1) Tornadoes - also known as twisters - are violently rotating columns of air that reach from a storm cloud to the earth's surface. 2) The winds of a tornado can reach speeds of up to 480km per hour - that's strong enough to peel the roofs off houses, uproot trees and hurl heavy objects, such as cars, hundreds of metres Below are 30 facts on Tornadoes Fact 1: A tornado is a strong, turbulent column of fast moving air, keeping in contact with the earth's surface. It is thus like a vertically formed cloud carrying dense water vapors, called the cumulonimbus cloud. The bottom end of the vortex is surrounded by a cloud of dust and debris Tornadoes are vertical funnels of rapidly spinning air. Their winds may top 250 miles an hour and can clear a pathway a mile wide and 50 miles long. Also known as twisters, tornadoes are born in.. Tornadoes are among the most violent winds on Earth, capable of unthinkable destruction in a matter of seconds. Sometimes unpredictable, these incredible weather phenomena are responsible for some..
Many people love following tornadoes, as from a distance they can look amazing! However, it's probably best to try and keep a strong tornado at more than just arm's length. Here are some truly interesting facts about tornadoes you may not have heard before! 1. They are quick but deadly. Tornadoes don't last long but can be devastating SHORT FACTS ABOUT TORNADOES !!! The cloud that forms a deadly tornado is called a supercell cloud. The fastest winds on Earth occur inside tornadoes. EF-5 tornadoes can have wind gusts of over 322 km (200 miles) per hour
An EF0 tornado is a tornado that has estimated wind speeds between 65 to 85 MPH. Can multiple tornadoes form at once? Yes, multiple tornadoes can form simultaneously. Such tornadoes are known as multi-vortex tornadoes. These types of tornadoes typically have a parent twister around which there might be one or more smaller rope tornadoes Important Facts To Remember About Tornadoes Or Twisters Tornadoes are extreme environmental events and often lead to property damage, injury, and death. Tornadoes or twisters manifest as rapidly rotating funnels of air which extend from a thunderstorm and maintain contact with the surface of the earth. Tornadoes are extreme environmental events. Tornadoes can reach wind speeds of up to 318 mph Most tornadoes have wind speeds of less than 100 miles per hour, but if it's a powerful tornado that has been labeled as F5 by the Fujita Scale it can reach wind speeds of up to 318 miles per hour. The fastest tornado ever recorded had a wind speed of 280 miles per hour Top 20 Facts About TornadoHere's a Text Preview :A tornado is as a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground with whirling..
This is a fun filled lesson all about tornadoes for kids! See real tornadoes form from giant thunderstorms and learn everything you need to know about these. Tornadoes are incredibly intense and powerful forms of extreme weather and they are something everyone should know about. They are capable of insane damage in a very short period of time. Even if you do not live in an area where tornadoes usually happen, it is still best to brush up on your tornado facts and be prepared, just in case Find out 10 fascinating facts about tornadoes below: 10. Tornadoes are measured on the Enhanced Fujita Scale . The Enhanced Fujita Scale is an updated version of the original Fujita Scale. The new EF scale was implemented on February 1, 2007. This rating is based on wind speeds and related damage. The ratings range from EF0 to EF5
11 Facts About Tornadoes A tornado is as a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground with whirling winds that can reach 300 mph. Damage paths of tornadoes can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. Tornadoes can accompany tropical storms and hurricanes once on land Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that extend from a thunderstorm to the ground. Tornadoes can destroy buildings, flip cars, and create deadly flying debris Mind-Twisting Tornado Facts: 6-10. 6. Tornadoes move forward and they can actually move at a speed of 73 miles or 117 kilometers an hour. 7. Long-lasting tornadoes can leave a destruction trail which can be 50 miles long and 1 mile wide. 8. Tornadoes have categories based on their destructive force. 9
Hello friends ! Today we will talk about facts of weather.Facts about weather/Facts about climate/Facts about tornado/ Facts about thunderstromeSubscribe the.. Here are some interesting facts about tornadoes. Popularly known as twisters, tornadoes are a destructive natural phenomenon. They are one of the most dangerous storms. They occur mainly in the US, although they can occur anywhere across the globe. Frightful and terrifying, they are fierce columns of air that rotate at a high speed Tornadoes are destructive columns of air that rotate and have contact between earth's surface and a cumulonimbus cloud. In unusual cases, tornadoes can make contact with earth's surface and cumulus clouds. Twisters, or cyclones are other names for what is formally known as a tornado. Tornadoes tend to come in many different shapes and sizes. Tornado Fun Facts Tornadoes are formed from thunderstorms. Thunderstorms alone do not cause tornadoes. However, when there is a change of wind direction, wind speed and temperature during a big thunderstorm, it is possible that a tornado can be formed Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 180 kilometers per hour (110 miles per hour), are about 80 meters (250 feet) across, and travel a several kilometers (few miles) before dissipating.. The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 480 kilometers per hour (300 miles per hour), are more than 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) in diameter, and stay on the ground for more than 100.
The most tornadoes recorded in a single calendar month is 817 during April 2011 across the USA. 6. The most in a year. The most tornadoes during a single year is 1820 in 2004 across the USA. 7. The deadliest. The 'Tri-State Tornado' on 18 March 1925 is known as the deadliest, killing 695 people. This tornado also travelled the furthest. Here are 22 interesting facts about Tornadoes 1-5 Tornado Facts 1. During the tornado outbreak of 1974, forecasters in Indiana, frustrated because they could not keep up with all of the simultaneous tornado activity, put the entire state under a blanket tornado warning. This was the only time in U.S. history that an entire stat A tornado, also known as a twister, is a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud that extends from a large thunderstorm to touch the ground. They are the fastest winds on Earth and can whirl up to 300 miles per hour. These rotating thunderstorms, also known as mesocyclones or supercells, birth tornadoes when a current of cool, moist air from the. Here is the funny side of tornado facts. A tornado in Oklahoma once destroyed a whole motel. People later found the motel's sign in Arkansas. In 1931, a tornado in Mississippi lifted an 83 ton train and threw it 80 feet from the track. There are various types of tornadoes, depending on where they land
SHORT FACTS ABOUT TORNADOES !!! The cloud that forms a deadly tornado is called a supercell cloud. The fastest winds on Earth occur inside tornadoes. EF-5 tornadoes can have wind gusts of over 322 km (200 miles) per hour. The deadliest tornado on record happened in Bangladesh in 1989, killing 1,300 people Tornado facts capture our attention as they teach us about the raw power of nature. Interesting facts about tornado for kids are a great way to get them excited about science. Tornadoes fascinate us so much that there are even tornado chasers who track down these destructive storms to get more tornado alley facts.. Tornadoes don't last for very long, so capturing tornado fun facts through. . Most tornado activity occurs in the afternoon and evening. Tornadoes can occur at any time, but they're most likely to happen between 4 and p.m ., according to the National Severe Storms. Interesting Facts About Tornadoes. interesting facts. (Interesting Fact (s)) It is estimated that enough straw is incinerated each year in the U.S. to build 5 million 2000 square foot homes. (Interesting Fact) During the days in which exploration of the states was prominent, the lechuguila species created a deadly obstacle for those who were. 2.Waterspout A waterspout is a spinning tube made of air over water. 3.Gustnado A gustnado is when warm air goes in the clouds and try to make cool air come out.Then in the distance the warm and cold air meet up and gustnado comes out. Mutiple vortex is two or more spinning tube
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.The windstorm is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology to name a weather system with a low-pressure area in the center around which, from an observer looking. Usually Tornado's will get about 0.6 miles wide. The widest it has gotten before is 2.6 in 2013. Some tornadoes can last on the ground for 10 minutes, or just for a minute. Sometimes tornadoes can last for 30 minutes to an hour or more than an hour. Most of the time a tornado gets 3 to 5 miles tall. The tallest it has gotten before is 7 miles Tornadoes can last to about 1-2 hours or 4 hours, in extreme cases, and can be as tall as 75 feet. Tornadoes are the fastest winds on the earth. Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over a body of water. The worst tornado outbreak in the US was on April 3 and 4, 1974, which saw 147 tornadoes across 13 states. A tornado in 1925 traveled over 200. Read Tornadoes Fast Facts on CNN and learn more about twisters, or the funnel-shaped clouds that form under thunderclouds and contain rapidly rotating air A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground. Tornadoes are the most violent of all atmospheric storms, and with wind speeds that are capable of reaching 300 mph, a tornado can quickly cause serious damage. These powerful storms occur during thunderstorms, forming within.
Interesting Tornadoes Facts: The United States is home to the most violent tornadoes in the world. There are approximately 800 to 1000 reported every year. In every season, every state in the United States has had tornadoes reported. Tornado alley in the United States is made up of Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Nebraska Facts About Tornadoes. December 16, 2012, cherran, Leave a comment. Tornadoes originate from heavy thunderstorms. They can cause severe damage to communities within seconds. The most common illustration of a tornado is a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud extending from the sky to the ground with winds reaching up to 300 miles per hour. Fact 1 Here are 12 cool facts about tornadoes to keep you from getting bored as you crouch in a dank, dark cellar hiding from the most violent storm on the planet. 1 - Tornadoes Are the Most Intense Storms on Earth. Tornadoes are the most intense storms on Earth, trumping even mighty hurricanes. They can demolish entire neighborhoods in mere seconds wide and extend for over 50 miles. Before a tornado hits, the wind may die down and the air may become very still. Occasionally, tornadoes develop so rapidly that advance warning is not possible. Facts About Tornadoes • They may strike quickly with little or no warning. • Tornadoes typically develop near the trailing edge of a thunderstorm A tornado swept through Yellowstone in the late 1980's which left a path of destruction up and down a 10,000-foot mountain (Tornado Facts). show more content That is an average of about 100 tornadoes per month (Tornado Facts). In the southern states, March through May is peak tornado season, but is normally late spring to.
Here are a few interesting facts about tornadoes: Tornadoes are rotating funnel-shaped clouds. Tornadoes have an average land speed of 10-20 miles an hour. Tornadoes can stop and then backtrack or seem to go in reverse. It is possible for tornado winds to exceed 300 miles per hour A. A tornado is defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. In an average year, 800 tornadoes are reported nationwide Quick Tornado Facts. Signs of Danger. Dark, often greenish sky. Large hail. A large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating) Loud roar, similar to a freight train. Before a tornado hits, the wind may die down and the air may become very still. A cloud of debris can mark the location of a tornado even if a funnel is not visible Got questions about tornadoes after Sunday's storms? Scientist Olivia Castellini, creator of the Science Storms exhibit at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry, offers five facts Social > Around the twist: Facts about tornadoes. Around the twist: Facts about tornadoes. 21 December 2015. Updated: 23 May 2019. A tornado and a twister are different names for the same type of weather event—a violently rotating column of air in contact with land or water
Below is a list of facts about tornadoes, offering a quick reference of tornado records and stats. Keep checking back to AccuWeather.com for the latest watches and warnings. Tornado Statistic Facts on Tornadoes. 103 likes. This page is set up to illustrate past tornadoes, causes of tornadoes and other general information on severe thunderstorm Facts about tornadoes, lightning, hurricanes and storm chasing Welcome to the new home of Sky Diary's Kidstorm! These weather pages are stuffed with facts for kids and curious grown-ups, too. Get information about how tornadoes form, how hurricanes form, and how lightning picks its target, along with safety tips and the inside scoop on storm. Facts About Tornadoes When a bad storm comes so can tornadoes and you have watch out for this because when the cold and the warm air mix it can cause them to form. They can come at any time of the year, but they mostly come May and in June and there are some people that call it that time period tornado season
The Tornado Tower offers 58,029 sq m of office space in Qatar. On the 27th floor there is a health club with an exclusive fully-equipped gym and the 28th floor has a fine dining restaurant and lounge area. The 51st floor has a helipad for VIP entry and emergencies. Tornado Tower by night puts on a spectacular light show, designed by Thomas Emde. The Fujita scale (F-Scale; / f u ˈ dʒ iː t ə /), or Fujita-Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation.The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground. Tornado Safety Facts . Everyone who could be impacted by a tornado should know and follow key tornado safety tips. Make sure you can separate tornado facts and myths to help stay safe in an emergency situation. Keep fresh batteries in a battery-operated weather radio for access to weather reports if the power goes out or the internet goes down A tornado is a violent, rotating column of air that extends from the base of a thunderstorm to the earth's surface. Tornadoes are also known as twisters or cyclones. The average tornado will have a wind speed that is less than 110 miles per hour, be about 250 feet wide and only travel about 2 to 3 miles before dissipating
Tornado Facts. Become more knowledgeable about tornados by reading our tornado facts. Tornadoes form where warm moist air is trapped underneath a layer of cold, dry air. This instability is upset when the warm bottom layer gets pushed up — either by heating near the ground, or by an influx of cold air.. Tornadoes have been hitting U.S. headlines recently as unusually severe weather is experienced in the Midwest and above-average tornado activity was noted earlier in the year. Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, for example, saw 41 tornadoes during an outbreak of severe weather in March and the second half of May saw 483 tornadoes. Here are five key facts about hurricanes and tornadoes from the National Weather Service. Hurricanes. SPEED: A hurricane is a tropical storm with sustained winds of 74 miles per hour or more. SIZE: Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral around a relative calm center known as the eye. The eye is generally 20 to 30 miles wide and the storm.
In an average year, 800 tornadoes are reported in the United States. That's all across the USA. And tornadoes can and do occur in all parts of the country. But the Plains area, from Kansas on down. A tornado is a lethal combination of wind and power. Tornadoes touch down all over the world, though most often in the United States. A tornado is often a funnel cloud—a rotating column of air— that stretches from a storm to the ground. To be a tornado it must touch the ground. It can touch down for a few seconds or grind across the earth. And while we all know that tornadoes can transport young girls to Munchkin City, there's a whole slew of less well-known facts that are nearly as interesting. 1. F is for Fujit
Tornado Facts. Tornadoes can occur at any time of the year. No terrain is safe from tornadoes. Never open windows in severe weather situations. This allows damaging wind and debris to enter the structure. 69% of all tornadoes are labeled weak tornadoes meaning they have a lifetime of 1-10+ minutes and winds less than 110 mph The tornado cyclone is an area of low pressure about 8 to 24 km (5 to 15 mi) in diameter, with wind speeds of approximately 240 km/h (150 mph) or less. At the cyclone's center is the tornado proper, the funnel that becomes darker as it picks up surface matter. The funnel exhibits exceedingly high winds and low pressures
1. Listen to local area radio, NOAA radio or TV stations for the latest information and updates. 2. Move to an underground shelter, basement or safe room. If none is available, a small, windowless interior room or hallway on the lowest level of a sturdy building is the safest alternative. Remember: no area of a mobile home is safe during a tornado 11 Facts About Tornadoes DoSomething.org. A tornado can even backtrack if it is hit by winds from the eye of the thunderstorm. Funnel clouds usually last less than 10 minutes before dissipating, and man 11 facts about tornado's on emaze. 11 Facts About Tornado's. Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that reach from a storm cloud to the earth's surface. Winds of a tornado can. reach up to 480 km per. hour. a tornado over. water, it's called a. waterspout . Emprendedores Motivación, Creatividad, Social y más.. Motivación La motivación es un factor importante al emprender un negocio, tanto para el emprendedor como para la gente que colabora con el en su proyecto, en esta sección presentaremos diferentes materiales para ayudar a impulsar esa parte.; Creatividad No siempre es fácil generar esas ideas de negocios necesarias para poder emprender.
Tornadoes don't really suck you into a different world like they did to Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz.They are, however, one of nature's most vicious storms.A tornado is a violently twisting column. facts about hurricanes and tornadoes. In 2005, there were 15 hurricanes in total, with 7 of them being category 3 or above. Then pay attention to National Weather Service watches and warnings. Every storm has the potential to make landfall and be devastating to the inhabitants. Then assess your risks and know your home and business. Tornadoes can be life-threatening and very deadly as they can form in a minutes notice and leave a pathway of destruction in their wake. Everyone needs to know what to do to be prepared in case a tornado is spotted in your area so we've gathered up some serious facts and information about tornadoes in Tennessee and ways to keep as safe as possible from this wrath of nature For our readers today, we bring to you some of the amazing and interesting facts about the Panavia Tornado. Development:- The working on the project of the Panavia Tornado started during the later years of the Cold War by the consortium of three European aviation companies from the UK, West Germany, and Italy Ontario averages about 12 tornadoes a year, usually between May and September. From the extreme southwest of the province to the farthest northern tip, a tornado can strike anywhere. Environment Canada issues warnings when tornadoes are imminent or already detected. The Ontario government assists in distributing these alerts to the public
Come out of your basement and click on this weather movie about twisters, the windy natural disasters caused by changes in air pressure and wind direction . They erupt out of nowhere. Touchdown for a little as a few seconds and can leave destruction and death in their wake. They also can pack winds estimated at 318 MPH! The deadliest tornado in US History was an F5 tornado that struck three states on March 18, 1925 killing 695.


Pakistan’s two biggest cities came first and second from the top in the most polluted cities of the world on the air pollution measurement scale. Lahore was measured to have 187 hazardous particulate matter and Karachi 179 particulate matter, according to the air quality index. It is to be mentioned here that AQI as high as 151-200 is considered unhealthy, while an AQI reading between 201 to 300 is more harmful and AQI over 300 mark is dubbed extremely hazardous.
On average, the PM2.5 concentration in Lahore’s air is currently 16.8 times above the World Health Organization (WHO) annual air quality guideline value. Air quality statistics released by the Regional Meteorological Centre in Lahore show that the increasing meteorological conditions indicate that there are chances for aerosols in the atmosphere in the coming days, which may result in poor visibility. The AQI may also remain in the ‘unhealthy for sensitive group’ range for the Lahore region during the period.
According to experts, the air becomes heavier in the winter as compared to summer, causing poisonous particles in the atmosphere to move downwards and making the atmosphere polluted. As a result, a layer of polluted particles, including large amounts of carbon and smoke, covers a city. The smoke produced by factories and by burning coal, garbage, oil or tires enters the atmosphere and the effects of this appear at the onset of winter and remain till the season’s end, experts said. Thus, air pollution reaches extremely dangerous levels in cold weather, severely compromising air quality. Although southwestern winds blowing from the sea in Karachi may work as a filter for the air, and these winds remain mostly suspended during the winter, according to experts. “Observing the data from years past, it appears that pollution levels in Karachi are actually getting worse rather than improving,” the Swiss company said that measured these AQI.
under these circumstances, Commissioner Lahore Muhammad Amir Jan has issued important instructions for anti-smog, according to which the Department of Agriculture and ACs will take the strictest action on burning crop residues. He has said that the anti-smog squads should take full action at night, and there is no exemption for setting fire to garbage and green waste, and any non-environmentally friendly industry, kiln, vehicle, crop owner, etc.


Forecasters say the snow expected across the Rockies and northern Plains Wednesday into Thursday will be no April Fools’ joke from Mother Nature, as treacherous travel will be possible on the roadways.
The wintry scenes will come as a storm system ushers in unseasonably cold air across the northwestern tier of the country.
Winter storm warnings were dispersed across stretches of Wyoming, Montana and the Dakotas Wednesday morning, with winter weather advisories covering a much larger area from Idaho to southwestern Minnesota.
Those social distancing by taking a walk outside in these locales will need to bundle up amid highs in the 20s to near 30 during the middle and later part of the week, when highs closer to 50 are more common.
“A potent springtime cold front is expected to bring a shot of snow to parts of the northern Rockies into the northern Plains despite recent warmth,” AccuWeather Meteorologist Isaac Longley said.
“With temperatures falling rapidly during the passage of the cold front, snow will begin to accumulate in many places from Wyoming and northern Colorado into North Dakota and the Canadian Prairies,” he added.
One wave of snow is forecast to sweep through eastern Montana and into northern North Dakota, Saskatchewan and Manitoba during Wednesday.
A second wave of snow will then blossom farther south over Wyoming on Wednesday night and swing northeastward through the northern Plains into Thursday night.
AccuWeather meteorologists expect a widespread plowable snowfall across the region, with an AccuWeather Local StormMax™ of 14 inches (36 cm) where the heaviest snow falls. At this juncture, the AccuWeather Local StormMax™ is most likely to be achieved in portions of Wyoming, South Dakota, eastern Saskatchewan and western Manitoba.
While snow may initially melt on pavement due to prior mild conditions, icy conditions can quickly develop as temperatures plummet and the snow continues to come down.
“In addition to brief periods of heavy snowfall, strong, gusty winds will accompany the snow, producing white-out conditions at times which may make travel difficult,” Longley said. Such conditions could threaten motorists on stretches of interstates 25 and 90.
On the southeastern edge of the swath of snow, an icy mix can occur from portions of central Nebraska through eastern South Dakota and into western Minnesota.
Conditions are likely to remain unseasonably cold in the wake of the front on Friday across the northern Plains, but forecasters say any fresh snowfall may start to melt away over the weekend as milder air moves in.


The death toll in a week-long eastern Canadian heat wave has reached 54, officials said on Friday.
Most of the victims linked to the “overwhelming heat” were in the Montreal area, which recorded 28 fatalities, metropolitan health authorities told AFP in an email.
The other victims were reported in the southwest of the French-Canadian province, the Quebec health ministry said.
On Thursday, Environment Canada had forecast a maximum temperature of 35 C (95 F) but said the heat index would make it feel like 45 C.
The mercury has since June 29 regularly topped 30 C, accompanied by stifling humidity levels, but temperatures should drop back to seasonal averages from Saturday.
“Looking at the weather forecast, we are waiting for a return to normal in the coming hours,” said Health Ministry spokeswoman Noemie Vanheuverzwijn.


The Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center studies more than 1,700 patients for more than a decade. The study found that even moderate levels of air pollution can increase the risk of a stroke by more than one third.
Study conducted in Boston
Stroke victims in Boston, for example, would found to be a far greater risk of an attack at times when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had issued a yellow warning on air quality levels.
The senior author of the study noted that the increased stroke risk levels associated with specific particulates “can be observed within hours of exposure.”
As a result of this study, there are suggestions that any considerations of air pollution levels simply must take into account the health risks that are associated with them.
The research team compared the stroke symptoms experienced by each patient with levels of particulates, as monitored on an hourly basis by the Harvard School of Public Health.
As a result of this research, the team have been able to calculate the patients are at the greatest level of risk is they are exposed to pollution around 14 hours prior to a stroke event.
Vehicle pollution is seen as being particularly worrying, with black carbon and nitrogen dioxide both being closely linked with stroke risk.
Stroke causes around 53,000 deaths each year in the UK, so it’s clear that this research has some significant implications.
It’s clear that air pollution warnings may need to be strengthened, in order to ensure that the public are aware of the dangers that they may be facing at certain times.
Indeed, it’s thought that cutting certain forms of air pollution by around 20% may be enough to save thousands of lives in America each year. It is admitted, however, that further research is required in order to be able to reach more definitive conclusions.
This research study was backed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Environmental Protection Agency.
The implications for the UK
Although this study was carried out in the United States, it’s clear that it will inform policy makes here in the UK. With the environment very much on the political agenda, these sorts of links to health issues are bound to have an impact in terms of political thinking.
At present, there seems to be some concern within government that environmental issues are being seen by the public as a way to raise taxes. This link to health risks may start to change that thinking.


Guard Responds to Tropical Storm Isaias
From the Caribbean to New England, Tropical Storm Isaias is leaving its mark along the eastern U.S., and the National Guard is ready to help.
In Puerto Rico, National Guard troops responded to calls for help after Isaias swept through the island on July 30 and caused power outages, flooding and small landslides, according to Stars and Stripes.
Guard members rescued at least 35 people in Puerto Rico, where maximum sustained winds gusted up to 60 miles per hour, the Washington Post reported. Some areas also saw more than 10 inches of rain in a 48-hour period, according to the National Weather Service.
Three states—Florida, North Carolina and Virginia—declared a state of emergency in anticipation of Isaias.
The storm arrived on the coast of Florida and Georgia Aug. 2, bringing rain and gusty winds. It briefly strengthened into a hurricane as it moved toward North Carolina Aug. 3, but was downgraded to tropical storm status again as it moved north.
In Virginia, 40 Guard troops were mobilized to “help local and state agencies respond as needed” after Gov. Ralph Northam declared a state of emergency on July 31, according to the Army, and more were expected to be activated as the storm moves north.
The storm was expected to continue to unleash severe weather, including heavy rain, flooding, high winds and tornadoes, as it travels up the East Coast through the mid-Atlantic and New England.
Coastal areas are expected to experience storm surge, life-threatening surf and rip currents, the Army says.


The 1st ACTRIS Science Conference took place during May 11-13, 2022, with the participation of several members of APCG.
The three-day open science conference aimed to bring together members of different atmospheric science communities and discuss the latest scientific breakthroughs e.g., in air quality and climate research. The contributions were solicited on the topics covering all aspects of ACTRIS scientific activities. Participation of scientists working in the other European Environmental Research Infrastructures was encouraged in order to share their findings and access unique opportunities for networking and R&D collaboration!
APCG was there with the following very interesting participations:
Kakouri et all (poster), “A spatial disaggregation tool for high resolution emissions towards intra-urban air pollution modelling”
Kaskaoutis et all (poster), “A new method for estimating spectral absorptions of black carbon, brown carbon and secondary organic carbon from fossil fuel and biomass burning sources”
Dimitris Kaskaoutis"Effects of residential wood burning emissions on atmospheric chemistry and light absorption"


BULLETIN Remnants of Four
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL042017
500 PM AST Fri Jul 07 2017
…DEPRESSION DEGENERATES INTO A TROPICAL WAVE… …THIS IS THE LAST ADVISORY…
SUMMARY OF 500 PM AST…2100 UTC…INFORMATION
LOCATION…16.5N 52.5W ABOUT 590 MI…950 KM E OF THE LESSER ANTILLES MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS…25 MPH…35 KM/H PRESENT MOVEMENT…WNW OR 290 DEGREES AT 21 MPH…33 KM/H MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE…1012 MB…29.89 INCHES
WATCHES AND WARNINGS There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect.
DISCUSSION AND 48-HOUR OUTLOOK
At 500 PM AST (2100 UTC), the remnants of Tropical Depression Four were located near latitude 16.5 North, longitude 52.5 West. The remnants are moving toward the west-northwest near 21 mph (33 km/h), and this motion is expected to continue tonight.
Maximum sustained winds are near 25 mph (35 km/h) with higher gusts.
The estimated minimum central pressure is 1012 mb (29.89 inches).


Severe vigilance Typhoon No.10
Heavy rain and storm are expected in Tokushima prefecture due to the huge typhoon No.10.
Please pay attention to the typhoon information and the most important thing is to ensure your safety.
The typhoon information is from the following website.
- Anshin Tokushima https://anshin.pref.tokushima.jp/
The Japanese page will open. Select the language at the upper right, select the following languages,
and look at the new information based on the new information.
➁ Japanese Meteorological Agency Typhoon Information
The English website will open, so please look at the typhoon information.
- Japanese Meteorological Agency Typhoon Information
You can see the weather information related to typhoons in multiple languages.


DWR: Extreme Swings from Drought to Flood Show Challenges Ahead by Teresa McGaffic Oct 4, 2017 Water News Water Year 2017’s dramatic precipitation following five years of drought shows the need for better long-range weather forecasting, the California Department of Water Resources wrote in a press release Oct. 3. The state experienced record-setting precipitation in Northern California and above-average rainfall elsewhere. Flooding brought by an overwhelming sequence of atmospheric rivers in January caused 52 counties to declare states of emergency. “Current short-term forecasting for seven days out is 70 percent accurate, while the 14-day forecast is only 7 percent accurate,” said DWR Director Grant Davis in a printed statement. “That isn’t adequate for water management. Advancing accurate, even longer-range forecasting is critical for our ability to plan for California’s highly variable weather.” DWR is working with researchers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography to develop better technology to forecast atmospheric rivers. More information is available on the DWR website, including an in-depth look at Water Year 2017.


South Sudan’s Meteorological Department on Friday warned that several regions in the East African Country are at risk of floods caused by torrential rains.
The weather agency told reporters that heavy rainfall is expected in the months of June, July and August and may cause devastating floods in flood-prone areas of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile and Unity.
Samuel Thon, a Forecaster at the Meteorological Department, said the towns of Bor, Bentiu, Aweil, and Pibor are particularly at high risk of floods.
He explained that “rainfall forecast in June, July and August 2018 indicates increased likelihood of flooding in flood prone areas like Bor, Bentiu, Aweil, Pibor and Upper Nile States plus other flood prone areas. So, we are expecting floods because the rainfall is much.”
According to South Sudan’s Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Risk Management, several regions in that country are prone to recurrent floods every year in the rainy season, between May and October, which threatens the lives and livelihoods of thousands of people.
In 2017, torrential rains forced over 100,000 people from their homes and destroyed valuable property in central and northern South Sudan.
credit: pm news
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Climate Action and Flooding
Central to environmental management is the issue of climate change, which is now emerging as one of the most significant global challenges for the planet in the 21st century. Climate change can result from natural processes and factors and more recently due to human activities, through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Climate change will have diverse and wide-ranging impacts on our environment, society, economic sectors and natural resources. Management of areas prone to flooding and the coastal zone must be addressed in the new Local Area Plan along with measures to adapt to climate change by transitioning to a low carbon and climate resilient town, with an emphasis on reduction in energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions.
Questions to Consider:
Q. How can the plan support our transition to a low carbon climate resilient and environmentally sustainable economy?
Q. What methods should be encouraged to maximise renewable energy provision for commercia/industrial and residential developments?
Q. How can the Plan address flood risk and build resilience to better cope with the increasing frequency of extreme weather events?


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OBSERVING SEAFLOOR METHANE SEEPS AT THE EDGE OF HYDRATE STABILITY
This expedition will address knowledge gaps related to the flux of methane and other gases from the U.S. Pacific Northwest seafloor seeps, the rate at which methane is consumed by aerobic oxidation, and the nature and distribution of benthic organisms near seep sites. Comparisons of the new data with those collected in other well-studied seep provinces (for example, the U.S. Atlantic margin) will advance understanding of global methane emissions from the seafloor and their consequences.
The study of seafloor methane seeps and the gas hydrate systems to which they are sometimes linked involves physics (for example, specific temperature and pressure conditions, bubble shape and emission rates), chemistry (for example, oxidation of methane in the sediments and water column), biology (for example, microbial processes that produce some of the methane and destroy most of it; benthic organisms that use methane, sulfur, or other species to power their metabolism), and geology (for example, certain sediment types; rocks produced as a result of methane-related processes). Furthermore, methane seep emissions vary in both space and time, both on the scale of a few seconds and over thousands of years. The methane released at seafloor seeps is also a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and global climate both affects these releases and may in turn be affected by methane that is able to reach the atmosphere across the sea-air interface.
To find out about more about this expedition, visit the research cruise’s webpage.


As the state of Earth’s climate continues to decline, its problems become more complex. In order to make positive change to slow down and hopefully reverse the damage we have done it is essential to understand the major drivers of climate change. One of the most prominent drivers of climate change is the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It is highly likely that everyone has at least heard this term at some point in the recent years, but it is highly unlikely that everyone knows what they are or why they are so detrimental to the health of the planet.
To understand how greenhouse gases play a role in climate change, it is first important to understand what exactly they are. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. At first glance, the term ‘greenhouse gas’ doesn’t seem to terrible, in fact greenhouses are an incredible invention that allow for the growth of crops during the winter season and are a great educational tool for students of science and agriculture. The link in name comes from the functionality of the gas and the greenhouse itself. Greenhouses work by trapping heat and keeping its little atmosphere at an optimal temperature and dampness to ensure healthy crop growth. Similarly, greenhouse gases work by trapping heat in the very large atmosphere that encompasses the entire planet, thus increasing global temperature; it is because of greenhouses gases that we have global warming.
Greenhouses gases themselves are not inherently damaging to the planet, in fact they keep us from another ice age, and provide us with the optimal temperature to survive as a human race. It is the dramatic increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere that is so alarming and so detrimental. As greenhouse gases continue to accumulate in the atmosphere, we see a steady increase in global temperature which leads to melting ice sheets, rising sea levels and extinction of species due to habitat damage.
Clearly, greenhouse gases are very dangerous, and their use needs to be seriously regulated in order to pursue a healthier planet. From a personal level, there are certainly steps you can take to reduce your own greenhouse gas emittance. The most obvious gas to address is CO2 and you can limit this by reducing your use of personal transportation; walking, biking, carpooling, and utilizing public transportation are all viable methods to get where you need to go while reducing your carbon footprint. To address methane, as we’ve discussed in previous blog posts, limiting food waste can play a huge role as we know that it emits methane if not decomposed properly. Another way to tackle methane is by limiting your consumption of animal products, specifically beef and dairy, as cows are a major methane contributor. If you are willing to take action to reduce your personal contribution to the state of the atmosphere, do some research to figure out your carbon and methane footprint. Everything can be adjusted and change can be made.


While CEPEX represents an outstanding contribution to our understanding of the regulation of tropical SST, many important questions remain in the climate conundrum. Guiding C4's ongoing research are two central and complimentary objectives. One is to identify and quantify the key processes that maintain tropospheric ozone and sulfate distribution in pristine and polluted environments. This is important because ozone and sulfates have significant affects on climate on decadal and centennial timescales. The other prime objective of C4 research is to characterize complex feedbacks among SST, deep convection, water-vapor greenhouse effect, and cirrus clouds. Such feedbacks are at the very core of the climate change conundrum.
Current and future research at C4 is guided by a pressing need to fill major gaps in existing initiatives dealing with cloud-chemistry-climate interactions. Applying a genuinely interdisciplinary and multi-institutional approach, C4 seeks to address a diverse set of needs, from improving cloud parameterizations in computerized general circulation models (GCMs) to providing information useful in the national policy arena. To fulfill this broad charge, a variety of C4 projects are planned or already underway which can be categorized into three objectives:
First Objective: Develop an atmospheric model for the tropical Pacific that includes sulfur and ozone chemistry, transport due to deep convection, microphysics, and chemistry on ice crystal surfaces.
Such a model will begin to provide answers to pivotal questions including:
Second Objective: Use the integrated CEPEX data to validate, develop, and improve general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations of clouds involving tropical con vective cirrus cloud systems.
The first step in this process is the previously mentioned comparison of several versions of NCAR CCM2 simulations for the CEPEX period with actual CEPEX observations. Specific comparisons will be made with respect to humidity, water vapor, surface energy budgets, cloud forcing at the surface and the tropopause, and the extent and frequency of mesoscale convective systems (MCS). The next step will be to focus on improving cloud parameterizations with respect to MCS and cirrus microphysical radiative effects.
In regard to MCS, key questions are:
For microphysical effects, key questions include:
Third Objective: A major observation program to test model predictions and empirical hypotheses for the clouds-chemistry-climate interactions, to culminate in a field cam paign in the Indian Ocean.
It has been known for nearly a decade that the outstanding problems in global change are those at the intersection of the various disciplines of physics, chemistry, dynam ics, biology and human intervention. However, it has been very difficult to translate this awareness into action, in part because we lack observations of such interdiscipli nary phenomena. The equatorial Indian Ocean provides a unique natural laboratory for unraveling problems at the intersection of these various disciplines.
The selected experiment area, west-southwest of the Indian subcontinent, is probably the only place in the world where an intense source of continental aerosols, anthropo genic trace species and their reaction products (e.g., sulfate, ozone) from the northern hemisphere is directly connected to the pristine air of the southern hemisphere by a cross equatorial monsoonal flow into the inter tropical convergence zone, ITCZ. By providing the confluence of the two contrasting air masses, the ITCZ can strengthen the north-south gradients in aerosols and gases. It can also distribute the pollutants and aerosol laden air vertically and horizontally. These are optimal conditions for testing:
The observations on both sides of the ITCZ will provide data to assess:
Above all, the subcontinent is projected to be a major contributor to the emission of aerosols and reactive gases during the next century. The chemical, radiation, micro -physical and meteorological data collected during INDOEX would serve as a baseline for assessing the changes in the coming decades.
V. Ramanathan, Jim Coakley, Russ Dickerson, and Andy Heymsfield will lead the US effort, while Paul Crutzen, Dieter Kley and Jos Lelieveld will coordinate the European programs.


How to help save your planet from global warming
By Verity for BBC School Report
As you go about your daily business do your best to remember one of the biggest concerns facing us and the future of our planet is global warming or climate change.
It is not something we can continue to ignore. Now is the time we take action.
Although Planet Earth has already faced extreme heat and cold throughout its existence, we humans are interfering with its natural cycle, heating up the atmosphere which is causing extreme global warming. Over the past fifty years the average temperature of the earth has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history; it’s what we are doing now is what’s causing the problems.
The effects of global warming are devastating and we must take responsibility for this.
Not only is global warming melting the polar ice caps and glaciers, causing sea levels to rise rapidly making millions of people who live by the sea to lose their homes, it is also reducing the size of the habitat for many species of animals. For example thousands of polar bears and other animals have been forced to move further and further together until they only have a small area of ice to live on. They will all eventually die. We are responsible. We are responsible because we are ignoring the signs and carrying on burning fossil fuels, cutting down rain forests, digging the earth away every day and night until nothing is left and the ultimate destruction has happened.
We must think of our future and the future of our children.
We are the only ones who can make a change.
People who have allergies and asthma will also suffer considerably due to the intolerably high levels of air pollution. Thanks to the conditions, every type of mosquito, bacteria, viruses and viral diseases will thrive and become more common.
Global warming is also closely linked with extreme weather. Scientists agree that Earth’s rising temperatures are to blame for hotter and longer heat waves, more droughts, heavier rainfall and extremely powerful hurricanes.
Recent examples of this include the 2014 wild fires in California; the Argentinean heatwave of December 2013, the devastating 2014 floods in Jakarta, the drought in east Africa… and many, many other ‘natural’ disasters.
The atmosphere helps to keep our planet warm. Gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane trap heat from the sun and keep the earth’s surface warm enough to support life. However if these gases increase, our planet could be turned in to a giant greenhouse making it uninhabitable.
It’s not just you that’s under threat from global warming;
“Unless greenhouse gas emissions are severely reduced, climate change could cause a quarter of land animals, birdlife and plants to become extinct.”
Reduced rainfall could seriously affect trees, rainforests and wetland areas where thousands of vulnerable species live. They cannot move quickly so therefore they will become extinct. One example of this is the Costa Rican golden toad; this rare species of toad was unjustly driven to extinction by global warming and climate change even though it lived on a nature reserve.
So what can YOU do to save YOUR planet from extinction?
How to help save your planet from global warming and extinction in five easy steps!
#1 Use less electricity; unplug power cords, buy fluorescent light bulbs that use less electricity, add insulation to the attic and basement sealing air leaks and air ducts
#2 Save fuel; rather than riding in your car, go on a bike, get a bus or walk.
#3 Conserve water; turn the tap off when brushing your teeth or shaving, take a three minute shower instead of a bath, fix leaks, wash only full loads of laundry and in cold water
#4 Use green power; buy environment friendly green power electricity, Green power is generated from renewable energy places such as the sun and wind, which give off lower greenhouse gases
#5 Recycle; recycling, repairing and reusing items cuts down on greenhouse gas release. If you recycle paper, newspapers, drink bottles, batteries, electronics and other recyclables you will be helping to make the world a greener place to live in! J
Thank you for reading my article on global warming and remember that YOU are the only person who can make a change.
Click here for more BBC School Report stories from Cape Cornwall School.


The Weather Channel coverage of Hurricane Ian in Florida averaged 2.48 millions total viewers including 689,000 within the key 25-54 demographic.
The collaboration between the two outlets will bring enhanced weather and climate reporting to CBS News viewers across the world.
Fox News Channel extended their streaks to 41 weeks as cable's most-watched network in total viewers.
The three major cable news outlets were surprisingly slow in covering Hurricane Ida, despite most of their offices located in New York City.
The Weather Channel has seen increased attention in August which marks the annual start of hurricane season.


How much snow has fallen in North Central Massachusetts? Here are the totals
Storm expected to bring nearly two feet of snow to parts of the region by Wednesday.
GARDNER ― A late-winter Nor’easter had already dumped over a foot of snow across much of Greater Gardner by early Tuesday – in a storm that lasted all day.
Snowplows and snow-blowers were out early as residents did their best to keep up with the heavy and wet snowfall that fell all day. The region was well within the snow “jackpot zone,” with the highest snow total in Massachusetts reported in Colrain in Franklin County as of 12:28 a.m. Wednesday National Weather Service report. Colrain reported 36 inches as of 10:33 p.m.
Several thousand households in Gardner and Westminster lost power during the early morning hours on Tuesday, but most had their power restored within a few hours.
National Weather Service newsWinter Weather Advisories and Warnings in place now
Here is the information as of 12:28 a.m. report although some reports were made earlier in the day. We will be updating these totals as we get more reports from the National Weather Service.
How Much Snow Has fallen in Greater Gardner
26.4 inches as of 7:10 p.m. from a CO-OP observer
22.7 inches as of 1:28 p.m. from a CO-OP observer
17 inches as noon from an Amateur Radio report
over 12 inches by 9 a.m. – National Weather Service
24 inches as of 4:41 p.m. from an Amateur Radio report
24 inches as of 6:25 p.m. a public report
26 inches as of 3:35 p.m. a public report
20 inches as of 12:37 p.m.
21 inches as of 4 p.m. a Trained Spotter report
14 inches by 9 a.m. – National Weather Service
What we know about Gardner's hospital:Operations return to normal at Heywood Hospital after Code Black lifted
23 inches as of 1:45 p.m. via a Amateur Radio reporter
20+ inches as of 12:17 p.m. via Wachusett Ski Area
14 inches as 10 a.m. via Wachusett Ski Area


Advancing Quantitative Precipitation Estimation and Short-to-Medium Range Forecasting on the Basis of Remotely Sensed Data Assimilation. This Marie Curie proposal aims at facilitating an efficient re-integration of Professor Emmanouil Anagnostou in the Institute of Oceanography of the Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR).
The work performed in this project focused on innovative research aimed at the synergistic use of space-borne and ground-based measurements within a physically consistent and mathematically optimal data assimilation framework for the improvement of quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting. The wealth of innovative concepts advanced by our work can revolutionize hydrologic forecasting and the advancement of our understanding on global water and energy cycle processes.
A cutting-edge contribution involved the development of a “truly combined” physically based radar/radiometer precipitation-profiling algorithm. Estimation of precipitation profiles and associated microphysical parameters (e.g., raindrop size distribution) from remotely sensed measurements (cloud brightness temperatures and radar profiling parameters) is probably one of the most important but poorly understood problems in atmospheric remote sensing today. It affects global climate research due to the importance of precipitation and latent heating profile assimilation in global models, yet its practical importance resides with improved delineation of the water cycle and better prediction of flood hazards.
Another major achievement is on long-range lightning detection. We have demonstrated based on long-term experiments that with a few receivers located thousands of miles apart we can measure lightning activity occurring over continents and beyond. Particularly, our regional lightning measurements in Africa bring unique advantages in resolving the relationship between convective rainfall dynamics and modulations of the synoptic scale environment associated with the easterly wave phase. Our early indications are that this wave could be a good predictor for the convection over Africa, which is important since Africa affects weather downstream (through latent heat release, and triggering Atlantic tropical cyclones).
Finally, real-time lightning and satellite rainfall measurements at large scale can have direct implications on aviation safety and water management in Europe, Africa and beyond by improving the accuracy of weather forecasting systems through data assimilation as we demonstrated in this work. [MIRG-CT-2004-517581]


If you think fog is a simple thing then this post may complicate things, but hopefully in an interesting way. If you get confused by the various terms used in media and on websites and phone apps for various types of fog, [fog, mist, freezing fog, ice fog, etc], then maybe I can “clear” things up a little.
Much of the weather terminology in popular use has come to us via the code used to report weather at airports, the METAR code. Reliable and up-to-the-minute weather observations are important for aircraft operations so that’s where the vast majority of hourly and sub-hourly reports come from. When you see an “official” report of the weather in say, Glennallen, or Juneau, it’s a pretty safe bet it is from their respective airports (Gulkana, code PAGK, and Juneau International, PAJN). When these airport METARs are decoded for public consumption some of the less common terminology comes along with it.
Here are two foggy weather observations in METAR code from Utqiagvik (Barrow) in April 2011. Below them I’ve translated them into the old SA code, partly to show how the code for fog has changed and partly to show how long I’ve been in the business (the METAR code was adopted in North America in 1996).
As they came from the station (minus some remarks that I removed): METAR PABR 021453Z 23004KT 3/4SM BR SCT002 SCT026 M26/M28 A2995 RMK SLP142= SPECI PABR 021510Z 22004KT 1/4SM FZFG SCT002 M27/M28 A2994= translated into the old SA format: BRW SA 1453 2 SCT 26 SCT 3/4F 142/2304/-15/-19/995 BRW SP 1510 2 SCT 1/4F 2204/-17/-19/994
In the first ob, at time 1453 UTC, the visibility is 3/4 of a mile in fog. The next ob, a “special,” at 1510 UTC, the visibility had dropped to 1/4 mile due to the fog.
The main thing I want to point out is that what in the old days was plain old fog (F in the SA code), in the METAR could be “mist” (code BR), or “freezing fog” code (FZFG), which you can see in the examples above, or just “fog” (code FG) which is not in the above METARs.
Here’s a matrix of when each is used:
[OK, why BR? It comes from the french for “mist.” Did I mention these codes and abbreviations are written by an international committee?]
You can see how the term used for a single phenomenon, fog, can go through two name changes when the temperature or visibility changes. There is a reason for that…the METAR code tries to highlight issues of importance to aviation. One issue is the density of the fog… BR vs FG. Another issue is that dense fog below freezing, FZFG, can be a source of aircraft icing. (It can also be a source of roadway icing, a problem more pronounced in the lower 48 than in Alaska.) You can also see how a report of mist one hour followed by a report of freezing fog the next and back to mist the next might be confusing especially if it is due only to a small change in visibility.
So, even though METAR reports, and the automated weather stations that generate them, were developed for aviation use, their presence in most towns with an airport and their frequent 24/7/365 reporting make them valuable to a data-hungry, constantly-connected public. These reports are often, but not always, translated for public use using the names given by that international committee. So you may see reports of mist or freezing fog from one source, while some sources hearken back to when fog was just fog.
What about ice fog? Is it the same as freezing fog?
No. Fog stays liquid at temperatures way below freezing, as contradictory as that sounds. (0C/32F would be better called the melting point of water for this reason.) Most fog you run across at temperatures down to at least 25 or 30 degrees below zero F (~-33 C) will be liquid. The water droplets are supercooled and are just waiting for something to freeze onto. Commonly it’s trees and fences that get nice feathery hoarfrost crystals (via a complicated process in which the water goes back through the vapor phase on the way to becoming ice), but when conditions are right aircraft and roadways can get rime ice or clear ice, also called glaze.
Ice fog, on the other hand, is already frozen. It is tiny particles of ice usually forming around smoke, exhaust or other particulate matter, and so tends to form in inhabited places. The old code for ice fog was IF, but the METAR code strangely has no discrete code for ice fog…it lumps it in with freezing fog. However, it can’t freeze onto objects because it is already frozen. And even if there were liquid water present, at the very low temperatures involved it would be insignificant. However it is usually very dense, with visibility often below 1/4 mile, and can form quickly when water vapor is introduced by human activities, so it is a hazard all its own.
So here’s a recap of definitions. These are my words except where indicated.
A mass of water droplets suspended in air dense enough to hamper visibility and with the bottom of such mass at ground level. If it were above the surface it would be a cloud.
Fog composed of supercooled water droplets, having the potential to freeze on contact with solid objects to form a coating of rime and/or glaze ice. Icing is most likely at relatively warm temperatures, 0 to -10 or -15C (32 to 14 or 5F). More commonly in Alaska, supercooled fog provides vapor for hoarfrost formation, a different process.
I’ve already defined this in my words above, so I’m including this excellent definition from the International Cloud Atlas
A suspension of numerous minute ice particles in the air, reducing the visibility at the Earth’s surface.
Ice fog forms when water vapour, mainly resulting from human activities, is introduced into the atmosphere. This vapour condenses, forming droplets that freeze rapidly into ice particles that have no well-defined crystalline form. It is observed at high latitudes, usually in clear, calm weather when the temperature is below −30 °C.
Horizontal visibility is usually very restricted in ice fog, often to less than 50 m. This is due to the small diameter of the ice particles, typically 2−30 μm with the smaller particles forming when the temperature is between −40 °C and −50 °C.
Ice fog does not produce halo phenomena, although such phenomena may be present if the fog also contains diamond dust.
If you’d like more definitions check out the NWS online glossary (https://w1.weather.gov/glossary) or the AMS online glossary (http://glossary.ametsoc.org). You’ll find fairly close agreement with all the above.
Now look at these definitions from the Federal Meteorological Handbook #1, the official rule book of weather observing for US government agencies:
“freezing fog: A suspension of numerous minute ice crystals in the air, or water droplets at temperatures below 0° Celsius, based at the Earth’s surface, which reduces horizontal visibility,” and “ice fog: See freezing fog.”
This is clearly not in line with any other accepted definitions. The part about ice crystals has been inserted, I believe, to make up for the fact that the METAR committee did not recognize ice fog in their code. When it comes to precipitation, there have always been, and still are, definitions for liquid, freezing, and frozen states, with freezing meaning supercooled liquid precipitation that freezes on contact with the earth or other solid object. When the freezing designation was applied to fog, it seems illogical to include both supercooled liquid fog — which, like rain or drizzle in that condition, can freeze on contact — and ice crystals, which can’t. In fact there is already a separate code for ice crystals. (The stated difference is that ice crystals in fog are suspended while ice crystals one would code as IC are falling, and therefore technically precipitation.)
Bottom line: if you see FZFG in a report and the temperature is colder than roughly minus 30 (F or C), realize that a) it is unlikely to cause any significant icing, and, b) it is most likely ice fog, especially if the visibility is very low, say under one mile. Today’s automated stations probably can’t tell ice fog from regular fog, so maybe that’s why the people writing the METAR code chose to not deal with it. Maybe this will change with newer technology.
Final irony: The thorough, scientific summary of ice fog provided above by the International Cloud Atlas comes from the same parent organization, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) that left it out of the METAR code and covered the omission with some pretty unscientific compromises.
Questions? Comments? Counter arguments? Please let me know via the comments form below.


- Written by Ben Jacklet
- Category: News
- Published: November 29, 2013
- Last Updated: December 02, 2013
It's looking like winter will hit Mount Hood Sunday, December 1.
Forecasters are predicting rain turning to snow this weekend, with serious snowfall and extreme winds beginning Sunday afternoon and lasting through Monday.
Temira Lital, who writes snow reports for Mt. Hood Meadows and a lively blog for windsurfers, bicyclists, skiers and snowboarders, is predicting winds as high as 90 miles an hour high up on Mount Hood as the storm peaks.
This time the snow should last. A blast of Arctic air is expected to bring the freezing level down and could result in some record-breaking low temperatures.
A special weather statement from the National Weather Service issued Friday, November 29 at 5:40 am predicts "very cold air" next week with wind chills near or below zero at times.
The weather-model website snow-forecast.com is predicting the freezing level on Mount Hood to drop from 9,000 feet Sunday afternoon to 2500 feet Monday and zero feet Tuesday. Snow in Portland is a possibility.
This all comes as welcome news for Mount Hood resorts, which have seen previous snow gains wiped out by rain and high temps. 76 inches of snow have fallen at Timberline Lodge since September 1, but the base depth as of Friday morning is just 21 inches and bare spots exist. The base at Meadows is 18 inches, and at Skibowl there is hardly any snow on the hill at all, with a listed base of 0-6 inches.
Timberline has been open on weekends for a month and a half and recently transitioned to seven days a week, thanks to the reserves of snow at 8500 feet on Palmer Snowfield. But next week's cold air should enable Skibowl and Meadows to catch up by cranking up their snow-making operations and building up the base at key locations. Skibowl managed to make enough snow to open its tubing hill for Thanksgiving weekend, and early December skiing and snowboarding at Skibowl is looking much more likely than it did a week ago.
Follow Shred Hood on Twitter for real-time updates as the storm moves in and hits.


It’s hurricane season again: are you covered?
If you’ve ever heard a summer weather forecast – sunny, highs in the mid-80s, chance of late afternoon thundershowers – you might decide that it’s not too hard to be a meteorologist.
But when it comes to predicting hurricanes, the process is highly scientific, utilizing analog data, statistical models, atmospheric conditions and ocean temperatures.
That said, 2020 has been a year of events few could have predicted – and that includes a flurry of early hurricane activity.
As of June 5, three named storms have already formed in the Atlantic – Arthur, Bertha and Cristobal – the first two in May and the earliest on record for the “C” storm. Officially, hurricane season doesn’t even begin until June 1.
“As much as science helps set the stage, hurricanes can be unpredictable when it comes to direction and timing,” said Robin Price, president of Allen Tate Insurance. “And the minute a hurricane is on the radar, it’s too late to get hurricane insurance.”
A classic example of hurricane unpredictability was Hugo, who stormed the Carolinas in 1989. It weakened to a Category 2, picked up strength and hit Charleston as a Category 4 with 140 mph winds and then hit Charlotte six hours later with winds of 54 mph and gusts up to 87 mph.
Insurance companies restrict binding new coverage when a hurricane is sighted – even for inland property where the likelihood of landfall is slim.
So what does restricted binding mean to you as a consumer?
If you are a current homeowner, and your home is hit by a hurricane, you are most likely insured for the typical coverage perils: wind, hail, lightning and fire. But you only have flood coverage if you have a separate policy that specifically covers flooding, and you can’t get that once a hurricane or flood has been forecasted.
If you are trying to close on a home and you need insurance coverage, your closing could be delayed. If there is a storm in your area and you have not already confirmed insurance coverage is in place, you will not be able to obtain coverage until the storm has passed and your carrier is able to bind coverage again.
If you’re trying to purchase a new vehicle, you cannot purchase physical damage coverage, also known as comprehensive and collision coverage, when your insurance carrier is unable to bind coverage.
A busy start to hurricane season doesn’t necessarily mean a rough one, but forecasters predict that oceanic and atmospheric conditions in the Atlantic will be favorable for a more active than usual hurricane season. And even a weak tropical storm hitting the U.S. can have a major impact.
“Hopefully, you are reading this when no storms have been forecasted. That gives you a chance to contact your insurance carrier ASAP and make sure you have proper coverages in place,” said Price.
Also, don’t be fooled that hurricanes only happen in the summer. Hurricane Matthew was a Category 5 storm when it hit Florida in late September 2016, and Superstorm Sandy – only a Category 1 storm – devastated New York and New Jersey in late October 2012.
“Hurricanes are active for about half the year, and that’s too long to leave the possibility of storm damage and destruction of your home and property to chance,” said Price.


It’s March and I’m still waiting for the first substantial snowfall this winter. I went to Silver Lake yesterday and it was pretty quiet. Just me and the geese. I guess people don’t like being outside when it’s cold…and it was cold out.
Since I don’t have fingers, I’m crossing my eyes hoping for snow this week. 😀 The weather forecaster says the Washington DC area has a good chance of snow Tuesday night/Wednesday morning. We shall see.
Until next time! ~ Luke


Monday, March 20, 2017
Mapping China's Polluting Factories
Air pollution is a huge problem in China. Last year the American Association for the Advancement of Science reported that in 2013 air pollution killed 1.6 million people in China. One of the major causes of air pollution in the country is the large number of coal burning factories throughout China.
You can now see who the major air polluting culprits are in China on a new map of air pollution. The Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs' National Air Emissions interactive map shows the average hourly polluting rates of enterprises across China. Using the map you can find out which factories are responsible for the worst air pollution.
4,637 enterprises are being monitored in total. Each enterprise's map marker shows the latest recorded average hourly polluting value (mg/M3). You can also select a business' marker on the map to view more details, such as historical readings and how those readings relate to regulatory standards. The map's search facility includes options to filter the results shown by type of pollutant and to show only those factories exceeding or meeting regulatory air pollution standards.


|Cold blast closes South Island roads, rain and heavy fog in North Island|
Snow and ice in the South Island has closed highways as the cold weather system moves north, rain is hitting the lower North Island and fog at Auckland Airport is expected to cause delays.
© 2022 RadioNZ 6:54am Downed plane: Strong winds in Southern Alps delay rescue team
Bad weather is delaying attempts to reach a light plane that came down in the Southern Alps yesterday.
© 2022 RadioNZ Fri 8:07am Search underway for plane missing in Southern Alps
A light plane is missing in the Southern Alps after taking off from Franz Josef this morning, but weather has so far hampered search efforts.
© 2022 RadioNZ Thu 4:39pm Weather: Heavy rain, strong wind warnings issued in South Island
More wild weather is on the way for parts of the South Island, with heavy rain and strong winds forecast over the coming days.MetService says a strong-to-gale northwest flow will hit southern and central New Zealand from tomorrow...
© 2022 NZ Herald Mon, 1 Aug 2:52pm South Island and Wellington whipped by winter weather
Many parts of the country have been lashed by heavy rain and wintery weather this morning and overnight, with travel disrupted in many areas.
© 2022 RadioNZ Sun, 31 Jul 10:32am Wellington road kept closed as heavy rain threatens landslide
The main route in and out of a Wellington suburb is being kept closed, with heavy rain further threatening a landslide that's already come down twice. The slip toppled onto Wadestown's Lennel Rd after wild weather lashed the region...
© 2022 NZ Herald Sat, 30 Jul 1:19pm Weather: Wet day in store for the west, snowfall warnings as another storm system looms
More wild winter conditions are coming this weekend - with wet weather continuing in western parts of the country while snow alerts remain in place for some alpine passes in the south. MetService is warning more bad weather is just...
© 2022 NZ Herald Fri, 29 Jul 10:17am Weather: Wild weather overnight causes flooding in Canterbury and Otago
Civil Defence officials have been on standby overnight, as wild weather has caused flooding around Canterbury and Otago.In Christchurch, there are reports of evacuations on Lower Styx Rd and flooding in Avondale, Mairehau, Wainoni...
© 2022 NZ Herald Wed, 27 Jul 6:22am
Wild weather: New flood and wind warnings issued
Weather warnings continue across the country as heavy rain, wind and fog have caused major travel disruptions, and new flood and wind warnings have been issued.
© 2022 RadioNZ Sat 4:22pm Weather: National forecast a mixed bag of fog, strong winds, heavy rain and snow
Heavy rain, strong wind, low snow and potentially fog colours the national weather forecast for the coming days, with the South Island in line for the harshest weather. MetService forecaster Aidan Pyselman said western parts of...
© 2022 NZ Herald Thu 7:22pm Weather: Auckland records second wettest July since the 1960s
Dry July was anything but in Auckland as the city suffered through the second wettest July since 1962.Soaked residents may not agree, but a weather expert is calling the deluge a "mixed blessing" for the region.MetService this...
© 2022 NZ Herald Mon, 1 Aug 12:22am $200m insurance payouts for extreme weather events damage in 12 months to June
Insurers have paid out close to $200 million for extreme weather claims in the 12 months to June.
© 2022 RadioNZ Sun, 31 Jul 8:42am Weather forecasters abused over UK heatwave reports
Meteorologists from the BBC and elsewhere faced abuse as they reported on the UK's record heat.
© 2022 BBCWorld Fri, 29 Jul 7:47pm Pareawa Banks Avenue School in Christchurch opens despite flooding
Wet weather and sewerage system issues have not stopped school pupils and staff from celebrating their long-awaited move to a new school.Pareawa Banks Avenue School pupils, teachers and parents celebrated arriving at the new school...
© 2022 NZ Herald Thu, 28 Jul 5:17am


“Twister” was released in 1996. The movie about storm chasers and a tornado-filled day in Oklahoma set off a craze of storm chasers and television shows about tornado chasers. Oklahoma weatherman Gary England played a bit role in the movie and performed a key role in the expansion of Oklahoma’s weather coverage.
“I came here in 1972 and at that time the only way you could warn Harry about an incoming tornado was if John’s house down the block was hit by one,” England said. “The means for getting information and getting it out there weren’t very good at the time.”
England set out to find a way to improve available information. He lobbied his station, KWTV Channel 9 in Oklahoma City to go out and buy its own Doppler radar setup. Doppler radar was used to detect the speed and motion of incoming events. The station did and England became the first weatherman to use Doppler to spot severe weather.
Other stations in Oklahoma City, as well as the National Weather Service, started playing catch-up.
“That forced the National Weather Service to do better,” England said. “I was not well-behaved at this time so I’d get on the air at 3 p.m. and say the weather service didn’t put anything out until 3:30. There was a long fight between the private sector and federal about that. It was fierce competition.”
The competition came from other stations trying to catch up to Channel 9 and the weather service, which was unhappy with a local forecaster sending out warnings before it did.
That competition played out in ratings wars as well. Weather is a big deal in Oklahoma, and the station that gets the most viewers following and trusting their news, gets higher ratings. As television stations vied for the weather crowd, England started using time-of-arrival data, using pencils to det
ermine what time a tornado would strike certain cities. Storm chasers and storm spotters were lined up to follow storms and, eventually, to get live video of tornadoes on the ground as the storms approach towns, streets and houses. Helicopters follow the storm and get video. At times, weather coverage in Oklahoma seems so exact that the forecasters can tell what time each street may or may not get hit by a storm.
“We’re just trying to save people’s lives, get some money and get the ratings to go up,” England said. “No matter where you are and what you do, you try to make a better product so people will watch it.”
Competition, and the willingness to spend money, place Oklahoma storm coverage among the best in the nation.
“It became competitive to get the information out there the quickest, and the componies’ had to be willing to spend the money in order to do just that,” England said.
No matter how bad the competition gets, the goal is always to save lives. Oklahoma lost people in the storms in 2011 and England takes each loss personally.
“You want to know what happens and why those people died and you do take it personally. It’s hard to talk about,” England said. At the same time, meteorologists covering Oklahoma have had good moments despite tragedy.
On May 3, 1999, England covered the F-5 tornado that ripped through Oklahoma City. The tornado killed 36 people and caused more than $1 billion in damages. The amazing thing was that only 36 people died. Credit for that went to England and the other two broadcasters covering the storm, Mike Morgan and Rick Mitchell. Studies have shown that their coverage actually saved lives.
Scott Lambert is the managing editor of the Gateway Journalism Review. He worked as a sports journalism and editor for 13 years.


EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MY ENVIRONMENT AND HOW NIGERIA’S NDC CAN ADDRESS IT.
Over the years, with the rise in human activities since the pre-industrial age and the depletion of the ozone layer which are results from these activities; significant long-term changes have become evident in the average weather patterns which have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND NIGERIA’S NDC.
These changes are quite noticeable as evidences of the term climate change and the effect of this change cannot be over emphasized as they continue to pose grave threats to humanity and the serenity of the environment at large.
Human activities undeniably have been the leading causes of climate change as estimated by records from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
The records show that the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, have had an increase in industrial activities, like the burning of more and more fossil fuels.
Changing of vast areas of land from forests to farmland and lots more have been estimated to have increased Earth’s global average temperature with key indicators.
Yes, such as global land and ocean temperature. Increase, rising sea levels, ice loss at Earth’s poles, frequency and severity changes in extreme weather such as hurricanes, heatwave, wildfires, droughts, floods and precipitation etc.
Another factor that contributes to climate change, is the natural cause. The natural causes such as the sun’s intensity, volcanic eruptions, and changes in naturally occurring greenhouse gas concentrations. And to mention but a few, have played and still play minor characters in influencing the rapid warming seen in recent decades. Though NASA scientists have said the influence is too small unlike the human activities.
Climate change is increasingly becoming a serious challenge to the world, and like other countries, Nigeria is no exception.
The socio-economic development of Nigeria is threatened as it faces changes in the physical and ecological environment. Changes in laws, seasons as various manifestations of these impacts are evident in Nigeria. Which includes an increase in drought, scarcity of food instigated somewhat by irregularities in rainfall and over flooding. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND NIGERIA’S NDC.
According to the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NiMet), the mean annual variability and trend of rainfall over Nigeria in the last six decades depicts several inter-annual fluctuations. That has been responsible for dry and wet years or extreme climate events such as droughts and floods in many parts of the country.
NiMet has also predicted that as a result of these climatic conditions, incidences of malaria, meningitis and other diseases will be higher in areas with hotter temperatures and with humidity above 60 percent.
It’s on this note that the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) has been provided with solutions in this essay to help combat and adapt to climate change in Nigeria.
First is the need to mainstream climate change into national, regional and state development plans. Adaption of policies that will be needed to be an integral part of government initiatives. Raising awareness on issues of climate change which the people are presently ignorant of and the dangers in burning of fossil fuel and deforestation to humanity at large.
Additionally, University lecturers should be financially motivated to carry out research in various fields of knowledge related to climate change, so that innovative research can contribute to practical solutions.
Hence, like Franco Hollande once said, “We have a single mission: to protect and hand on the planet to the next generation”. It is not but the sole duty of NDC to combat this impending doom awaiting Nigeria in the form of climate change; but the collective duty of everybody in ensuring that the right thing is done, for our sake and for the sake of the generations yet unborn.
Written by IGWURUBE JEREMIAH CHISOM. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND NIGERIA’S NDC ADDRESS IT.


Winter storm warnings issued ahead of Thursday’s major winter event
This winter storm is coming and confidence continues to grow that lots of freezing rain, sleet and snow will bring life to a halt on Thursday. Today is your last day to gather supplies before this system goes into effect! Thursday is our 9 First Day Weather Alert and this will continue during the Friday morning ride.
A winter storm warning has been issued for all of our counties and it begins at midnight for several of our northwest counties. Elsewhere, the winter storm warning begins at 6 a.m. Thursday.
Here is the only piece of good news I have for you today: Wednesday, it only rains during the day. We will see torrential downpours today with temperatures steady in the mid to low 40s. That means you can get to work, school and more without ice today.
WINTER STORM TIMELINE
Wednesday evening: Rain will be widespread overnight, but northwest locations closer to Connersville, Batesville and Oxford will start to see freezing rain first. It starts between 9 and 11 p.m. and an ice sheet will first form there well before the Thursday morning commute. This is the first region affected. Areas of freezing rain will also advance southeast toward Cincinnati and the I-71 corridor before the morning commute peaks, giving us patchy ice to deal with before sunrise.
Thursday morning: This system intensifies rapidly Thursday morning after 8 am. A regular patch of rain will fall over the region, but with surface temperatures just below freezing, ice will begin to cover everything. It could be several hours in Cincinnati, even further east of I-71. I expect road conditions to become icy quickly between 8 am and noon.
thursday noon: Thursday noon, the roads will go from difficult to almost impassable in the hours that follow. Freezing rain will already cover much of our region, weighing down power lines and tree branches. Heavy sleet will also begin to fall from northwest to southeast. Believe it or not, seeing sleet is probably the best outcome for us. So the longer you have sleet, the better! This reduces the freezing rain and snowfall totals. Some snow will begin to fall in our far northwest areas by noon Thursday, but elsewhere it is sleet and ice.
Thursday night driving: This is the time of day I wouldn’t expect to be on the roads anywhere. We endured hours of freezing rain and heavy sleet. The ice should cover everything. We will probably have power outages at this point too. Stay off the roads and stay safe. Snow continues to accumulate rapidly in our northwestern regions, topping the 4-inch mark or more, but elsewhere it’s persistent sleet and freezing rain.
Late Thursday evening: A transition to snowfall will eventually overcome the rear of this system late Thursday through Friday morning. There is still a lot of variety in the weather patterns when it comes to how much snow we might see. The highest totals are in the northwest with 6″+ expected. But elsewhere it’s hard to say exactly how many. But let’s be honest, at this point it’s just an insult to injury. It’ll be snow on the ice and roads will still be horrible.This is when Cincinnati is most likely to see snow, after 10 p.m.
Friday morning: I expect travel will still be very difficult if not impossible for many on Friday morning. How long the roads stay rough depends on how much snow we get overnight. There is still a great deal of uncertainty in weather models regarding the amount of snowfall the entire region receives. Either way, it’s going to take a long time to clean it all up.
The biggest impact of this storm is the ice. That’s the title you need to remember from this. Plan for impassable roads. Be prepared for power outages. Be prepared to stay put for 24 hours.
The rain begins
The freezing rain begins
Smooth spots develop
From freezing rain to sleet
Eventual transition to snow
Switch to snow
Roads almost impassable for many
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June 6, 2016
The transportation sector accounts for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions in the state of California, accounting for 60 percent more emissions than the industrial sector. At 37 percent of total emissions, the contribution from the sector is well above the national average of 26 percent.
On a global level, fossil fuels burned for road, rail, air, and marine transportation account for 14 percent of emissions. An estimated 95 percent of the world’s transportation energy currently comes from fossil fuels. Taking into account projections that the number of cars in the developing world could increase by as much as 557 percent by 2050, this sector deserves close attention.
A unique infographic on the global impact of transportation enables viewers to watch emission-related statistics move in real time, presenting information on topics ranging from cars produced to airline passengers departing from airports. It offers a fascinating look at the scale and speed of emissions. (Click on the image to enlarge it):


Personal faculty website for Bernhard Rappenglueck.
Professor, Atmospheric Science
University of Houston
Earth and Atmospheric Science Dept.
3507 Cullen Blvd
Houston, TX 77204-5007
Habilitation, Bioclimatology & Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry, Munich University of Technology (TU Munich), 2003
PhD, Physics, University of Munich (LMU Munich), 1996
M.S., Meteorology, University of Munich (LMU Munich), 1991
B.S., Technical Physics, Munich University of Technology (TU Munich), 1985
Current research of the group combines the fields of meteorology and atmospheric chemistry and involves both experimental field work and numerical modeling. Main research interests encompass the following topics:
1) Meteorological processes and their related impacts on atmospheric chemical composition on different spatial and temporal scales,
2) Micrometeorological and boundary layer studies as well as regional and large-scale transport and chemical transformation processes within the troposphere,
3) Air quality studies in polluted and unpolluted areas including photochemical processes,
4) Application and development of atmospheric modeling.
These research issues encompass different scales ranging from biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes, to regional urban air quality studies and long-range transport studies. Thus they include various meteorological measurement tools to describe exchange and boundary layer processes (e.g. micrometeorological towers, tethered sondes, SODAR, RASS, radio- and ozonesondes etc.) and also involve airborne measurements.
Important research topics in the field of meteorology include the study of mesoscale flow systems, the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and mixing processes within the atmosphere, important mechanisms for the redistribution of trace gases and particles. A focus is on the experimental determination of the boundary layer height and numerical modeling of boundary layer properties. Research also includes sensitivity studies of heavy rain fall events in Texas to planetary boundary layer and microphysical parameterizations.
One important research topic in the field of atmospheric chemistry addresses the role of specific VOC in the formation of secondary species on the background of differing VOC/NOx ratios and different VOC-mixtures (urban, rural). Another focus addresses atmospheric radical chemistry involving photochemical sensitive species such as formaldehyde [HCHO], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and nitrous acid [HONO]. The experimental trace gas data sets are used for the validation and development of photochemical box models as well as advanced chemistry-transport model approaches. The chemistry-transport models in turn help to identify processes inherent in the concurrent measurements of the various species.
These studies help to assess the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere, to enhance our understanding of atmospheric photochemical processes and to identify key species, their origins and their fates in the atmosphere.
Urban Air Quality studies include:
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Snow? Topo Radar Counties … NEXLAB - College of DuPage Meteorology - NEXRAD Base Reflectivity (0.5) for Midland/Odessa TX US Weather Home City/Area Forecasts National Summary Weather Maps Weather Radar Satellite Images. Easy to use weather radar at your fingertips! Rain? See the latest Texas Doppler radar weather map including areas of rain, snow and ice. Track storms, and stay in-the-know and prepared for what's coming. NEXRAD Range Aliasing during the Columbia Shuttle Disaster ... Lubbock, San Angelo, New Orleans and Midland. Interactive weather radar from News West 9 KWES in Midland, Texas On or about December 16, 2020, the web pages here at radar.weather.gov will be replaced. THUNDER PROB. THUNDER PROB. Click here to preview the new site now. The radars at Amarillo, Lubbock, San Angelo, New Orleans and Midland show echos correlated with the debris fall. NEXRAD Weather Radar MIDLAND, TX 79712 MOS COMPUTER WEATHER FORECAST MIDLAND, TX 3 hourly weather forecast: weather forecast created 6:00 PM CST 12/12/2020 DAY/DATE & WEATHER FORECAST SUMMARY TIME CST TEMP (deg. Midland/Odessa, Texas area Nexrad weather radar map. F) FEELS LIKE CLOUD COVER PRECIP PROB. Midland/Odessa Base Reflectivity, 4-day forecast: Nacogdoches Base Reflectivity, 4-day forecast: Paris Base Reflectivity, 4-day forecast: San Angelo Base Reflectivity, 4-day forecast: San Antonio Base Reflectivity, 4-day forecast: Tyler Base Reflectivity, 4-day forecast: Victoria Base Reflectivity, 4 … Ice? Midland/Odessa, Texas Area Weather Radar. Base Reflectivity: NWS Midland/Odessa, TX NEXRAD or Nexrad (Next-Generation Radar) is a network of 159 high-resolution S-band Doppler weather radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) within the United States Department of Commerce, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) within the Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Air Force within … NEXLAB - College of DuPage Meteorology - NEXRAD Storm Relative Mean Velocity (0.5) for Midland/Odessa TX World Weather Canada Weather UK Weather. Get the latest forecast for weather in Midland TX along with updates about temperature, humidity, weather radar and more on Weather Underground. F) FEELS LIKE CLOUD COVER PRECIP PROB. Our interactive map allows you to see the local & national weather NEXRAD Weather Radar MIDLAND, TX 79706 MOS COMPUTER WEATHER FORECAST MIDLAND AIRPARK, TX 3 hourly weather forecast: weather forecast created 6:00 PM CST 12/10/2020 DAY/DATE & WEATHER FORECAST SUMMARY TIME CST TEMP (deg.
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Because carbon dioxide is evenly mixed in the atmosphere, concentrations are approximately the same worldwide, regardless of whether you measure them in Australia or New Jersey. Thus, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be done anywhere in the world, with the same effect. In some instances, it may make more sense to reduce your carbon footprint by investing in forests in Brazil and wind farms in Iowa rather than making expensive on-site reductions. Recognizing that, agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol allow such investments in lieu of on-site carbon reductions. However, not all carbon offsets are created equal, and some are more legitimate, effective, and efficient than others. Properly created and registered offsets can allow you to reduce overall emissions more cost effectively, but great care must be taken to avoid purchasing offsets that do not actually reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. The ACUPCC Guidelines for Carbon Offsets Investment is a great place to start to understand how the legitimacy of offsets may be determined. The proposed offset standards have been released by the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, the Midwestern Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord, and the Western Climate Initiative. EcoShift consultants offer services in both developing and investing in carbon offsets. We can help evaluate the impact of different offsets, as well as examine the legitimacy and validity of proposed offset schemes.