Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
Because of Covid-19 and the potential for Airborne Transmission indoor air quality (IAQ) has been plunged into the forefront of people's minds.
Business leaders are calling on the government to make measuring and monitoring of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) mandatory in the proposed bill – specifically airborne particulates PM2.5 and below, along with CO2 levels and VOCs, which are linked to heart and lung diseases as well as certain cancers
The Building Engineering Services Association (BESA) also proposes that a new bill should contain provision for measures that improve IAQ, such as filter upgrade and replacement, along with ductwork and fan maintenance, and that these must be made mandatory elements of regular service and maintenance programmes in commercial buildings.
This should be accompanied by installing Air Purification technology into AHU's and ductwork and probiotic cleaning products along with monitoring and control of air quality and mechanical ventilation systems.
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring (IAQ) is high on everyone's radar particularly those in multiple occupancy offices and there are many ways that occupants can be alerted to potential problems. IOT technology has made it possible to install small battery operated devices (such as those shown above) quickly easily and unobtrusively.
The data that can be retrieved from just one small unobtrusive device is amazing, including CO/ CO2, VOC, Volatile Organic Compounds, Temp, Humidity, Noise, Light. and these can be reported in various data formats.
There is so much evidence gathered by the medical profession that clearly shows the link between poor air quality and serious health conditions. At the same time, the building engineering sector now has a range of proven techniques that are already making a difference in many buildings.
BESA has also launched a ‘Building Safe Havens’ campaign to promote the idea of indoor clean air zones that protect occupants from the worst impacts of air pollution – reflecting the fact that most people spend an average of 90 per cent of their lives indoors.
Some Facts about air pollution
Air pollution: Particles
Some pollution items, often called PM10 or PM2.5, is composed of little bits of material from all kinds of sources including smoke from fires, exhaust fumes, cigarette smoking or the dust from brake pads on vehicles.
Air pollution: Gases
As well as particles, there are also gases. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) come mostly from burning fuels or other materials, so levels are especially high around roads.
They can also be generated by gas boilers, bonfires and other sources as well. These gases also mix with the air we breathe and are absorbed into our bodies.
Air pollution: Chemicals
Many chemicals can create indoor air pollution, including volatile organic compounds or VOCs. This is the name for a group of chemicals that start as liquids or solids, but disperse into the air easily. You can often tell if things like paints and varnishes contain these chemicals as they can leave a strong smell after use.
Air pollution: Mould
Mould tends to grow in damp places. The damp might be because of leaking pipes or roofs, but can arise from condensation. Condensation often forms in bathrooms from the use of showers or baths without adequate ventilation, in kitchens from washing up and from cooking.
The financial cost of air pollution is similar to that of obesity: air pollution costs the UK £20 billion each year.
Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality
In our workplaces where we spend most of our working lives, its easy to install proven battery powered sensors into the occupied space, that self-connect to a small cellular gateway. The system continuously monitors the air quality and whenever one of the sensors detects a deterioration from pre-agreed parameters, it sends an alert via SMS and email to that action can be taken to correct things.
In addition to these space sensors, we can also install sensors that tells the maintenance company when to change the air filters on the Air Conditioning/Ventilation system.
Full reports can be provided to ensure that Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality can be included in Business Management reports to ensure that Businesses are doing what they can to ensure worker safety.
Get in touch for a quote, simply send us an email


The climate of the planet Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be directly observed in detail.. Today's Venice, Italy water temperature. Marine / ocean climate data updated daily, surface sea temperatures and recorded in degrees centigrade and farenheit Mars in natürlichen Farben, die Daten für das computergenerierte Bild wurden 1999 mit dem Mars Global Surveyor aufgenommen Temperature Plot (top): Air temperature is shown in degrees Celsius, as measured by the Temperature and Wind for InSight (TWINS) instrument USA Iowa Le Mars. Temperature in Le Mars
USA Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Mars. Temperature in Mars Mars follows a highly elliptical orbit, so temperatures vary quite a bit as the planet The temperature of Mars is a minor obstacle to early human exploration, while water is more..
Average surface temperature on Mars is -63º C and can fall to as low as -140º C and However, Mars was not always this cold. Astronomers believe that early in its history.. Mars' magnetosphere went dark about 4 billion years ago when Any future colonization efforts directed at the Mars all share one problem in common; their reliance..
Overall, Mars is cold—its average global temperature is around -80 degrees Fahrenheit—and has a much thinner atmosphere than Earth The temperature on Mars can fluctuate greatly due to the planet's inability to retain heat Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and the second smallest in the solar system Temperature extremes on Mars. by Jason Major, Universe Today. In that way Mars is like an Earthly desert; even after a blisteringly hot day the temperatures can plummet at.. Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted
Atmospheric temperatures are the featured Pathfinder meteorological observations and The temperatures on the two Viking landers, measured at 1.5 meters above the surface.. Mars: Fact or Fiction? Mars gets its name from its color. The temperature and pressure of the planet are so low that water molecules can exist only as ice or as vapour Hi there, Save hours of searching online or wasting money on unnecessary repairs by talking to a 6YA Expert who can help you resolve this issue over the phone in a minute or.. Mars has a thin atmosphere. Mars' thin atmosphere and its greater distance from the sun mean that its colder than Earth The average temperature is about minus 60 degrees.. ..The Temperature On Mars Watch more videos for more knowledge What is the average temperature on Опубликовано: 24 нояб. 2017 г. What Is The Temperature On Mars
Mars' nighttime temperature is extremely cold. Its average daytime temperature is -23 degrees celsius. Mostly all of Mars' atmosphere is carbon dioxide , composition, temperature & gravity of the planets and dwarf planets you can figure out the temperature of Mars. One other question to ask yourself is They could calibrate that temperature that Mars actually was. Here, they're actual data points
Temperatures on Mars soar into the 20s. Granted, low temperatures on Mars drop down to -100°F. That will not be the case in the U.S Sea water temperature forecast and historical data for Mar Menor. During those months, Mar Menor water temperature does not drop below 20°C/68°F What is the temperature 55 km (34.18 miles) beneath the surface of Mars? The reason I ask is that I want to know if it might be habitable for a possible future colony if they could..
Mapa digital com a previsão das temperaturas em Portugal. Previsão das máximas e mínimas para hoje, amanhã e depois de amanhã Venezia Cruises combines modern beauty and comfort with restaurant, bars, elegant dining area and spectacular sundecks. Our ships three decks measure 28m x 6m with a wood and iron design.. High temperature Mars atmosphere. Part II: Transport properties. Authors: Catalfamo C., Bruno D., Colonna G., Laricchiuta A., Capitelli M. Years: 2009 Source Title..
The arctic freeze over the United States this week is producing the kind of frigid temperatures typical for the red planet Similarly, Mars's global average temperature of -16°C, in wind-free conditions, is only 1 Although wind chill on Mars won't be as tough a problem as previously presumed, heat.. Mars. 15th Edition. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Copyright, 1997. The average recorded temperature on Mars is -63 °C (-81 °F) with a maximum temperature of 20 °C.. Today, Mars has a high temperature of minus 14 degrees Fahrenheit and a low of The weather data comes from the Mars rover Curiosity, which has been on the Red Planet for..
The temperature on Earth rarely goes much higher than 100° F (37.8° C), even at the equator, but the temperature on the surface of Venus can exceed 850° F (454° C) The Mars temperature can reach as high as 70 degrees F/20 degrees C and as low as -225 degrees F/-153 degrees C. The atmosphere is so thin that any heat from the sun.. Mars is only about one-half the diameter of Earth, but both planets have The table below compares many of Mars' conditions, specifications and features with those on Earth Most of the Earth still can't compete with the low temperatures found on the red planet
Space. How You'll Die On Mars. Many hopefuls have signed up for a one-way ticket to the red planet. But if they aren't prepared, the trip may be a short one The temperature on Mars ranges between about -125 and 23 Fahrenheit (-87 to -5 Celsius) Surface temperatures on Mars vary from as low as -125C (-195F) near the poles to around 20C (68F) at The highest recorded air temperature on Mars is 35C (95F)
Remember, the average temperature on Mars is roughly -80 degrees Fahrenheit, as compared to The water will turn into ice, due to the freezing temperature of Mars, and.. Knowing the temperature of Mars is crucial to understanding the planet's history — its past climate Because Mars now has an average temperature of -63 degrees Celsius, the..
Venus, Earth, and Mars travel in neighboring orbits around the sun. Temperatures on earth range from a high of perhaps 130 degrees Fahrenheit to about -90 Fahrenheit 19.99 USD. Featuring detailed illustrations of Mars from different angles, this map also contains an abundance of illustrations and information about the planet's physical.. Over the period of a day, Luna's surface temperature gets much warmer and much colder than Mars. On the other hand, due to the bitterly cold temperatures of Mars, a habitat.. Sun Conjunct Mars It's difficult to be indifferent towards people with Sun conjunct Mars in their natal charts. They have presence. There is a courageous air about them, and they.. Temperatures swing by as much as 58 degrees Fahrenheit (32 kelvins) in this odd, twice-a-day pattern on the planet Mars. Learn more on EarthSky
Mars has a relatively well studied climate, going back to measurements made by Viking, and continued with the current series of orbiters, such as the Mars Global Surveyor ..temperature control, the MARS 6 is ready to handle your most difficult samples. on several factors including sample size, sample complexity, and temperature requirements MARS Team exhibiting at ACE19 in Denver. Diversified Products. From versatile Valve Keys and Strainers to Super Tuff Drill Taps and Zinc Caps, MARS has you covered Mars Global Surveyor Measures Martian Surface Temperatures. The temperature was measured by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft
NASA's latest Mars rover, Curiosity, is currently its way to Mars, on a mission to explore Of all the bodies in the solar system, Mars is by far the best candidate. Here's how that.. Temperatura Mare. Temperatura Mare. Viene presentato lo stato termico superficiale dei bacini ricavato dalle misure effettuate dal radiometro SEVIRI del satellite.. Today, Mars is dry, desolate, and cold (with temperatures dropping as low as -225 degrees Fahrenheit). But billions of years ago, the planet was much warmer..
Venus Conjunct Mars - Your relationship with your parents will determine your attitudes towards the opposite sex and marriage for better or worse Mars Cleaner is the best android optimizer if you need an android phone cleaner with junk cleaner How does Mars Cleaner optimize your phone? ✔Cache Cleaner: clean useless.. ..Южной Америки Рекопа Судамерикана CONMEBOL Libertadores U20 Женский Кубок Либертадорес Cuadrangular Internacional - Copa 45 Anos Cuadrangular Vina del Mar Mars' weather is more hospitable too - sure it has occasional global dust storms but its temperature range of 90 to -125 F is much more manageable than Venus' almost 900..
Fiorentina - Venezia. 1:1. (1:0) Hardware installed onto NASA's Mars 2020 entry vehicle this week will help to increase the Science and technology news. MEDLI2 Installation on Mars 2020 Aeroshell Begins Venezia - Modena. 2:1. (2:1)
. Tutti gli eventi di Venezia e Provincia. I più visti. Fantasmi di Venezia: passeggiate serali in laguna, tra miti e leggende paurose 70 av 398 hotell i Venezia og vurdert til 4,5 av 5 på TripAdvisor. Dato for oppholdet: mars 2015. Vurder denne oversettelsen. Forbedre oversettelse There appears to be stronger evidence of a possible ocean on ancient Mars. A recent study indicates that the meteor that created the 75-mile Lomonosov crater m.. Mappa di Venezia con tutti i monumenti, musei e punti d'interesse della città. Organizza il tuo viaggio con la nostra mappa interattiva di Venezia Find information about Venezia Mestre station here. Main attractions near Venezia Mestre train station. Although best known as the mainland of Venice, Mestre is also a pleasant area to visit in its..


|Reduce and Cap Carbon Dioxide from Fossil Fuel Fired Electric Power Generating Facilities (Rev. C17)
|Ended on 4/9/2018
Virginia has always been a leader in protecting and advocating for common sense legislation that preserves the values of a democracy. One of those obvious values is the right of its citizens to be protected. The right to clean air and water is a human right that today needs more government oversight, not less.
When considering carbon dioxide emissions, we need to take into account both carbon's effects on the economy and its impact on public health. Carbon emission increases global warming, which is devastating the economy as a result of increasing more severe weather. Coastal areas are especially susceptible to destruction from global warming. Carbon emission has been linked to heart and lung disease, especially in children and the elderly.
At a time when more countries around the world are making commitments to lower carbon emissions, it is a disgrace that the United States is shirking its responsibility to do the same. Virginia legislators have been role models for our nation from its inception in the 18th Century; now is not the time for Virginia to change that pattern. The only responsible and moral action is to reduce carbon emissions.


Rugao Port Economic Development Zone
| English | 中文 |
It belong to the north
subtropical climate whose four seasons is clear and climate is
very mild, It is rich in rainfall and sunshine and its non-forest
season is relatively long.
Yearly average temperature: 16 degree C.
Non-forest season: 216 Days
Yearly average rainfall: 1050mm
Yearly average rain days: 121 days
Yearly average wind velocity: 3.2M/s


Venice Airport, in cooperation with the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and the Industrial Zone Authority of Porto Marghera (EZ), has promoted a project to monitor the air quality in the area around the village of Tessera and to estimate the emissions contribution made by Marco Polo Airport.
The project, entitled “Monitoring Emissions of Airport Origin”, began in June 2009. The concentrations of the principal atmospheric contaminants are monitored using a mobile monitoring unit owned by Ente Zona Industriale. The results are analysed by a research group at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice.
In addition to monitoring of the principal pollutants, specific campaigns for PM2.5 and PM1 particulate are conducted periodically, again for the purpose of estimating the contribution of emissions of airport origin.
To keep informed about air quality issues, visit the website ambiente.veniceairport.it.


Kolkata: Cyclonic storm Fani, now situated in Odisha about 340 km southwest of Kolkata, has triggered intense rainfall and winds in West Bengal destroying 50 houses in East Midnapore district.
The storm, which made landfall a little after 10 a.m., is likely to enter West Bengal with a wind speed of 90-100 kmph gusting to 115 kmph by Friday midnight or early Saturday, an official said here.
“The intense rainfall and winds have partly destroyed nearly 50 houses. The affected areas include Ramnagar Block 1 and 2, Contai Block, Egra and Nandakumar,” East Midnapore District Magistrate Partha Ghosh told IANS over phone.
He said nearly 22,000 people were moved from their houses to ensure their safety. Most of them have gone to their relatives’ houses. “About 7,000 people are staying in rescue shelters. We have opened 56 rescue shelters,” he added.
According to Ghosh, no casualties have been reported so far. West Midnapore District Magistrate P. Mohan Gandhi mentioned they were assessing the situation and partial damage was reported.
The storm, which has crossed the Odisha coast near Puri, would enter West Bengal as a severe cyclonic storm and the gale would start from Friday evening in the coastal districts, adjacent to neighbouring Odisha, Regional Meteorological Centre’s Deputy Director General Sanjib Bandyopadhyay told reporters.
“Extremely severe cyclone Fani crossed the Odisha coast near Puri with the eye of the storm over land, however over the last hour or so the storm has weakened into a severe cyclonic storm.
“It is currently situated at Dhenkanal, north of Cuttack about 340 km southwest of Kolkata and 200 km southwest of the East Midnapore district sea resort Digha. It will move in north-northeast directions to enter the state but continue to weaken during the next 9 hours,” he said.
According to Bandyopadhyay, the storm would emerge in Gangetic West Bengal as a severe cyclonic storm with wind speed of 90-100 kmph gusting to 115 kmph and the gale will reach maximum velocity around late midnight or early Saturday morning.
He said the storm would further weaken into a cyclonic storm by afternoon or evening on Sunday and move to Bangladesh with a wind speed of 60-70 kmph.
Rainfall between light to moderate and extremely heavy (20 cm) is likely in some places over Kolkata, East and West Midnapore, Jhargaram, North and South 24 Parganas, Howrah and Hooghly districts.
Heavy to very heavy rain (7-20 cm) is also likely at one or two places over Purulia, Bankura, East and West Burdwan, Burbhum, Murshidabad and Nadia districts.
“The outer ring cloud band has already reached the coastal areas of West Bengal and Kolkata, prompting rainfall. The rain intensity will be gradually increasing. As the cyclone comes closer to Bengal it will have a speed of 80-100 kmph,” weatherman J.K. Mukhopadhyay said.
All precautionary measures like flight cancellation at airports, cancellation of trains and water transport services have been taken.
The Director General of Civil Aviation has issued a revised advisory to all airlines to discontinue flight operations from Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport between Friday 3 p.m. and Saturday 8 a.m.
In the Shalimar Railway yard, the trains have been tied with heavy chains as a precautionary measure.
In order to tackle any emergency situation, six teams of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) have been deployed in Jhargram district’s Sankrail, West Medinipur’s Narayangarh Block, in Ramnagar of East Medinipur district, Kakdwip in South 24 Parganas, Dhamakhali and Hasnabad in North 24 Parganas district.
The state government and the Kolkata Municipal Corporation are shifting people living in low lying areas to safer places.
The Kolkata Municipal Corporation also has formed a team comprising the state Police and Disaster Management Authority officials to monitor the measures being initiated.
A toll-free helpline number 1070 is also being circulated for assistance.
Published on: May 3, 2019 at 18:36 IST


The hurricane season begins in June and ends in November in the US and judging by recent history, and by the domain names registered in 2013, some people are expecting (or hoping for?) at least one of the storms to be memorable.
The first tropical storm in 2013 will be named Andrea, followed by Barry and Chantal to complete the first three. The US National Hurricane Center recycles storm names every 6 years and the full list of names for storms to hit in 2013 is listed on their website.
According to TasteReports.com, from October 28 to 31, 2012, when hurricane Sandy was at its strongest, 456 domain names with the keyword “hurricane” were registered. That’s no coincidence. In 2013, months before the hurricane season even starts, people have already registered all 21 hurricane + name.com combinations from the above National Hurricane Center names list.
I don’t have anything against people speculating on news events and registering domain names in order to make a quick buck – the recent craze for Pope domain names springs to mind. But speculating on tragedy to make money? Thousands of human lives are lost every year to tropical storms! Thousands of other people lose their homes and livelihoods every year in the same storms.
People are resorting to buying up every possible combination of HurricaneWhatever in the anticipation of one of those storms being more horrible and deadly than any other storm in recent history, in order to “hit the jackpot”. Is that really necessary?


This article is about the top 10 States with the hottest temperatures in Nigeria today. Our country, Nigeria, is located in the tropics, so we naturally have a hot climate, but there are some States in the federation that are hotter than others, and we will discuss which ones rate as the hottest among the others as we proceed.
It is common to hear people inquire about which of the States in the federation is the hottest in terms of temperature, despite the fact that all of Nigeria’s 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja have varying temperatures throughout the year. As funny as it may sound, some of Nigeria’s tropical States are actually quite cool.
As many people believe their State deserves the title outright, questions about the hottest States in Nigeria today have sparked many debates about which specific States in the country are actually deserving of the moniker “Hottest State in Nigeria”. However, as you will see in a moment, we will give you the answers to which States in the nation are very hot and stand out from the rest in terms of temperature.
There are times when many Nigerians in different States wish to think that their State has the highest average temperature. Through our research, which is based on worlddata.info, we have taken the time to provide a detailed figure of the ten hottest States in Nigeria in terms of maximum (daytime) temperatures each year. We think this should be sufficient enough to help you realize that some of the States you previously thought of as the hottest are nothing in comparison to what the hottest State in Nigeria actually is.
Without further ado, let us take a detailed look at the information on which States in Nigeria have the highest temperatures. We will provide the temperature readings in degrees Celsius (°C), which is the SI unit of measurement that we primarily use in Nigeria.
TOP 10 HOTTEST STATES IN NIGERIA BY TEMPERATURE 2023
The following are the 10 hottest States in Nigeria by temperature this 2023:
YOBE STATE (AVERAGE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE: 36.9°C)
The hottest State in Nigeria today is Yobe, with an average daily temperature of 36.9°C. Yobe State lies in North-Eastern Nigeria, where it is constantly warm or hot. Yobe is undoubtedly the hottest State in Nigeria, which may surprise some people, but the numbers do not lie. This should eliminate any confusion about which Nigerian State is currently the hottest.
BORNO STATE (AVERAGE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE: 36.8°C)
With an average daily maximum temperature of 36.8°C, Borno State is the second hottest State in Nigeria. The weather of Borno State, which is located in the North-Eastern part of the country, is hot and humid for a few months out of the year. The best time to travel is from October to May because this region of Nigeria experiences less rain than other parts of the country.
SOKOTO STATE (AVERAGE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE: 36.8°C)
With an average daily temperature of 36.8°C, very comparable to that of Borno State, Sokoto State, in the North-Western region of Nigeria, ranks as the third hottest State in the country today. Sokoto, one of the Northern States in Nigeria like Borno State, experiences little to no rain occasionally and year-round heat.
KEBBI STATE (HIGHEST AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 36.2°C)
Kebbi State, with an average daily temperature of 36.8°C, is currently the fourth hottest State in Nigeria. Kebbi, which lies in the Northern part of the country directly after Sokoto State, is extremely hot and has minimal annual rainfall.
JIGAWA STATE (HIGHEST AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 35.8°C)
Jigawa State currently ranks as the fifth hottest State in Nigeria, with an average daily temperature of 35.8°C. Jigawa is another northern State, and the fact that it made this list is hardly surprising given how hot most of the northern States are. Jigawa, like the majority of Nigeria’s northern States, has high temperatures all year long.
KATSINA STATE (HIGHEST AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 35.4°C)
With an average maximum temperature of 35.4°C, Katsina State ranks sixth among the hottest States in Nigeria. In the dry season, it can get very hot in Katsina State, which is in the country’s North-Western region.
KADUNA STATE (HIGHEST AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 33.5°C)
Kaduna State is currently Nigeria’s seventh warmest State. 33.5°C is the typical daily temperature there. Between May and October, Kaduna experiences little rain and year-round heat.
NIGER STATE (HIGHEST AVERAGE TEMPERATURE: 33.5°C)
The average daily temperature in Niger State, which is the eighth hottest State in Nigeria with a 33.5°C maximum, is comparable to Kaduna’s. The largest State in Nigeria by land mass, Niger State is the centre of Nupeland. The State is hot all year long, like every other northern State in the country, however it does occasionally rain.
KANO STATE (AVERAGE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE: 33.3°C)
Kano State, with an average daily temperature of 33.3°C, is the ninth hottest State in Nigeria. Contrary to popular belief, it is not the State with the highest average temperature in the country. Kano has a hot environment all year round, however during the dry season it is more tolerable than the other States we have listed above.
TARABA STATE (AVERAGE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE: 33.0°C)
Surprisingly, Taraba State rounds out this list. It ranks as Nigeria’s tenth warmest State. Because of the Mambilla Plateau, Taraba can easily be considered one of Nigeria’s coolest States, while having high temperatures year-round in other parts of the State.
It will surprise many people to know that Abuja and Lagos are not among Nigeria’s top 10 States with the hottest temperatures. This does not imply that they are not hot at all because both at 31.5°C and 31.4°C are only somewhat outside the top 10. Abuja and Lagos do not compare to the heat experienced in the far North, however, since rivalry for the title of Nigeria’s hottest State is extremely fierce.


- Is the sun black?
- Which color is good for eyes?
- What color of blue is the sky?
- Why do clouds look fluffy?
- Is the sky blue because of the ocean?
- Why does sky look blue and clouds look white?
- What is sky blue called?
- Why do clouds float?
- What is the true color of blood?
- Is our sun blue?
- Why the sea is blue?
- What does it mean if the sky is purple?
- Why is the sky yellow today 2020?
- Is sky blue and baby blue the same?
- Why is the sky blue in Colour Wikipedia?
- What is the true color of the sky?
- Why is the sky blue for kids?
- Why do clouds turn GREY?
Is the sun black?
The Sun, with an effective temperature of approximately 5800 K, is an approximate black body with an emission spectrum peaked in the central, yellow-green part of the visible spectrum, but with significant power in the ultraviolet as well..
Which color is good for eyes?
Green, the mixture of blue and yellow, can be seen everywhere and in countless shades. In fact, the human eye sees green better than any color in the spectrum.
What color of blue is the sky?
AzureAzure (/ˈæʒər, ˈeɪʒər/ AZH-ər, AY-zhər) is a bright, cyan-blue color named after the rock azurite. It is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day. On the RGB color wheel, “azure” (hexadecimal #007FFF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan.
Why do clouds look fluffy?
“When we see grey clouds, they have a large concentration of water droplets,” says Associate Professor Lane. … “If you look at grey thunderclouds from above, say from an aeroplane window, they are white and fluffy because the tiny ice particles and water droplets reflect light back to you in the aeroplane.”
Is the sky blue because of the ocean?
“The ocean looks blue because red, orange and yellow (long wavelength light) are absorbed more strongly by water than is blue (short wavelength light). So when white light from the sun enters the ocean, it is mostly the blue that gets returned. Same reason the sky is blue.”
Why does sky look blue and clouds look white?
But in a cloud, sunlight is scattered by much larger water droplets. These scatter all colours almost equally meaning that the sunlight continues to remain white and so making the clouds appear white against the background of the blue sky.
What is sky blue called?
▲ Of the color of blue, being the color of the sky or sea. blue. azure. cerulean.
Why do clouds float?
Clouds form when warm wet air rises and condenses in cold air. … Water droplets in air behave the same way as dust6. The second reason that clouds can float in the air is that there is a constant flow of warm air rising to meet the cloud: the warm air pushes up on the cloud and keeps it afloat.
What is the true color of blood?
The veins you can see through your skin look blue because of the way that your skin and veins absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light. While the shade of red may vary depending on how much oxygen your red blood cells are carrying, your blood is red, both outside and inside your body.
Is our sun blue?
So one might say that the sun is blue-green! This maximum radiation frequency is governed by the sun’s surface temperature, around 5,800K. A higher surface temperature would result in a shorter maximum wavelength and our sun might peak in the blue or violet part of the spectrum (or even the ultra violet!).
Why the sea is blue?
The ocean is blue because water absorbs colors in the red part of the light spectrum. Like a filter, this leaves behind colors in the blue part of the light spectrum for us to see. The ocean may also take on green, red, or other hues as light bounces off of floating sediments and particles in the water.
What does it mean if the sky is purple?
In the air scattering of light by molecules of oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere makes the sky blue. But the magical purple colour from hurricanes and typhoons can form when the air is super-saturated with moisture and the storm clouds (and often the sun as well) hang low in the sky.
Why is the sky yellow today 2020?
A yellow sky often indicates there is a winter storm brewing during a relatively warm day. The glow is an atmospheric effect, a result of how the sun is filtering through particular clouds. … Shorter wavelengths of light (blue) are scattered quickly, leaving only the yellow-orange-red end of the spectrum.
Is sky blue and baby blue the same?
The web color light blue is displayed in the color box at right. Variations of this color are known as sky blue, baby blue, or angel blue.
Why is the sky blue in Colour Wikipedia?
Because its wavelengths are shorter, blue light is more strongly scattered than the longer-wavelength lights, red or green. Hence the result that when looking at the sky away from the direct incident sunlight, the human eye perceives the sky to be blue.
What is the true color of the sky?
Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth’s atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time. Closer to the horizon, the sky fades to a lighter blue or white.
Why is the sky blue for kids?
The sky is blue because the air scatters blue light from the Sun across the sky and down to our eyes. … Nitrogen molecules scatter blue light more than they do the other colors. So a little bit of blue light bounces around in the sky and then enters our eyes. That makes the sky look blue.
Why do clouds turn GREY?
When clouds are thin, they let a large portion of the light through and appear white. But like any objects that transmit light, the thicker they are, the less light makes it through. As their thickness increases, the bottoms of clouds look darker but still scatter all colors. We perceive this as gray.


WebJul 21, · As US heat wave spreads, Arizona counts the dead: 18 confirmed, dozens more suspected. The heat wave that has been plaguing huge stretches of the southern . WebAccording to a recent YouGov poll, apps are the number one source for weather information among Americans, used by 53% of people. A report by market research . WebJul 19, · Tech Checklist: These tech tools and apps can help you through major weather moments — sometimes, even when power and cell service are shaky. Flood .
AccuWeather: Best for Short-Term and Long-Term Forecasts · Weather Underground: Best for Tracking Specific Conditions · Storm Radar: Best for Tornado and. The Met Office weather app gives you world-leading weather forecasts direct from the Met Office experts. Know what the weather will do with the most. Weather Underground collects data from a wide range of sources and claims that it has over , weather stations that provide its data. The app is very. Download vizbor80.ru's weather app and get hyper accurate and specific weather information to better plan your day, avoiding wet shoes, wet dogs. Deep Weather gives you a deeper understanding of your weather forecast than most other weather apps. Deep Weather provides detailed, accurate, authoritative. The meteoblue App for Android smartphones shows high precision weather forecasts in a beautiful, simple and easy to use design. Weather forecasts can be.
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WebFeb 9, · This weather app shows the current weather, the forecast for today, and for 9 days ahead. Details such as wind speed, pressure, day length, and moon phase are available. Another strong point is the number of languages available: 26 languages. Multiple live tiles automatically update the forecasts on the Start screen so that you don’t have to. WebJan 25, · 4. FlowX: Weather Map Forecast (*) Flowx is a great app to fetch global as well as local services to get the most accurate weather reports. For the premium user, you can customize maps, graphs, widgets, etc. Flowx is for everyone for fishing, sailing, cycling, surfing, hiking, cycling, or storm tracking. WebWant a minute-by-minute forecast? MSN Weather tracks it all, from precipitation predictions to severe weather warnings, air quality updates, and even wildfire alerts. Weather App. Current. WebDec 6, · 5. AccuWeather: Weather Forecast news & Live Radar. If you want to try one of the best weather channel apps for Android with a live radar facility, then try this app. It is AccuWeather. Well, this one has also come with almost all the features a competitive weather app should possess. AdFind deals and compare prices on wifi weather stations at vizbor80.ru Browse & discover thousands of brands. Read customer reviews & find best sellers. AdThe top weather apps online. Free download. Fast & secure. Here is the Weather app that everyone is using. Get one on your phone! AdConvenient Products Delivering Unmatched Weather Data, Atomic Time & Innovative Features. Every Product Is Designed, Developed, Tested & Used By Our Team Of Weather Enthusiasts. AdCheck the Features, Pros & Cons for Weather App before You Download. You will find answers of your questions about Weather in Appconner.
Who needs TV weather anchors when you've got one sitting in your pocket? · Weather Live™ · eWeather/Weather, Radar, Alerts, Quakes · Musical Clock – Weather. A New Way To Get Long-Range Forecasts FOX Weather's exclusive long-range planning tool lets you track and monitor the weather nearly a year in advance! For. The Weather app from ScreenCloud allows you to display accurate weather forecasts for up to three cities in one screen display. Choose your location(s). WebJul 5, · AccuWeather is a beast, and is often a Top 10 most downloaded weather app in app stores. It’s perfect for anyone planning to travel soon, work outside, go running, have a picnic, etc. There are two reasons for this: it shows a long, day forecast plus a 4-hour, minute-by-minute forecast. This is one of the very first apps I always install. WebJul 6, · Download the AccuWeather app today for free and enjoy award-winning Superior Accuracy in weather forecasting on your Android mobile, tablet, TV, and WearOS. More than just a daily forecast, try the. WebJun 5, · Best Products Mobile Apps The Best Weather Apps You can't control whether the sun is shining, the rain is pouring, or the wind is howling, but these useful Android and iOS apps can help you. WebDec 16, · 02 of 06 Best Android Weather App: YoWindow The YoWindow weather app on Android features dynamic animated backgrounds. RepKa Soft What We Like Completely free weather app for Android tablet and phone users. Beautiful animations that reflect location and weather conditions. What We Don't Like YoWindow's art style won't .
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WebGet The Weather Network's weather apps on your PC, Mac, Mobile such as iPhone, Android, Blackberry and Tablet such as iPad, android devices. Instant access to local weather and alerts, free. WebJul 17, · Fifty per cent of US smartphone users regularly use weather apps; according to Statista, weather apps will make approximately $bn in revenue in , a leap from $m in WebThe Met Office weather app gives you the most accurate world-leading global weather forecasts, with coverage from 1 hour to 7 days ahead. Winner of two awards in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) International Weather App Awards for specialised app / weather warnings and for our public weather forecasts, including usefulness, . The Weather Channel and vizbor80.ru provide a national and local weather forecast for cities, as well as weather radar, report and hurricane coverage. The Weather Channel The Weather Channel's app continues to be one of our top radar apps for , and in our opinion, it's the best actual mobile weather app. Dark Sky · AccuWeather · CARROT Weather · The Weather Channel · NOAA Weather Radar – HD Radar & Weather Forecast · Weather Live Free · Plume Labs · WeatherBug.
WebThe NOAA Radar and Weather Forecast app offers you the best radar map available on the store with more than 35 real-time and hyper accurate weather layers to choose from in order to plan your perfect day, week or vacation. There is no reason for the weather to surprise you anymore, with up to 12 hours of weather layers forecast. WebMay 12, · Weather forecast app is a weather channel let you manage weather of many locations. On home screen, users see weather of their locations. Then users can go to other screens for location management. Users can add London weather, Paris weather, San Francisco weather, Houston weather. Weather app detects weather forecasts in . WebJun 30, · Weather Forecast is a good 👍 app. Their website has given more accurate information on the weather where I live than the television station news weather I used to watch. I do recommend this 👌 app, especially for those who live in places where their weather on the t.v. rarely mention their areas. The Weather Channel is the World's Most Accurate Forecaster**. With extreme weather on the rise, prepare yourself for storms, hurricanes & wildfires. The Best Weather Apps · AccuWeather · Carrot Weather · Flowx · MyRadar Weather Radar · NOAA Weather Radar Live. vizbor80.ru is a professional weather app, created for water and wind sports: sailing, surfing, fishing, and etc. Get detailed weather forecast, live world. WebJul 5, · 2) AccuWeather An app that most Android users are familiar with, AccuWeather is offered by default on a number of Android smartphones. It’s highly data-driven, and in addition to getting weather. Web2) 1Weather. 1Weather App is one of the most popular and highly-rated weather forecast apps. It comes with the basic features of daily and hourly forecasts and has access to additional information. The app tracks weather for up to 12 cities, has support for 25 languages and has Android wear support. The free version includes all the features. WebJan 3, · 5. NOAA Radar & Weather Forecast. For users in the United States, an appealing app may be NOAA Radar & Weather Forecast. The app uses rich weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric.
WebAccording to a recent YouGov poll, apps are the number one source for weather information among Americans, used by 53% of people. A report by market research . WebJul 19, · Tech Checklist: These tech tools and apps can help you through major weather moments — sometimes, even when power and cell service are shaky. Flood . Web14 hours ago · In fact, Western New York should be near 90 for Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. It is expected that this heat, in concert with much higher amounts of . WebJul 17, · AccuWeather More detailed hourly forecasts See at AccuWeather See at Carrot Weather Carrot Weather Weather with personality See at Carrot Weather See at WeatherBug WeatherBug For. WebMay 22, · Forecastle: Forecast now, hourly forecast and daily forecast app Widgets for Android: The weather radar widget free and clock widget weather with beautiful style. Weather map, weather radar map. WebMar 2, · 1Weather Accuweather Appy Weather Geometric Weather Google Feed MyRadar Weather Radar NOAA Weather Overdrop Today Weather WeatherBug The Weather Channel What The Forecast?!! Yahoo. Windy/Windity Windy (also known as Windyty) brings weather forecasts to life with its weather forecast visualization. This app is trusted by pilots, skydivers. The Weather & Radar App has everything you need to know about current weather conditions, as well as the forecast for the next hours, days and a day. Download the desktop and mobile apps to get the most precise weather forecasts from weather stations in your neighborhood. Mobile Apps: Builder Studio lets you build native weather apps for mobile platforms (iOS and Android) without writing code. Build your own weather apps for iOS.


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Alcom electronics appreciates the potential business relationship between our parties. Thank you! We want to make sure we address only the mailings that are valuable to you.
But what exactly is fresh air?
Fresh air is typically defined as cool, unpolluted air in natural surroundings. But as there is no agreed parametric definition of what fresh air is, how can you determine if the air indoors is really fresh?
Gas Sensing Solutions the specialists in CO2 sensing. GSS its in-house engineering and technical teams have many years’ experience in solid-state carbon dioxide gas sensor development.


Sensors / Air Quality Egg
After a successful Kickstarter project where backers exceeded the group’s funding goal by $100,000, Air Quality Egg is one of the early citizen science projects working on pollution sensing. The point is “working toward a better understanding of the air we breathe,” said Albert Chao, one of the developers of the project, and the approach the group is using is “both scientific and social.”
The compact sensor, which resembles—you guessed it—an egg, gathers high resolution readings of temperature, humidity, nitron dioxide and carbon monoxide from wherever you place it. The developers came up with the project in open collaboration with others. They’re interested, Chao said, in building communities that better understand data afterwards.


Roughly one in eight people die because of the world’s largest environmental health risk, which is directly related to how much you drive.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a new report that claims that 7 million people died in 2012 as a result of air pollution exposure, while one in every eight deaths worldwide can be linked to breathing polluted air. “Reducing air pollution could save millions of lives,” says the WHO, which has now categorized air pollution as the world’s largest single environmental health risk.
New data has revealed a stronger link between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases, such as a stroke, heart attack or even cancer. Add on the already known affects that air pollution has in the development of respiratory diseases, and the effects of air pollution need to be taken seriously.
This report should help organizations such as the California Air Resources Board (CARB) achieve new sanctions on gasoline-powered cars, while also promoting the use of electric vehicles.
In terms of locations, low- and middle-income families in the Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions has the worst pollution to deal with in 2012, with a total of 3.3 million deaths linked to air pollution. The west is not immune however, as just last week, Paris had to implement a ban on almost half of its car due to emergency levels of air pollution.


|Tuesday, June 01|
Forecasting increase in irrigation water demand under different climate change scenarios (Case Study: Quebec City, Canada)
* Hossein Bonakdari, Laval Univeristy, Canada
Hamid Golabi, Canada
Bahram Gharabaghi, Canada
One of the important adverse effects of global climate warming is the increase in agricultural water demand, due to higher evapotranspiration, which causes severe challenges for already stressed freshwater water resources. The crop evapotranspiration is a crucial parameter for the crop yield simulation and the optimization of the irrigation water system design and operation. The present study investigates the potential effects of climate change on reference evapotranspiration (ET0) through an assessment of the precipitation deficit (PD) and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) under different climate change scenarios in Quebec City, Canada. The observational data of daily temperature and precipitation for the period 1961-1995 in metrological Jean Lesage International Airport climatological station were used to investigate the effect of climate change on ET0, PD, and VPD. To perform this analysis, the CanESM2 climate model was used under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios and using a hybrid regression/weather-generator model, minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), mean temperature (Tmean) and precipitation (P) for the periods 2021-20501 and 2051-2080 were projected. Then, using projected variables, ET0, PD, and VPD were calculated and compared with corresponding values 1961-1995. This study showed that temperatures would increase in both periods, and this increase is more in winter and spring seasons. Precipitation will increase in all seasons relative to the base period. ET0 and VPD are similar to temperatures in both periods, and this increase is higher in spring. Overall, these results show that the area's climate will become warmer and drier in the coming years. On the other hand, the increase in temperature will result in a decrease in snowfall and will reduce the storage and supply of water to the area through the gradual melting of snow in mountainous regions. Reduced snowfall results in increased heavy precipitation and floods, and leaching of fertile soils. Due to reduced precipitation and increased ETo in the spring, agricultural sectors will demand significantly more water. Therefore, to adapt to these changes in the future, managers should take the necessary measures to reduce the consequences and adapt to the new climate.


MAIA: Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols
ABOUT THE MISSION
Currently in development, MAIA uses a twin-camera instrument that will make radiometric and polarimetric measurements needed to characterize the sizes, compositions and quantities of particulate matter in air pollution.
As part of the MAIA investigation, researchers will combine MAIA measurements with population health records to better understand the connections between aerosol pollutants and health problems such as adverse birth outcomes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and premature deaths.
– The MAIA instrument measures the radiance and polarization of sunlight scattered by atmospheric aerosols from which the abundance and characteristics of ground-level particulate matter (PM) are derived.
The instrument contains two pushbroom spectropolarimetric cameras on a two-axis gimbal for multiangle viewing
– frequent target revisits and inflight calibration.
Launch Date: To be determined
Destination: Earth Orbit
› High resolution image
› News Release
› ESSP Program website
› Earth Observatory
› Sedac website
› Climate website
› Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols: A Satellite Investigation to Benefit Public Health (PDF) @ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/web/MAIA_Liu&Diner_PublicHealthReports.pdf
Reblogged from source @ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/multi-angle-imager-for-aerosols-maia/


Nasa is planning a mission to study the moon's fragile atmosphere nasa mission to study the moon's that same volume of the moon's exosphere contains. Climate change, global climate change, global warming, natural hazards, earth, environment, remote sensing, atmosphere, land processes, oceans, volcanoes, land cover, earth science data. The exosphere is almost a vacuum image courtesy nasa exosphere layers of earth's atmosphere temperature in the exosphere the exosphere is almost a vacuum. Missions strofio overview: together they will investigate the complex particle environment that surrounds mercury called the “exosphere” nasa safety. Earth's moon does not have a conventional gaseous atmosphere, but instead an “exosphere” of particles ejected from the surface colaprete et al have used nasa's ladee orbiter to investigate. Mercury fact sheet mercury/earth comparison (kr), neon (ne), helium (he) (the atmosphere of mercury is a surface bounded exosphere nasa official: ed.
The exosphere is one of the layers of the earth's atmosphere check out this lesson to learn the details that define it, such as location and. Nasa launches another satellite into the _____ troposphere stratosphere mesosphere exosphere - 1427644. This lesson helps students learn about the hydrosphere by making observations and collecting data this website, presented by nasa’s global precipitation measurement (gpm) mission, provides. The exosphere (ancient greek: (ladee) spacecraft, nasa scientists reported the detection of neon in the exosphere of the moon. With the discovery of significant ice deposits at the moon's poles by nasa's lunar crater down to the ground is a surface boundary exosphere.
Moonnasagov is nasa's deep dive resource for lunar exploration from astronauts to robots. Exploring exoplanets with kepler “when mercury is in front of the sun, we can study the exosphere close to the planet,” said nasa scientist rosemary killen.
The fifth largest moon in the solar system, earth's moon is the only place beyond earth where humans have set foot. Researchers are puzzling over a sharper-than-expected collapse of earth's upper atmosphere during the deep solar nasa-funded researchers are monitoring a big.
Planetary researchers have long thought that the dwarf planet ceres may have a temporary, thin atmosphere (an exosphere), but mysteries lingered about its origin and why it’s not always.
How the moon gets its exosphere date: january 2, 2010 source: american geophysical union summary: several decades ago scientists discovered that the moon, long thought to have no atmosphere. (nasa goddard space a resemblance to the interaction between the solar wind and venus is shown for the case of ion pickup in the ion exosphere outside. Nasa’s real-time encyclopedia of the robotic exploration of our solar system was designed to study the moon's thin exosphere and the lunar dust environment. The temperature of the exosphere cannot be specified this is because the exosphere layer of the atmosphere is almost a vacuum the thickness of the air is negligible. The exosphere is the outermost layer of earth's atmosphere although it is thin, it absorbs radiation that the sun gives off, shielding the layers of the atmosphere. Artist’s concept of nasa’s lunar atmosphere and dust environment explorer (ladee) spacecraft in orbit above the moon image credits: nasa ames / dana berry the presence of neon in the. The lunar atmosphere and dust environment explorer nasa ames was responsible for the analysis revealed an increase in sodium in the exosphere in.
Be the exposure to solar wind plasma of even the equatorial dayside surface region at the time of the third flyby as inferred by messenger. Impact vaporization as a possible source of mercury's hahn j impact vaporization as a possible source of mercury's calcium exosphere nasa official: robin. Image courtesy of nasa the exosphere the thermosphere is directly above the mesosphere and below the exosphere it extends from about 90 km (56 miles. Artist’s concept of nasa’s lunar atmosphere and dust “the presence of neon in the exosphere of the moon has been a subject of speculation since.


Why Think Green?
Global warming has become a more prominent factor when choosing what to buy. Consumers are thinking about the environmental factors & greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the cost & quality factors.
Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere, most being natural with some being man-made. This rise is caused by the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.
Heat energy on Earth comes from the Sun, producing solar radiation. Some of this radiation is reflected back off the Earth, into space. A small amount is absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour are the four main greenhouse gases, which occur naturally, but also can be caused by human activity. Industrial, transportational, agricultural, housing and deforestation are some activities that cause significant increases in these greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide.
The increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere means that they are able to retain a greater amount of heat energy. Heat from the Sun is a short wavelength, which is intense and energetic. This is absorbed by the Earth and when radiated back out, it is now cooler than the Sun, making it a longer wavelength. This new wavelength is the same as that of the greenhouse gases, therefore the gases can absorb the heat. This causes the Earth’s atmosphere to warm up and consequently causes the climate to change, producing effects such as rises in sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, species extinctions and decreases in crop yields.
Most electricity is generated by the burning of fossil fuels, which greatly produces carbon dioxide and therefore much of Australia’s electricity production uses methods that generate greenhouse gases. Australian households produce an average of 18 tonnes of greenhouse gases per year, which is about one fifth of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions. Roughly 15% of those emissions come from lighting. By switching your lighting to LED lighting, you will be saving on the electricity used to run them, as well as reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions being released.
LED lights use less energy than standard lighting, such as Halogens, Metal Halides and Incandescents. They have a common lifespan of 35,000-50,000 hours, lasting for many years and therefore reducing landfill waste. These factors greatly reduce the amount of greenhouse gases being produced and so are a much more environmentally friendly option, when it comes to lighting.
Why Think Orange?
Taking the step from Thinking Green, understanding what and why we need to move towards a greener future, to Thinking Orange, buying environmentally friendly lighting, can be daunting to some people. Many consumers have been apprehensive about joining the LED revolution, through uncertainty on energy efficiency, performance and reliability, or just not wanting to move forward out of the norm.
The cost of changing to LED lighting is a common reason why consumers are hesitant to invest their money. Upfront costs of LED lighting may be more expensive, but the annual savings far outweigh the initial investment. LED lighting produces significantly less energy than that of halogen, incandescent and even compact fluorescent lights. Less energy results in less greenhouse gas emissions, as well as much lower electricity bills. Long lifespans of LEDs means you don’t need to change your lights or throw out old lights very often, decreasing landfill waste. LED lights also contain their own cooling system, to reduce the amount of heat floating around the surrounding air. This means that air conditioning systems will be using less energy and therefore producing less greenhouse gases. On top of that, production and manufacturing of lighting will decrease, resulting in lower greenhouse gas emissions from these processes.
To find a quality LED product and to ensure peace of mind, knowing it is a superior fitting and will last, there are many factors to consider:
- LED chips come in many different forms, some are top of the range, while some are not. Knowing the manufacturer of the LED chip used can assist in knowing the quality of the product.
- The luminous efficacy, or effectiveness of the light source, is another important factor. Comparing the lumens per watt ratio will give you an idea of the quality of the product.
- CRI, or Colour Rendering Index, is important for choosing the best product for a job. CRI values relate a source to how close to a natural or ideal light it is. The higher the CRI value, the more accurate to natural viewing the light output is.
- The lifespan of a product will also determine how good a product is, giving security as well.
- Depending on the type of product, IP ratings can come into play. IP ratings determine how weatherproof and how durable in particular conditions a product is.


Small move makes big difference
By MIKE CORN
By MIKE CORN
There's just something about Kansas weather that makes it so unique.
That's why timing is everything when it comes to keeping weather records, especially when some of them date back nearly 150 years -- back when the focus was on fighting Indians as the frontier was being opened.
Today, the focus at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center, where records are maintained, is on agricultural research -- boosting the performance of wheat, milo or cattle.
In 1868, when the first precipitation records started being kept, Fort Hays then was garrisoned by soldiers, whose duty it was to keep the Smoky Hill Trail and the Kansas Pacific Railway safe from Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian attacks.
That's a long way of saying even the slightest change will alter history, at least as far as weather records are concerned.
Slight changes made early this month as a result of new personnel at the research center resulted in temperatures and rainfall totals being tied to the day the readings were taken.
In the past, readings have been date-corrected to reflect when highs and lows actually occurred.
As a result, some of the new records recorded in July went down in the record books on the wrong day.
They've since been corrected.
For example, record low highs were recorded two days in July -- when daytime temperatures cooled dramatically -- on July 16 and 17.
They had been plugged in on the days the readings were taken.
At the research center, reading are taken at 9 a.m. when daylight savings time is in effect, and at 8 a.m. when standard time returns.
This year, lows of 62 on July 16 set a new record, while the 65-degree reading the next day also set a new record.
Not only were those records corrected, but new records were determined.
On July 15, for example, the low of 50 degrees broke the old record of 53 degrees set in 1927.
Also, on July 17, the 8 a.m. reading of 57 degrees -- not a new record as far as lows are concerned -- was a new low as far as the 9 a.m. readings are concerned.
Shifting the temperatures made slight changes in average temperatures for the month.
The average high for July changed to 88 degrees, up only slightly. That's nearly 5 degrees less than normal.
While the average low didn't change at all, the mean dropped by a tenth of 1 degree to 75.9 degrees -- 3.4 degrees below normal.


The Devastating Impact of Climate Change on Global Health
As the Earth’s climate continues to shift, the impact on human health is becoming increasingly apparent. From extreme weather events to the spread of infectious diseases, the global population is feeling the effects of a planet in distress. In this article, we will explore the ways in which climate change is contributing to the overall decline in human well-being and what can be done to address these growing threats. Join us as we delve into the intersection of environmental and public health, and uncover the connections between a changing climate and a sick world.
Rising Temperatures and Air Pollution: A Deadly Combination
The increase in global temperatures due to climate change has resulted in a surge of air pollution, leading to a deadly combination that is making the world sick. The rising temperatures and air pollution are exacerbating respiratory illnesses, causing cardiovascular problems, and even leading to premature deaths.
Here are some concerning impacts of this deadly combination:
- Increased Heatwaves: Rising temperatures are leading to more frequent and intense heatwaves, which can worsen air quality and increase the level of air pollutants.
- Worsening Air Quality: Higher temperatures can increase the formation of ground-level ozone and other hazardous air pollutants, leading to respiratory issues such as asthma and bronchitis.
- Health Impacts: The combination of rising temperatures and air pollution is exacerbating health problems, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions.
|Worsened air quality and higher levels of air pollutants
|Worsening Air Quality
|Higher risk of respiratory illnesses
|Exacerbated health problems for vulnerable populations
The Impact on Human Health and Well-being
Climate change is having a profound impact on the health and well-being of humans all around the world. From extreme weather events to the spread of infectious diseases, the effects of climate change are wide-ranging and complex. One of the most immediate and visible impacts of climate change on human health is the increase in extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods. These events can cause physical injuries and even death, as well as mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Another major issue is the spread of infectious diseases, as changing climate patterns create more favorable conditions for disease-carrying vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. This has led to the spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Lyme disease into new areas, putting more people at risk of infection. In addition to physical health concerns, climate change also has a significant impact on mental health, as people grapple with the loss of homes, livelihoods, and communities due to extreme weather events and environmental degradation.
Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies: A Call to Action
Climate change is not just a distant threat – it’s already having a profound impact on our health. From rising temperatures and extreme weather events to the spread of infectious diseases, the effects of climate change are being felt in every corner of the globe. It’s time to take action to address the root causes of climate change and implement adaptation and mitigation strategies to protect our health and well-being.
Here are a few ways that climate change is making the world sick:
- Increasing temperatures are leading to more heat-related illnesses and deaths.
- Changes in weather patterns are causing more frequent and severe natural disasters, leading to injuries, displacement, and mental health issues.
- The spread of infectious diseases is being fueled by warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns.
In conclusion, the effects of climate change on our planet and its inhabitants cannot be ignored any longer. From devastating natural disasters to the spread of diseases and illnesses, it is clear that our world is suffering from the consequences of our actions. It is up to each and every one of us to take responsibility and make effective changes in our daily lives to combat the harmful effects of climate change. Let us work together to preserve the health and well-being of our planet, and in turn, safeguard the health of future generations. Let us act now, before it’s too late. Because as the saying goes, “There is no planet B”. Thank you for reading.


Adjective(1) relating to or located in the atmosphere
(1) Theatre doesn't get more atmospheric than this show, which uses shadows, strobes and fireworks to terrific effect.(2) Sure, it is atmospheric but it is also intensely predictable.(3) He also says the development would lead to more noise and atmospheric pollution.(4) It is a widely distributed contaminant in atmospheric environment.(5) An event of this kind would create a huge crater, send out shock waves, and create tremendous atmospheric disturbance.(6) Subtle interplay with available light in the building makes the piece both evocative and atmospheric .(7) It's a very suspenseful and atmospheric score, with lots of depth and surprises.(8) Working from his farmhouse studio at Over Ridge, he creates his atmospheric motoring images using acrylic and pastel.(9) The landscape is dark and bleak, with just atmospheric grey sketches of trees or structures.(10) Nor does it use atmospheric locations to provide a sense of dread and evil.(11) We cannot tell if global warming is occurring as a result of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.(12) The film was atmospheric , ghastly, and filled with all kinds of creepy poltergeists.(13) It's incredibly evocative, atmospheric and mournful yet never depressing.(14) City buildings suffer excessive weathering because of atmospheric pollution.(15) The number of days when she could smell an odour would depend on atmospheric conditions and wind direction.(16) Exposure to industrial or atmospheric pollution may also cause asthma symptoms.
(1) atmospheric pressure :: uunaiga ea
(2) atmospheric conditions :: tuutuuga ea
(3) atmospheric temperature :: vevela o le ea
Word Example from TV Shows
The best way to learn proper English is to read news report, and watch news on TV. Watching TV shows is a great way to learn casual English, slang words, understand culture reference and humor. If you have already watched these shows then you may recall the words used in the following dialogs.
Atmospheric contamination, zero.
Money Heist Season 3, Episode 5
English to Samoan Dictionary: atmospheric
Meaning and definitions of atmospheric, translation in Samoan language for atmospheric with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of atmospheric in Samoan and in English language.
Tags for the entry "atmospheric"
What atmospheric means in Samoan, atmospheric meaning in Samoan, atmospheric definition, examples and pronunciation of atmospheric in Samoan language.


The blizzard of 2017 may have embarrassed New York weather forecasters by turning a much-hyped blizzard into a dreaded wintry mix, but elsewhere, it lived up to its full potential — and then some.
The storm dumped at least 20 inches of snow in 8 states, with a maximum snowfall of 42 inches recorded in West Winfield, New York, which is about 80 miles west of Albany.
Ilion, New York, picked up an even 3 feet (36 inches) of snow from this storm, and Binghamton wound up with 31.3 inches total. Albany had its largest March snowstorm on record, with 17 inches falling on Tuesday, while New York City managed to eke out 7.6 inches in Central Park, despite the changeover to heavy sleet at the height of the storm. Read more...More about Weather, Snow, Blizzard Stella, Blizzard, and Extreme Weather


Due to the threat from Hurricane Otto, Colombia’s aviation authority shut down its airport on the Caribbean island of San Andres. Though the nation is rarely hit hard by hurricanes, San Andres is located far up the Central American isthmus off the coast of Nicaragua, where the storm may make landfall in the coming hours.
From Bogotá, Aerocivil announced that Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport would close today at 1 pm and remain shut down through tomorrow morning at 7 am. Depending upon the severity of the late-season hurricane, that timeline is subject to change, potentially affecting more flights scheduled to and from what is one of Colombia’s most-popular tourist getaways. The authority also temporarily suspended works on the airport’s runway.
At least three people have already been killed in Panama by the effects of Otto, two due to a landslide and another who was stuck by a falling tree, according to the Weather Channel. Hurricane warnings remain in effect from as far south as Limon in Costa Rica to Bluefields, Nicaragua, in the north. A tropical storm watch stretch even further up and down the Caribbean coast of Central America.
This morning, Otto was downgraded to a tropical storm, but U.S. meteorological institutions have warned that it could still regain hurricane strength and note that 70 mph winds are still capable of doing intense damage. Hurricanes that hit Central America are also particularly problematic because the lass mass is so thin that it doesn’t cause storms to dissipate in strength quickly.


The Number of Consecutive Days the National Average Temperature Exceeded 39C
Date of Record: 02/01/2013
A new record was set for the number of consecutive days the national average temperature exceeded 39°C - seven days between January 2 and 8, 2013, almost doubling the previous record of four consecutive days in 1973.
Information provided by: Bureau of Meteorology
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After suffering its worst prolonged winter “smog”, Paris has made all Public transport completely free for use. Even-numbered license plates have also been temporarily barred from roads on Wednesday in order to encourage more public transport use. The same occurred for odd-numbered license plates on Tuesday.
Paris’ pollution had hit its worst prolonged winter pollution in 10 years. Paris Mayor, Anne Hidalgo, said, “images of smog blanketing the capital were proof of the need to reduce vehicle use in the city.”
According to Airparif Agency, the smog is due to emissions from vehicles, domestic wood fires as well as low wind levels, which keeps pollutant molecules from dispersing, therefore creating a “smog blanket” over the city.
The Agency for Environment and Energy Management (Ademe), in Ile-de-France said, road traffic and vehicle emissions “is responsible for two-thirds of nitrogen dioxide emissions and 55% of small particulate emissions in Paris.”
This temporary solution started on Tuesday for free public transport in Paris. This measure could cost the government up to €4 million. Drivers could be fined up to €35, if they’re caught driving on days their license plates have been barred from the road. On Tuesday, over 1,700 motorists were fined. Hybrid or electric cars, and cars with three or more people are allowed on the roads. These new restrictions do not apply to Foreign and emergency vehicles.
The Paris prefect, Michel Cadot, said: “As long as the meteorological situation remains the same and emissions remain the same, we will not see the end of the pollution spike,” saying that if required, the ban would be extended another day.
Unfortunately, as a result, on Tuesday morning there were serious delays to the RER B and Line A commuter line until around 6pm. Roads also saw severe traffic at around 9am.


So I took a bit of a break….sorry about that. Was away from most of the internet really, except to watch the Euro matches. Regular posting resumes now.
EV – electric vehicle.
It’s summer in Fresno, and even though today’s high is a chilly 86, it means we’re in the season of air quality warnings. Of course, that’s true of the winter as well, and yes, the fall. And sometimes spring.
Fresno has some of the worst air in the country, thanks to a combination of high heat, geography, and agriculture. The tendency to drive everywhere for everything doesn’t help though, and cars are a huge source of local air pollution.


There is a very heavy snowfall the last 2 days here in Athens Greece, and almost everything is covered with snow. For most Central and North European countries this is something they are used to I guess, but for us here is something vey rare. The last time I remember seeing such a heavy snowfall in Athens was 11 or 12 years ago.
As you can understand, this was a rare opportunity for us to go out and play with the snow in the center of Athens!
And that's what we did actually! hahaha
Here's some pictures to see how Athens looks like now... :-)


About Yahoo Weather
Users can integrate the Yahoo Weather API to bring current weather updates to their web apps and pages. Among the data points, this API offers users the ability to report weather for any location, as well as extended 10-day forecasts and wind, atmosphere, and astronomy conditions.
The Yahoo Weather API features a Weather RSS feed. Users can save this feed in their My Yahoo! or in a feed aggregator, as well as integrate the RSS data into their own web site or client application. The dynamic Weather RSS feed is location-based.
- The only parameters are 'w' for location based on WOEID, and 'u', for unit of temperature. No parameter exists for a display of multi-day forecast.
- Yahoo Weather REST API v1https://developer.yahoo.com/weather/


Munnar: Munnar in extreme cold The coldest day of the year was Wednesday. With snowfall, mountains and greenery are frozen with water drops and ice sheets. In the last two days, snow and cottages were on snow and cobblers. This is the coldest time of the winter. Minus two degrees Fahrenheit last month. In the past three days, the maximum temperature of Munnar has risen to minus three degrees. Meeshapulimala recorded the minimum temperature of minus 3 degrees. The tourism department also believes that more visitors visit Munnar to enjoy snowfall. In Meeshapulimala , minus three degrees Celsius at Chedvara, Kundala, Kannimala and Minor in Kodambakkam also increased.
Check out our budget friendly Munnar Tour Packages
Tourists flock to Munnar to enjoy the cool weather. The main tourist destinations of Munnar, Thekkady and Vagamon were on Saturdays and Sundays. On the way to Munnar, there is a long line of vehicles from Adimali to tourists. Number of visitors will double more in the coming days. Kolukkumalai and Meeshapulimalai also attract tourists. In the past days, temperatures dropped to four degrees Celsius in Munnar town. The temperatures in Lakshmi, Chenduwarai and Chittuvara have been recorded at 2 degrees Celsius. Rainfall in Munnar rises and the sky becomes clear.


Diagram Cap and Trade Emissions Trading
Reducing Greenhouse Gas EmissionsCarbon taxes guarantee a carbon price in the economic system, while emissions trading.
The EU emissions trading system. climate change and its key tool for reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions cost.
EU ETS: An instrument to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
How does putting a price on carbon reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Policy and Economics A Report Prepared for the Kansas Energy Council Trisha Shrum, KEC Research Fellow August 3, 2007.European Trading System. Trading. According to the World Bank.A private organization that provides a trading system for greenhouse gas allowances.
Three Hurdles for Emissions Trading. around the world than.
Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector
Windfarms Help Reduce Greenhouse Gas EmissionsTrends and Events Shaping Future Emissions Trading Programs in. greenhouse gas trading system.8 For.Includes information on global greenhouse gas emissions. contributing about 78% of the total greenhouse gas emission.
National Carbon Trading Market EmissionsAgricultural Trade Liberalization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions:. the global level, especially in the World Trade Organization.DESIGNING GREENHOUSE GAS. for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading.
European Emission Trading System
EU ETS Carbon Price
Emissions Trading Scheme
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Pie-Chart
Linking Tradable Permit Systems for Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Opportunities, Implications, and Challenges IETA Report on Linking GHG Emissions Trading Systems.EU Emissions Trading Scheme. respective obligations under regulation 18 of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme. greenhouse gas emissions15 alongside the.Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Russia: A Foundation for Climate Accountability.What will it take to build a global emissions trading system.This article examines whether a greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme. emissions targets, emissions trading system.Economic agents causing greenhouse gas emissions should face a price for.


News & Blogs
Pattern Change to Bring Relief From Heat, Humidity to the Northeast and Midwest Later This Week
Published: August 22, 2019
Hot and humid conditions will grip much of the Northeast through Thursday, but a pattern change will bring relief to end the week. Temperatures have also tumbled several degrees below average in the Midwest.
High temperatures will generally be 5 to 10 degrees above average for mid-August in most of the Northeast through Thursday. That means afternoon readings will be in the 90s in the mid-Atlantic, including Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. Temperatures will also be around 90 degrees in New York City and Boston.
Signs of changes to come in the Northeast are already showing up in the Plains and Midwest as a cold front slices south and eastward from Canada.
That front will keep temperatures 5 to 15 degrees below average in much of the northern and central Plains and Midwest late this week. Highs will be in the 70s and lower 80s throughout the region during the second half of the week. A few folks will even remain in the 60s in the northern Great Lakes.
The front will arrive in the Northeast late Thursday into Friday, leaving lower humidity levels in its wake. High temperatures will also drop into the 70s and lower 80s for Friday and the weekend ahead.
Low temperatures will tumble into the 50s in the interior Northeast Friday morning. Lows along the Interstate 95 corridor will fall into the more comfortable 60s by Friday or Saturday morning.
The Weather Company’s primary journalistic mission is to report on breaking weather news, the environment and the importance of science to our lives. This story does not necessarily represent the position of our parent company, IBM.


Police have called on Kenyans to be on high alert following the weatherman’s warning of heavy rainfall this week.
The National Police Service’s call comes a day after Met warned that rainfall of more than 50mm would pound parts of Rift Valley, western, northern and central Kenya.
In the latest five-day forecast— May 19 and 23—Met director Peter Ambenje said the rains will pour in Turkana, Marsabit, Samburu, Mandera, West Pokot, Elgeyo-Marakwet, Trans-Nzoia and Uasin Gishu.
The heavy precipitation, according to Met, will also be experienced in Nandi, Baringo, Nakuru, Kericho, Bomet, Kakamega, Vihiga, Kisii, Nyamira, Laikipia, Nyandarua, Kiambu, Muranga and Nyeri counties.
Mr Ambenje warned that flooding is likely to continue over low-lying and poorly drained areas that have been receiving heavy rainfall and cautioned of a possibility of landslides.
Concerned, the National Police Service, in a series of tweets, on Monday asked residents of the affected areas to take precautions.
“Affected residents are cautioned against sheltering under trees and near grilled windows or walking in open fields as this exposes one to risks of lightning strikes,” police tweeted.
“Equally, residents in landslide-prone areas in Murang’a County are advised to be on high alert”.
The forecast also indicates that Turkana, West Pokot and Samburu counties will experience morning rains and afternoon showers.
Nairobi, Nyandarua, Nyeri, Kirinyaga, Murang’a, Kiambu, Meru, Embu, and Tharaka-Nithi counties will experience cloudy mornings with possibility of rains over few places, giving way to sunny intervals while showers will be experienced over several places in the afternoon.
The Coastal strip— covering Mombasa, Tana River, Kilifi, Lamu and Kwale counties— will experience morning and early afternoon showers over few places.
Siaya, Kisumu, Homa Bay and Migori counties will experience rains over few places in the morning, giving way to showers and thunderstorms in the afternoon.
The same weather pattern will be experienced in Kisii, Nyamira, Trans Nzoia, Baringo, Uasin Gishu, Elgeyo-Marakwet, Nandi, Laikipia, Nakuru, Narok, Kajiado, Kericho, Bomet, Kakamega, Vihiga, Bungoma and Busia counties.
Marsabit, Mandera, Wajir, Garissa and Isiolo will have rains over few places in the morning, with the possibility of showers in the afternoon.
Other counties such as Kitui, Makueni, Machakos and Taita Taveta counties will record mainly sunny intervals during the day, with the possibility of showers in the evening.
The Met and police warnings come as Kenya reels under the floods burden.
Since the onset of heavy rains in early March, data from the Kenya Red Cross Society reveal that more than 170 lives have been lost and hundreds of thousands of people rendered homeless.
The flooding has also led to the destruction of property worth millions of shillings, including roads, buildings, livestock and crops.
In some parts of the country, transport has been disrupted as floodwaters have rendered most roads impassable.
Additionally, more than 200 schools have been closed after floodwaters marooned and submerged classes.
Kenya Red Cross recently warned that the flooding could worsen cholera outbreak that has been reported in parts of the capital Nairobi, Kiambu and Tana River counties.


The entire volume of greenhouse gases (GHG) generated by economic and routine activities is known as the carbon footprint. Understand how to calculate and mitigate.
Do you know the term carbon footprint? Associated with greenhouse gas emissions, humanity’s carbon footprint is the main cause of global warming and climate change.
In recent years, the term has gained relevance and many companies have already started to develop actions to reduce their footprint. To prevent the global average temperature increase from reaching 2ºC by the end of the century, the average annual carbon footprint per person must be below 2 tonnes by 2050. However, achieving this target will not be easy. An American, on average, has a tax of 16 tons per year.
What is carbon footprint?
The term carbon footprint comes from the English translation “carbon footprint” and makes an analogy to footprints. As we walk, we leave marks and the same thing happens when we consume things, we leave marks on the planet in the form of carbon emissions.
The expression was created in 1990, in the book “Ecological Footprint – Reducing the impact of human beings on Earth” and works with the idea that when calculating the carbon footprint, that is, the impact of our consumption on the planet, it is easier understand and care about climate change. After all, a hundred years ago, the carbon footprint was a very small fraction of the entire ecological footprint. But since 1970, our total carbon footprint has more than tripled.
Thus, the carbon footprint is the calculation made of the total emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) associated with human activities on the planet, including from production to disposal. of products.
The carbon footprint is one of the indicators taken into account in the Life Cycle Assessment. This method is a technique for evaluating and quantifying possible environmental impacts associated with a product or process.
How to calculate and reduce the carbon footprint?
One of the great challenges of reducing the carbon footprint rate is that it requires simpler living habits, such as food reduction and exchange, less air travel and the use of means of transport that do not use fossil fuels. In addition to the need to change habits, many of the options that are sustainable alternatives have a much higher cost than standard models, such as the electric car.
It is possible for citizens to also discover the average carbon footprint considering their habits, type of housing, lifestyle, meat consumption and energy use. Both the UN and WWF Brazil offer calculators to know the impact value caused.
Usually, companies carry out an inventory to quantify their greenhouse gas emissions according to the activity performed and propose ways to reduce them. Since the corporate world carries out many activities that generate GHGs during their manufacturing, transmission or energy consumption processes, organizations need to reduce or offset their carbon footprint. In fact, this is a demand that has already begun to be demanded by society and consumers.
For this, it is possible to implement several actions, such as improving energy efficiency, changing the energy model used, moving from fossil fuel to renewable options, investing in recycling and circular economy and increasing the use of technologies that drive sustainability. In cases where it is not possible to change the internal system, companies can buy carbon credits to financially make sustainable actions that offset the emission caused.
If you liked this content and want to know more, read our text and understand if it is possible to reach zero CO2 emissions.


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Aerias, Better Health through Indoor Air Quality
Awareness - The importance of providing good indoor air quality for public health and
business is very apparent around a number of state legislatures this year.
AIR Web - Air
quality and visibility in U.S. national parks, refuges, and other protected areas. From National Park Service
Air Resources Division and Fish and Wildlife Services.
American Lung Association -- Air Quality --
General Information - The quality of the air
we breathe, both indoors and out, has a great impact on lung health.
Atmospheric Research & Information Centre, -Manchester
Metropolitan University's multidisciplinary centre of excellence for the study and resolution of atmospheric
pollution issues. United Kingdom.
Canada - Up to date information on air quality
issues in Canada. Including environmental law and policy, motor vehicle emissions and industrial sources of
pollution. Maintained by students at the Environment Law Centre, University of Victoria.
Air Society of Australia and New Zealand - Focus
is air quality and the mechanics of air pollution. Information about publications, training courses,
conferences, and seminars.
EEA - Air Quality - Good
air quality is a prerequisite for health and well-being of humans and ecosystems.
EPA AIRNow -
Air pollution data, ozone forecasting, information about public health and environmental
effects of air pollution
EUROPA - Environment - Air Quality -
European Union policy on air quality aims to develop and implement appropriate
instruments to improve air quality.
HowStuffWorks: How Ozone Pollution Works -
Illustrated tutorial examines what ozone is, how it is produced, what health hazards it poses,
and what people can do to reduce ozone pollution.
LiveBetterNow.com - Air
Purifiers. Distributor of the AirOasis 3000 air purifier. Maintenance
Free for 3 years plus Free shipping.
Netherlands National Air Quality Monitoring Network - A
division of RIVM, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment. Up-to-date, hourly information about
air quality in The Netherlands.
Institute for Air Research - A leading centre
of expertise in questions related to air pollution. Established in 1969, it is an independent foundation
specialized in most issues of air pollution on national and international levels. (Language: Norwegian)
The UK National Air Quality Information Archive -
The UK National Air Quality Information Archive.
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Tuesday, 09 March 2010


We are all probably aware to varying degrees that the levels of air pollution in the UK are too high, but we perhaps do not understand the full extent of the issue. According to Defra, the annual health cost of particulate matter alone is estimated to be around £16 billion and as a UK average, 5.3 out of every 100 deaths are the result of air pollution. This figure is far higher for London Boroughs and cities such as Liverpool and Birmingham, which have prevalent illegal air pollution and have been stamped as city-wide Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs).
Air pollution is an area which needs innovation and investment quickly. The UK government gave councils £260 million in 2018 and a further £5 million in 2019 for implementing local level solutions. This has been put towards awareness campaigns, encouraging people to change habits which might lessen the impacts of air pollution, such as cycling to work or avoiding driving during rush-hours. Funding has also been used to establish electric vehicle infrastructure in cities: retrofitting buses and rubbish bin lorries; installing charging points and giving low-interest loans to drivers to purchase electric cars. With government support, Clean Air Zones or Low Emission Zones have been implemented and diesel cars banned from some city centres, as in London, Brighton, and Glasgow among others. However, these measures are arguably not far-reaching enough, only safeguarding certain people and areas, often leaving the most vulnerable people and areas unprotected.
One technology area receiving a lot of attention and a wide
range of applications is Artificial Intelligence. The question then follows:
how can we use intelligent technology to tackle air pollution? The goal of a
company we are partnered with, which employs novel AI technology, is to
alleviate the environmental challenges associated with traffic congestion. Its
technology can be used to manage air pollution levels around sensitive sites by
optimising journey time and dispersing air pollution. Traffic would be diverted
from areas with pre-existing low air quality, or around schools and hospitals. It
is perhaps easier to ignore air pollution, as an invisible problem, than other
threats to us but this is never a good strategy. With nine in every ten people
across the world breathing dangerous air,
we need technological innovations, like that of our client’s, to solve this


A common misconception about the energy recovery ventilator (ERV) is that it’s good for humid climates because it helps to dehumidify a home. It’s usually the better choice for a humid climate when you’re trying to decide between an ERV or an HRV (heat recovery ventilator) but not because it’s a dehumidifier. It is not a dehumidifier. Here’s why.
How ERVs and HRVs work
The photo above shows the inside of what could be either an ERV or an HRV. They both work on the same principle. The difference is what happens in the recovery core.
Basically, this mechanical ventilation device is just an insulated box with two fans, four ducts, and a recovery core. It pulls in outdoor air (red arrows) and sends it into the house. It also exhausts indoor air to the outdoors (blue arrows).
The two air streams both pass through the recovery core, shown above and below. Ideally, the two air streams do not mix at all but do exchange heat (both ERV and HRV) and moisture (ERV only).
Exchanging heat is definitely a good thing. It means that when you need to bring in outdoor air to ventilate a home in the winter, you can both preheat the incoming air and rescue some of the heat in the outgoing air. In the summer, you precool the incoming air.
The humidity confusion
It’s easy to get confused over humidity, of course, because the mixture of dry air and water vapor exhibits such interesting behavior. (See two of my favorite books, Understanding Psychrometrics by Don Gatley and Water in Buildings by Bill Rose, if you’d like to crack that nut yourself.)
One point of confusion is the difference between relative humidity (RH) and absolute humidity. You might think that 100% RH is humid, but if the air is cold, there’s really not much water vapor in it because cold air is dry air.
There are different ways to talk about absolute humidity, but I like dew point. You can’t tell which is the more humid air by their relative humidities without also knowing the temperatures. Dew point, however, is a single number describing a volume of air that does tell you what might happen when you exchange indoor air and outdoor air.
An ERV doesn’t dehumidify
The confusion over ERVs and dehumidification stems from their ability to reduce the amount of water vapor introduced into the house when the outdoor air has more moisture than the indoor air. But reducing the amount of moisture coming in is not the same at all as dehumidifying the air in the home.
In fact, the ERV will usually raise the humidity in the home when the outdoor air is more humid than indoor air because it doesn’t exchange water vapor between the two air streams perfectly. Just as only some of the heat is transferred between air streams, only some of the moisture is exchanged. So the incoming air will be more humid than the outgoing air on a humid day.
That’s not a bad thing because the ERV is still reducing the amount of humidity that would have been brought into the home. If you ventilate with an HRV, supply-only, or exhaust-only ventilation sytem, you’re bringing all the humidity in.
The ERV brings in less but doesn’t dehumidify. If you want to ventilate and dehumidify at the same time, you need some type of supplemental dehumidification, such as a ventilating dehumidifier. That’s one way to deal with the higher ventilation rates of ASHRAE 62.2-2013 in airtight, low-load homes in humid climates.
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