By The DHVMED Air Quality Division Team
Israel’s Clean Air Act was enacted in 2008, marking the first time that the regulation of various sources of air pollutant emissions was incorporated within the framework of a single law.
The law was initially promoted by the Adam Teva V’Din, a nonprofit public association, and was formulated by several members of the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, in cooperation with the association and other environmental bodies. The law was first proposed in the Knesset in 2005 and was approved three years later, in July 2008, without opposition. In accordance with Article 93 of the law, it entered into force on January 1, 2011.
The Clean Air Act has brought a significant change in the way by which the Ministry of Environmental Protection and other governmental ministries handle sources of pollutant emissions. The process of issuing emission permits in Israel is based primarily on European Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75 (the IED Directive) for regulating industrial plants, which was promulgated in November 2010. The IED Directive consolidates requirements specified in the IPPC Directive, the Large Combustion Plant Directives, the VOC Solvents Emissions Directive and others.
DHVMED began its work by assisting in the regulation of chemical plants located in the Neot Hovav Industrial Zone located about 10 km south of the city of Beer Sheva. The main factors that led to the regulation of these plants were the excess chemical emissions and severe odour nuisances suffered by the residents of Beer Sheva due to the operation of the plants and their industrial wastewater evaporation ponds. At the same time, construction of a principal military base was being planned at a distance of about 9 km downwind of the industrial zone, which would have endangered the health of those serving at the military base.
Construction of the military base was the most significant trigger in initiating the handling of these plants. The process of regulating industrial plants received a strong push following the success in handling the Neot Hovav chemical plants, after which a campaign began to regulate other significant sources of emissions such as those from cement plants and quarries.
“DHVMED has been providing consulting services in the regulation of industrial plants for the Ministry of Environmental Protection since 2004″
Upon enactment of the Clean Air Act in 2011, a process of regulating all industry in Israel began based on the IPPC directive and later on, based on the IED directive. The law set a transitional period of 4 years during which approximately 180 of the most significant plants from the standpoint of air emissions were granted an air emissions permit. In order to monitor the contribution of the plants to air pollution measured at the various monitoring stations operated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and by municipal environmental units, the Ministry, with the assistance of DHVMED, manages an inventory of pollutants emitted into the air. This geographic registry is managed at both the point level (such as by stack, tank, stockpile, etc.) as well as at the general level (Israel’s fleet of vehicles). The method of calculation used for this registry, which was developed by DHVMED and based on methodologies commonly used in Europe and globally, is adapted to information from each source of emissions where a compatible bottom-up or up to bottom approach is used for each source and each sector. The evaluation of trends and their integration together with analysis of the findings from monitoring and environmental sampling assist in the decision-making process and in determining regulatory policies at the plant, sector, industrial area and national levels.
The process of issuing emissions permits to the largest industrial plants as required by the Clean Air Act was completed by the Ministry in September 2016.
Since 2016, DHVMED has continued to assist the Ministry in renewing emissions permits, while reviewing policy documents, procedures and professional guides. DHVMED has assisted in the process of revising most of the principal documents, among them stack monitoring and sampling procedures, environmental monitoring and sampling policies and an environmental sampling procedure, a procedure for monitoring emissions from equipment components (LDAR), fenceline monitoring, guidelines for submitting annual reports that the plants must provide and management of a system for monitoring stack samples.
In 2018, 10 years after enactment of the Clean Air Act and approximately18 months after completion of the process of issuance of emissions permits to the plants, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued an economic analysis of the benefits that accrued to the economy and the environment from implementation of the law, which were expressed in savings of NIS 115 billion in contrast with an investment of NIS 38 billion. As such, for every NIS 1 invested in reducing emissions, the economy gained NIS 3. The report was prepared by DHVMED through a team that included air quality experts, industrialists and economists. The team collected cost data from industrial plants, the Israel Electric Corporation, engineering firms specializing in facilities that reduce the emission of pollutants into the environment and others while taking into consideration the externalized cost effects of the most common pollutants.
“Over the last several years, we have witnessed a significant reduction in the emission of pollutants into the environment”
A team of air quality and GIS specialists at DHVMED recently performed an air quality analysis for the Sharon Carmel Municipal Environmental Association. The largest power plant in Israel – the Rabin Lights Power Station – is located in the association’s jurisdiction. This station operates six coal-fired production units. Devices to reduce sulfur oxides (FGD), nitrogen oxides (SCR) and particulates (ES) have been installed on two of the units in the last few years. Devices have not been installed on the other four units, which are planned to cease operation in 2022. In the framework of this project, we divided the association area into zones with similar climatic and topographic characteristics and ran the AERMOD pollutant dispersal model for each separate tract. In order to obtain a picture of existing conditions for the entire association area, we consolidated the results of the model using ARCGIS software. This data was analyzed using the software’s spatial analysis tool and thereafter underwent spatial dispersal using an inverse distance weighted (IDW) method.
So, what about the future? As part of the requirements of the Air Quality Act, the environmental values of various pollutants specified in the law are examined once every 5 years.
DHVMED has become a leader in the field of air quality regulatory consulting for various bodies. It now sees the issue of air quality from a 360° perspective that includes recognition of the sources of emissions and manner of their operation that contributes to the formation of pollutants, quantitative assessment of emissions, the adaptation of technologies and special methods for preventing and mitigating emissions, supervision over compliance of sources of pollution with mitigation objectives determined for them and in the implementation of mitigation plans, examining the impact of implementation plans on other mediums and economic assessments from the cost-benefit standpoint of the feasibility of reducing pollutant emissions.
We foresee that the health consequences resulting from exposure to high levels of air pollution will take a significantly larger place in public discourse in the coming years. We also foresee that the focus in the long-term will not only be at the environmental level but will rather also be on the level of the individual through “personal exposure monitoring” to air pollution. Insofar as the level of commuting by the public has increased and people are exposed to various levels of pollution in the daily environment (such as at the office, in vehicles, trains, at home, etc.), the goal will be to study low-level exposure of individuals to air pollution according to lifestyle.
In order to study this, DHVMED is currently working on the development of less expensive and simpler monitoring systems that will make it possible to obtain a qualitative picture of air quality in various places, to obtain alerts when there is an increase or change in pollutants levels in the environment with respect to local standards and also provide air quality index (AQI) values. The system includes devices for monitoring air pollutants, meteorological parameters and software that processes the data and provides an up-to-date picture of conditions. In addition, the software will enable each subscriber to receive warnings and information regarding high air pollution values and recommendations to reduce their personal exposure. Moreover, the system has a dashboard that makes it possible for decision-makers to receive a regular situation report on air quality conditions. The aim of the system is to provide a readily available and accessible service to the public and decision-makers regarding air quality conditions and to take ad hoc decisions when a warning of a problem is received.
The author is the Manager of the Air Quality Division at DHVMED. The division provides consulting services in a variety of air quality fields, among them environmental regulation compliance by industrial plants and power plants, calculation and development of an emissions registry, performance of surveys of air quality from transportation sources, environmental impact statements, analysis of air pollutant dispersal through sophisticated physical models, cost-benefit analyses, epidemiological analysis and odour surveys. For further information: firstname.lastname@example.org


The sun will rise this morning at 6:31, and set 14 hours and 36 minutes later at 9:08 this evening. We’re now losing about 6 minutes 43 seconds a day. It’s starting to feel like fall, though, if not quite like winter. The official airport temperature hasn’t dropped below freezing yet, though it reached 33 °F Saturday morning, and I’m pretty sure it was colder out my way.
I’ve put the plastic cover on the squash, put row cover on the potted mints, and started bringing the rest of the potted plants into the garage overnight. I also separated the hoses from the outdoor faucets. Even “frostproof” fittings can be damaged by freezing if the hoses are left attached. So far the only actual frost damage I’ve seen was discoloration of the growing tips of the pineapple sage. The forecast suggests slight warming next week, but lows are still forecast in the 30’s.
It’s dried out a little, though it’s now official: 2014 was the wettest summer in nearly a hundred year of records in Fairbanks. Certainly it’s the first summer I’ve had to do almost no watering!


The Manila Baywalk is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Philippines — and for good reason. Situated along the scenic Manila Bay, the Baywalk offers brilliant views of both the sunset and the ocean. However, like any other destination across the world, knowing the weather condition is essential to planning the perfect trip.
In addition to the hourly, animated weather map above (updated at a minimum of 4 intervals every 24 hours), the video to the left — updated twice each day, at 2AM and 2PM — provides you with a daily, localized activity and weather report for both the beach and Manila Baywalk area — as well as cities throughout the Philippines and a brief regional synopsis.
Additionally, the video shares both the most updated, local activity and forecasts regarding rain/rainfall, wind, temperature, flooding, earthquakes, tropical cyclones/typhoons, air quality and even mosquitos.
The climate at and around the Manila Baywalk is tropical, with high humidity levels averaging around 78% and temperatures ranging from 22°C to 33°C (72°F to 91°F) throughout the year. The Philippines generally experiences two seasons: the dry season from November to April and the wet season from May to October.
During the dry season (November to April), the climate provides mostly sunny skies, and although still hot, more-easily-tolerable temperatures. The Amihan season (October to February) occurs mostly during these dry months. Its cooler, northeast monsoon winds bring with them the lower temperatures and drier weather conditions.
However, during the wet season (May to October), there is an increased level of humidity, and many afternoons bring varying levels of rainfall, which can — depending on conditions — last for only a few minutes or for hours. The Habagat season (typically June to September), is the southwest monsoon season and brings occasional heavy rains and strong winds.
Due to the Philippines’ location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, the typhoon season generally occurs from July to September — almost perfectly aligning with the Habagat season. These typhoons can bring torrential rainfall, strong winds and storm surges. Recent typhoons have brought maximum, sustained winds that have exceeded 250 km/h.


An air quality sampling program was designed and implemented to collect the baseline concentrations of respirable suspended particulates (RSP = PM10), non-respirable suspended particulates (NRSP) and fine suspended particulates (FSP = PM2.5). Over a three-week period, a 24-h average concentrations were calculated from the samples collected at an industrial site in Southern Delhi and compared to datasets collected in Satna by Envirotech Limited, Okhla, Delhi in order to establish the characteristic difference in emission patterns. PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulates (TSP) concentrations at Satna were 20.5 +/- 6.0, 102.1 +/- 41.1, and 387.6 +/- 222.4 microg m(-3) and at Delhi were 126.7 +/- 28.6, 268.6 +/- 39.1, and 687.7 +/- 117.4 microg m(-3). Values at Delhi were well above the standard limit for 24-h PM2.5 United States National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USNAAQS; 65 microg m(-3)), while values at Satna were under the standard limit. Results were compared with various worldwide studies. These comparisons suggest an immediate need for the promulgation of new PM2.5 standards. The position of PM10 in Delhi is drastic and needs an immediate attention. PM10 levels at Delhi were also well above the standard limit for 24-h PM10 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS; 150 microg m(-3)), while levels at Satna remained under the standard limit. PM2.5/PM10 values were also calculated to determine PM2.5 contribution. At Satna, PM2.5 contribution to PM10 was only 20% compared to 47% in Delhi. TSP values at Delhi were well above, while TSP values at Satna were under, the standard limit for 24-h TSP NAAQS (500 microg m(-3)). At Satna, the PM10 contribution to TSP was only 26% compared to 39% in Delhi. The correlation between PM10, PM2.5, and TSP were also calculated in order to gain an insight to their sources. Both in Satna and in Delhi, none of the sources was dominant a varied pattern of emissions was obtained, showing the presence of heterogeneous emission density and that nonrespirable suspended particulate (NRSP) formed the greatest part of the particulate load.


Tabaco City, [05.18.17] – A strong lightning has tragically killed a male duck keeper in the middle of rice field at the height of heavy downpour on Wednesday afternoon in Purok 3, Barangay Pawa, Tabaco City.
Police identified the victim as Antonio Oropesa, 35 years old, single, of Purok 1, Barangay Napo, Polangui, Albay.
Oropesa’s body was discovered at 5:45 o’ clock in the afternoon of May 17, 2017 on prone position by Barangay Kagawad Teofilo Arenal and Domingo Serrano.
The victim’s body was seared when found, police report said.
Oropesa is the second casualty of lightning death recorded this year in Albay, the first recorded death was documented in Ligao City last April this year.
In the country, mapping of lightning is not included in national and local disaster risk reduction management program on how to mitigate deaths and protect the lives properties of the lowly farmers, despite on the rising occurrences – lightning mapping is not included in the priority.
What is Lightning?
Lightning is a sudden high-voltage discharge of electricity that occurs within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. Globally, there are about 40 to 50 flashes of lightning every second, or nearly 1.4 billion flashes per year. These electrical discharges are powerful and deadly.
Each year, lightning strikes kill people, livestock, and wildlife. Each year lightning is also responsible for billions of dollars in damage to buildings, communication systems, power lines, and electrical equipment. In addition, lightning costs airlines billions of dollars per year in flight rerouting and delays. For these reasons, maps that show the distribution of lightning across the Earth are important for economic, environmental, and safety reasons. [http://geology.com/articles/lightning-map.shtml]
Regions of Intense Lightning Activity
Several broad regions on Earth experience an unusual amount of lightning. Six of these areas are listed below along with the reasons for their unusual levels of lightning activity.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo in central Africa has the highest frequency of lightning on Earth. Year-round thunderstorms there are caused by local convection and moisture-laden air masses from the Atlantic Ocean encountering mountains as they move across the continent.
Northwestern South America, where warm winds from the Pacific Ocean carry moisture-laden air masses up the Andes Mountains, causing cooling and thunderstorm activity.
The Himalayan Forelands, where seasonal winds carry warm, moist air from the Indian Ocean up the front of the mountain range, causing cooling and thunderstorm activity.
Central Florida, between Tampa and Orlando, is known as “lightning alley.” There, warm, rising air pulls in sea breezes from the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.
The Pampas of Argentina, where moist seasonal winds coming off the Atlantic Ocean in summer and spring produce violent thunderstorms.
Indonesia, where winds from the Indian Ocean push warm, moist air up the volcanic mountain ranges of Java and Sumatra to produce thunderstorms. [http://geology.com/articles/lightning-map.shtml]


SpaceX and Virgin Galactic can destroy the planet: what scientists say
Scientists from University College London conducted a study and found that emissions from Elon Musk’s SpaceX rockets and Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic rocket planes can interfere with the restoration of the ozone layer and contribute to a stronger retention of heat in the atmosphere than all known sources of greenhouse gases.
In the course of the study, scientists found that black carbon particles that enter the atmosphere from the spent rocket fuel of two American billionaires are 500 times more efficient at keeping heat in the atmosphere than all other sources of greenhouse emissions combined. Thus, global warming is increasing on the planet. In addition, frequent rocket launches with space tourists can stop the recovery of the ozone layer, which protects our planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Threat to the planet from space tourism
Scientists have come to such disappointing conclusions by drawing up future flight scenarios that show that with frequent launches every day or even every week, catastrophic consequences for the planet cannot be avoided.
The space tourism boom, led by three US companies, SpaceX, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic, began in 2021. The number of launches of rockets with space tourists will increase and will be even more, scientists say. And it can cause huge damage to the environment.
But the use of certain fuels by SpaceX and Virgin Galactic will lead to even more global warming and halt the recovery of the ozone layer that began with the Montreal Protocol, which went into effect in 1989. This document obliged the countries of the world to abandon the production of substances that destroy the ozone layer, and as a result, over the past decades, it has begun its recovery.
We need to take the necessary measures to save the Earth
“Our study shows that black carbon particles, which are emissions from the named companies’ tourist space rockets, have a much greater impact on the climate than airplanes and other sources of greenhouse gases on Earth. We need to start regulating this booming space tourism industry,” says Eloise Marais from University College London.
According to Marais colleague Robert Ryan, the ozone layer has begun to recover best in the upper stratosphere, but this is where the impact of emissions from tourist rockets will be most severe in the near future.
“These are really massive changes in the ozone layer that threaten its recovery. We also want to find out what effect emissions from commercial launches have on the atmosphere at launch and on return. We also aim to study other fuels that are currently used or will be used in other rockets. You need to understand all the consequences that the era of space tourism brings with it, ”says Ryan.
According to scientists, the necessary measures must be taken now, otherwise climate change will become even stronger, and a huge hole will appear in the ozone layer again, as it was already in the early 80s of the last century.
We remind you that SpaceX for the first time sent a group of tourists to the ISS, each of which paid $ 55 million for the flight.


Accelerating global warming is driving a rising tide of impacts that could cause profound human misery and ecological disaster, and there is only one way to avoid catastrophe: drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Scientific evidence has removed any lingering doubt that human activity is "unequivocably"
responsible for global warming, says the IPCC [Credit: Pablo Cozzaglio/AFP]
Spread across 10,000 pages, these are the main takeaways from a trio of UN reports on climate...
READ FULL ARTICLE »


New Delhi: India is the world’s largest emitter of anthropogenic sulphur dioxide, which is produced from coal burning, and greatly contributes to air pollution, a study claimed on Monday. According to an analysis of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) data released by environmental NGO Greenpeace on Monday, India has more than 15 per cent of all anthropogenic sulphur dioxide (SO2) hotspots in the world detected by the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite. Also Read – Uddhav bats for ‘Sena CM’The major SO2 emission hotspots in India are Singrauli in Madhya Pradesh, Neyveli and Chennai in Tamil Nadu, Talcher and Jharsuguda in Odisha, Korba in Chhattisgarh, Kutch in Gujarat, Ramagundam in Telangana and Chandrapur and Koradi in Maharashtra. The vast majority of plants in India lack flue-gas desulfurization technology to reduce their air pollution, according to the analysis. The NASA data also highlights other hotspots across the globe, with the Norilsk smelter complex in Russia being the largest SO2 emission hotspot in the world, followed by Kriel in Mpumalanga province in South Africa and Zagroz in Iran. However, as per country-wise world rankings, India was found at the top position in emitting SO2 as it has the maximum hotspots. Environment experts called for a strict action on coal power plants. They said these plants should not be given a free hand to continue polluting and causing a health emergency situation in the country.


Carbon Cycle-Climate Feedbacks
Climate warming may stimulate microbial respiration of soil organic carbon, causing a carbon cycle-climate feedback whereby carbon is redistributed from soil to atmospheric CO2. The magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, in part because warming-induced shifts in microbial physiology could retard or accelerate soil carbon losses. It is vital to reduce the uncertainty in this feedback given that soils are a vast repository for organic carbon, meaning that even small proportional losses could dramatically affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations and hence demand much greater reductions in fossil fuel emissions to meet climate targets. The high uncertainty is reflected in the large spread among Earth System Model results for how the global stock of soil carbon will respond to climate change.
In the last decade, physical climate scientists have dramatically improved our confidence in climate change projections. They have primarily made these gains by comparing climate models with different structures to represent and then refine contrasting viewpoints on the mechanisms that regulate the climate system. In contrast, many biological assumptions in climate models are represented through a common structure that reflects an outdated conception of the mechanisms thought to regulate soil carbon turnover. Recognition of such limitations is spurring efforts to explicitly represent microbes in models to capture emerging understanding of how soil carbon is formed and stabilized. We are working on providing the process-level knowledge for how microbial physiology might be represented in the models, through field and lab experiments that seek to understand the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms whereby climate affects microbial activity.


The first show was about scientists fearing a mega freeze could make winters unbearable in northern climates. The second show - scientists fearing that global warming would cause sea levels to rise and mega hurricanes.
So let me get this straight - "scientists" fear global cooling may occur. And they fear global warming may happen.
And those "scientists" expect us to take them seriously when they put forth their unproven theories! When did actual science get left behind in the quest for gaining fame and funding for a theory?


Printer friendly versionALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORTThursday, March 8, 2012 10:50 AM AKST (Thursday, March 8, 2012 19:50 UTC)CLEVELAND VOLCANO
52°49'20" N 169°56'42" W, Summit Elevation 5676 ft (1730 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Current Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
A small, short duration explosion was detected from Cleveland Volcano on distant seismic stations and infrasound arrays. The time of the explosion was approximately 4:05 UTC March 8 (7:05 PM March 7, AKST.) Weather cloud conditions prevented the detection of an eruption cloud in satellite images or visual observation of the summit. This explosion was similar to recent small events that occurred in December 2011 and produced small ash clouds that dissipated quickly and did not affect air traffic. At this time, no further activity has been detected.
It remains possible for intermittent, sudden explosions of ash to occur at any time. Ash clouds exceeding 20,000 feet above sea level may develop. Such explosions and their associated ash clouds may go undetected in satellite imagery for hours. If a large, explosive, ash-producing event occurs, seismic, infrasound, or volcanic lightning may be detected by local and regional monitoring networks. There is no real-time seismic monitoring network on Mount Cleveland.
VOLCANO INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET: http://www.avo.alaska.edu
RECORDING ON THE STATUS OF ALASKA'S VOLCANOES (907) 786-7478
David Schneider, Acting Scientist-in-Charge, USGS
firstname.lastname@example.org (907) 786-7497
Steve McNutt, Coordinating Scientist, UAF
email@example.com (907) 474-7131
The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.


Rain. It's the stuff of legend at IUP.
It seems like we get more than our fair share. In fact, when people say Seattle, Wash., is the rainiest city in the country, we say, Nah!! Indiana has Seattle beat.
Professor Joe Bencloski (far right) and students check the weather station atop Leonard Hall.
According to Joe Bencloski, professor of
geography and regional planning, Indiana does get a lot of rain—and, yes, we get about 10 more inches of rain than Seattle gets each year. The Pacific Northwest city averages about 38 inches of rain per year to Indiana’s 48 inches.
“Our climates are very different, though,” Bencloski notes. “Both Indiana and Seattle experience the orographic effect, but Indiana is on the windward side of a topographic barrier, while Seattle is on the leeward side."
What does this mean?
“The perception is that Seattle is very rainy, because of the high frequency of cloudy, foggy days," Bencloski explains. "The orographic effect occurs when air is forced up the windward side of a mountain range, causing cooling, condensation and precipitation. As the air descends down the leeward side of a mountain, it compresses and warms. The warming causes relative humidity to decrease."
Indiana is also on a west-to-east storm track, so it’s no surprise that we get a lot of drizzly, cloudy, rainy days as air rises up the windward side of the Appalachian Plateau,” Bencloski said.
“If you’re a Christmas tree grower, it’s great!” he said, alluding to that industry's longtime presence in the county.
The Department of Geography and Regional planning has hosted a Vantage Pro2 weather station on the rooftop of the department’s classroom building, Leonard Hall, since 2009. The weather station is wired to a control unit in the department’s computer lab.
Students in Bencloski's climatology course use data from the station as part of a required class project. During the fall semester, students record daily temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind readings.
They use this information to explain how Indiana’s weather is linked to regional weather patterns and why the conditions exist.
The weather station is also helpful for people who want to check the temperature and wind chill on campus.
Mark Rice, of Information Technology Services, set up and maintains the station. He notes that the weather station uses a data logger called Weather Link IP, which is permanently connected to Davis Corporation instruments in California via the Internet. The logger collects and sends data at five-second intervals.
Updates from the station are available online at


Severe Weather Awareness week is April 17-21, 2017.
Two statewide tornado drills will happen on Thursday, April 20 at 1:45 p.m. and 6:55 p.m. Everyone is encourages to practice their tornado drills at these times.
Some Cottage Grove residents may also hear a siren sound at 1 p.m. on Thursday. This is the weekly siren activation at Western Refining in St. Paul Park and is not part of the statewide tornado drill.
In Washington County, sirens are sounded
- When a tornado warning is issued by the National Weather Service
- When the National Weather Service reports sustained winds of 76 miles per hour or higher
- When a police officer or fire fighter requests an activation
- Sirens are activated by Washington County dispatch
Watch versus Warning
- Watch–conditions are favorable for severe thunderstorms or tornado
- Warning–a severe thunderstorm or tornado has been spotted by radar or trained spotter
Outdoor warning sirens
- Are only meant to be heard while outdoors
- When inside with closed windows, be sure to tune in to local weather information on radio, television or NOAA weather radio for updates
- When the sirens are sounded, they will run for three minutes and then stop. The threat of severe weather does not stop when the sirens stop!
- An “all-clear” is not sounded
- Sirens are tested the first Wednesday of the month from March through October
Seek safe shelter
- A basement is the best choice
- Choose a ground-floor room surrounded by other rooms if no basement is available
- Choose a room with no windows if possible
- Choose a small closet or bathroom
Cottage Grove’s storm damage cleanup policy
- Residents are responsible for cleanup of their own property
- The City will remove debris in streets and parks
- In the event of a major storm, the Mayor determines if a state of emergency should be declared
- Be aware of fallen power lines and weakened structures
Severe Weather Awareness Week subjects for the week:
- Monday — Alerts and Warnings
- Tuesday — Severe Weather, Lightning and Hail
- Wednesday — Flooding, Flash Floods
- Thursday — Tornado Safety Information (with statewide tornado drills)
- Friday — Extreme Heat
Check each page link above for specific information about these topics, including fact sheets, checklists, data and other resources.


Published Jul 5th, 2023 3:15PM EDT
Image: OlegDoroshin / Adobe
Scientists have recorded the hottest day ever on Earth, and we hit it two days in a row. According to a report from New Scientist, the air two meters above the Earth’s surface hit a global average of 62.92 degrees Fahrenheit (17.18 Celsius), breaking the previous record.
The new record was set on July 4 and breaks the previous record of a global average temperature of 17.01 Celsius, which was just previously set on July 3, making two days in a row the hottest days that Earth has seen since records started. Before this new record, the highest that the global temperature average had hit was 16.92 Celsius (62.46 Fahrenheit).
Seeing two consecutive days breaking the record for the hottest days ever is surely a sign that scientists’ warnings about ongoing climate issues are not to be taken lightly. In fact, some studies even claim that deadly climate doom loops could begin within the next 15 years, which would see our world changing drastically as sea level rises, important forests die, and other catastrophic events take place back to back.
A visualization of how global temperatures have changed over the years. Image source: NASA / YouTube
The temperature was measured and shared by the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and was compiled by the University of Maine. The graph they’ve created gives a really good overview of how the global average temperature has risen over the years, eventually reaching the new record-breaking point seto n July 4. If these temperatures continue, climate issues will no doubt become stronger, too.
It is very concerning to see this event taking place, and hopefully, we can see some different ideas coming out and being put into action to try to level the temperatures out, and possibly even reverse climate change a little bit to help keep key ice shelves from melting and raising the global sea level to a catastrophic point.
Josh Hawkins has been writing for over a decade, covering science, gaming, and tech culture. He also is a top-rated product reviewer with experience in extensively researched product comparisons, headphones, and gaming devices.
Whenever he isn’t busy writing about tech or gadgets, he can usually be found enjoying a new world in a video game, or tinkering with something on his computer.


Orador: Maxim Yakunin
Absorbed solar energy plays the key role in processes of evaporation, air and soil heating, formation of clouds, atmospheric circulation and climate changing at scales from local to global. Amount of absorbed energy depends on solar zenith angle, atmospheric parameters and surface reflectance. Its measurements remains difficult scientific and technical problem on vas territories. Modern models are based on using high resolution satellite data and parametrizaton of linear relationship between absorbed energy and outgoing radiance at the top of atmosphere. These models have the following features: they are bounded to specific satellite bands and geographic regions which is why they are hard to scale. Another method to retrieve absorbed solar energy will be presented on the seminar based on the calculation the spectra of downward fluxes and surface albedo (reflectance) using the satellite data.


By October of every year, Emigrant Lake near Ashland, Oregon…
Earlier this fall, there was a lot of media hand wringing about the extreme El Niño forecast for the winter of 2015-2016. Certainly El Niño made its arrival in the West, as expected, but the feared dearth of rain and snow did not. In fact here in British Columbia, and particularly in southwest British Columbia, rainfall amounts have been well above normal (completely erasing the water deficit of last year), while the local mountains have received above average snowfalls. Ski hills such as Cypress Mountain, Grouse Mountain (shown above) and Mount Seymour are all open and preparing for busy—and hopefully lucrative—holiday crowds. Whistler Mountain has enjoyed one if its best openings in years.
In Southern Oregon and Northern California, heavy December rains and snowfalls have also defied El Niño and offered hope of drought relief. As of December 20th, Mount Ashland ski area (near the Oregon-California border) had already received nearly half its normal annual snowfall. The mountains of Northern California are reporting mostly normal snowfalls for December, marking a huge improvement over last year. It will take significantly more snow, however, to put much of a dent in the drought conditions there. But the season is off to a promising start.
The big storms that forecasters hoped might ease Southern California’s drought, however, have not materialized.
So what’s going on? What happened to the El Niño that was supposed to bring warm, dry conditions to the Pacific Northwest and soak Southern California?
First, remember that it’s not even officially winter. The solstice happens tomorrow night in the West. El Niño’s greatest impact occurs typically in the months of January through March. So there’s a lot of time for things to change. As for drought relief in California, Stanford meteorological researcher and climate blogger Daniel Swain noted recently that “…it’s hard to envision a set of mid-November observations and model output that would lead to higher confidence in a wetter-than-average California winter than the ones currently in place.”
Second, forecasters remind us that 1) no two El Niños are alike, and 2) the resulting weather can vary locally while the general climate impacts are fairly consistent. In other words, while the northern United States and southern Canada may experience warmer weather overall, certain regions may experience nearly normal winter conditions or even be colder than normal. And not every El Niño brings the welcome rains to Southern California.
It’s interesting to note that an El Niño winter in 1968-69 brought bitter cold with unusually heavy snowfall and ice to the Pacific Northwest.
In other words, Mother Nature offers few guarantees, as usual. We’ll be following this story throughout the winter.


Date: Wednesday, November 9th, 2022
Tropical Storm Nicole, now bigger than Florida, will tighten and strengthen before reaching the state by early Thursday, delivering a storm surge that may reach as far as the Carolinas.
“It’s a really big storm,” said Nick Carapezza, a meteorologist with Maxar Technologies, who estimates Nicole at about 700 miles (1,126 kilometers) across as it bears down on the Bahamas. Its diameter with hurricane-strength winds will likely be closer to 200 miles when it makes landfall.
The storm was about 395 miles east of West Palm Beach, Florida, at 4 p.m. local time and its top wind speeds have strengthened to 65 miles per hour, according to the National Hurricane Center. It’s expected to bring as much as 8 inches (20 centimeters) of rain to the Bahamas and portions of Florida. Nicole would be upgraded to hurricane status once its winds reach 74 mph.
Storm surge will be a bigger threat, as the vast system pushes as much as 5 feet (1.5 meters) of water onto the coast. Surge watches and warnings extend from Florida to the South Santee River in South Carolina.
“It’s unusual in terms of how much of the Florida coast will be affected,” Carapezza said. The surge will get an extra boost from the full moon, which increases tides.
Nicole may cause more than $3 billion of damage, largely because so much of the coastline is at risk from the surge, according to Rick Murnane, chief executive officer of Kinetic Analysis Corp. About 20 million people will be affected by the winds, and more than 800,000 live in the surge zones. For comparison, Hurricane Ian that struck the state in late September was estimated to cost about $71 billion -- including lost economic output from tourism and damaged infrastructure and homes -- according to Enki Holdings LLC.
The storm will likely make landfall between 1 a.m. and 4 a.m. Thursday, north of Palm Beach, home to former President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago estate. It will cross Florida and enter the Gulf of Mexico, and then turn to the northeast and make a second landfall on the state’s west coast sometime Friday, according to Maxar.
Nicole’s massive size stems from the fact that it’s an amalgam of separate systems that joined forces under just the right conditions in the Atlantic Ocean to form a behemoth, according to AccuWeather chief meteorologist Jonathan Porter. A series of rain storms that rolled over Kentucky and the Carolinas ran into tropical moisture from south of Puerto Rico once over the ocean. Fueled by warm Atlantic waters and an area of high pressure to the north, Nicole took shape.
“It was a couple of pieces that came together that congealed into a very large system,” Porter said in an interview.
It will dump rain on parts of the state that are still dealing with flooding caused by Hurricane Ian, according to Brad Harvey, a Maxar meteorologist.
“This certainly isn’t going to help,” he said.


Unraveling the Enigmatic Weather of Hurghada: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding the Climate and Forecast
Table of contents
- Climate of Hurghada
- Factors influencing Hurghada’s weather
- Seasonal weather patterns in Hurghada
- Average temperatures in Hurghada throughout the year
- Rainfall patterns in Hurghada
- Wind patterns and their effects on the weather in Hurghada
- Understanding weather forecasts in Hurghada
- Best time to visit Hurghada based on weather conditions
Welcome to the enchanting world of Hurghada, where stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters meet a climate that will leave you longing for more. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the enigmatic weather patterns of Hurghada,
uncovering the secrets behind its ever-changing climate and providing you with a better understanding of what to expect when you visit this breathtaking destination.
Nestled on the shores of the Red Sea, Hurghada boasts a unique weather system that is influenced by its coastal location.
With its hot desert climate, you can anticipate long, scorching summers and mild winters that attract sun-seekers from around the globe. But, as we unravel the mysteries of Hurghada’s weather, you’ll discover that there’s more to it than meets the eye.
Whether you’re planning a diving adventure, a relaxing beach getaway, or simply want to know what to pack for your trip,
our guide will provide you with the insights you need to make the most of your time in this enchanting seaside paradise.
Climate of Hurghada
Hurghada experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by long, dry summers and mild winters.
The city is blessed with abundant sunshine throughout the year,
making it a popular destination for those seeking warmth and relaxation. The Red Sea acts as a moderating influence, keeping temperatures relatively stable and preventing extreme fluctuations.
Factors influencing Hurghada’s weather
Several factors contribute to the unique weather patterns experienced in Hurghada. The city’s coastal location plays a significant role in shaping its climate. The Red Sea acts as a heat reservoir, absorbing and releasing heat slowly, which helps to regulate temperatures. The surrounding mountains also influence the weather by creating a barrier that shields Hurghada from strong winds and storms.
Seasonal weather patterns in Hurghada
Hurghada experiences two primary seasons: summer and winter. Summers are long and sweltering, with temperatures often exceeding 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The intense heat is accompanied by low humidity, creating a dry and arid environment. Winters, on the other hand, are mild and pleasant,
with temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius (59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit).
Average temperatures in Hurghada throughout the year
Hurghada’s temperature varies significantly throughout the year. In summer, from June to September,
temperatures soar to their peak, reaching scorching highs of 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) or more.
The months of October and November mark the transition into winter,
with temperatures gradually dropping to a comfortable range of 25 to 30 degrees Celsius (77 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). Winter, from December to February, brings milder temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius (59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit).
Spring, from March to May, sees a gradual increase in temperatures, with pleasant days ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius (68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit).
Rainfall patterns in Hurghada
Hurghada is known for its dry climate, with minimal rainfall throughout the year. The majority of rainfall occurs during the winter months, with December and January receiving the highest precipitation. However, even during the wettest months, rainfall is relatively low, with an average of just a few millimeters. The dry climate of Hurghada makes it an ideal destination for sun-seekers looking to escape rainy weather.
Wind patterns and their effects on the weather in Hurghada
The winds in Hurghada play a crucial role in shaping its weather.
The prevailing winds, known as the “Khamaseen,” blow from the south in the spring and bring warm, dusty air from the Sahara Desert.
These winds can create hazy conditions and slightly higher temperatures. In contrast, the “Shamal” wind blows from the north and brings cooler air from the Mediterranean Sea. The Shamal wind is more common during the summer months, providing a refreshing break from the heat.
Understanding weather forecasts in Hurghada
When planning your trip to Hurghada, understanding weather forecasts can help you make the most of your time. The local meteorological service provides detailed forecasts that include temperature, wind speed, and any potential weather events. It’s important to note that weather forecasts can change, especially during transitional seasons.
Checking the forecast regularly and being prepared for slight variations in weather conditions will ensure you have a pleasant and enjoyable stay in Hurghada.
Best time to visit Hurghada based on weather conditions
The best time to visit Hurghada depends on your preferences and the activities you plan to engage in. If you’re looking for a beach vacation and enjoy hot weather, the summer months of June to September are ideal. However, it’s important to be prepared for the intense heat and take precautions to stay hydrated and protected from the sun.
For those who prefer milder temperatures, the winter months of December to February offer a pleasant climate for outdoor activities such as diving and snorkeling.
Spring and autumn provide a balance between the two extremes, with comfortable temperatures and fewer crowds.
Hurghada’s weather is as captivating as its stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters. Understanding the climate and forecast will help you plan your trip effectively and make the most of your time in this enchanting seaside paradise.
Hurghada’s unique weather patterns ensure there’s always something extraordinary waiting to be discovered. So pack your bags, embrace the warmth, and get ready to unravel the enigmatic weather of Hurghada.


Coast and Sea
Predicted times and heights for more than 500 locations around the UK.
Tidal information supplied by the UK Hydrographic Office.
Specialist forecasts for coastal waters, up to 12 nautical miles offshore, around the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man.
High pressure over the North Sea will maintain benign conditions across most of the United Kingdom, but a strengthening southwesterly will develop across Scotland on Monday. A breezy northeasterly airflow will persist across the south.
The world’s longest running continuous weather forecast, the Shipping Forecast offers specialist forecasts for 31 sea areas covering the waters around the British Isles.
The general synopsis at midday
High Forties 1028, slow moving, declining 1025 by midday tomorrow. Low west Fitzroy 1011 expected 50 miles west of Fitzroy 1016 by same time. New low expected 50 miles west of Iceland 982 by that time. Low Biscay 1011 losing its identity
Longer-term forecasts, covering three days beyond the 24-hour Shipping Forecast, for three broad sea areas around the British Isles.
Specialist forecasts including wind, sea state and visibility for 13 sea areas within the North Atlantic region known as METAREA I.
The general synopsis at 08:00 UTC on 19th Sep
At 190000UTC, low 46 north 12 west 1009 expected 44 north 15 west 1013 by 200000UTC. Low 46 north 56 west 1010 expected 58 north 37 west 999 by same time. Low 64 north 40 west 985 expected 73 north 12 west 987 by that time. at 190000UTC, high 49 north 36 west 1031, expected 51 north 25 west 1028 by 200000UTC. High 58 north 01 east 1029, slow moving, declining 1027 by same time
Coast & Sea information supplied by the Met Office on behalf of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA).
Time displayed in UTC (GMT). When the UK is observing British Summer Time (BST), add an hour. For more information, please see FAQs.


Friday, May 27, 2016
Possibly flying home without benefit of American Airlines
New post from the United States Embassy in Port-au-Prince: "The Embassy would like to inform U.S. Citizens that this weekend’s weather promises to be stormy and overcast, throughout the country. Temperatures will probably decline this Sunday, May 29. Forecasters are monitoring a disturbance that has a chance (approximately 70%) to become the second storm of the Atlantic hurricane season." It goes on to state, “Environmental conditions are expected to become more conducive to a tropical cyclone or subtropical by this Friday or Saturday, as the storm moves to the West-North-West or Northwest towards the southeast coast of the United States.” The drop in temperatures sounds good. The possible hurricane, not so much. So we'll see what blows through. Keep an eye out for me in the sky sans AA.
Posted by Haiti Update at 4:48 PM


The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a weather alert, signaling an orange alert for the states of Assam and Meghalaya. According to the alert, heavy to very heavy rainfall is expected in these regions on the 8th, 11th, and 12th of August. Residents and authorities are urged to take necessary precautions to ensure safety and preparedness in light of the forecasted adverse weather conditions.
The IMD’s announcement serves as a vital reminder for residents of Assam and Meghalaya to stay vigilant and proactive. An orange alert signifies a significant potential for heavy rainfall, which could lead to localized flooding, landslides, and other weather-related hazards.
The susceptibility of Assam and Meghalaya to heavy rainfall highlights the importance of staying proactive and taking safety seriously. The IMD’s orange alert acts as a pivotal advisory, empowering residents to prioritize their well-being and the safety of those around them.
By heeding the IMD’s warning and adhering to recommended safety guidelines, residents can navigate through the forecasted heavy rainfall with resilience and preparedness. As Assam and Meghalaya brace for these weather events, the emphasis on safety remains paramount, ensuring that individuals are well-equipped to face the challenges posed by inclement weather conditions.


April 13 2020 03:45 PM EDT
At a Glance
- An outbreak of tornadoes roared through the Southern on Easter Sunday and Monday, 2020.
- 140 tornadoes and damaging that is widespread winds blew from Texas to Maryland.
- A few longer-track tornadoes had been documented in Mississippi, Georgia and sc.
An Easter tornado outbreak spawned a swarm of tornadoes and widespread damaging thunderstorm winds from Texas to your Carolinas and Maryland on April 12-13, 2020.
Nationwide Weather provider harm surveys confirmed at minimum 140 tornadoes touched straight down from morning hours on Easter Sunday, April 12, through very early afternoon on April 13, one of several nation’s most prolific April two-day outbreaks within the era that is modern in accordance with Steve Bowen, meteorologist and mind of disaster understanding at Aon.
It had been the 5th greatest Alabama tornado count from a solitary outbreak – at least 27 tornadoes verified – dating to 1950, in accordance with the nationwide Weather provider.
The outbreak additionally produced over 600 reports of damaging thunderstorm winds in only a day from Easter Sunday morning through listed here Monday early early morning, a lot more than any other 24-hour duration since the Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic derecho of June 2012, based on the Weather Channel senior meteorologist, Stu Ostro.
The storms stated at the very least 37 life. To learn more about harm and aftermath through the storms, see our complete article on effects at this website website link.
The nationwide Weather provider issued 141 split tornado warnings from 7 a.m. CDT Sunday, April 12, to 7 a.m. CDT Monday, April 13, in accordance with Greg Diamond, a climate producer at The elements Channel. It was the absolute most in the 7 a.m. To 7 p.m. 24-hour period since the March 2-3, 2012 tornado outbreak, based on Daryl Herzmann associated with Iowa ecological Mesonet.
A pair of EF4 tornadoes carved through components of southern Mississippi on Easter Sunday.
The initial of those moved down in Walthall County, Mississippi, leveling two homes close to the Lawrence County line, making just the slab foundation remaining of just one associated with homes, in accordance with the NWS harm study. The NWS discovered virtually every tree with its course in this part of northeast Walthall County had been either snapped or uprooted.
A EF4 that is second grew to over 2-miles in width, the largest documented tornado on record in Mississippi since it tore a 68-mile long course from Jefferson Davis County to Clarke County, devastating areas nearby the towns of Bassfield, Soso and Moss.
The scar using this tornado might be seen from satellite pictures taken on 14 april.
Soso, Mississippi, had been simultaneously under A national climate Service tornado crisis both for tornadoes. The very first tornado ended up being striking the city once the nationwide Weather provider issued the next tornado crisis for the tornado after behind it. Between your two, tornado emergencies spanned 75 kilometers across southern Mississippi at 5:30 p.m. CDT Sunday, April 12.
Simply 24 moments following this 2nd EF4 tornado first touched straight down, the longest-track tornado of the outbreak, ranked EF3, mongolian dating started an 84-mile long siege in about 90 moments from Lawrence to Jasper Counties, Mississippi. This tornado has also been simply over a mile-wide at once.
An tornado that is EF3 through elements of Monroe, Louisiana, right before noon on Easter Sunday, lacking the city’s downtown by about a mile, but damaging the roof of this Masur Museum of Art. A set of tornadoes, ranked EF1 and EF2, touched straight down simply north of this populous town near Sterlington. Ouachita Parish authorities estimated 23 domiciles had been damaged and another 108 suffered major harm.
In eastern Tennessee, an EF3 tornado tore a 15-mile long course through elements of the Chattanooga metro area, including East Ridge and Ooltewah, leveling a car parts shop.
In Georgia, one serious thunderstorm spawned a couple of EF3 tornadoes which carved through Upson, Lamar and Monroe Counties, just northwest of Macon. The Southern Crescent Technical university and Raintree Golf and nation Club near Thomaston each took a direct hit, and another unoccupied home ended up being shifted onto a road.
Nationwide Weather provider radar detected debris through the Upson County tornado had been lofted because high as 25,000 legs.
A number of them on the stronger end of the scale at least 25 tornadoes tore through South Carolina.
Specially hit that is hard Barnwell County, where in actuality the NWS confirmed four separate tornadoes – three rated EF3, the other an EF2 – tore distinct course through areas of the county. One house anchored towards the ground had been tossed and damaged, in accordance with the NWS damage study.
A weird interaction of two tornadoes appears to have taken place, as documented in detail by The Washington Post’s Matthew Cappucci as the squall line roared into neighboring Orangeburg County.
Another tornado that is large at least a half mile wide, carved a 16-mile course through Oconee and Pickens counties simply north of Clemson around 3:20 a.m. EDT, causing a minumum of one fatality. Top winds had been believed at 160 miles per hour in this tornado, that was rated EF3.
At around 6 a.m. EDT Monday, a long-track tornado produced EF4 harm in Hampton County, sc, the initial F/EF4 rated tornado on record in sc’s Lowcountry and very first anywhere in hawaii in over 24 years. This tornado caused least five fatalities and 60 accidents, in line with the NWS.
Sixteen tornadoes, many of them weaker tornadoes, had been spawned in new york on April 13. At the beginning of the afternoon, a few poor tornadoes – one rated EF0, one other EF1 – touched straight down quickly in Maryland near Baltimore Corner and Frizzzellburg, correspondingly.
The current weather Company’s primary journalistic objective is to report on breaking climate news, the surroundings additionally the significance of science to the everyday lives. This tale will not fundamentally express the career of y our moms and dad company, IBM.


You'll Need to Plan Your Vacation Around This 'Brutally Hot' Summer
Last year, people had high hopes for what was supposed to be “Hot Vax Summer,” but things didn’t quite pan out. Truth be told, we have no idea what’s in store for us in a few weeks—let alone a...
Photo: Scott Biales DitchTheMap (Shutterstock)
Last year, people had high hopes for what was supposed to be “Hot Vax Summer,” but things didn’t quite pan out. Truth be told, we have no idea what’s in store for us in a few weeks—let alone a few months—but if nothing else, the folks at the Farmers’ Almanac have made their usual predictions about the upcoming season’s weather. Here’s what to know.
Get ready: It’s going to be a hot one. The beginning of summer—which officially starts on Tuesday, June 21, 2022, at 5:14 a.m. ET—won’t be too bad, but once we hit mid-July, temperatures in most parts of the country will be “brutally hot,” according to the Farmers’ Almanac.
We’re talking highs in the 90s and triple digits. This may not be the best time to go on a camping trip, or anywhere without air conditioning for that matter. The exceptions to this will be New England and the Great Lakes region, which will only have to deal with “seasonably warm” temperatures.
As we move into August, it’ll be more of the same, with the central and western states dealing with the worst of the heat. Fortunately, by mid-August, the hottest part of the summer should be over. Temperatures will continue to fall throughout September—to the point where there’s the possibility of snow in the northern Rocky Mountains.
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If you live along the East Coast or around the Great Lakes, you’ll likely see some major thunderstorms as spring turns into summer, the Farmers’ Almanac says. But for much of the rest of the country—including those that have been dealing with ongoing droughts—whatever rain does fall won’t be enough.
While this is expected in the Southwest (where it will be characteristically dry this summer), it will also be the case in the Pacific states, as well as the Northeast. The Southeast, on the other hand, will have an exceptionally wet summer.


Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Semi-Arid Areas of Chamwino District, Tanzania
MetadataShow full item record
ABSTRACT: Climate is the main determinant for agricultural productivity worldwide. This paper presents the findings of a study conducted in Chamwino District in Dodoma Region to examine smallholder farmers‟ adaptation strategies to climate change. The study used long term weather data obtained from Dodoma Airport meteorological stations and the free online satellite weather data from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) as well as primary household data from a sample of 125 smallholder farmers collected through structured interviews. The satellite climate data was used to overcome the bottleneck of ground station weather data after removing the bias on data. The bias of the CFSR data was corrected by a linear bias correction approach. Climatic data were analyzed to establish the relationship between crop production and changes in the climatic variables using correlation analysis. The results revealed that most of the farmers were slightly aware (61%) about climate change and mostly referred to it as changes in temperature (50%) and recurrence of drought (22%). The weather data showed a declining trend in temperature of 3.60C and rainfall (20–27 mm per annum) over the span of 38 years indicating evidences of climate change. Paddy, sorghum and legumes showed an increasing trend while other crops showed a declining trend. Most of farmers adapted the use of drought tolerant crop varieties and early planting of crops as on-farm adaptation strategies while petty business and casual labour were the main off-farm climate change adaptation strategies. This study concludes that the declining rainfall and increased temperature in Chamwino District is affecting smallholder farmers by reducing crop yield. Nevertheless, farmers were well aware and understood about climate change and its impacts. Most of farmers had adopted appropriate copping strategies to sustain their livelihood amidst the challenges brought about by the effects of climate change. It is recommended that the Tanzania government through the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security to improve extension services so as to enhance adoption of climate change smart technologies among smallholder farmers in order to sustain their livelihood.


The Northern Lights - Nature's Lava Lamp
The Northern Lights, also known as the aurora borealis, are one of nature's great displays — a mysterious, multicolored show in which the night sky is suddenly lit up with a wondrous glow that twists and swirls like a heavenly lava lamp. Elusive and ethereal, it's one of the great, timeless thrills of travel, a beautiful, shifting dance of nocturnal rainbows that many viewers find a humbling and spiritually uplifting experience.
The Northern Lights exist in the outmost layer of the atmosphere. They're created by electrically charged particles that make the thin air shine, not unlike a fluorescent light. They can be seen in auroral belts that form 20-25 degrees around the geomagnetic poles, both in the north and the south.
This year the sun's storms will reach the peak of their 11-year cycle, known as the "Solar Maximum," offering viewers plentiful and spectacular aurora displays. If you've wanted to see the Northern Lights, this is the time.
Solar flares, ejecting charges of atoms and electrons into space reaching Earth a day or two later, increase Northern Lights activity. The Earth's magnetic field draws these fast-moving electrically charged particles to the poles where they collide with different gases in the upper atmosphere to produce different colors.
The Northern Lights appear within an area known as the auroral oval which hovers above the Arctic and sub-Arctic. The most easily accessible of locations to view them are Iceland, Sweden, Finland, Norway and Canada. The three best places to see the Northern Lights include the Aurora Sky Station at Abisko in Swedish Lapland, the Hotel Ranga in Iceland's southern countryside, and just outside Tromso in northern Norway, all from late September to early April, with October to November and February to March considered optimum periods. While you can see them at any moment, the best time to see the Northern Lights is from 9 P.M. to 2 A.M.
Where you go will depend on your budget and the time you have available, but a more crucial decision is what else you want to do when you're not standing outside in sub-zero temperatures staring up at the night sky with fingers crossed, for Northern Lights viewing is much like playing the lottery.
Don't become obsessed with viewing the aurora, but see it as just one of many activities of a Arctic winter holiday. Sparkling white landscapes, fairy-tale ice hotels, and romantic husky-sled rides are reasons enough to go. With luck, you'll also see the heavens ablaze with a silky, swirling light.
However, there are a few things you can do to improve your chances. Pick dates that avoid a full moon and visit locations away from the lights of large towns and cities. Local weather conditions can vary wildly, with sensational sightings at one spot and thick cloud cover just a few miles away. So go for as many nights as you can spare and visit more than one place.


By Lucas Wood
A strong storm system will dive southward across the southeastern US to the Tennessee Valley, and redevelop off of the South Carolina coastline. A phase of the northern and southern branches of the jet stream is expected, which would pull the system farther north along the US Eastern Seaboard. A capture of the storm will then slow down the forward advance of the storm and allow it to remain near the Mouth of the Chesapeake for a time, before exiting off to the northeast. The pressure gradient created between high pressure to the north and the strong low pressure to our southeast will create windy conditions for this event, especially late Friday night and Saturday.


This standalone data logger measures and stores up to 16,379 relative humidity and 16,379 temperature readings over 0 to 100%RH and -35 to +80°C (-31 to +176°F) measurement ranges. The user can easily set up the logger and view downloaded data by plugging the data logger into a PC's USB port and using the supplied software. Relative humidity, temperature and dew point (the temperature at which water vapour present in the air begins to condense) data can then be graphed, printed and exported to other applications. The high contrast LCD can show a variety of temperature and humidity information. At the touch of a button, the user can cycle between the current temperature and humidity, along with the maximum and minimum stored values for temperature and humidity. The data logger is supplied complete with a long-life lithium battery, which can typically allow logging for up to 1 year.
* This specifies the overall error in the logged readings for relative humidity measurements between 20 and 80%RH** This specifies the overall error in the calculated dew point, for realtive humidity measurements between 40 and 100%RH at 25°C*** At temperatures below -20ºC (-4ºF) the LCD will exhibit slower response times of approximately 10 seconds


High pressure will build in for the weekend returning abundant sunshine with temperatures remaining cold as lows dip into the low to mid teens and highs holding in the 20s. There will be an additional chill with winds brisk at times out of the northwest with wind chill values dipping near or below zero by Saturday night. We’ll see fair weather during this time with occasional cloud cover as low pressure stalls to our east. This may also result in some areas of light snow for eastern Maine. The quiet stretch of weather will extend through next week with a slow uptick in temperatures.


This monitoring system uses a Honeywell HPM Series particle sensor to accurately measure PM2.5 and instantly tells you where you stand by rating your current air quality as good, moderate, poor, unhealthy, severe, or hazardous.
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26/3/2021· IoT Based Air Pollution/Quality Monitoring System with ESP8266, PM2.5 Particulate Matter Sensor, MQ-135 Air Quality & BME280 Pressure Sensor. The Plantower PMS5003 is a low-cost laser particle counter, one of a range of sensors by Plantower …
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Over the past 200 years, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, and deforestation have caused the concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases to increase significantly in our atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping to space, somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse.
Greenhouse gases are necessary to life as we know it, because they keep the planet's surface warmer than it otherwise would be. But, as the concentrations of these gases continue to increase in the atmosphere, the Earth's temperature is climbing above past levels.
As the emission of greenhouse gases continue to increase, climate models predict that the average temperature at the Earth's surface could increase from 3.2 to 7.2ºF (above 1990 levels by the end of this century.) Scientists are certain that human activities are changing the composition of the atmosphere. Check out the Global Impacts link to see what these temperature changes could mean.
Climate Change In the News
Rolling Stone (July 2012)
If the pictures of those towering wildfires in Colorado haven't convinced you, or the size of your AC bill this summer, here are some hard numbers about climate change: June broke or tied 3,215 high-temperature records across the United States. That followed the warmest May on record for the Northern Hemisphere – the 327th consecutive month in which the temperature of the entire globe exceeded the 20th-century average, the odds of which occurring by simple chance were 3.7 x 10-99, a number considerably larger than the number of stars in the universe.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (March 2012)
The character and severity of impacts from climate extremes depend not only on the extremes themselves but also on exposure and vulnerability. In this report, adverse impacts are considered disasters when they produce widespread damage and cause severe alterations in the normal functioning of communities or societies.
Denver Post (August 2011)
Polar ice, although still headed for a melt down, may temporarily stabilie or maybe even expand over the next few decades even as the climate continues to warm, Boulder scientists said today.
Time (August 2011)
Climate Change advocates haven't had much to celebrate recently, but New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's announcement last week that he was giving $50 million to the Sierra Club's Beyond Coal campaign marked a real win.
New York Times (2010)
Guangzhou, China - Premier Wen Jiabao has promised to use an "iron hand" this summer to make his nation more energy efficient. The central government has ordered cities to close inefficient factories by September, like the vast Guangzhou steel mill here, where most of the 6,000 workers will be laid off or pushed into early retirement.
New York Times (August 11, 2009)
Washington - The changing global climate will pose profound strategic challenges to the United Sates in coming decades, raising the prospect of military intervention to deal with the effects of violent storms, drought, mass migration and pandemics, military and intellegence analysts say.
New York Times (August 9, 2009)
John Broder has a story above the fold in Sunday's Times describing growing concerns of Defense Departement planners over the potential destablizing effect of the building global greenhouse effect. Strategists and planners within the Pentagon have for many years been exploring the military implications of rising temperatures and seas and retreating Arctic sea ice. Bust such studies had until recently been a relatively low priority.
Have you seen a story lately that could be added to our webpage? Send the info to Susan.Beckett@colorado.edu.


Winter Storm Bruce delivered quite the punch to the Kansas City metro area this past weekend.
The National Weather Service in Kansas City issued a blizzard warning on Saturday, Nov. 24, the first since Jan. 31, 2011. Rain arrived first followed by snow on Sunday, Nov. 25, which led to numerous closures and accidents throughout the metro area.
The area school districts — Platte County, Park Hill, North Platte and West Platte — called off school on Monday, Nov. 26 and then again on Tuesday, Nov. 27 as side, rural and subdivision roads still posed a danger getting kids to and from school.
Park University called off classes on Monday as well and had a delayed start on Tuesday.
The NWS reported that 5.8 inches fell on Sunday, easily breaking the record for most snow on Nov. 25, besting the previous mark of 3.7 inches back in 1895. It also marked the second snowiest day in November ever, coming in behind 9.1 inches that fell on Nov. 29, 2013. The 3-plus inches of recorded snowfall was the first in 1,754 days, a NWS Kansas City record.
The Kansas City metro area has seen 7.8 inches of snow — which is more than the past three winters — and still at least three weeks to go until the official start of winter. Last winter season — 2017-18 — saw a total of 7.7 inches, which was more than the previous two (5.9 in 2015-16 and 4.9 in 2016-17).
The blizzard conditions closed the Kansas City International Airport for four hours on Sunday and led to more than 100 canceled flights.
More than 800 Platte-Clay Electric customers lost power, but almost all were restored within 24 hours.
The weather also delayed trash, as well as leaf and brush collection, in Kansas City, while Platte County offices had a delayed opening on Monday.


Tearing up the coast as it trekked northward, Matthew made landfall near McClellanville, SC on Saturday as a category-1 hurricane with 75mph winds. It had reached category-5 status in the Caribbean – the first storm to do so since Hurricane Felix in 2007- but weakened as it moved toward the US.
Despite this downgrade, Matthew still packed a powerful punch. Its strong winds, flooding rains, and storm surge caused significant property damage and widespread power outages throughout the region. The death toll from this storm currently stands at 26 people from across five states and is expected to increase in the coming days.
With successive bands of heavy rain, Matthew also caused catastrophic inland flooding. In Fayetteville, NC – 100 miles from the coast – 14.82 inches of rain was reported. As a result, several rivers in the region rose to record or near-record levels and overflowed their banks, inundating communities.
All told, Matthew dumped 13.6 trillion gallons of water on Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia before heading out to sea as a post-tropical storm. That is enough water to fill over 20 million Olympic-size swimming pools. The highest rainfall total, 17.49 inches, was reported near Savannah, GA.
The damage caused by Matthew is currently estimated at $6 billion.


Cancellation of Classes – Monday (July 9, 2018)
Typhoon Maria is expected to enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) on Monday, July 9, 2018.
The typhoon will be named Gardo when it enters the country.
While it will reportedly not make a landfall in the Philippines, it will definitely enhance the southwest monsoon.
As early as Sunday night, Local Government Units (LGUs) have started to declare suspension of classes due to the possible heavy rainfall and flood that will be brought by the typhoon.
Check out the list of areas with no classes on Monday, July 9, 2018:
National Capital Region (NCR)
- Caloocan City
- Las Piñas City
- Malabon City
- Mandaluyong City
- Manila City
- Marikina City
- Muntinlupa City
- Navotas City
- Parañaque City
- Pasay City
- San Juan City
- Taguig City
- Valenzuela City
PRESCHOOL TO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Zambales (except Olongapo City)


Wilbert Test Page As a Header 1
As the Chicago area braced
for its first snowstorm of the season, people were being warned to stay off highways and expect widespread power outages as high winds whip up near blizzard conditions in some spots.
The approaching storm was also creating havoc at O'Hare and Midway airports on the eve of the busiest travel day of the holiday season.
Airlines have canceled nearly 300 flights at O'Hare and more than 150 flights at Midway. Southwest Airlines scratched all of its flights scheduled after 4:30 p.m. today at Midway.
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A complete overview with weather averages, climate charts and forecasts. Find the best time to go Stockholm is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Average minimum and maximum temperatures in celsius per month in Average day and night temperature in Munkedal (Västra Götaland) in celsius may · june · july · august Stockholm is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The warmest time to go--June through August--offers average temperatures near 70. April-September offers the tourist decent weather, although you'll have to Marathon through 7 districts of Stockholm along the shores of the bays, Weather; Flights; Accommodation; Insurance; Tours and Excursions; Other Races If slots are available you may sign up for the races 3—4 June 2021 av D Retsö · 2020 — the end of June only three short showers of rain is said to have fallen in Västergötland, a precipitation index against Stockholm temperature series from 1756. January is the coolest with 28.8°F / -1.8°C average air temperature.
The amount of rain in June is normal with an average of 56mm (2.2in). This month generally has very pleasant temperatures. The average maximum temperature lies around 20.3°C (68.54°F). You’ll soak up the warm and comfortable weather in Stockholm in June. The temperature could reach highs of 21°C on hot days this month, but expect this to fall by four or five degrees on higher ground away from the city. The normal temperature should be around 18°C and only occasionally fall to 15°C on cloudier days.
Warm-summer humid continental climate would be the climate here. June, July, August av W Josefsson · 2019 — In 1922 monitoring of global irradiation started in Stockholm, Sweden.
Stockholm Water Temperature: Forecasts & current water temp
The days are longer, the temperature is usually September 17, 2020. Ceramic Seminar 2020, Scandic Continental, Stockholm, Sweden, September 17th. Map Unavailable. Date/Time 17/09/2020.
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Equalis User Meeting Molecular Diagnostics 2018 in Stockholm, Sweden l 7-8 Nov och Mikrobiologiskt Vårmöte in Karlstad, Sweden l 29 may-1 june 2018. _. Status of the new high performance TEM at EMC, Stockholm University include the temperature stability of <0.2oC/hour, floor vibration lesser than 3 The planned date of deliverance is 4 June 2018 and the installation will av L Kardell · 1973 · Citerat av 6 — Stockholm: Predecessors to SLU > Royal School of Forestry, between the mean temperatures for the months June-September and the Fujitsu lanserar PRIMERGY-servrar med Windows Server 2016 Stockholm, Sweden, jämförelse Stockholm, Sweden, 14 June, 2016 - Fujitsus lagringslösningar i Thermal Design kan servrarna garantera säker drift I högre temperature.
June-July average highs hover around the 70 mark, perfect for exploring the city. Stockholm, Sweden - Best Time To Go. Stockholm starts warming up in May. The warmest time to go--June through August--offers average temperatures near 70. The warmest month is July, which averages 17 days above 70 degrees (along with 20 days of some rain). Weather Forecast Stockholm: Weather forecast in June Want to organise your holiday inStockholm Take a look at the weather forecast without delay! To help you prepare for your trip, Easyvoyage brings you the tourist weather comfort index. For the 2002–2014 measurements some further increases have been found, although some months such as June have been relatively flat. The highest temperature ever recorded in Stockholm was 36 °C (97 °F) on 3 July 1811; the lowest was −32 °C (−26 °F) on 20 January 1814.
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The graph below shows the range of monthly Stockholm water temperature derived from many years of historical sea surface temperature data. July, like June, is another pleasant summer month in Stockholm, Sweden, with average temperature fluctuating between 13.4°C (56.1°F) and 21.9°C (71.4°F). On June 21, the longest day of the year, the sun rises at 3:31 am and sets at 10:08 pm. From around May 15 to July 29, the white nights occur, when it doesn't get completely dark even at midnight.
This month generally has very pleasant temperatures. The average maximum temperature lies around 20.3°C (68.54°F). Weather ☀ ⛅ Stockholm ☀ ⛅ June ☀ ⛅ Information on temperature, sunshine hours, water temperature & rainfall in June for Stockholm. Get the monthly weather forecast for Stockholm, WI, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. Climate in Sweden in june Climate in Stockholm in june. In the month of june, the mean temperature in Stockholm is 65°F (maximum temperature is 67°F and minimum temperature is 61°F). The climate is quite cool in this city in june, but it is endurable when dressing warm.
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The warmest month is July, which averages 17 days above 70 degrees (along with 20 days of some rain). Stockholm is 24m above sea level. The climate is warm and temperate in Stockholm. Stockholm has a significant amount of rainfall during the year. This is true even for the driest month.
However, during dry periods, negative responses to June-July temperature
Country: Sweden. Long Name: Kingdom of Sweden. Abbreviations: SE, SWE. Capital: Stockholm. Time Zones: 1. Dial Code: +46
av CJ Dahlberg · 2016 · Citerat av 3 — how microclimate affect species with contrasting distributions or different ecophysiological traits annual precipitation reach 515 mm (the city of Stockholm, Swedish measurements during June 2011 until May 2012 (Meineri et al.,. 2015).
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Long-term global radiation in Stockholm, 1922-2018 - DiVA
Temperatures are between 10 and 20 degrees, which is great for travelling. However, there is a reasonable chance of rain, with 7 rainy days on average, so it is recommended to take an umbrella. If you’re looking for the very warmest time to visit Stockholm, the hottest months are July, August, and then June.


Through photosynthesis, plants supply animals with two of their essential needs-food and oxygen, as well as removing carbon dioxide from the air. But remember that living cells, including plant cells, respire all the time, and they need oxygen for this. When the light intensity is high, a plant carries out photosynthesis at a much higher rate than it respires. So in bright light, there is an overall uptake of carbon dioxide from the air around a plant’s leaves, and a surplus production of oxygen that animals can use. A plant only produces more carbon dioxide than it uses up in dim light. We can show this as a graph of carbon dioxide exchanged at different light intensities.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air around plants actually changes throughout the day. Scientists have measured the level of carbon dioxide in the air in the middle of a field of long grass in summer. They found that the air contained least carbon dioxide in the afternoon, when photosynthesis was happening at its highest rate. At night when there was no photosynthesis, the level of carbon dioxide rose. This rise is due to less carbon dioxide being absorbed by the plants, while carbon dioxide was added to the air from the respiration of all organisms in the field.
Published in: Gardening


Environment Canada has quietly released its climate report for 2010, confirming that it was the hottest year on Canadian record books.
Ottawa (17 Jan. 2011) - Environment Canada has confirmed that 2010 was the hottest year on record in Canada.
National temperatures in Canada exceeded average values by a significant 3C – the warmest since record-keeping began in 1948, the national weather agency reports. Globally, 2010 also topped the charts as the hottest year ever.
Global averages have been collected since 1880. The 2010 average surface temperature was 0.62C above the century average. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has warned that when the average global temperature is 2C above that of the previous century the world will have reached dangerous climate tipping points.
Not all of the planet has experienced the increase in the same way. By comparison, Canada's northern territories and northern Quebec were at least 4C above normal, the Canadian report notes. "Snowmaggedon" in Washington, floods in Pakistan and devastating heat waves in Russia last year were all part of the climate chaos associated with rising average surface temperature.
"It's not possible to directly link global warming as the cause of one weather event. But the trend of rising temperatures since 2000 increases the possibility of extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts and floods," says David Easterling, chief of the scientific services division at the U.S. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). "Every year since 2000 has ranked as one of the 15 warmest years on record," he said.
James Hansen, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, adds, "If the warming trend continues, as is expected, and if greenhouse gases continue to increase, the 2010 record will not stand for long."
His office has also released a report saying that 2010 tied for the warmest year on record with 2005.
The National Union of Public and General Employees (NUPGE) is one of Canada's largest labour organizations with over 340,000 members. Our mission is to improve the lives of working families and to build a stronger Canada by ensuring our common wealth is used for the common good. NUPGE


There is still an inconclusive debate whether we are faced with late rains or unseasonal rains which could spell food shortage and national disaster.
A rain gauge is utilised in each region of a country to measure the amount of rain the area receives in a week so that farmers would be able to predict rain patterns and thus determine with accuracy when to plant and harvest their crops and what type of farming they could utilise.
Irrigation engineers also could rely on such information to be able to advice on the type of structures to erect to make farm land accessible.
We are in September. The data collected on rainfall measurements and put in graphs and charts in previous years including this season should be made accessible to experts if they are available so that one could rely on them to assess the rain patterns and quantity of rain so that a scientifically determined impact assessment could be done to make pronouncement on this year’s crops and future trends in farming and outputs.
Those responsible for water resources should make the effort to take media houses to the rainfall measuring points in all regions to get first hand information on the rain fall pattern and volume and further invite experts to speak to the press on whether there is late rain fall or unseasonal rain which could spell natural disaster.


Insolation-Solar Radiation, Solar Electricity, Solar PV, Photovoltaics News, Renewable Energy, Alternative Energies, Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Renewables News DFW, Dallas Fort Worth North Texas North Central Texas
Insolation andSolar Power Harnessing Green Energy for aHomeor Business
The actual amount of sunlight falling on a specific geographical location is known as insolation—or "incident solar radiation."
When sunlight reaches the Earth, it is distributed unevenly in different regions. As you would expect, the areas near the Equator receive more solar radiation than anywhere else on the Earth.
Sunlight varies with the seasons, as the rotational axis of the Earth shifts to lengthen and shorten days with the changing seasons.
Other factors affect he quantity of sunlight reaching any region such as 1. The time of day. 2. The air pollution in that region. 3. The climate (especially the cloud cover, which scatters the sun’s rays).
The above factors all affect the amount of solar energy that is available to PV systems.
Insolation values for a specific site are sometimes hard to obtain because
The weather stations that measure solar radiation components are located far apart.
The information most generally available is the average daily total—or global—radiation on a horizontal surface.
Note: The opinions expressedherein are exclusively those of the writers or other participants and do not necessarily reflect theposition of CyberParent. They are not intended to take the place of advice of ahealth, legal, or other professional whose expertise you might need to seek.


What is a tornado? A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground.
These monsters are not necessarily stronger than funnels or other shaped tornadoes, but they do cover much more ground. This particular tornado was hanging out the west side of a supercell thunderstorm in the Texas Panhandle.
The vehicle in the foreground is an NSSL chase vehicle doing its job long before books and movies told about Types of tornados storms. Occasionally, there was big reward like on this day. Shortly after this photo was taken this tornado tore through a small Texas town.
Residents saw it coming and were under ground, or in a safe shelter.
This was the first in a series of tornadoes to strike the Texas Panhandle and western Oklahoma that day. Huge funnels like this one that are a mile wide are sometimes unrecognizable at close range as a tornado.
They lack the classic narrow funnel appearance, but tend to appear as a boiling wall of fog approaching from out of nowhere, since they favor a position close to the rain wall.
Generally the rain stops and the tornado makes a rapid appearance. These storms are the ones that are generally blamed for "striking without warning" since some people try to observe the tornado before taking shelter. Funnels of this character are more common in the southeastern quarter of the nation where moisture from the Gulf of Mexico is thick and cloud bases are low.
That said, this one was in the Texas Panhandle and they can form anywhere in the plains when conditions are ripe. The width of this particular beast varies depending on whose damage survey one believes. Original damage surveys measured over a mile wide at some places, but newer versions put it at less than half that size.
When it crossed the Interstate at I the appearance from one mile away filled one half the drivers side window all the windshield and part of their passenger window. Now the amazing part, two men on motorcycles were lying in the shallow depression between lanes as it passed over. They saw it coming and dumped their bikes to lie flat in the grassy low spot.
It worked and both were unhurt. Odds are they will remember that day for a long time. Most tornadoes are photographed as they move in from the west with the sunlight filtering in behind them.
Those tornadoes are generally black to dark grey. Regardless of the color the damage is the same. This tornado was hanging out of the back of the storm in northern Iowa. The white cloud at the base of the funnel is water being rotated into a white froth.
Tornadoes that that occur in the sunlight can be dangerous to those thinking the storm is over. This tornado was probably not easy to see from straight north or in the rain.There are six different types of tornadoes.
The most commonly recognized type is the supercell tornado, the type that causes massive destruction. A gustnado is the opposite; it is very weak.
It causes leaves and other debris to swirl around on the ground during a storm.
Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, Various types of tornadoes include the multiple vortex tornado, landspout and waterspout.
Waterspouts are characterized by a spiraling funnel-shaped wind current, connecting to a . Types of Tornadoes There are a few different types of tornadoes that are classified by specific characteristics.
These tornadoes include the landspout, the multiple vortex tornadoes, and the waterspout. These Different Types of Tornadoes Will Make Your Head Swirl A tornado is a rotating air storm often known for its destructive nature. However, the destruction depends .
Tornadoes Tornadoes are created from powerful thunderstorms, and can devastate a neighborhood in seconds with whirling winds reaching miles per hour.
Here you’ll find a “starter list” of tools and open data that can support communities in the event of . There are six different types of tornadoes.
The most commonly recognized type is the supercell tornado, the type that causes massive destruction. A gustnado is the opposite; it is very weak. It causes leaves and other debris to swirl around on the ground during a .