Planned air pollution research fiscal year 2009-2010 september 2009 i the statements and conclusions in this paper are not necessarily those of the california air resources board the mention of commercial products, their source. Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in india from across harvard university engaged in research, teaching the air pollution data cover about 140 cities. Indoor air pollution research paper write a report that can cover the indoor air pollution, under the development of the epa's new voluntary guidance document, healthy indoor environment protocols for home energy upgrades. Research paper: water pollution this is a long research paper about water pollution it isn't about my project, it is just related to it you don't have to read all of it.
Environment term papers (paper 2101) on air pollution: in 1948, the industrial town of donora, pennsylvania suffered 28 deaths because of the thick smog air pollution is an ecological problem having to do term paper 2101. Pollution research is one of the leading enviromental journals in world and is widely subscribed in india and abroad by institutions and individuals in industry, research and govt departments. Free college essay air pollution air pollution air pollution is a general term for a variety of substances and gases in our air that pose. Phd thesis on genomes air pollution research paper homework help hotline phone number how to write essay my village. Science essays online air pollution research paper custom homework on books dissertation proposal defense meeting. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels has been implicated, with varying degrees of evidence, as a causal agent of of disease and mortality.
Airports are some of the largest sources of air pollution in the united states we demonstrate that daily airport runway congestion contributes significantly to local pollution levels and contemporaneous health of residents living nearby and downwind from airports our research design exploits the. Sacramento - governor edmund g brown jr announced july 21st that steve cliff, associate professional researcher iii at the air quality research center and the institute of transportation studies at uc davis since 2011, has been appointed assistant director of sustainability at the california. Atmospheric pollution research (apr) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution papers should present. Air pollution and health discussion paper by the energy and resources institute karnika palwa (research associate, teri) reviewer meena sehgal (fellow, teri) sumit sharma (fellow recommends policy measures to reduce the health impact from air pollution the focus of the paper is 2.
Atmospheric pollution research (apr) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution papers should present novel experimental results, theory and modeling of air pollution on local, regional, or global scales.
Disclaimer: free essays on environment posted on this site were donated by anonymous users and are provided for informational use only the free environment research paper (air pollution essay) presented on this page should not be viewed as a sample of our on-line writing service. Air pollution research papers - entrust your projects to the most talented writers proofreading and proofediting aid from best specialists all sorts of writing services & research papers. View air pollution research papers on academiaedu for free. Management research and practice volume 4, issue 3 / september 2012 issn impacts so the paper deals with the study of air pollution caused by the automobiles in the city of bangalore a study on air pollution by automobiles in bangalore city. Bj homework helper air pollution research paper chih yao chang dissertation homework help forums. Here are a few argumentative essay topics on air pollution that are going to prove helpful in a long term perspective one freelance limited - custom writing service that provides online custom written papers, such as term papers, research papers, thesis papers.


Look up! Another solar storm may supercharge auroras Wednesday
While a "severe" solar storm that sparked dazzling auroras around the world on Monday through Tuesday morning is dying down now, skywatchers shouldn't stop looking up quite yet.
Another potentially powerful solar tempest is expected to impact Earth on Wednesday into Thursday, and it could create more amazing auroras for people in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
In particular, the next solar storm is especially well aimed to enhancing aurora activity over North America, according to experts at the National Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) in Boulder, Colorado.
Monday's solar storm hit the G4 or "severe" level, a relatively rare class of storm that can create bright auroras in relatively low latitudes. Such G4 storms — the rating scale goes up to G5 — can also cause problems with power grids on Earth and harm satellites in space.
And another storm of that severe magnitude is likely on its way to Earth now.
Scientists at the SWPC are anticipating that the solar storm predicted to arrive Wednesday could, yet again, produce beautiful auroras in relatively low latitudes.
At the moment, the SWPC is predicting a G3 or "strong" storm on Wednesday and Thursday, but that was the forecast for Monday, as well. [...]
See the whole article for embedded links, photos, videos and more.
For more technical details, and an Aurora Prediction map, see the NOAA website: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/


In the northern hemisphere, summer solstice takes place between June 20 and 22.
This year it’s today, Monday, June 20. The sun rose at 4.45am and sunset will happen at 10.34pm. ( UK time)
The summer solstice is the longest day of the year – the day in which we can enjoy approximately 17 hours of daylight.
It might seem like good news, but for those of us in the northern hemisphere this is the time when the sun’s path stops moving northward in the sky and the days begin to slowly shorten.
I wish a wonderful Summer to us all (Northern Hemisphere)….


Good weather all year round
Fuerteventura, with an average temperature of 19º C in winter and 23º C in summer, has the warmest climate, as well as the greatest number of hours of sunshine per year in the entire archipelago.
The trade winds are generated in the anticyclone of the Azores and bring with them clouds loaded with moisture, which remain stagnant on the summits of the islands above 800 m in altitude.
Fuerteventura, as there are no such altitudes, except for the Pico de la Zarza at 807 m, practically does not benefit from its action, favoring a semi-arid climate. This environment forms a landscape very similar to North Africa, with broad horizon surfaces barely protected by a plant cover.
The highest levels of water are collected in the Jandía Massif, around 250 and 300 mm per year. In the coastal areas, where the clouds are further away, the precipitation hardly reaches 100 mm.


Frequently Asked Questions – Summer
- What is the average temperature in Tromsø during the summer?
The average temperature in June, July and August is around 12 degrees Celsius. We may get temperatures of over 20 degrees Celcius, but then the next day it may be 8 degrees Celsius. The weather changes very rapidly.
- What kind of clothes do you need in summer/autumn in Tromsø?
We recommend good outdoor shoes and clothes for outdoor activities. Always bring extra (rain) clothes if you go up into the mountains or out to sea. Remember that the weather can change from good to bad within the hour. Check the weather forecast (Yr.no) before you go out, but still always be prepared for bad weather.
- What does: ‘midnight sun period’ mean?
During the period from 18th of May until 25th of July the upper edge of the sun stays above the horizon at sea level at midnight. This is known as the midnight sun. In some places with mountains close by to the north, the sun may set behind these, so in order to see the midnight sun you should make sure you have a relatively free line of sight towards the west and north.


FOR THURSDAY (9/8) Storms are moving across the Midwest this week with flash flood warnings posted for parts of Iowa and Illinois today and for Kansas, Missouri and Illinois on Thursday and Friday. The 6- to 10-day outlook (Sept 12-16) favors normal to above-normal rains for much of the Midwest with below-normal temperatures for western two-thirds of the country. As we move into Friday, we do expect more pressure to the downside unless trade is afraid of too much rain in the Midwest, and that seems unlikely. Meats had a strong recovery day as we expected. We do expect them to move lower on Thursday and Friday as deflationary cycle is due to hit.


For a while there, we had a tropical storm off the coast of the state and here 100 miles inland it was perfectly beautiful, if breezy. Now it's overcast and a glance at the weather radar confirms that these really are the outermost bands of the storm. However, nearly all forecast models suggest that the storm will skirt the coast, rain all over Myrtle Beach and Wilmington, but leave us almost totally alone.
But I don't want to push our luck! So I won't mention that I liked Ana better when her last name was Ng. Nor will I make fun of her for not being able to drop any rain a mere 100 miles from her center. Nor point out that even the National Weather Service can't spell her name. Because it isn't nice to fool with Mother Nature and it's unwise to piss off tropical storms. (Seriously, best of luck to all on the firing line. Hoping, hoping, hoping that this is another one that produces much less damage and flooding than is forecast. Over the years, eastern North Carolina has had enough.)


These 13 cities may exceed 2C temperature rise by 2020s, believe scientists
Thirteen cities worldwide are projected to see temperature hikes that could exceed 2 degrees Celsius (3.6°F) over the next decade or so, according to a new report. The Belgian city of Leuven faces the highest potential increase among a hundred cities that are included in a report several years in the making by the Urban Climate Change Research Network, based at Columbia University.
“It’s all alarming,” William Solecki, one of the study’s editors, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation on Tuesday at a United Nations-backed climate summit. Cities that could see the steepest temperature increases during the 2020s include Geneva in Switzerland (2.5C), Shenzhen in China (2.3C) and Tsukuba in Japan (2.3C), the study showed. All predictions included a lower limit too. For instance, temperatures in Leuven could increase by as little as 1.1C.
The new data provides “foundation knowledge” for cities at the forefront of efforts to rein in the effects of global warming, said Cynthia Rosenzweig, an editor of the report and a researcher with NASA.
The new findings come on the heels of a U.N. draft report already causing alarm with projections that the global temperature rise is on track to exceed a 1.5C target included in the Paris pact to …read more


Tuesday: Sunny. Cool. High 72, Low 46
Wednesday: Sunny. Cool. High 68, Low 42
Thursday: Sunny. Cool. High 69, Low 39
Friday/Saturday: Sunny. Highs in the low-to-mid-70's and Lows in the low-to-mid-40's.
Sunday/Monday: Mostly sunny. Highs in the mid-to-upper-70's and Lows around 50 or so.
Here is a look at our Fall Freeze Climatology in the Tennessee Valley.
And on the note of climate, the Climate Prediction Center has issued its speculations about this winter.
So we had another sunny day in Cullman. The High was 71. The Low was 42. We've barely had any clouds, despite that upper-level trough moving through.
Tomorrow that trough still looks like it will be well to our north/northeast, leaving us with ample northwest wind flow. That means sunny skies and temperatures not much above what they were today. Tonight is tough to call for temperatures. It's 54 degrees now. The Dewpoint is 51. We do have some moisture around, but not enough for much cloud cover. I think it's safe to go with a Low at least in the upper 40's, maybe a little cooler than that.
Temperatures will be slow to rebound, though. High pressure should dominate our weather until Sunday and Monday, when we might bring back a few clouds as the winds aloft shift back to the southwest.
No rain is expected for this forecast period.
People from the Bay of Campeche to the Yucatan Peninsula will want to monitor this tropical low that is slowly moving east. It has a very decent chance of becoming a tropical cyclone within the next two or three days. Despite whatever you might see on other blogs or social networking sites, it is way too soon to know how this will develop or where it will go. And the more responsible bloggers/social networkers have made note of this. For my own part, I'm not even calling attention to wild possibilities by showing model "spaghetti plots" at this point. Those are worthless right now. If an Air Force plane goes in there to check this thing out tomorrow, then the models will have decent data to work with, for at least a starting point. They do not have that yet.
Hope you're enjoying a more normal October weather pattern. See you in the funny papers.


|Out of stock
The most comprehensive, award-winning aviation weather book in the industry.
Covers in detail the latest METAR, TAF and graphic weather products from FAA AC00-45E, Aviation Weather Services. International weather and accident/incident information is included to add relevance to the weather data. Expanded coverage of icing, weather hazards and flight planning. Includes review questions with answers at the end of the book.
Changes to this 4th edition (2013) include: In this fourth edition of Jeppesen Aviation Weather, the author - Peter Lester - has added information about new developments in the acquisition of weather data and how pilots can access and apply that data. Examples of available weather products have been updated and the text revised to reflect the shift toward electronic access to weather reports and forecasts. Reader input prompted the addition of many new NTSB reports to illustrate relevant flying hazards. The author added an additional real-world scenario to demonstrate how weather information can be applied during flight planning. He also clarified several explanations of the basic physical concepts that create weather and updated many of the descriptions of atmospheric phenomena.
By Peter F. Lester.
4th edition, Published June 2013.


Preliminary numbers show VORTEX2 intercepted about 30 supercells, and 20 weak or short-lived tornadoes.
Hotel location: Liberal, KS Intercept location: Booker, TX Data was collected on a long-lived tornadic supercell that developed in the northeastern Texas Panhandle and moved into the Oklahoma Panhandle. At least three tornadoes are known to have occurred within this storm. The first was the most significant and had the best data collection with mobile […]
Hotel location: Chadron, NE Intercept location: Last Chance, CO Two supercells were intercepted. The first was non-tornadic but was sampled well by the mobile mesonet. Second cell formed south. A tornado was observed for 8 minutes, but data collection was hampered by lack of roads. A second tornado occurred shortly after for 5 minutes. Dual-Doppler […]
Hotel location: Ft. Morgan, CO Intercept location: Scottsbluff/Mitchell, NE Two tornadic supercells in the Nebraska panhandle. The first increased in speed and moved out of reach of the VORTEX2 array except for Sticknet. A tornado was produced just east of the Sticknet, and was observed from a distance both by SMART radars and DOW6. Two […]
Hotel location: Loveland, CO Intercept location: Tribune, KS VORTEX2 deployed on a cyclic, weakly tornadic supercell in western Kansas. Among the test cases sampled in VORTEX2 given the simultaneous collection of storm-scale and mesocyclone-scale dual-Doppler radar observations, along with in-situ measurements. The target storm emerged from a cluster of storms that developed along the KS-CO […]
Hotel location: Amarillo, TX Intercept location: Dumas, TX VORTEX2 intercepted a long-lived supercell in the northern Texas panhandle that developed along a dryline. The storm produced a number of weak tornadoes. Mobile mesonets reported good data collection within dual-Doppler coverage, and were able to sample the storm’s outflow and inflow. The TTU Ka-Band radar had […]
Morning location: Weatherford, OK Intercept location: Clinton, OK VORTEX2 intercepted a high-precipitation supercell in southwest Oklahoma the developed along a dryline. Storms were moving at 30-35mph to the northeast. A tornado developed near the northeast edge of dual-Doppler coverage and reportedly crossed I-40 just east of Clinton. Mobile mesonets and dual-Doppler data were collected for […]
Hotel location: Perry, OK Intercept location: Seminole, OK An outbreak of tornadoes occurred in central and eastern OK. Supercell motions were very fast, ranging from 50-60mph. Given the fast motions, it was believed that the best opportunity for useful scientific data collection would be by forming a fixed radar network with six of the mobile […]
Hotel location: Sterling, CO Intercept location: La Grange, WY VORTEX2 targeted a right-moving supercell that formed north of Cheyenne, WY. An X-Band radar was sampling the storm as mobile mesonets took measurements within the hook echo and tornado cyclone. All radars were deployed at the time of tornadogenesis, and valuable dual-Doppler data was collected. Sticknets, […]
I decided to take a different approach to discussing the VORTEX2 best cases. I will discuss them by day. Read on to find out why!


ACUS01 KWNS 191944
SPC AC 191943
Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0243 PM CDT Mon Apr 19 2021
Valid 192000Z - 201200Z
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
THE CENTRAL FLORIDA PENINSULA...
Isolated severe thunderstorms remain possible through early tomorrow
morning across parts of the central and southern Florida Peninsula.
Minor changes have been made to the Day 1 Outlook. The northeast
extent of the Marginal across the central FL Peninsula was trimmed,
and severe probabilities across the Mid Atlantic were removed given
convective overturning of earlier storms. Thunder probabilities were
also removed from the Hudson Valley into New England as relatively
shallower convection, driven by boundary-layer mixing, has struggled
to support lightning flashes during peak heating. Otherwise, the
rest of the forecast remains on track, with a gradual increase in
thunderstorms and corresponding risk of severe hail, a damaging
gust, or brief tornado expected across the west-central FL peninsula
.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1133 AM CDT Mon Apr 19 2021/
...Central/southern Florida Peninsula...
A corridor of convection continues to focus along a convectively
reinforced boundary across the south-central Peninsula/Lake
Okeechobee vicinity at midday. Destabilization through the afternoon
will likely be maximized to the south of the lingering midday
convection (where low/mid-level winds trend weaker), although some
measure of air mass recovery could occur a bit north into more of
the central Peninsula in closer proximity to the synoptic front.
Additional cloud breaks/heating may allow for some renewed
development/reinvigoration of storms this afternoon with a couple of
downbursts and/or marginally severe hail a possibility.
A lull in deep convection is expected this evening into the
overnight as low-level winds become quite weak and convergence
wanes. However, in response to the upstream shortwave trough
approaching the northwest Gulf of Mexico, extensive convection is
anticipated to form late tonight across the eastern Gulf. Some of
this convection may reach the west-central/southwest Florida
Peninsula early Tuesday with some increase in severe risk.
...Eastern North Carolina/far southeast Virginia...
Ahead of a low-amplitude shortwave trough crossing the Appalachians,
a modestly moist (around 60F surface dewpoints) and weakly unstable
warm sector resides across the region at midday in advance of a weak
front/surface trough. Thunderstorms will continue to develop across
the region through early afternoon before the warm sector shifts
offshore by late afternoon (likely by 21Z/5pm EDT). As low-level
lapse rates further steepen early this afternoon, instability may be
sufficient in the presence of long/semi-straight hodographs (atop a
near-surface easterly component) to allow for some strong/locally
severe thunderstorms capable of hail and/or wind gusts.


I have been frequently photographing clouds on the southern coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula during the winter of 2022 influenced by the gallery of cloud photos of The Cloud Appreciation Society. So it was great to come across another photographer with an interest in clouds. Vicky Dennison has a more sophisticated, conceptual and systematic approach to clouds than my casual, off the cuff snapshots.
There is a gallery of her series of cloud photos on Light Paths.
There is much food for thought in this series of clouds as a radically, dynamic object caught in a process of perpetual transfiguration. A cloud can be understood as being in a perpetual drift away from itself.
Dennison’s cloud photography is more sophisticated and systematic than the snapshot approach because it ranges far and wide across the state and explores the different cloud formations in the different seasons and territories. An Australian reference point is Greg Wayn’s black and white Clouds published in 2014.
Broader and more historical reference points in the art world are Constable’s Cloud Studies, John Ruskin’s writings on clouds in which he highlighted the effects of human industrial activity on the atmosphere over the cities and natural landscapes, Alfred Stieglitz’s Equivalents, and Gerhard Lang’s Cloud Walks. These reference points provide a rich history of artistic approaches to clouds that is worthwhile exploring as indicated by this article that connects Ruskin’s storm clouds, the new climate and Victorian aesthetics with the present.


Sailboat Sea and Storm Protection
Storms are one of the most serious dangers sailors face both near-shore and offshore; and sailboats who depend primarily on the wind for motion can also leave them vulnerable to sudden change in the weather, especially storms and unexpected high winds. Dealing with a coming storm, requires preparation and tactics must depend on the boat’s equipment and the captain’s skill to deal with whatever conditions may occur.
Every helmsman in history has been told to keep “one eye on the sails and the other on the wind and weather”. Today’s sailboats have an auxiliary engine in case of a calm or emergency, but may not always be able to run clear of a sudden squall or storm. Knowing what the wind and clouds tell you is the best “early warning signal” you have.
Most thunderstorms and squalls are preceded by advancing nimbus clouds: big, black, often anvil-shaped clouds that can approach quickly. Big white, puffy cumulus clouds themselves seldom mean thunderstorms and high winds; but don’t take any cloud for granted. Those puffy cumulus clouds could be masking a nimbus cloud or develop into nimbus clouds themselves..
The horizon often darkens in a deep overcast which may hide nimbus clouds. That is a warning that storm cells, dangerous downdrafts or microbursts of high winds are there but hidden. Sailing at night you may not see the clouds, but most thunderstorms and squalls will be announced by lightning. In addition, be alert to any changes in the wind direction and intensity. Sailors should never underestimate the potential these signs have, regardless of the size of the boat.
A well maintained and well protected boat has a better chance of avoiding problems encountered when sailing. Protective Canvas coverings from CMC Canvas LLC can provide that needed protection.


The following article was produced by Klaus Sievers and Ralf Parzinger of Vereinigung Cockpit (VC) of the German Cockpit Association.
The time has come: In early November 2019 the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) launched its real-time worldwide space weather update service. Three Space Weather Centers (SWXC) will generate and share 24 hour space weather advisories using the existing channels, similar to SIGMET (significant meteorological information). The advisories can thereby go directly to aircraft operators and throughout a flight to flight crew as standard meteorological information.
The advisories provide the most up to date information possible on any solar events, which could potentially impact aircraft systems or passenger health. The aviation safety risks arising from solar events fall primarily into two categories:
1) Large solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can lead to geomagnetic storms. These can present serious risks regarding the reliable operation of satellites, aircraft and power grids.
2) CMEs also stream heavily energised solar particles at the earth which can significantly increase radiation levels in the atmosphere at traditional aircraft cruising altitudes and even at ground level depending on their intensity.
The format of the space weather report (SWX-ADVISORY) largely follows that of the well-known SIGMET. The messages address the effects on RF (radio frequency) communications, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based navigation, and radiation. They are available in two levels: moderate (MOD) and severe (SEV) with additional comments added, as shown in ICAO Annex 3, Appendix 2.
ADVISORY NR: 2016/1
SWX EFFECT: HF COM SEV
OBS SWX: 08/0100Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX +6 HR: 08/0700Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX +12 HR: 08/1300Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX +18 HR: 08/1900Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX +24 HR 09/0100Z NO SWX EXP
RMK: PERIODIC HF COM ABSORPTION AND LIKELY TO CONT IN THE NEAR
CMPL AND PERIODIC LOSS OF HF ON THE SUNLIT SIDE OF THE
CONT HF COM DEGRADATION LIKELY OVER THE NXT
NXT ADVISORY: 20161108/0700Z
The introduction of space weather into the ICAO framework is definitely a step in the right direction. However, we still have some outstanding tasks on the ‘to-do list’ within Europe in particular. First and foremost, the space weather for pilots as per ICAO Annex 3 should be swiftly implemented by European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), national authorities and airlines. Second, all pilots need to acquire the necessary knowledge of space weather and it should form part of the syllabus for student pilots.
Manual on Space Weather Information in Support of International Air Navigation (ICAO Doc 10100)
Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice (ICAO Doc 8896)
IFALPA’s Interpilot magazine
IFALPA leaflet on ionising radiation
Aeronautical Information Circular (France) on Global Space Weather Information Service in support of International AIR Navigation
<< IFALPA safety bulletin New Zealand aviation news >>


"Any reasonable read of Mr. Stephen’s first piece identifies some very important arguments that the climate activists have failed to address. The unrealistic confidence the climate activists have placed in their models even though those models are barely able to hindcast, let alone forecast. The growing divide between what climate scientists are saying about climate change and what the climate activists claim they are saying. Most importantly the growing disconnect between what the scientists are saying about the risks of climate change and public sentiment about the topic. The Climatariat was not pleased."


I'm glad to see there are other furs who like the weather!
I have been into weather for as long as I can remember, its so much fun to watch.
I enjoy looking at the NWS radar, watching and photographing clouds, gathering weather info for others, watching tornado videos, if it involves weather, I'll generally have an interest in it.
I have an interest in storm spotting/chasing, but am not currently a skywarn member, so I mainly watch the radar and relay funnel and tornado sightings to a (non-fur) friend who is with skywarn.
As you may have noticed, I like tornadoes, they are the part of weather I find most fascinating. I have never seen one in real life yet, but have seen quite a few super cells, and a funnel cloud once.
Thats all for now.


What do you think is the easiest task? Breathing? That is what I find the most difficult one in Kathmandu. Locality matters!
Air pollution is a major environmental and ultimately a health problem in developed as well as developing cities. Kathmandu is not an exception. Instead, Kathmandu has gotten some new names because of dust and air pollution. Dustmandu and Maskmandu are the commonest ones. A recent analysis of air pollution in Kathmandu for the period of one month, Magh, showed that, the 24-hour daily averages of the PM2.5 (Particulate Matter of less than 2.5 micrometre diameter) concentration in Kathmandu atmosphere were beyond the government standard of 40 micrograms per cubic metre, forget about the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 25 micrograms per cubic metre.
At first, what is very difficult for me to understand is how the government standard becomes 60 per cent higher than the WHO standard. Is it because Gorkhalis are brave enough to tolerate higher levels of pollution than the WHO standard? If so, I am not a Gorkhali. Or I am an exceptional one!
The current analyses on air pollution are being done only on the PM2.5 concentration basis. What about other pollutants such as ground-level ozone, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO)? Are these pollutants within the recommended standard? What would be the quality of air if the impact of these pollutants is also included in determining the air quality of Kathmandu Valley? A recent WHO report states that, of the 1.7 million child deaths every year, five hundred seventy thousand children under five year of age die from respiratory infections attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution. Though exact figure of such death is not available for Kathmandu, we can easily assume that such death is high here as Kathmandu has been ranked as the seventh worst polluted cities in the world in terms of air quality recently. How can we expect a high number of children to survive who get born in the seventh worst polluted city in the world and inhale the poisonous air since their first breathe?
Suggestions you will get to avoid the pollution in Kathmandu are so ridiculous – avoid all sports activities, do physical activities only after noon, don’t go for a morning or evening walk as air pollution is higher in the morning and in the evening! Are these pragmatic suggestions? We have to wait till noon for any physical activities? Sounds like there will be suggestions like “Don’t breathe wherever and whenever you like!” in the near future. What I have understood is that the static blanket of polluted air near the earth’s surface in the morning gets dispersed as a result of human and vehicular movements. To some extent, the solar radiation helps. But if nobody comes out of their house till noon, does the air quality automatically improve as such? I don’t think so. And is it ‘ethical’ to prevent children from going outside and playing? Can we expect them to be healthy that way? I am quite confused if these suggestions are intended to prepare healthy or ailing citizens. Is it practicable to put a mask on a two-year child while carrying him out of the house? According to news reports, the ordinary, cheap cloth masks that people generally put on in Kathmandu are also ineffective against the pollutant particles. According to researches, the oldest and the youngest are the most affected people due to air pollution. We can somehow accuse the oldest generation for not acting to curb pollution earlier. But what crime has a newborn done to inhale poisonous air since his/her first breath? The pollution levels are recorded and published; not forecasted so that we can avoid the peak hours of pollution every day.
The only panacea is – cleaning the atmosphere. The recent move to ban the twenty-year-old vehicles is a good one. According to a BBC report, the brick kilns of the valley destroyed by the 2015 earthquake are being rebuilt using new technology that emits less polluting soot and smoke. For widening the road, the government cut so many green trees in many parts of the ring road some years ago, but when it comes to curbing pollution it does not plant trees. Trees are reported to have a significant impact in reducing the atmospheric pollution. What is preventing the government for large roadside plantations? Are we only focusing on development with no concerns about the environment? Can such development be sustainable? What is the use of a city with roads of multiple lanes and skyscrapers where you have to fear for ‘breathing’?


Wednesday is expected to see rain and thunderstorms in the center of the country, the weekend is expected to be dry and hot.
Israel can look forward to its first dry weekend in over three weeks.
Wednesday's forecast however will see heavy rains during the day in the center and south of the country. The morning will be cloudy with light showers beginning towards mid day that by nightfall will turn to heavy rain with a chance of thunderstorms and hail.
Due to the rains there is the possibility of flooding in the central region and flash-flooding in the south.
Thursday's forecast calls for a light rain in the north and along the coastal area. Later on in the day the weather will stabilize and the rain is expected to cease.
Warm weather will be coming for the weekend, bringing a rise in temperature and dryness.
Expected temperatures for Israel on Wednesday are 15° C in the Golan, in the northern mountains 12° C, in Nazareth 15° C, Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) 18° C, Haifa 17° C, Tel Aviv and coastal plain 17° C, Ariel 12° C, Jerusalem 11° C, Be'er Sheva 16° C, southern mountains 12° C, Dead Sea area 20° C, Eilat 21° C.


Dehumidification system with freecooling function
Thermodynamic dehumidifier with freecooling function
DEMET’AIR FREECOOLING is a thermodynamic dehumidification system designed to meet the temperature and humidity requirements for greenhouse cultivation.
DEMET’AIR FREECOOLING uses thermodynamic technology to dehumidify the air in the greenhouse. This technology extracts humidity from the air and condenses it, creating a more favourable environment for plant growth.
DEMET’AIR FREECOOLING has a freecooling function that allows the greenhouse to be cooled on hot days by using outside air. Often greenhouses are much warmer than the outside, reaching a difference of 5, 10 or even 15°C. The temperature remains too high for the crop even with ventilation via vents. To solve this problem, the freecooling function is used to draw in fresh air from outside and blow it into the greenhouse via the dehumidifier fan. The parameters for activating this function are defined in the controller, such as the maximum temperature in the greenhouse, the minimum temperature outside and the outdoor humidity. Compared to adiabatic cooling, this system is simpler and more economical.


You might have noticed that last night round about 7 p.m., the sun was blotted out, fast-moving clouds turned the sky black, and the city was then buffeted by strong winds and pounded by torrential rains. If you were lucky, you were in a position to reflect on the strength, drama, and downright scariness of nature while, say, watching the whole thing from a comfortable balcony—instead of discovering, along with 12,000 other Toronto Hydro customers, that your power had been knocked out. (As of 6:30 a.m., 11,000 of those customers had seen their power restored.) Toronto Hydro is warning residents to watch out for and steer clear of downed wires.
Photo by Jae Yang, from the Torontoist Flickr pool.
Photo by Anna Sakin, from the Torontoist Flickr pool.
And although Toronto was treated to a spectacular sound, light, wind, and rain show, the weather was far more violent elsewhere in Ontario: Environment Canada has confirmed that a tornado hit the Barrie region at about 5:20 p.m., damaging 100 homes and creating a massive field of debris.


Indonesia Ratifies Paris Agreement: A Step Towards a Sustainable Future
Indonesia, the world`s fourth most populous country and a leading emitter of greenhouse gases, has recently ratified the Paris Agreement on climate change. The decision was made on October 30, 2016, and marks a significant step towards a sustainable future for Indonesia and the world.
The Paris Agreement is a legally binding agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was signed by 195 countries in December 2015 and aims to keep the global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement also sets a goal of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius, which is necessary to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
Indonesia`s ratification of the Paris Agreement is an important milestone for the country, which is home to over 260 million people and one of the most biodiverse regions in the world. Indonesia has long been affected by climate change, from rising sea levels to extreme weather events, and the country has taken steps to address the issue.
One of the major initiatives taken by Indonesia is the development of a national action plan on greenhouse gas emission reductions, which aims to reduce emissions by 29 percent by 2030. The country is also committed to increasing the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to 23 percent of its energy mix by 2025.
Indonesia`s ratification of the Paris Agreement sends a strong message to the world that the country is serious about addressing climate change. It also highlights the importance of international cooperation in addressing the issue, as no country can solve the problem alone.
The Paris Agreement is a crucial step towards a sustainable future for the planet, and Indonesia`s ratification is a significant contribution to this global effort. The agreement provides a framework for countries to work together towards a common goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing catastrophic climate change.
As the world`s population and economy continue to grow, it is essential that countries work together to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Indonesia`s ratification of the Paris Agreement is a positive step towards a sustainable future for the country and the rest of the world.


NASA MEDIA TELECON ON MISSION STUDYING THUNDERSTORMS, June 7, 2022, digital, 11:00 am ET – SpacePolicyOnline.com
NASA will maintain a media telecon on June 7, 2022 at 11:00 am ET (10:00 am Central) to debate “analysis about intense summer season thunderstorms over the central United States and their results on Earth’s environment and local weather change.”
“NASA and college scientists are learning thunderstorms for the second 12 months in row as a part of the Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer season Stratosphere (DCOTSS) mission.” The mission’s base of operations is the Salina Regional Airport in Salina, KS.
Individuals within the media telecon are:
- Kate Calvin, NASA chief scientist and senior local weather advisor at NASA Headquarters in Washington
- Ken Bowman, DCOTSS principal investigator and professor of atmospheric science, Texas A&M College
NASA’s press launch doesn’t point out if the telecon will air on NASA Dwell as these telecons normally do and it’s not listed on the NASA Dwell schedule as of June 5.


There is an increasing concern about air pollution for indoor environments. Some say what we can’t see, wont hurt us. The truth is that the average household can have air pollution levels of up to 100x greater than outdoor spaces. This is the very reason we set out to create Air Plug. The number one thing to a cozy and comfortable environment is the air you breath. The next is the weather. Temperature, humidity, smell…. these things keep your environment welcoming and fresh.
WHY AIR PLUG?
CCHQ is 300% green. What this means is that for every kilowatt of electricity that we draw from the power grid, we return three kilowatts in the form of wind, water and solar energy. We support green businesses and encourage green living in and outside of the office.


Posted by Jimi on 25. Mar 2010
he Lyrids are an average shower, usually producing about 20 meteors per hour at their peak. These meteors can produce bright dust trails that last for several seconds. This year's shower should peaks on the night of April 21 and the morning of the 22nd, although some meteors can be visible from April 16 - 25. The quarter moon will set early in the evening, leaving a dark sky for the best possible viewing in dark locations. Look for meteors radiating from the constellation of Lyra after midnight.
In astronomy, most information is put into UT so for us in Beijing we have to do some basic math to figure out exact times when events are to occur.
Logg inn for å skrive en kommentar.


| < August >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Buenos Aires in August is quite mild at 12.3 °C (54.14 °F).
- Afternoons can be very mild with average high temperatures reaching 17.1 °C (62.8 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally a little cool with an average low of 8.3 °C (46.9 °F).
- In August the average daily temperature range/ variation is 8.8 °C (15.8 °F).
- The weather in August is marginally dry with intermittent rain. Only 69.8mm (2.7in) of fluid falls during an average of 8 days.
- The heavens above Buenos Aires are reasonably fine having on average a moderate 6:00 of dazzling sunlight per day.
- The shortest day is 10:24 long and the longest day is 11:22 long with an average length of 10:52.
- There are approximately 4:43 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 55.9% of daylight hours and cloudy 44.1% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Buenos Aires August averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for August in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Navigate to August Weather in Locations Surrounding Buenos Aires:
- Paso De Los Toros, Uruguay - 268.5 kms (166.8 miles) NE
- Mercedes, Uruguay - 153.1 kms (95.2 miles) NNE
- Colonia, Uruguay - 67.3 kms (41.8 miles) ENE
- Aeroparque B. Aires, Argentina - 6.4 kms (4 miles) ENE
- Carrasco, Uruguay - 227.6 kms (141.5 miles) E
- Montevideo, Uruguay - 210.8 kms (131 miles) E
- Prado, Uruguay - 210.4 kms (130.7 miles) E
- La Plata, Argentina - 68.2 kms (42.4 miles) SE
- Punta Del Este, Uruguay - 321.4 kms (199.7 miles) E
- Punta Indio, Argentina - 139.8 kms (86.9 miles) SE
- Dolores, Argentina - 207.9 kms (129.2 miles) SSE


The sources of atmospheric methane are many and varied:
Some are natural (i.e., wetlands) and some are anthropogenic. Methane levels have doubled since the pre-industrial era, so the anthropogenic emissions, which have increased, are having a significant impact. That doubling, to review, adds about half again to the forcing of the excess CO2 in the atmosphere (while methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2, its concentration in the atmosphere is much smaller.) Anthropogenic emissions break down as follows:
Much of the excitement about methane, and the source of the recent flurry of interest in methane (see Climate Progress, Dot Earth, and Realclimate) is the stored methane around the world, locked up in permafrost or deep under the ocean.
Natural processes have created carbon-based deposits of many kinds; coal, oil, "natural gas" (which is methane) and others. Methane hydrates, which I promised to explain last time, are deposits in cold water and usually under great pressure, composed of methane molecules (original released by aquatic bacteria) trapped in a matrix of frozen H2O (methane clathrates are the same thing -- a "clathrate" is just the generic term for anything frozen inside a matrix of anything -- a "hydrate" is a clathrate in which water is the matrix. Methane hydrates is the more usual term today, but "clathrates" come up, as we see below.")
The reason these deposits get people excited is that, since obviously they depend on the cold in order to stay frozen, that they may be destabilized by climate change. Estimates of how much of this stuff there is vary widely, but the lowest estimates are very high; 500 to 2,500 billion tons.
Suppose 1% of that leaked out per year. How bad would that be? Taking a middle estimate of 1,500 billion tons, that would be a release of 15 billion tons. That would approximately double the amount of methane in the atmosphere in a single year, doubling the forcing of methane (which has already doubled once). This would continue in the following year, and the year after that. Assuming no acceleration, and assuming methane decays after ten years, on average, we would end up with 10-15 times at much methane in the atmosphere as we have now, which would lead to an almost instantaneous warming of 1-2 degrees C, plus an additional 1-2 degrees as the long-term feedbacks kick in.
Unfortunately, that methane does not just vanish as it decays -- it turns into CO2 and stratosphere water vapor (a powerful greenhouse gas), such that after ten years, in addition to the warming from the methane, we've also added water vapor and significant amounts of CO2 (roughly 50% over and above our anthropogenic emissions).
The above is probably much too simple, as it ignores the local effects (the most likely location for massive methane releases is in the Arctic, which could thereby lose more sea ice, changing the earth's albedo) and also ignores methane sinks. However, it is enough to give a flavor of why people are concerned.
Some are more concerned than others, pointing, for example, to mass extinctions in which the release of frozen methane deposits may have been the culprit (the clathrate gun hypothesis). On the other hand, climate scientists point out that we really don't have evidence or a convincing mechanism for the sudden release of even 1% of these deposits -- yet. All of which leads us to the reason this debate is heating up right now: scientists who went to the Arctic to study the possibility that methane frozen in undersea permafrost might someday be release were shock to discover hundreds of methane plumes across the Arctic seabed. Their findings quickly settling the question of "Will this happen?" and made the key questions "How long, how fast, how bad?"
I'll talk about those key questions in part three.


Freezing precipitation and snow is expected on Thursday and extremely low temperatures and wind chills are forecasted through the weekend. The City of Carterville has been taking steps this week to prepare for the incoming weather, including insulating vulnerable water valves and meters and strategically pre-treating intersections on snow routes. Because of the rain expected before the snow, full pre-treatment of all streets will cause a loss of road salt from rain water washing the salt down the storm drains.
We ask that residents avoid unnecessary travel during the precipitation and over the next three days. In the event of an issue with water/sewer or roads outside of City Hall’s normal hours of operation, please call the Carterville Fire Department’s non-emergency line at 618-985-8060. If there is an emergency, please call 911.
Although our Street Department plans to keep all roads clear, the possibility of black ice before the snow and single digit temperatures will create many challenges. The City will be focused on making designated snow routes passable first, then working outward into neighborhoods. Attached below is a link to the map of Carterville Snow Routes. Please be safe during the coming days and Happy Holidays!


The loop current can supercharge storms.
ORLANDO, Fla. – The loop current in the Gulf of Mexico has been known for quite some time but became notorious in 2005 for aiding in the rapid intensification of hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
The loop current is an area of warm water that travels up from the Caribbean and past the Yucatan Peninsula. The current continues into the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Florida Strait into the Gulf Stream. This current is characterized by not only extremely warm water but deep warm water.
When tropical systems move over water, they typically upwell cooler water from deep beneath the warm ocean surface. The loop current provides tropical systems that move over them more fuel to work with. Given a favorable upper-level environment, storms that move over the loop current have the potential to strengthen rapidly.
In the case of Invest 93L, which is expected to develop in the Gulf of Mexico, the upper-level environment does not appear pristine. Dry air should try and infiltrate the western side of the storm as it moves over the loop current.
93L will move over the loop current after it departs the Yucatan Peninsula Monday into Tuesday.
This, however, will need to be watched closely as if the disturbance known as Invest 93L gets organized faster than anticipated or fends off hostile environmental conditions more efficiently, can get much stronger than early model guidance suggests.


WEATHERMEN hoisted Storm Signal no. 2 over the Batanes group of islands and Signal no. 1 over the Babuyan group of islands on Tuesday after forecasting tropical storm “Isang” will intensify and become a severe storm this week.
Isang was 170 kilometers east of Basco, Batanes, and packing maximum sustained winds of 80 kilometers per hour near the center and gustiness of up to 97 kph as of 5 p.m on Tuesday.
It was moving west-northwest at 15 kph.
Weather forecaster Aldczar Aurelio said the residents of the western section of Luzon and the Visayas must prepare for moderate to occasionally heavy rainfall as a result of Isang’s enhancement of the southwest monsoon.
Moderate to strong winds will blow from the northwest to the west over Central and Northern Luzon, and from the southwest over the rest of the country. With PNA


Stefan J. Wijnholds, "Constraining Ionospheric Models with Radio Interferometric Self-Calibration Data," URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS), Montreal (Canada), 19-26 August 2017.
Radio interferometers can measure the differential total electron content (TEC) between pairs of lines-of-sight through the ionosphere above the interferometric array very accurately. Such data potentially forms a nice complement to the absolute TEC measurements from GPS receiver networks that usually provide data with lower spatial sampling density and lower accuracy. This paper presents an overview of currently used ionospheric calibration schemes in radio astronomy. For each method, I describe how the data takes care of the 3-D structure of the ionosphere, quantify the accuracy of the differential TEC measurements and discuss the spatial sampling density.
back to publication


In 2012 New Jersey and many other Atlantic seaboard states were hit with one of the most destructive hurricanes of all time, which became the largest and second deadliest Atlantic hurricane in United States history. When it was announced that Hurricane Joaquin, a category 4 hurricane, would likely make landfall along the eastern seaboard, many naturally thought of Superstorm Sandy, merely a category 3 upon landfall.
Luckily, this year’s most massive hurricane has spun out into the Atlantic. However, despite this, South Carolina has received 15 inches of rain in the past few days. Why? According to CNN Weather, the storm is kicking up a “firehose effect” storm system that is riding out the last of the hurricane’s spin. It’s a slow moving system, which is part of the reason South Carolina has been experiencing major flooding, which has resulted in President Obama designating national aid packages for emergency relief, and a state of emergency being declared in-state.
While Hurricane Joaquin is no longer expected to make landfall, large weather systems often have long-distance effects, such as the flash-cold front we have been experiencing in Blairstown over the past couple of days. Stay safe, and keep your eye on the weather.
(Copyright 2015 Tys Sweeney) (Hurricane Chart from cityofchesapeake.net) (Satellite photo from NOAA)


A couple of showers and just a thunderstorm will be possible this day throughout metro Denver. The best chance for rain will be on the south side of city. The majority of the showers will end by 9PM. Skies will remain mostly cloudy overnight with cool temperatures in the low 40s.
Your Thursday will deliver a second round of late afternoon showers & thunderstorms. These storms will likely be sprinkled meaning not everyone will see the rain.
We simply have a submerged rain opportunity on Friday, so again a mostly dry afternoon as temperatures go back to the warmer 70s.
I can not rule out storm and rain chances daily over this weekend. The fantastic news is that the temperatures will remain in the hot 70s.
The heat seems to kick in for a couple of days early next week with readings in the 80s and also a few dry days to enjoy.
Our next opportunity for rain occurs on Wednesday with another cold front that will drop temperatures again to the 70s.
Pinpoint Weather continues to be independently licensed since Colorado’s Most Accurate Forecast by WeatheRate.
We are tracking weather today on FOX31 Denver and Channel 2 News – and when conditions are bad we ship from the Weather Beast.
Buy Tickets for every event – Sports, Concerts, Festivals and more buy tickets


- Station Info
- Featured on 4
Friday, January 25, 2013 - 10:08am
(CNN) — A blast of arctic continues to be a concern for residents throughout much of the mid-west and eastern part of United States, with temperatures like 24 below zero in Maine and 33 below in North Dakota.
In Erie, Pennsylvania they received 16 inches of snow earlier this week and extreme wind chills.
The freezing temperatures even caused problems for firefighters in Chicago who struggled to put out a blaze when water from their hoses turned to ice.


Use an editor to spell check essay. The human impact on natural environment is one of the most pressing issues of contemporary times and a subject of discussion.
Pollution is now a common place term, that our ears are attuned to. We hear about the various forms of pollution and read about it through the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside.
A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty.
Air pollution can further be classified into two sections- Visible air pollution and invisible air pollution.
Another way of looking at Air pollution could be any substance that holds the potential to hinder the atmosphere or the well being of the living beings surviving in it.
The sustainment of all things living is due to a combination of gases that collectively form the atmosphere; the imbalance caused by the increase or decrease of the percentage of these gases can be harmful for survival.
Read here more about 40 facts of air pollution. The Ozone layer considered crucial for the existence of the ecosystems on the planet is depleting due to increased pollution. Global warminga direct result of the increased imbalance of gases in the atmosphere has come to be known as the biggest threat and challenge that the contemporary world has to overcome in a bid for survival.
Types of Pollutants In order to understand the causes of Air pollution, several divisions can be made. Primarily air pollutants can be caused by primary sources or secondary sources. The pollutants that are a direct result of the process can be called primary pollutants. A classic example of a primary pollutant would be the sulfur-dioxide emitted from factories Secondary pollutants are the ones that are caused by the inter mingling and reactions of primary pollutants.
Smog created by the interactions of several primary pollutants is known to be as secondary pollutant. Causes of Air pollution 1. Burning of Fossil Fuels: Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one the major cause of air pollution.
Pollution emitting from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause immense amount of pollution.
We rely on them to fulfill our daily basic needs of transportation. But, there overuse is killing our environment as dangerous gases are polluting the environment.
Carbon Monooxide caused by improper or incomplete combustion and generally emitted from vehicles is another major pollutant along with Nitrogen Oxides, that is produced from both natural and man made processes.Included: environment essay cause and effect essay global warming essay content.
Preview text: The human impact on natural environment is one of the most pressing issues of contemporary times and a subject of discussion. In geographical literature, the ways in which human beings have changed and are changing the face of the earth and the hu.
Air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution.
Creating a Salutary Learning Atmosphere in Class (LAC) Creating a Salutary Learning Atmosphere in Class (LAC) It is commonly agreed abroad that the effect of teaching and learning is to a great extent decided by the learning atmosphere in class (LAC). One Planet Wales Using recycled steel to make new steel enables reductions such as: • million tonnes CO2 emission reduction every year.
Word Wildlife Fund.9 million tonnes of steel made in the UK in heartoftexashop.comemetals. Aug 30, · word essay about the pollution of north america’s atmosphere click to continue According to ann mcclintock, this technique is called bandwagon ann mcclintock writes: everyone’s doing it why don’t you this image suggests that.
Apr 30, · Write a word essay about the pollution of north america’s atmosphere. in your essay include >>> CLICK HERE TO CONTINUE Ielts essay writing pdf Some times i wish i had the guts to pull something off this daring, but i had a thought for my admissions essay that would be a little different.
|Types of Pollutants||Select Page Pollution Essay Pollution refers to the mixing of contaminants or pollutants either foreign substances or naturally occurring contaminants into the natural resources and environment which causes various adverse changes and affects lives on the earth.|
|Human Impact On The Natural Environment Essay||Are you sure you want to delete this answer?|
|Sample Voice Over Scripts - PSA Script Samples | Edge Studio||Word essay about the pollution of north america s atmosphere 27 November, Enjoy proficient essay writing and custom writing services word essay about the pollution of north america s atmosphere provided by professional academic writers Which definition, what one?: I no longer endorse step by step guide to doing a dissertation all the statements in this document.|


It’s going to be a messy week throughout a lot of america and components of Canada.
A snowstorm that already pummeled the Seattle space is transferring via the Midwest and heading towards the Northeast, in line with the Nationwide Climate Service. Farther south, moisture transferring in from the Gulf of Mexico will end in heavy rains, thunderstorms and, probably, flash floods from Louisiana to Ohio. These two programs are going to merge by Tuesday morning.
Elsewhere, the Bay Space in California is anticipating an “atmospheric river.” (Extra on that under.) Hawaii was recovering on Monday from a “historic” winter storm over the weekend that noticed a 191-mile-per-hour wind gust, 60-foot waves and snow on Maui. And the Northwest, which was additionally cleansing up after unusually heavy snowfall final week, was getting a recent coat of snow on Monday from one other storm.
Important flight and transit delays and cancellations are anticipated, officers mentioned, and downed timber and energy disruptions are additionally doable. At Seattle-Tacoma Worldwide Airport, greater than 275 flights have been canceled by noon on Monday.
David Roth, a forecaster on the Nationwide Climate Service, reiterated the official recommendation to stockpile three to seven days of nonperishable meals if you’re in an space that would get heavy snow.
“I do know everybody likes going for the French toast elements, however you’re purported to search for canned meals,” Mr. Roth mentioned wryly. “Issues that will be good if the facility went out.”
The storm transferring into the Midwest might depart greater than a foot of snow within the northernmost states. Toronto was additionally anticipating a mixture of snow and ice pellets, accompanied by robust, gusting winds.
On Tuesday, the storm will intensify and head towards the Northeast, the Climate Service predicted. Northern New England and upstate New York might see greater than a foot of snow. New York Metropolis was anticipated to get 2 to four inches, turning to rain in a while.
Areas to the south of the heaviest snowfall — from Ohio to the Mid-Atlantic area — have been anticipated to see a wintry mixture of precipitation. The nation’s capital was gearing up for regular rain in a single day, after a mixture of sleet, rain and snow closed colleges and snarled commutes on Monday morning.
Seattle has already seen as a lot snowfall in in the future because it normally receives in a yr, spurring Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington to declare a state of emergency on Friday. Temperatures are anticipated to stay low within the area, with a number of further inches of snow anticipated.
Melissa Dye, a forecaster on the Honolulu workplace of the Nationwide Climate Service, mentioned the storm that hit Hawaii over the weekend was uncommon as a result of the winds — which broken timber and houses — got here from the north, and Honolulu confronted stronger gusts than it usually does.
The wind gust of 191 miles per hour was recorded at Mauna Kea, an observatory on the island of Hawaii, whereas the 60-foot waves have been seen off the island of Kauai. The snow that hit Maui might quantity to the best accumulation ever seen at that low an elevation on the island.
The winds have been returning to regular on Monday, although surf was nonetheless reaching harmful heights and surging. The Climate Service warned of highly effective rip currents — and warned boaters to be careful for “an elevated variety of surfers and physique boarders.”
Officers in California have been warning of the hazards of flooding, mudslides and avalanches within the Sierra Nevada vary and elsewhere. The Bay Space was anticipating an “atmospheric river” — during which vapors from the tropics close to Hawaii come near the shore — beginning on Tuesday evening, bringing heavy rain and robust winds.
And so, the standard reminders: Clear snow and ice out of your automobile earlier than driving, so that you just don’t blind or hit different drivers. Go sluggish and be cautious of ice or flooding. Don’t keep exterior too lengthy in very chilly temperatures. Keep in mind the homeless, who face grave risks in winter.
And take coronary heart: There are simply over 5 weeks left till spring begins on March 20.


In the realm of climate change research, one central question looms: how much will the Earth warm as carbon dioxide levels increase due to human activities? Addressing this question has been a challenge for decades, with climate models yielding different answers. However, a new study from The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) offers a fresh perspective. UAH Earth System Science Center Research Scientist Dr. Roy Spencer and UAH Earth System Science Center Director and Alabama State Climatologist Dr. John R. Christy have developed a one-dimensional climate model to tackle this elusive question.
Spencer and Christy’s research, published in the September 2023 issue of Theoretical and Applied Climatology journal, challenges widely accepted climate models. Their objective is to determine the “effective climate sensitivity,” which refers to the amount of warming in response to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The researchers’ model, based on empirical data, suggests that carbon dioxide has a smaller warming effect on the atmosphere than previously believed.
Unlike other climate models, Spencer and Christy’s approach is unique in that it relies on observed data rather than theoretical assumptions. By analyzing data from 1970 to 2021, including measurements of warming in the deep ocean and on land, Spencer and Christy have produced a range of estimates for climate sensitivity. Their model aligns with the lower end of the range, suggesting a climate impact of approximately 1.9°Celsius.
This deviation from other models underscores the importance of their assumption that all climate change is human-caused. If natural factors also contribute to recent warming, the overall climate sensitivity could be even lower than their estimation. This finding challenges the prevailing belief that human activities are the primary drivers of climate change.
The key distinction of the UAH model lies in its reliance on actual observations of warming rather than theoretical assumptions. Utilizing various datasets, spanning over 52 years, the researchers account for warming trends in both the deep ocean and on land. Spencer highlights the significance of this 52-year period, as it represents the era of most rapid warming and lends the highest confidence to observational data.
Additionally, the UAH model takes into account heat storage in deeper layers of land, a factor often ignored by other models. This inclusion provides a more comprehensive understanding of the Earth’s energy balance and further contributes to the conservative estimate of climate sensitivity.
One of the critical advantages of the UAH model is its simplicity. While other computerized climate models struggle to achieve energy conservation, this one-dimensional model successfully upholds this fundamental principle. By meeting this requirement, Spencer argues that any physics-based model of global warming should adhere to the same standard.
Furthermore, the simple framework of the UAH model allows for easy adaptation and incorporation of updated or improved global temperature measurements. As new data becomes available, scientists can build upon this foundation, refining the understanding of climate sensitivity.
The groundbreaking research conducted by Spencer and Christy challenges prevailing climate models and offers an alternative perspective on climate sensitivity. By relying on observational data and emphasizing energy conservation, their model showcases lower estimates for the warming effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This research opens avenues for further exploration and invites scientists to reevaluate current understandings of climate change.
As the world grapples with pressing environmental concerns, understanding the complex dynamics of global warming becomes paramount. With this new research, scientists can refine their models and predictions, fostering a deeper understanding of the Earth’s climate system. This knowledge serves as a foundation for informed decision-making and the development of comprehensive climate change mitigation strategies.
Moreover, the UAH model highlights the significance of empirical data and the importance of continually reassessing theories and assumptions. By approaching climate change research with a critical mindset, the scientific community can uncover new insights and pioneer innovative solutions to address one of the most pressing challenges of our time.
Moving forward, it is essential to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and encourage further research that challenges existing climate models. The UAH model serves as a reminder that continued exploration and open-mindedness are necessary for scientific progress.
As societies grapple with the implications of climate change, policymakers, researchers, and individuals must work together to develop effective strategies for mitigation and adaptation. By embracing critical self-analysis and leveraging the power of diverse perspectives, we can collectively pave the way for a sustainable and resilient future.


York’s city centre Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) has been expanded, after a decision was taken to include Coppergate. This comes after a recent presentation of York’s Annual Air Quality Status Report, which commends the Council’s successful approach to tackling poor air quality.
In a decision taken by Cllr Waller at his Environment Decision Session yesterday, Coppergate will now be included in the city centre’s AQMA in order to tackle air pollution from diesel vehicles in the area and maintain progress in improving the city’s air quality. Time had been allowed since last year’s decision session on the annual review of Air Quality to see if the enforcement of the bus lane had a positive impact on air pollution levels.
As part of the decision session, it was also decided to retain the Fulford AQMA for a further 12 months, despite NO2 in the area remaining below the Council’s health bases objectives. This is to ensure that Fulford’s air quality is monitored in view of future nearby developments in the city.
At the meeting, Cllr Waller asked for future reports on how the new traffic lights systems and charging points for electric cars especially for people living in terraced areas can be delivered to make further improvements.
The decisions come as the Annual Air Quality Report highlights consistent improvement in York’s air quality, when compared to the previous years. The Department for Environment and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) even added that:
‘The Council are taking exceptional steps and effort to actively tackle air quality within the city and the success of this approach is reflected in their results.’
Cllr Andrew Waller, Liberal Democrat Executive Member for Environment, commented:
“It is good to see that our approach has had such an impact in improving the city’s air quality and that it has been recognised by DEFRA. I would like to thank the officers involved for their hard work in achieving this progress, however, we all accept that more work needs to be done to continue these improvements and ensure that future developments do not reverse our position.”
“The importance of ‘good’ Air Quality cannot be understated and we must continue to maintain these improvements through the use of our AQMA’s. We will continue to monitor in the Salisbury Terrace area”
“There is more public interest in particulates and unlike other authorities, York measures these, so we know the PM10 and PM2.5 levels at hotspots. Particulates will continue to be reported annually with the World Health Organisation and EU guidelines.”
“Looking further down the line, as we work to create the UK’s first voluntary Clean Air Zone, York will continue to lead the line in the fight to tackle poor air quality, with a report coming later this year to the Executive following the public consultation.”
For further information on the AQMA decisions that were made, or for more information on the Air Quality Annual Status Report, please visit: http://democracy.york.gov.uk/ieListDocuments.aspx?MId=10835&x=1.


Saturday and Sunday are forecast to be mostly sunny with a chance of fog in the morning.
Brrrr! After an unusually long stretch of clear fall days — with leaves on trees rather than the sidewalk — temperatures dropped overnight this week to the mid-30s, sending many digging for their winter woolen wear.
On Thursday and Friday, lows were recorded at 35 to 36 degrees at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, a couple degrees down from the normal of 42 for the dates, according to Dana Felton, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Seattle.
Rain to the north of Seattle is likely to arrive on Friday afternoon, but it won’t be much, and Felton said the weekend looks to be mostly clear.
Saturday and Sunday are forecast to be mostly sunny with a chance of fog in the morning, he said.
Most Read Local Stories
- 4,500 Expedia employees are coming to Interbay in Seattle. How will the company avoid a traffic mess? VIEW
- The inside story of MCAS: How Boeing's 737 MAX system gained power and lost safeguards | Times Watchdog VIEW
- After 7-year battle, Lake City neighbors rejoice as Lake Washington dead end becomes a public beach
- Man in serious condition after shooting on Capitol Hill, officials say
- Who will Washington's next governor be? Uncertainty over Inslee creates pileup of politicians, domino effects down ballot
The overnight lows are predicted to be slightly warmer, about 42 degrees early Saturday, and will dip a bit, to around 39 degrees, on Sunday and Monday, the weather service is predicting.
Although the rainfall in October was close to normal, with the region getting rain on six of the first eight days of November, much of the accumulated rainfall was between Oct. 25-28.
That “good stretch of dry days we had between the 10th and the 22nd of October” made it feel to some as if we had an extended fall, Felton said.
In addition, he said, the leaves have remained on the trees longer than typical because the region hasn’t seen the kind of strong windstorm that usually rips them down.
“We had two windy, blustery days so far this season, but nothing to totally clean house,” he said.
Never fear, rain lovers, precipitation is predicted for Tuesday and Wednesday. In fact, according to the weather service, most of next week looks wet.


See Gothenburg Live Webcams & Weather Report in Västra
2021-04-23 06:00. Rya Harbour. Bunker One Sweden 341k members in the sweden community. Hej and wälkommen to Göteborg. YR.no, Klart. 19 More posts from the sweden community. 4.7k.
- Motostar i sjobo
- Bulgarien naturresurser
- Atv 850
- Koldioxid paverkan
- Kvittning av fordran
- Elisabeth ohlson wallin silvia
- Bestalla nytt legitimation
- Byggvaruhus norrkoping
- Protestera mot trump i sverige
- Gratis fusion 360
Detailed weather forecast ⚡ in Gothenburg, Västra Götaland County today, tomorrow and 7 days. Wind, precipitation, 🌡 air temperature, clouds and Pictures of Gothenburg Västra Götaland Sweden. Weather Avenue > Europe Weather Europe > Sweden > Västra Götaland >. Weather Gothenburg. > Pictures of View latest weather forecast & winds reports for Sweden. Göteborg (SFG) - Näset · Göteborgs Kungliga Segelsällskap · Gothenburg, Sweden (Göteborg) Forecast to 10 days ahead for sweden - Goteborgs Och Bohus - .
icon 26 F Goteborg Landvetter Airport Station|Report. Report Station.
HAVADURUMU-TR.COM. Weather in Sweden. Sweden
Current weather in Gothenburg and forecast for today, tomorrow, and next 14 days 2020-08-13 · Gothenburg - Weather warnings issued 14-day forecast. Weather warnings issued. Forecast - Gothenburg.
Gothenburg, Goteborgs Och Bohus, SE Live Traffic Cameras
weather in Sweden. Weather in Sweden. Accurate weather forecast for Sweden. Detailed 1-15 day weather forecast. Weather widgets. Weather maps, satellite images, water Current Weather and Temperature in Sweden.
The fortnight ahead will have some days seeing a little precipitation and some days with rain, sleet or snow. Gothenburg, Sweden: Annual Weather Averages. July is the hottest month in Gothenburg with an average temperature of 16°C (61°F) and the coldest is December at 0°C (32°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 8 in July. The wettest month is October with an average of 92mm of rain. The best month to swim in the sea is in July when the average sea temperature is 17°C (63°F).
Illustrator utbildning distans
Weather forecast and meteo conditions. Weather in Goteborg today Sweden · Västra Götalands Län · Goteborg. Weather in Weather in Sweden ⋙ Accurate weather forecast for Sweden today, tomorrow ⛅ Detailed: Weather for a week ⋇ 10 days ⋇ 2 week ⋇ Hourly weather ABDEFGHKLMOPSTUV.
Was it colder? Data reported by the weather station on April 24, 2020. Such day as today a year ago. You can
Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Göteborg, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden.
Forstalk.com güvenli mi
avsluta anställning innan uppsägningstid
More downpours to come for Gothenburg? - Radio Sweden
Today Feb 16th: Wednesday Feb 17th: Thursday Feb 18th: Friday Feb 19th: Saturday Feb 20th Gothenburg weather for Monday 5th April 2021. Below is the Gothenburg weather forecast for Monday 5th April 2021. Expect mostly cloudy with rain in Gothenburg, Sweden with a maximum temperature of 6°C and 3 hours of bright sunshine. There are 5-10 mm of rainfall expected with 47% chance of some rain and a moderate breeze of 23 kph from the west. Sweden Weather Map. The Sweden Weather Map below shows the weather forecast for the next 12 days.
Weather station: Göteborg SMHI Number --- WMO 02513
2021-04-22 · Home Weather Sweden Gothenburg Two-week forecast. 2 Week Extended Forecast in Gothenburg, Sweden. Scroll right to see more Conditions Comfort Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Göteborg, Vastra Gotaland, Sweden.
Regions. A. AleAlingsasAmal. B. BengtsforsBollebygdBoras. D. Dals-Ed.


I was born in 1946, several years after the drought on the Great Plains of the US broke. Rain started falling again in 1939, putting the end of the “Dust Bowl” in sight. I had heard of the Great Depression era Dust Bowl that started in 1930 all my life. But I just connected the “dust” with how DRY the land was, where folks couldn’t grow crops. I knew that wind often blew the dust around, but I pictured in my mind’s eye just some swirls of dust.
It was only a few years ago that, for the first time, I saw a pic with one of these monster “rolling” dust clouds, as shown above, enveloping buildings and whole towns and cities. They could be more than a mile high, and up to 200 miles wide! It would be just like a mountain range rolling toward you! I was dumbfounded. To realize that they ravaged much of the country, sometimes all the way from just east of the Rockies to the East Coast, is mind-boggling. To realize that the conditions that ultimately led to them were in large measure “man-caused” is even more mind-boggling. I had always thought that the whole “Dust Bowl era” was just a “freak of nature.”
From Wiki article, Dust Bowl:
The Dust Bowl, or the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands in the 1930s. The phenomenon was caused by severe drought combined with a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion.
Extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains in the preceding decade had displaced the natural deep-rooted grasses that normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture even during periods of drought and high winds. Rapid mechanization of farm implements, especially small gasoline tractors and widespread use of the combine harvester, were significant in the decisions to convert arid grassland (much of which received no more than 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation per year) to cultivated cropland.
During the drought of the 1930s, without natural anchors to keep the soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, and blew away with the prevailing winds. At times, the clouds blackened the sky, reaching all the way to East Coast cities such as New York City and Washington, D.C.. These immense dust storms – given names such as “black blizzards” and “black rollers” – often reduced visibility to a few feet (a meter) or less.
… beginning on May 9, 1934, a strong, two-day dust storm removed massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst such storms of the Dust Bowl. The dust clouds blew all the way to Chicago, where they deposited 12 million pounds of dust. Two days later, the same storm reached cities in the east, such as Buffalo, Boston, Cleveland, New York City, and Washington, D.C. That winter (1934–1935), red snow fell on New England.
FromWiki article, Black Sunday:
Black Sunday refers to a particularly severe dust storm that took place on April 14, 1935, as part of the Dust Bowl. It was one of the worst dust storms in American history and it caused immense economic and agricultural damage.
…Musicians and songwriters began to reflect the Dust Bowl and the events of the 1930s in their music. Woody Guthrie, a singer/songwriter from Oklahoma, wrote a variety of songs documenting his experiences living during the era of dust storms. One of his songs, “Great Dust Storm”, describes the events of Black Sunday. An excerpt of the lyrics follows:
On the 14th day of April of 1935,
There struck the worst of dust storms that ever filled the sky.
You could see that dust storm comin’, the cloud looked deathlike black,
And through our mighty nation, it left a dreadful track.
From Oklahoma City to the Arizona line,
Dakota and Nebraska to the lazy Rio Grande,
It fell across our city like a curtain of black rolled down,
We thought it was our judgement, we thought it was our doom.
Ken Burns did a major series on the Dust Bowl that first aired on PBS in 2012. It is now available for viewing on Youtube. Check out the five minute trailer for the series below, that has a number of film clips of what it was like during one of these storms, and some short interviews with survivors. If you find it of interest and would like to see the whole series, just type “Ken Burns dust bowl” in the search engine on Youtube.com


When an airplane moves forward, the airflow continues to flow over the aircraft wings. When this airflow is fast enough, it flows over the wings and helps lift the aircraft off the ground.
In flight, this airflow continues to support the aircraft, provided it’s moving fast enough, but when the aircraft flies closer to, at or faster than the speed of sound, things start to get complicated.
The speed of sound is about 768 miles per hour (1,236 kilometers per hour) at sea level.
This is the reason why high speed aircrafts need to be designed differently, than those operating at lower speeds.
What is a Mach number?
In high-speed flight or high-altitude flight, the measurement of speed is expressed in terms of a “Mach number”, the ratio of the true airspeed of the aircraft to the speed of sound in the same atmospheric conditions. An aircraft traveling at the speed of sound is traveling at Mach 1.0.
MACH NUMBER = TAS ( TRUE AIRSPEED OF THE AIRCRAFT) LSS ( LOCAL SPEED OF SOUND)
For the study of high speed flight we are interested in the speed at which the infinitesimally small pressure disturbances (waves) travel through the atmosphere. The speed of propagation of small pressure waves depends upon the temperature of the air only.
The lower the temperature, the lower the speed of propagation.
How IAS affects Mach Number?
- It is known that temperature decreases with increasing altitude, so the speed of sound will decrease as altitude is increased.
- It is known that if altitude is increased at a constant IAS, the TAS increases.
- Hence, Mach no. increases if altitude is increased at a constant IAS.
- ISA (International Standard Atmosphere) states that temperature decreases from 15°c at sea level to -56.5°c at 36,090 ft., then remains constant.
- The speed of sound will therefore decrease with altitude up till tropopause and then remain constant.
What is Crossover altitude?
We know when the altitude decreases the temperature increases, LSS (Local Speed of Sound) will increase and TAS will increase.
- Climbing at a constant IAS, there is a risk of exceeding MMO.
- Descending at a constant Mach, there is a risk of exceeding VMO.
The point at which the aircraft changes to fly at a constant Mach number from a constant IAS climb to avoid exceeding MMO (maximum operating limit speed), is known as crossover altitude. It depends on the OAT. The lower the OAT, the lower the crossover altitude.
To know more about High Speed Flight, stay tuned with Tech Talks on Saturdays.
For more articles on aviation tech, Click here!


AP Photo/Lee Jin-man
A woman holds an umbrella against the strong wind and rain caused by Typhoon Sanba in Seoul, South Korea, Monday, Sept. 17, 2012. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man) The Associated Press
A series of severe thunderstorm warnings have ended in southern Ontario, though much of the region remains under wind warnings on Sunday evening.
A special weather statement from Environment Canada says that a cold front is moving through southwestern Ontario on Sunday night, bringing "very strong and gusty" southwesterly winds with it.
Winds of 50 km/h to 70 km/h are expected, though some areas close to the Great Lakes could be hit with even stronger winds.
As of mid-afternoon on Sunday, Environment Canada had issued wind warnings for the following areas:
- Windsor — Leamington — Essex County.
- Chatham-Kent — Rondeau Park.
- Sarnia — Petrolia — Western Lambton County.
- Watford — Pinery Park — Eastern Lambton County.
- Rodney — Shedden — Western Elgin County.
- St. Thomas — Aylmer — Eastern Elgin County.
- Strathroy — Komoka — Western Middlesex County.
- London — Parkhill — Eastern Middlesex County.
- Stratford — Mitchell — Southern Perth County.
- Goderich — Bluewater — Southern Huron County.
- Listowel — Milverton — Northern Perth County.
- Wingham — Blyth — Northern Huron County.
- Brantford — County of Brant.
- Woodstock — Tillsonburg — Oxford County.
- Simcoe — Delhi – Norfolk.
- Kitchener — Cambridge — Region of Waterloo.
- Guelph — Erin — Southern Wellington County.
- Mount Forest — Arthur — Northern Wellington County.
- City of Hamilton.
- Dunnville — Caledonia — Haldimand.
- Niagara Falls — Welland — Southern Niagara Region.
- St. Catharines — Grimsby — Northern Niagara Region.
- Hanover — Dundalk — Southern Grey County.
- Saugeen Shores — Kincardine — Southern Bruce County.
- Owen Sound — Blue Mountains — Northern Grey County.
- Bruce Peninsula — Sauble Beach — Tobermory.
- Orangeville — Grand Valley — Southern Dufferin County.
- Shelburne — Mansfield — Northern Dufferin County.
- Innisfil — New Tecumseth — Angus.
- Barrie — Collingwood — Hillsdale.
- Orillia — Lagoon City — Washago.
- Midland — Coldwater — Orr Lake.
- Burlington — Oakville.
- Halton Hills — Milton.
- Mississauga — Brampton.
- City of Toronto.
- Vaughan — Richmond Hill — Markham.
- Pickering — Oshawa — Southern Durham Region.
- Newmarket — Georgina — Northern York Region.
- Uxbridge — Beaverton — Northern Durham Region.
- Peterborough City — Lakefield — Southern Peterborough County.
- Lindsay — Southern Kawartha Lakes.
- Apsley — Woodview — Northern Peterborough County.
- Fenelon Falls — Balsam Lake Park — Northern Kawartha Lakes.
- Cobourg — Colborne — Western Northumberland County.
- Belleville — Quinte West — Eastern Northumberland County.
- Picton — Sandbanks Park.
- Napanee — Consecon.
- Kingston — Odessa.
- Bracebridge — Gravenhurst.
- Port Carling — Port Severn.
- Town of Parry Sound — Rosseau — Killbear Park.
- Huntsville — Baysville.
- Bayfield Inlet — Dunchurch.
- South River — Burk's Falls.
Environment Canada had warned that thunderstorms could form along the edge of the cold front as it moved across the province.
Severe thunderstorm warnings had been issued for more than three dozen southern Ontario communities on Sunday afternoon or evening, though all were ended after 8 p.m. ET.
Environment Canada also ended a number of related severe thunderstorm watches on Sunday evening.


While Chiang Mai is one of the most sought-after destinations in Thailand, there is one time of year when it’s not so pleasant; the Chiang Mai Burning Season.
The infamous Burning Season in Chiang Mai can be the worst time to visit the region, as it brings with it smog and polution, as well as hot temperatures.
But if you’re going to be in Chiang Mai during this period, don’t worry, we’ve prepared all the info you need to navigate this smoky season like a pro!
Why is there a burning season in Thailand?
The reason behind the burning season in Chiang Mai is so farmers can clear land after harvesting crops, and prepare it for the next agricultural cycle.
It’s the quickest and easiest way to remove agricultural waste, and it’s also cost effective.
Sadly, the downside to this practice, is that it leads to air pollution, affecting both locals and tourists.
The burning of crops, combined with wind patterns and the fact that it’s done during the hottest time of the year, create a huge smog, or smoke, that wafts over Northern Thailand on the whole.
When Is Chiang Mai Burning Season and How Long Does It Last?
The burning season in Chiang Mai typically occurs between late February or early March until April, however it can sometimes begin in late January and continue on until May.
Burning needs to happen when the wind and weather conditions are optimal, in order to reduce the amount of pollution created and to ensure fires don’t burn out of control, so it’s not a specific time as to when it starts and finishes.
During this time, the air quality can deteriorate due to the burning of agricultural waste and forests in Northern Thailand, and the worst pollution/air quality tends to be in mid-March and on into late April. The pollution will usually linger until a rainstorm hits to clear it away.
But fear not, it’s not a continuous smoky nightmare throughout these months. The intensity of the haze may vary from day to day, with the most smog in the middle of the day when the wind dies down, so it’s crucial to stay updated during your visit.
You can check the Thailand Air Quality Index for reports of levels of pollution in specific areas in Thailand on any given day.
What Do They Burn in Chiang Mai?
During the burning season, you’ll mainly find farmers are burning agricultural waste, such as rice straw and corn husks. They also burn crops that were unable to sell on the market, and other materials that may lay in their fields.
The smoke from these fires contains fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can be harmful and irritating to the respiratory system.
The biggest cause of pollution however, is when the burning of agriculture gets out of control and causes forest fires. The forest fires contribute to 90% of the pollution caused during burning season.
Where is affected by the Burning Season?
While Chiang Mai is the most well-known destination affected by the burning season, other parts of Northern Thailand, such as Chiang Rai, Pai, and Mae Hong Son, also experience similar conditions.
The severity of the haze can vary across different locations in the region. Chiang Mai is the worst affected, with more than 75% of the air pollution caused by the burning season during this time of year.
Tips for Visiting Thailand During the Burning Season
If you happen to be in Chiang Mai, or anywhere in Thailand during the burning season, here are some important tips to consider.
- Stay Updated: Keep a close eye on air quality reports and weather forecasts. Several websites and smartphone apps provide real-time data on air pollution levels in Chiang Mai. Adjust your plans accordingly to avoid the worst days.
- Protect Yourself: When venturing out during smoky days, wear a high-quality mask, preferably an N95 or equivalent, to filter out harmful particles. Additionally, consider carrying eye drops and throat lozenges to alleviate any discomfort caused by the smog.
- Opt for Indoor Activities: On days when the air quality is particularly bad, explore indoor attractions such as museums, art galleries, or take part in cooking classes to make the most of your time in Chiang Mai without compromising your health.
- Escape to Cleaner Air: If the smoky conditions become unbearable, consider visiting less affected areas by the burning season. The islands in Southern Thailand are a good place to go when the air quality becomes unmanageable as the air is usually unaffected here.
- Get An Indoor Air Purifier: If you cannot leave Chiang Mai, invest in an indoor air purifier to protect your home from harmful particles in the air.
Remember, the burning season in Chiang Mai may pose challenges, but with proper planning and precautions, it’s possible to stay safe.
While it may not be the best time of year to visit Chiang Mai, we hope this guide helped give you some understanding as to what it’s like during this time of year and what you can do to protect yourself.
Remember to stay informed, stay safe, and if all else fails, head to the coast.


At the beginning of July, whilst we still had a summer, I took a trip up to Craigmeade on the Lomond Hills, in Fife. For the map of this location, click here.
It seems crazy it was only a month ago, Autumn seems to have arrived very early this year just a few days after I took these photos.
The beginning of the morning was completely cloudless, but by 10 am wisps of clouds had started to develop on the tops of the Lomond Hills.
By mid morning, I was able to watch the clouds developing over the top of Falkland Hill, one of the high points on the Lomond Hills.
By late morning the clouds had begun to develop in earnest, as the warmer air pushed the moist air higher over the hills.
Between the thicker cloud there was some wonderful high level cirrus clouds. these clouds consist almost totally of small ice crystals due to the altitude at which they form. The lower fluffier clouds (nimbostratus) consist of small droplets of water, and generate rain, something we have seen plenty of this summer.
On my walk back up the valley, heading towards the Craigmeade car park, I noticed how you could now make out the line of the North fife Hills, from the band of nimbostratus cloud in the distance.
Coming up soon, the flowers and insects that I saw on this brief walk.
If you have any questions or would like to comment on this or any other post, please feel free to use the comment section below.


Stormy weather is coming: A word on tropical cyclones from our severe weather expert
Author: Bruce Buckley, Principal Climate Research Analyst, Insurance Australia Group
Although it is a strong El Niño season and the total number of tropical cyclones may be reduced compared to normal years there have been very intense tropical cyclone impacts in previous El Niño years. You only have to go back to the 2009/2010 El Niño and recall that there were four tropical cyclone impacts on the coast that season, including TC Ului that significantly damaged the Whitsunday region of Queensland.
Did you know? Tropical cyclones are also known as typhoons in the east Asian region and hurricanes in the American region
In Australia the intensity of tropical cyclones is simplified into five categories, as shown in the Table following. This intensity scale is different to the scale used to describe tropical cyclones (hurricanes) in the USA region, which is the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale. Once a tropical cyclone reaches Category 3 intensity it is classified as a severe tropical cyclone. However, even low category tropical cyclones can be very damaging, such as category 1 TC Wanda that triggered the devastating Brisbane floods in 1974.
|Category||Maximum Mean Wind (km/h)||Typical Strongest Gust (km/h)||Central Pressure (hPa)||Typical Effects|
|1||63 - 88||< 125||> 985||Negligible house damage. Damage to some crops, trees and caravans. Craft may drag moorings|
|2||89 - 117||125 - 164||985 - 970||Minor house damage. Significant damage to signs, trees and caravans. Heavy damage to some crops. Risk of power failure. Small craft may break moorings.|
|3||118 - 159||165 - 224||970 - 955||Some roof and structural damage. Some caravans destroyed. Power failures likely. (e.g. Winifred)|
|4||160 - 199||225 - 279||955 - 930||Significant roofing loss and structural damage. Many caravans destroyed and blown away. Dangerous airborne debris. Widespread power failures. (e.g. Tracy, Olivia)|
|5||> 200||> 279||< 930||Extremely dangerous with widespread destruction. (e.g.Vance)|
Table 1: The Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale. Source: The Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
Did you know? In Australia once a tropical cyclone has sustained gale force winds it is given a name, if it leads to death or major property damage its name is then retired.
The cost of tropical cyclone impacts
The Insurance Council of Australia published the top 10 most damaging catastrophe events for
Did you know? 3 of the 10 most damaging Australian catastrophe events up until the end of 2011 were tropical cyclones.
The most recent Tropical Cyclone to significantly damage Australian property was TC Marcia that struck the Yeppoon – Rockhampton region in February this year.
Marcia, which produced insured damage totalling $522 million according to Insurance Council of Australia figures, served as a reminder that even parts of
Protecting your company and personal property
Damage from tropical cyclones can come in several guises and can be extremely severe. There can be direct damage produced by destructive winds that accompany the passage of a tropical cyclone, or flash and river flooding from the cyclone’s very heavy rainfall, a combination of wind and rain damage, or storm surge from elevated sea levels. There can be prolonged power and telecommunication outages. Water supplies can be interrupted, as can all forms of transportation.
Business interruption following a major tropical cyclone impact can therefore be substantial.
CGU have a wide range of insurance options to cater for the needs of every business that operates in tropical
Damage claims are rapidly assessed and a wide range of specialist repairers are on CGU’s books to ensure any damage is rectified as quickly as possible.
CGU also offer a range of marine insurance should you have a boat, yacht or other marine vessel that needs protection.
Visit the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s website here - http://www.bom.gov.au
Images (L-R): Image 1: A pile-up of boats in Hinchinbrook Marina following cyclone Yasi. Source: brisbanetimes.com.au Picture: Paul Crock/AFP Image 2: Satellite image of Marcia right at the time of landfall Source: US Naval Research Laboratory / Japanese Meteorological Agency / NOAA Image 3: A home in Yeppoon suffered heavy damage as Marcia swept through. Source: theaustralian.com.au Picture: Peter Wallis
About the Author
Bruce Buckley has been Principal Climate Research Analyst with Insurance Australia Group for over 7 years. Bruce has also been team meteorologist for the Australian Sailing Team for the London and now Rio Olympic Games.
Prior to joining the IAG team, Bruce spent 30 years at the Bureau of Meteorology in the Perth, Melbourne and Sydney Offices in various senior roles, including spending more than 10 years at the Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. Bruce is co-author of 5 books and author of around 20 scientific publications.