The weather in the northeast of the U.S. has been unusually cold for a few weeks now, and it’s interesting in a rugged survivor kind of way, since we’re actually cozy in our heated homes.
But nearby is Mount Washington, home of some of the severest weather recorded (it was there that the world record for wind speed, a 231-mph gust, was recorded in 1934). There’s a weather observation station at the summit, and it’s staffed year-round. Last week they almost broke their all-time low temperature record of -47°F (also recorded in 1934).
It turns out they have a blog up there: Observer’s Comments. Be sure to check out the picture of the interns outside in t-shirts at -30°F!


In the evening of March 25, 1948, a tornado roared through Tinker Air Force Base (AFB), Oklahoma, causing considerable damage, a few injuries, but no fatalities. However, the destruction could have been much worse. A few hours earlier, Air Force Captain Robert C. Miller and Major Ernest J. Fawbush correctly predicted that atmospheric conditions were ripe for tornadoes in the vicinity of Tinker AFB. The swirling funnel left $6 million dollars in damage, $4 million less than the first storm, which had occurred only five days earlier. The first tornado forecast was instrumental in advancing the nation's commitment to protecting the American public and military resources from the dangers caused by natural hazards. See more on the document "Historic Forecast".


The AQI is divided into six categories:
Each category corresponds to a different level of health concern. The six levels of health concern and what they mean are:
- "Good" AQI is 0 to 50. Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk.
- "Moderate" AQI is 51 to 100. Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollutants there may be a moderate health concern for a very small number of people. For example, people who are unusually sensitive to ozone may experience respiratory symptoms.
- "Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups" AQI is 101 to 150. Although general public is not likely to be affected at this AQI range, people with lung disease, older adults and children are at a greater risk from exposure to ozone, whereas persons with heart and lung disease, older adults and children are at greater risk from the presence of particles in the air.
- "Unhealthy" AQI is 151 to 200. Everyone may begin to experience some adverse health effects, and members of the sensitive groups may experience more serious effects.
- "Very Unhealthy" AQI is 201 to 300. This would trigger a health alert signifying that everyone may experience more serious health effects.
- "Hazardous" AQI greater than 300. This would trigger a health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected.
EPA has assigned a specific color to each AQI category to make it easier for people to understand quickly whether air pollution is reaching unhealthy levels in their communities. For example, the color orange means that conditions are "unhealthy for sensitive groups," while red means that conditions may be "unhealthy for everyone," and so on.


Here in Satun I’m experiencing two different weathers almost simultaneously. Burning hot and pouring rain. Usually the burning hot leads to the pouring rain, which I actually rather enjoy. The rain in Thailand is beautiful. I come from Seattle Washington where it rains everyday, at all hours of the day regardless of the season. But I’ve come to learn that in Seattle it doesn’t really rain. It drizzles.
Its different here. When the weather gets too hot, and the clouds gather dark and low, it begins with the series of lightning shows. Sometimes followed by thunder but not always. The lighting is always powerful and consistent for about 10-15 minutes.
The wind blows a little harder and the temperature cools considerably. And before you know it, water is pounding on the roof, and slipping through the creeks of the windows. The rain is not subtle, there is no drizzling here in Satun. It forces people off the roads and searching for shelter. It doesn’t last long. Possibly 30minutes to an hour.
But on some nights I get lucky. Some nights the lightning last longer, late into the night and it only begins to rain as we prepare for bed. On these nights the clouds release the gallons of water they’ve been holding in all day and the sound of rain drowns out the sounds of the crickets. Prehaps the rain lasts through the night. I’m never certain for when I awaken it always appeared to have just recently stopped.
Come morning time the sun is strong but the fog is thick and low. The land green and the view clear out as far as the eyes can see. Its mornings like this that make me regret that this trip will only be for a year. I take pictures and I snap shot away these moments into my memory ..


Environment Canada says there was no physical proof of a tornado touching down near Goderich on Monday night.
A system of severe storms bombarded the entire county and most parts of southern Ontario resulting in a tornado warning to be declared at around 10:15 p.m. on June 22.
However, meteorologist Geoff Coulson said based on what investigators found, evidence didn’t point towards a tornado but instead a burst of damaging winds.
“There is no real organized track of damage,” Coulson said.
According to Coulson, in the case of a tornado, the trail of damage tends to be fairly narrow and will be a few kilometres in length.
Const. Jamie Stanley of Huron County OPP said they received no calls regarding damage from Monday’s storm, while Central Huron Mayor Jim Ginn said the municipality’s emergency services and fire department received no calls.
Facebook and Twitter were abuzz with suggestions of a tornado on Monday morning.
One storm chaser named Dave Patrick posted a photo on the Ontario Tornado Watch Facebook page.
Coulson said while the image appears to contain a funnel-shaped object, they did not see any evidence it had made contact with the ground, which is needed to constitute an actual tornado.
Environment Canada is still gathering information on the storms.
Anyone who may have suffered damage to their homes or other property are asked to sent photos or information to email@example.com.
tap here to see other videos from our team.


DATA AND SERVICES
GMOS and QA/QC
The GMOS Data Quality Management (G-DQM) system was developed to quality check atmospheric mercury observations recorded by Tekran instrument. Row dataset of mercury are validated in near real-time and in compliance with the Standard Operational Procedures, specifically defined within the EU GMOS project.
The Mt. Curio station is part of the GAW regional network and therefore it focuses on surface observations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), water vapor (H2O) and ozone (O3). The Climatic-Environmental Observatory also measures several other trace gases and aerosol parameters whose records are available with high temporal monitoring frequency.
The Mt Curcio Observatory is part of I-AMICA infrastructure
- Cutting air pollution in Europe would prevent early deaths, improve productivity and curb climate change October 16, 2019Europe’s air is getting cleaner but persistent pollution, especially in cities, still damages people’s health and the economy. The European Environment Agency’s (EEA) new analysis on air quality shows that exposure to air pollution caused about 400,000 premature deaths in the European Union (EU) in 2016.Antti Pekka Kaartinen
- New challenges facing Europe’s waste water treatment plants present opportunities for improving sustainability October 9, 2019More investment is needed to make urban waste water treatment plants fit to meet the difficult challenges posed by the impacts of climate change, as well as the presence of antibiotics and other micro-pollutants in waste water, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) briefing published today.Cornelis Brand
- Europe's circular economy still in its infancy October 1, 2019Circular material use can minimise waste and resource extraction, improve resource efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to conserving biodiversity. However, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) report, published today, circular economy initiatives in Europe are still at an early stage and would benefit from more investments in upscaling promising innovations and in […]Antti Pekka Kaartinen
- Protecting Europe's land and soil resources is fundamental for a sustainable future September 30, 2019Land and soil underpin life on our planet. The way we currently use these vital and finite resources in Europe is not sustainable. Human activities — growing cities and infrastructure networks, intensive agriculture, pollutants and greenhouse gases released to the environment — transform Europe’s landscapes and exert increasing pressure on land and soil. The European […]Antti Pekka Kaartinen
- Gap between real-world and type-approval emissions undermines incentives for cleaner cars September 24, 2019Incentives to promote fuel-efficient cars have not always resulted in expected emission reductions, due to the growing gap between real-world and type approval emissions. However, according to a new European Environment Agency (EEA) briefing, incentives that boost the uptake of electric vehicles considerably reduce greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions.Antti Pekka Kaartinen


This carbon dioxide emission calculator will help you gain an approximate idea of how many tons of carbon dioxide some of your activities generate and how many trees it would take to offset those emissions!
Ready to find out?
Carbon calculator usage instructions
The calculator uses emissions factors which take account of all greenhouse gases (i.e. CO2, N2O, methane etc.) released by the activities, with the results presented in units of metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). In most cases that means the results will be slightly higher than if calculating CO2 only. The calculations of emissions from fuels are Scope 1, meaning the direct GHG emissions from the combustion of the fuels. The calculations do not include the Well to Tank (WTT) Scope 3 Emissions associated with extraction, refining, distribution, storage and retail of the fuels.
For electricity usage, emissions factors provided for free include both Generation and Transmission and Distribution (T&D) losses. The calculations do not, however, include the Well to Tank (WTT) Emissions associated with extraction, refining, distribution, storage of the fuels used in the power stations.
When calculation emissions for Wood in the calculators the emissions factors for Wood Pellets is used. The calculator also assumes domestic coal is used in both the Business and Household calculators.
if you are calculating your car travel emissions then enter the total distance you have travelled over the past 12 months.
There are so many benefits to planting trees! Let us help you today!


Dakar, the capital city of Senegal, is located on the Cape Verde Peninsula along the Atlantic coast of West Africa. It experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. In this comprehensive 1200-word description, we will explore the various aspects of Dakar’s climate, including its geographical features, temperature patterns, precipitation, seasonal variations, and the impact of climate change.
Geographical Features: According to andyeducation, Dakar is situated on a narrow peninsula that extends into the Atlantic Ocean, making it highly susceptible to the influence of the ocean. The city’s coastal location and proximity to the equator play a significant role in shaping its climate. Additionally, the nearby Sahara Desert and the Atlantic Ocean influence weather patterns, leading to a unique climate in Dakar.
Temperature Patterns: Dakar experiences warm temperatures throughout the year due to its tropical location. Here are some key features of Dakar’s temperature patterns:
- Hot Season (November to May): Dakar’s hot season extends from November to May, with the peak of heat occurring from March to May. During this period, daytime temperatures can soar to around 30-35°C (86-95°F) or even higher. The city is known for its intense heat during this season, which can be somewhat alleviated by the coastal breezes. Nighttime temperatures remain warm, typically ranging from 18-23°C (64-73°F).
- Cool Season (June to October): The cool season in Dakar occurs from June to October, with the most comfortable temperatures in July and August. During these months, daytime temperatures range from 25-30°C (77-86°F). Nighttime temperatures are cooler, ranging from 18-23°C (64-73°F). This season provides relief from the scorching heat of the hot season.
Precipitation Patterns: Dakar’s climate is characterized by a distinct wet season and a prolonged dry season. Here are some key points about precipitation patterns in Dakar:
- Wet Season (July to October): Dakar experiences its rainy season from July to October. During this period, moist air masses from the Atlantic Ocean bring much-needed rainfall to the region. Rainfall is sporadic and often occurs in the form of short, heavy downpours or thunderstorms. Total annual rainfall in Dakar ranges from approximately 300 to 600 millimeters (12 to 24 inches), with considerable variability from year to year.
- Dry Season (November to June): The dry season in Dakar lasts from November to June, making up the majority of the year. During this period, the city experiences minimal rainfall, if any. The dry season is characterized by sunny, clear skies and low humidity levels.
Seasonal Variations: Dakar’s climate is marked by clear seasonal variations due to the alternating wet and dry seasons. These variations have significant implications for daily life, agriculture, and the environment in the region:
- Wet Season: The rainy season is a critical time for agriculture in Dakar and the surrounding regions. It provides the necessary moisture for crops, including millet, sorghum, and peanuts, which are essential staples in Senegal. However, the sporadic nature of the rainfall can also lead to issues such as flooding in some low-lying areas.
- Dry Season: The dry season is characterized by a lack of rainfall and clear skies. It is a popular time for tourism, as the weather is pleasant, and the risk of rain is minimal. The dry conditions also make it an ideal time for outdoor activities and events.
Climate Change Impact: Like many other regions around the world, Dakar is not immune to the impacts of climate change. Rising global temperatures and changing weather patterns are affecting the city’s climate and environment. Some of the notable effects of climate change on Dakar’s climate include:
- Increased Temperatures: According to existingcountries, climate change has led to rising temperatures globally, which can exacerbate the heat already experienced during Dakar’s hot season. Extended heatwaves can pose health risks and increase energy demand for cooling.
- Changes in Rainfall Patterns: While Dakar’s rainfall is already variable, climate change can further alter rainfall patterns, potentially leading to more unpredictable and extreme weather events. Changes in rainfall can impact agriculture and water resources.
- Sea Level Rise: Dakar’s coastal location makes it vulnerable to sea-level rise, which can lead to coastal erosion and inundation of low-lying areas. This poses risks to both infrastructure and communities along the coast.
Adaptation Efforts: Senegal, including Dakar, has recognized the importance of adapting to the challenges posed by climate change. The country has taken several measures to address these issues:
- Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Senegal is investing in climate-resilient agricultural practices and technologies to ensure food security in the face of changing weather patterns. This includes promoting drought-resistant crop varieties and sustainable farming techniques.
- Coastal Protection: Efforts are being made to protect coastal areas from the effects of sea-level rise and erosion. This includes the construction of seawalls and the preservation of mangroves, which act as natural buffers against coastal erosion.
- Water Management: Senegal is implementing water management strategies to ensure the efficient use of freshwater resources. This includes the development of irrigation systems and improved water conservation practices.
- Renewable Energy: The country is exploring renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Conclusion: Dakar’s climate is characterized by its tropical savanna nature, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The city’s geographical location along the Atlantic coast, its proximity to the equator, and the influence of the Sahara Desert and the Atlantic Ocean all play a role in shaping its climate patterns. While Dakar’s climate provides the necessary conditions for agriculture and tourism, it is also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and sea-level rise. As Dakar and Senegal as a whole continue to adapt to these challenges, sustainable practices and climate-resilient infrastructure will be essential in ensuring the well-being of the population and the continued growth of the city.


Climate change, with its rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, it was thought once it was beneficial to plant life. The dioxide of carbon emitted by cars and factories has proven to be a valuable source of nutrients for the plants.
However, a condition that scientists once viewed as favourable for farmers, helping in the growth of certain crops, recently has been refuted. New discoveries confirm that rapid elevation of CO2 in the atmosphere, combined with other consequences of climate change, negatively affects the plants and their growth.
A study conducted in 2002 by Stanford University has led researchers to rethink the idea of global warming. The results suggest that the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, when combined with high temperatures and increased rainfall or the presence of nitrogen in the soil, prevents the growth of plants. Plants regulate the emissions of fossil fuels through the amount of CO2 in the air filtering. If it inhibits the growth of plants, we are losing natural regulators of the contamination.
Decrease of evaporation
Plants emit water pores in their leaves. As well as sweating cools the body, this perspiration cools the plant. High levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes plant pores to reduce size, diminishing the rate of water that is released. Ken Caldeira, of the Department of Global Ecology of the Carnegie Institute says that this phenomenon greatly affects the cooling by evaporation, and regulation of the temperature of the air.
Failure to the sprout
Not only the increase of carbon dioxide slows the growth of plants, but it also inhibits the ability of plants to sprout. In a study conducted at the University of California in 2007, the seeds exposed to high levels of CO2 failed to germinate. The lack of germination decreases the amount of available plant life, once again, directly hamper the process of natural filtration of our ecosystem.
The negative effects of carbon dioxide in plants starts a vicious cycle. Preventing the growth of the plant, reducing the potential evaporation and germination blocking capabilities, carbon dioxide wreaks havoc on plants and our land. As pollution increases and decreases the ability of the plants to thrive, our world continues to receive more heat. Many researchers believe that the elevated temperatures, together with the factors mentioned above, will lead us to a path of destruction.
Effects of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Carbon dioxide is essential for the survival of plants and animals. However, too much can cause the end of life on Earth. Not only plants and animals need to eat carbon dioxide, but also depend on it to keep warm, since it is an essential component in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that occurs naturally. Others are methane, nitrous oxide and water vapor. These gases will help keep the heat of the Earth to absorb the Sun’s energy and direct it to the Earth’s surface. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide generated an excess of greenhouse gases that trap heat extra. This extra heat causes the melting of ice sheets that raise sea levels and cause flooding.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a process called capture and storage of carbon. Carbon dioxide is stored in biomass and then released by the plant. In the majority of cases, the released amount is less than the amount consumed by the plant. Farms, pastures and forests are considered to be sources or sinks of carbon dioxide, according to the practices carried out in these lands. For example, the cows produce methane, but farm pasture captures the gas.
Carbon dioxide is essential for the survival of animals. The oxygen is transported through the body tissue during respiration and carbon dioxide is released. The gas protects the blood pH level. However, too much carbon dioxide can kill animals. If carbon dioxide is limited, the amount of oxygen reaching the body may decrease. Any increase or decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide that comes to the body can cause kidney failure or coma.
Fossil fuels such as coal, gas, oil, vehicles and large industrial power plants are the largest source of carbon dioxide. Production originates from various elements such as iron, steel, cement, natural gas, combustion of solid waste, lime, ammonia, limestone, crop field, anhydrous sodium carbonate, aluminum, petrochemicals, titanium and phosphoric acid. Carbon dioxide constitute 85 per cent of all emissions and is produced when you use natural gas, oil and coal. The major areas where these fuels are used include the production of electricity, transport, industry and commercial and residential buildings.


Be on the lookout for the northern lights tonight (July 28-29). You can even pair up your aurora-gazing with some late-night Delta Aquarid meteor watching . The shower is expected to reach maximum tomorrow morning after moonset when 10-15 meteors per hour could flash from a dark sky.
A high speed solar wind blowing from an open coronal hole in the sun’s atmosphere is presently stoking Earth’s upper atmosphere with an abundance of solar electrons and protons. Looking at the auroral oval map, the northern lights should be visible over Scandinavia tonight if twilight’s not too bright.
While there are no guarantees the activity will continue into the North American night, be on the watch. Any auroras we might get will be more obvious after moonset around 2 a.m. I’ll update later this evening if the lights show up over Duluth, Minn.
** UPDATE 11:30 p.m. (CDT): Pretty cloudy now here, so it’s difficult to tell if aurora is out. I’ve received one report of some faint ones. Auroral oval has shrunk since 10 p.m. and activity’s dropped off a little … for the moment.


Tom Brandon provides flood protection expertise after Hurricane Katrina
Ten years have passed since Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States.
Deemed one of the strongest storms to impact the coast during the last 100 years, Katrina made landfall with a Category-3 rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, bringing with it sustained winds of 100-140 miles per hour, a span of some 400 miles, and massive flooding over 80 percent of New Orleans.
The aftermath was catastrophic. Read more…


Severe Weather Update
An unusually strong low pressure and wickedly fast jet stream combine to bring the likelihood of severe weather to the Ohio & Tennessee Valley today and tonight. While a large portion of the day will be calm, be on the lookout because when storms develop, they will quickly intensify.
The greatest chance for severe storms should fire up later this afternoon into the evening. As these storms move south they should kick out the highest instability as they go. Locations not impacted by these storms will maintain high levels of instability keeping the risk for severe storms going.
Severe storms remain possible even after sunset.
One of the ingredients fueling the storms are the extreme levels of moisture. The dew points will surge into the mid-70s today!


Green House Effect Images | Global Warming Essay in English
Earth is the third planet of the Solar System which revolves around the sun. It is the one and only one planet in our Solar System having a vast diversity of life. Due to its relatively stable temperature, it is unique and creates favorable conditions to live on.
The various security layers of air surrounding the earth from all sides are call
its Atmosphere and it is a mixture of many gases. The umbrella protects us from
rain and rays of the sun. In the same way, the atmosphere of our planet earth
also saves living organisms from the harmful radiation of the Sun.
Green House Effect Images
The stable temperature of our planet earth is gradually rising every passing year. Oceans are getting warmer,
significant changes in the climate are seen, glaciers are melting, and much more. Earth constantly receives
an enormous amount of radiation from the Sun on its surface in the form of light and heat energy which
includes harmful radiation too. However, due to the presence of a security layer in the form of the atmosphere,
radiation of the ray of visible light of the Sun along with Ultraviolet and Infrared ray has to pass through
it before it reaches the surface of the earth. The Ozone layer of the atmosphere blocks Ultraviolet
Rays to some extent from reaching the earth’s surface.
Some amount of ray is absorb by the earth’s surface and some, especially the Infrar Rays are sent back to space. The presence of various gases in the atmosphere traps this heat radiation and reemits it to the surface results in heating up of the environment. This incoming and outgoing radiation of the rays of the sun that warms the earth is called the Green House Effect and the gases involved in this process are call Green House Gases. The GreenHouse mainly includes Carbon dioxide, Methane, Water Vapour, ChloroFluoro Carbon, etc.
The Greenhouse Effect is similar to a GreenHouse made of glass in which plants that require protection from cold weather are kept. The glass cover allows incoming heat energy and not outgoing energy and accordingly, it keeps the inside environment warm. This is why the atmosphere acts as glass and traps the heat of the Sun. So, we can say that the Green House Effect is of great importance because it keeps our planet warm. In the absence of the Green House Effect, the temperature of the earth’s surface would be –40℃ or even less, and the existence of the life of the living organism is not possible.
There is a limit to everything and too much of it may be harmful or dangerous for us. If the plants in the Green House receive excess heat then it would burn. The same is applicable to our planet earth too. For the last so many decades, human activities in the name of development have changed the atmosphere of the earth in a dramatic way. The continuous increase in the amount of Green House gases trap too much heat, results in Global Warming and an increase in the earth’s average temperature.
The effect of Global Warming is not limit to one particular area or a country but it would affect the entire planet. The existence of Global Warming is now familiar to all of us. Human-made Carbon dioxide emission is a major reason for it. Now, many nation of the world together to sign an International Treaty called the Kyoto Protocol whose objective was to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions by an average of 5% against 1990 level.
The Citizens of the world can also contribute to reducing Global Warming in the following
- Planting more and more number of trees.
- Reduction in waste generation
- Minimizing the use of products that generate Greenhouse Gases.
- Energy-efficient appliances should be use.
- The fuel efficiency of vehicles needs to be increase.
- Renewable energy needs to be use more and more.


By Jim Amos | Box Office Insider May 14, 2014 at 11:15AM
As we are all aware there's nothing like a good, soaking rainstorm to kill outdoor plans and drive potential moviegoers scurrying to their local multiplex. Such is the case this week as a huge rain event, as Meteorologists now label rainstorms, moves through the Mid-Atlantic and into New England this coming weekend. The storm, which has the potential of 2-4 inches of rain, moves into the I-95 Corridor on Friday, dumping rain on Washington,DC, Baltimore, Philadelphia and the Greater New York area, continuing into Saturday, which is when the storm moves into New England as well. For that reason we are predicting stronger than expected numbers for Friday and Saturday in the Mid-Atlantic and New England, which I will figure into the Projected Top 10 when it appears on Box Office Insider Friday morning.


The other greenhouse gases you don’t think about
During the United Nations climate change meeting in Durban last year, there was lots of talk about carbon dioxide, which has a bad rap for trapping heat in the atmosphere and so leading to global warming.
But what about the other greenhouse gases? How much do they contribute to climate change? Here’s a handy guide.
What’s global warming potential? It’s a measure of how much heat a gas traps in the atmosphere,
and depends on a number of things:
– It’s compared to carbon dioxide. For convenience, we assign one ton of carbon dioxide the
abstract value of 1.
– How long does the gas linger in the atmosphere? The longer it sticks around, the longer it can
do its thing.
– What wavelength(s) of radiation does it absorb?
Global warming potential (GWP for short) is typically calculated over a 20, 50 or 100-year
timeframe. For example, methane hangs around in the atmosphere for 12 years. (See page 212 of this IPCC 4th Assessment Report chapter for a chart of how much and how long.)
These are the ‘other’ greenhouse gases that the Kyoto Protocol recognises:
Methane (CH4): which comes from natural sources such as wetlands, and man-made sources such as cows (they’re anthropogenic thanks to our demand for beef), landfills and fossil fuel extraction.
Nitrous oxide (N2O): comes from natural and anthropogenic sources, but particularly fertiliser use and industrial processes
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs): industrial gases used as refrigerants, solvents, surfactants, etc.
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6): This potent greenhouse gas is used as an electrical insulator in power distribution equipment
The potential ‘new’ greenhouse gas: Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
In new drafts of Kyoto Protocol documents last year, nitrogen trifluoride was added to the list of controlled greenhouse gases. It’s used in the microelectronics industry (that means you, Singapore!) to etch computer chips, and in the making of flat LCD screens.
It sticks around in the atmosphere for 550 years, and by some accounts is 17,000 times more effective a greenhouse gas per ton than carbon dioxide over a century.
The bad news is, as the demand for high-tech products continues to grow, the industrial use of NF3 will also continue to expand. The good news? Elemental fluorine has potential to be an alternative, and proper gas abatement processes may be able to control industrial NF3 emissions.
The IPCC 4th Assessment Report (5AR due out in a few years!)


Weather in Tasmania
What makes Tasmanian weather so appealing is that the island state has four distinct seasons. This means you can frolic in the snow, feel cool wind on your face and bask in our sunshine on a perfectly still autumn day.
The warmest months fall between December and March, coinciding with plenty of summer activity including the Taste Festival and arrival of Sydney to Hobart yachts around the New Year period. The average maximum summer temperatures are between 17 and 23 degrees Celsius, while during winter months the temperature drops to 3-11 degrees Celsius on average.
Although we receive a joke or two about our weather in comparison to our mainland counterparts, Hobart is actually the second-driest capital city behind Adelaide (average 626 millimetres) so you’re more likely to have your game of tennis ruined by rain in another Australian capital! Rainfall varies dramatically depending on where you are on the island. For instance, in the west the average rainfall nis 2400mm, ideal for the rainforests of this region.
The most important thing to remember when packing for a Tasmanian holiday is to be aware that the weather can change with little warning. This is particularly important if you’re planning on being outdoors. Our sun has a harsh burn to it, and in a moment’s notice when bushwalking this sunshine can turn to thunder clouds. Make sure you layer up with warm clothing and waterproof gear. It’s better to be ready for all conditions.
Hobart Average Temperatures
As a guide, take a look at the average daily temperatures in Hobart and average rainfall in millimetres:


US National Association of Scholars slams top climate scientists
Probably because the work of the world’s “top” climate scientists isn’t really that scholarly.
Climategate, both 1 and 2, are textbook cases of gross lapses in professional ethics and scientific malfeasance. To understand why, one must first understand what science is and how it is supposed to operate. Science is the noble pursuit of knowledge through observation, testing and experimentation. Scientists attempt to explain, describe and/or predict the implications of phenomena through the use of the scientific method.
Which brings us to Climategate. Climategate parts one and two are a series of leaked e-mails from arguably the most prominent researchers promoting the idea that humans are causing catastrophic global warming. The e-mails show the scientists involved to be violating their professional ethics with the result that climate science in particular and science as an institution more generally is brought into question.


Turkey Weather in October - Temperature, Rainfall & Sunshine. Check How Hot & Sunny It Is Before You Book Your Next Holiday in 2020 Wetter ☀ ⛅ Side ☀ ⛅ Oktober ☀ ⛅ Infos zu Temperatur, Sonnenstunden, Wassertemperatur & Niederschlag im Oktober für Side in der Türkei. Hier gibt es alle Infos zum Wetter für Euren Urlaub in Side für alle Reisemonate. Wir wünschen tolles Wetter in Side im Oktober ☀ ⛅ Klimadiagramme und Klimatabellen für Marokko im Oktober. Mit dem Klima in Marokko im Oktober wissen, wie warm es wird.
Get the monthly weather forecast for Samsun, Samsun, Turkey, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. What's the weather like in Side in October. Temperature. Although autumn has officially begun in Side this month, October can still see some warm temperatures. The average temperature this month is 21°C (70°F), while the average low is 15°C (59°F), and the average high is 26°C (79°F). The beginning of October brings warm days with lots of sun, virtually no rain, and an average daily ... Average Weather October in Side (Mediterranean Region Turkey), Turkey. The average minimum temperature (usually the minimum temperature is noted during the night) in Side in October is 15.0°C (59°F). The amount of rain in October is normal with an average of 70mm (2.8in). If you enjoy looking at a blue sky and like sunbathing than this month ...
Zu berücksichtigen: Das Klima in der Türkei im Oktober ist von ideal bis genau je nach Region und Stadt. Warnung im Oktober kann das Wetter ja nach Stadt oder Region unterschiedlich sein. Im Oktober ist das Wetter fantastisch in Türkei, allerdings nur zum Teil, da es nur die Städte Bodrum, Kemer, Kuşadası, Alanya, Ephesos, Antalya und Dalaman betrifft. Turkey: Seven-day weather forecast. Take a look at the seven-day weather forecast for the principal cities inTurkey. For each destination, Easyvoyage's weather tool gives you temperature and rainfall indicators, along with wind force and direction and sunrise/sunset times. OCTOBER (Ekim, eh-KEEM) The month begins with very good weather, but the autumn rains may begin sometime in mid- or late October. Beach vacations are still easily possible, particularly along the Mediterranean shore in the first half of October, and perhaps even through October, though the chance of rain increases as the month goes on.
What's the weather like in Antalya in October. October sees temperatures begin to cool as the summer season draws to a close in Antalya. This is still much warmer than most parts of northern Europe during October so this is a great time to get away and soak up the last of the summer sun! Klimadiagramme und Klimatabellen für Bodrum im Oktober. Mit dem Klima in Bodrum im Oktober wissen, wie warm es wird.
Get the monthly weather forecast for Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. W hen considering Turkey, don’t forget it’s a big place, so big in fact, that it straddles both Europe and Asia. This means the weather at the end of October can vary considerably depending on ...
Weather ☀ ⛅ Turkey ☀ ⛅ October ☀ ⛅ Information on temperature, sunshine hours, water temperature & rainfall in October for Turkey. Samsun Weather Forecast. Providing a local 3 hourly Samsun weather forecast of rain, sun, wind, humidity and temperature. The Long-range 10 day forecast also includes detail for Samsun weather today. Live weather reports from Samsun weather stations and weather warnings that include risk of thunder, high UV index and forecast gales. See the ... View the latest weather forecasts, maps, news and alerts on Yahoo Weather. Find local weather forecasts for Samsun, Turkey throughout the world
Holiday Weather - We provide temperature and day and night temperature averages for Sim, Turkey in October Side Weather in October What's the weather like in Side, Turkey in October 2020? The climate in Side during October can be summarized as warm and a little damp. Istanbul weather in October is pleasant with nice evenings, as temperatures are between 13° and 20° degrees. As there are on average 12 days of rain in Istanbul in October, it is most recommended to walk around with umbrella and keep on update regarding the weather before outdoor activity.
weather is generally good in October - in the 20s so not so hot you find it an effort to do anything! Obviously by this time of year there is the chance of rain but this is usually a shower or at night. Zile, Turkey - October weather averages including high and low temperatures, humidity, rainfall, snowfall, daylight, sunshine, UV index, and sea temperature.
Klimadiagramme und Klimatabellen für Izmir im Oktober. Mit dem Klima in Izmir im Oktober wissen, wie warm es wird. Weather in Ephesus in october 2020. The weather in Ephesus in the month of october comes from statistical datas on the last years. You can view the weather statistics the entire month, but also by using the tabs for the beginning, the middle and the end of the month.
Wetter in Alanya im Oktober 2020. Das Wetter in Alanya im Monat Oktober wurde aus statistischen Erhebungen der letzten Jahre abgeleitet. Sie können sich die Wetterstatistiken für den ganzen Monat ansehen, aber auch durch Klicken auf die Registerkarten für den Anfang, die Mitte und das Monatsende. Weather is too cold this time of year in Samsun to be enjoyable for warm weather travelers. The average high during this season is between 60°F (15.6°C) and 49.3°F (9.6°C). On average, it rains or snows a smalll amount: 1 to 3 times per month. These times of year are the slowest with tourists. Best Times to Travel› Turkey › Samsun, Turkey
Average Weather in October in Samsun Turkey Daily high temperatures decrease by 8°F , from 72°F to 64°F , rarely falling below 55°F or exceeding 79°F . Daily low temperatures decrease by 7°F , from 61°F to 53°F , rarely falling below 46°F or exceeding 67°F . Samsun Weather Forecasts. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Samsun area. I was a bit disappointed with Side in October. We arrived on the 16th - at the end of the poor weather. No swimming pool. restaurants shutting down or having limited stocks, no quiz nights in the bars - although the signs outside said every Wednesday or whatever.
The October weather guide for Samsun, Turkey shows long term weather averages processed from data supplied by CRU (University of East Anglia), the Met Office & the Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Find out more about our data sources. Get the monthly weather forecast for Side, Antalya, Türkei, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. also ich war letztes jahr im oktober (19.10.-26.10) in der region side. wir hatten echt super wetter und konnten auch noch im meer baden . also für die abende würd ich ne weste weste mitnehmen , ansonsten kurze hosen und die übliche reisekleidung. mfg . haustadter 2005
Wetter ☀ ⛅ Türkei ☀ ⛅ Oktober ☀ ⛅ Infos zu Temperatur, Sonnenstunden, Wassertemperatur & Niederschlag im Oktober für die Türkei. Hier finden Sie alle Infos rund um das Wetter für deinen Urlaub in der Türkei, an der türkischen Riviera, Ägäis oder Istanbul. Wir wünschen Euch perfektes Wetter für den Urlaub in der Türkei ☀ ⛅ Weather in Antalya in october 2020. The weather in Antalya in the month of october comes from statistical datas on the last years. You can view the weather statistics for all the month, but also navigating through the tabs for the beginning, the middle and the end of the month.
Weather in Turkey in october 2020. Below, check out the weather forecast for the month of october for most popular cities in Turkey. These predictions are statistics for october from weather reports for over 10 years. The percentage indicates the probability of having the weather indicated. Current weather in Samsun and forecast for today, tomorrow, and next 14 days
Average Weather and Climate in October in Samsun (Black Sea Region Turkey), Turkey. A complete overview with weather averages, climate charts and forecasts. Find the best time to go to Samsun (Black Sea Region Turkey). Know what's coming with AccuWeather's extended daily forecasts for Samsun, Samsun, Turkey. Up to 90 days of daily highs, lows, and precipitation chances. Wetter heute, 06.02.2020 In Side kann es am Morgen zeitweise etwas Regen geben und die Temperatur liegt bei 14°C. Im weiteren Tagesverlauf kann es immer mal wieder regnen und die Temperatur erreicht 14°C. Abends werden in Side die Regenfälle von Blitz und Donner begleitet bei Werten von 12 bis zu 14°C. In der Nacht werden die Regenfälle ...
Annual Weather Averages Near Samsun. Averages are for Samsun / Carsamba, which is 12 miles from Samsun. Based on weather reports collected during 2005–2015. Current weather in Side and forecast for today, tomorrow, and next 14 days
Klimadiagramme und Klimatabellen für Antalya im Oktober. Mit dem Klima in Antalya im Oktober wissen, wie warm es wird. Weather reports from October 2018 in Cappadocia, Turkey with highs and lows
Average Weather October in Cappadocia, Turkey. The average minimum temperature (usually the minimum temperature is noted during the night) in Cappadocia in October is 4.0°C (39.2°F). The amount of rain in October is normal with an average of 34mm (1.3in). If you enjoy looking at a blue sky and like sunbathing than this month is a great period ... Weather Today/Tomorrow Hour-by-Hour Forecast 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate (Averages) Side Extended Forecast with high and low temperatures °F
Holiday Weather - We provide temperature and day and night temperature averages for Samsun, Turkey in October Get your 3-Day weather forecast for Samsun, Samsun, Turkey. Hi/Low, RealFeel®, precip, radar, & everything you need to be ready for the day, commute, and weekend! Weekly Weather Report for Samsun, Turkey. Looking at the weather in Samsun, Turkey over the next 7 days, the maximum temperature will be 13℃ (or 55℉) on Wednesday 29 th January at around 2 pm. In the same week the minimum temperature will be -1℃ (or 31℉) on Tuesday 4 th February at around 11 pm.
Samsun, Turkey - October weather averages including high and low temperatures, humidity, rainfall, snowfall, daylight, sunshine, UV index, and sea temperature. Samsun, Turkey Weather 14 Day Trend. Here is your temperature trend for the next 14 Days. To see the daily forecast, scroll to the table below. see more news. Weather. A month's worth of snow in a ...


The National Weather Service has issued a winter storm warning from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. Friday, Nov. 18 for Mille Lacs County, including Milaca and Princeton.
Accumulations of 6 to 12 inches of snow are expected west of a line from Redwood Falls to St Cloud and Lake Mille Lacs. Mille Lacs County can expect 4 to 8 inches of snow. Strong winds will result in blowing and drifting snow.
A blizzard warning is in effect Friday for much of West Central Minnesota, mainly west of Redwood Falls To Willmar and Alexandria. The latest road conditions for the state you are calling from can be obtained by calling 511.


Thursday, 15 April 2010
Hooray for volcanoes!
One Icelandic volcano has today done what Plane Stupid can only dream of achieving.
What a pity it had to emit so much CO2 during the process.
Actually, I did wonder how volcanic activity compared with human activity. The U.S. Geological survey reckons:
Comparison of CO2 emissions from volcanoes vs. human activities.
Scientists have calculated that volcanoes emit between about 130-230 million tonnes (145-255 million tons) of CO2 into the atmosphere every year (Gerlach, 1991). This estimate includes both subaerial and submarine volcanoes, about in equal amounts. Emissions of CO2 by human activities, including fossil fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring, amount to about 27 billion tonnes per year (30 billion tons) [ ( Marland, et al., 2006) - The reference gives the amount of released carbon (C), rather than CO2, through 2003.]. Human activities release more than 130 times the amount of CO2 emitted by volcanoes--the equivalent of more than 8,000 additional volcanoes like Kilauea (Kilauea emits about 3.3 million tonnes/year)! (Gerlach et. al., 2002)


The Weather Channel 10.30.0 Apk + Mod (Full) for Android
- Current Version: 10.30.0
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The Weather Channel is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by The Weather Company, itself owned by a consortium that is owned in turn by NBCUniversal and investment firms The Blackstone Group and Bain Capital – and includes the online weather services Weather Underground and Intellicast, and weather data and software company Weather Services International (WSI) among its properties. The Weather Channel has its headquarters located in Atlanta, Georgia.
Launched on May 2, 1982, the channel broadcasts weather forecasts and weather-related news and analysis, along with documentaries and entertainment programming related to weather. In addition to its programming on the cable channel, TWC also provides forecasts for terrestrial and satellite radio stations, newspapers and websites, and maintains an extensive online presence at weather.com and through a set of mobile applications for smartphones and tablet computers. A sister network, Weatherscan, is a digital cable and satellite service that offers 24-hour automated local forecasts and radar imagery.
As of July 2015, The Weather Channel was received by approximately 89.7 million American households that subscribe to a pay television service (77.1% of U.S. households with at least one television set). As recently as February 2015, the network was the most distributed cable network in the United States with 97.3 million subscribers (or 83.6% of US households). However, it was subsequently dropped by Verizon FiOS (losing its approximately 5.5 million subscribers), giving the title of most distributed network to HLN. Actual viewership of the channel averaged 210,000 during 2013 and has been declining for several years.
You. Yes you, weather fan.
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We are normally cursing the clouds, but for once they put on a very dramatic display this evening between 18:00 and 18:20.
Was sitting chatting in the lounge when I saw cloud1r, or something a bit more brighter and colourful, immediately thought of nacreous clouds, several examples of which have featured lately on http://spaceweather.com/
There is currently an example on at the present, taken in Norway, nacreous clouds are stratospheric phenomena and as can be seen form the shots I've posted these are not stratospheric, so no, not nacreous or " mother of pearl" clouds ,but the poor relation, iridescent clouds as described in this extract from
When parts of clouds are thin and have similar size droplets, diffraction can make them shine with colours like a corona. In fact, the colours are essentially corona fragments. The effect is called cloud iridescence or irisation, terms derived from Iris the Greek personification of the rainbow.
The usually delicate colours can be in almost random patches or bands at cloud edges. They are only organised into coronal rings when the droplet size is uniform right across the cloud. The bands and colours change or come and go as the cloud evolves. They occur most often in altocumulus, cirrocumulus and especially in lenticular clouds. Iridescence is seen mostly when part of a cloud is forming because then all the droplets have a similar history and consequently have a similar size.
Sometimes iridescence can be seen far from the sun but is most frequent near to it. As for coronas, search safely by hiding the sun behind a building and, even better, also viewing the reflection of the sky in water.
Very much rarer iridescence is that of nacreous or mother-of-pearl clouds. They can glow very brightly and are far higher than ordinary tropospheric clouds. Iridescence is also seen in rocket exhaust trails
Some of the clouds were definitely lenticular and they gave a pretty spectacular display and the whole scene was very dynamic for some 20 mins.
Shots taken on Canon 450D , handheld, F10, Tamron 18-270mm lens, focus at infinity using manual focus, ISO400, exp 1/50",typical values, obviously changed focus for cloud3r, with uniform sky, not enough difference to auto-focus, being hand held image stabilisation on. Taken in RAW and tweaked in P.S.


In order to fight, mitigate as well as reduce the climate change phenomena caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the international community has agreed. Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the earth's climate system and its. Efeito estufa x aquecimento global o efeito estufa é o aquecimento da terra, ou seja, é a elevação da temperatura terrestre em virtude da presença de certos. Posts sobre aquecimento global escritos por outra politica. In the last 35 years of global warming, the sun has shown a slight cooling trend sun and climate have been going in opposite directions.
Aquecimento global - free download as (rtf), pdf file (pdf), text file (txt) or read online for free. Aquecimento global é o processo de aumento da temperatura média dos oceanos e da atmosfera da terra causado por massivas emissões de gases que intensificam o. Anthropogenic global warming (agw) is a theory that suggests that human activity is causing the earth to warm the theory posits that greenhouse gases, including. Statement concerning global warming richard s lindzen alfred p sloan professor of meteorology massachusetts institute of technology presented to the senate. Posts about aquecimento global written by o braga.
Learn about practical solutions to curb global warming global warming causes global warming glossary about climate hot map global warming effects around the world. The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases there is a. Global warming is turning antarctica green, study says time may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website.
Translation for 'aquecimento global' in the free portuguese-english dictionary and many other english translations. The consequences of global warming are expected to be far-reaching, long-lasting and, in many cases, devastating.
Hoje falaremos do aquecimento globaloláo aquecimento global é causado pelo mal cuidado do nosso planeta provocando muitos acontecimentos ruinsum desses problemas. Global warming i: the science and modeling of climate change from the university of chicago this class describes the science of global warming and the forecast for. Posts sobre aquecimento global escritos por outra politica e outrapoliticaemsampa. The planet has continued to accumulate heat since 1998 - global warming is still happening nevertheless, surface temperatures show much internal variability due to. No nerdologia de hoje vamos ver porque ainda se debate aquecimento global apresentação e roteiro: Átila iamarino -.


Brain Development on Children Article:
Africa is experiencing both an epidemiological and an environmental transition. Air pollution from households is the major form of air pollution, but it is decreasing, whereas ambient air pollution is rising. This article will establish how air pollution is affecting human capital, health, and the economy across Africa, with a particular focus on Rwanda, Ghana, and Ethiopia.
Africa currently has the world’s youngest population with a median age of 19.7 years. It’s population is forecasted to more than triple by 2100, from 1.3 billion to 4.3 billion. The continent is experiencing urbanization and is expected to have 13 mega cities by the end of the century. This is due to its countries building infrastructure, advancing economically, and industrializing.
Back in 2019, air pollution took away 1.1 million lives across Africa. Air pollution produced by households made up for 697,000 deaths whilst ambient air pollution accounted for 394,000. Deaths related to ambient air pollution increased from 361,000 in 2015 to 394,000 in 2019, with the biggest surge in the most highly developed countries.
Non-communicable diseases is the main cause of deaths due to ambient air pollution. In 2019, the loss in economic output due to air pollution related mortality and morbidity was $349 million in Rwanda, $1.63 billion in Ghana, and $3.02 billion in Ethiopia. PM2.5 pollution was accountable for the loss of 1.96 billion IQ points in African children in 2019.
In the absence of deliberate human intervention, ambient air pollution will continue to increase across Africa. This will decrease economic productivity, prevent development, heighten mortality and morbidity, and impair the formation of human capital. However, the good news is that most African countries are still in their initial stages of development, thus they have an opportunity to switch to solar and wind energy. Thereby evading the trap of relying on fossil-fuel based economies and decreasing pollution.
Estimation of intelligence quotient (IQ) loss
Children's exposure to air pollution during critical stages of brain development during pregnancy and infancy can result in brain damage, which lowers cognitive performance as shown by IQ scores and prevents the development of human capital. We systematically searched through global literature to create an exposure-response function measuring the association between early life exposure to air pollution and IQ decrease. The US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Office of Health Assessment and Translation's systematic review and evidence integration technique, which is detailed in the PRISMA statement, was adopted by us (appendix p 1). With the use of this methodology, we were able to quantify the link between particulate matter (PM)25 concentration and IQ decline in children under the age of ten.
In most of Africa, household air pollution is the main source of air pollution, but it is slowly and unevenly diminishing. On the other hand, ambient air pollution is starting to rise. Electricity production, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, wind-blown dust, and crop burning are some of the factors that contribute to ambient air pollution. Annual mean PM25 pollution levels in many African nations are higher than the WHO's recommended limit of 10 g/m3. 17 In sub-Saharan Africa, the annual average PM25 concentration in 2019 was 45 g/m3. Mean PM2-5 concentrations in Ghana, Ethiopia, and Rwanda were all significantly greater than 10 g/m3. 7
1. Hao Y Peng H Temulun T et al.
How harmful is air pollution to economic development? New evidence from PM2·5 concentrations of Chinese cities.
J Clean Prod. 2018; 172: 743-757


Colombia has a large variety of different weather conditions and climate zones; from a tropical Caribbean heat, to a chilly high mountain dewy mist. This country is located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, with the equatorial line crossing its southern region. As a result, Colombia’s weather is not marked by seasonal changes like the UK, although there is a rainy season and a dry season.
The B&CCC recommends to check the weather conditions for each city you intend to visit.
Brief Weather Descriptions
Bogota: 2,600 metres above sea level. Average temperature 13 -19 degrees (C)
Medellin: 1,500 metres above sea level. Average temperature 18 - 28 degrees (C)
Cartagena: Sea level. Average temperature. 26 - 32 degrees (C)


Last week the sun has been undergoing an intense period of solar flare activity, this apparently increases the chances of seeing the Aurora Borealis. (The northern lights are caused by cosmic particles from the sun colliding with the atmosphere and interacting with the magnetic fields at the poles)
I headed out late last night to see if there was going to be a show, sadly the cosmic particles were refusing to cooperate fully! There was a brilliant full moon which was obscuring any potential light shows. We did see some white stripes across the sky for a while (possibly just clouds but they were very picturesque) and there was also a beautiful corona round the moon. This is caused by light refracting through high altitude, thin clouds scudding across the moon. Apparently a lunar corona is seen as a harbinger of bad weather, presumably because the cirrus that cause the corona are often the the start of a frontal system. The best photos of the corona I could manage are below.


With Typhoon Hagibis moving over Tokyo, it seems an appropriate moment to consider what the weather might be like when I cycle the length of the country in July and August 2020. Let’s start with typhoons. Here’s an image from the Windy.com website of Japan with the current typhoon approaching:
It looks pretty fearsome. The BBC reports that it will be ‘the most powerful storm to hit the country in 60 years [with] winds of [up to] 180km/h…‘. I can’t imagine there will be many cyclists out in that and it’s easy to see why the Rugby World Cup and the Formula 1 Grand Prix events have been so seriously affected.
But what about typhoons more generally? According to Japan-Guide.com:
‘Most typhoons hit Japan between May and October with August and September being the peak season. Typhoons later in the season tend to be stronger than typhoons earlier in the season.‘Japan-Guide.com
So, although my cycle will start in early July and finish in the second half of August, with the season stretching through to October, the risk of a seriously large typhoon is probably quite low. In terms of frequency, the guide goes on to say that:
‘…about 30 typhoons form each year over the Northwest Pacific Ocean, of which an average of about seven or eight pass over Okinawa Prefecture, and about three hit the Japanese main islands, especially Kyushu and Shikoku. But any region of Japan, including Tokyo, Osaka and Hokkaido can be visited by typhoons.‘Japan-Guide.com
That doesn’t worry me too much.
More generally, the Japanese Met Office describes the climate of Japan as follows:
Japan has four distinct seasons with a climate ranging from subarctic in the north to subtropical in the south. Conditions are different between the Pacific side and the Sea of Japan side.
Northern Japan has warm summers and very cold winters with heavy snow on the Sea of Japan side and in mountainous areas.Japanese Meteorological Office
Eastern Japan has hot and humid summers and cold winters with very heavy snow on the Sea of Japan side and in mountainous areas.
Western Japan has very hot and humid summers (with temperatures sometimes reaching 35 oC or above) and moderate cold winters.
Okinawa and Amami have a subtropical oceanic climate. These areas have hot and humid summers (with temperatures rarely reaching 35 oC or above) and mild winters.
Basically, in July and August the two key words are ‘hot’ and ‘humid’. With the help of Weather-Averages.co.uk, here are some comparisons of the average weather conditions experienced in London and Tokyo.
It’s worth noting that I will start my journey in northern Japan and the average temperature in July in Sapporo is a little cooler at 24.9ºc. Fukuoka in the south has an average temperature of 32.1ºc in August.
Sapporo in July is much drier than Tokyo with only 81mm of rainfall but that’s still significantly more than London in July (or any other month of the year). Rainfall in Fukuoka peaks in July with an eye-watering 278mm but fortunately by August this has dropped significantly to ‘only’ 172mm.
All data is from the World Meteorological Organization.
So, to sum up, I need to be prepared for a bit of cycling in the rain. But I’m no stranger to that…


In the fraction of a second that it arcs across the sky, lightning can reach temperatures of 29,982ºC (54,000ºF)!
The average lightning bolt also contains anywhere from 100-million to 1-billion volts, and billions of watts of power.
This means a single lightning strike could power a 100-watt lightbulb for three months!
That’s a whole lot of power from something that’s here and gone so quickly!
The whole process happens so fast that when the channel of air left behind collapses, it creates thunderous booms!
Most of the time, lightning flashes occur between the clouds and nearby buildings, other tall objects, or the ground.
However, lightning can also occur inside of clouds, or between clouds. This often causes bright flashing clouds and beautiful streams of light to dance across the sky!
As you might have guessed, all of the electricity from lightning is very dangerous.
So if you see flashes of lightning or hear thunder in the distance, be sure to take shelter until the weather passes.
Thunder never happens without lightning, so listening closely for nearby storms is a simple way to stay safe!


Click on the image above to go to the Good Medicine Magazine article.
“If every person in the United States ate no meat or cheese for just one day a week, it would be like taking 7.6 million cars off the road, so let’s just do that seven days a week,” urged Leslie A. Duram, PhD, a professor of environmental studies at Southern Illinois University and a Food for Life instructor, who discussed diet’s impact on greenhouse gas emissions at the Physicians Committee’s Plant-Based Climate Summit in April. She used a quarter-pound hamburger to illustrate the environmental impact of animal agriculture. In addition to contributing to greenhouse gas emissions, it requires 460 gallons of water and 64.5 square feet of land—both used, in part, to grow crops to feed the cows who are slaughtered for their meat to make the hamburger. “If we instead grew food crops for human consumption, we could feed 4 billion more people,”
Meat, Milk, Methane
Meat and dairy production releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which is trapping heat and leading to global warming and climate change. Cows used for meat, dairy, and leather production belch methane into the atmosphere, and nitrous oxide comes from manure and fertilizer used for animal feed. “If cattle were a country, they would rank third in greenhouse gas emissions, behind China and the United States,” said Dr. Duram. “One cow produces as much methane as about 80 cars on the road.” The World Health Organization has advised, “Studies show that cutting back on red meat production reduces the nitrous oxide released into the atmosphere by fertilizers and animal manure. Nitrous oxide is the third most important man-made greenhouse gas and the most important anthropogenic contributor to stratospheric ozone destruction. Reducing livestock herds would also reduce emissions of methane, which is the second-largest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide.”


El Niño - How it Developed
El Niño, and his counterpart La Niña, are part of “an oscillation of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific having important consequences for weather around the globe” (NOAA). This oscillation system is also referred to as ENSO - El Niño Southern Oscillation. For the conditions to be considered El Niño, the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) must be above average temperatures (and inversely for La Niña - must be lower than average). Additionally, there needs to be evidence of atmospheric involvement, usually characterized in surface wind direction changes over the Central Pacific.
NOAA issued an El Niño advisory in early March, at which point there warmer SST (evidenced in an index that monitors temperatures), increased rainfall over the Central Pacific, westerly wind bursts, and a growing downwelling Kelvin wave. The downwelling Kelvin wave is described as “a warmer-than-average pulse of subsurface waters [that] travel east across the Pacific” by Emily Becker at NOAA. These are all very much telling signs that El Niño conditions are developing.
During March, conditions strengthened, and there was an atmospheric response. Normally, surface winds at the equator are easterly (blowing from the east to the west). When the atmospheric conditions allow, these winds shift to westerly (blowing from west to east). This allows warm water at the surface to move “backwards” into the Central Pacific, or even further to the Eastern Pacific, waters. Another indicator, increased rain over the Central Pacific, was evident.
By May, there was a 90% chance that El Niño conditions would continue through the summer. This is a confident forecast, but the evidence of conditions had strengthened. There were above average SSTs ( >0.5°C warmer), the trade winds had been more westerly than average, and there was higher amounts of rain in the Central Pacific. Most computer models were also forecasting this continuation of El Niño, but at this point no one was sure what the strength of the event would be.
In June, forecasters had confidence in the El Niño event continuing into the fall and the winter, and were expecting a strong event (determined by the 3-month average SST peaking >1.5°C above normal). SSTs continued to be above average, weakening winds, which in turn weakened the Walker circulation. The Walker circulation is the circulation pattern of rising and falling air, and moves horizontally at the equator. During an El Niño event, this cell is offset eastward, which places the rising, turbulent air just off the west coast of North America. The sinking air is placed just east of the coast of Asia. Additionally, a second downwelling Kelvin wave helped move those warm SSTs eastward.
During July, the SSTs increased to 1°C above average in the Central and Eastern Pacific equatorial region and increasing amounts of rain. August brought news of the SSTs continuing to be >1.2°C above average. Atmospheric conditions continue to favor El Niño with increased clouds over Central Pacific and weakened easterlies. Forecasters expected this event to have a 2.0°C above average SST maximum. As of now, in early Sept, there’s a 95% likelihood of El Niño existing through this winter and dying off during the spring.
So, what does this mean for us?
ENSO affects the U.S. most strongly in the winter, because we are more vulnerable to global circulation patterns. The North Pacific Jet stream will be further south, so we can expect to see above average moisture in the storms this winter affecting the southern half of the States. But, the bloggers said it best:
“While we have more confidence in general impacts over the U.S. in an El Niño because of the shifts in the jet stream, they’re not guaranteed, because the ultimate result will also depend on factors (chaos & other climate patterns) that are not predictable months in advance and can also impact the jet stream and large scale atmospheric flow” (Becker 2015).
For those of us in the Southern U.S., it’s time to prepare for an interesting winter!
For further reading on this topic, please visit NOAA’s ENSO blog HERE
Questions, comments or concerns? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.org


Wuxi East railway station, in japanese China, has been struck by a deluge of flooding that turned the station into an extraordinary scene resembling waterfalls, with torrents cascading down escalators and staircases.
The incident is part of a wave of intense weather circumstances that have been sweeping through central and japanese China in new months, leaving devastation in its wake.
China, the world’s most populous state and one of its largest economies, has been grappling with intense temperature patterns given that April, such as major rain and floods, as effectively as blistering heatwaves in inland locations. The nation’s money, Beijing, has been on high warn for severe flooding as the nation proceeds to be pounded by these intense weather conditions activities.
Authorities have attributed the severe weather conditions to the onset of the peak wet period in late July. Having said that, these storms have intensified and come to be additional unpredictable, putting greatly crafted-up megacities, typically equipped with insufficient drainage methods, at threat of deadly floods. Weather change’s influence on these weather conditions patterns has lifted concerns about China’s means to cope with this kind of troubles.
Beijing has mobilised extra than 2,600 staff to drain dozens of pumping stations in preparation for possible flooding. Thousands of drinking water drainage shops alongside roads have been cleared, and some bus routes in suburban and mountainous regions have been suspended to mitigate the effects of the floods.
The neighbouring metropolis of Tianjin has also intensified flood regulate efforts in the Hai basin, a major northern drainage system. Conversely, scant rainfall in Jiangxi province has resulted in Poyang Lake, China’s premier freshwater lake, receding to its least expensive recorded stage for this time of calendar year. Poyang Lake is acknowledged as the “kidneys of China” due to its essential function in regulating the move of the Yangtze River.
The Central Meteorological Observatory has issued warnings for heavy rain in 8 provinces and autonomous regions, predicting short-phrase hefty downpours and important hourly rain totals. Some parts could working experience most hourly rain of 30 to 60 millimetres (1.2 to 2.4 inches), with more than 70 millimetres (2.76 inches) expected in other individuals.


The weather forecast for tomorrow projects temperatures in the low 30’s in the morning and a wind chill of 15. Friday’s forecast is also going to be cold with a morning temperatures in the low teens and wind chill of 9.
Based on this forecast we have made the following decision.
Please have your student wear their CCS Physical Education sweatshirts and sweatpants on both days and a warm coat. (Even if it is not your day for Physical Education please wear this uniform.)
We want to be sure the students are dressed warmly.
In the event that The Charleston County School District decides to delay the start of the school day you will be notified by the Iris Alert, you will receive an email, we will post on the Web site and on Facebook.


By Nathan Gregory
MSU Extension Service
Cool temperatures and rainfall are two things most of Mississippi has not seen lately.
This winter, however, that could change and help farms that have taken a hit from extreme drought if anticipated El Nino conditions play out. But the rains will not arrive quickly enough to save this year’s crop for some growers.
The southwest quadrant of the state is currently in what the U.S. Drought Monitor report classifies as a D-4 (exceptional drought) zone, while other portions near or below Interstate 20 are in D-3 or D-2 zones.
“We have several row crops that just are not going to yield this year,” said Corey Bryant, an agronomist and soil fertility specialist with the Mississippi State University Extension Service. “Some of the people I’ve talked to in the southwest part of the state are looking at the potential of not having anything to harvest. That is financially devastating to a lot of these growers, especially those who are just getting started.”
Tyler Soignier, MSU research and Extension program manager based at the E.G. Morrison Brown Loam Branch Experiment Station in Hinds County, said a majority of growers in central Mississippi are dealing with yield reduction across all their row crops due to the extreme drought.
“We had good growing conditions and adequate rainfall throughout May and June but since July 9, we have not received a rainfall event over half an inch,” Soignier said. “The majority of our row crops initially looked good, but as the dry and hot weather continued throughout the summer, we began to notice that our plants were not able to fill out the fruit they had set as they began to reach physiological maturity. With the vast majority of our growers in this region having dryland fields, we have seen devastating yield loss.”
Mike Brown, state climatologist and meteorology professor at MSU, said previous El Nino winters have contributed to some of the coolest annual temperatures and wettest years on record in Starkville dating back nearly 135 years.
“The El Nino in 1997 brought about our fourth coolest annual temperature to date,” Brown said. “The events of 1979 and 1983 were more pronounced, with 1983 being the third wettest and 1979 the fourth wettest years on record. This is not to say that we will see record rain or temperatures, but chances are better for a cooler and wetter winter, which is much needed to dig out of the current drought.”
Brown explained the formation of El Nino patterns as an interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean.
“Generally, the trade winds in the southern Pacific blow east to west – just south of the equator – from around Peru toward northern Australia. When there is higher atmospheric pressure over Australia, these trade winds tend to weaken or can even reverse direction,” he said. “This helps to warm the water in the central and eastern portions of the Pacific due to less upwelling of cooler water from the coast of Peru.
“The reduced upwelling and warmer waters are conducive to more thunderstorms in the central and eastern Pacific due to increased instability,” he said.
Brown further noted the warmer surface temperatures create a gradient that helps keep jet streams – horizontal air currents that separate air masses and transport moisture and heat – closer to the equator.
“In a ‘normal’ winter, the jet stream is found several hundred miles to our north. In an El Nino winter, the jet stream is a bit further south, bringing more storms, rain and slightly cooler temperatures to the Southeast U.S.,” he said. “Where the jet stream should be in the winter is replaced by an area of high pressure, which is normally associated with slightly above normal temperatures and dry conditions.
“That is not to say it will be warmer 400 miles to the north than we are,” Brown added, “but it will likely be warmer than normal for those locations just as it may be cooler than normal for us.”
Bryant said farms impacted by the drought would reap long-term benefits of a wet winter, but a lot of rainfall is needed to restore soil moisture profiles to deeper depths that can support better yields in 2024.
“Our growers in zones where the drought is the worst, even if they have irrigation capabilities, that irrigation is still only recharging the soil profile to a depth of maybe 2 feet, depending on the soil type,” he said. “Extended rainfall can provide relief and recharge that moisture profile down to 4 feet or deeper. If that happens, when we get into next spring and look at planting, we have a full moisture profile to get next year’s crop started and help us delay irrigation further into the season.”
Growers who apply fertilizer in the fall risk having nutrients leach from the soil during wet winters.
“We already do not recommend putting out phosphorous and potassium in the fall because winter is usually our wettest time of the year. Additional rainfall could cause increased leaching, and at that point our growers are essentially wasting money,” Bryant said.
Another issue is that many growers take soil samples when fields are drier and easier to get into. Those soil test results may not be accurate after winter rainfall and leaching events.


The Kenya Meteorological department has asked Kenyans to brace for more rains this week until Wednesday even as the heavy rains witnessed on Sunday night wreaked havoc in parts of the capital city Nairobi and in other areas across the country.
The met department, in a statement issued on Monday, March 25, 2024, projected a continuation of the ongoing rains with an advisory to Kenyans to take the necessary measures to avoid any injuries.
KMD Director Kennedy Thiong’o also warned of isolated storms over some parts of the country.
“Rainfall is expected over some parts of the Highlands East and West of the Rift Valley, the Lake Victoria Basin, the Rift Valley, the South-eastern lowlands, and the Coast and North-western,” he said.
“North-eastern Kenya is likely to be generally sunny and dry,” Thiong’o said.
The Met director issued the advisory even as residents of various parts of the country including Nairobi continued to count losses caused by heavy rains that was experienced in major areas of the country.
For almost eight hours, heavy rains pounded the country’s capital city from Sunday night to Monday morning.
The nonstop rains, which also led to flooding in sections of the central business district, Westlands and Eastleigh, was also witnessed across all 17 sub-counties.
Some of the parts of the city which were affected included walkways, roads and drainages and even the Nairobi expressway, leaving little to no room for human movement.
In their advisory, the met department said that the Highlands West of the Rift Valley, the Lake Victoria Basin, and the Rift Valley are likely to experience rainfall, showers, and thunderstorms during the day.
The region is also likely to witness showers over several places at night, and maximum temperatures of 33 degrees Celsius with minimum temperatures of more 10 degrees Celsius.
The North-western region including Turkana and Samburu counties will experience a maximum of 40 degrees Celsius and a minimum of 15 degrees Celsius with isolated rainfall in parts of the region.
Highlands East of the Rift Valley including Nairobi County will experience showers in several places, the meteorological agency said.
KMD projected minimum temperatures of 10 degrees Celsius and a maximum temperature of 30 degrees Celsius.


My research examines the emission, processing and deposition of volcanic gases and particles. The broad aim is to gain novel insights into volcanic processes and to investigate the atmospheric, environmental and human impacts of active volcanism:
Monitoring volcanic emissions: Remote sensing and direct sampling techniques (e.g., spectroscopic, electrochemical, wet chemical) are used to characterise gas and particle emissions from active volcanoes. These results offer insights into magmatic processes, volcanic contributions to biogeochemical cycles and the environmental behaviour of volcanic emissions.
The magma-air interface: Extreme thermal and redox gradients at interfaces between the magma and the atmosphere drive the conversion of elements from less reactive (e.g., HBr, HCl, N2, SO2, Hg0) to more reactive forms (e.g., Br, Cl, NO, SO42-, HgII). The chemistry of the magma-air interface is investigated using high-temperature equilibrium models.
Atmospheric chemistry and volcanoes: Volcanic emissions play a key role in maintaining the Earth’s atmosphere. Species of atmospheric relevance include SO42- (which promotes heterogeneous chemistry in volcanic plumes, and acts as a CCN) and reactive Br (which results in tropospheric ozone depletion). Field measurements and chemical models are used to understand the relationships between atmospheric chemistry and active volcanism.
Biological impacts of active volcanism: Research has focused on the dispersion, deposition and vegetation uptake of volcanogenic heavy metals (e.g., Hg, Pb). A further interest is the lasting respiratory hazard to humans posed by ash deposition from explosive volcanic eruptions.


Vessels Carbon Solutions is currently operating a combustor at Cambria 33 and capturing methane emissions equivalent to removing 38,000 cars off the road.
Vessels Coal Gas has operated a facility capturing methane emissions from an abandoned coal mine Beth Energy Slope Mine 33 near Johnstown Pennsylvania since 2008. The residual coal property is now owned by Arcelor Mittal. The project was a pilot project and served as a model to develop the Abandoned Mine Methane Protocol of the Verified Carbon Standard1.
The Protocol Vessels developed served as a reference for the California Air Resources Board as they designed their Mine Methane Capture Protocol for their Cap and Trade System23
Vessels acquired a lease of the methane in 2007 and drilled a well into the mine to capture the methane and sell it into a local distribution pipeline company.
Pipeline injection of methane emissions began in May of 2008. Electrical generation using methane emissions began December 2010. Natural gas prices plummeted and the gas injection to pipeline ceased at the end of 2014. The project was converted to a methane capture and combustion project following the California Air Resources Board Cap and Trade System. By January 1, 2019, the Cambria 33 project has produced the following results:
- Estimated reduction of 1,032,997 metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions.
- Captured 696,000,000 cubic feet of methane emissions.
- 10,916 RECS of generated electricity.
- 514,000,000 cubic feet of methane emissions sold into a distribution natural gas pipeline.
- 123,000 Voluntary Offsets under the Verified Carbon Standard
- 107,000 Air Resource Board Offset Credits.
“Baseline Emissions” is a term that refers to the total methane emissions from the abandoned mine that were measured and recorded as having been captured by the project. This number is represented in metric tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e).
“Project Emissions” refers to the amount of CO2 emissions created by the methane combustion, which produces CO2 and water, and the small amount of methane that is not combusted. Cambria 33 Project Emissions are approximately 9.5% of the total Baseline Emissions all stated as tCO2e.
“Emission Reductions” refer to the total climate benefit achieved by the project measured in tCO2e using the IPCC fifth assessment report, and a 20-year global warming potential of methane. Emission reductions equals baseline emissions minus project emissions.
Emission Reduction Summary Report using IPCC AR5 20 years GWP metric tons of CO2 equivalent:
|Projects Emissions (emissions from the carbon capture project)||-108,436|
Time line of Cambria 33:
2019 Verification for Report Period 1 in 2018 under ARB begins.
2018 Combustor begins destroying methane emissions.
2015 Gas treating facility shut down due to low gas prices.
2014 Project is converted to ARB from VCS
2010 Verified Carbon Standard approves Cambria 33 as an Abandoned Mine Methane project qualifying for carbon offsets.
2010 Electricity generation facility commissioned to run on methane from the mine 33 to provide power for the gas treating and pipeline injection facility.
2010 Terrapass buys Verified Carbon Units (VCUS)4
2008 Initial finished product gas sales.
2008 Monitoring and recording instruments on placed on F Shaft.
2008 Installation of Molecular Gate Nitrogen Desorption treatment facility adjacent to the People’s Gas Local Distribution Pipeline.
2008 Drilling of a well into the Cambria 33 Mine on top of the Ebensburg Anticline.
2007 F Shaft of Cambria Mine is tested for volume of methane emissions.
2007 Vessels acquired lease right to methane in Cambria 33 coal mine.


For the functioning of the body, food, water and air are needed first of all. Without food, we can live for some, less without water. Always need air!
Taking advantage of time, we choose food very carefully. Culinary recipes have existed for more than one thousand years and are constantly being improved. See how many articles are about food at the School of Life.
In recent years, we also pay attention to water. We clean, buy in bottles. Yes, and tap water, despite the growing criticism, you can drink. From the puddle we do not drink!
But we breathe air, as if from a puddle. What is there! Forced!
And what is there in this air puddle around us?
First of all, it is nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide. Nature has always maintained their balance. Smells, even unpleasant, were also environmentally friendly. Dust – natural. Nature perfectly coped with the destruction of all evil spirits.
The last decades of rapid scientific and technological progress, in addition to amenities and comforts, have “presented” mankind with a variety of harmful chemical compounds.
Nature can no longer cope with such a load, and we get a decrease in immunity, various allergies and other inadequate reactions of the body. Our immune system now spends 80% of its resources on neutralizing harmful environmental factors. And also does not always cope.
What makes us happy with progress? It:
Carbon monoxide. Sources of atmospheric emissions: road transport, coal and oil burning, steelmaking. Causes suffocation, affects the cardiovascular system, disrupts the circulatory system. Formaldehyde. Sources of atmospheric emissions: furniture, automobile transport, chemical production. Irritating to mucous membranes of eyes and nose. Nitric oxides , mainly due to the secondary reactions of nitrogen compounds, are also associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases: Nitric oxide. Sources of atmospheric emissions: gas stove, motor vehicles, coal and oil burning. Easily converted to nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide Source of air: formed in sunlight from nitric oxide. At the same time, ozone is formed in the troposphere, which is a pollutant in the lower atmosphere. When it enters the upper atmosphere — the stratosphere — nitrogen dioxide destroys the ozone layer of the earth. Nitrogen dioxide causes bronchitis, lowers the body’s resistance to respiratory diseases. Ozone. Sources of atmospheric release: formed in sunlight during the reaction of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Irritating to mucous membranes of eyes, exacerbates asthma. Hydrocarbons. Sources of atmospheric release are unburned gasoline vapors. In sunlight, it reacts with nitrogen oxides and forms a photochemical smog. PAN (peroxyacetyl hydronitrate) . Sources of atmospheric release: formed in sunlight during the reaction of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Irritating to mucous membranes of eyes, exacerbates asthma. Nitric acid. Source: Nitrogen dioxide reactions in the atmosphere. In high concentrations it leads to acid rain. Causes respiratory illness. Sulphuric acid. Source of entry into the atmosphere: formed in sunlight during the reaction of sulfur dioxide and hydroxyl ions (OH-). Causes respiratory illness. Nitrous acid. It enters the atmosphere as a result of reactions between nitrogen dioxide and water vapor. Causes respiratory illness. Arsenic. Sources of atmospheric emissions: coal and oil furnaces, glass production. It causes the destruction of the autonomic nervous system, paralysis of the circulatory system, metabolic disorders. Exposure over an extended period of time can lead to lung and skin cancer. Benzene. Sources of air emissions: refineries, car exhausts. Exposure for a long time can cause leukemia. Chlorine. Sources of atmospheric emissions: chemical production. Causes mucosal tissue irritation. Hydrogen chloride Sources of air emissions: waste incineration plants, chemical production. Irritating to mucous membranes of eyes and lungs. Hydrogen fluoride. Sources of air emissions: plants for the production of mineral fertilizers, steelmaking. Irritating to skin, eyes, mucous membranes. Hydrogen sulfide. Sources of atmospheric emissions: oil refineries, treatment plants, pulp and paper production. Causes nausea, irritates eyes. Manganese. Sources of atmospheric emissions: metallurgical production, power plants. Exposure over time can cause Parkinson’s disease. Sulphur dioxide. Sources of atmospheric emissions: oil and coal combustion, steelmaking. Sulfur dioxide causes acid rain. Reduces resistance to respiratory diseases, irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes.
This dry but scary list is far from complete.
The chief state sanitary doctor of Russia Gennady Onishchenko admitted that: “The number of deaths due to air pollution is 21 thousand per 22.4 million people. This is 7% of the annual deaths of Russians. “
Do you want to hide from all this behind plastic windows? Will not work! All the same, all this rubbish will penetrate the apartment when airing. Inside, there are also its own sources of pollution: walls, ceilings, furniture (especially from particleboard) carpets, as well as all kinds of artificial coatings, varnishes and paints, household chemicals. Organic matter, mold, fungi and bacteria, the sources of which are insects, domestic animals and ourselves.
And many of us did not even think about it! Just do not always feel good.
Well, breath caught in fear? Then do not breathe yet. In the next article I will tell you how to clean the air. And not with the help of ionizers, the obsessive advertising of which offers them for all occasions. They will make the chemistry listed above only more harmful!


Air quality has become a serious issue around the world. As our awareness grows, we realize the full importance of breathing clean air ever day.
Philips Professional Air Quality Solutions improves the quality of indoor air. The industrial grade air purifiers filter out pollutants such as fine particles, harmful gasses, irritating allergens – and even bacteria and viruses.
For more than 35 years, Philips has been dedicated to improving the quality of air by developing superior air purifiers, humidifiers and dehumidifiers. So everybody can breathe healthier air.


Expect more rain in Nairobi
Several parts of the country will continue receiving rainfall in the coming week, the Kenya Meteorological Department has said.
In a forecast for November 30 – December 6, the Met Department said several parts of the Highlands East of the Rift Valley, the South-eastern lowlands, and the Coast are likely to continue receiving rainfall.
According to Met, Nairobi County is likely to be cloudy with occasional rains over a few places in the mornings, while afternoon and night showers are likely to occur over a few to several places.
Rainfall intensities are however likely to reduce as the forecast period progresses.
Nairobi residents have witnessed rainfall and chilly weather leading to floods in the past three days.
The rains have left flood-prone areas submerged.
Many motorists blamed the perennial flooding challenge on poor drainage of the capital while some blamed the construction works of the Expressway.
Following the night rains, most roads in Nairobi were flooded but the most affected areas were Wetlands, South C, Thika Road, Parklands, and Kilimani.
On Tuesday, motorists reported heavy traffic snarl-ups on all major city roads.
— Ma3Route (@Ma3Route) November 30, 2021


Posted on Thursday, June 01, 2023 08:27 AM
Forest Fire Smoke & Your Health
With active forest fires in North Algoma, Environment Canada has issued a special air quality statement for parts of North Algoma, including Wawa, White River, and Dubreuilville. Smoke plumes from these active fires may result in deteriorated air quality across these areas.
Algoma Public Health (APH) cautions residents that air pollution from wildfire smoke can be harmful to your health and aggravate heart or lung conditions.
Common symptoms of smoke exposure include...
Big Lakes, Big Memories
Welcome to The Municipality of Wawa, One of Ontario's Premier Four Seasons Destinations.


You may (should) remember the volcanic eruptions at Eyjafjallajökull (pronunciation) in Iceland. The volcano spewed lava and sent out a plume of ash several kilometres up in the atmosphere. The lightning produced in the volcanic plume created a spectacular electrical phenomenon known as a dirty thunderstorm. For fear the that the ash may damage aircraft engines, the airspace of many European countries were closed off, leaving travellers stranded. One could not simply fly into Europe.
Air travel was disrupted from April 15th to April 20th and this data visualization shows the northern European airspace during that time.


The boiling points of liquids are usually recorded at sea level, where atmospheric pressure equals 14.7 psia. It is at its boiling point that a liquid will liberate the most vapors: that is, the liquid evaporates at its highest rate at its boiling point.
Molecules in the liquid state have sufficient intermolecular attractions to keep them from flying away from each other onto the gas state, but the intermolecular forces are not strong enough to prevent the molecules form sliding around past each other.
When the heat is applied to a liquid, the temperature of the liquid rises until the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. A pure liquid also may change to a gas at temperature below the boiling point through the process of ‘evaporation’. In the gas state there are essentially no intermolecular interactions. Gaseous molecules are ‘free’ from each other.
What is boiling point?


Windy weather; Advisory predicts gusts up to 45mph Friday
The National Weather Service has issued a Wind Advisory. Gusts up to 45 mph are expected from 10 am to 7pm.
URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE
National Weather Service Seattle WA 3:06 AM PST Fri Feb 3 2023
WIND ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO 7 PM PST THIS EVENING...
* WHAT...South winds 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 45 mph expected. * WHERE...Western Skagit County, Everett and Vicinity, Tacoma Area, Admiralty Inlet Area, Hood Canal Area, Bellevue and Vicinity, Seattle and Vicinity and Bremerton and Vicinity.
* WHEN...From 10 AM this morning to 7 PM PST this evening.
* IMPACTS...Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may result.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle. Secure outdoor objects.