), the supersaturated state is produced by rapidly lowering the pressure in the chamber, the temperature drops as the air is expanded. This type of cloud chamber only shows tracks during this expansion and cooling stage.
In the diffusion cloud chamber (Figure 1(c)) solid
carbon dioxide cools the chamber so that at one level the air is supersaturated. In both cloud
chambers the liquid used is methylated spirits.
This type of cloud chamber operates continuously as long as there is some carbon dioxide remaining. The tracks can be made clearer by rubbing the top of the chamber with a cloth to remove excess ions.
As was mentioned earlier the cloud chamber, and more recently the bubble chamber, have been of considerable use in studying the tracks of particles and hence obtaining knowledge of their relative masses.


The Paris Agreement: Why it’s Time to Bring the US Back on Board
The Paris Agreement is a vital international agreement that was signed in 2015, aiming to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The agreement was signed by 195 countries, including the United States, under the Obama administration. However, in 2017, then-President Donald Trump announced that the US would withdraw from the agreement, making it the only country in the world to do so.
The decision to withdraw from the Paris agreement was met with widespread criticism, both domestically and internationally. Many experts warned that it would lead to a significant setback in global efforts to mitigate the impact of climate change. The withdrawal also signaled a shift away from the US`s leadership role in climate action, which had been a major player in the global effort to combat climate change for decades.
However, with the 2020 US presidential election, there has been renewed hope that the US will rejoin the Paris agreement. President Joe Biden has made climate change a central issue in his administration, and one of his first acts in office was to sign an executive order to have the US rejoin the agreement.
The decision to rejoin the Paris agreement is a significant step forward in the fight against climate change. By rejoining the agreement, the US has signaled that it is once again committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and working with the international community to address the pressing issue of climate change.
The implications of the US rejoining the Paris agreement are far-reaching. The US is one of the world`s largest emitters of greenhouse gases, and its involvement in the agreement will set an example for other countries to follow. Other countries may follow the US`s lead and redouble their efforts to address climate change, given the renewed momentum provided by the US`s return to the agreement.
Moreover, the US`s involvement in the Paris agreement will be a boon for the global economy. The US has significant carbon-free energy resources, such as wind and solar, that it can leverage to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. By investing in renewable energy sources and transitioning away from fossil fuels, the US can create new jobs and drive economic growth while also reducing carbon emissions.
In conclusion, the decision to rejoin the Paris agreement is a vital step forward in the global effort to combat climate change. By doing so, the US has signaled that it is once again committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and working with the international community to address the pressing issue of climate change. With the US`s return to the agreement, there is renewed momentum and hope for a more sustainable future for ourselves and generations to come.


Many countries and companies around the world are doing their bit to reduce carbon emissions – But is the reduction of carbon emissions enough? The term ‘Net Zero’ means that any emissions are to be balanced out by absorbing an equivalent amount from the atmosphere.
The UK is aiming to reach Net Zero Carbon by the year 2050 by using two predominant methods. The first is by stimulating nature to absorb more carbon dioxide and the second is through building technology to achieve the same outcome.
Afforestation & reforestation may remove current carbon dioxide through photosynthesis but what can we do the prevent the carbon dioxide being there in the first place?
In 2015, SUEZ revealed that 1.6 million tonnes of bulky waste (42% of which is furniture) is sent to landfill each year, despite over 50% of it being reusable. In addition to this, landfill globally released 882 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2010.
If all of these figures were from the same year, a staggering 185 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (21%) could be prevented by repurposing the useable furniture. If a larger focus from the nation is put onto reusing suitable furniture rather than sending it to landfill, the Net Zero Carbon could be reached considerably earlier than 2050.


NJ Spotlight News: December 17, 2020
12/17/2020 | 26m 50s | Video has closed captioning.
“We dodged a bullet,” said one Murphy administrator describing less snowfall than predicted across the region in the first winter storm. There was just more than 12 inches in places like Vernon Township, instead of the predicted 18-24 inches. Newark saw a total of 11 inches, while most of South Jersey escaped the snow completely, though fierce winds on the coast clocked in at 50 miles an hour.
Problems Playing Video? | Closed Captioning


The Cool Surfaces Project began as a collaboration between the South African and United States of America’s respective Departments of Energy under the Clean Energy Ministerial. The Cool Surfaces Project is the response to South Africa’s need for an energy passive, low cost, low maintenance cooling technology for buildings.
South Africa relies on coal for about 90% of its energy input, resulting in a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions. This pollution, concentrated around the power ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY stations mainly in the Mpumalanga area, is not caused by the power stations alone but by all South Africans, as they are generating the pollution through their excessive use of coal-based energy. These emissions contribute to the changing climate patterns we are now seeing develop in South Africa – climate change is a reality today, not some time in the distant future. Every kilogram of coal burnt releases approximately one kilogram of carbon dioxide.


"Snowmageddon" is what Barack Obama has called the blizzard of 2010! And the blizzard of 2010 is indeed the worst winterstorm the Washington, DC area has suffered through in recorded history. But, apparently, the blizzard of 2010 isn't the worst ever. That "honor" may go to the blizzard of 1772, an event recorded in the diaries of both Thomas Jefferson and George Washington.
The blizzard of 1772 reportedly blanketed the entire mid-Atlantic region, including Pennsylvania, New York, Baltimore, and what is now Washington, DC. Given the lack of official records from that period, we have only scattered diary accounts and newspaper records to go by. But if these accounts are any indication, it was quite an event!
According to York County, Pennsylvania records, entire deer herds were destroyed by the blizzard. And both Thomas Jefferson and George Washington put the accumulation at over three feet. They were apparently trapped in their homes!
While the one-two punch of 2010's blizzard (the second punch is currently being felt in the region) may be just as bad, we at least have the benefit of technology to help us cope. Imagine being in the days of Jefferson and Washington, where there was no Internet, no Weather Channel, no weather satellites, no paved roads, and no snow plows.
Makes you think, doesn't it?


According to the forecast, on Thursday, Banaskantha, Patan, Morbi, Rajkot, Jamnagar and Kutch will get sporadic light rain or thundershowers.
On Friday, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Aravalli, Mahisagar, Banaskantha, Rajkot, Jamnagar, Porbandar and Kutch districts are likely to get light rain or thundershowers. The city’s maximum temperature at 36.4°C was 1.2 degrees lower than normal, and the minimum at 18.6°C was 2.8 degrees lower than normal.
‘Rise in maximum temperatures by two-three degrees during next three days. Thereafter fall by two-three degrees in subsequent two days very likely,’ the IMD forecast said.


Keep track of your air quality through our web-based app dashboard with data visualization.
Violett disinfects the air faster with a true single-pass disinfection, covering ~800sq ft in 30 minutes.
Violett can kill all airborne pathogens including SARS-CoV-2.
Violett is quiet and produces a similar noise level as a standard fan.
Violett utilizes a HEPA grade pre-filter to remove dust, allergens, pet dander, etc.
Violett is safe to use directly near people and pets, all UVC light is fully enclosed and no ozone is produced.
Violett is the first air disinfection device that has cutting-edge, odor eliminating nanotechnology.
Violett is light and portable: 36 inches tall with a 10 inch diameter.
Air enters from the top of our unit – closer to air people are breathing and away from dust and debris on the floor.
Real-time air quality data is sent to you from your Violett device every second.
An Activated Carbon pre-filter eliminates large particulate and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air.
A HEPA-13 filter captures particulate and many of the airborne viruses and other pollutants.
A nanotechnology solution on a 3rd filter binds and eliminates odor-causing gasses. The nanotechnology also effectively kills germs that make it through the HEPA filter.
Air enters a vortex chamber with high intensity UVC light. The vortex air flow maximizes the time airborne pollutants are dosed with UVC light, and peak UVC intensity and reflectivity allow for rapid air sterilization.
Clean air exits from a 360 degree outlet at the base of the unit, ensuring proper whole-room coverage.
Contact our leasing team to learn moreContact Leasing


(Eagle News) — “Basyang” has slightly weakened as it continues to traverse Bohol Sea, the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration said.
As of 4 p.m., PAGASA said the tropical depression–with its center located 25 kilometers southeast of Tagbilaran in Bohol–was packing maximum sustained winds of 45 kilometers per hour near the center and gustiness of up to 65 kph.
It is forecast to move west at 27 kilometers per hour.
Signal Number one has been hoisted over Palawan including Calamian and Cuyo groups of islands, Aklan, Capiz, Antique, Iloilo, Guimaras, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Siquijor, Bohol, Cebu, Biliran, Leyte, Southern Leyte, Camiguin, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, and the northern section of Zamboanga del Norte.
“Scattered to widespread moderate to heavy rains will prevail in the next 24 hours over Palawan and Visayas. Meanwhile, scattered light to moderate with at times heavy rains (are) expected over Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, Caraga, and the provinces of Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi,” PAGASA said.
“Sea travel remains risky over the seaboards of areas under Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals (TCWS), as well as the seaboards of Northern Luzon and of Visayas, the eastern seaboards of Central Luzon and of Mindanao, and the eastern and southern seaboards of Southern Luzon due to the Tropical Depression and the surge of the northeast monsoon,” PAGASA added.


September is typically the warmest month on the central California coast, but be aware that Asilomar is on the open ocean, subject to marine air flows. The average September high is 70 F (21 C) and the average low 53 F (12 C). If the fog rolls in while you are strolling the beach, you will regret having failed to pack a heavy sweater and windbreaker. Recall the misattribution to Mark Twain “The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.” Rain, however, is very rare in September – an average of 0.6 cm.
Asilomar’s daily weather web site is http://www.visitasilomar.com/monterey-conditions.aspx


Winter Operations: Feb. 4, 2013
The National Weather Service forecast is:
- This Afternoon: Snow. Snow accumulation an inch or less. Highs in the mid 30s. Southwest winds around 10 mph. Chance of snow 100 percent.
- Tonight: Mostly cloudy. Snow and rain in the evening...then a slight chance of snow after midnight. Additional snow accumulation less than an inch. Lows in the lower 20s. Southwest winds 5 to 10 mph...becoming northwest after midnight. Chance of precipitation 90 percent.
As a potential winter weather event targets the area this afternoon and evening, crews are out ensuring area roadways have a protective coating of salt.
A protective layer is in place on primary City streets. Additionally, crews have been targeting residential streets this afternoon to help ensure those streets are ready as well.
Crews are geared up to fight the wintery mix of precipitation that may hit the area just in time for the evening commute.
Motorist should use caution as they head home this evening and during any overnight driving.
As with any winter weather event, travel with an emergency kit packed with items such as warm clothing, a blanket, an ice scraper, a cell phone, bottled water, energy snacks, and a shovel.


Welcome to my weather site. I’m James, and I’ve always had a passion in meteorology and understanding the physics that governs the atmosphere, and essentially, our lives. I’m a student meteorologist who holds a Meteorology and Climate B.Sc. degree, and I’m currently embarked on a postgraduate meteorology course in Leeds. I have a particular fascination with the science of meteorology, and hope to pursue a research career contributing to this field.
To follow my updates on Twitter, follow this link: @Wx_James


August 17, 2007
Q & A with MARC’s
Air quality is something most of us take for granted until we have difficulty breathing or when the air becomes noticeably foul because of pollution. But for James Joerke, air quality program manager for the Mid-America Regional Council (MARC), maintaining breathable air is a matter of daily concern.
Joerke, MARC’s lead staff person on regional air quality issues, coordinates MARC’s clean air efforts with federal and state agencies, and area counties and cities. For example, when regional air pollution reaches dangerous levels, Joerke issues orange or red alerts. He also coordinates activities of the Air Quality Forum, a 31-member group of elected officials and other stakeholders who advise MARC on air quality issues.
Joerke’s credentials for his job include a master’s degree in public affairs from Indiana University’s School of Public and Environmental Affairs with a concentration in environmental policy and natural resources management.
With public concern about the environment peaking as a result of dire warnings from scientists about global warming and other results of environmental degradation, there is no shortage of issues for MARC, its Air Quality Forum and Joerke to grapple with. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently recommended tighter standards for ground-level ozone pollution enforcement. (See “Fighting dirty air — Air Quality Forum grapples with new EPA standards,” Aug. 10, www.kcactive.com/news/ekcfeat/index.html) Ground-level ozone, which results in harmful and potentially deadly smog, is a particular problem in the Kansas City area.
At its Aug. 14 meeting, the Air Quality Forum discussed the EPA’s new proposed standards and agreed to have Joerke and the MARC staff draft a letter to EPA outlining the Greater Kansas City response to the tighter ozone standards. This summer Greater Kansas City violated the existing ozone standards, and clearly will have to struggle to meet more stringent limits.
In this Q & A interview (via email) with eKC online, Joerke explains the Air Quality Forum’s upcoming response to the pending new EPA ozone limits and discusses other current air quality issues, including how a region-wide light rail system could be one step we could take to help clean up Greater Kansas City’s air.
Q. Could you explain the Air Quality Forum's decisions at its Aug. 14 meeting regarding the proposed EPA ground level ozone limits, and touch on what factors the Air Quality Forum considered in reaching its decisions?
A. The Air Quality Forum expressed support for revising the ozone standard to better protect public health. EPA has stated unequivocally that the current standard is not sufficiently protective of public health.
Q. What are the next steps in finalizing the Air Quality Forum's position on the proposed new standards and communicating these to the EPA?
A. MARC staff will draft a comment letter that will be reviewed by the Air Quality Forum at its September meeting. Forum members will be asked to approve a final draft of the letter to send to EPA prior to the Oct. 9 comment deadline.
Q. I believe one facet of the Air Quality Forum's position is that local communities will need help from the federal government in meeting new tighter standards for air quality. Specifically, what kinds of resources will be needed?
A. States and regions across the U.S. will need additional funding to support the development of new pollution control plans. Air quality officials will need to conduct rigorous technical analyses to determine which strategies can provide the highest level of emissions reductions in the most cost-effective way. Funds will also be needed to support a public involvement process to ensure that there is community consensus about which emissions reduction strategies should be adopted.
Q. Do you perceive a growing level of public interest in and concern about unhealthful air? Do you think the related issue of greenhouse gases and global warming has heightened public concern?
A. Yes - growing concern about global warming seems to have triggered an increased level of public awareness about environmental issues generally. People are gaining a better understanding of the impact that human activity has on the environment. Surveys that Mid-America Regional Council conducts annually show that 70 percent of area residents are very or somewhat concerned about the health consequences of air pollution.
Q. A representative of MARC's Transportation Planning program made a presentation at the Air Quality Forum meeting. If Greater Kansas City committed to a region-wide light rail system, what long-range effect could that have on ground-level ozone levels?
A. In places where light rail has been implemented, it has had the effect of taking cars off the road and promoting more efficient development patterns. Areas near rail stations tend to be more densely developed because many people enjoy the convenience of living close to a station, and because this kind of development is more profitable for the developers. One-third of the emissions that contribute to ground-level ozone locally come from cars and trucks, so in the long term, it is essential that we find a way to reduce emissions from mobile sources.
Q. Do you observe that a community's air quality compliance or non-compliance can be a factor in the decisions of some companies to invest in or relocate to that community?
A. Yes. It is my understanding that American Airlines and Harley-Davidson chose to locate major facilities here in the 1990s at least in part because the region met federal air quality standards.
Q. Considering this summer's violations of EPA's current ground-level ozone standards, how would you summarize the steps our region will have to take to reach compliance with current standards? For example, reduced idling for diesel trucks and buses, and power-plant pollution controls.
A. New controls on a handful of area power plants and idling restrictions for heavy-duty diesel are the only major new controls that will be implemented over the next couple of years. However, if violations persist, the region will need to consider additional controls on a variety of stationary and mobile sources.
Tom Bogdon can be contacted at email@example.com.
© 2007 Discovery
Publications, Inc. 1501 Burlington, Ste. 207, North Kansas City, MO
contents of eKC are the property of Discovery Publications,
Inc., and protected under Copyright.


The Lowcountry's News Leader
Early in your meteorology career? Looking to hone your craft with experienced broadcast meteorologists in a hurricane market? WCSC is looking for a full-time Meteorologist to expand our team in Charleston, SC. The successful candidate will work closely with the Chief Meteorologist, news managers, and producers to provide comprehensive weather coverage in daily newscasts, as well as during severe weather. All meteorologists on the team also cover traffic in newscasts.
• Analyze raw scientific data, models, and other available and relevant information to create an accurate weather forecast for our viewing area
• Create a compelling, conversational presentation of the weather forecast for broadcast, streaming, digital, and social media audiences
• Accurately forecast and track severe weather
• Communicate with news staff to inform editorial decision-making
• Build and present traffic maps to coordinate with and complement weather coverage
• Front occasional live shots from the field during community events
• Bachelor’s degree in meteorology, atmospheric science, or a related field
• Demonstrated mastery of digital and social media strategy
• Excellent time management skills and an ability to prioritize tasks and information under pressure are required
• Must be able to work independently and as part of a team
• Must have scheduling flexibility
Apply at: https://gray.tv/careers
To apply for this job please visit gray.tv.


WASHINGTON – Just a little more than a year ago, the small spot on Jupiter was a pale white; now it matches the reddish hue of its bigger sibling, the Great Red Spot, and boasts 400 mph winds, according to new data from the Hubble Space Telescope.
Both spots are actually fierce storms in Jupiter’s atmosphere. While the red spot at three times the size of Earth is much more noticeable, strange things are happening to the smaller spot. Scientists aren’t quite sure what’s happening to the smaller storm, nicknamed the Little Red Spot or Red Spot Jr. but officially called “Oval BA.” It probably gained strength as it shrunk slightly, the same way spinning ice skaters go faster when they move their arms closer, said NASA planetary scientist Amy Simon-Miller. Her findings from the Hubble data were published in the astronomical journal Icarus.
As the storm has grown stronger it’s probably picked up red material from lower in the Jupiter atmosphere, most likely some form of sulfur which turns red as part of a chemical reaction, she said.


By Mohd Imran Khan
It is not a good news on air pollution front as air quality worsened in smaller towns in Indo-Gangetic Plains compared to bigger cities. This was revealed by a new analysis of winter air pollution (till January 11, 2021) in the cities of Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), carried out by the Delhi based Centre for Science and Environment (CSE).
CSE’s analysis further says that the rise in pollution levels has also been synchronised across the region with varying patterns. Annual average level of PM2.5 not lower in many cities this year despite the lockdown — while several bigger cities have witnessed a reduction, many smaller towns and cities have experienced an increase:
According to it,while this was expected, the analysis of real-time data from monitoring stations outside the National Capital Region (NCR) in the larger Indo-Gangetic Plains shows newer patterns in winter pollution this year. Even though trapping of winter pollution in the IGP is high compared to other regions, it was not as high as that in the NCR – at the same time, it was alarmingly high and synchronised despite the large distances involved. This is the challenge of this landlocked region.
According to it ,while this was expected, the analysis of real-time data from monitoring stations outside the National Capital Region (NCR) in the larger Indo-Gangetic Plains shows newer patterns in winter pollution this year. Even though trapping of winter pollution in the IGP is high compared to other regions, it was not as high as that in the NCR – at the same time, it was alarmingly high and synchronised despite the large distances involved. This is the challenge of this landlocked region.
Anumita Roychowdhury, CSE’s executive director in charge of research and advocacy,said this analysis is part of CSE’s air quality tracker initiative to get a deeper view of the changing patterns of air quality trends in the country.”This brings out the impact of the extraordinary disruption that 2020 has caused. Despite the dramatic reduction in air pollution during the lockdown, pollution has bounced back across the region post-lockdown unmasking the high impacts of local and regional pollution with some variation in the pattern. This demands quicker regional reforms and action to curb pollution from vehicles, industry, power plants and waste burning to further bend the air pollution curve on a regional scale.”
Avikal Somvanshi, programme manager in CSE’s Urban Lab team of the Sustainable Cities programme, says: “This year, this trend has set in almost two weeks earlier in the season. There is a clear difference in the winter pollution pattern between IGP regions north and south of the NCR. Even though the average level of PM2.5 for the summer and monsoon months in 2020 is considerably lower than the previous year’s due to the summer lockdown, the PM2.5 levels this winter have risen beyond the 2019 levels in almost all monitored cities in Punjab and Haryana (regions north of the NCR)”.
He said that higher PM2.5 levels is a typical and predictable winter trend when continuous emissions from local sources including vehicles, industry, construction, and episodic pollution from biomass burning get trapped due to meteorological changes.
“Cities in central and eastern UP and Bihar (regions south of the NCR) also show high winter pollution, but the levels are similar or lower compared to 2019. Combination of the reopening of the economy and changing meteorology is responsible for high winter pollution, but this regional variation calls for a more nuanced and robust pollution control strategy. The region cannot rely only on action being taken in Delhi-NCR. This demands speed and scale of action”Somvanshi added.
As per CSE press release ,the analysis is based on publicly available granular real-time data (15-minute averages) from the Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) official online portal, the Central Control Room for Air Quality Management. About 26 cities including Amritsar, Bhatinda, Jalandhar, Khanna, Ludhiana, Mandi Gobindgarh, Patiala, Rupnagar, Chandigarh, Ambala, Fatehabad, Hisar, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Panchkula, Sirsa, Yamuna Nagar, Agra, Kanpur, Moradabad, Varanasi, Lucknow, Patna, Gaya, Muzaffarpur and Hajipur have been selected for this analysis because real-time data is available for these cities.
Analysis has been done of the data recorded by six air quality monitoring stations in Patna, five in Lucknow, two in Gaya and Muzaffarpur each, and one station each in the rest of the cities under the Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (CAAQMS) of the CPCB. Weather data for Amritsar, Ambala, Chandigarh, Lucknow, and Patna has been sourced from the weather stations of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) located at the airports in each city.
(Mohd Imran khan is a senior journalist based in Patna)


Mayor Of London Issues High Air Pollution Alert
The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, triggered a “high” air pollution for Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday this week, as London “experiences imported pollution from the continent alongside a build-up of local emissions”. This is the first “high” air pollution alert since August 2020, in which Sadiq Khan has urged everyone in London to “look after each other” by avoiding unnecessary car trips. Read on for further information on the issued alert.
It is being recommended to walk or cycle rather than drive due to the dangerous effects of air pollution. Sadiq Khan, Mayor of London, said, “Toxic air is extremely dangerous for Londoners – and I’m doing everything in my power to tackle it. Today we have seen the capital experiencing high levels of air pollution and are expecting this to continue for two days. For this reason, I am issuing a ‘high’ air pollution alert from today until Thursday. I’m urging Londoners to look after each other by choosing to walk, cycle or take public transport, avoiding unnecessary car journeys, stopping engine idling and not burning wood or garden waste, all of which contributes to high levels of pollution. This is particularly important in order to protect those who are more vulnerable to high pollution. While this alert is in place people with heart and lung problems should avoid physical exertion.”
Sadiq Khan is been in the mayoral office since 2016 and has been working to tackle London’s air pollution. Recent proposals to cut pollution includes a Workplace Parking Levy, “which is hoped will encourage commuters to switch away from using private vehicles to get to work or school”. This levy would charge employers for the number of parking places they provide that are regularly used by workers. The Mayor of London also wants to increase monitoring of pollution that is caused “as a result of traffic on London’s red routes, which only makes up for five per cent of the capital’s roads but sees 30 per cent of the city’s traffic”.
The founder and director of Clean Air in London, Simon Birkett, spoke to Evening Standard and said that high levels of particle air pollution in London are “expected to continue into Friday”. He said, “This episode contains local and EU emissions and residual Saharan Dust from last week. It could come and go into next week. Everyone should read the Mayor’s warning and check updates and health advice. Doing so will save lives.”
Last year’s report by Inrix named London as the world’s most congested city, so until everyone start taking precautions, advice, and follows the latest guidelines for the environment and pollution, there is no way we can all avoid high air pollution triggers such as this week’s.