Global warming can be describes as the observed increase in the global temperatures caused by human action as well as its continuation. It is a phenomenon that has caused a lot of discussion across the globe, with many people citing its implications towards the world and the entire human existence. This paper aims to affirm the thesis statement that global warming has been a lead cause of most of the pollution of the world and that its impacts are usually harmful.
A major impact of global warming is the warming of oceans. It has been noted in various studies that have been carried out that the increased heat caused by the rise in the level of co2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans (Baig, Mirza Jawwad, et al 12). The absorption results in a rise in surface temperature that leads to thermal expansion. Thermal expansion is an instance where the temperature increases while the seawater increases leading to a rise in the sea level that changes ocean circulation (Vuille, Mathias, et al 3745). As a result, there are harmful effects such as coastal erosion, arctic erosion, and warmer bottom water. Global warming has been destructive in the sense that it leads to an increased sea level. Rises in sea level occur mainly due to the thermal expansion resulting from sea warming as well as the loss of mass from ice sheets and glaciers (Turkington et al 1099). The rise is a threat towards many settlements and cities located in low coastal areas which could be flooded leading to disasters. People would be forced to vacate the coastal areas, thus leading to the displacement of populations.
Global warming causes excessive ice loss. Glaciers in mountains are important water storage that provides water flowing into rivers for the dependence of human life (Vuille, Mathias, et al 3749). As they melt away, they store lesser amounts of water making it a threat to the sustenance of the human population in some areas. The melting ice also exposes biota that is found in some parts in the arctic which is converted to co2, thus increasing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere (Baig, Mirza Jawwad, et al 9). The melting act leads to land subsidence where the environment is damaged through actions such as spills from broken pipes and effluence from buildings that have been constructed on permanently frozen zones.
There have been disruptive climate changes that have been brought about by global warming (Turkington et al 1092). For instance, scientists have found out that the troposphere’s temperature has gone slightly under 1-degree centigrade above the pre-industrial and is continuously rising as a result of an increment in greenhouse gases (Baig, Mirza Jawwad, et al 18). Warming involves severe events in terms of the weather. For example, there is an increase in temperatures that have got to an extreme level while there are also instances of extreme cold weather in the northern hemisphere as a result of the destruction of the polar Volex (Vuille, Mathias, et al 3745). There have been occurrences of droughts where farmland and habitats have been affected. Evaporation is also an instance of climatic changes where water from the soil evaporates quickly as the troposphere gets warmer and capable of holding more water in vapor form.
Baig, Mirza Jawwad, et al. “Impact of Global Warming on South Asia Low Pressure and Regional Cloud Cover.” Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 55.3 (2018): 9-18.
Turkington, Thea, Bertrand Timbal, and Raizan Rahmat. “The impact of global warming on sea surface temperature based El Niño–Southern Oscillation monitoring indices.” International Journal of Climatology 39.2 (2019): 1092-1103.
Vuille, Mathias, et al. “Impact of the global warming hiatus on Andean temperature.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120.9 (2015): 3745-3757.
| Sender notified by |
Mailtrack 10/03/19, 09:00:36 PM


Please select your parameter. Available stations will populate in the table to the right. Select a station within the table to reveal pop-up graph below. On the Multi-Graph bar below, you can select Favorites, Recently Clicked and Nearby Stations from there. Clicking on that station's graph will bring you to the zoom and download pop-up window. Data formats includes CSV, WaterML2.0, Plain Text, HTML and JSON.
Select the STAR to add/remove your Favourite stations of any parameter. The CHECK MARK icon will show what stations you've recently clicked. The bottom SELECT BY AREA icon will allow you to draw a rectangle on the map to select a group of stations. The mini graph bar is desinged to hold these selections by using cookies. By disabling cookies for this site, you will not have this functionality. No other information is stored beyond the use of recalling Favourite and Recently Clicked stations.
Air Temperature: Measured in degrees Celsius (C), air temperature is the instantaneous air temperature measured at a given interval.
Barometric Pressure: Measured in millibar (mbar), barometric pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the atmosphere as a function of its weight.
Dew Point Temperature: Reported in degrees Celsius (C), dew point temperature is the temperature that air would have to be cooled to reach saturation. Calculated using measured values of air temperature and corresponding relative humidity.
Global Radiation: Measured in watts per square metre (W/m2), a measure of total incoming solar radiation for a given interval.
Precipitation: Measured in millimetres (mm), precipitation is the amount of rain or snow that has fallen during a given period of time (5 minute).
Precipitation Accumulation: Measured in millimetres (mm) precipitation accumulation is the running total precipitation accumulated in 5 minute intervals over a given duration.
Relative Humidity: Measured in percent (%), relative humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapour contained in the air relative to maximum amount of water vapour air can hold at a given air temperature.
Water Temperature: Measured in degrees Celsius (C), water temperature is the instantaneous water temperature in a river or lake measured at a given interval.
Wind Direction: Measured in whole cardinal degrees (°), wind direction is a measure of the direction (true direction) from which the wind is blowing.
Wind Speed: Measured in kilometres per hour (km/hr), wind speed is the instantaneous wind speed measured at a given interval.
* This Data Portal is designed to share what information we have collected through field research, instrumentation and long term studies on a variety of factors that affect the health and well-being of this ecosystem. By entering this site, you acknowledge that the data available is provisional in nature. LSRCA assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the information contained in this website. LSRCA will not be held liable to any user of this information, regardless of the purpose.


South Pole: How should the private sector step up climate action?
If the world is to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050, then we need to cut 30 billion tons of CO2 from our global carbon footprint by no later than 2030. Mission impossible? Not quite. But the private sector is struggling to read the poor price signal on GHG emissions and progress is slow.
In this report, called 'How should the private sector step up climate action?' we call on the private sector to scale up climate action: both avoiding and reducing greenhouse gas emissions within their operations and supply chains, as well as offsetting all remaining emissions, starting immediately.
Read the report here
Article and photo source: Press Release / Newsletter


best weather time santiago de compostela, climate camino santiago, galicia, how many degrees in the summer in spain, weather castilla leon, weather climatology way of saint james, weather in spain, wether galicia, When is the best time of the year to walk the Camino de Santiago?, when to do walk go camino santiago, which is the best month for the camino way of saint james santiago
Many people who are not familiar with the Spanish weather wonder what time would be the best to walk the Camino de Santiago.
The first thing you need to know is which part you will be walking, because Spain, even though is a “small” country, has many different variations on its climatology depending on the area.
Spain is quite known for being a hot country, but don’t get confused: The heat of the North doesn’t have anything to do with the heat in the South. During the summer, in the provinces of the South of Spain, the temperatures can rise over 40C degrees (even 50C in some specific areas!), but this is very rare in Galicia for example.
The interior areas are warmer than the coastal areas. Castilla y Leon might be quite hot during the months of July and August, so if you are not a heat lover, then, avoid this 2 months. Also, the summer time might be more packed with pilgrims doing the same route at this time.
In my opinion, as a Galician local, I would recommend:
– If walking the Camino along Navarra, La Rioja, Castilla y Leon: Do the Camino in the months of april, may, june or September, beginning of October.
– If we do only the last stage that includes only Galicia: I would recommend anytime in the spring or summer, unless you are really trying to avoid the heat, then avoid July and August like I have mentioned before.
You also need to know that, even though things are changing because of the global warming, Galicia is a rainy area, so we can’t promise you sunny days. It might rain a lot during the month of july and be really sunny in November. Weather is very unpredictable there, but the normal thing is around 25 to 30 degrees in July – August, 15 – 25 Celsius degrees in the months before and after July and August.
For those who decide to walk during the winter and fall, you will have to be prepared to face a lot of rain in Galicia, and probably some snow in castilla and all the interior areas of the North of Spain.


The weather this past 2 days has been really great! We could actually call it warm :-) Yesterday was windy s well as warm, so out snow really took a huge cut! Now I hear we're supposed to get more snow on the weekend.
It would be nice if this was the start of spring and the snow would be gone soon, but here in Newfoundland we know that just isn't so :-( We are sure to get lots more snow before it starts going away for good.
Anyway, sunny weather just makes me feel better!


Mexico City has a mild climate, with an average annual temperature of 16,6 °C. The temperature amplitude in the different seasons is pronounced: summer and spring are hot (average maximums 28ºC) and cold in winter, with minimum temperatures that can descend to 0ºC. The warmest month of the year is May (average max. 32ºC), when rains haven´t raised yet.
During April and May it is recommended to wear light clothes at day, and sweater or jacket at nights, and also to use umbrella due to the rain probabilities.


With wind gusts exceeding 45 miles per hour Sunday afternoon, power outages and potential damage may be expected locally.
According to LG&E’s Stormcenter, the Louisville gas and electric provider’s power outage interactive map, around 4,450 homes are without power heading into Sunday afternoon.
WHAS11 Meteorologist Reed Yadon reported that wind gusts were just at 46 mph at Muhammad Ali International Airport at Noon.
Although wind speeds are expected to slowly diminish over the course of the afternoon, still be advised to make necessary precautions. This kind of wind can bring down tree branches and send trash cans and patio furniture flying.
According to MetroSafe, a tree fell into the roadway in the 3900 block of Farmview Ave in Buechel Sunday morning.
On the roadways, high profile vehicles should be cautious while on the road. Even regular cars may be pushed a bit by a strong gust.
Wind gusts are expected to be strongest between around 1 a.m. to 7 p.m.
WHAS11 will continue to update potential damage and power outages.


Research to operations (R2O) is a carefully orchestrated prioritization and transition of promising scientific results or research byproducts that are developed in coordination with operational users for the intent of strengthening an organization or community pursuant to its mission. The degree of R2O effort depends on scale, scope, and importance, but an organization or community should continually leverage a R2O cycle to focus its activities.
Points of Emphasis
The Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the National Research Council summarized and furthered early concepts of R2O within the weather community in their 2000 report. This report focused on weather satellites and numerical weather prediction, and specifically discussed “crossing the valley of death” in transitioning R2O. In this context, the report listed five points of emphasis (abbreviated here) that underscore mutually beneficial R2O practices:
- A research program that understands operational requirements;
- Adequate resources, including continuous development of new observing, technological, and modeling capabilities, and sufficient plans;
- A sustained interface with users, promoting two-way feedback;
- Partnerships for international observations and data access; and
- Continuous assessments of weather prediction systems and components in light of the importance and risks of new and ongoing transitions.
“Skeletons in Death Valley”
Investments in applied research and development that largely fail to achieve operational implementation, or provide appreciable benefits to operational users, are considered transitions that are “skeletons in Death Valley”, according to the National Research Council’s 2000 report.
From Research to Operations in Weather Satellites and Numerical Weather Prediction: Crossing the Valley of Death, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 2000, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9948.html.
A bibliography on the subject of R2O is also available for reference.


Fire-hit areas receive desperately needed rain, as severe thunderstorms cause flooding in MelbourneUp to 50mm of rain has fallen across parts of New South Wales and Victoria, dampening bushfires even as dozens more continue to burn.Fire-hit regions of NSW’s Snowy Valley and south coast, and Victoria’s East Gippsland and north-east, received as much as 15mm of desperately needed rain on Wednesday and Thursday, while severe thunderstorms caused flooding in Melbourne. Continue reading…
Source link : https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jan/16/rain-brings-joy-to-farmers-in-nsw-and-victoria-and-dampens-some-bushfires-as-others-burn
Author : Naaman Zhou
Publish date : 2020-01-16 06:23:29
Copyright for syndicated content belongs to the linked Source.
- UNITED KINGDOM
- UNITED STATES


CNN News 最强飓风艾玛还在肆虐 又有两大风暴升级为飓风 20170912
As we produced today's edition of CNN 10, a category five hurricane was roaring over the Turks and Caicos islands and it had the Bahamas and the U.S. mainland directly in its projected path.
Hurricane Irma is a monstrous and deadly storm. Last night, it had 175 mile per hour winds. They had weakened a little bit since Irma first passed over islands in the Caribbean, but it remained the strongest classification of hurricane, capable of catastrophic damage like rip-off roofs, collapsed walls and so much destruction that entire communities could be left uninhabitable.
What happened in the Caribbean island nation of Antigua and Barbuda is an example. Barbuda's prime minister said 95 percent of the buildings there are damaged.
Hurricane Irma has killed several people throughout the Caribbean and several forecast models predicted that the storm would directly hit south Florida, possibly by Sunday.
Irma may also spin up the U.S. Atlantic coast to southeast Georgia and South Carolina.
Yesterday, Florida Governor Rick Scott reminded people that forecasters still weren't exactly sure what Irma would do, but that Floridians should be ready to evacuate regardless of what coast they live on. Mandatory evacuations were ordered for the Keys and some areas around Miami. Heavy evacuation, traffic and long lines for gas were common in the region.
The islands that have already been hit are keeping a watchful eye on another storm, Hurricane Jose. It was rolling west across the Atlantic last night. It could also hit Antigua and Barbuda.
And Hurricane Katia was spinning in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.


WEATHER & CLIMATE OF VIETNAM
Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, affected by tropical moonsoon.The climate of Vietnam varies considerably from region to region. Although the entire country lies in the tropics and subtropics, local conditions vary from frosty winters in the far northern hills to year-round, subequatorial warmth in the Mekong Delta.
Northern Vietnam (Hanoi, Ha Long Bay, Hai Phong) has two distinct seasons - hot and rainy summers and cool and dry winters. Summer: May - October. Average temperature 24 - 33º C It is hot and humid, especially inland, which is not touched by cool coastal breezes. Tropical rain showers and the occasional typhoon are also possibilities - light clothes and an umbrella are recommended. Winter: November - April. Average temperature 16 - 23º C It remains fairly dry up until late February/March.Best time to visit: During winter when rainfall is minimal and temperatures are comfortable.
, Da Nang
, Hoi An, Nha Trang
) coastal areas are more temperate than the sticky south (although they do experience high rainfall), while the Central Highlands (Da Lat
) are pleasantly cooler. Summer: May - October. Average temperature 23 - 24ºC Lowlands (Hue
, Da Nang
, Hoi An, Nha Trang
) The weather is warm and reasonably dry from May to September. The monsoon winds then change bringing above average rain during late September. This time is not very pleasant as it can rain constantly - there is a high probability of flooding, visibility is poor and typhoons are also a possibility. Winter: November - April. Average temperature 17 - 23º C Best time to visit: During the winter between February and April, when rainfall is low and temperatures are warm.
Highlands (Dalat) Temperatures can fall slightly below the average and rainfall is higher than at lower elevations. However, most rain tends to fall during the summer months when it can be very wet - although these summer months do provide a respite from the often intense heat of other areas. Light cotton clothes are required, although a few warm layers are necessary throughout the year as temperatures can drop away, especially at night. Waterproofs are also a good idea as rain can fall at anytime of the year.
Best time to visit: winter days are pleasantly warm and rainfall is lower from November to March - nights can be chilly. Southern Vietnam
(Ho Chi Minh
, Bin Thuen, Mekong Delta) is fairly consistently hot and humid all year round. Worth Carrying lightweight jumper as it can be chillingly cold inside air-conditioned buildings during summer.
Summer: May - November. Average temperature 24 - 31º C It is hot, humid and rainy but heavy downpours are usually short lived. Winter: December - April. Average temperature 22 - 33º C Remains hot and humid, although humidity levels are more bearable between December and February. During April and May the southwest monsoon winds bring rain showers to the Mekong Delta and southern Vietnam. Best time to visit: Temperatures are not as extreme from September to February as they can be during March and April when the heat is fierce.
So, Please take Charming Indochina Travel's advise as : The North The best time to visit the north of Vietnam is from September to December when it isn't so humid. The weather turns quite cold and wet in January and this continues until March. The humidity can prove oppressive from May to the start of September and there's a danger of flooding. The South December to April is the best time to visit the south of Vietnam. There are short downpours during the wet season from May to November but they tend to only last a short time so you can still enjoy a visit during these months (just go for lunch when you see the black clouds developing). The Mekong Delta can experience severe flooding during this period making travel very difficult. The Center December to March is a good time to visit the Central Highlands when conditions are usually dry and cool. We visited the region in late November when the weather was beautiful with fine, warm days and pleasant evenings. We had a few light showers as we headed north towards Hoi An. Along the central coast there is a rainy season from December to February. June to October tends to be very dry and hot. Conclusion If you're planning a trip to cover all of Vietnam the best time to visit is from September to December or from March to April.


Five Take-aways from the IPCC Report
Many of the effects of climate change like sea-level rise and glacier melt are now virtually irreversible, the latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has found.
The report by the IPCC, the climate science body of the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization, draws from the work of thousands of scientists from across the world to accurately assess and advise action for policy-makers and leaders.
The report released in August 2021 is grim – but there is still time to change. Here are five things you need to know from the report.
1. Human-activity is causing global warming
For the first time, the data is very specific and conclusive that humans are responsible for the warming of the planet. The IPCC has found that 1.07 ℃ of the 1.09 ℃ warming of the planet so far is due to greenhouse gases associated with human activities.
In other words, almost all global warming is due to humans.
2. CO2 levels are rising faster than ever
In the past two million years, global CO2 levels have never been higher than they are at present and about 85% of C02 emissions are from burning fossil fuels. The remaining 15 percent are generated from land-use change, such as deforestation and degradation.
3. Extreme weather will continue, as a result of human activity
Human influence has also been detected for the first time in compounded extreme events. Incidences of heatwaves and droughts happening at the same time are now more frequent across all continents.
4. Hotter, more acidic oceans
Oceans absorb 91% energy from the increased atmospheric greenhouse gases. This has led to ocean warming and marine heatwaves.
Marine heatwaves, that result in the death of marine species and imbalance in that ecosystem, will likely become four times more frequent by the end of the century.
5. Many changes are already irreversible
The IPCC report states that even if the Earth’s climate stabilizes soon, some climate change-induced damage is here to stay for centuries or even millennia. For example, global warming of 2℃ this century will lead to an average global sea-level rise of between two and six meters over 2,000 years.
While the report is a reason to worry, we must not panic. There is still hope… if we act collectively and immediately. It is up to policy makers, leaders – and us – to demand change and act to create it.
How can YOU act today? Plant trees – it’s the easiest way to take climate action.


This month activists all over the world have taken over city centres, demanding urgent action to halt climate change. They say we need to eliminate all carbon emissions by 2025. Most people think that’s impossible. But scientists are warning that if we want to stop global warming, we need to cut our CO2 emissions fast. So how soon can the planet achieve carbon zero?
Part 3 of this episode, titled, “Out of Africa” (starting at 11:22), does a great job discussing the issue of energy use and development and the challenges of who pays the cost of reducing carbon emissions.
From that section, “How do we tackle this monstrous problem of climate change without exacerbating the problem of global poverty and inequality?” Do developed nations have a responsibility to help subsidize the development of developing nations in order to make sure their development is “clean”?


On average January is San Francisco's coldest month, and about 4.5 inches of rain fall. Every night a blanket of fog flows through the city and then flows back out at some point the next morning (see below).
That's the average. Right now we're in the middle of the worst drought in decades, so last January temperatures were in the sixties and seventies, and less than an inch of rain fell.
You can probably expect this year to be more similar to last year than to the average, but be sure to pack for cold and rain anyway. No matter what the average looks like, it's entirely possible that a really cold, wet day will happen during the convention, so its best to be prepared.
San Francisco is notorious for its fog, so much so that "Karl the Fog" is a local favorite across many social media platforms - he has a Twitter handle, Facebook page, Instagram feed and LinkedIn page.
But don't get discouraged by Karl, there's actually "15 Reasons San Francisco's Fog is Actually Awesome." In fact, look at the best outside activities in San Francisco page for more suggestions.
Complete the form to the right and you will:


Good morning from a bright but cloudy Roda. We have almost total cloud cover, but the sun is making a valiant effort to break through. There is very little in the way of wind. The haziness is not too bad, with Albania quite visible and the Corfu hills fairly clear. Yesterday started off well, but clouded over to give a couple of brief showers in the afternoon, then it all cleared and we had a lovely warm evening. The temperature at 1.50am was a balmy 22oC!
Today's readings at 9.30am on 8th May are:- Temperature 23.6oC and humidity 63% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 26.6oC and the minimum 19.9oC, the maximum humidity was 69% and the minimum 54% The reported UV for today is 7 (Range 1- 11) Sun screen still required.
Good morning from a sunny Roda. We have blue skies with some high cloud together with a few white fluffy ones, there is a slight breeze and the haziness for the Corfu hills is not bad, but Albania is just a vague outline. Yesterday was a mixed day, we had a cloudy start and the sun burnt through that to give a lovely morning and early afternoon. The cloud then built up and we could feel that rain was due. In fact it rained in Sidari and up in the Corfu hills, and Theo from Theodorus told us that when he left Corfu Town there had been a heavy downpour with strong winds. Any way the rain avoid us and we had our usual lovely balmy evening with a nice sunset, it was 23oC at 11.30pm.
Today's readings at 9.30am on 9th June are:- Temperature 22.6oC and humidity 68% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 27.0oC and the minimum 20.4oC, the maximum humidity was 65% and the minimum46% The reported UV for today is 8 (Range 1- 11) so slap on that sun screen.
Good morning from a sunny Roda. We have blue skies, a few clouds, and a very gentle breeze. Albania, is almost lost in the haze, but the hills behind us are still visible. Yesterday started off well, but it got cloudier during the late afternoon and early evening, still giving us good hot sunny spells though. However by 9pm we had a thunder storm to the south of us, they don't usually happen there. So as we ate our dinner on the balcony we watched the lightening and heard the thunder rolling around the hills. We got no rain though, just the effects. It was nearly 24oC at 10.30pm.
Today's readings at 9.30am on 10th. June are:- Temperature 22.9oC and humidity 75% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 25.4oC and the minimum 19.8oC, the maximum humidity was 69% and the minimum 59% The reported UV for today is 8 (Range 1- 11) so slap on that sun screen.
Good morning from a sunny Roda. We have blue skies, a light breeze, and a little high cloud. I looks like it will be a glorious day. We have our usual haziness, so Albania and the Corfiot hills are indistinct. Yesterday, we had a sunny morning and afternoon, the day got increasingly cloudy by early evening, then we heard some very distant thunder and had an hour or so of very gentle rain. It was still 23oC at 11pm.
Today's readings at 9.45am on 11th June are:- Temperature 23.1oC and humidity 73% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 25.8oC and the minimum was 19.4oC, the maximum humidity was 75% and the minimum was 65%. The reported UV for today is 9, so that sun screen is most certainly needed.
Good morning from a sunny Roda. We have blue skies , a very gentle breeze, and nothing in the way of clouds. Albania has disappeared into the haze, and the hills behind us are quite indistinct. Yesterday was gorgeous all day, we had a lovely evening with a nice sunset and it stayed hot all day. The temperature in the shade at 5.30pm was 26oC, in full sun it was 36oC, at 10pm it was still 26oC, and the coolest it got at dawn this morning was 20.7oC.
Today's readings at 9.20am on 12th. June are:- Temperature 24.3oC and humidity 68% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 26.0oC and the minimum 19.1oC, the maximum humidity was 75% and the minimum 53% The reported UV for today is 8 (Range 1- 11), so don't forget the sun screen!
Good morning from a sunny Roda. We have clear blue skies, a gentle breeze and a heat haze. Albania is barely an outline and the hills behind us are very hazy and it appears to be thicker in the valleys. Yesterday was hot and sunny all day, and it stayed warm well into the night. At 6.30pm it was still 27oC in the shade but a hefty 37oC in full sun. At 10.40pm it was still 25oC so we had a hot and sticky night. Our daytime maximum temperatures are not quite reaching those forecast for the island, we always do seem to be a little cooler here, which is lovely now with the temperatures so high.
Today's readings at 9.00am on 13th June are:- Temperature 23.9oC and humidity 72% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 27oC and the minimum 20.7oC. the maximum humidity was 73% and the minimum 50% The reported UV for today is 9 (Range 1- 11) so sun screen essential!
Good morning from a sunny Roda. We have blue skies, a little high cloud and a gentle breeze off the sea. Albania is just an outline across the sea and our hills are hazy. Yesterday was hot and sunny all day, some clouds did appear over Albania, and we had some faint high ones, but nothing obstructed the sun. The temperatures held up all day, at 6pm it was still 27oC and in the sun it was 34oC, by 10pm it was still a balmy 26oC. The lack of cloud meant the sunset wasn't that great.
Today's readings at 9.40am on 14th. June are:- Temperature 24.4oC and humidity 63% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 27.1oC and the minimum 20.4oC, the maximum humidity was 74% and the minimum 54% The forecast UV for today is 8 (Range 1- 11) so slap on that sun screen, we are seeing a lot of too pink skin walking around. If you are going out for an early dinner please reapply the sun screen as the sun is still very hot. Just as a note I was checking something yesterday and the UV range for the UK is 1- 7 ! So please do take care.
Good morning from a sunny Roda. We have blue skies and some high cloud that isn't getting in the way. There is the usual haziness and we have a very slight breeze. Yesterday was hot and sunny but the clouds formed in late afternoon to hide the sun. Fortunately they disappeared to give us a lovely warm evening. It was 28oC at 5pm, and 33oC in full sun, later onit was 29oC at 9pm and a balmy 24oC at 11pm.
Today's readings at 9.15am on 15th June are:- Temperature 24.0oC and humidity 58% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 29.6oC and the minimum 19.0oC, the maximum humidity was 68% and the minimum 48% The reported UV for today is 8 (Range 1- 11) so slap on that sun screen.
Good morning from a sunny, and breezy Roda. We have some clouds and the usual haziness, so Albania is just an outline and our hills are less clear. Yesterday was a lovely hot sunny day, but the humidity made it seem much warmer as it was very close. It was a mere 28.4oC in the shade but the temperature in full sun was a hefty 41oC! The heat continued into the night, it was 29oC at 10pm, 27oC at 11pm and still over 25oC at midnight.
Today's readings at 9.30am on 17th June are:- Temperature 25.4oC and humidity 66% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 28.4oC and the minimum 20.4oC, the maximum humidity was 74% and the minimum 42% The reported UV for today is 8 (Range 1- 11), therefore sun screen essential.
Good morning from a windy Roda. We have blue skies, quite a lot of cloud and the usual hint of Albania across the sea. There are low grey clouds over the Corfu hills behind us. Yesterday started off nice, but the clouds built up in the afternoon. For a short while the breeze died down, but then, around late afternoon, we started to get low rumbles of far off thunder, the wind suddenly sprang up and we had some heavy drops of rain. The shower didn't last very long, then the skies cleared to give us a cooler, breezy evening. At 11.30pm it was 22oC as opposed to 27oC the previous night.
The readings for today 18th. June at 9.00am are:- Temperature 22.2oC and humidity 73% Yesterday's maximum temperature was 28.4oC and the minimum 20.9oC, the maximum humdity was 71% and the minimum 53% The reported UV for today is 7 (Range 1- 11) Sunscreen still required remember the UV range for UK is 1- 7
Our weather girl is heading back to the UK today to see if the temperatures in England, Wales and Scotland really are so low! For the next couple of weeks it’s down to me. It’s a bright, but slightly cooler start to the day with just a couple of clouds bubbling up over the Albanian mainland. Yesterday was quite humid but a good breeze picked up and kept things under control, blowing any humidity further south. It was 23°C at 10:30pm .. much the same as the night before.
The readings for today 19th June, at 10.00am are:- Temperature 23.4°C and humidity 66%.
Yesterday's maximum temperature was lower at 23.9°C and the minimum 21.1°C, the maximum humidity was 75% and the minimum 62%.
The reported UV for today is 8 (Range 1- 11) This is ‘High’, bordering on ‘Very High’ so you are recommended to wear SPF 30+ sunscreen, a shirt, sunglasses, and a wide-brimmed hat. Do not stay in the sun for too long and remember the UV range for UK is 1- 7.
Today has started as the perfect day, with just a light breeze on the coast, temperatures in the low twenties, and Albania little more than a smudge on an artist’s canvas. Yesterday was warm and comfortable - no extremes of anything and all in all, a chilling-out sort of day. Even the sunset was uninterrupted by any amount of cloud, causing the sky to move peacefully from blue to yellow to orange to pink - very relaxing!
The readings for today, Saturday 20th June, at 9.00am are:- Temperature 22.3°C with humidity 71% and rising.
Yesterday's maximum temperature was lower at 24.2°C and the minimum overnight was 19.4°C, the maximum humidity was 75% and the minimum 54%.
With the very light north-easterly winds and high humidity, it should be a glorious day in Roda today, feeling a little warmer than is forecast, but the UV is still high at 8, a product of the time of year and atmospheric conditions - please be careful!
janiemou: Are you surviving the rain Kaz?
Jun 12, 2019 16:35:23 GMT 2
kaz: Just about janiemou..its raining now,,grey skies and windy its " s'windy, loved your pics of the sea....not been up on the sea wall since accident, maybe soon,getting around I bit better now............rain just stopped!! strange weather?? take care xx .
Jun 13, 2019 10:30:37 GMT 2
kaz: Hope you are both well Jan & Steve and enjoying the Roda sun!!!....the days here have been dry but humid,phew..........not able to get to Roda again this year ( I miss it so much) never mind, one day..take care, love Kaz & Rosie xxx
Jul 15, 2019 16:43:37 GMT 2
janiemou: Hi Kaz,I had pretty good weather when on quick trip back to the UK, not been so good since I have been back. Hopefully it will be better tomorrow.
Jul 16, 2019 14:36:06 GMT 2
kaz: Hi Janiemou.........as you may have heard, we had a Heat Wave for two days here.....my was it hot?? shouldn't complain though only it hasn't stopped raining to-day...we can't win can we?? Hope you and Steve are keeping well and still enjoying life.........
Jul 27, 2019 16:04:20 GMT 2
kaz: Not able to make Roda again this year.....family holidays in progress!!!So it will be just me n Rosie up on the sea wall!!! take care..love Kaz xx
Jul 27, 2019 16:07:29 GMT 2
janiemou: Oh Kaz, we will miss you, as will Roda.
Jul 27, 2019 17:37:57 GMT 2
kaz: I will miss you to...............one day a?
Aug 3, 2019 13:00:50 GMT 2
kaz: Nice cooling rain here in Kent after 2days of sweltering SUN...shouldn't complain though should I.....I have friends on their way to Roda at the wkend staying at the Afroditi, I expect you will know them..........just wish I could be there with them. Enjoy
Aug 28, 2019 20:34:49 GMT 2
kaz: Just got on my 'puter..thanks for missing me!!...I am there in spirit (always)just wish my BODY was !!!never mind, next year with luck ( before I have to use a walking frame!!!)glad the weather is good for you all....hold on, just want to wipe the tears
Sept 11, 2019 19:50:02 GMT 2
kaz: Now my puter is playing up.......I cant win
Sept 11, 2019 19:53:37 GMT 2
kaz: Hope Forum meetings are going well?? I miss them too xxxx
Sept 11, 2019 20:01:03 GMT 2
kaz: Weather in Kent is very hot...........still not as nice as being in Roda!!!
Sept 17, 2019 16:19:06 GMT 2


Improved soil moisture levels in Western Australia (WA) combined with advancing oat plantings have pushed WA oat prices to below the four-year average (see chart below).
Prices paid to growers have fallen to AUD$267 PMT delivered port. This is below the average of $279 PMT and well below last year’s $382 PMT. Prices have tumbled nearly $175 PMT from the 2019/20 highs.
Expectations of a 15% increase in WA oat area (10 year high) is likely sharp rebound in oat production in 2020 if follow up rains materialize.
Australia weather in major oat regions during the weekend was relatively tranquil with little to no rain and mild temperatures. Frost and freezes occurred in the southeast part of the nation, but that is not unusual for this time of year.
Australia rain potentials will slowly increase starting in the west late this week and advancing eastward through the weekend. Amounts will be light varying from 0.05 to 0.40 inch. There is potential for greater rainfall in northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland oat regions during the weekend with some totals over 1.00 inch possible. Rain next week is not likely to be very significant with only a few showers expected.
Winter crops, including oats, will benefit from the coming week of rain, but amounts will be a little light and there will be need for additional moisture.
Dry EU/UK oat regions reported rain over the weekend, bringing “some” relief to dry oat regions, but the precipitation and that which is still forthcoming maybe a little too light for a huge improvement in oat crop and field conditions (see map pg. 2).
This is not good news for dry UK oat regions. Nevertheless, any moisture would be better than none, and crops will respond positively to whatever rain impacts the region.
Canada’s Prairie oat regions received rain during the weekend, and more is expected early this week. This is good news for dry central and eastern regions but further delays for oat seeding in Alberta (see map below).
Rain through dawn Sunday was greatest from central and eastern Alberta through western and some central Saskatchewan locations as well as a few south-central Manitoba locations. Rainfall in each of these areas ranged from 0.50 to 1.50 inches. A few unofficial rain totals to more than 4.00 inches were noted in west-central Saskatchewan.
Rainfall was less than 0.50 inch in south-central areas through all of eastern Saskatchewan and in parts of western and northern Manitoba as well as far western Alberta
Additional rain today and Monday will vary from 0.30 to 1.00 inches in Alberta, northern and some eastern Saskatchewan locations and northwestern and far southeastern Manitoba locations. Local totals will vary up to 1.50 inches. Overall, for the storm system this week much of Canada’s Prairies oat region will have received some beneficial rain and only a few areas will have an ongoing need for more rain. The interior southeastern Prairies have a need for more rain soon.


4 edition of Air quality impacts of intercity freight found in the catalog.
Air quality impacts of intercity freight
|Statement||prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc., with Jack Faucett Associates, Inc. and Sierra Research ; prepared for Federal Highway Administration and Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, and Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.|
|Contributions||Cambridge Systematics., Jack Faucett Associates., Sierra Research (Firm), United States. Dept. of Transportation.|
|The Physical Object|
Diesel emissions from freight transportation activities are a key threat to public health. This study examined the air quality and public health impacts of projected freight-related emissions in over the continental United : Shuai Pan, Anirban Roy, Yunsoo Choi, ShiQuan Sun, H. Oliver Gao. Environmental Impact Assessment Report: 4. AIR QUALITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Introduction. This section presents an assessment of air quality impacts associated with the construction (qualitative) and operation (quantitative) of the recreational and residential development proposed at Whitehead and Lee On area (the Project).
Air Quality Impacts of IVHS: An Initial Review IVHS/RTI Institutional and Environmental Issues: A Policy Research and Outreach Agenda for United States Household Decision Behavior and Demand for Limited Range Vehicles: Results of PIREG, a Diary Based, Interview Game for Evaluation of . The impacts of climate change include warming temperatures, changes in precipitation, increases in the frequency or intensity of some extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. These impacts threaten our health by affecting the food we eat, the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the weather we experience. Top of Page.
freight activity and air quality impacts in selected north american free trade agreement trade corridors The current and future air quality effects that result from the development of North American trade and transportation corridors are examined, and strategies to mitigate these impacts are by: 1. And when it comes to internal air quality, we are becoming increasingly aware of the invisible toxins emanated from furniture, paint and cleaning products. “I’ve been working on this topic for 15 years,” says Wallis. “At first nobody knew what we were talking about or why it mattered, but now internal air quality is a number one concern.
Metabolism and physiological significance of lipids
Civil registration in the perspective of Islamic law
Nothing and everything
THE HOLLOW YEARS
2nd European Nonlinear Oscillations Conference
Inkjet technology and product development strategies
More notable Nebraskans
Annual chronicle 1900-1991.
Strained polycarbonate-polyurethanes with linear and branched diisocyanates
American nativism, 1830-1860
Snacks n Stuff
Geology and mineral resources of Garfield County, Utah
Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Hungarian Peoples Republic on co-operation in the field of medicine and public health, Budapest, 1 November, 1978 ...
COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.
Unfortunately, this book can't be printed from the OpenBook. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a PDF. Visit to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF.
Below is the uncorrected machine-read text. Changes in the climate affect the air we breathe, both indoors and outdoors. Taken together, changes in the climate affect air quality through three pathways—via outdoor air pollution, aeroallergens, and indoor air changing climate has modified weather patterns, which in turn have influenced the levels and location of outdoor air pollutants such as ground-level ozone (O 3.
Advantages - The freight air quality analysis methodology provides a good framework for analyzing freight projects. The framework is geared toward helping to understand the range of potential impacts of a transportation improvement affecting freight movement.
The report also includes some useful data and sample calculations. Freight Movement & Air Quality and many other studies have examined the air quality impacts of freight transportation for a single mode. A smaller number of studies have compared fuel efficiency or emissions across two or more freight modes in an intercity context, but very few studies have examined freight transportation and emissions.
REDUCING THE AIR QUALITY IMPACT OF INTERCITY TRUCKING. This paper develops a projection for growth in U.S. intercity trucking over the period and compares two alternatives for reducing the air quality impact from this trucking volume beyond the policies currently set in place by : F Vanek.
Assessing the Effects of Freight Movement on Air Quality at the National and Regional Level April by railroads at 15 percent of NOx and 12 percent of PM Air freight accounts for only to percent of total freight emissions of NOx and PM, respectively. Table ES U.S. Freight Transportation NOx and PM Emissions by Mode, Freight transportation is a large contributor to air pollution.
Air pollution emitted from transportation contributes to smog, and to poor air quality, which has negative impacts on the health and welfare of. of Air Quality Impacts of Transportation Projects and Policies Impact Type Tempor al Dimens ion Spatial Dimension Air Qual ity Econ.
Dev. La nd Us e Soci al Etc. Along ROW Along Corridor Loc al Regio nal Nation al Glob al Short-term Long-Medium-term termFile Size: KB. Chapter 8 | Cumulative Air Quality Impacts Page | Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District CEQA Guide DecemberRevised JuneNovemberJuneJuneJuly b.
If yes, proceed to step 5. 5) If PM 10 and PM File Size: KB. All final infrastructure improvements will be evaluated for impact to noise and vibration, air quality, wetlands, water resources, biological resources, cultural resources, and others.
A meeting will be held with agencies, municipal leaders, and state legislators to. Their results show the average air-pollution costs for rural and urban areas to be $ and $, respectively, per truckload per kilometer for intercity freight transportation.
1 The European Commission has sponsored a series of studies related to the estimation of the transport air-pollution external cost [17,29,31,32]. Section Background on Freight-Related Air Quality provides an introduction to the nature of freight-related pollutants and associated air quality impacts, the sources of emissions by freight mode, and the conditions, laws, and regulations that govern air quality and can.
Intercity transport is the forgotten step child of transportation behavioural research; so many important questions, such as how important are the various attributes of transfer quality in a.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FREIGHT Executive summary This review of the environmental effects of freight is structured by transport mode, addressing shipping, air cargo, trucking, rail, pipelines and intermodal terminals.
It begins with a brief overview of the major environmental media or mechanisms through which transport can affect the File Size: KB. Foreword v Introduction 1 Air pollution as a public health issue 1 The contribution of transport to urban air pollution 2 The link between emissions, contributions and health impacts 4.
Vehicle emission inventory forms a critical element for the air pollution studies. The methodology for capturing intercity freight fleet operations is already available.
Air quality impacts of intercity freight. Volume 2: appendices. Published Date: Language: English [PDF MB] Viewer; Details; Supporting Files; Related Documents economic and air quality relationships, and to provide some helpful tools for identifying and testing improvement strategies.
The focus of the report is on truck. Southern California National Freight Gateway Collaboration. Febru Freight Transportation: Air Quality Impacts and Opportunities.
Peter Greenwald, Sr. Policy Advisor South Coast Air Quality Management District. Cynthia Marvin. Assistant Division Chief, Stationary Source Division. California Air Resources Board. Air quality impacts of intercity freight. Volume 1: guidebook. Published Date: Language: English [PDF MB] Viewer; Details; Supporting Files; Related Documents economic and air quality relationships, and to provide some helpful tools for identifying and testing improvement strategies.
The focus of the report is on truck and. Quickly Track and Trace a Shipment. There is no login or password required.
All you need is your Quality Air Forwarding Air bill number or your Shipper/Consignee reference number. Go to Quick Track. World-Trak Account Management: Quality Air Forwarding, Inc. is very proud to offer a FREE, value added account management software called World-Trak.Chapter System-Plan Environmental Evaluation Table of Contents some of the potential negative air quality impacts.
In response to concerns about train idling and into the air annually if 10 percent of intercity freight now moving by highway were shifted to rail.
5.With a quality air freight company, you can get your goods by the next day, overnight, or later the same day, depending on your price range and needs.
Expand Effortlessly - If you want to expand your distribution or supplier network to encompass larger areas of the country, quality air freight services let you do so without skipping a beat.


The Weather Forecast app is a global weather service that provides hourly and daily weather forecasts for over 199 countries and 200,000+ cities. It is a free weather app that offers all the features you need to keep up-to-date with the weather, including local weather, up to 120-hour weather forecasts, up to 40-day weather forecasts, minute-level rainfall forecasts, various types of weather radars, timely weather alerts, a beautiful and convenient weather widget, and a notification bar.
With the Weather Forecast app, you can easily receive weather conditions for your current location. You can also access detailed local weather forecasts and global weather forecasts, including current temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit, sunrise and sunset times based on the city time zone, weather conditions, atmospheric pressure, visibility distance, humidity, precipitation in different units, dew point, wind speed and direction, and probability of rain in 24 hours.
The app also provides air quality information to help you track your health. You can use its beautifully designed and functional weather widgets to get weather information at a glance. Plus, there are over a dozen different widgets to choose from.
The app sends local weather alerts to prepare you for upcoming hurricanes or severe weather, such as heavy rain, strong winds, and freezing rain. It also accurately notifies you of future weather warning information through notifications.
With its great weather radar and animated maps, the app provides real-time updates on GPS-enabled weather maps, including live radar, temperature radar, rain radar, wind radar, and atmospheric pressure radar. You can add multiple cities to the app to compare weather conditions in different cities, including New York, Washington, California, San Francisco, Texas, Georgia, Florida, Ottawa, Hawaii, Toronto, Dallas, Nashville, Kansas City, London, Rome, Madrid, Oslo, Paris, Nancy, Dijon, Brest, Marseille, Rennes, Reims, Chamonix, Lyon, Metz, Grenoble, Strasbourg, Berlin, Tokyo, Singapore, Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, and more.
The app is beautifully designed and intuitively displayed, and you can easily change unit settings such as temperature, precipitation, time format, wind speed, pressure, and visibility. You can also turn off notifications if you prefer. The Weather Forecast app is a free weather network that you can use to stay informed about the weather in your area and around the world.


Download Free wetter.com – Weather and Radar v2.29.2 [unlocked] Full Paid APP APK Android
Download More Apps
A weather station for your Android phone by wetter.com!
This app provides you with
– 7-day forecast
– Current weather
– Homescreen Widget (not possible if installed on SD card!!)
– Powerful search + GPS positioning
– Animated rain radar (Germany & Spain) and forecast
– Weather warnings (Germany)
– Editorial forecast (Germany, Austria, Switzerland)
– Weather Videos
– Live Weather Cameras
We have weather information for all over the world. But our home market is Germany. So the app is meant for german speaking countries and some of the information like the textual weather forecast or the weather warnings are only available in german!
Free Download wetter.com – Weather and Radar v2.29.2 [unlocked] Full Paid APP APK Android
APK FULL:wetter.com – Weather and Radar v2.29.2 [unlocked] Full Paid APP (2 downloads)


The Greer Chamber of Commerce made an exception feeling good about an all-day rain in GreerToday. The last day in July will be memorable in the relief the rains are bringing to the drought-stricken Upstate.
Cars parked a little bit closer to Trade Street businesses and restaurants today as steady rain drenched downtown. It just made for more requests for soup at downtown restaurants.
The steady, soaking rain began falling at 8:50 this morning and has continued through most of the day. As of 6 p.m. rainfall measured 2.7 inches at Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport at Greer, the upstate's official weather station. Flash floor warnings were posted until 8 p.m. tonigh.
It was a welcome relief from the drought-stricken greater Greer area.
The forecast calls for continued showers with a 65 percent through the rest of the day falling to 30 percent later this evening. There is only a 20 percent chance of a thunderstorm Wednesday with temperatures steadily climbing to 90 degrees through the mid-90s later in the week.
The lunch business in downtown Greer was brisk. Some high school football teams moved their practice times or worked out inside before lunch.


Here’s global warming in a nutshell: We live on this big blue marble, compliments of an equilibrium that has sustained life as we know it for many thousands of years. The chemical and biological processes that sustain that equilibrium, with the exception of solar energy, generally occur on or near the surface of the earth. You can go up from the surface of the earth, but you don’t really go down below the surface of the earth to any significant extent, in talking about what sustains that equilibrium. Sure, there are the occasional undersea geothermal vents, and the rare active volcano, but by and large what’s below the surface, especially far under it, isn’t really involved.
The problem is that we’ve gone down below the surface and brought back up a whole lot of carbon. Now, if we just left it in solid or liquid form, it wouldn’t affect the equilibrium. But we don’t leave it as a solid or a liquid – we burn it, and turn it into a gas (carbon dioxide). The result is that atmospheric concentrations have gone from something like 250 units per whatever to 400. At that point it does interfere with the equilibrium, and we’re not dealing with Republican laws or Democratic laws but with the laws of physics (which don’t care about party affiliation or economic interests). The laws of physics give us planet-wide heat retention from the new numbers.
Civilization is energy, and as long as we use energy derived from that subterranean carbon to support our civilization we’re going to keep increasing that number, A new equilibrium point will occur, but we may not like what we have then. It’s definitely global warning, not the more benign-sounding climate change, and we do need to do something about it.
The most sensible thing would be to stop using carbon-based fuels altogether – switch to solar, wind, geothermal, nuclear fission/fusion, or whatever. A sudden change would likely disrupt our current ‘civilization is energy’ situation. We’re switching from coal and oil to natural gas, keeping our carbon-based energy system, but that’s still subterranean non-equilibrium carbon being added to our equilibrium, and that’s not a long-term winner.
The article above offers biofuels as an alternative. Biofuels are renewable, and the carbon comes from what we’ve already added to the atmosphere/equilibrium. Since energy conversion isn’t 100%, in theory there would be some solid carbon left after burning the biofuels, which might gradually reduce atmospheric carbon (though very very slowly).
Are biofuels that pull carbon from the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere what we need to use as a bridge until non-carbon energy sources become available? The article above points out that there are issues that need to be addressed; will that rule biofuels out, or do we really have a choice?
[Want to get rich? Invent a way to pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere (a scrubber of some sort) that would fix the removed carbon in a solid or liquid that wouldn’t re-enter the atmosphere. (If only…)]
There are a lot of implications from all this. The increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere means that the atmosphere retains more energy – and our word for atmospheric energy is weather. That’s why we have a noticeable increase in extreme weather events. More severe storms, including tornadoes and hurricanes. More severe droughts, and more severe flooding. There’s a new normal coming weather-wise, and the predictions I read about this 25 years ago now come true in the news.
Add to that a world population heading from 7 billion now to 11 billion by the end of the century. If weather and heat trends continue as predicted, major areas could become either uninhabitable or unable to sustain large populations. If you think today’s migration issues (for reasons of war/conflict) are something, wait until you see what waves of climate refugees look like.
So, what should be do? Short-term? Long-term?


N.Y. Energy Sector GHGs Fall As Building, Transportation Sector Emissions Rise
January 18, 2022
by Peter Maloney
January 18, 2022
Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from the industrial and energy sectors have fallen in New York State, but transportation and building emissions have risen, according to a new report by the state’s Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC).
Overall, the 2021 Statewide GHG Emissions Report found that 2019 GHG emissions in the state were 6 percent below 1990 levels and 17 percent below 2005 levels.
The report was the first issued by the state and will be produced annually in compliance with the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) that commits the state to achieving net zero GHG emissions by 2050.
“This annual report shows that while New York State has reduced emissions from several sectors over the last three decades, emissions from some sectors, including transportation, have increased, revealing that enormous challenges remain in our ongoing work to meet our emission-reduction targets,” Basil Seggos, DEC commissioner and co-chair of the Climate Action Council, said in a statement.
The report found a 46 percent reduction in emissions from electric power generation since 1990 and a 34 percent reduction in industrial sector emissions. Emissions from the transportation and building sectors, however, both increased by 16 percent since 1990, although emissions from both sectors have declined since 2005.
The report also found that while carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions declined 15 percent from 1990 to 2019, hydrofluorocarbons and methane emissions increased during the same period.
In 2019, the report found statewide gross emissions were 379.43 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (mmt CO2e). Carbon dioxide and methane comprised the largest portion of emissions, or 58 percent and 35 percent, respectively.
Using the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, the energy sector was the largest source of emissions at 76 percent, primarily from fuel combustion and fugitive emissions from imported fossil fuels.
Using sectors that reflect the New York State Climate Action Council Draft Scoping Plan, the largest source of emissions in the state is buildings at 32 percent and transportation at 28 percent. In addition, about 8 percent of 2019 emissions were removed, primarily using CO2 sequestration in forests.
Those same guidelines showed a 46 percent decrease in electric sector emissions and a 34 percent decrease in industrial emissions that were offset by a 16 percent increases in both the buildings and transportation sectors. Emissions from the agricultural and waste sectors also increased.
Under Climate Action Council guidelines, emissions from energy fuels are assigned to the sector where the fuels are used such as transportation or electricity generation. Similarly, products that contain hydrofluorocarbons, such as air-conditioning equipment, were assigned to the transportation or buildings sectors.


Winter Storm Warning from Sat, 12pm until Sun, 7am EST
Locations: Central Middlesex County; Eastern Essex; Eastern Norfolk; Eastern Plymouth; Northern Bristol; Southeast Middlesex; Southern Bristol; Southern Plymouth; Southern Worcester; Suffolk; Western Essex; Western Norfolk; Western Plymouth
A developing Ocean storm will bring a Plowable Snow to much of southern New England this afternoon and tonight.
Low pressure developing over the Southeast states will move to the Carolina coast this afternoon. The storm will then rapidly intensify as it passes about 100 miles southeast of Cape Cod tonight, then into Nova Scotia Sunday. This storm will bring a large swath of 3 to 6 inches of snowfall to southern New England, with an area of 7 to 9 inches across portions of Rhode Island and eastern Massachusetts.
Winter Storm Warning remains in effect from noon today to 7 am EST Sunday.
Locations: Rhode Island, northeastern Connecticut and Eastern and south central Massachusetts.
Hazard types: Heavy snow.
Accumulations: snow accumulation of 4 to 8 inches.
Uncertainty, the rain snow line will track across coastal sections of Rhode Island and Southeast Massachusetts. Thus the highest snow accumulations will be away from the coastline.
Timing: snow begins early this afternoon with the heaviest snow falling from 5 pm to 1 am, then snow tapers off toward Sunrise Sunday.
Impacts: accumulating snow which may make driving difficult. Poor visibility at times.


The Rwanda Meteorological Department has announced strong winds ranging between 10 m/s and 13 m/s in some part of the country.
The districts include Eastern parts of Rubavu and Nyamasheke Districts, and Southern parts of Rutsiro District and many parts of Karongi district.
According to Mateo, moderate to strong winds ranging between 7 and 10 m/s are expected in the remaining parts of Western Province, in Nyamagabe, Nyaruguru, Kirehe and in many parts of Ruhango, Nyanza, Burera and Musanze Districts as well as in some parts of Ngoma.
“The Districts of Gatsibo, Muhanga and Gakenke District will receive modest winds ranging between 4 and 7 m/s,” the Met department said.
Residents in all the mentioned areas have been advised to be on the lookout for very strong winds in these locations.
The strong winds may blow off roofs, uproot trees and cause structural damages.
In addition, the Met announced that rainfall ranging between 10 and 15 mm is expected over Musanze and Rubavu Districts and in northern parts of Nyabihu District, while the areas around Nyamasheke, Rutsiro, Gakenke, and in the remaining parts of Nyabihu will receive rainfall ranging between 5 and 10 mm.
“Rainfall ranging between 5 and 10mm is expected in many parts of Nyamasheke, Rutsiro, Gakenke, in the remaining parts of Nyabihu, northern parts of Burera, Ngororero and Muhanga Districts and in parts of Nyungwe National Park located in Nyamagabe and Nyaruguru Districts. The remaining bigger part of the country is expected to record rainfall ranging between 0 and 5 mm as per the map below” the statement from met read.


In December 2000, The United Nations General Assembly declared September 16 as the Ozone Day. This day marked for the prevention of the ozone layer. Ozone day is celebrated on September 16 every year to prevent the ozone layer. The day designated in recognition of the date, in 1987 where nations signed the Montreal Protocol on substances that Deplete the Ozone layer. According to the UN General Assembly, the hole in the ozone layer was observed 30 years after the protocol was signed. The theme for this year is 32 years and Healing. We celebrate the Ozone day from 32 years and now it is healing slowly.
International Ozone Day 2019: Know The Importance
Ozone is helpful and harmful both for living beings on the planet. Near the ground, It acts as a harmful air-pollutants which can cause serious diseases like Asthama attacks and Heart diseases. But above the surface of the earth, it behaves as a shield of the earth. It protects the planet from many UV rays and harmful radiation from the Sun. The ozone layer is present in the stratosphere with 90% of the ozone in it.
Ozone protects the planet from the most harmful Ultra-violet light, UV-B and UV-C. these rays are very harmful for living beings. As a supporting agent, Oxygen also absorbs some wavelengths of it. together they make a perfect combination that protects the earth by absorbing 95 to 99.9% of Harmful rays. The stratosphere level of the earth is very heated by the ozone and oxygen that absorb rays and generate heat in return. That is why the layer is getting warmer day by day.
The Ozone hole is not a hole in reality as it is the thinning of the Ozone layer in the Stratospheric layer above the earth. British scientists at Halley Bay, Antartica discover that there is a major drop in the Ozone levels by 10%. At sometimes, the hole becomes larger day by day and the ozone level is also decreasing season by season.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on the occasion of World Ozone Day said- “As we rightly focus our energies on tackling climate change, we must be careful not to neglect the ozone layer and stay alert to the threat posed by the illegal use of ozone-depleting gases. The recent detection of emissions of one such gas, CFC-11, reminds us that we need continued monitoring and reporting systems, and improved regulations and enforcement. ”
On this occasion, the UN said to the citizens of the world that support the Kigali Amendment. It means, by letting the level of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), the world can avoid a major change of temperature by the end of the century. HCFs are harmful climate-warming gases. To protect the Ozone layer, show support to Kigali Amendment that came into force on January 1.


The Pacific Northwest heat wave that shattered temperature records in the western United States and Canada in late June would have been “virtually impossible” without human-caused climate change, and will become “a lot less rare” according to a report from the World Weather Attribution Group, a worldwide group of climate scientists.
Scientists from the US, Canada, the UK, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Switzerland collaborated to assess to what extent human-induced climate change made this heat wave hotter and more likely to occur.
Multiple cities in Oregon and Washington and the western provinces of Canada recorded temperatures far above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), including setting a new all-time Canadian temperature record of 49.6 degrees Celsius in the village of Lytton, British Columbia. Shortly after setting the record, Lytton, a town of 250 people with 1,000 more in nearby Indigenous reserves, was substantially destroyed in a wildfire, the report observed.
The report explains “The heatwave considered in this study is linked to a slow-moving strong high pressure system, sometimes called Omega-blocking or “heat dome,” which brings descending and thus warm and dry air, as well clear skies, further heating the near-surface air.
“Recent research suggests that climate change increases the chances for such stagnant high pressure systems in summer through weakening of the summer jet stream.
“An important feature of this extreme heatwave is that it occurred following a very dry spring over the Western U.S… Overall, it is difficult at this stage to assess the extent to which these factors either in isolation or combined provide a good explanation of why the observed temperatures were so much higher than anything ever recorded in this part of the world. Hence, more research is needed to understand the processes as well as potential influence of human-caused climate change on them.”
The human impact in a region largely unprepared for such an extreme heat event cannot be overstated. The report points out that “The exceptionally high temperatures led to spikes in sudden deaths, and sharp increases in hospital visits for heat-related illnesses and emergency calls. Heatwaves are one of the deadliest natural hazards … Currently available mortality estimates of at least several hundred additional deaths are almost certainly an underestimate. The full extent of the impact of this exceptional heat on population health will not be known for several months.”
Among the main findings in the report was the determination that “the occurrence of a heatwave with maximum daily temperatures as observed in the study area was virtually impossible without human-caused climate change.”
And even though it was a rare event, as warming continues, it will become a lot less rare.
The researchers' findings presented two likely scenarios that caused the extreme jump in peak temperatures.
First: “This is a very low probability event, even in the current climate which already includes about 1.2 degrees Celsius of global warming — the statistical equivalent of really bad luck, albeit aggravated by climate change.”
Second: “Nonlinear interactions in the climate have substantially increased the probability of such extreme heat, much beyond the gradual increase in heat extremes that has been observed up to now.”
The researchers warned that “We need to investigate the second possibility further, although we note the climate models do not show it.” This event would have been “at least 150 times rarer without human-induced climate change.”
Looking into a future with 2 degrees Celsius of global warming (0.8 degrees Celsius warmer than today, which at current emission levels would be reached as early as the 2040s), this event would have been one degree warmer. An event like this, currently estimated to occur only once every 1000 years, would occur roughly every 5 to 10 years in that future world with 2 degrees Celsius of global warming.
The researchers warned, “Based on this first rapid analysis, we cannot say whether this was a so-called “freak” event (with a return time on the order of 1 in 1000 years or more) that largely occurred by chance, or whether our changing climate altered conditions conducive to heatwaves in the Pacific Northwest, which would imply that “bad luck” played a smaller role and this type of event would be more frequent in our current climate.
“In either case, the future will be characterized by more frequent, more severe, and longer heatwaves, highlighting the importance of significantly reducing our greenhouse gas emissions to reduce the amount of additional warming.
“The latest heat-related death numbers are alarming, yet they are likely a severe undercount and the real toll will only become clear after mortality statistics are reviewed for the role of heat in exacerbating underlying conditions.”
The report concludes: “Our results provide a strong warning: our rapidly warming climate is bringing us into uncharted territory that has significant consequences for health, well-being, and livelihoods. Adaptation and mitigation are urgently needed to prepare societies for a very different future. Adaptation measures need to be much more ambitious and take account of the rising risk of heatwaves around the world, including surprises such as this unexpected extreme.”
While the federal and state governments tinker around with free market, capitalist “solutions” to climate change, such as the much-hyped Green New Deal, little to nothing has been done to prepare the infrastructure for the oncoming extreme heat waves that are already occurring and will become much more frequent in the very near future.
Extreme weather (both heat waves and deep freezes) affects millions of people and entire communities who are in most cases wholly unprepared to survive such recurring events.
Governments have not focused on preparing the infrastructure to help people survive, but rather, on “marketing new technologies” that enrich already massively wealthy corporations and individuals, such as Tesla, the maker of electric cars, which can only be purchased by an elite few.
Human-caused climate change could be re-named “Capitalist-Caused Climate Change,” a more apt description given the science as we now understand it. Massive multi-national oil companies such as Exxon-Mobil even admit they knew their industry would be causing an extreme global warming problem, as was widely reported in 2015, but covered up the information and kept pumping out fossil fuel filth anyway, harming people and the entire planet.


BRITISH CROWN COPYRIGHT, THE MET OFFICE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY BRITISH CROWN COPYRIGHT, THE MET OFFICE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Met Office communications. Met Office wireless operator listening to and typing coded information received on weather conditions in the Atlantic. The information is from US Ocean Stations, US ships stationed at fixed points in the Atlantic. This operator is at one of thirty receiving positions that are manned day and night to receive weather reports from all parts of the northern hemisphere. The Met Office is the UK's national weather monitoring and forecasting service. Weather ships were established during the Second World War, expanding into a global network that ended in 1985.
Model release not available. Property release not required.


As we all know, the ozone layer is an integral part of what sustains life on our planet. But we have, for several years, lived in ignorance and disregard of its value. If the ozone layer were to fail one day, we would all meet an unpleasant end from prolonged exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
It was not until 1974 that scientists began to truly understand and publish findings of suspected damage caused to the ozone layer from human activity. It was discovered that the emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated carbons from various industrial and commercial activities would reside in the atmosphere for decades or even centuries and cause the ozone layer to deteriorate significantly over time. This was not an ideal predicament for obvious reasons and preventive measures had to be taken at an international level.
The Vienna convention of 1985 was the first framework agreement towards conserving the ozone layer. It was soon followed by the Montreal Protocol Agreement in 1987 which mandated that all countries begin gradually phasing out the use of CFC’s. As it was agreed, developed countries were required to phase them out at a faster rate compared to developing countries. So far, scientists have categorized at least 96 ozone depleting substances that have widely been used.
There have been quite a few amendments made to the Montreal Protocol since it was signed into agreement. First came the London amendment in 1990 which required developed countries to cease all emissions of CFCs, halon, and carbon tetrachloride by the year 2000. This was followed by the Copenhagen amendment (1992), the Montreal amendment (1997), and the Beijing amendment (1999) all of which would make additions to the list of controlled substances that needed to be phased out whilst also assigning new target years for developed and developing nations to eliminate said substances from the economy.
The most recent amendment that was made to the Montreal Protocol was the Kigali amendment (2016). It focuses on controlling the production and consumption of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which were being adopted by various industries as they were moving away from ODS’s. As it turns out, HFCs are potent greenhouse gases and are also immensely harmful to the earth’s climate. The amendment was adopted by 197 countries that have committed to reducing consumption of HFC’s by around 80% within the next three decades.
But where does Sri Lanka stand in the global resolve to protect the ozone layer? Being categorized as a developing country, Sri Lanka gets a slightly lenient rate compared to developed countries in phasing out its dependency on those remaining ODS’s which are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). As per the Montreal Protocol, it is expected to reduce 35% of its consumption by 2020, 67.5% by 2025, and 100% by 2030. At present, Sri Lanka does not produce or export ODS’s including hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). It only consumes as many HCFCs as it imports.
Cabinet approval for the gradual phasing out of HCFCs was granted in 2013. As of today, Sri Lanka has managed to phase out 56 substances found to be hostile to the ozone layer.
That said however, it is certainly not all about government bills and U.N conferences. The greatest support towards protecting the ozone layer and the climate in general has always come from ordinary citizens. A small but invaluable contribution from each individual towards conserving the ozone layer would ultimately amount to a monumental positive shift in the current state of our atmosphere.
It all starts with little things like making sure the refrigerator or air-conditioning unit you buy does not emit ODS’s. When it comes to refrigeration units, the ideal non-ODS substitutes would be R 600A, R1234ze, NH3 (Ammonia), and CO2 (Carbon Dioxide); and with air conditioning units, they are R 290, R 32, R 1234yf, R 410A, and R 407C.
In addition to purchasing your devices carefully, you can further help by maintaining them well to prevent any leakage. You can also recover and recycle any refrigerants from devices that are about to be disposed of; you can do so by contacting the National Ozone Unit at 011 203 4222. Moreover, you can adopt a general policy of using eco-friendly products whenever possible.
We once thought that the ozone layer was just there floating above our heads and there was nothing we could do to afflict it. But we have since learned that we were wrong. We know now that our actions have had a significant impact on the state of the ozone layer and its capacity to sustain life on planet earth. Today would be as good a day as any to do something about it.
Cover: The ozone layer provides a protective shield from the sun’s intense ultraviolet radiation thereby making it possible for life on earth to flourish. Image credits: Geography and you


Steam Audits and Reducing CO2 Emissions
Companies are being urged to reduce CO2 emissions as a result of climate change. Burning natural gas in a boiler or furnace can emit large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane (CH4) and when burned in the presence of oxygen (O2) it produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O).
CH4 + 2(O2) => CO2 + 2(H2O)
Now both CO2 and H20 are greenhouse gases, but of the two, CO2 is non-condensing. Once CO2 is emitted into the higher atmosphere it stays there continually building up (unless more trees are planted) and contributing to the greenhouse effect. H20, on the other hand, condenses and “rains out” of the atmosphere when there is an excess of it – although the greater the earth’s temperature rises the more H2O it can hold (positive feedback).
Burning less gas in your boiler plant without making your steam and condensate system or process more efficient is usually ineffective, as current gas usage and equivalent CO2 output is directly linked to production. Evaluating the current steam and condensate system to identify areas for energy efficiency improvement can be done in-house or with a specialized steam audit. When using a third-party to perform the steam audit, an engineer would survey the steam system to identify efficiencies that may not have been readily apparent. Recommendations are made to either increase production capacity or reduce energy usage, which would then enable lower gas usage.
Reducing CO2 emissions can have a positive impact on the environment and can create a financial benefit. Government funding in the form of grants or tax offsets are offered in some regions as well to support efforts to reduce CO2 emissions.


Something happened last night that initially had folks in utter shock & awe. Reports from Las Vegas to Phoenix all confirm that something very bright blasted through the sky last night.
MyDesert.com reports that some described the UFO as a ball of fire. Most called it green, while others said it started as a small white dot before morphing into yellow then green. Whatever it was, it left observers absolutely star struck.
One San Dimas resident told the Desert Sun, “I have never seen anything this huge enter the earth’s atmosphere, nor have I ever witnessed one so bright and colorful that lasted for so long. It was at least four or five seconds!”
@kelliebrat61 tweeted, “First an #earthquake this morning and now a #meteor tonight. Riverside CA is hopping with activity today… Mama Nature getting her groove on!”
Los Angeles FAA spokesman Ian Gregor said the reports were not related to any aircraft activity. So the question is: What was it that ish? Meteorologist Curt Kaplan of the National Weather Service in Oxnard told The LA Times, “It’s probably just an isolated meteor that shot from the west to east.” Speculation exists that it may have been NASA’s UARS satellite, which is set to reenter the atmosphere sometime this month. Either that or just random space debris.
There’s been no reports on damage due to impact so the official word remains that a near-earth meteorite entered our atmosphere for a spell on Wednesday night. Naturally, there’s one other possibility that wasn’t discussed as the source of the mysterious light, but the notion of extraterrestrials in our stratosphere is sheer nonsense…right?
Glimpse the UFO for yourselves:


New weather station now online from Plainfield Public Safety Complex, 2013
Post date: Oct 8, 2016 7:55:00 PM
PVFA has installed a "Personal Weather Station" at the public safety complex. Note that due to the type of equipment installed and its location, this weather station is not rated for "Public Information purposes," and may not be available at all times. With that disclaimer, anyone curious about the readings from the weather station can see them at Weather Underground.


Tuesday, February 04, 2014
Winter Storm Warning Goes Into Effect Wednesday, 3 to 5 More Inches of Snow Expected
Just as one winter storm has ended, Long Island needs to get ready, and brace for another. A Winter Storm Warning will go into effect tonight at midnight, and stay active until 6 PM on Wednesday evening. Long Island can expect 3 to 5 more inches of snow on top of the wet, wintery mess that was left behind after Monday's snow storm.
Tuesday morning was filled with delays on the road, and at schools across Long Island, and it's likely that Wednesday morning will be somewhat similar to Monday and Tuesday - the additional snowfall is sure to bring along additional problems with it.


A very nice day. wind light 8 knots westerly. temp maximum 21c any clouds will have a base over 5000′ but may well stay blue. thermals 4 knots from 1000 to 1700, no sea breeze in the forecast. No rain in the forecast .
this weekend is changeable occasionally showery and just occasionally some good thermals Saturday light wind from south west may get to 8 knots but no more cloudy to begin with as what is left of an old cold front passes. there is just the possibility of a shower however this will be gone by lunchtime… Read more weekend weather
Wednesday will be a bright breezy day with possible showers late. wind 12-15 knots south west veering north west. temperature 22c cloud base 3000′. weak 2-3 knot thermals some cumulus cloud thickening as day goes on
I have returned from distant parts and hope for an improvement in the weather tomorrow. The wind will be a sprightly 15-20 knots from the north east. with the moist atmosphere and the wind coming of the sea, The cloud base may be a problem but if the temperature gets up to the forecast 15c… Read more Sunday weather
Bright sunny start, wind west, 5-8 knots. the thermals will start about 0930 3 knots . as the day goes on high cloud will herald the approach of a front that should bring rain in the evening. Outlook for Saturday, bright and breezy


The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published its first update on the physical science of climate change since 2013. Here we round up four key messages from the report.
- We are set to pass 1.5C warming by 2040
Under all emissions scenarios outlined, the earth’s surface warming is projected to reach 1.5C or 1.6C in the next two decades. That leaves a very narrow pathway to stabilising temperatures at 1.5C above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century, the most ambitious target of the Paris Agreement. The immediate, rapid, and large-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, that would limit warming to close to 1.5°C or even 2°C is believed to be beyond reach now.
- Human activity is driving extreme weather
The report shows that emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities are responsible for approximately 1.1°C of warming since the beginning of the century. There is “high confidence” that human activities are the main drivers of more frequent or intense heatwaves, glaciers melting, ocean warming, and acidification. “It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land,” the report concludes.
- We know more about regional climate impacts
Climate models have improved enabling scientists to understand what the impact of global climate change will look like in different parts of the world. Over the coming decades, climate changes will increase in all regions. For 1.5°C of global warming, there will be increasing heat waves, longer warm seasons, and shorter cold seasons. At 2°C of global warming, heat extremes would more often reach critical tolerance thresholds for agriculture and health.
- We are closer to irreversible tipping points
The report sounds the alarm about the possibility of irreversible changes to the climate., “The probability of low-likelihood, high impact outcomes increase with higher global warming levels,” the report notes. “Abrupt responses and tipping points of the climate system, such as strongly increased Antarctic ice sheet melt and forest dieback, cannot be ruled out.”
Michael Phelan, CEO and Co-founder of GridBeyond, commented:
“Severe weather is a major cause of disruption to electricity supply. Over recent years the dangers of extreme weather conditions and their impacts on electricity have been most recently demonstrated in the USA with Texas experiencing a severe cold weather in February, and northern states facing problems from heatwave this summer. In the UK, winter 2013-14 saw particularly cold storms which resulted in 750,000 households across the UK being affected by power disruptions.
“Predicted increases in temperature, precipitation, sea levels and storm surges are expected to increase the severity and frequency of natural hazard threats to critical energy infrastructure, including exposure to flooding, extreme temperatures, and subsidence. This may increase the risk of interruption to the electricity supply.
“Stabilising the climate will require strong, rapid, and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the solutions and technologies to advance decarbonisation and to tackle the climate emergency are already here. They exist and have proven to be effective, affordable, and reliable. Full decarbonisation of our economy needs to start with eliminating fossil fuels from our energy system, and that is only possible when the grid implements digitalisation to the point it can accept greater levels of renewable and decentralised generation and unlock greater flexibility.”
The IPCC’s assessment reports come in groups of three. This first one, published today, outlines the projected impacts of five emissions scenarios, which range from global net negative and net zero to emissions doubling by 2050 and 2100, compared to current levels. The second and third reports, due to be published next year, will look at how to adapt to these impacts.


How does humans' use of land contribute to climate change?
Is the livestock industry a bigger source of greenhouse gases than fossil fuels?
What is Biological Energy Carbon Capture and Storage and should it underpin climate change policy?
Nikki Jones, researcher/writer on global energy will be explaining the climate change impact of land use. She will describe the many ways that livestock production adds to our greenhouse gas emissions and how getting carbon back into the soil should be a priority for governments. There will be opportunities for questions throughout. Please book via Eventbrite.


Modest reductions in air pollution could prevent almost 8000 hospitalizations for heart failure and save hundreds of millions of healthcare dollars in the US alone, authors of a new study estimate.
Dr Anoop SV Shah and colleagues University of Edinburgh, Scotland combined data from 35 studies addressing the health effects of air pollution that included heart-failure end points. In all, data from 12 countries were included in their review, published online in the Lancet.
They found that of the common airborne pollutants, carbon monoxide was the most frequently studied and was associated with the largest increase in heart-failure hospitalizations or death, although all “gaseous and particulate air pollutants” with the exception of ozone were associated with increased HF hospitalization or HF mortality.
HF hospitalization or mortality was increased by 3.52% for every 1-ppm increase in carbon monoxide. For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, the corresponding increase in risk was 2.36% and 1.70%, respectively, for every 10-ppb increase. For every 10-µg/m3-increase in particulate matter, HF hospitalizations or mortality was increased by 2%.
Of note, hospitalizations and deaths from HF peaked at times when air quality was the worst, Shaw and colleagues observed.


How much greenhouse gas is a country, a canton, an economic sector or a business permitted to emit in the future if it wants to achieve net-zero emissions? EBP calculates remaining greenhouse gas budgets and corresponding reduction pathways.
If the internationally defined 2°C target is to be reached, only a limited amount of greenhouse gases may be emitted. EBP supports cantons, sectors and businesses to determine their remaining emissions budgets.
The Federal government and various cantons have set net-zero targets for 2050. To reach this goal, a so-called reduction pathway can be determined that shows how emissions may develop in the future. Based on models of future energy and climate policies, EBP calculates how emissions will develop until 2050 and what will be necessary to achieve net-zero targets.


Supermoon To Rise Over Dallas This Weekend
DALLAS, TX — Those looking for free entertainment in Dallas this weekend might be able to find it right in their own back yards. Starting at 5:51 p.m. on Sunday, Dec. 3, the last Supermoon of 2017 will take its place in the sky above the U.S.
The moon will be most visible during moonrise. Weather permitting, the spectacle will last until 8:07 a.m. Monday.
The last Supermoon of the year is sometimes referred to as the “Cold Moon,” but Dallasites need not worry about getting too cold. Sunday’s forecast calls for a high of 75 degrees and a low of 63 degrees. The only weather concern North Texans should have is clouds, as the forecast calls for partly cloudy skies and light rain.
It’s called a Supermoon because of its large appearance in the sky. Because the moon circles Earth in an oblong orbit, it gets closer to the blue planet at certain points in the year — sometimes more than 30,000 miles closer than regular. As a result, the moon will appear 14 percent larger and 30 percent brighter than usual.
Watch Now: Last Supermoon Of The Year This Weekend
Associated Press file photo — The super moon rises, Tuesday, Nov. 15, 2016, in Ascain, south western France. Monday’s supermoon, a phenomenon that happens when the moon makes a close pass at the earth, is the closest to earth since 1948.


Severe storms can occur anywhere in the Northern Territory. On average, each year severe storms are responsible for more damage, as measured by insurance costs, than tropical cyclones, earthquakes, floods or bushfires.
Go to the Bureau of Meteorology website for warnings about severe storms.
Severe storms can occur anywhere in the Territory and do so much more frequently than any other major natural hazard.
On average, each year severe storms cause more damage, as measured by insurance costs, than tropical cyclones, earthquakes, floods or bushfires.
How to reduce risks from storms to you and your property
To minimise the risk from storms to you and your property, you should:
- have an emergency kit on hand, including a battery-operated radio, waterproof torch and spare batteries
- keep a list of emergency numbers close by
- secure loose items in your garden
- clear your downpipes and guttering
- store poisons above ground level in case of flash floods.
During a storm, you should:
- stay inside and away from windows
- listen to your radio for storm updates
- if outdoors, find safe shelter
- do not shelter under trees or metal structures
- make sure your pets are safe.
After a storm you should:
- check your house for damage
- beware of fallen power lines
- check trees for damage and stability
- listen to your radio for further weather information
- check on your neighbours if it is safe to do so.
For further information about severe thunderstorms, go to the Bureau of Meteorology website.
Read more about what you should do after a cyclone or disaster.


It’s official Australia experienced its hottest and driest year ever in 2019, according to official data released by the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM).
The annual average temperature was 23.32C – which was 1.52C above the long-term average between 1961-1990.
Australia is also in the midst of one of the worst droughts on record, with new figures showing the average rainfall for last year was at its lowest ever – at just 277.63 millimetres.
The daytime temperature also hit record highs with 2019 seeing an average maximum of 30.69C – higher than the previous record in 2013 of 30.19C.
Several other records were smashed in Australia last year, including the record for the country’s hottest day ever, which was broken twice in December.
On December 18 the average maximum temperature in Australia rose to 41.9C, just one day after a record of 40.9C was achieved.
Prior to that, Australia’s hottest day was recorded on January 7, 2013 when temperatures reached 40.3 degrees
Individual states around the country also saw some of their hottest days within the last year.
In NSW, temperatures reached 1.95C above the long-term average – 0.27C higher than the previous record set in 2018.
Western Australia also beat its previous heat record set in 2013 by 0.58C, with temperatures 1.67C higher than average.
The data which is due to be released in a full report next week indicated that the country will expect to see these dry and hot temperatures carry on into the new year.
High temperatures have been blamed for a horror bushfire season which has resulted in 17 deaths and destroyed more than 1,400 homes.
More than 100 fires were still burning in New South Wales and Victoria which has seen more than 100,000 hectares destroyed.
BoM is not expected to provide an official statement until it releases its annual climate statement on January 9.