From its origins in Chicago, carbon dating spread rapidly to other centers, for example the grandly named Geochronometric Laboratory at Yale University. We have only to extrapolate existing records of temperature and fossil-fuel consumption to predict the climate of the future. One application was a timetable of climate changes for tens of thousands of years back. It is the study of how people in the past exploited and changed the environment around them. Ewen Callaway Ewen Callaway trabaja para la revista Nature.
Unfortunately, humans are on the verge of messing things up. Libby, for one, cast doubt on the idea, so subversive of the many dates his team had supposedly established with high accuracy. They are then able to reemit this radiation back down to Earth. It occurs only in trace amounts, top dating sites in india but it is present in every living thing.
How Does Radiocarbon-14 Dating Work
Earth sciences Research in the earth sciences uses a number of different isotopes and places rates, timing and duration to landscape altering processes across the span of geologic time. But if carbon dioxide is the most important factor, long-term temperature records will rise continuously as long as man consumes the earth's reserves of fossil fuels. His agricultural activities release two billion tons more. Extreme weather events such as typhoons and hurricanes are becoming more common in some regions of the world, amy webb how i hacked while others regions experience more punishing droughts and heat waves.
Carbon Dioxide and Climate
The carbon dioxide theory predicts that such an increase should raise the average temperature of the earth one degree F. Various geologic, atmospheric and solar processes can influence atmospheric carbon levels. It has become an important relic for many Catholics.
You have no free articles left. Long and short term rates of erosion and development of soils and related sedimentary facies. But this equilibrium is upset during periods of mountain-building. Some of the gas is dissolved in the water, but most of it is present in carbonate compounds.
Fossil Fuels May Bring Major Changes to Carbon Dating
In fact, the carbon dioxide theory provides an essential link to explain the timing of the last two glacial epochs with respect to the mountain-building periods that preceded them. Related applications include the basic age control on events and time series of, for example, climate variability in the past. These impacts affect corals and the many organisms that use coral reefs as habitat.
He was looking for the carbon that human industry had been emitting by burning fossil fuels, in which all the carbon had long since decayed away. Of course during any particular geologic era other factors may influence climate. At the same time, however, profile writing the earth's cloud cover thickens and precipitation increases despite the reduction in the water-vapor burden of the atmosphere.
- You have free article s left.
- Researchers affirm radiation data from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which serve as the world's primary basis for estimating radiation-induced cancer risk in humans.
- Glass, like carbon dioxide, absorbs some of this radiation and thus traps the heat, and the temperature inside the car rises.
- Increasingly though, students are learning about the principles of radiocarbon dates in archaeology, palaeontology and climate science degrees and can combine cross-disciplinary studies.
- Frustrating uncertainties prevailed until workers understood that their results had to be adjusted for the room's temperature and even the barometric pressure.
- Any contamination of a sample by outside carbon even from the researcher's fingerprints had to be fanatically excluded, of course, but that was only the beginning.
Carbon Dioxide and Climate - Scientific American
The carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere are virtually transparent to the visible radiation that delivers the sun's energy to the earth. The lower the amount of radiocarbon, the older the object. Ultra-low level isotope measurements used for radiological assessments have assisted the re-settlement of the Marshall Islands. From Nature magazine The carbon clock is getting reset.
Carbon Dating Gets a Reset - Scientific American
- It was particularly interesting that, as Stuiver had suspected, the carbon wiggles correlated with long-term changes in the number of sunspots.
- This theory suggests that in the present century man is unwittingly raising the temperature of the earth by his industrial and agricultural activities.
- Climate Central surveys and conducts scientific research on climate change and informs the public of key findings.
Climate Change isn't limited to one region, it impacts the whole of the Earth. Much of the carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of past geologic epochs now lies buried in the carbon dioxide reservoir of the earth itself. Staff members are authorities in communicating climate and weather links, sea level rise, climate.
We can be reasonably sure that such a sharp drop in temperature would cause glaciers to spread across the earth. The theories that explain worldwide climate change are almost as varied as the weather. The present carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere must therefore be unusually low. Another possibility was that the cause lay in the Sun itself.
So long as the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere-ocean system does not change, such a cycle of temperature oscillation will tend to repeat itself. This raises an incidental question about the welfare of sea organisms. To predict the effect of human activities upon climate we must calculate just how rapidly this happens. According to the theory, carbon dioxide controls temperature because the carbon dioxide molecules in the air absorb infrared radiation. Despite the name, it does not give an absolute date of organic material - but an approximate age, usually within a range of a few years either way.
Very old trees such as North American Bristlecone Pine are ideal for constructing long and accurate records of the state of the atmosphere. Perhaps only man will be uncomfortable. For the most part their absorption bands occur in different regions of the spectrum. Organisms capture a certain amount of carbon from the atmosphere when they are alive. Researching and reporting the science and impacts of climate change.
This is almost exactly the average increase recorded all over the world during the past century! Ingenuity Ingenuity Festival. The shrunken oceans thus accumulate an excess of carbon dioxide which they must release to the atmosphere in order to return to equilibrium.
But the climatic effects due to carbon dioxide are almost entirely independent of the amount of these other two gases. We shall be able to test the carbon dioxide theory against other theories of climatic change quite conclusively during the next half-century. Thus changes in carbon dioxide concentration, which have such a profound effect on climate, will probably not disturb future marine life. We are already experiencing the impact of climate change.
In addition, nearly all water vapor remains close to the ground, while carbon dioxide diffuses more evenly through the atmosphere. By burning fossil fuels man dumps approximately six billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. After a creature's death the isotope would slowly decay away over millennia at a fixed rate.
Carbon might not only provide dates for long-term climate changes, but point to one of their causes. The earth's hot springs and volcanoes pour about million tons of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere per year. The geological effects of volcanic action, coal formation or any other local disturbance of the carbon dioxide concentration are not restricted to the area in which they occur. Climate records from a Japanese lake are set to improve the accuracy of the dating technique, which could help to shed light on archaeological mysteries such as why Neanderthals became extinct. Carbon dating is a brilliant way for archaeologists to take advantage of the natural ways that atoms decay.


126 Re: Slidell, Louisiana - Weather on Sat Oct 25, 2014 4:11 pm
Fall certainly is in the air here, so many festivals,pumpkin patches and corn-mazes and the weather is perfect, mild days and crisp nights, no AC for 5 days now just enjoying airing out the house. My roses have taken a blooming spurt as have the night jasmine and bird of paradise. Loving the South
127 Cold on Tue Jan 06, 2015 9:07 pm
I know other parts of the country are in a deep freeze but Louisiana isn't your typical prepared place for freezing weather 17 tomorrow night is a little much.
128 Re: Slidell, Louisiana - Weather on Tue Jan 06, 2015 9:37 pm
Tomorrow night wind chill -5 degrees here. very cold tonight also., in the teens.
129 Re: Slidell, Louisiana - Weather on Wed Jan 07, 2015 5:38 pm
We will be between 5-10 for wind chill, just looked at Missouri they are -11 wind chill right now
130 Re: Slidell, Louisiana - Weather on Thu Feb 12, 2015 10:14 pm
Mardi Gras is in full swing, what a crazy time of year . The weather has been good but looks like cold and rain for Mardi Gras Day ( next Tuesday ) A hint of freezing rain....Guess we will wait and see.
131 Crazy Weather on Sun Mar 01, 2015 6:14 pm
Today has been overcast but warm, them bam comes the warnings for winter precipitation for Wed. & Thurs in the form of freezing rain, sleet and possible snow flurries...come on Mother Nature I have tulip trees, camellias and azaleas in bloom and the fig tree is budding, oaks are still dormant the old saying you can't fool an oak. The kids will be ecstatic if we get snow days this year.
Permissions in this forum:
You cannot reply to topics in this forum


An app for you to know the weather forecast from all over the world, with all the information always visible.
A really complete app
Unlike the other apps that you can find, Daily&Hourly weather forecast offers you the weather forecast in a more detailed way. On the one hand, you can see general weather predictions and, on the other hand, the forecasts in specific days or times of the day. This is a really interesting function for certain periods of the year, for instance, for those days when it is sunny during the day but it rains in the afternoon or evening.
The design of this app is really colourful and it has been created in such a way that users can have all the information in a visual way. Also, it offers a widget that we can use in order to have all the information always available, so you do not have to look for it each time.
Daily&Hourly weather forecast is a weather forecast app that offers all the information that you need.
Ratings about Daily&Hourly weather forecast
1 review by registered users
Android 4.4, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0
2 years and 11 months ago
Weather Widget Theme Dev Team


The debate over global warming can be distilled to two basic questions:
(1) Is the earth undergoing an unusual period of warming? and,
(2) Is the warming caused by the man-caused increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration (and if so, what can we do about it)?In this post I address the first question: is the planet warming? Even many “skeptics” say that it is. You can google “climate change” and find graphs showing a sharp warming trend in recent years, and easily convince yourself that global warming is real. A scientist, however, must consider not only these graphs, but how they were constructed – the raw data, the methodology – to determine their validity.
I have done so, and I've concluded that global warming is NOT happening. Or more accurately, there is no reliable evidence that it is happening. The figures and "facts" used to demonstrate global warming are unreliable and the analyses invalid, while the voluminous reliable data show that the warming trend claimed by global warming proponents does not exist.
First let's start with the famous “hockey stick” graph. There are several versions of this graph, produced by different climatology groups, and they show the same thing: from the year 1000 until about 1900 the “global temperature” has varied mildly up and down, but from 1900 onward it skyrockets (hence the term “hockey stick”).
This graph, constructed mostly by Michael E. Mann, has been so criticized and discredited for its bad methodology and mathematics that it is now considered totally bogus and bordering on scientific malpractice. In fact, Mann's statistical algorithm has been shown to produce that “hockey stick” shape even when fed random data. Any conclusions based on this or similar graphs should be discarded.
Now that the issue of the "hockey stick" graph is out of the way, let's address a real scientific problem. How does one calculate the average "global temperature"?
The reality is that it is so difficult to determine the average temperature of an entire planet that it's reasonable to say there is no such thing. Of course scientists try to calculate it anyway and this is done through several means, which can be divided into two categories: direct measurements, typically limited to modern times, and temperature reconstructions, for hundreds to thousands or millions of years ago. For this post I will limit the discussion to modern direct measurements.
The problem is that the meteorological stations cover only a tiny fraction of the global land surface. To extrapolate an average temperature for the entire planet from this sparse and sporadic data requires generous assumptions and mathematical calculations which, to my knowledge, have only been publicly described in a qualitative way. Nevertheless, some scientists have used this data, and found that their calculated "global temperature" has been rising rapidly in recent years:
The above “global temperature” graph was originally produced by Dr. James Hansen. Dr. Hansen runs NASA GISS, and is responsible for nearly every graph and study cited by global warming proponents. He is also a famous climate activist who argues that CEOs of fossil fuel companies should be put on trial for "high crimes against humanity and nature". He is the same Dr. Hansen who, along with actress Daryl Hannah and 30 other climate activists, was arrested in June 2009 in a protest at a coal mining facility in West Virginia. His strange behavior and climate activism should not necessarily disqualify his research, but it is clear he is not following the impartiality and professionalism that should be expected of respectable scientists.
Look at the above figure in detail. It traces the “global temperature” from 1880 to today using a single line. The green “error bars” on the graph are not really error bars – they don't reflect uncertainty in the “global temperature” calculation, but “account only for incomplete spatial sampling of data”. I've already mentioned the impossibility of calculating an average “global temperature”, but even without that understanding any honest scientist could point out that this graph is absurd. The number of meteorological stations and the fraction of global area covered have changed dramatically from 1880 to today. Therefore any comparison of global averages necessarily draws from vastly different data sets from year to year. Despite the best efforts of the researchers, this will skew the averages over time. The construction of this graph is an interesting exercise for curiosity's sake, but it cannot be relied upon to draw conclusions about global climate.
To further demonstrate this point, take a look at this video, which shows how the temperature network has grown since the 1890s, and then dwindled in modern times:
Every scientist knows that when half the data points are thrown out it is bound to skew the results.
Furthermore, as I mentioned earlier, the raw station data must be thoroughly processed and manipulated to yield an average "global temperature". NOAA has published the temperature difference between the raw data and the processed numbers used in their climate figures. The result is their "adjusted" data shows an additional 0.5 degree (F) temperature increase over the past 5 decades that is not present in the raw data:
Reliable temperature measurements show no warming
The only reliable and scientifically accurate way to determine temperature trends is to limit our analysis to consistent data sets. By this I mean temperature measurements made using a single reliable method, at a single location or over a consistently-well-covered region of the globe, for an extended period of time. It just so happens that many such data sets exist, and they offer no evidence of global warming.
The most reliable and consistent temperature record in existence uses a single measurement method over a very large contiguous area and length of time: the meteorological record of the United States of America. I have downloaded the data and plotted it with no modification:
As you can see, there is no warming trend in the United States. This fact is well-known, but global warming proponents claim it is an anomaly – that for reasons unknown the USA is not experiencing global warming. Is it a coincidence that the single most reliable temperature record in the world shows no warming and is discounted as an unexplainable anomaly, while the dubious and scientifically-invalid calculation of “global temperature” shows warming and is heralded as fact? (Also note that the USA graph includes the artificial 0.5-degree warming that, as shown above, NOAA added to the raw data.)
If the lack of warming in the USA temperature record is really an anomaly, then what about other consistent temperature records from around the world?
Graphs of individual temperature stations from around the world are available online. I have downloaded data from 18 stations at random. The areas sampled include eastern, western, and northern Canada, Alaska, the Arctic, the Antarctic, Australia, Europe, Greenland, Iceland, Egypt, northern and sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. I limited my sampling to mostly stations in rural areas (to avoid the urban "heat island" effect), and those with uninterrupted data extending back most of a century. An example is shown below: data from Anchorage, Alaska, and Reykjavik, Iceland. The complete set is available here.
Not one shows a dramatic warming trend. In not one location are today's temperatures unusually warm. This is a small sample of the total number of stations, but what is the probability that 18 stations selected at random would show no evidence of warming if a dramatic warming trend really exists? Or is it more likely that, as I have argued, the graphs of "global temperature" are bogus and global warming is not really happening?
The ice caps are not melting
Direct temperature measurements are not the only consistent means of determining global climate trends. Global warming proponents often claim that the melting of the polar ice caps is strong evidence for global warming. Amazingly, global sea ice data from NOAA proves just the opposite: the ice caps are not melting and global warming is not happening.
There is one more consistent data set: global satellite temperature measurements. Since 1979 a series of satellites in orbit have been monitoring global temperatures. The satellite data provide probably the best estimate of global atmospheric temperature trends. I have downloaded the satellite data directly from the source and plotted it below:
Where is the dramatic warming trend? The satellite data looks nothing at all like Hansen's "global temperature" graphs. It is clear from the above plot that any evidence of warming is inconclusive at best, and there is a slight cooling trend since the temperature peak in 1998. (Note: the two large spikes in the TLS data are the result of volcanic eruptions.)
Conclusion: Global warming is NOT happening


U.S. News - Two days after the early spring prediction of Pennsylvania's Punxatawney Phil, regular winter weather has returned to the continental United States, NOAA reported earlier today. In what has been called by many the coldest winter in memory, this early data supports Phil's animal sense.
"He's a groundhog that understands weather patterns," Pennsylvania man Earl Hollinger told us Friday. "Simple as that. If he says winter's gonna end early, it's gonna end early. This weather proves he's right. My car started this morning, so I know it's almost over."
In an official statement this morning, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced:
Data taken from over 3,500 cities and towns across the continental United States show that 86% of locations are experiencing historically average temperatures. Considering current weather fronts and wind systems, those temperatures in most American locales are expected to follow historic averages in the foreseeable future.
"This is unprecedented; usually there is some deviation from the historic mean for at least 50-60% of localities," said David Grier in Washington, interpreting NOAA's announcement. "I've quite honestly never seen such uniform..uniformity in the nation's weather patterns." Grier further stated that this could signal an early trend upwards in temperatures, given this and last week's major storms that affected 100 million Americans, crippled northern cities, and dumped unprecedented amounts of snow on Chicago and other Midwestern cities.
Used-car salesman Dale Farven of Tyler, TX, told reporters, "It's good to be back to normal winter and not that cold winter. I sure hope that Punxahwhatsit Phil is right."
Punxatawney Phil declined to comment, as he saw our shadow and returned to his burrough, until spring presumably.


Are you scared of severe storms? Horrified of hurricanes? Terrified of tornadoes and typhoons? (You get the idea!) Then Cleveland may be just the place for you! According to SustainLane’s 2008 US City Rankings Cleveland is one of the cities in the US least likely to be hit by a natural disaster. According to SustainLane:
Coming in tied at #1 for lowest natural disaster risk as defined by the above criteria are Milwaukee and Mesa, Arizona. These cities are least likely to face hurricanes, earthquakes, catastrophic hail and tornado super-outbreaks, as they lack geographic, geologic and atmospheric conditions needed to create these disasters. Catastrophic flooding is also unlikely. Other major US cities ranking higher for safety from natural disasters are Cleveland, El Paso, Phoenix and Tucson (all tied at #3).


Year * Month * Day * Data is available up to November 19, 2020. Iowa weather reports with current conditions in each city also include a 5-day weather forecast, any local weather alerts, and road conditions with live traffic updates. Calendar overview of Months Weather Forecast. Weather in Turkey in April View all deals. Weather April snow covers parts of central and southern Iowa. 70 %. National Weather Service Meteorologist Craig Cogill says the warm temperatures last month followed Iowa’s coldest-ever April on record. The chance of wet days in Iowa City varies significantly throughout the year. Because the temperatures fluctuate greatly, it is best to dress in layers. See long range weather forecasts for the next 60 days from The Old Farmer’s Almanac! 0307 pm hail lowell 40.82n 91.44w 04/08/2020 m1.75 inch henry ia trained spotter . New York 60° 39° Miami Beach Coast Guard Station 78° 72° Boston 55° 42° Chicago 47° 25° Home. More than 18 inches of snow fell in some parts of Iowa, with winds reaching 65 mph. Credit: Lori Brogden . 4.0" of snow was recorded in Knoxville, Iowa. In April the average monthly rainfall in Des Moines, IA is 4.20 inches with rain usually falling on 12 days. Expect a sunny Tuesday and a few more clouds on Wednesday as a storm system passes by us to the south mid-week. KCCI 8 News is your weather source for the latest forecast, radar, alerts, closings and video forecast. Spring weather in Iowa is quite variable. In April 1975 there was a total of 2.43 inches of rain, that fell on 15 days. “What a switch we had from April, someone turned up the thermostat,” Cogill said. Weather ; Things To Do; Travel Advice ; What's The Weather Like in. Spring - March, April, and May. The numbers are for the total amount of new snow and how many days it snows at least 0.1 inches (0.25 centimetres) this month. Station Data. Temperature In Guttenberg, the average high-temperature in April increases, from a frosty 45°F (7.2°C) in March, to a moderate 59°F (15°C).The average low-temperature, in Guttenberg, is 39°F (3.9°C). April is a moderate spring month in Guttenberg, Iowa, with average temperature ranging between max 59°F (15°C) and min 39°F (3.9°C). ... 2020-2021 Long Range Weather Forecast for Iowa City, IA . Iowa State; Iowa State Weather. The early April 1973 blizzard left more than a dozen Iowans dead and killed countless livestock. What's the weather like in Antalya in April. Monthly: 1981-2010 normals Weather along I-29, Interstate 29 weather conditions and forecasts. If you are local to the area in which you need weather information, we encourage you to leave your own Iowa weather report or … Weather forecasts for all towns and cities in Iowa State. Dressing for Iowa Weather. 17° C. average. (Courtesy: Lori Brogden) Author: Brandon Lawrence Published: 10:58 AM CDT April 15, 2020 Updated: 10:58 AM CDT April 15, 2020 … A combination of long- and short-sleeved shirts, sweaters, and lightweight jackets provide the most flexibility. A warmer April last occurred in 2017 while 2018 was drier. The weather starts to improve in London in April and if you're lucky enough to get a dry sunny day during your holiday, make the most of it by spending the day at St James's Park. Free Long Range Weather Forecast for Iowa City, Iowa. April 2019 was also the 77th driest. average. Our drier weather will continue into the middle of the work week. Monthly averages Des Moines Longitude: -93.6091, Latitude: 41.6005 Average weather Des Moines, IA - 50347. IOWA MONTHLY WEATHER SUMMARY – APRIL 2019 General Summary: Iowa temperatures averaged 49.2 degrees or 0.3 degrees above normal while precipitation totaled 3.03 inches or 0.48 inches below average. We did the Crown Transatlantic in April this year, we had mostly good weather, the seas were pretty calm all the way, most days were sunny but breezy as expected and cool mid Atlantic but if you could find a spot out of the wind nice enough to sit out with a layer or two, each port day was sunny and temperature around the mid 60's but much warmer in Lisbon when it was really lovely. April 2018 was stubbornly cold east of the Rockies, the 13th-coldest April on record in the contiguous U.S. Iowa and Wisconsin both shivered through their coldest April on record. Calendar overview of Months Weather Forecast. Temperature In Iowa City, the average high-temperature in April significantly increases, from a frosty 46°F (7.8°C) in March, to an enjoyable 61°F (16.1°C).The average low-temperature, in Iowa City, is 39°F (3.9°C). Rain. … per month. Visit KCCI 8 News today. 0315 pm hail 3 n west point 40.76n 91.45w 04/08/2020 e1.75 inch lee ia trained spotter . Updated Iowa State weather maps. Find the most current and reliable 7 day weather forecasts, storm alerts, reports and information for [city] with The Weather Network. 0831 pm hail 4 nw davenport 41.59n 90.67w 04/07/2020 e2.00 inch scott ia trained spotter 0835 pm hail 2 nw springdale 41.69n 91.30w 04/07/2020 e0.50 inch cedar ia public 0837 pm hail davenport municipality 41.62n 90.58w 04/07/2020 e1.00 inch scott ia nws employee 0839 pm hail 1 n davenport 41.57n 90.61w 04/07/2020 m1.00 inch scott ia trained spotter 0840 pm hail 2 ene davenport 41.57n … April weather can be unpredictable across the country. 13 mm. Today’s and tonight’s Des Moines, IA weather forecast, weather conditions and Doppler radar from The Weather Channel and Weather.com Free Long Range Weather Forecast for Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Des Moines received 1.2" of snow on Tuesday night, marking the most snow in a single event for the metro since early February. Average daily temperatures. When deciding whether or not to take a trip, especially earlier in the month, consider what the winter temperatures were in whatever city you want to go. On April 10-11, 2001, a significant severe weather outbreak produced 28 tornadoes across Iowa which was part of a region wide 2-day tornado outbreak that spawned 79 tornadoes across Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. You will want to bring an umbrella and perhaps a raincoat. The oldest park in the capital, St James's Park incorporates the Mall and Horse Guards Parade, and also provides plenty of room for children to run around and adults to relax in. The drier season lasts 6.3 months, from September 24 to April 3. And me showing off my garage. Weather; Videos; Alerts 652; Radar; Maps; Satellites; Models; World °F. Humidity. IOWA MONTHLY WEATHER SUMMARY – OCTOBER 2020 General Summary. On April 10-11, 2001, a significant severe weather outbreak produced 28 tornadoes across Iowa which was part of a region wide 2-day tornado outbreak that spawned 79 tornadoes across Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. Weather in Iowa (10 Locations) Cedar Rapids: Tue 8:47 pm: 42 °F: Dubuque: Tue 8:47 pm: 41 °F: Sioux City: Tue 8:47 pm: 36 °F: Center Point: Tue 8:47 pm: 43 °F: Fairfield: Tue 8:47 pm: 45 °F: Waterloo: Tue 8:47 pm: 40 °F: Davenport: Tue 8:47 pm: 45 °F: Grinnell: Tue 8:47 pm: 43 °F: Des Moines: Tue 8:47 pm: 43 °F: Mason City: Tue 8:47 pm: 35 °F : Need some help? October 2020 ranks as the 6th coldest on record with a colder October last occurring in 2009. The end of the work will will climb back into the lower 40s with dry weather lasting through the weekend. The chance of a wet day peaks at 43% on June 9. Sun. This ties 1988 and 2000 as the 72nd warmest April in 147 years of observational records. dime to through golf ball size hail. The tables below give monthly averages for snowfall during April at cities, towns and lakes in Iowa. You're more likely to see cold temperatures and bad weather if the winter months were particularly harsh. of denmark, ia in northern lee county. Overnight the average temperature in April is 40.1°F and in 1975 the average overnight temperature was 4.3°F cooler at 35.9°F. Find the most current and reliable 7 day weather forecasts, storm alerts, reports and information for [city] with The Weather Network. The month ranked as the 48th driest October in 148 years of statewide records with a drier one last … April sees temperatures climb steadily in Antalya as summer arrives in the resort. Station Data. The 28 tornadoes in Iowa became an all-time state record for tornadoes in a single day. Weather History for Places in Iowa . Cedar Rapids Monthly Weather Forecast 5 days , 7 days , 10 day , 14 days , 15 days , 16 days , 25 days , 30 days , 45 days , 60 days , 90 days Date Temp. Share: Get the Long Range Weather for Your Location. Central Iowa should expect mainly cold rain, the NWS added, with the possibility of snow later in the day. 61 %. Monthly: 1981-2010 normals History: 2007-2019 More about our weather records Des Moines Weather History for the Previous 24 Hours Show weather for: Previous 24 hours November 29, 2020 November 28, 2020 November 27, 2020 November 26, 2020 November 25, 2020 November 24, 2020 November 23, 2020 November 22, 2020 November 21, 2020 November 20, 2020 November 19, 2020 November 18, 2020 November 17, 2020 November 16, 2020 … Temperatures averaged 46.0 degrees or 4.8 degrees below normal while precipitation totaled 1.66 inches or 0.95 inch below normal. Monthly averages Vinton Longitude: -92.0259, Latitude: 42.2186 Average weather Vinton, IA - 52349. Although chilly, Tuesday and Wednesday will actually be around average, topping out in the upper 30s. April marks the beginning of warm temperatures and it is just the beginning of the busy tourist season. It’s pretty mild at this time of year, but it’s a good idea to bring along a jumper or light jacket for the evenings. The Old Farmer's Almanac Long Range Weather Forecast for the Heartland Region. Precipitation for April 1975. Search. The wetter season lasts 5.7 months, from April 3 to September 24, with a greater than 27% chance of a given day being a wet day. April in Iowa City, Iowa, is a comfortable spring month, with temperature in the range of an average low of 39°F (3.9°C) and an average high of 61°F (16.1°C).
How Much Do Rabies Shots Cost For Dogs, Matrix Hair Colour Suppliers, The Godfather Logo Designer, Evidence-based Policy Example, Solving Systems Of Linear Equations, New York Birding List, Sony Bdp-s6700 Manual Pdf, Kidney Bean Fritters, Headfirst Baseball Camp Reviews, Cheapest States To Buy A House 2019,


5th June is the people’s day for environmental action- World Environment Day 2019.
Since its beginning in 1974, World Environment Day has developed into a global platform for raising awareness and taking action on urgent issues from marine pollution and global warming to sustainable consumption and wildlife crime.
Millions of people have taken part over the years, helping drive change in our consumption habits as well as in national and international environmental policy.
It’s a day to reflect, raise awareness and take action towards a more sustainable future.
Air pollution occurs when the air contains substances that can affect or even cause harm to humans, animals or the wider environment.
Air pollution is a mix of particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside and indoors. Its effects can range from higher disease risks to rising temperatures. Soot, smoke, mould, pollen, methane, and carbon dioxide are just a few examples of common pollutants.
A few air pollution facts:
- 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air
- Air pollution kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide every year
- Air pollution has been linked to higher rates of cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases such as asthma.
Air pollution is caused by solid and liquid particles and certain gases that are suspended in the air. The solid and liquid particles suspended in our air are called aerosols.
How much pollution we breathe in is dependent on many factors, such as access to clean energy for cooking and heating, the time of day and the weather.
Air pollution is an environmental health problem that affects people worldwide. The pollution comes from five main human sources. These sources disperse a range of substances including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ground-level ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and lead–all of which are harmful to human health and wildlife.
Household air pollution
The main source of household air pollution is the indoor burning of fossil fuels, wood and other biomass-based fuels to cook, heat and light homes. Around 3.8 million premature deaths are caused by indoor air pollution each year, the vast majority of them in the developing world.
Out of 193 countries, 97 countries have increased the percentage of households that have access to cleaner burning fuels to over 85 percent. However, 3 billion people continue to use solid fuels and open fires for cooking, heating, and lighting. The adoption of cleaner, more modern stoves and fuels can reduce the risks of illness and save lives.
Industry air pollution
Rapid industrialisation and increased manufacturing activities mean industrial plants and factories are one of the main contributors to air pollution. In many countries, energy production is the leading source of air pollution. Industrial plants produce high levels of smoke, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter, emitted into the air.
Coal-burning power plants are a major contributor, while diesel generators are a growing concern in off-grid areas. Industrial processes and solvent use, in the chemical and mining industries, also pollute the air.
Policies and programmes aimed at increasing energy efficiency and production from renewable sources have a direct impact on a country’s air quality.
Currently, 82 countries out of 193 have incentives that promote investment in renewable energy production, cleaner production, energy efficiency and pollution control.
In Australia, the Renewable Energy Target (RET) aims to reduce emissions from the electricity sector, and the Turnbull Government stated that it aimed to achieve a minimum of 20 per cent of energy from electricity coming from renewable sources by 2020.
Currently, the commitment is for renewable energy to supply 33,000-gigawatt hours (over 23.5 per cent) of Australia’s electricity by 2020. Minister Frydenberg has locked in the 23.5 per cent renewable energy target by 2020, in what has been described as a ‘marked change from the avowedly pro-coal rhetoric of the Abbott government.’
Learn more about Australia’s renewable energy policy here.
Transport air pollution
The global transport sector accounts for almost one-quarter of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions and this proportion is rising. Transport emissions have been linked to nearly 400,000 premature deaths.
Reducing vehicle emissions is an important intervention to improve air quality, especially in urban areas. Policies and standards that require the use of cleaner fuels and advanced vehicle emissions standards can reduce vehicle emissions by 90 percent or more.
Agriculture air pollution
There are two major sources of air pollution from agriculture:
- livestock, which produces methane and ammonia
- the burning of agricultural waste
Methane emissions contribute to ground-level ozone, which can cause asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Methane is also a more potent global warming gas than carbon dioxide – its impact is 34 times greater over a 100-year period. Around 24 percent of all greenhouse gases emitted worldwide come from agriculture, forestry and other land-use.
There are many ways to reduce air pollution from this source. People can eat more of a plant-based diet, reduce food waste, while farmers can reduce methane from livestock by optimising feed digestibility and improving grazing and grassland management.
Waste air pollution
Open waste burning and organic waste in landfills release harmful dioxins, furans, methane, and black carbon into the atmosphere. Globally, an estimated 40 percent of waste is openly burned.
Open burning of agricultural and municipal waste is practised in 166 out of 193 countries.
Improving the collection, separation, and disposal of solid waste reduces the amount of waste that is burned or sent to landfill. Separating organic waste and turning it into compost can improve soil fertility and provides an alternative energy source. Reducing the estimated one-third of all food that is lost or wasted can also improve air quality.
Eliminating global food waste would save 4.4 million tonnes of C02 a year, the equivalent of taking one in four cars off the road.
Other sources contributing to air pollution
Not all air pollution comes from human activity. Volcanic eruptions, dust storms and other natural processes also cause problems. Sand and dust storms are particularly concerning. Fine particles of dust can travel thousands of miles on the back of these storms, which may also carry pathogens and harmful substances, causing acute and chronic respiratory problems.
Decide what action you are going to take to #BeatAirPollution on World Environment Day and everyday.
Here are some examples:
- Use public transport or car sharing, cycle or walk
- Switch to a hybrid or electric vehicle and request electric taxis
- Turn off the car engine when stationary
- Reduce your consumption of meat and dairy to help cut methane emissions
- Compost organic food items and recycle non-organic trash
- Switch to high-efficiency home heating systems and equipment
- Save energy: turn off lights and electronics when not in use
- Choose non-toxic paints and furnishings
What action will you take this World Environment Day to #BeatAirPollution?
Aph.gov.au. (2019). Renewable energy policy: retreat, renewal and revitalisation? – Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook45p/RenewableEnergy [Accessed 1 Jun. 2019].
Climatekids.nasa.gov. (2019). What Causes Air Pollution? | NASA Climate Kids. [online] Available at: https://climatekids.nasa.gov/air-pollution/ [Accessed 1 Jun. 2019].
Nunez, C. (2019). Air pollution, Explained. [online] National Geographic. Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/pollution/ [Accessed 1 Jun. 2019].
wearethenest.com.au, T. (2019). Food Waste Facts – OzHarvest. [online] OzHarvest. Available at: https://www.ozharvest.org/what-we-do/environment-facts/ [Accessed 3 Jun. 2019].
World Health Organization. (2019). Air pollution. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/airpollution/en/ [Accessed 1 Jun. 2019].


From Lost Fables Wiki
One of the rarest of all Alemnetries, a Storm Alemnetry is created only when there’s an intense lightning storm directly over the convergence of several ley lines. The wellspring of these ley lines must be struck by lightning several hundred times before it vomits a bolt of pure white lightning back into the sky, breathing destructive life into the storm above, which immediately responds by growing far more intense and destructive. Winds blow faster, lightning strikes more often, and the rain or hail begins to beat down harder. Luckily, these Alemnetries get rid of themselves almost as quickly as they’re born, consuming and pouring down all the rest of the wrath that the storm would have had in a twentieth of the time. It is said that there are places in the tropics where Storm Alemnetries can rage for weeks at a time, annihilating whole island nations, but such times are rare in the extreme and rely on unfortunate weather conditions during their monsoon season. After they’re gone, they drop their heart, a small, compact orb about a foot in diameter, within which a small storm will always rage. They are said to be excellent devices to observe to learn the Truths which bind storms together, but they are almost always destroyed in their plummet from the sky, making an intact Storm Alemnetry heart an object of almost unparalleled value.
Wildly and randomly destructive, completely mindless.
Vastly, incalculably powerful. A natural disaster like no other.
Short-lived. Typically they exist for less than an hour and concentrate the energies of a storm in a small area. Sheltering underground is advised.


Increasing the percentage of renewable energy is one of the most important measures we have to limit global warming.
Statkraft’s business is climate-friendly. The use of renewable energy resources is one of the most important means of limiting emissions of climate gases.
”The development and utilisation of electricity from renewable sources are one of the most important measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ” says Statkraft CEO Christian Rynning-Tønnesen. He is one of the participants at the ZERO11 climate conference today.


(Thanks to Greg Worrel for the link. Thanks Greg!)
WASHINGTON, DC—Braving balmy temperatures and sunny skies, millions of scarfless snowmen and snowwomen gathered in cities across the world Tuesday to raise public awareness about the heavy toll global warming is taking on their health and well-being.
According to organizers of marches in Washington, Atlanta, Montreal, Berlin, London, Reykjavik, and Moscow, global warming is the primary cause of the steep reduction in the snowman population throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Demonstrators worldwide called on their governments to take more aggressive steps to reduce the effects of climate change.
Read the full story at http://www.theonion.com/content/node/44676/print/.


The ozone layer forms a thick layer in stratosphere, encircling the earth, that has large amount of ozone in it. The effect of the ozone hole and the damage done to the layer is still not very well understood.
Ozone layer recovery The recognition of the dangers presented by chlorine and bromine to the ozone layer spawned an international effort to restrict the production and the use of CFCs and other halocarbons.
However, this has been met with a great deal of resistance from industries that are based on the production and use of the gases. Arctic ozone decreases of as much as 40 percent have been measured.
In this process, it also absorbs ultraviolet radiations that are dangerous for most living beings. They do this by simply stripping off an atom from the ozone molecule. Within this polar vortexover 50 percent of the lower stratospheric ozone is destroyed during the Antarctic spring.
Under Ruckelshaus and his successor, Lee Thomas, the EPA pushed for an international approach to halocarbon regulations. Laboratory studies have also shown that fluorine and iodine atoms participate in analogous catalytic cycles.
This treaty helped in the reduction of the production of these harmful human-made chemicals. Gardiner, and Jonathan D. Let us take a look at how ozone depletion affects different life forms. The production and emission of chlorofluorocarbons CFCsis the leading cause of ozone layer depletion.
The extremely cold temperatures inside the vortex lead to the formation of PSCs, which occur at altitudes of roughly 12 to 22 km about 7 to 14 miles. Ultraviolet rays are harmful rays that can drive up the risk of deadly disorders like skin cancer, cataracts and damage the immune system.
Other ill-effects of the reduction of protective ozone layer include — increase in the incidence of cataracts, sunburns and suppression of the immune system.
Anderson and collaborators, of chlorine monoxide ClO in the stratosphere. Cl and Br atoms destroy ozone molecules through a variety of catalytic cycles. Plant growth can be directly affected by UV-B radiation.
The findings suggest "rising UV levels as a result of ozone depletion are to blame for the observed skin damage, in the same way that human skin cancer rates have been on the increase in recent decades. Without the protective effect of ozone, life on Earth would not have evolved the way it has.
Constant exposure to UV radiation can cause photo allergy, which results in the outbreak of rashes in fair-skinned people. However, the protocol never covered nitrous oxide, which is a known harmful chemical that can destroy the ozone layer.
At the same time, increase in the level of ozone in the lower atmosphere can enhance the ability of sunlight to synthesize vitamin D, which can be regarded as an important beneficial effect of ozone layer depletion. Exposure to ultraviolet rays poses an increased risk of developing several types of skin cancers, including malignant melanoma, and basal and squamous cell carcinoma.
There are no significant trends in the tropics, largely because halogen-containing compounds have not had time to break down and release chlorine and bromine atoms at tropical latitudes. This is why ozone holes first formed, and are deeper, over Antarctica.
All of these gases contain chlorine, which is a major cause behind the thinning of the ozone layer. A critical DuPont manufacturing patent for Freon was set to expire in For most people burning is followed by tanning within a couple of days.
However, these were initially rejected as unreasonable by data quality control algorithms they were filtered out as errors since the values were unexpectedly low ; the ozone hole was detected only in satellite data when the raw data was reprocessed following evidence of ozone depletion in in situ observations.
However, various factors have led to the depletion and damage of this protective layer.Some scientists are concerned that thinning of Earth's protective ozone layer may cause more cases of skin cancer. The ozone layer is a band of gas high in the atmosphere.
It filters some UV radiation from sunlight.
Effects on Human Health. Ozone layer depletion increases the amount of UVB that reaches the Earth’s surface. Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that UVB causes non-melanoma skin cancer and plays.
An increase in the levels of UV-B reaching the Earth as a result of ozone depletion may compound the effects of spending more time in the Sun.
According to some estimates a sustained 10% global loss of ozone may lead to a 26% increase in the incidence of skin cancers among fair skinned people. Start studying greenhouse effect and thinning of the ozone layer. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The ozone layer is responsible for absorbing harmful ultraviolet rays, and preventing them from entering the Earth's atmosphere. However, various factors have led to the depletion and damage of this protective layer.
Learn more about the process, causes, and effects of ozone layer depletion. Climate change linked to ozone loss: May result in more skin cancer climate change and depletion of the ozone layer over the US could allow more damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach.Download


By Mike Cronin
The human race is causing the earth’s climate to change in a destructive way, mainly by putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing acceleration of the greenhouse effect (warming the planet up faster than if it had been “left alone”).
The evidence you may have heard:
The global average temperature has risen over the last century. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere released by human activity has risen dramatically as a result of technological advancement from fire to steam to fossil-fuel burning for energy. The science is settled.
The polar ice caps are melting. Glaciers are receding.
97% of climate scientists are in consensus that global climate change is occurring and that it is being caused by man.
Let’s break it down.
- “The average global temperature (AGT) has not increased since 1995 and has declined since 2002, despite an increase in atmospheric CO2 of 8% since 1995.” The earth’s climate is changing – it always has. The increased carbon dioxide released by human activity since the industrial revolution MAY indeed be a factor. Some evidence is suggestive, but not incontrovertible. The science is NOT settled.
- Carbon dioxide is not a major greenhouse gas. Water vapor is the most important one.
- Regardless, climate change is inevitable – over time. That doesn’t make it a crisis. We can adapt. It is what we excel at as a species.
- Both the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are growing in thickness and cooling at their summit. Sea ice around Antarctica attained a record area in 2007.
- Consensus has no bearing on physical reality.
- The fact that 97% of climate scientists agree is irrelevant; the 3% of climate scientists who don’t concur with their colleagues might be correct.
- The “fact” that 97% of climate scientists agree is itself not settled science!
The science of global climate change has been hijacked by ideologues who want to further their own agendas using scientific nomenclature to scare us laymen. Note how all of the “solutions” to global climate change always seem to require some sacrifice from the developed world. Note how the term “climate change denier” has become all but synonymous with the word “heretic.”
- Consider that in the 1970s, the scare was over global cooling. Then it was global warming. Now it’s “climate change.”
- Consider that the organization most responsible for climate change alarmism is the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Is it a political body, or a scientific one? Note that “solutions” to global climate change promoted by the IPCC, such as the so-called Kyoto Protocols, require developed nations to curtail carbon-dioxide producing activity, but allow developing nations to continue to produce CO2, as if the climate is sensitive to where CO2 comes from and who benefitted from its emission – a rich country or a poor one.
So, what can we do?
- Don’t be alarmed, be skeptical.
- Don’t go out of your way to add CO2 to the atmosphere, but don’t take a guilt trip if you drive an SUV or don’t recycle. Live your life as you will, on your own terms.
- Be wary of politicians, educators, and celebrities that proselytize the religion of climate change. They can’t save you from it even if they are right, but humanity can adapt.
2 thoughts on “Are We Truly Guilty of Damaging the Climate?”
I like the balance of perspective in this piece. And yes, humanity can (and will) adapt to whatever comes.
Thanks for the comment, Maia.


Laser-Based Monitoring of Fugitive Gases
Project period: 09/2015 - 08/2016
To date, there exists no standard laser technique to quantify fugitive atmospheric emissions from biogas plants and other industrial sources. Current research identifies open path spectrometry together with inverse dispersion modeling as a powerful technique for ugitive emission quantification. The objective of this project is to develop a user-friendly “plug-andplay” system for fugitive emissions onitoring. Boreal Laser’s new spectrometer will be modified and ntegrated with a dispersion algorithm to enable the quantification of fugitive emission from industrial sources such as biogas plant. DBFZ will then test the system and work on its optimization. This will lead to an emissions measurement protocol that should become a standard emissions measurement tool for service providers. This project will be art of the larger EU ERA-NET Bioenergy Project.
Boreal Laser Inc.
Location: Edmonton, Canada
Products: Laser-based gas detectors/greenhouse gas monitors
detectors. Gas leak detection is the process of identifying
potentially hazardous gas leaks using sensors. The company’s
systems monitor and quantify gas emissions in large spaces
like gas plants, landfill sites and agricultural operations, where
the emissions can come from multiple sources. Boreal Laser’s
detection technology can do this for critical hazardous gas or
toxic gas detection applications, including greenhouse gas
emissions. If a critical gas level is reached, an alert is sent to
alarms and cell phones with situation specific details available
on a website. The company’s GasFinder systems have grown
into a family of high precision industrial monitoring solutions
for any scale of operation and have become an accepted
technology in 40 countries to date.
Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH (DBFZ)
Location: Leipzig, Germany
Research area: Bioenergy Systems, Biochemical Conversion, Thermo-chemical Conversion and Biorefineries


Met Office warns of more heavy rain, with southern England to be worst hit
There is more heavy rain on the way, the Met Office has warned – bringing with it a risk of flash flooding in some areas.
The weekend has proved to be a washout so far, with England and Scotland fans watching Friday night’s game on screens in Leicester Square, London getting a soaking.
There were delays at Royal Ascot as officials adjusted the course to avoid the worst of the soggy ground. Saturday dawned grey but significantly drier – but England is due another drenching overnight.
Alex Burkhill, a meteorologist with the Met Office, said parts of southern England could get 10mm-15mm (0.4in-0.6in) or even 20mm in an hour on Saturday night going into Sunday. The total rainfalls could reach 30mm over two or three hours in areas of Kent, Essex and East Sussex.
The Environment Agency currently has 12 flood alerts in force spanning locations in greater London, the Midlands and up into South Yorkshire. It means flooding is possible and residents should be prepared.
There is one flood warning in place, meaning flooding is expected, at the River Loddon and Blackwater at Swallowfield in Berkshire.
By Saturday afternoon cars already faced perilous routes through flooded roads.
Burkhill said: “It is definitely heavy rain for any time of year but it is not unusual. At this time of year we generally get more intense rain. It may not go on as long as the winter and autumn months, but this time of year the rain has a lot more energy because of the warm air and there is a greater risk of flash flooding.”
He continued: “Unlike winter when long periods of rain cause water levels to rise and rivers to burst their banks, in summer there are periods of intense rain – really heavy for a short period – and you get flash floods when drains become blocked or are unable to cope with intense rainfall.”
The rain is expected to continue into next week and beyond.
Burkhill said: “The heaviest rain will be in the south-east, but partly because of the timing the impacts aren’t thought to be heavy enough to warrant a warning at the moment. On Monday there will be more showery rain coming up from the south affecting the southern half of England.”
He continued: “On Tuesday it is looking like a drier day, but more wet weather will come in from the west-north-west as we go into the latter half of next week. There will be some drier days but that is not to say that we have come to the end of this unsettled period.”
It is a similar picture across the UK, with all four countries facing at least another week of grey skies.
“There has been quite a lot of unsettled weather recently,” Burkhill said. “The heaviest has generally been across southern parts – moving in from the near continent, across the Channel and into the UK.”
The Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency has issued advice on driving safely through summer showers. Its tips include allowing at least double the usual separation distance between your vehicle and the one in front, keeping speeds down and using dipped headlights so that other drivers can see you.


PROBLEM: Indoor Air Pollution
It used to be that air quality from the outside was thought to be the most hazardous form of pollution to the human body. Who would have thought the indoor pollution found in your very own home could be even more dangerous?
Indoor pollutants fall into two major categories:
1. Particulate matter, which includes dust, smoke, pollen, and particles generated from combustion appliances, as well as biological particles associated with tiny organisms such as dust mites, bacteria, and molds.
2. Gaseous pollutants that also come from combustion processes, but are in gaseous rather than particle form, and also come from the use of products such as adhesives, paints, cleaning products, and pesticides.
The U.S. Government Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) warns, “Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health but may not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant effects. EPA studies of human exposure to air pollutants indicate that indoor air levels of many pollutants may be 2–5 times, and on occasion more than 100 times, higher than outdoor levels. These levels of indoor air pollutants are of particular concern because it is estimated that most people spend as much as 90 percent of their time indoors. In recent years, comparative risk studies performed by the EPA and its Science Advisory Board (SAB) have consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top five environmental risks to public health.”1
Other pollutant sources found in the home include gas, kerosene, coal, wood, pesticides, and products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or certain indoor hobbies. Even central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices can’t be ruled out when it comes to polluting the home.
The amount of outdoor air that enters the home plays a major role in the effect these contaminants have on human health. If too little of this air enters the home, these pollutants can pose health risks. Because some weather conditions can reduce the amount of outdoor air that enters a home, pollutants can build up even more.2


A sudden drop in sunlight caused by volcanic activity or biologically induced cloud formation may have been enough to cause Snowball Earths, according to a new mathematical model published in Proceedings of the Royal Society A. "The model captures essential aspects of the relationships between incoming and outgoing solar radiation, the surface temperature of the Earth, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the processes that control atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on long timescales," explained Constantin Arnscheidt, the study's lead author.
Sign up for Sigma Xi SmartBrief
News on scientific research and innovation
Get the intelligence you need: news and information that is changing your industry today, hand-curated by our professional editors from thousands of sources and delivered straight to your inbox.


A study of air pollutants influencing life expectancy and longevity from spatial perspective in China.
Life expectancy and longevityare influenced by air pollutants and socioeconomic status, but the extend and significanceare still unclear. Better understanding how the spatial differences of life expectancy and longevityare affected by air pollutants is needed for generating public health and environmental strategies since the whole of China is now threatened by deteriorated air quality. 85 major city regions were chosen as research areas. Geographically Weight Regression (GWR) and Stepwise Regression (SR) were used to find the spatial correlations between health indicators and air pollutants, adjusted by per capita GDP(1). The results were, regions with higher life expectancy were mainly located in the east area and areas with good air quality, a regional difference of 10 μg/m(3) in ambient air SO2(2) could cause adjusted 0.28 year's difference in life expectancy, a regional difference of 10 μg/m(3) in ambient air PM10(3) could lead to a longevity ratio difference of 2.23, and per capita GDP was positively associating with life expectancy but not longevity ratio, with a regional difference of 10,000 RMB(4) associating with adjusted 0.49 year's difference in life expectancy. This research also showed the evidences that there exist spatially differences for ambient air PM10 and SO2 influencing life expectancy and longevity in China, and this influences were clearer in south China.


- Cover image by Luke Tscharke Photography
- Thirteen carefully selected photographs from all corners of Australia, each capturing an authentic and breathtaking weather experience.
- Simple explanations of the weather in the photographs, with full-colour diagrams.
- One month to a page, with large daily squares to write your appointments and activities.
- Daily squares marking Australian public holidays, daylight saving dates, moon phases, solstices and equinoxes.
- Weeks that start on Monday, making it easy to record weekend activities that stretch across Saturday and Sunday.
- Monthly average weather conditions for 12 major cities—including average maximum and minimum temperatures, and average rainfall.


With two major storms creating chaos across several parts of the United Kingdom over the past few days, the need for advanced weather forecasting has become essential in the country. As an initiative, the UK government has reportedly announced an investment of £1.2 billion on a new state-of-the-art supercomputer to upgrade climate and severe weather forecasting.
Sources cite that this supercomputer will be ten times faster than the existing Cray XC40 computer. The data obtained from a new supercomputer will be utilized to precisely predict storms forecast to outline flood defense strategy.
In this month, storms Dennis and Ciara were forecasted and mapped 5 days before they hit the United Kingdom. With the current technology in place, government authorities in the UK can forecast climatic changes every hour, in lieu of every three hours.
The existing Cray supercomputers would reach their end of life in 2022. The new supercomputer is anticipated to increase the computing capacity by 6 folds. UK’s national weather service, the Met Office, will be in charge of this new advanced supercomputer.
Penny Endersby, Met Office Chief Executive, stated that this investment would ultimately offer a prior precise warning of crucial weather conditions, the information required to develop a resilient world in a varying climate, and help support the shift towards a low carbon economy across the United Kingdom.
Endersby added that it would help the country to continue to lead the field in climate and weather science and services, working collaboratively to assure that the agency’s work would help the government, industries, and public to make better decisions to stay safe and thrive.
Reportedly, the investment will support 7 HPC (High-Performance Computing) services at universities across the United Kingdom. These include the University of Edinburgh, Queen’s University Belfast, and Durham University. The move will enable researchers access powerful systems, especially relevant in areas like the development of AI, energy supply and storage, and therapeutic drug design.


Home » United Tribes Events
UTTC Upcoming Events and Conferences
Saturday, April 26, 2014
10 am - 2 pm
The Bismarck National Weather Service will provide a SKYWARN Training at the United Tribes Technical College Campus (Wellness Center– Healing Room). The training is offered nationally and covers the following topics: Basics of thunderstorm development, Fundamentals of storm structure, Identifying potential severe weather features, How to report information and Basic severe weather safety.
OSHA 10 hour safety training for both General Industry and Construction.
United Tribes Technical College
3315 University Drive
Bismarck, ND 58504


Uncle John knows pretty much everything—and for what he doesn’t know, he has a massive research library. So go ahead: in the comments below, ask Uncle John anything. (And if we answer your question sometime, we’ll send you a free book!)
Why are weathermen called meteorologists?
Like the names of many scientific disciplines, “meteorologist” comes from Ancient Greek. In about 340 B.C., Aristotle wrote Meteorologica, a compendium of what was, at the time, complete Western knowledge of weather and climate. Aristotle took the name from meteoros, a Greek word which referred to anything that was in, came from, or fell from the atmosphere, or “the sky.” That includes rain, rainbows, the climate in general, snow, ice, hail…and rocks falling from space, which today are known as meteors and meteorites.
Over the centuries, as humans acquired more knowledge, the disciplines of the study of weather and astronomical phenomena split into two separate scientific fields. The study of weather study kept the name meteorology, and now means a study of the atmosphere, weather, and climate. And since “meteorologist” was taken, people who actually study meteors are called meteoricists.
However, they aren’t mutually exclusive. Weather certainly affects how and when meteors enter the atmosphere, and how or if they’ll burn up—that’s something of interest to both meteorologists and meteoricists.


Biochar is now being used by the oil and natural gas industries as an economical method of complying with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) air and water quality regulations.
The EPA recently proposed standards to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air toxics from oil and natural gas wells. The new rules also aim to significantly reduce the potent greenhouse gas, methane.
To comply during drilling operations, biochar is applied to the soil in oil and gas production areas to decontaminate the well cuttings. In so doing, hydrocarbons and VOCs are captured and sequestered in the biochar and broken down to nontoxic levels before they are off-gassed into the atmosphere. This process compares to traditional off-gassing into the atmosphere. A biochar filtration process is used to purify producer water from wells. Biochar removes pollutants allowing for the discharge of clean water.


Zaporozhye State Medical University
Introduction. The growing man-made pressure on the environment gives rise to a number of different environmental problems. In the cities, transport is the main link of their operation on one hand, and on the other - one of the dominant sources of pollution. These factors promote development of adverse environmental conditions for the professional activities of taxi drivers, who are in the midst of the pollution from mobile sources. Atmospheric pollution from motor vehicles exerts a significant effect on the incidence of respiratory diseases, cancer, prevalence of diseases of the cardiovascular system, blood and bloodforming organs. Among the drivers of cars it is recorded a higher incidence of temporary disability and disability.
Рurpose –To identify the main factors showing the specificity of work of taxi drivers in a large industrial city with eco-environmental change.
Materials and methods. In order to characterize the environmental situation in the area of operations of the taxi drivers, the following indicators were used: general emissions from mobile sources, specific emissions per 1 km2, the total rate of air pollution (ΣРР/МРР). Determination of the composition and intensity of traffic were carried out in four nodes of transport interchanges. The observations were made during the light time of the day. The studied occupational groups numbered 78 drivers.
Results. The industrial ecology for taxi drivers can be presented as a model, a constituent unit of which is "Urbanization typology", "Industrial emissions", "Meteorological conditions", "Transport and technological factors of the air pollution", "Factors, aggravating the harmful effects of pollutants", "Health status". The backbone element is the working conditions of drivers of minibuses, which, on one hand, are formed by a number of environmental and occupational factors. On the other hand, the working conditions determine the state of health of drivers in the industrial center. The dominant feature of the atmospheric pollution is a steady increase in the proportion of mobile sources in the total amount of emissions. For example, if the share of the road transport emissions in Zaporozhye was 8,7 % in 1990, in 2011 it made 28,8 %, in 2014. – 30,6 %. This led to average annual emissions from motor vehicles over the period 2009–2014, which amounted to (44852,7 ± 1484,3) tons and specific emissions to 132365,8 kg/km2. From the vehicles into the air of the industrial city it was emitted carbon dioxide (1461990,3 kg/km2), carbon monoxide (101822,8 kg/km2) and non-methane compounds (15183,7 kg/km2).
Conclusions. In the modern period the air pollution from motor transport in industrial cities is a great problem, which is complicated by the difficulty of dispersion in the breathing zone. The air pollution in industrial cities is one of causes of occupational health risks for taxi drivers. There have been determined several factors showing the specificity of work of taxi drivers in eco-changing environment of the industrial city. These are: "Urbanization typology", "Industrial emissions", "Meteorological conditions", "Transport and technological factors of the air pollution", "Factors, aggravating the harmful effects of pollutants", "Health status".
Key words: taxi drivers, working conditions, environment pollution


Typhoon Lando (Typhoon Koppu as it is internationally known) is the second most powerful typhoon to hit the Philippines in 2015, according to weather scientists. Pouring rains and winds blowing by up to 210km/h were recorded while Philippines National Disaster and Rescue authority recorded 68 areas hit by flooding.
The typhoon reached the Philippines over the week end and flooded large parts of Northern and Central Luzon Island. It however did not reach Manila. On Monday, the typhoon had weakened overnight as it slowly crossed the Cordilleras acccording to state weather bureau PAGASA. While weakened, it is expected to continue to bring heavy rain at least until Wednesday, disrupting travel to Northern Philippines. The weather should be back to normal by the end of the week.
Some 60,000 people have been forced to leave their home and 16 people have died so far during the storm. Authorities expect however that the death toll will continue to rise as full accounts from badly hit villages were gathered.
Authorities warn of further flooding, falling debris and landslides.
Electricity and communications were cut in some parts of Northern Luzon. Many roads are now blocked due to toppled trees. The Department of Public Works and Highways closed consequently 29 roads to traffic, particularly in the Cordillera region. Tourist attractions such as UNESCO famed Ifugao rice terraces as well as the historical city of Vigan in Ilocos Sur are for the time being not accessible for visitors. On Tuesday morning, flights from Manila to Laoag, Northern Philippines’ largest airport, were cancelled.


Coastal areas near Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh are marked as high alert due to severe cyclonic storm. Cardah hit over west central areas of Nellore and at speed of 180 KM from north areas of Chennai. Yesterday visakahapatanam weather forecast declared a high alert on particular areas between Chennai to Nellore. Both the governments of Andhra and Tamilnadu had taken action and precautions acts to save people from this sever cyclonic storm.
Take a look at live forecast: about cyclone Vardah
According to weather reports it is likely to cross from south coastal areas of pulicat lake, and wind speed ranges between 80 to 90 KMPH.
All the fishermen are informed not to venture into sea for 2 to 4 days, the weather conditions become very worse for next 36 hours. From this morning according to forecast reports.
Nearly 11 mandals under Nellore district are marked as high alert zones the areas such as sullurupet and gudur are kept on sever high alert.
Necessary cautions have been taken by Government of Andhra Pradesh to avoid critical situations. All the arrangements have been done.
Weather condition at Tamilnadu:
Nearly 44 villages at Kanchipuram have been shifted to safe zone, over 200 people from tiruvallur have been rescued. The areas such as Chennai, Kanchipuram and tiruvallur districts are marked as high alert zone. The people of tamilnadu are clearly informed about this cyclonic effect and asked not to panic. They were informed to tune government weather forecast channel for more updates related to Vardah. The Indian army and air force under action to attend immediate needs for people.
Over 500 men from fire and safety department are ready to support cyclone affected areas in between Chennai and Nellore. The food reserves are ready to supply for affected areas. All the government and private schools are colleges are closed for these 2 days.


A serious winter storm with hundreds of thousands of People in its path introduced a mixture of rain, freezing rain and snow to the nation’s midsection Wednesday as airways canceled hundreds of flights, officers urged residents to remain off roads, and faculties closed campuses.
The blast of frigid climate, which started arriving Tuesday evening, put a protracted stretch of states from New Mexico and Colorado to Maine beneath winter storm warnings and watches. On Wednesday morning, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana and Michigan noticed freezing rain, sleet and snow.
Greater than a foot of snow was anticipated in components of central Missouri and Michigan, and as much as a foot of snow may fall Wednesday and Thursday in central and northeastern Illinois. Twelve to 18 inches of snow is feasible in areas of northern Indiana, stated Andrew Orrison, a meteorologist with the Nationwide Climate Service in School Park, Md.


WebDab - EMEP database
WebDab is the emission database of EMEP (Co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of long range transmission of air pollutants in Europe) open to public for interactive use via Internet.
Emissions on Main Pollutants, Heavy Metals, Persistent Organic Pollutants and Particulate Matter are available as totals/sectors and as gridded emissions both for officially reported data and gap-filled emissions. The information on large point sources (LPS) is provided as well. WebDab is regularly updated and includes:
- EMISSIONS AS REPORTED BY PARTIES [1980 to (N-2) year]
- EMISSIONS USED IN EMEP MODELS [1980, 1985, 1990 to (N-2) year]
- ACTIVITY DATA data reported by Parties [1980, 1985, 1990 to (N-2) year]
WebDab contains all emission data officially submitted to the secretariat of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) by Parties to the Convention. The officially reported emission data should be cited as: EMEP/CEIP 2014 Present state of emission data; http://www.ceip.at/webdab_emepdatabase/reported_emissiondata/ or http://www.ceip.at/status_reporting/2014_submissions/.
Data for modelers
Not reported emissions are gap-filled (EMEP interpolation routine) in order to create complete sectoral gridded emissions for the whole of the EMEP area so that EMEP Centers are able to fulfill their commitments to perform dispersion modeling.
Gap-filled emissions estimated by the CEIP (2006 onwards), the Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - West (MSC-W) (1980, 1985, 1990-2005) and East (MSC-E) (1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995) of EMEP are also available.
Gap-filled emissions of Main Pollutants and particulate matter (PM) are generally made by completing and correcting/substituting officially reported data (for details see Technical review report 2009), while for heavy metals (HMs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the estimates presented here do not take officially reported data into account. Data for modelers should be cited as: EMEP/CEIP 2014 Present state of emissions as used in EMEP models; http://www.ceip.at/webdab_emepdatabase/emissions_emepmodels/.
For further references and instructions, please consult our User Guide.
WebDab includes an option for visualizing maps of gridded data and LPS. It is also possible to visualize gridded data and large point source data (LPS) in Google Maps/Earth.
In addition, the EMEP interpolation routine to 0.5x0.5 degrees has been added and can be visualized in the mercator projection. Also test data for 2011 in the new 0.1°x0.1° (long-lat) resolution are now available in WebDab.
Up to 2002 there was an obligation to report emission data for greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under the LRTAP Convention. This obligation was removed in the process of harmonising emission reporting under the LRTAP Convention with other international bodies requesting emission data. The user is referred to the UNFCCC web database with respect to greenhouse gas emissions.
With the links below you can easily display emission trends of reported emissions and gap-filled emissions used in models.


Need For Regulation of Environmental Condition in Preservation of Library Collection
Library Herald Year : 2015, Volume : 53, Issue : 4 First page : ( 441) Last page : ( 452) Print ISSN : 0024-2292. Online ISSN : 0976-2469. Article DOI : 10.5958/0976-2469.2015.00040.8
Need For Regulation of Environmental Condition in Preservation of Library Collection in Tropical Area: Problem Faced at Sriniketan, Birbhum District of West Bengal
Sinha Atanu Kumar Palli Samgathana Vibhaga Library, Sriniketan, Visva-Bharati, West Bengal. E-mail: email@example.com
Abstract Weather poses a serious threat to the library collection of all types. Knowing the environmental conditions in a library/archive is essential for planning the best strategy for the preservation of collections effectively. In order to control temperature and relative humidity at a fixed level, these should be measured and recorded systematically. The present study deals with the objectives of finding out the month-wise average temperature (both maximum and minimum) and relative humidity, all time record of temperature and relative humidity of the area under study, month-wise average sunlight hours of the area under study for the last ten years (2005–2014). Gives an outline about the reasons of deterioration of library collection, and proposes curative measures of the library collection anywhere in tropical areas, with special reference to Sriniketan, Birbhum district of West Bengal. Discusses some major guidelines for regulating environmental conditions in preserving library collection. The study is based on the ten years data collected from the Meteorological Department, Sriniketan, West Bengal. Annual Reports of Visva-Bharati have been used for collecting data like library collection, year of establishment, area of library. From the data analysis it was found that maximum temperature was 45.9ºC on April 04, 2010 and minimum was 4.9OC on January 01, 2013. Relative humidity remains 58 to 85 in Sriniketan. During the period of study average lowest humidity was 58.15% in March and average highest humidity was 85.54% in September. A maximum sunlight hour was 11.2 hours on August 09, 2007. Findings of the study may help the authority of libraries of Visva-Bharati Library Network as well as respective Bhavan Administration to adopt the appropriate measures towards controlling temperature, relative humidity, etc. to protect their valuable library collection.
Keywords Deterioration, Library Collection, Climatic Condition, Meteorological Data, Meteorological Observatory, Sriniketan, Visva-Bharati Library Network,Sinha Atanu Kumar.


Cloudy early, then off and on rain showers for the afternoon. High around 65F. Winds WSW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 40%..
Cloudy skies with periods of rain late. Low near 55F. Winds SW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 90%. Rainfall around a quarter of an inch.
Updated: January 21, 2021 @ 5:44 am


January 5, 2008
Huge Storm Hits Bay Area!
A huge storm hit Marin yesterday and today. Trees toppled on cars and houses and flooding occurred everywhere. At one point yesterday Marin was gridlocked with the highways, bridges and side-streets closed down. After being down in SoCal for the last 10 months, I forgot what a storm looked like. Los Angeles is getting rain too, but had been incredibly dry before the most recent storms hit. Check out the links and pics of the Bay Area storm for more info.
- Video of Storm That Closed Richmond-San Rafael Bridge.
- Falling trees, flooded roads.
- Storm pummels Bay.
- Man Rescued From Richardson Bay.
- Weekend Storm.
Posted by Mossworld at 11:04 AM


When it comes to weather conditions, Augusta National doesn’t get much better than it did on Thursday at these 2023 Masters. But according to the latest Masters forecast, things are about to take an ugly turn on Friday and Saturday.
If you were lucky enough to be a patron on the grounds or a player between the ropes at Augusta National on Thursday, you were treated to warm, humid temperatures and barely a breeze when it came to the wind.
Players in both the morning and afternoon waves benefitted from the calm conditions and receptive greens, with many of them going low, including the trio of co-leaders — Jon Rahm, Viktor Hovland and Brooks Koepka — who each managed impressive rounds of 65.
Masters weather forecast for Friday, Saturday
Unfortunately, the fun will likely come to an end on Friday. According to Weather.com, after a cloudy start to the day, thunderstorms will roll into Augusta at 12 p.m. ET. Thunderstorms will stick around until 4 p.m. ET, when they turn to rain and the wind picks up to 14 mph by 7 p.m. ET.
As a result of the impending storms, second-round tee times have been pushed up 30 minutes. That’s good news for players scheduled to tee off in tomorrow’s morning wave, some of whom should finish their entire second rounds. However, if the forecast holds true, the tee time adjustment will be of little help to the afternoon wave.
In the worst case scenario, some players may not even be able to begin their second rounds on Friday. Unfortunately, the weather forecast doesn’t look much better for Saturday. In fact, it might be worse.
|The Masters Streaming in 4K
|The Masters Streaming in HD
As of this writing, the forecast calls for rain all day Saturday, with the chance of precipitation stubbornly sticking in the 90% and above range. Temperatures will plummet into the high-40s, and steady winds up to 14 mph will harass players as well, that is, if any golf ends up being played on Saturday.
All of this is bad news for Masters tournament officials. Unless the forecast improves dramatically, weather delays are a certainty on Friday and Saturday, which will wreak havoc on the schedule. Rain and wind are also predicted for Sunday morning, which means there is a realistic chance we could experience a rare Monday finish at this year’s Masters.
Courtesy of GOLF.com


OSU Students Design Tornado-Chasing UAVs
Students from Oklahoma State University’s department of mechanical and aerospace engineering have designed storm- penetrating air vehicles. The photo is a model of how the UAV works.
Students from Oklahoma State University’s department of mechanical and aerospace engineering have designed storm-penetrating air vehicles. The unmanned aircraft are designed to penetrate thunderstorms, including the supercells that spawn tornadoes, and obtain meteorological data vital for weather forecasting.
“Oklahoma, along with many regions in the U.S., has to deal with severe weather year- round, but violent thunderstorms and tornadoes are most worrisome,” said Jamey Jacob, an MAE professor who oversaw the project. “Better prediction methods can save lives, but this also requires more data about how storms form.”
The vehicles collect important information about weather systems that can be used for both immediate forecasts of the storm’s path and strength and for predictive models. The data can also be used in numerical simulations to aid meteorologists in their understanding of tornado genesis.
Three teams of OSU aerospace engineering juniors participated in the project: the Barnstormers, the Flying Honey Badgers, and the Stormtroopers. Each team designed a vehicle with corresponding onboard sensors, ground control, launch and recovery systems that could be deployed from a catapult or unimproved surface, such as a dirt road. The aircraft, controlled by a pilot on the ground, would penetrate the storm and relay data back to the ground crew. Some of the teams’ designs also included provisions to deploy meteorological sounding devices, which would provide extra data about the thermodynamic properties of the storm system.


Seventy of 74 Chinese cities monitored nationwide suffered from air pollution in the third quarter of this year, the environmental watchdog announced Wednesday.
Five cities failed to meet the standards set by the Ministry of Environmental Protection 50 percent of the 92 days in the third quarter, said Luo Yi, head of the ministry's environment monitoring department.
Seven cities in Beijing's neighboring Hebei Province, including Xingtai, Tangshan, Baoding, Handan, Hengshui, Langfang and Shijiazhuang were among the ten most polluted, together with Jinan in Shandong Province, Zhengzhou in Henan Province, and the southwestern city of Chengdu.
The ministry said ozone overtook PM2.5 to become the main air pollutant in 74 Chinese cities from July to September.
In Beijing, nearly 46 percent of the 92 days were polluted, with three days of heavy pollution, and the main pollutants were ozone and PM2.5, said the report.
Residents in Shanghai and Guangzhou experienced better air quality in the three months, with unpolluted days accounting for 73.9 percent and 79.3 percent, respectively.
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area and the Yangtze River Delta region witnessed less polluted days in the third quarter while the Pearl River Delta region did not see much change in the number of polluted days, the ministry said.
The ministry also named the 10 cities with the best air quality during the period, which were Haikou, Zhoushan, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Lishui, Zhuhai, Lhasa, Taizhou, Huizhou and Shenzhen.


Shortly after landing, suspected tornadoes caused by a storm destroyed or severely damaged at least 50 homes in a small town in Alabama, just north of the Florida border.
Nine children and one adult are dead after a crash Saturday, on Interstate 65 in Butler County.
In addition to the 10 people who died in the two-vehicle crash on Saturday, a tree fell on a house near the Tuscaloosa city limits - killing a 24-year-old man and a 3-year-old boy, Tuscaloosa Violent Crimes Unit's Capt. Marty Sellers told Tuscaloosa News.
Tropical Depression Claudette brought torrential rain to much of northern Alabama, Louisiana and Georgia late on Saturday.
And even though the storm was weakening, the National Hurricane Center issued a tropical storm watch for parts of the North Carolina coast, which could see the effects by Sunday night. Heavy rains, high winds and flash flooding contributed to the deaths of 12 people in Alabama Saturday, and while the storm has weakened, it is expected to regain strength as it makes its way toward the East Coast.
More than 20 people were rescued by boat due to flooding in Northport, Alabama, WVUA-TV reported. By Saturday afternoon, some areas of MS had received more than 11 inches of rain, and parts of southeastern Louisiana had received more than 8 inches, according to the weather service.
The Alabama Emergency Management Agency warned the threat of flooding and tornadoes will continue throughout the night.
Most of the damage was done in or near the towns of Brewton and East Brewton, about 48 miles north of Pensacola, Florida.
United Kingdom 'in third Covid wave and facing a serious public health situation'
The WHO says there's no clear timeline on when more vaccines will be available, but there is an urgent need for them. A total of 1,132,546 individuals have received one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine, while 790,071 have received two.
Local officials said the tornado "pretty much leveled" a mobile home park.
The National Hurricane Center declared Claudette organized enough to qualify as a named storm at 4 a.m. Saturday, well after the storm's center of circulation had come ashore southwest of New Orleans.
"It was kind of influenced", Jackson said.
The system was located about 25 miles west of Atlanta.
The storm came ashore in southeastern Louisiana early Saturday, with 40 miles per hour winds reported by mid-morning.
Tornadoes were also reported in southwestern Georgia.
Claudette is expected to produce rainfall totals of five to ten inches and isolated areas of 15 inches across areas in the central Gulf Coast. Forecasters were warning of the potential for flash flooding and mudslides.


There is a high possibility that a heavy snow warning will be issued in the Yeongdong region of Gangwon-do on the 19th, when the opening ceremony of the 2024 Gangwon Winter Youth Olympic Games will be held, so Gangwon-do has begun preparing countermeasures .The Korea Meteorological Administration predicted that rain and snow will continue for a long period of time, especially in the Yeongdong region, starting on the 18th, and that heavy snowfall warnings may be issued in some areas as a lot of snow accumulates. The expected snowfall amount by the 19th is 5 to 10 cm in the mountains of Gangwon (more than 15 cm in many places) and 2 to 7 cm in the east coast of central and northern Gangwon.
In relation to this, Gangwon Province is preparing for heavy snowfall by designating 195.1km of roads in the region where the Games are held as ‘Olympic key management roads’ and deploying snow removal equipment. The province has secured 104 pieces of equipment, including 9 Unimogs and 66 dump trucks, and 15,121 tons of snow removal materials such as calcium chloride Additionally, in preparation for heavy snowfall, additional snow removal equipment from the Yeongseo region is planned to be deployed to the Yeongdong region on the 19th. We plan to strengthen patrols and re-spray snow removal agents in vulnerable areas and vulnerable periods where re-freezing or thin ice is expected.
Road management agencies such as the city/county holding the road competition, the Land Administration, and the Korea Expressway Corporation will be on emergency duty until the 2nd of next month. A provincial official said, “We are assessing the current equipment status in order to deploy additional equipment in the Yeongseo region in preparation for heavy snowfall,” and added, “We will build a safe Olympic road with the 스포츠토토존 goal of completing snow removal as soon as the snow stops.”


Air quality can be impacted by various pollutants and weather events. Air pollutants that threaten the quality of our air include ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. If these pollutants are present in the air at high levels, they can become hazardous to us and our environment. Pollutant levels are influenced by air movements. Calm air movements, with little winds, mean that pollutants cannot disperse which causes them to build up to high levels. Whereas, turbulent air movements, where strong winds blow, pollutants can disperse quickly causing pollutant levels to drop.
Poor air quality can also be a result of extreme weather events such as dust storms and bushfires. They affect air quality immediately by causing:
– A decrease in air quality
– Health problems due to inhalation of fine particles, which may increase the chance of respiratory and cardiovascular disease particularly in children, and cause harm to the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions
– Reduction in visibility
– Residues on surfaces
Bushfires also release large amounts of substances which can result in the creation of ozone and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This has the potential for widespread damage to property, the environment, and human life.
Air quality in Queensland is generally considered as good as measured by National Environment Protection Measure (Air NEPM) advisory standards. The pollutants that are monitored throughout Queensland have mostly remained at good levels, with very few occurrences of overall poor air quality recorded. These occurrences have happened in periods when high particle levels have been recorded all areas across Queensland where monitoring takes place, when dust storms and bushfires have taken place. In both South East Queensland and Gladstone, some particle levels have occasionally been above the Air NEPM advisory standards, but this has been because of smoke from vegetation burning. Although the air quality in Queensland is mostly good, it is important that we continue to monitor air quality, so that future pollutant spikes and extreme weather events can be prepared for and managed.
Poor air quality can affect us by impacting our health in different ways. Therefore, controlling and reducing the levels of air pollutants is important for our health, as well as the environment. Air quality monitoring is an important step in the control and reduction of air pollutants. Anybody can view the live air data service to check the current levels of particles in the atmosphere at monitoring stations in the Queensland network. Go to the live air data page on the Department of Environment and Science website to see the air quality indices, which is updated hourly.


- This event has passed.
DFS Climate Change Webinar Series Continues
May 24, 2021 @ 8:00 am – 5:00 pm UTC+0
Session 1: Overview of Physical Risks from Climate Change in New York and the Northeast. This webinar will cover several climate-related physical changes that are likely to occur in the region such as flooding, extreme precipitation, snowfall, extreme temperature, and drought. The webinar will be led by Mark Lowery, the Assistant Director of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation’s Office of Climate Change.
DFS Registration: Click here with Password ClimChg052421


A Study on Recycling of Timber Waste and Fertilizer Production using Solar Powered Forced Air Supply
The maximum amount of air pollution was obtained in India from diesel engine vehicles operation and open burning of saw dust waste in saw mills. Indoor air pollution in a house or working place environment would produce health-related problems. The air pollution produced diseases in human beings were asthma, Lung cancer, and skin irritant. It affected particular age groups in more numbers. They were the age group of children and aged peoples. This study of saw dust recycling came under the Indoor air quality Engineering. This paper would give a chance to study indoor air pollution in deep and solve air pollution problems. The saw mills produced more amount of saw dust per year and dumped in open ground. In general, the saw dust was disposed of in the open ground firing method. The air pollution was increased by this type of activity done by the saw mill owners. Due to urbanization and population growth, the living people occupied nearby areas of saw mills would lead to health-related problems. The present study highly focused on the saw dust recycling process with forced air circulation driven by the solar-powered unit and reduction in composting time. The conversion of saw dust into a natural fertilizer (N-fertilizer) was highly possible and served as a natural gift to each farmer. This fertilizer was completely replaced the existing large scale usage of chemical fertilizer in the agricultural lands. This process was an eco-friendly, low cost, and high root absorption rate in agricultural cultivation. The continuous usage of natural fertilizer in a land practice would produce an increased yield up to 20-30% in all cultivation crops. The main benefit of natural fertilizer utilization would maintain the NPK in the soil for a long time.
Copyright (c) 2020 P Rajkumar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Fountain Hills Arizona is located in the Sonoran desert and deserts are very dry, so I often get asked, does it rain much in Fountain Hills and the surrounding areas? The answer is yes, it rains in Fountain Hills. The Sonoran Desert is actually one of the wettest deserts in the world, with two “rainy” seasons, December through March and July to Mid September which is considered the “monsoon season” where humid air surges in from the Gulf of California. The monsoon can bring strong winds, large hail, and sometimes a tornado but that is rare. Winter storms moving inland from the Pacific Ocean occasionally produce significant rains but occur infrequently.
When I moved here from Chicago and I heard about the monsoon season, I sort of laughed considering the extreme weather conditions in the Midwest, I felt I could handle about anything. I was curious about what was to come. I expected huge downpours and rolling tumble weeds, something right out of a wild west movie. It turned out to be much more subdued than I expected. The dust storms are pretty amazing to watch and I would not want to be out driving on one but the rain fall is nothing compared to what I am accustomed to. Chicago can get 8 inches of rainfall in a day and on average that is what Phoenix gets in a year. Below is a chart to give you an idea of how the Phoenix Metro area measures up.
I would love to talk to you about Real estate. You can reach me at 480 888 6708 or email me for quick answers to your questions!