09 Jan Understanding the Role of Carbon Credits in Combating Climate Change
With growing public concern about climate change, organizations large and small are actively seeking ways to lessen their carbon footprint through Carbon Credits.
By Abbas Mashaollah, Jan 09, 2023, 4:25pm
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity today, and it will take a coordinated effort from all sectors of society to address it. One tool that has been utilized in this fight against climate change is carbon credits. Carbon credits are a way for businesses, governments, and other organizations to offset their carbon emissions by investing in renewable energy and other projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. These credits are a key component of the international effort to combat climate change and reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.
The concept of carbon credits dates back to the 1990s, when the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) introduced the idea of using market-based mechanisms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the main mechanisms developed by the UNFCCC was the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which allows industrialized countries to offset their emissions by investing in clean energy and other emission reduction projects in developing countries.
Under the CDM, carbon credits are issued to project developers who implement projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. These credits can then be sold to businesses, governments, and other organizations that are looking to offset their own emissions. The idea behind carbon credits is that by allowing businesses and governments to offset their emissions, they will be incentivized to reduce their own emissions, leading to a net reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions.
There are two main types of carbon credits: Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and Emission Reduction Units (ERUs). CERs are issued to projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, while ERUs are issued to projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. Both CERs and ERUs are traded on carbon markets, which are essentially financial markets where carbon credits are bought and sold.
One of the main benefits of carbon credits is that they provide a financial incentive for businesses and governments to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. By investing in carbon credits, organizations can offset their emissions and reduce their environmental impact, while also demonstrating their commitment to sustainability and climate action.
Another benefit of carbon credits is that they can help to fund clean energy and other emission reduction projects in developing countries. These projects can help to improve the lives of people living in these countries by providing access to clean energy, improving air quality, and creating new job opportunities.
However, carbon credits are not without controversy. Some critics argue that carbon credits can be used as a way for businesses and governments to avoid reducing their own emissions, and that they may not always lead to real and permanent emission reductions. There have also been concerns about the lack of transparency and accountability in the carbon credit market, with some critics alleging that carbon credits have been issued for projects that have not actually resulted in any emission reductions.
Despite these criticisms, carbon credits remain an important tool in the fight against climate change. By providing a financial incentive for businesses and governments to reduce their emissions and invest in clean energy and other emission reduction projects, carbon credits can help to drive progress towards a more sustainable and low-carbon future.


Global warming calculations have been too optimistic, and the sea level round the globe is likely to rise a full metre this century, two senior German scientists : Joachim Schellnhuber, who heads the Potsdam Institute for Research on Global Warming Effects, and Jochem Marotzke, a leading meteorologist, said UN-backed data on climate change, predicting a rise of 18 to 59 centimetres, were out of date.
According Schellnhuber “We now have to expect that the sea level will rise by one metre this century". He also said that international plans to limit the rise in average global temperatures to just 2 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, mainly by limiting growth in carbon dioxide, were only achievable with enormous effort.
Schnellnhuber, who is official adviser to German Chancellor Angela Merkel on climate-change issues, said the new findings employed data unavailable to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for its most recent global warming report.
The two experts said the IPCC report had been based on data up to 2005 only, but since then ice loss in the Arctic had doubled or tripled.
Schnellhuber charged that 20 percent of the loss of the ice sheet on Greenland could be directly linked to the added carbon dioxide emissions from new Chinese coal-fired power stations.
Taken from Environmental News Network


View Info for Tropical Storm Idalia heading towards Pawleys Island & Litchfield Beach.
8/31 Thursday Afternoon after Idalia
It’s a beautiful afternoon in Pawleys Island! We have reached out to all renters who are currently occupying properties and/ or walked through homes showing vacant this week. Thankfully, there have been very few issues to report. Just a few screens were blown out and yard debris scattered about. Any owners with damages beyond this have been contacted today by our office. All renters scheduled to arrive over the holiday weekend have been given the all-clear and told to come as scheduled.
We have a lot to be thankful for after this storm. Enjoy the beautiful weekend ahead and hope to see you around the beach very soon!
8/31 Thursday Morning after Idalia
Overall our area has a lot to be thankful for as the impacts of Idalia appear to be less than other recent storms. The power is on and there is no standing flood water. We are already reaching out to renters asking for a response about any damages that occurred overnight. Our rental staff and housekeepers are out inspecting the area and vacant homes first thing this morning. Throughout the day we will be working with housekeepers and maintenance personnel to prepare for guests that are scheduled to arrive and to check properties that are vacant. If your home is blocked for owner use please let us know if it needs to be inspected. Our office is open for regular hours, but we are asking people to limit calls so that we can respond to the most urgent needs first.
For renters scheduled to arrive over the next few days there is no change, unless we have called you with other details. The weather looks beautiful over the next few days!!!
8/30 Wednesday Afternoon Hurricane Idalia Update - TROPICAL STORM WARNING IN EFFECT Bullet points below paraphrased from WPDE news:
RAIN- Showers/storms will gradually increase this afternoon but the heaviest rain bands move through between 6 PM tonight and 4 PM Thursday.
FLOOD- Flash flooding possible around creeks, ponds, and ditches, and some road flooding. Up to 4" possible. The risk of flooding here is lower but not zero. Potential coastal flooding around high tide this evening around 8pm. Per National Hurricane Center, the 1-3 ft storm surge should be below Ian and Isaias. By Thursday morning's high tide at 8am, the wind should be offshore to minimize l flood potential. WIND- Gusty, mostly non-damaging wind is likely Wednesday night through Thursday morning. Winds will frequently gust around 35 - 40 mph and there will be several gusts around 50 mph.
Important Contact Information Power Outages - 888-769-7688 Spectrum Cable/ Internet Outage - 843-913-7941 Emergency – 911 Property Emergencies that cannot wait until tomorrow 843-237-9800
8/30 Wednesday Morning Hurricane Idalia Update
Hurricane Idalia made landfall in Florida around 745 AM EDT as a category 3 with winds of 125 mph. It is expected to rapidly deteriorate as it heads towards our area late afternoon into the evening. Recent reports are encouraging for Pawleys Island as the storm is expected to track further west which will bring less rain. Also the peak storm surge is looking like it will not arrive during the peak high tide, which equals less flooding.
The Dieter Company is open today and tomorrow, but please limit your calls. Regular updates will be provided on our website. Thank you!
Several HOAs have decided to close elevators down this after and will reopen them tomorrow as conditions allow. This includes all of Somerset in Litchfield By The Sea - Fordham, Cambridge, Warwick, Hamilton, Whitney Parrish, Paget, Sandpiper Run and Crescent, All of Inlet Point, All of Litchfield Retreat. Shipyard Village, Captains Quarters, and Bridgewater have not confirmed, but are likely to shut down as well.
Properties around the creek, marsh, and lake areas are prone to flooding during king tides. Coastal Dish Restaurant in Litchfield By The Sea and the North side of the Food Lion have offered up their parking lots as potential areas to relocate vehicles overnight.
For Renters scheduled to arrive over the next few days there are no changes at this time. The weather looks beautiful for the holiday weekend! We will post an update after the storm passes through tomorrow.
8/29/23 Tuesday Afternoon Hurricane Idalia Update
As expected, a tropical storm watch has been issued for our area. Our office is open regular days this week.
We are reaching out to current guests and asking them tohelp with the following before by tomorrow afternoon. Contact us immediately if you need assistance and we are glad to help. If properties are owner-occupied or vacant, let us know if you need assistance. Ensure all windows, doors, and screened doors are locked/ latched. Bring in lightweight outside furnishings. Turn heavy (or dirty) items so they will not blow away. Place grill in storage if possible. In the unlikely event power goes out, notify Santee Cooper 888-769-7688. Thursday afternoon let us know ifyour rental experiences any damage from the storm.
* Condo HOA’s may shut down elevators if the wind requires it and will be back online as soon as it is safe.
* Some properties may experience flash flooding. We suggest moving vehicles to higher ground if needed. King tides are expected on Pawleys Island.
Update from meteorologist Ed Piotrowski - “Once Idalia comes ashore, it will weaken rapidly and the center will pass near [our area] Wednesday evening through Thursday morning as a tropical storm. Idalia will be moving relatively fast by tropical standards so this system will be in and out of here quickly.”
Here's a paraphrase of what to expect:
RAIN - Showers/storms will gradually increase Wednesday afternoon and heaviest rain during the evening and overnight. By tropical standards, that's not a ton of rain but some localized flooding is possible.
WIND - Gusty, mostly non-damaging wind, around 35mph, is likely Wednesday night through Thursday morning. Wind of this magnitude typically produces little damage and isolated power outages.
COASTAL – Onshore wind will cause king tides Wednesday evening and Thursday morning higher than usual. Coastal flooding/surge for Ian was 5-7 ft. Current projections from NHC suggest a 1-3 ft. storm surge with Idalia.
Helpful Contact Provided by The Chamber of Commerce
Town of Pawleys Island: The Town of Pawleys Island Police Department encourages residents and guests on the island to move vehicles to the mainland this afternoon/evening as greatest impacts for flooding are from approximately 9 pm to 2 am.
The Dieter Company plans to be open for normal business hours all week. We
are keeping a close eye on Tropical Storm Idalia and will any important updates as details change. Our
favorite sources of information are: https://spaghettimodels.com/ Consolidated weather information https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ National Hurricane
Center https://wpde.com/weather Local Weather Expert recent update below
Details below are shared this afternoon from Ed Piotrowski -
- Timing is Wednesday afternoon - Thursday morning
Tropical Storm Idalia is getting better organized and is poised to steadily, if not rapidly,
intensify today through landfall Wednesday morning on the west coast of Florida. Once Idalia comes ashore, it
will weaken rapidly and the center will pass near or over the Grand Strand late Wednesday afternoon through
Thursday morning as a tropical storm.Idalia will be moving fast so this system will be in and out of
here quickly. Understandably, everyone wants to know precisely what impacts we'll see here. That is
becoming clearer but there's still uncertainty in the details. So as I said yesterday, here's a general idea of
what I expect.
TIMING - Worst of the weather from Wednesday afternoon through Thursday morning. As long as
the system doesn't slow down, Friday through Monday actually looks beautiful.
RAIN - With a stalled front over us, scattered showers and storms are likely today and Tuesday.
More widespread, heavy rain looks to gradually arrive Wednesday afternoon and evening, continue Wednesday
night and end Thursday morning. Where the heaviest band of rain sets up will depend on the exact track.
Closer to the coast, more rain inland. A track offshore would bring the heaviest rain closer to the coast. 3-6"
with isolated higher amounts possible. That could lead to some flooding in low-lying areas. At least the
system is moving fast so it won't linger and produce outrageous rain totals that lead to widespread
WIND - Gusty, mostly non-damaging wind will be possible as the system moves by. 40 mph wind
gusts are not out of the question.
TORNADO - A low-end tornado risk is possible mainly near the coast Wednesday afternoon and night.
COASTAL - With the track very near or offshore of the Grand Strand, a stiff onshore wind may cause
king tides Wednesday evening to run even higher than usual. With that said, I don't see the coastal
flooding/surge being as bad as Ian. Ian's surge was 5-7 ft. for the Grand Strand. Early projections
(obviously subject to change) from NHC suggest a 1-3 ft. storm surge will be possible with Idalia. Why the
difference? Idalia will be weaker when it arrives here and moving parallel and away from our coastline…not
coming ashore perpendicularly like Ian did. Still, it's important to check back for updates.


Weather conditions in Arizona may seem boring and repetitive. It is true to some degree, but one has to be aware that conditions can change so rapidly and unexpectedly. Dangerous conditions can pop up at any time. Just the damage the sun can do is cause for concern. During the monsoon season and other rainy periods everyone must consider rain and wind. Flooding occurs frequently. Severe thunderstorms spring up quickly. Lightning causes many fires. Dust storms (haboobs) can reduce visibility to near zero. These conditions often cause serious problems.
Staying aware of conditions and forecasts is fairly easy with today’s technology. Apps and equipment allow accurate and fast access to current weather information.
I have a weather station near my home, and it uploads current conditions to the internet frequently. The weather information is identified by Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP) station KAZWITTM16 which belongs to me. No video camera is currently associated with the station, but maybe sometime in the future.


Each day, several tons of meteoric material enters Earth's atmosphere, with the majority of this material consisting of small dust particles that completely or partially ablate at high altitudes. This large influx of dust particles has been suggested to play a role in a variety of atmospheric phenomena, but it also provides the opportunity to directly measure the dust environment around the Earth. Such measurements have the potential to improve hazard mitigation models for future missions as well as provide important data for better understanding the evolution of the inner solar system. Various methods are used to detect and measure the properties of the meteors depending on their size. Meteor radars are one such method that is sensitive to the most important mass regime in terms of daily mass input (10^-9 – 10^-3 g), but there are large uncertainties in the ablation process which lead to uncertainties in the radar measurements. The dust accelerator facility at the SSERVI Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres and Cosmic Dust (IMPACT) has implemented an experiment that allows for the simulation of micrometeroid ablation in the laboratory. A pressurized ablation chamber is fitted to the end of the dust accelerator and acts as a proxy atmosphere for the accelerated dust particles. The pressure is monitored by an absolute pressure gauge and can be pressurized from 15-500 mTorr with a variety of gases. The design of the ablation chamber expands on previous experimental efforts and contains a suite of electronics capable of measuring the generated plasma along the entire ablation trajectory with a spatial resolution of 2.6 cm. This allows for a direct measurement of the ionization coefficient, β, which is a critical parameter for interpreting radar measurements. It also allows for the verification of the basic physics in commonly used ablation models. Here we report on new measurements of the ionization coefficient for iron micrometeoroids impacting N2, air, CO2, and He gases. Our results indicate potential problems with using the commonly used β values for interpreting ablation data for CO2 atmospheres (like Mars) and for high-speed meteors on Earth.


According to the IMGW, the most vulnerable area is along the coast, and in the adjoining Pomerania region of northern Poland.
The worst is expected in the afternoon and at night, with winds estimated to blow at 60 km per hour on the eastern stretch of the coastline tonight, with gusts possibly reaching 135 km per hour (around 84 mph).
Winds of over 119 km per hour (74 mph) are typically classified as reaching hurricane levels.
Other parts of Poland are also bracing themselves for intense winds.
In Warsaw gusts may reach 65 km per hour (40 mph) in the afternoon and 90 km per hour (56 mph) at night.
The Wielkopolska, Łodz, Lubusz regions could see gusts reaching 110 km per hour (68 mph) at night.
The IMGW has also warned that drivers and pedestrians should pay particular care in areas where winds are accompanied by snowfall, with the combination making a lethal cocktail.
Please stay safe, guys, if you can, stay at home and avoid going out for the next three days at least. It’s heavy raining on the coastline right now and wind gets stronger and stronger.
Signal boost this message, please, for it might be dangerous and a serious life threat for people living close to the sea.


It’s time to take a shower… or rather to take in a shower that will prove to be a tremendously fascinating light show in the skies.
The Geminid meteor shower peaks Thursday night and in Southeast Texas, viewing conditions are expected to be optimum for sky gazing. The Geminid shower, under dark and empty skies, can produce over 120 meteors per hour. The shower is also characterized by bright meteors.
Because of the current full moon, The Geminids will peak in the skies Thursday and will offer gazing that is free of the moon’s glare. Viewers that live in dark and rural areas will be able to view perhaps 100 or more meteors per hour.
Bill Cooke, head of NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office, said in a statement that Thursday will be a great evening for viewing of the meteors: “Meteors from the new shower (if any) will be visible in the early evening, with the Geminids making their appearance later on and lasting until dawn, Cooke stated.
The Geminids are named so due to their appearance seeming to emanate from the constellation Gemini (The Twins).
For those that are planning on taking in the Geminid Meteor, a few scattered Geminids can be spotted shortly after sunset tonight. The meteor shower show will really begin to light the sky around 10 p.m.(EST) local time, The meteor shower should be at its peak at 2 a.m. or so.
Sky gazers will not need binoculars or a telescope to see the shooting stars but to ensure optimal star gazing, make sure you are far aways from the bright lights of a big city.
So will you go outside and view the Geminid Meteor Shower? Take a look at related video below!
Cicely C. Mitchell, 100.3 KILT/Houston


About the Center
Centre for Meteorology and Climatology is a state scientific under Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (IMH), established by Decision No 17/2003/QD-BTNMT dated December 16, 2003, of Minister of Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MoNRE), from merge of Climate Research Center and Tropical Meteorology and Typhoon Research Center; the center has function as scientific research, implementing on science and techology about related meteorology, climatology and atmospheric physics and sea – air interaction. About 33 people work at the Center of which 3 doctors, 2 masters and 28 engineers and bachelors.
Research Profile :
- General meteorology, climatology, and prediction;
-Applied climate, atmospheric circulation and monsoon;
-Climate resources and extreme values;
- Climate change and prediction;
- Tropical meteorology and typhoon, ocean-air interaction


Climate change is the large-scale and long-term change in our weather patterns. Whilst some of this change can be attributed to the planet’s natural cycle, it’s accepted overwhelmingly by scientists that it has been accelerated by human activity, mostly through emissions of carbon into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels (these are also known as ‘greenhouse gases’).
Countries around the world have committed to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases on the planet. In the UK, the government has stated that it intends to balance, on the one hand, the amount of carbon that’s emitted (through greenhouse gases) by businesses and domestic households with, on the other, the amount that is removed from the atmosphere by 2050. This is widely known as achieving ‘net zero’.
At Crimson Crab, we recognise that many businesses will want to play their part in reducing their carbon emissions to help ensure that – collectively – we don’t see the worst effects of climate change that scientists have warned will happen if no action is taken.
To find out more, complete our free Climate Change and Carbon Reduction Checklist. We don’t ask you to sign up or collect any data about you. The results are for your use only.
Our Climate Change and Carbon Emission Solutions:


Contrary to popular belief, it is the wind and not the amount of snow that differentiates a blizzard from a snow storm. This is according to the National Weather Service, who’s definition for snow storm classifies a blizzard as a storm that has strong enough winds to blow snow resulting in low visibility. To be classified as a blizzard, a snow storm must feature winds as high as 35 mph that cuts down visibility to at most .25 miles.
While cold and a large snowfall are major features of many blizzards, they are not necessary for the classification. The strongest blizzard can sometimes last for days, especially if there is an excessive amount of snow.
To be classified as a “severe” blizzard, there are certain benchmarks that it must meet. The winds must get up over 45 mph and temperatures have to dip below 10 degrees fahrenheit. In some places, such as Antarctica, blizzards have been known to feature winds as high as 99 mph.
A ground blizzard is a completely different kind of storm. While it was played for comedy in the famous Peanuts cartoon, it is absolutely true that snow can come up from the ground. A ground blizzard occurs when there is no precipitation but high winds pick up loose snow and blow it around, causing low visibility.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word “blizzard” most likely has an onomatopoeic origin. Words like blister, blast and blow all relate closely to the word blizzard. It lists the first use of the word in 1829. At the time, that first use described a blizzard as a violent blow. It wasn’t until 1859 that the word made its way into the dictionary and by the 1880s it had become a common term in the United States.
While we all know that blizzards are caused by wintery conditions, there is a specific cause. Most often, blizzards are caused by warm southern air interacting with cold northern air. For instance, the Pacific Ocean sends cold and moist air to the east, where it meets warm air from the Gulf of Mexico. If any of this air dips south, then a blizzard will start to form. This is why there is so much snow in the Rockies, since that is often where the two will clash.
Another cause of blizzards in the United States is when a cold front over the Hudson Bay area in Canada shifts to the great lakes region and New England. This air can clash with the air from the Gulf of Mexico, which will cause blizzard conditions and high snowfall.
The Rocky Mountains can be a source of low pressure systems. These systems can move onto the flat land of the Great Plans and collide with the warm air there. There are fewer obstructions on the plains, so the wind can reach incredible speeds. Not only that, but the collision can cause massive thunderstorms to the south and heavy snowfall to the north. Without the obstructions to block the wind, it can reach extreme low visibility very quickly. A whiteout is when there is literally no visibility at all. People have been known to get lost on their property since they cannot see what is in front of their faces, including their own homes if they are more than 10 ft away. In these conditions, driving is incredibly dangerous and motorists need to pull over and wait until visibility is safe again.


Sometimes, calamities can go way beyond our predictions. One such event is the occurrence of Cyclone Vardah. Chennai was unaware, to put it rightly, unprepared for such an intense cyclone. The weather forecast department realized its strength only by Sunday afternoon when the skies got cloudy and windy.
Meteorological history[ edit ] Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir—Simpson scale Under the influence of an upper-air cyclonic circulation, a low-pressure area formed over the Andaman Sea on October 6.
An animation showing Hudhud developing an eye on October 11 Early on October 10, the JTWC classified the storm as a Category 1 tropical cyclone after it formed a microwave eye feature and was located in an environment favorable for further intensification with moderate wind shear.
The strength of the winds disrupted telecommunication lines and damaged the radar, inhibiting further observations. The storm continued its weakening trend and was last noted as a well-marked low pressure area over east Uttar Pradesh on October Fishermen were warned about the storm.
Landslides were reported on the island, causing some power and communication lines to fail. The local government made arrangements to shift half a million people in all.
As per initial reports, 3 people were killed due to heavy rainfall accompanied by strong winds in coastal areas.
Hundreds of vehicles parked on roads were damaged while heavy rains inundated a few colonies. The roof of the terminal was torn apart due to the speed of the cyclone.“The Budapest-born artist lived in India for eight years (after WWI), then left to study art in Paris before returning to India in She toured the country to get closer to Indian art: Mathura sculptures, Ajanta, Pahari and Mughal miniatures, all of which influenced her work till the end.
Nuclear Power: Harmful To India? The seawater intake pipeline of the Minjur desalination plant in Thiruvallur district was uprooted in during the Cyclone Nisha. Repairing the pipeline required engineers from the Netherlands and took more than 45 days. Print and electronic media in India does not allow space and time to show vividly.
India (/pfmlures.comˈɪndiə/), conventional long name Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia.
A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of a tropical cyclone and some characteristics of an extratropical cyclone. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclones.
Look up cyclone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cyclones. British Raj Clive and the British East India Company The story of the British Raj begins in with the marriage of King Charles II of England to a Portuguese princess, Catherine of Braganza Charles received the island of Bombay, on the west coast of India, as part of the dowry and he later rented Bombay to the British East India Company.
Hampi, one of my top cities to visit in India in was the capital of the ancient Vijaynagar Dynasty that ruled South India for over years and there are several temples, towers, palaces and monuments that are in various forms of crumbles.


What is a greenhouse and its uses?
A greenhouse is a structure made of transparent materials, such as glass or plastic, in which plants are grown. Greenhouses are used to protect plants from the weather and to provide a controlled environment for growing plants. Greenhouses can be used to grow a variety of plants, including vegetables, fruits, flowers, and herbs. They can also be used to propagate plants, or to increase the yield of crops.
Do greenhouses stay warm in winter?
Yes, greenhouses stay warm in winter because they are enclosed and have a heating system.
How does greenhouse work?
The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from the sun is absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere and then re-emitted as heat. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane, trap some of the heat and cause the Earth to warm. This warming is called the greenhouse effect.
Why is the greenhouse important?
A greenhouse is important because it helps to regulate the climate inside, which in turn helps to grow plants.
What type of steel structure would be best for a greenhouse?
There are three recommended types of greenhouse steel structures:
- Single-span greenhouse steel structure
- Multi-span greenhouse steel structure
- Arch-shaped greenhouse steel structure
What are the 5 main greenhouse?
The five main greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
How can I heat my greenhouse naturally?
There are a few ways to heat a greenhouse naturally. One way is to use the sun’s energy. Another way is to use heat from the earth.
If you have any questions in mind, don’t hesitate to make a contact us.


Today, East Coast Facilities announces the launch of a certified weather center to compliment its existing central operations command center, located in Allentown Pennsylvania. Over the past months, East Coast Facilities has invested a substantial amount of resources into the technology platform, personnel, and hardware needed to operate the new weather center. The weather center will be powered by the firm’s affiliate, True Weather, LLC.
The question is, “why does a facility maintenance services provider need a certified weather center?” The entire operational response planning and fulfillment engineering process for East Coast Facilities is impacted by the weather — for better or worse. Weather conditions directly affect the timing — or even emergency response plans — of our operations teams.
The benefits? Accurate site-specific forecasting that only dedicated, certified, meteorologists can provide on a daily basis. Real-time severe storm monitoring, which alerts our operations leaders to incoming threats, such as lightning, severe thunderstorms, tropical storm systems, and winter weather advisories.
East Coast Facilities provides comprehensive maintenance services to high-security properties, universities, hospitals, industrial hubs, world headquarters venues, and more. Our clients require customized emergency response plans when tropical storms or severe winter weather threatens safety and access.
The new certified weather center will be powered by TrueWeather, LLC and lead by Chief Meteorologist Michael Defino.
Michael graduated in 2010 with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Earth Sciences/Meteorology from the California University of Pennsylvania. Michael has already recorded five years of professional experience as a certified meteorologist, providing accurate forecasting to high-profile clientele ranging from Major League Baseball teams to Hollywood movie sets. Michael, who is also a partner, will now lead the TrueWeather team and ensure that East Coast Facilities operations staff will have the most accurate and up-to-date data, which will significantly enhance operational decisions and strategies.
There is no doubt about the direction East Coast Facilities is heading under the leadership of the firm’s Executive Management. Decisions and innovations such as these directly translate to standards for fulfillment, quality, and safety that are simply unparalleled in the industry.


Warmer sea-surface temperatures caused by climate change could boost the frequency and potency of hurricanes, and that may be what we are now witnessing following the wave of ferocious Atlantic storms in recent years. A paper published last month in the journal Nature by meteorologist Kerry Emanuel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology concluded that the destructive power of hurricanes increased 50% over the last half century, and that a rise in surface temperatures linked to global warming was at least partly responsible.
“People are beginning to seriously wonder whether there is a [global warming] signal there,” said Emanuel. “I think you are going to see a lot more of a focus on this in coming years.”
Hurricane activity in the Atlantic has been higher than normal in nine of the last 11 years, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This month, the agency raised its already-high hurricane forecast for this year to 18 to 21 tropical storms, including as many as 11 that would become hurricanes and five to seven that would reach major-hurricane status. That could make 2005 one of the most violent hurricane seasons ever recorded. A typical storm year in the Atlantic results in six hurricanes.
But the agency believes that the increase is the result of a confluence of cyclical ocean and atmospheric conditions that tend to produce heightened tropical storms every 20 to 30 years. If global warming is playing any role in the hurricanes, it is a minor one, NOAA maintains.
Computer models have shown for years that rising sea-surface temperatures resulting from global warming could create more ideal conditions for hurricanes. Yet before Emanuel’s research there were few indications that hurricanes had become stronger or more frequent, despite well-documented increases in surface temperatures.
But the idea is a controverisal one. NOAA hurricane expert Chris Landsea withdrew this year from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an international scientific group that periodically sums up the consensus on global warming. Landsea said in a letter to scientific colleagues that he resigned because he strongly disagreed with public statements made by Kevin Trenberth of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, also part of the panel, suggesting that last year’s Atlantic hurricanes were linked to global warming.
While the scientists argue, the prospect of stronger hurricanes has alarmed insurance companies. Munich Re, the world’s largest insurance company insurer, said that global warming was at least partly responsible for a rise in worldwide insurance losses over the last 50 years, including $114.5 billion in losses last year, the second-highest total ever. Critics, including Roger Pielke Jr. of the University of Colorado, attribute the losses to more people living in harm’s way in areas such as Florida and Louisiana.
But more and bigger storms in recent years is a reality. “You are seeing more intense storms, which is consistent with what you would see” under global warming scenarios, said Richard Murnane, a hurricane expert with the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, which studies storms for insurance companies. “The majority view is that if this keeps up for a few more years, we will be outside of natural variability.” (LAT, Aug. 30)
Ross Gelbspan writes in the Boston Globe Aug. 30:
The Hurricane that struck Louisiana yesterday was nicknamed Katrina by the National Weather Service. Its real name is global warming.
When the year began with a two-foot snowfall in Los Angeles, the cause was global warming.
When 124-mile-an-hour winds shut down nuclear plants in Scandinavia and cut power to hundreds of thousands of people in Ireland and the United Kingdom, the driver was global warming.
When a severe drought in the Midwest dropped water levels in the Missouri River to their lowest on record earlier this summer, the reason was global warming.
In July, when the worst drought on record triggered wildfires in Spain and Portugal and left water levels in France at their lowest in 30 years, the explanation was global warming.
When a lethal heat wave in Arizona kept temperatures above 110 degrees and killed more than 20 people in one week, the culprit was global warming.
And when the Indian city of Bombay (Mumbai) received 37 inches of rain in one day – killing 1,000 people and disrupting the lives of 20 million others – the villain was global warming.
As the atmosphere warms, it generates longer droughts, more-intense downpours, more-frequent heat waves, and more-severe storms.
Although Katrina began as a relatively small hurricane that glanced off south Florida, it was supercharged with extraordinary intensity by the relatively blistering sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico.
The consequences are as heartbreaking as they are terrifying.
Unfortunately, very few people in America know the real name of Hurricane Katrina because the coal and oil industries have spent millions of dollars to keep the public in doubt about the issue.
The reason is simple: To allow the climate to stabilize requires humanity to cut its use of coal and oil by 70 percent. That, of course, threatens the survival of one of the largest commercial enterprises in history.
In 1995, public utility hearings in Minnesota found that the coal industry had paid more than $1 million to four scientists who were public dissenters on global warming. And ExxonMobil has spent more than $13 million since 1998 on an anti-global warming public relations and lobbying campaign.
In 2000, big oil and big coal scored their biggest electoral victory yet when President George W. Bush was elected president – and subsequently took suggestions from the industry for his climate and energy policies.
As the pace of climate change accelerates, many researchers fear we have already entered a period of irreversible runaway climate change.
For years, the fossil fuel industry has lobbied the media to accord the same weight to a handful of global warming skeptics that it accords the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change–more than 2,000 scientists from 100 countries reporting to the United Nations.
Today, with the science having become even more robust – and the impacts as visible as the mega-storm that covered much of the Gulf of Mexico – the press bears a share of the guilt for our self-induced destruction with the oil and coal industries.
As a Bostonian, I am afraid that the coming winter will – like last winter – be unusually short and devastatingly severe. At the beginning of 2005, a deadly ice storm knocked out power to thousands of people in New England and dropped a record-setting 42.2 inches of snow on Boston.
The conventional name of the month was January. Its real name is global warming.
(Both stories via TruthOut)
Some of the United States’ leading scientists have accused Republican politicians of intimidating climate-change experts by placing them under unprecedented scrutiny. A far-reaching inquiry into the careers of three senior climate specialists has been launched by Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. He has demanded details of all their sources of funding, methods and everything they have ever published. Barton, a Texan closely associated with the fossil-fuel lobby, has spent his 11 years as chairman opposing every piece of legislation designed to combat climate change. He is now using the powers of his committee to force the scientists to produce great quantities of material, alleging flaws in their research.
The scientific work they are investigating formed part of the 2001 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which convinced most world leaders–George Bush being a notable exception—that urgent action was needed. The demands in letters sent to the scientists have been compared by some US media commentators to the anti-communist “witch-hunts” pursued by Joe McCarthy in the 1950s.
The three US climate scientists—Michael Mann of the Earth System Science Centre at Pennsylvania State University; Raymond Bradley of the Climate System Research Center at the University of Massachusetts; and Malcolm Hughes formerly of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona—have been told to send large volumes of material. A letter demanding information on the three and their work has also gone to Arden Bement, director of the US National Science Foundation.
Barton’s inquiry was launched after an article in the Wall Street Journal quoted an economist and a statistician—neither from a climate science background—saying there were methodological flaws and data errors in the three scientists’ work. It accused the trio of refusing to make their original material available to be cross-checked.
Barton then asked for everything the scientists had ever published and all baseline data. He said the information was necessary because Congress was going to make policy decisions drawing on their work, and his committee needed to check its validity.
Eighteen of the country’s most influential scientists from Princeton and Harvard have written to Barto expressing “deep concern.” Their letter says much of the information requested is unrelated to climate science. It says: “Requests to provide all working materials related to hundreds of publications stretching back decades can be seen as intimidation—intentional or not—and thereby risks compromising the independence of scientific opinion that is vital to the pre-eminence of American science as well as to the flow of objective science to the government.”
Alan Leshner protested on behalf of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, also expressing “deep concern” about the inquiry, which appeared to be “a search for a basis to discredit the particular scientists rather than a search for understanding.”
In the House, Henry Waxman (D-CA), wrote complaining that this was a “dubious” inquiry, viewed by many as a “transparent effort to bully and harass climate-change experts who have reached conclusions with which you disagree.” The strongest language came from another Republican, Sherwood Boehlert of upstate New York, chairman of the House Science Committee. He wrote to “express my strenuous objections to what I see as the misguided and illegitimate investigation.” He said the precedent was “truly chilling,” and the inquiry “seeks to erase the line between science and politics.” (UK Guardian, Aug. 30 via TruthOut)


EU Sets New Targets to Reduce Energy Emissions
At last year’s Paris climate talk, 196 countries agreed to take action to keep global warming from rising 2C above pre-industrial levels.
The EU agreed to a 40pc reduction on greenhouse gas emission levels by 2030. Each state has its own reduction targets that are set as fairly and realistically as possible.
In the last climate change briefing, the European Commission proposed that Ireland reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 30pc, which are the 12th highest targets in the EU.
The latest research shows that European greenhouse gas emissions will be 26pc lower by 2020. By 2030 they are expected to be 35pc lower and will continue to fall.
According the Paris initiative, the EU must get a minimum of 20pc of energy from renewable sources by 2020. At the moment Europe is behind on those targets.
Right now, renewable energy covers about 19pc of Europe’s total energy generation by 2020. The largest source of renewable energy in Europe will be wind, and solar and biomass are expected to increase as well while nuclear energy will be reduced.


Recently China published a study that offers a clear understanding of how weather, especially the climatic conditions during the summer have an effect on the transmission of the novel coronavirus.
The researchers of the Chengdu University of Information Technology, China released a publication in which the monthly average temperature of all the Chines provinces was analyzed. The downward short-wave UV radiation and humidity of these provinces were checked when the coronavirus outbreak was at its initial stage.
This study along with some more similar studies analyzed how the climatic conditions would impact the transmission of Covid-19 causing pathogen, SARS CoV-2.
Chengdu researchers mentioned that the implementations of their findings were not complete, but the results reveal that certain climatic conditions have boosted the spread of coronavirus throughout the world.
They used the data from the European Center for Long-Term Weather Forecast (ECMWF) to compare the climatic conditions with the number of Covid-19 positive cases in every province of China for the months of January and February. Their findings show that there are three types of meteorological conditions in which Covid-19 spreads excessively.
UV light from the sun, excessive humidity, and temperature. Chinese provinces that had temperatures between 0 and 10 degrees° C or 32 to 50°F had the highest number of Covid-19 positive cases.
The researchers also found that the spread of SARS CoV-2 pathogen also depends on the strength of solar radiation. In areas where the solar radiation was high, the UV rays were strong and the sky was clear the number of cases of Covid-19 was less. On the contrary, in the place where the solar radiation was less and below a certain level, the spread of this virus was high.
Situated at a high altitude of 4000 m, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, also referred to as the Roof of the World always has a strong solar radiation. This plateau covers a vast area of 965,000 square miles and is located in the southwest part of China. It receives a high amount of UV-B radiations when they reach the surface of the plateau.
The altitude of the area is not just the factor affecting the solar radiation. It is the number of clouds and the thickness that are significant in determining the downward shortwave UV radiation emitted by the sun that reaches the surface of the earth.
The weather in the northwest is clear and has lesser clouds in the sky. It is a dry and arid region, and this region experiences the highest radiation compared to the other regions of China, the researchers said. This is why it would be difficult for the Covid-19 virus to spread excessively in the plateau of southwest and this arid region in the northwest because of the high UV-B radiations they are exposed to, they are added.
The results of this research revealed about a connection between the regions that reported a lesser number of cases that are situated at high altitudes and received high UV-B radiations.
The main author of this research, Xiaohang Wen, mentioned that these findings are not just applicable to the Chinese territories but for the entire world.
The researchers say that these findings will help in understanding the growth of viruses, especially at its initial stage. Along with this, the findings from their study will help the people globally to deal with this in future.
Wen, says the virus will possibly begin spreading in South America in the month of July and August. Along with this, the countries located in the Northern hemisphere will experience the outbreak once again in October and November.
Studies similar to that of Wen and his team, have also focused on these factors, especially UV radiation. As per a compiled data for the beginning of this year it was seen that there was a continuous increase in the UV rays in all big cities, as winters came to end. Studies also suggest that lack of UV radiation and Vitamin D received from the exposure of the sun can be the cause of severity in the spread of the Covid-19 disease in specific parts of the world.
Meteorologist Michael Steinberg, reveals that there are various factors which define the amount or strength of UV radiations that reach the Earth, and seasonality is one of the most significant factors.
Even though the UV radiation released by the sun is constant, the amount that reaches the Earth differs because of the factors. It is mainly blocked by the ozone layer surrounding the Earth, certain clouds that are very thick, surface elevation, pressure to a certain degree, humidity, and some others. The most important factors amongst all these are time of the year, time of the day, and latitude. These three together are the most significant factors that determine the level of UV radiation and the amount is determined by other factors that are mentioned.
The findings of Chengdu researchers and some other studies related to the spread of influenza reveal that if the weather is favorable for even just a month, it can highly impact the spread of the virus and lower the transmission.
The authors of the study also revealed that understanding the environmental factors predominant in the widespread of Covid-19 will help in forecasting the potential risks of the global spread of this pandemic and help in providing support for its prevention and monitoring of countries across the globe.
The researchers collected data from all the provinces of China to evaluate how the shift in meteorological conditions is connected with the number of positive Covid-19 cases in that particular province.
Steinberg says, that when the summers of the United States is taken into consideration, the temperature, levels of humidity and UV radiation will be much higher than what they were in the winters at the time when Covid-19 outbreak began. These factors should help lowering the spread of this disease if the findings of the researchers are true.
Steinberg also mentions that the absolute humidity or the amount of water in the air and the humidity is high in the summers as the hot air holds more water vapor compared to the cold air. During the cold season when the relative humidity is 100% at a temperature of 30 ° F, there is half the water vapor in the air in contrast to the 25% at a temperature of 84° F in the summers.
Along with the rise in humidity, there is an increase in the solar radiation also in the summer of the United States.
The difference in the season is much more in areas of higher latitudes but throughout the United States, the UV index on an average would probably be between 8 and 9 during the summer and between 2 and 3 in the winters.
Referring to the earlier studies that reveal most enclosed viruses like the coronaviruses display ‘strong seasonality’ because the virus particles oily coating hardens.
This oily coating of the viruses is softened in humid and warm conditions. It also doesn’t let the respiratory droplets float in the air for long instead, they fall on the ground in the summers.
Dr. Jeremy Rossman from Kent University says, the summers in the United States will help in reducing the spread of coronavirus as the humidity levels have a high impact on the respiratory droplets. The nation would experience a reduction in the transmission of SARS CoV-19 pathogen in summers. Although this wouldn’t be as effective in stopping the virus completely but it would definitely help in containment measures.
The Chengdu authors of the study have mentioned several factors other than the climate that add to the increase in the spread of the virus, such as population density, virus mutation, population movement, etc. They did analyze these points and said that the weather patterns and meteorological data points should be considered as the main point of focus in the forthcoming studies to get a better picture of Covid-19’s spread.
The researchers look forward to creating a mathematical model that would predict seasonal or daily rates of incidence by taking into consideration radiation, highest temperature air pressure, humidity, minimum temperature, population density and population transmission, they mentioned as they closed their paper.
By bettering their understanding about the impact of meteorological factors on the transmission of this pandemic, a scientific control system can be made to lower the risk of virus transmission globally.
Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. Anti Vibration Technologies does not claim responsibility for this information.


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starting location to be posted tomorrow.
from this month’s leader:
this MMR is not going anywhere near your house.
the WeatherService says,
“friday night: a slight chance of snow. cloudy, with a low around 26. east southeast wind between 3 and 5 mph. chance of precipitation is 20%.
saturday: a chance of freezing rain. cloudy, with a high near 34. light and variable wind. chance of precipitation is 50%.”
dress warm, bring hot beverages, say your rosary, and if you’re not comfortable negotiating dark and possibly slippery roads, mmm… just think about it is all i’m saying.
otherwise, come along and we’ll have a good time!


Nasa's Earth Observatory Website (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3) has an interesting look at water temperatures in the Gulf and how they are the motivating force in Hurricane development. I'm not sure how long the link will remain valid as the content changes occasionally, but the pictures and explanations you can find here are always interesting and enlightening. Here is a bit of what they say about it:
A hurricane’s track depends primarily on the winds that steer it, and these winds are forecasted with atmospheric models. The hurricane’s energy source, however, comes from the ocean.
Sea surface height is a useful measure of potential hurricane activity because storm-fueling warm water is higher than surrounding cooler water. The area shown in red is approximately 35 to 60 centimeters (roughly 13 to 23 inches) higher than the surrounding Gulf.