The Apex Court called out the Centre and the states to schedule an emergency executive meeting and implement a plan to eradicate air pollution. CJI N.V. Ramana said that to curb pollution we need to concentrate on construction activities, industry, dust pollution, entry of trucks, stubble burning, etc. "How to stop vehicles to and from Delhi? The Delhi Government has decided to work from home. The Centre could also take such measures." - N.V. Ramana submitted.
He further added that a proper remedy or solution should be discussed and that they should submit the same by tomorrow evening (today the 16th) or the day after tomorrow. The Bench consisting of the Chief Justice of India, Justice Chandrachud along with Justice Surya Kant took notice that the commission under the National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Act, 2021 did not indicate what steps to be taken to control the pollution causing elements. However, it was also noticed in the Affidavit filed by the Centre and the State Government that no steps on how to curb pollution were mentioned.
The Plea was filed by a Delhi student named Aditya Dubey who was concerned about the rising levels of air pollution in Delhi. Senior Advocate appearing for Aditya Dubey requested the Court to appoint an independent committee to look into the matter of stubble burning. The Solicitor General informed the Court of the affidavit filed by the Centre. He said that the rise in air pollution is due to contributing factors such as industrial pollution, agricultural stubble, dust management, vehicular pollution, unfavourable meteorological conditions during the winter season particularly predominant in the Delhi NCR region.
The SG apprised the Court that three major steps that the government could implement would be -
Banning the entry of trucks in Delhi
the Odd-Even Scheme
Justice D.Y. Chandrachud noted that according to a scientific study the 75 per cent of the pollution is due to three factors - Dust, Pollution, Transport. The Supreme Court had suggested the Delhi Government and the Centre take the emergent measures including imposing lockdown to immediately control the increasing air pollution that worsens Air Quality. The next meeting will be heard on November 17, with regards to the measures required to take control of the pollution.
Tags : pollution, newsoftheday, NCR, SupremeCourt, ChiefJustice N.V.Ramana, airpollution, centre, stategovernment, justiceSuryaKant, justice D.Y.Chandrachud


The National Weather Service has issued red flag warnings for parts of the Bay Area in response to thunderstorms. A warning was issued for the North Bay hills earlier this afternoon and at around 7 p.m. authorities extended the warning to include the East Bay Hills, the Diablo Range, and parts of Monterey, Santa Clara and San Benito counties.
A red flag warning indicates that critical fire weather conditions are happening or are imminent in the area. The warning is in effect until 5 p.m. Saturday. The warnings were issued in response to thunderstorms that are moving into the Bay Area from the northeast, National Weather Service spokeswoman Diana Henderson said. As of about 8 p.m., the thunderstorms were passing through Antioch, Pleasanton and Livermore, and heading toward Fremont, Henderson said.
Henderson said dry lightening could ignite wildfires and residents are urged to be watchful and are reminded not to set campfires and be cautious when discarding cigarette butts. “It’s volatile out there,” she said.
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Dolly needs to behave herself. She has been upgraded to a Catagory 2 hurricane. We are expecting much higher winds as the day goes on. So far, we have received 2.5 inches of much-needed rain. I was surprised that they even picked up our trash this morning. I figured everyone would be hunkered down. Our county workers drove through this morning to see if we were experiencing any flooding - so far, so good! There was an indication of a tornado a little north of us. We don't need any more of that kind of nonsense!
Relieving Stress by Creating ART
2 days ago


2 edition of SAGE aerosol measurements found in the catalog.
SAGE aerosol measurements
M. P. McCormick
Written in English
|Statement||by M.P. McCormick. Vol.2, January 1, 1980 to December 31, 1980.|
|Series||NASA reference publication 1149|
|Contributions||National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch.|
SAGE III to provide highly accurate measurements of atmospheric gases 17 January , by Tomasz Nowakowski, Credit: NASA The International Space Station (ISS) will soon get. Aerosols represent the second largest contributor to atmospheric heating after CO2. Aerosol optical properties are poorly understood, resulting in the largest source of uncertainty in modelling atmospheric warming and hinder the extent to which models can interpret climate phenomena. The quality of aerosol optical data is hindered by the lack of aerosolized materials with known properties.
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) measurements show a significant reduction in the stratospheric O 3 over the middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres since (WMO, ; McCormick et al., ). Rod Building. Build your own fly rod with Sage Premium fly rod blanks. a ¼ inch of the measurement that we provide in order to be consistent with the design and feel of factory-assembled Sage rods. Drastic changes to guide size and placement can affect the overall performance of the blank. Below are some tips that will help you assemble.
The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) is a series of remote sensing satellite instruments used to study the chemical composition of earth's ically, SAGE has been used to study the Earth's ozone layer and aerosols at the troposphere through the SAGE instruments use solar occultation measurement technique to determine chemical . Chapter Two: Aerosol Measurements Introduction Increasing our understanding of the physical and chemical properties of aerosols is vital for properly assessing their effects on various issues such as human health, air quality and global climate and ultimately establishing effective control File Size: KB.
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SAGE aerosol measurements. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, (OCoLC) SAGE III aerosol measurements will provide important contributions in the area of aerosol research.
Clouds Clouds play a major role in determining the planet's solar and long-wave energy balance and, thus, are important in governing the Earth's climate. SAGE III will provide measurements of mid and high level clouds including thin or "sub-visual". Bruce B. Frey, Ph.D., is an award-winning researcher, teacher, and professor of educational psychology at the University of is the author of There’s a Stat for That!, Modern Classroom Assessment, and Questions (and Answers) about Tests and Measurement for SAGE and associate editor of SAGE’s Encyclopedia of Research also wrote Statistics Hacks for O’Reilly : $ SAGE measurements of the stratospheric aerosol dispersion and loading from the soufriere volcano.
Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch ; [Springfield, Va.: For sale by the National Technical Information Service], (OCoLC) Material Type.
Rasch Models For Measurement concentrates on the simple logistic model, the most elementary and commonly used of the Rasch models. This excellent introduction uses one example from personality inventory throughout to provide continuity as the procedures and statistical arguments are explained.
This book is a welcome addition to the Sage. Currently a member of the Board of Directors of the American Association for Aerosol Research and Associated Editor of the Aerosol Science and Technology Journal, Dr. Baron has authored or co-authored over 60 publications involving fiber measurement or other aspects of aerosol science.5/5(5).
2 SAGE II Aerosol extinction measurement sensitivity study An overview of the retrieval process SAGE II is a solar occultation instrument. It records the attenuation of sunlight by the. The SAGE Handbook of Measurement is a unique methodological resource in which Walford, Viswanathan, and Tucker draw together con.
Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications.
This new edition is updated to address new and Reviews: 1. Read about SAGE’s support of the higher education community during the COVID pandemic as well as our support for online teaching and support for librarians.
The retrieval of aerosol-size distribution from simulated aerosol-extinction-coefficient measurements of the new satellite instrument, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III, is investigated.
A detailed discussion on the aerosol-size-distribution information content of the SAGE III aerosol-extinction-coefficient measurement is provided. About this book Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods.
Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications.
The Sage Handbook of Measurement is a unique methodological resource in which Walford, Viswanathan, and Tucker draw together contributions from the authors of the classic works in Measurement studies of the past twenty five years.
Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of Measurement, so that the Handbook as a whole covers the full spectrum of core issues related to Brand: SAGE Publications Ltd. measurements will extend the long-term Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement (SAM) and SAGE data record begun in the s.
The multi-decadal SAGE ozone and aerosol data sets have undergone intense scrutiny and are considered the international standard for accuracy and stability. SAGE data have been used to monitor the effectiveness of the Montreal.
Lavender and Sage Smudging Spray is a smokeless alternative to burning sage for those times when a cleansing of an area is required without the smoky smell. Just a few sprays of this Lavender scented spray clears negativity from any space and even on your body/5().
19, KENT ET AL.: LITE, SAGE II TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS The SAGE II data may be contrasted with those obtained by other satellite instruments, notably the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) [Husar et al., ] and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) [Hsu et al., ].Cited by: SAGE College Publishing | SAGE Publications Inc Books.
"The Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics presents state-of-the-art information and ready-to-use-facts from the fields of measurement and statistics in an un-intimidating style. The ideas and tools contained in theses pages are approachable and can be invaluable for understanding our very technical world and the increasing flow of.
SAGE II satellite measurements of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption cloud in the stratosphere during June, July, and early August show that aerosols in the tropics reached as high as 29 km altitude with most of the cloud between 20 and 25 by: Aerosol Measurement Techniques Suresh Dhaniyala Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Clarkson University.
Aerosol • Aerosol is a collection of liquid or solid particles suspended in air – Typical particle sizes – 1 nm to µm – Examples of aerosol particlesFile Size: 1MB. Abstract. The use of SAGE III multiwavelength aerosol ex-tinction coefﬁcient measurements to infer PSC type is con-tingent on the robustness of both the extinction magnitude and its spectral variation.
Past validation with SAGE II and other similar measurements has shown that the SAGE III extinction coefﬁcient measurements are reliable.SAGE aerosol measurements. Volume III--January 1,to Novem [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch ; [Springfield, Va.]: [For sale by the National Technical Information .Stratospheric aerosol measurements from the University of Wyoming balloonborne optical particle counters (OPCs), the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, and the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) were compared in the periodwhen measurements were available.
The OPCs measure aerosol size distributions, and HALOE multiwavelength ( μm) extinction.


In a plausible but speculative scenario, oceanographer Douglas Martinson suggests that temperature increases caused by global warming would not significantly affect the stability of the Antarctic environment, where sea ice forms on the periphery of the continent in the autumn and winter and mostly disappears in the summer. True, less sea ice would form in the winter because global warming would cause temperatures to rise. However, Martinson argues, the effect of a warmer atmosphere may be offset as follows. The formation of sea ice causes the concentration of salt in surface waters to increase; less sea ice would mean a smaller increase in the concentration of salt. Less salty surface waters would be less dense and therefore less likely to sink and stir up deep water. The deep water, with all its stored heat, would rise to the surface at a slower rate. Thus, although the winter sea-ice cover might decrease, the surface waters would remain cold enough so that the decrease would not be excessive.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of the surface waters in the current Antarctic environment?
A. They are more affected by annual fluctuations in atmospheric temperatures than they would be if they were less salty.
B. They are less salty than they would be if global warming were to occur.
C. They are more likely to sink and stir up deep waters than they would be if atmospheric temperatures were to increase.
D. They are able to offset some of the effects of global warming beyond the Antarctic region.
E. They are less affected by the temperature of deep water than they would be if atmospheric temperatures were to increase.
解析：选项是拿ice当前的状态和将来的状态对比，而不是习惯性理解的ice将要如何如何。例如C选项，是说如果气温上升，现在的ice比将来的ice更可能下沉而stir up deep waters，反过来说就是将来的ice(大气温度上升之后) less likely to stir up deep waters。


Hawaii’s Mount Kilauea erupted Thursday morning at 4:00 a.m. local time. The eruption sent ash clouds as high as 30,000 feet. Ash clouds wreak havoc on modern airliners and their jet engines.
On Thursday, Mount Kilauea on Hawaii’s Big Island erupted at 4:00 a.m. local time on Thursday. The explosive eruption sent ash clouds 30,000 feet in the air and has forced more than 1,000 people to flee.


Aerosol and Air Quality Research Lab
The Air Quality Management/Air Pollution Control Program is an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental program encompassing Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and the Institute of Environmental Health in the College of Medicine. The program began in 1967 in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering by the late Professors John Pattison and Charles Gruber. Over the years the program has graduated more than 400 Master's students and 55 Ph.D. students, and has developed an international reputation for quality research and training. The current faculty in the program is Dr. Mingming Lu.
The program offers majors in either Environmental Engineering or Environmental Science. The former is for graduates with accredited undergraduate engineering majors who will focus on the engineering aspects of air pollution control. The latter is for graduates with science majors who will be emphasizing the physical and life science aspects of air pollution. A detailed explanation of the requirements for a non-engineer to enter the Environmental Engineering major is available on the website. Because the Program is interdepartmental, students have available air pollution courses from any of the three departments.
Further, the research laboratories of each department are open to student for thesis/dissertation research projects with approval of the faculty member responsible for the laboratory. This is especially important since the research work done in each laboratory has a different emphasis. The courses available in each department that are of most interest to air pollution students are listed on the website. The faculty research focus is on sustainable energy solutions that address concerns related to air quality, climate change, and energy production. Please consult with the program faculty for a description of current research activities.


As the levels of air pollutants in a region are better understood, it becomes critical that the air quality manager understand the sources of the air quality problem. The greatest industrial disaster leading to serious air pollution took place man-made activities are the major contributor of air pollution automobiles. Smog and particulate pollution remain the earthtalk: threats to air quality planes and automobiles) as the greatest contributor to american air pollution,.
There are two main causes of air pollution: automobiles and the largest contributor to pollution in the industrial air pollution is the greatest threat to. Read chapter 3 human causes of global change: decisions with the greatest impact on energy use, air pollution, as the product of number of automobiles,. Noise pollution: managing the is usually the single greatest contributor of noise in most cities traffic motor vehicle noise, including noise from automobiles.
The water pollution problem causing the greatest concern is is a major contributor to pollutants from gasoline-powered automobiles include the. Nasa says: automobiles largest net climate change largest net contributor to climate change pollution as the greatest net contributor to. Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases 72% of the totally emitted greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (co2).Dangerous threats to air quality planes and automobiles) as the greatest contributor to american air pollution, as for particulate pollution,. Earthtalk discusses air pollution and what you can do to help (trains, planes and automobiles) as the greatest contributor to american air pollution,. The clean air act of the reforms also established new limits on ozone—a prime contributor it also required new automobiles to meet stricter pollution. In the recent past, the world has come to realize that environmental pollution poses the greatest danger to the existence of the mankind environmental pollution is greatest at the urban centers and the greatest contributor to this situation is poor planning and ineffective transportation in the urban centers.
Cow 'emissions' more damaging to planet than co2 from the world's rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the the pollution washes down. Free environmental problems papers, automobiles and pollution - automobiles and the automobile is probably the leading contributor pollution in our. Automobiles and promotes cleaner vehicle americans spend the greatest amount of time in contributor to overall indoor air pollution. Practice quizzes please read each the greatest contributor to acid rain are nitrous the harm from radon pollution is as well-established as the harm from.
Report on auto-related environmental taxes_1 the automobile is a major contributor to air pollution (1) emissions from automobiles account for the greatest. The 10 countries with the most cars the usa is often criticized for its views on pollution, especially air pollution this heavily industrialized nation is undeniably a major contributor to harmful chemicals filling the air and cars are.
The greatest source all together would be another is the constant use of automobiles is the greatest source of air pollution volcanic eruptions or burning. Transportation is the largest single source of air pollution in the united states fortunately, diesel exhaust is a major contributor to pm pollution. A survey on the effects of vehicle vehicle emissions are a significant contributor to ambient pollution, the ever increasing proliferation of automobiles.Download
2018. Education database.


CO2 Meter, Air Quality Monitor, Portable Indoor Outdoor CO2 Detector Professional for Air Quality Monitor and Humidity Meter for Living Room, Bedroom and Office 0~5000ppm Range
SALE PRICE: £68.99
About this item
- ✅【Product Specifications】: The carbon dioxide monitor has a built-in 18650 lithium battery, a USB charging interface, and supports USB charging with a specification of “5V-1A”, which can be used while charging, and has a low battery reminder function. 2400 mAh battery capacity, 5v charging voltage, 100 hours long standby.
- ✅【Visual CO2 Alarm System】: The comfortable expression makes the carbon dioxide concentration status clear at a glance, plus the indicator light that changes color according to different levels of carbon dioxide concentration, allowing you to easily grasp the current carbon dioxide concentration status in the air. Icon display: 0~700ppm (safety) 700~1500ppm (warning) over 1500ppm☹ (exceeding standard).
- ✅【Honeycomb Heat Dissipation】: The honeycomb heat dissipation design on the back not only ensures that the sensor is in full contact with the air, but also facilitates heat dissipation, reducing false alarms caused by excessive temperature and insufficient contact with the outside air.
- ✅【PPM-level Resolution】: PTH series carbon dioxide monitors are equipped with high-performance sensors based on the principle of non-dispersive infrared absorption. Relying on super denoising circuits and hybrid algorithms, the resolution level of concentration detection can reach PPM level.
- ✅【Products Include】: PTH host*1, USB data cable*1, manual*1
✅Product size: (outer diameter) 83 mm, (thickness) 32 mm
✅Battery type: 18650 lithium ion polymer battery
✅Battery capacity (typical value): 2400mAh
✅Working temperature: 0℃~40℃
✅CO2 (resolution): 1 ppm
✅CO2 (range): 0~5000 ppm
✅Input parameters: 5V–1A
|Dimensions:||10.1 x 8.8 x 4.3 cm; 192 Grams|


Released By: Australian Synchrotron
Release Date: Sun 30 November 2008
Australian researchers are developing better ways to gather accurate information about greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere with the help of synchrotron infrared light.
In a recent paper in Chemical Physics Letters, they reported on a study that will allow more accurate measurement of an important refrigerant, R152a, which is commonly used in car air-conditioning and industry.
"R152a is a commonly used replacement for the ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons used in refrigeration," says the lead author, Monash University chemist Don McNaughton.
"Its levels in the atmosphere have gone up five-fold since it was introduced more than a decade ago, which is a concern as this gas, which absorbs infrared light, is believed to contribute to greenhouse warming," he says.
The study, published this month in the journal Chemical Physics Letters, gave the researchers an accurate picture of the gas using an infrared spectrometer attached to the synchrotron. The system measures the absorbance by the gas of different wavelengths of infrared light and produces a highly detailed spectrum that is characteristic of the gas and its chemical structure.
"The information will help climate scientists improve their models and hence the measurements obtained from high altitude balloons and ground based instruments," says Don.
"The infrared beamline provides new opportunities to do these kinds of experiments," says the Synchrotron's principal infrared beamline scientist Mark Tobin.
"And new equipment being developed for the infrared beamline will extend its capabilities even further, allowing the researchers to reproduce the wide range of temperatures found in the Earth's upper atmosphere - ranging from 20 to minus 90."
The Monash researchers are also planning to study the far infrared spectra of interstellar molecules such as methanimine.
"These molecules only exist for very short times on Earth so we will have some challenges generating them in order to analyse them," Don says. "To enable us to start these experiments the Synchrotron is installing special exhaust systems to safely carry the resultant gas stream away."
The resulting data, he says, will be of great assistance to radio-astronomers studying the composition of interstellar gases.
The study is the second paper to come out of research performed on the infrared beamline since it opened last year.


The Eta Model, defined and developed by Fedor Mesinger and Zavisa Janjic, is a typical example of a regional model.
The development of the Eta Model was initiated back in 1972 by the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute (FHMI) and the
Institute of Meteorology of the University of Belgrade (IMUB), and that is why the model was named HIBU (Hydrometeorological
Institute and Belgrade University). Since January 1979 the model has been in operational use at the FHMI.
The new version of the model based on the HIBU model is the Eta Model developed in cooperation among IMUB, GFDL Princeton,
and NMC Washington. The Eta Model was named after its unique vertical coordinate (eta). The computer programme of the model
was written in the standard FORTRAN (ANSI FORTRAN), so that it is easy to transfer and install on different computers. The model
has been used so far on mainframes produced by all major western manufacturers (e.g. IBM, CDC, DEC, Honywell-Bull, Cray, Convex)
as well as on widely used workstations (e.g. Sun, Indigo, Indy, Power Challenge, Indigo2, PC, Cluster parallel computer).
The model is being upgraded continuously. In particular, special attention is paid to further improvement of the parameterizations
of physical processes.
Today, the model is used for research purposes in more than 20 meteorological institutions throughout the world. In five countries
it is used for operational weather forecasting (Italy, South Africa, Turkey, U.S.A. and Yugoslavia), while in several other countries
its operational use is imminent or planned (Brazil, Greece, Korea). At the NCEP (formerly NMC) Washington, the model has been
operational (it is run twice daily) since mid-1993.
General characteristics of the Eta Model
Limited area integration domain;
Forecasts up to two days (extension to 2.5 days is presently contemplated at the NCEP, Washington);
Primitive equations, hydrostatic;
Basic prognostic variables are temperature, specific humidity, wind components, turbulent kinetic energy and
surface pressure. Some recent model versions include cloud water as the sixth three-dimensional prognostic
variable. Additional surface prognostic variables are soil temperature and moisture, total and convective rainfall,
and snow depth;
Finite difference grid-point method is used;
The vertical coordinate (eta) is a generalization of the sigma coordinate allowing step-like mountain representation
(Figure 3). The model can be used in both modes (eta or sigma) without any change in the code other than setting
a logical switch;
In the horizontal advection the model has a built-in control of the non-linear energy cascade;
Split-explicit time differencing;
Second order turbulence closure scheme following the Mellor-Yamada approach;
Land surface processes;
Betts-Miller-Janjic deep and shallow moist convection scheme;
Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) radiation package.
Applications of the Eta Model
The model is used operationally for general purpose forecasting. An example of initial situation and the 48h-120h forecast
are shown in Figures 4 and 5, respectively. Direct model forecast products are used for preparation of various specific
products that may be required by the users.
The model-produced data in the digital form can be used as input in automated management systems such as those used in electric
power generation systems, industry, transportation, ecology, etc.
The model is also used for predicting severe storms, including tropical cyclones. The development and movement of a number of
tropical cyclones, e.g. Hugo, Allison, hantal, etc., were highly successfully predicted using the Eta Model at the NCEP
(formerly NMC) Washington.
Along with the prediction of a trajectory where a particle of air is followed during its movement, the Eta Model makes it
possible to predict transport of pollutants through atmosphere. Figure 6 shows forward and backward trajectories of a particle
of air calculated for the same locations in Europe. The model products are also the basis for calculation of chemical
transformations of pollutants in the atmosphere and their deposition.


Version: Copyright: FreeRequirement: depending on deviceSize: depending on deviceRelease: Apalon Apps
Live Weather Free for Android is a weather forecast app for hundreds of locations around the world on Android phones. It provides detailed images illustrating weather, temperature, sunshine, rain, wind, storm, humidity… Besides, there are also a series of beautiful wallpapers about the weather.
Live Weather Free for Android displays a map of weather such as: rainfall, clouds. Besides, there are also radar and satellite systems. Not only that, users can change the forecast time such as: short-term, long-term. As well as keep up with all the information about the latest and continuous weather.
Main features of Live Weather Free for Android:
– Weather forecast on Android phones
– Images illustrating weather, temperature, sunshine …
– Beautiful wallpapers about the weather.
– Display a map of weather such as rainfall, clouds.
– Radar systems, satellites
Some more images in Dynamic Weather Free for Android


Outdoor Photography Part 1: Weather Rules the roost!
Outdoor Photography Part 1: Weather rules the Roost!
With spring teasing us into thinking about summer, the desire to enjoy the outdoors that makes Oregon amazing is surging in our blood. This is in in turn a part of photography in Oregon and should be embraced!!! We have had several successful sessions already this season in the beauty that is constantly changing in a dynamic show for everyone to see. When planning for an outdoor photography session remembering who is really in charge in the spring is important.
TIP #1: Flexibility is Key.
When developing a schedule, pick one that could be flexed 5-7 days. This is based upon the experiences of looking at weather systems and understanding the effects of climate and geography. Some of the microclimates in the Willamette Valley change timing and the outcome of storms. Your efforts as a client and those of the photographer are to be an amateur weather person or find a weatherperson who has a great track record.
Our weather for the most part west of Portland come from the Pacific Ocean and is modified by the proximity to the Coast Range of Oregon. As you move from West to East through the Portland Metropolitan region the urban environment begins to change the weather (Slightly warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer) along with the Willamette River causing fog and cloud cover to hold longer that in the west and east of the city. As you get east of Portland the Columbia Gorge can cause east winds in the spring, which can be cold and somewhat extreme.
With that all being said understanding that working together as a client and photographer to find a date that can be flexible to wait out a weather pattern to pass or during a time of day that will be the most conducive for light and fog is just as important. I set dates based upon weather forecasts such as the Weather Channel website information focused upon the location desired, by zip code (https://weather.com/weather/tenday/l/USOR0075:1:US). Being specific with the forecast location is major here as the difference from our town of Cornelius, OR and Downtown Portland could be an hour for rain forecasting. If cloud cover is going to be consistent you could also loose sunlight earlier and be trying to shoot outdoors in the dark….. NOT desired unless you’re going to be looking for that type of session.
Having a 5-7 day window lets you move the session if possible to be between rain, wind, and or snow, which we can have in the spring. The options are then given to the client and weighed out. Finding covered areas can help but as we all know the desire is for nature, rather than under a shelter, but the options for utilizing the fireplaces that many of our parks have are also gorgeous. The weather service also has an hourly view of the weather, which can be fairly accurate for 48 hours as long as you can do some interpretation of the information. For example if the chance of rain is increasing from one hour to the next you can think that the storm is coming into the area and that the chance of rain is higher as the hours get closer together. This is seen with a report like this one.
The storm is coming into the area in the 8pm hour with the real chance for rain in the 9pm hour I would guess closer to 10pm. The percentage of rain is just the chance of rain during that hour not necessarily at the top of the hour. So the percentages are covering the error rate for the weather if that makes sense.
If the percentages are reversed and your trying to have a session as a storm is going away then picking a time in the last half hour of the time will be better than picking a time at the top of the hour. So in this example the rain will probably be continuing from 10am till 11:30 or so, but always a guess. That may seems like a small window but if your schedules are busy that may mean the difference between having a session and needing to cancel.
People want amazing photographs and the idea of being in a storm is just not going to be great artwork and even grey sky could be enough to ruin the session. As a client understanding that you need to have some flexibility for weather, rain, snow, wind, cold or heat is critical. As a photographer your equipment is also at risk along with your hard work. Being willing to reschedule is important and being able to be understanding about weather and find dates that will create amazing outdoor photography will make for an amazing experience.


Weather [edit this]
Climate varies greatly, from the arid deserts of Rajasthan to the cool highlands of Assam, allegedly the wettest place on earth. But basically India has a three-season year - the hot, the wet and the cool. The heat starts to build up on the northern plains around April and cools off by September. The monsoon rains begin around June and end August. India's northern cities start getting cool by October and become crisp at night in December. In the far south, it never gets very cold, the temperatures are comfortably warm rather than hot.
Edit by: Vincent


NEW YORK, N.Y. – This weekend will be mostly sunny in Westchster County with some showers possible, according to the National Weather Service.
Friday is expected to be sunny with a high near 87 degrees. Friday night will be partly cloudy with an overnight low of around 65 degrees.
Saturday may bring showers and thunderstorms after noon. It will be mostly sunny with a high near 80 degrees. For Saturday night, there is a slight chance of showers and thunderstorms before midnight. It will remain mostly cloudy with a low of around 64 degrees
Sunday may bring showers and thunderstorms after noon. It is expected to be mostly sunny, with a high near 79 degrees. Sunday night will be partly cloudy with an overnight low of around 64 degrees.
- 1 July 4 Terror Warning Issued By Homeland Security, FBI
- 2 Former Concordia College Assistant Basketball Coach ID'd In Fatal Crash
- 3 Police Shoot, Kill Fugitive Richard Matt; Fellow Escapee David Sweat On Run
- 4 Second Escapee David Sweat Shot By New York State Police, Now In Hospital
- 5 Police Investigating Fatal Shootings Off Hutchinson River Parkway


Imagine it is 2030 and Flagstaff is carbon neutral. What actions did we take to get there?
We want to hear from you.
The aggressive goal of carbon neutrality means that our community will need to mobilize quickly to transform our activities and systems. We want to know what actions you want and expect to see to get Flagstaff to carbon neutrality.
When you think about the steps it takes to get Flagstaff to carbon neutrality in 2030, what actions do you think of?
On June 23, 2020, the Flagstaff City Council declared a Climate Emergency. The Declaration commits Flagstaff to updating its Climate Action and Adaptation Plan to achieve community-wide carbon neutrality by the year 2030.
Learn more about the emergency declaration, including the citizen petition and the actions the declaration calls for, on the climate emergency web page.
To mobilize resources to respond to this emergency, the City will revise the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan to reflect the new goal of carbon neutrality, while supporting a collaborative climate action mobilization that requires full community participation.
What is carbon neutrality?
Carbon neutrality means reducing our net greenhouse gas emissions to zero. Here, we use 'carbon' to refer to carbon dioxide (CO2) - one of the most important greenhouse gasses. Greenhouse gas emissions are how the Flagstaff community contributes to climate change, through the use of fossil fuels and the consumption of goods.
Carbon neutrality envisions a community that first reduces the emissions produced by the community to every extent possible. After maximizing reductions, it is likely that there will still be emissions that could not be avoided (Emissions Remaining). To account for the Emissions Remaining, the community would then take action to remove emissions from the atmosphere (Emissions Removed).
When the Emissions Removed = Emissions Remaining, it can be said that the net greenhouse gas emissions of the community are zero, that carbon neutrality has been achieved and that our impact on the climate is neutral.
Why carbon neutrality?
Carbon neutrality is required to minimize the negative effects of global climate change - a crisis that will affect everyone around the world, but will affect vulnerable communities most severely.
Carbon neutrality is so important because it not only avoids harm, but also has innumerable benefits. It will require making homes and buildings far more energy efficient - so that they are more comfortable and affordable in all seasons. It will require reducing the number of vehicle miles traveled by car, which means it will make it easier for people to travel by bus, biking, or walking. It will mean less food waste and more food made available for people in need.
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A polar vortex, which is a is a collection of cold and dense air that rotates counterclockwise, is set to bring frigid temperatures to half the United States.
The polar vortex is set to move across the country and drop temperatures to below zero in many areas. Some areas that will be affected by the polar vortex could see wind chill drop down into the negative 60’s and 50’s. The dangerously cold temperatures have resulted in every school in the state of Minnesota closing on Monday. The cold temperatures have also resulted in around 1,200 flights being cancelled, reports WTSP 10 News.
26 states are currently under a cold weather warning due to the polar vortex. Snow isn’t a major concern for most of the states under the warning, but areas near the Great Lakes may experience up to three feet of snow, NBC News notes.
“This winter storm will be one for the record books and we want to make sure everyone stays safe and warm until it passes,” Illinois Gov. Pat Quinn told CNBC.


“Global warming” refers to the global-average temperature increase that has been observed over the last one hundred years or more. But to many politicians and the public, the term carries the implication that mankind is responsible for that warming. This website describes evidence from my group’s government-funded research that suggests global warming is mostly natural, and that the climate system is quite insensitive to humanity’s greenhouse gas emissions and aerosol pollution.
Believe it or not, very little research has ever been funded to search for natural mechanisms of warming…it has simply been assumed that global warming is manmade. This assumption is rather easy for scientists since we do not have enough accurate global data for a long enough period of time to see whether there are natural warming mechanisms at work.
The United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claims that the only way they can get their computerized climate models to produce the observed warming is with anthropogenic (human-caused) pollution. But they’re not going to find something if they don’t search for it. More than one scientist has asked me, “What else COULD it be?” Well, the answer to that takes a little digging… and as I show, one doesn’t have to dig very far.
But first let’s examine the basics of why so many scientists think global warming is manmade. Earth’s atmosphere contains natural greenhouse gases (mostly water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane) which act to keep the lower layers of the atmosphere warmer than they otherwise would be without those gases. Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation — the radiant heat energy that the Earth naturally emits to outer space in response to solar heating. Mankind’s burning of fossil fuels (mostly coal, petroleum, and natural gas) releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and this is believed to be enhancing the Earth’s natural greenhouse effect. As of 2008, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was about 40% to 45% higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution in the 1800’s.
It is interesting to note that, even though carbon dioxide is necessary for life on Earth to exist, there is precious little of it in Earth’s atmosphere. As of 2008, only 39 out of every 100,000 molecules of air were CO2, and it will take mankind’s CO2 emissions 5 more years to increase that number by 1, to 40.
The “Holy Grail”: Climate Sensitivity Figuring out how much past warming is due to mankind, and how much more we can expect in the future, depends upon something called “climate sensitivity”. This is the temperature response of the Earth to a given amount of ‘radiative forcing’, of which there are two kinds: a change in either the amount of sunlight absorbed by the Earth, or in the infrared energy the Earth emits to outer space.
The ‘consensus’ of opinion is that the Earth’s climate sensitivity is quite high, and so warming of about 0.25 deg. C to 0.5 deg. C (about 0.5 deg. F to 0.9 deg. F) every 10 years can be expected for as long as mankind continues to use fossil fuels as our primary source of energy. NASA’s James Hansen claims that climate sensitivity is very high, and that we have already put too much extra CO2 in the atmosphere. Presumably this is why he and Al Gore are campaigning for a moratorium on the construction of any more coal-fired power plants in the U.S.
You would think that we’d know the Earth’s ‘climate sensitivity’ by now, but it has been surprisingly difficult to determine. How atmospheric processes like clouds and precipitation systems respond to warming is critical, as they are either amplifying the warming, or reducing it. This website currently concentrates on the response of clouds to warming, an issue which I am now convinced the scientific community has totally misinterpreted when they have measured natural, year-to-year fluctuations in the climate system. As a result of that confusion, they have the mistaken belief that climate sensitivity is high, when in fact the satellite evidence suggests climate sensitivity is low.
The case for natural climate change I also present an analysis of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation which shows that most climate change might well be the result of….the climate system itself! Because small, chaotic fluctuations in atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems can cause small changes in global average cloudiness, this is all that is necessary to cause climate change. You don’t need the sun, or any other ‘external’ influence (although these are also possible…but for now I’ll let others work on that). It is simply what the climate system does. This is actually quite easy for meteorologists to believe, since we understand how complex weather processes are. Your local TV meteorologist is probably a closet ‘skeptic’ regarding mankind’s influence on climate.
Climate change — it happens, with or without our help.


| < September >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in The Pas, Manitoba in September is a little cool at 9.9 °C (49.82 °F).
- Afternoons can be mild with average high temperatures reaching 14.7 °C (58.5 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally cool with an average low of 5 °C (41 °F).
- The variation/ range of daily average temperatures in September is 9.7 °C (17.5 °F).
- The weather in September is slightly dry with rain occasionally. Only 58.3mm (2.3in) of fluid descends during an average of 12 days.
- The skies in The Pas, Manitoba are slightly fair having on balance a mediocre 5:11 of splendid solar radiation per day.
- The shortest day is 11:35 long and the longest day is 13:43 long with an average length of 12:39.
- There are approximately 7:12 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 41.9% of daylight hours and cloudy 58.1% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the The Pas, Manitoba September averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for September in The Pas, Manitoba, Canada
Navigate to September Weather in Locations Surrounding The Pas, Manitoba:
- La Ronge, Sk, Canada - 299.1 kms (185.9 miles) WNW
- Flin Flon, Mb, Canada - 102 kms (63.4 miles) NNW
- Prince Albert, Sk, Canada - 312.7 kms (194.3 miles) WSW
- Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada - 425.1 kms (264.2 miles) WSW
- Wynyard, Sk, Canada - 321.1 kms (199.5 miles) SW
- Yorkton, Sk, Canada - 314.1 kms (195.2 miles) SSW
- Princeton, Bc, Canada - 314.2 kms (195.3 miles) SSW
- Broadview, Sk, Canada - 412.5 kms (256.3 miles) SSW


The climatic event known as ‘heat waves’ will intensify very significantly in the coming years in Spain, but especially on the Mediterranean side. The first detailed investigation of the expected evolution of this phenomenon in Spain shows that the increase in its intensity will reach 104% by 2050, which will reach 150% on the Mediterranean coast.
A study on climate projections carried out last year and which is now once again topical, predicts an increase in the intensity of heat waves of 104% for the near future (2021-2050) throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Researchers from the University of Santiago de Compostela and the University of Vigo participated in the research. The most important changes pointed out in this research, which has just been published in the international journal Atmospheric Research, occur in the central and eastern regions of the country, reaching 150% for the Mediterranean coast and the Pyrenees. The authors of this work, including Nieves Lorenzo, Alejandro Díaz-Poso and Dominic Royé, estimate an increase in heat waves with trends of 6% to 8% per decade, which will lead to a greater impact on the human being, an increase in the demand for energy and implications for the risk of fires. Increase in MA heat waves These types of climatic events can be characterized by four dimensions: frequency, duration, intensity and spatial extension. In fact, in this study the ‘excess heat’ factor is applied for the first time (Excess Heat Factor, EHF), a parameter developed by Australian scientists that takes into account both the intensity and the effects on the human body. Other previous research has already shown that the EHF could be used to assess the effects of these extreme heat episodes on the health of the population (Royé et al. 2020). “The EHF index is very useful for detecting this type of extreme event, which makes it a tool to contribute to decision-making to minimize the negative impacts of heat waves on public health or on other susceptible sectors, such as agriculture, forestry or energy”, says the University of Santiago de Compostela in a note. The projections indicate that the areas that show a greater intensity do not coincide with areas where the heat wave events have a greater duration. Extreme heat will be on the rise Pixabay For both 1971-2000 and 2021-2050, heat waves in western peninsular and mountainous regions are characterized by higher EHF but shorter duration than those in the southeastern peninsular and , in general, on the Mediterranean coast. The main reason for this spatial pattern, the authors of the publication underline, lies in the rapid transport of soft air masses from the Atlantic Ocean to the west of the Iberian Peninsula. The average extent of heat waves for the period 1971-2000 increased by 1.71% per decade, while the increase in maximum extent is even greater, at 4.3% per decade. This trend is expected to continue in the near future, with increases ranging between 6% and 8% per decade for the value of maximum extension. The results point to a significant increase in the intensity, frequency, duration and extent of heat waves in Spain for the 21st century. Reference study: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809521002076?dgcid=author …….. Environment section contact: [email protected]


South Africa’s weather conditions usually vary from Mediterranean around the southwestern part of South Africa to temperate within the internal plateau, and subtropical on the northeast. A little region on the northwest features a desert weather conditions. The majority of the country has warm, warm days and cold nights. Rainfall usually takes place for the period of summer season (November through March), though on the southwest, across Cape Town, rainfall happens in winter season (June to August). Temperature ranges are affected by variations on height, landscape, as well as sea currents much more than latitude.
Temperature and rainfall schedules differ as a result to the motion of the high pressure belt which encircles the planet in between 25º and 30º south latitude throughout the winter season and low-pressure systems which happen throughout summer season. There’s almost no variation in normal temperatures coming from south to north, but, partly due to the inland plateau increases a bit on the northeast.
Frost happens in higher altitudes on the winter season. The coldest conditions had been documented around 250 kilometers northeast of Cape Town, in which the regular yearly minimum temperature is about -6.1º C.
Weather conditions differ significantly somewhere between east and west, mostly due to the warm Agulhas ocean current, that sweeps southward across the Indian Ocean shoreline on the east for a number of months of the year, and then the cold Benguela current, that sweeps northward across the Atlantic Ocean shoreline on the west.
Spring in South Africa
Spring is definitely an enjoyable time for you to go to South Africa. Beginning around September, temperatures normally rise over 60 degrees Fahrenheit (16 degrees Celsius) in Cape Town and then to nearly 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius) around Pretoria. Temperatures go on to increase in the season, while rains reduce, causing this to be an excellent period to discover the country
What to Bring Along: Your packing list for spring season must consist of a few of the lighter clothes you’d pack for summer, and also a jacket or sweater for the occasional frosty day. Remember to bring sunscreen – the sun around South Africa is extreme all year long.
Summer in South Africa
The summer season in South Africa bring on hot, tropical weather all through most of the country, causing excellent escapes in December, January, and February. On the western portion of South Africa, afternoon rain showers are common. Cape Town is likewise very windy during this time. Water temperatures are warmer and well suited for swimming.
What to Bring Along: Over these months, pack clothing which are cool, lightweight and comfy, since temperatures could be very hot. Pack swimwear in case you will be going to the beach.
Fall in South Africa
March is usually the very last warm month around South Africa, having a daytime temperature which range from 77 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit (25 to 28 degrees Celsius). During April, temperatures fall a bit more, and fog normally takes place. Around May, you have showers and heavy clouds. Temperatures around Cape Town usually hover about 65 degrees Fahrenheit, while Johannesburg is normally more than 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius).
What to Bring Along: Pack up light, breathable clothes, however be ready for rainfall as well. Make sure you remember to bring insect repellant, if possible with DEET.
Winter Season in South Africa
Winter season around South Africa brings forth unpredictable weather conditions coming from June through August which can differ extremely based on where you are going to. For instance, Cape Town may drop to 47 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees Celsius) on July while it is 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Celsius) around Durban. Snow is typical in high altitude. In case you are looking to see whales, it is the best time for you to do this.
What to Bring Along: This season in South Africa is normally mild, however you must still pack long-sleeved shirts, a jacket, sweaters, and also a nice raincoat, particularly if you are going to wetter coastal towns.


Average Weather during February in Basel (Canton of Basel-Stadt), Switzerland. The climate in Lucerne, Zurich, Lugano, Montreux, Fribourg, Sion, Lausanne, Interlaken, Bern, Basel, Geneva, Zermatt and Davos and everywhere in the country is ver bad . At the same time, cooler and warmer types of weather can be found in Switzerland. The amount of rain/snow in February is normal with an average of 46mm (1.8in). The destinations are displayed with objective criteria (climate, budget, activities ...) and are not related to any commercial offers. Weather forecasts always distinguish between the north side of the Alps, southern Switzerland and the Engadine. The sites here with the coldest weather are two mountain peaks. Plan a sweater! Ambulance 144. Weather in Switzerland in February. Climate and Average Weather in Switzerland. Another frigid and wintery month in Switzerland, the average temperatures run between -0.8°C and 5°C, but lows can be freezing (-10°C). The most picturesque and panoramic views greet you during this time of the year. Norm values tables. Great St. Bernard Pass (Col du Grand St-Bernard) is the highest point on this list at 2472 metres (8110 feet). The February weather guide for Interlaken, Switzerland shows long term weather averages processed from data supplied by CRU (University of East Anglia), the Met Office & … With 2.4in over 9 days, you will experience some showers for your trip. It rains or snows a significant amount: 5 to 6 days per month. With 3.1in over 13 days, you risk getting wet slightly throughout your vacations. Therefore it often forms the separation between different kinds of weather. The factors that affect the climate of the country are the altitude, the layout of the mountains and the distance of the country from the sea. Swiss Air Ambulance 1414. The tables give the normals for maximum and minimum monthly temperatures based on weather data collected from 1981 to 2010. In the month of february, the mean temperature in Davos is 25Â°F (maximum temperature is 32Â°F and minimum temperature is 20Â°F). WhereAndWhen.net provides a tool to help you decide on your next holiday destination. In February, the average maximum UV index of 2 translate into the following recommendations: People with sensitive skin, children, and babies should always be protected from prolonged sun exposure. Read an overview of the climate. But I am really keen on switzerland and we cannot push the time beyond feb. Pls guide. Average temperatures for February at cities throughout Switzerland are listed below in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit. There are also two mountains of the Central Eastern Alps. Each place has a total for how many days of fresh snow it usually gets this month and for the normal amount of snowfall. On Piz Corvatsch, near Silvaplana in the Bernina Range, the weather is measured at 3305 metres (10,843 feet). May weather is a fickle thing. Look at weather averages and advices on this page. Nowhere the weather is more changeable than in the mountains. Wengen Weather: February. Temperature . You can jump to a separate table for each part of the country: Eastern, Western, Central and Northern Switzerland. Average Day Temperature: 26.3°F: Average Night Temperature: 8.2°F: Number of Sunny Days: 7 days: Sunshine Hours: 9.7 - 11.0 hours: Number of Rainy Days: 1 day: ... Switzerland … The climate in Lucerne, Zurich, Lugano, Montreux, Fribourg, Sion, Lausanne, Interlaken, Bern, Basel, Geneva, Zermatt and Davos and everywhere in the country is ver bad. Switzerland in February. Switzerland: Seven-day weather forecast. Select a destination to see more weather parameters. February is the driest month of the year. The average daily maximum UV index, is 2. February weather forecast for Basel, Switzerland. But this is rather moderate and you will not be too bothered by it. With 2.4in over 9 days, you risk getting wet slightly during your trip. The percentage indicates the possibility of having the weather mentioned. Weather phenomena recorded in previous years in Zurich ☃ Water Temperature in localities in Zurich ☀ Weather forecast for Zurich in February ☔. Also above 1400 metres (or 4600 feet) are the mountain resort towns of Zermatt and Montana. Swiss Prefix 41. Posted by wrlaml on 08/25/14 06:53 PM. February is a cold month in the Swiss city of Geneva. Bern Bern, the capital of Switzerland, lies on the plateau, at 500 meters (1,600 feet) above sea level, and has an average temperature ranging from 0 °C (32 °F) in January to 18.5 °C (65.5 °F) in July.There are on average 35 days with snowfall per year, usually occurring from November to April. The seasons in Switzerland are winter (mid December to mid March), spring (mid March to mid June), summer (mid June to mid September) and fall (mid September to mid December). You can jump to a separate table for each part of the country: Eastern, Western, Central and Northern Switzerland. February is in the winter in Zermatt and is typically the 2nd coldest month of the year. The highest areas have an Alpine climate, the medium-high areas a cold continental climate and the lower parts (in the north-west) have a temperate continental climate. So you can pack your bags and check when is the best time to go to Switzerland. Get the monthly weather forecast for Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland, including daily high/low, historical averages, to help you plan ahead. Zurich is the capital of Switzerland and considered one of the best cities to live in across the globe. The climate of the Alps and of the Jura uplands in the cooler months is mostly raw, rainy, or snowy, with frost occurring above 1,830 m (6,000 ft). The climate in Switzerland in february is very bad across the board. On Weissfluhjoch, a peak in the Plessur Range above Davos, weather is reported from just below the summit, at 2690 metres (8825 feet) elevation. Zurich has an average of 2°C, with highs that can climb up to 6°C if you’re lucky. Plan to cover you well! My husband & I are going to celebrate my 60th birthday in beautiful Switzerland in mid February 2015.It is my most favorite place on earth. The climate is quite more than very fresh in that area in the month of february. Take a look at the seven-day weather forecast for the principal cities inSwitzerland. Â© 2014-2020 Des Clics Nomades SAS - All right reserved, more information about the climate in Zurich in february, more information about the climate in Bern in february, more information about the climate in Davos in february, more information about the climate in Geneva in february, more information about the climate in Lausanne in february, when is the best time to go to Switzerland. Here are the average temperatures. Is it the perfect time to go to Interlaken and Sion? Be prepared with the most accurate 10-day forecast for Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland with highs, lows, chance of precipitation from The Weather Channel and Weather.com The calculation of days only includes the days when new snow totalled at least one centimetre (0.4 inches). Daytime maximum temperatures average around a freezing -5°C (22°F), whilst at night -11°C (12°F) is normal. For each destination, Easyvoyage's weather tool gives you temperature and rainfall indicators, along with wind force and direction and sunrise/sunset times. The climate is quite more than very fresh in that locality in february. World Resorts Switzerland Wengen Weather February Weather in Wengen. Weather in Zurich in February 2020. Daily temperatures, usually ranging between -1C (30.2F) and 6C (42.8F), are slightly higher than in January.Considering average monthly temperatures, Geneva, Switzerland, is colder than Milan, Italy, for several degrees Celsius (up to a dozen degrees Fahrenheit). The climate is rather more than very fresh in that area in february. Weather data for Switzerland in february is derived from an average of the weather forecast since 2009 in Switzerland. In the month of february, maximum temperature is 41Â°F and minimum temperature is 31Â°F (for an average temperature of 36Â°F). How are weather conditions in Switzerland in february? Get the latest coronavirus (COVID-19) updates for Switzerland with current travel advice, statistics and online resources.. Below are average maximum temperatures at popular destinations in Switzerland in February. Swiss Climate. Rain is unlikely in the higher mountains, snow is perfectly possible, but last time I was in Switzerland for a week mid February it was gloriously sunny. Do not forget to take with you warm clothes! A little cooler are the ski resort villages of Adelboden in the Bernese Oberland and Engelberg in Obwalden canton. The best time to visit Switzerland is during the shoulder seasons, between April and June, and September to October, when the weather is at best, and there aren’t too many tourists. February is one of the worst month for traveling to Switzerland. But this is pretty reasonably and you will not be too bothered by it. Plan to cover you well! But this is moderate and it is only of temporary showers. But this is moderate and you will not be too bothered by it. Weather today (Zermatt) Important Numbers. There is a margin of error and these forecasts are to be considered as general information only. Winter (December through February) Weather is far too cold this time of year in St Moritz to be enjoyable for warm weather travelers. Säntis, near Schwägalp, at 2502 metres (8209 feet) elevation is the highest point in the Appenzell Alps. The last month of the winter, February, is a chilly month, with average temperature varying between 6.4°C (43.5°F) and -0.5°C (31.1°F). The best time to visit Switzerland is summer, which means any time from June to August. Average temperatures for February at cities throughout Switzerland are listed below in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit. Jump to bottom. Below, check out the weather forecast for the month of february for most popular cities in Switzerland. ... From July to August the daytime temperature range is 18 to 28 °C (65° - 82° F) and from January to February the range is -2 to 7 °C (28° - 45° F). What's the Weather Like in Geneva in February. With 4.3in over 12 days, rain may occur throughout your journey. Home | Privacy & Cookies | Contact | About. The climate is quite more than very fresh around this city in this month. Cities see less tourists in Switzerland in winter. Even higher is the weather station at 3580 metres (11,745 feet), above Jungfraujoch pass of the Bernese Alps, a spot known as the "Top of Europe". With 3.4in over 11 days, you will experience some showers throughout your journey. It's cold, the sun is not there all the time and you take the risk of getting wet by rain very often wherever you go. The weather in Switzerland varies greatly because it has four different climates types. The weather gets a tad warmer around mid April to early May and the narcissi fields bloom and a wide range of flowers appear on meadows. These forecasts are statistics for the month of february from weather reports for over 10 years. The average minimum temperature (usually the minimum temperature is noted during the night) in Basel in February is -0.5°C (31.1°F). It should be noted a worsening from the previous month since in january there is an average of 5.1in of rainfall over 15 days. I want to know if february end a good time to visit Switzerland? MeteoSwiss. Switzerland weather in February 2021. In the month of february, maximum temperature is 41Â°F and minimum temperature is 32Â°F (for an average temperature of 38Â°F). This keeps you out of the cold weather, which by February will almost inevitably be very snowy or rainy. For each destination, Easyvoyage's weather tool gives you temperature and rainfall indicators, along with wind force and direction and sunrise/sunset times.
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FRIENDS OF THE
Dr. Mary Snow teaches meteorology,
climatology, climate change, and geography in the Department of
Applied Aviation Sciences at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida.
She earned her Ph.D. in Physical Geography with a specialty in
Life Sciences from Indiana State University in 1999. Dr. Snow
has presented her research to numerous professional
organizations including the American Meteorological Society, the
National Weather Association, the National Council for
Geographic education, the Association of American Geographers,
and the University Aviation Association. She has presented at
international conferences in Greece, Germany, France, the
Netherlands, England, Cancun, the Bahamas, and Hawaii.
Her diverse research topics include microburst avoidance for
pilots, temperature range variability, global climate change,
applied climatic indices, renewable energy, and Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) applications in meteorology and
Her husband, Dr. Rich Snow, and she have produced numerous
refereed journal articles and proceedings papers and recently
co-authored a textbook entitled Climatology: An Atmospheric
Science published by Prentice-Hall.
The Snows first presented at the ICICTE on Samos in 2003 and
have been associated with the conference since that time as
presenters, moderators, and committee members. Dr. Snow is also
a licensed private pilot.
Pericles 'Asher' Rospigliosi


What you can do
You as a consumer, household or small business make daily choices that affect your carbon footprint. Making a positive impact to our planet starts with becoming aware about the decisions each of us makes.
What is a carbon footprint?
Making conscious decisions starts with knowing the impact of our choices. A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases generated by our actions. We often express a carbon footprint in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide to also account for other greenhouse gases such as methane.
Prevent, reduce, remove
By making different choices you can reduce your carbon footprint. Cycling to work or unplugging your electronic devices directly lowers your carbon footprint. Find simple tips & tricks here to make a change today.


Donald Trump now says of climate change: ‘I don’t think it’s a hoax, I think there’s probably a difference. But I don’t know that it’s man-made.’ The climate activist Eric Holthaus said: ‘The world’s top scientists just gave rigorous backing to systematically dismantle capitalism.’ Both are wrong. The truth is that climate change is happening, but more slowly than expected. It’s now 30 years since James Hansen of Nasa raised the alarm and, as climate scientist Pat Michaels and hurricane expert Ryan Maue have pointed out, ‘it’s time to acknowledge that the rapid warming he predicted isn’t happening’. Our own government’s climate-change committee, and the hysterical BBC, should take note.
This is an extract from Matt Ridley's Diary, which appears in this week's Spectator


Animation ID : AEA_3010
Charged particles from the Sun are attracted to the Earth's magnetic poles, funnelled along the field lines of the magnetosphere. As they enter the Earth's atmosphere, these high-speed particles cause energy transitions within the atoms of the atmosphere, producing the spectacular light shows of the Aurora Borealis and Australis - the Northern and Southern Lights. Aurora may be seen on any dark clear night in the polar regions. These colourful atmospheric displays are particularly active near the Earth's geomagnetic poles and at times following high levels of sunspot activity. Particularly intense displays can be accompanied by disturbance to electrical equipment such as radio receivers, computer circuitry and power supplies.
Data source: Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Optical Linescan Sensor (OLS) from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).
Credit : Planetary Visions Ltd.


Essay on acid rain and its ecological effects
Acid rains can happen due to the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which it reach to.Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, i.It constitutes air pollutants including two major components i.Acid rain is precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric …show more content….Key words: Acid rain, Causes, Effects, Control, pollutants, Sulphur dioxide.As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes Acid Rain on our Environment.Acid rain disturbs the entire ecological balance because it harms surface water of lakes and streams.Haradhan Kumar Mohajan has discussed SO2 emissions in China.Acid rain makes waters acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams Acid rain damages the protective layer of the essay on acid rain and its ecological effects leaves and interferes with the evaporation process.He also enlightens aspects of SO2 and its reduction policies in China (Mohajan, 2014).Along with harming human health, air pollution can cause a variety of environmental effects, one example being acid rain (“Air pollutants smog and acid rain 1”).Effects of Acid Rain After studying the Hubbard Brook Forest and other areas, researchers found several important effects of acid deposition on both natural and man-made environments.The widespread occurrence of acid rain was recognized only in 1980.There is now no doubt that most acids come from human activities from cars, homes, factories, and power stations etc.This also leads to decay of several species essay on acid rain and its ecological effects of flora and fauna. Though acidic rain was discovered.The formation of acid rain from different sources causes to effect general plants, aquatic life, and.Bul- letin of Environmental Contamination and essay on acid rain and its ecological effects Toxicoloy, 31, 467-473 Essays Related to acid rain & its effect on vegatation.Smith in 1872 from his studies of air in Manchester, England.An understanding of the acid rain phenomenon is critical to finding the proper solution.Effects of acid rain on the quality of soil – Acid rain not only affects the water and vegetation of the environment but also degrades the quality of the soil.Acid rain or acid deposition is the major pollutants of our environment form by the precipitation of acidic components like sulfur trioxide or nitric oxide that comes down in the atmosphere as sulfuric or nitric acid rain, snow, fog, hail, or even dust.Acid rain is one of the major environmental threats since 19th century.Acid Rain is highly toxic to all living organisms in the world, and a major cause of land and soil pollution.Acid rain is a cause of concern because of its effect on forest life and lakes.The acid rain introduces aluminum and other acidic compounds in water making the pH of water less than 6.
Its rain on and effects essay acid ecological
Introduction The term "acid rain" was coined in 1872 by Robert Angus Smith.Now we are already aware that acid rain is a result of heavy air pollution.There are many factors which contribute to the acidity, some occurring naturally and others which are produced by industrial activity Acid rain has drastic effects on our environment.In 1852, Smith published a detailed report on the chemistry of rain in and around the city of.The term ‘acid rain’ refers to atmospheric deposition of acidic constituents that impact the earth as rain, snow, particulates, gases, and vapor.In the end, we will conserve only what we love.Occurrence of Acid Rain: Acidification of environment is a man-made phenomenon.An essay or paper on Acid Rain Chemistry and Its Effects.Environmental Effects Of Acid Rain And Its Effects On The Environment 1056 Words | 5 Pages.Many groups and agencies researching acid rain around the world noted its ecological effects mainly on surface water and soil.In fact, many features of the acid rain phenomenon were first discovered by an English chemist, Robert essay on acid rain and its ecological effects Angus Smith, in the middle of the nineteenth century!Acid rain could effects negatively on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure.Acid rain causes due to mainly due to mainly burning of fossils fuels by coal burn.It causes damage to trees and forest soil, leading to deforestation.This paper reviews the 2012 progress report of US EPA (2013) and summarizes the issue in various environmental aspects Environmental Effects of Acid Rain.“Science identified the problem.Effects of Acid Rain After studying the Hubbard Brook Forest and other areas, researchers found several important effects of acid deposition on both natural and man-made environments.To a larger extent, acid rain is a big threat to our natural environment Acid Rain can be classified as: essay on acid rain and its ecological effects Dry Acid Rain or Wet Acid Rain.E, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide Effects of Acid Rain on Fish and Wildlife.As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes Punzo, F.Submit your instructions to our writer for free using the form below and receive bids from qualified writers within minutes And slowly it is taking its toll, causing diseases, sicknesses, even cancer.The main acid rain problems are: i.I used to wonder how a company can service Essay On Acid Rain And Its Effects an essay help so well that it earns such rave reviews from Essay On Acid Rain And Its Effects every other student.The effects of acid rain greatly affect the environment.Acid rain is a term which is used to describe a variety of processes which might more accurately be referred to as acidic deposition.Acid rain flows into streams and lakes through the soil When there is acid rain, the nitrogen oxide can be carried far away from the original location of the rain.But the, I got essay help online from them and realised why that is the.Occurrence of Acid Rain: Acidification of environment is a man-made phenomenon.The effects of acid rain: In the atmosphere acid rain can be carried very big and far distances between countries and from continent to another.Natural rainfall is slightly acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide, picked up in the atmosphere ACID RAIN Acid Rain Acid rain is defined by Kumar as a term used to de "Any precipitation which has a value less than 5.
1 In most cases, Kumar notes that acid rain falls under a PH of between 5.Acid rain problem has been tackled to some extent in the developed world by reducing the emission of the gases causing acid rain.To understand acid rain and its effects on trees, my paper covers the process in its entirety.Science provided the guidelines for how to try to.Below is a video demonstration that replicates the effect of acid rain on plant life "Acid Rain," or more precisely acid precipitation, is the word used to describe rainfall that has a pH level of less than 5.As acid rain has these causes, it also has effects.Effects of Acid Rain: Acid rain has serious implications for continuation of life on this planet.An essay or paper on Understanding of Acid Rain and Its Effects.Effects of environmental pH and temper- ature on embryonic survival capacity and metabolic rates in the smailmouth salamander, Ambystoma texanum.It can take the form of snow, mists and dry dusts Acid rain affected many parts of the United States, but the Northeast suffered the most ecological damage.
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Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)
The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) is an organisation based in the United Kingdom which works with shareholders and corporations to disclose the greenhouse gas emissions of major corporations.
In 2008, it published the emissions data for 1550 of the world's largest corporations, accounting for 26% of global anthropogenic emissions.
The CDP represents 534 institutional investors, with a combined $64 trillion under management.

Carbon Reduction Commitment

The Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC), renamed the CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme in April 2010 is a mandatory cap and trade scheme in the United Kingdom that will apply to large non energy-intensive organisations in the public and private sectors. It is anticipated that the scheme will cut carbon emissions by 1.2 million tonnes of carbon per year by 2020. The British Government first committed to cutting UK carbon emissions by 60% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels, then in October 2008 changed the commitment to 80% by 2050.

The Carbon Reduction Commitment was announced in the 2007 Energy White Paper, published on May 23, 2007. A consultation in 2006 showed strong support for it to be mandatory, rather than voluntary. The Commitment has been introduced under enabling powers in Part 3 of the Climate Change Act 2008. A consultation into the scheme's implementation was launched in June 2007. The Scheme is contained in the CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme Order 2010.

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state. CO2 is a trace gas comprising 0.039% of the atmosphere.
Otherwise known as Greenhouse Gas.
A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan also contain gases that cause greenhouse effects. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earth's surface would be on average about 33 °C (59 °F)[note 1] colder than at present.
Since the beginning of the Industrial revolution, the burning of fossil fuels has contributed to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 280ppm to 390ppm. Unlike other pollutants, carbon dioxide emissions do not result from inefficient combustion: CO2 is a product of ideal, stoichiometric combustion of carbon. The emissions of carbon are directly proportional to energy consumption.


Autumn storms to winter frosts. Wet and windy to warm and sunny. Bude beautiful!!
On Thursday, after a few days of high winds, high tides and huge waves crashing down on to the beaches and cliffs along the North Cornish coast, today autumn made way for winter with a hard overnight frost followed by a beautiful sunny warm day (yes! that’s winter in Bude for you). One picture shows what appears as an inverted crown as the sun streams through the clouds late on Thursday afternoon, and the other taken 25 hours later shows Venus shining brightly in the evening sky with just a few clouds adding colour to this wonderful scene, taken from the terrace of The Pot and Barrel B&B in Bude


The station’s bright easy to read LCD display features dynamic forecast icons that allow users to view their weather data in color. Whether it be its sleek case design, or its precise temperature and humidity readings, this item is not only functional, but it is sure to be a conversation starter. When choosing to use the connectable feature, your station will start to receive weather data from the NWS (National Weather Service) that provides detailed forecast information including the low and high temperatures of the day, chance of precipitation values as well as 8 additional forecast icons to keep you up to date on your weather to come. It also connects to the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) which automatically sets your time and date.
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Science (primary) - Primary/KS1 (age 6-7 yrs)
Q: Describe the water cycle.
The water cycle describes how water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation. The water falling on land collects in rivers and lakes, soil, and porous layers of rock, and much of it flows back into the oceans, where it will once more evaporate. The cycling of water in and out of the atmosphere is a significant aspect of the weather patterns on Earth.
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In the spirit of help_japan and a whole lot of other fandom auctions, helpthesouth is here to raise money to help those devastated by the recent tornadoes in the southern United States. This is now the worst US natural disaster since Hurricane Katrina.
We created this comm for those affected by the massive wave of tornadoes that blew through the southeast of the United States on April 27, 2011. These tornadoes passed through a MASSIVE area including Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and others. There were 137 tornadoes reported that day and at least 300 have been reported dead.
Here is cleolinda's round-up of posts and news about the tornadoes and the damage they've caused.


Reports from the National Data Buoy Center’s Stations During the Passage of Hurricane Flossie in the Eastern and Central Pacific
08 – 16 August 2007
Although Flossie did not set any extreme records at any of NDBC’s stations, it was unique in that it is the first time that a single tropical cyclone passed within 300 nautical miles (NM1) of NDBC’s three types of moored buoy ocean observing systems – weather buoys (51004, 51002, and 51003), deep-ocean tsunameter (51407), and the Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean Array (TAO station 51006) (Figure 1). Initially a powerful tropical cyclone, it remained small and then weakened rapidly as it moved south of Hawai’i2 .
By passing nearly over the top of station 51002, Flossie set extreme records for sea-level pressure, wind speed, and gusts (Figure 2) for August at station 51002 (Period of Record: September 1984 – August 2007). 51002’s minimum sea-level pressure of 1004.6 hPa was the lowest pressure for any month since January 1996. The 5.4 m wave height at 51004 was just shy of the August record of 5.5 m for that station (Figure 6).
1 The significance of 300 NM is that the tropical cyclone advisories request 3-hourly observations from
ships within 300 NM of a tropical cyclone center. Track information is based on the positions given in the
Figure 1: Flossie's Preliminary Track and NDBC Stations
Figure 2: Wind and Pressure at 51002
Figure 3: Wave Heights and Dominant Period at 51002
51002 also takes near-surface current measurements. During the passage of Flossie, 51002 reported the highest eastward speeds of the year (Figure 4) of more than 40 cm/sec.
Figure 4: Eastward Near-Surface Currents (SCMUV1), positive values are towards the east.
Link to Station Page: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=51002
Figure 5: Winds and Pressure at 51004
Figure 6: Wave Heights and Dominant Periods at 51004
Link to Station Page: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=51004
Figure 7: Winds and Pressure at 51003
Figure 8: Wave Height and Dominant Period at 51003
Link to Station Page: http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=51003
The first NDBC station within 300 NM of Flossie was the TAO Station 51006 at 9°N 140°W. The closest point of Flossie’s approach to 51006 was approximately 219 NM to the north at 1100Z on 11 August 2007. NDBC receives hourly wind speed data from TAO Stations (Figure 9). The wind speeds are two-minute averages.
Figure 9: Wind Speed at TAO Station 51006
Lastly, Flossie passed 128 NM to the south the NDBC deep-ocean tsunameter at Station 51407, which is 140 NM southeast of Honolulu, at approximately 0900Z on 15 August 2007, although the water-column heights are unremarkable (Figure 10) given the small size of Flossie. The tsunameter measures pressure on the sea floor then converts the pressure to the height of the water column.
Figure 10: Estimated Water-Levels (MLLW) from Tsunameter 51407
Explanation of Terms
Acknowledgement: Dawn C. Petraitis provided hourly TAO data.


As our global-warming discussions here at TheCarConnectionBlog get seriously heated up, it’s worth clocking the opinion of a scientist given voice in this week’s issue of Newsweek, who says global-warming hysterics are in the wrong.
Richard S. Lindzen, who is billed as a government-funded (not energy-industry-funded) scholar and the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, gives much food for thought on the topic of global warming. Lindzen mocks the end of the debate over global warming and sets right into the hysteria with both hands: global warming is likely happening and greenhouse emissions are likely, in part, helping it along.
But Lindzen dismisses any notion that we’re headed for a catastrophe requiring Jake Gyllenhaal or Jerry Bruckheimer to elucidate. “The earth is always warming or cooling by as much as a few tenths of a degree a year; periods of constant average temperatures are rare,” Lindzen says. “The current alarm rests on the false assumption not only that we live in a perfect world, temperaturewise, but also that our warming forecasts for the year 2040 are somehow more reliable than the weatherman's forecast for next week.”
His most important point—after dissembling models that show seas rising—is that temperatures should have risen much more dramatically if global warming from CO2 was really the only mechanism at work. “Average temperatures rose only about 0.6 degrees since the beginning of the industrial era, and the change hasn't been uniform—warming has largely occurred during the periods from 1919 to 1940 and from 1976 to 1998, with cooling in between. Researchers have been unable to explain this discrepancy,” he points out.
It’s compelling reading, particularly for the hysterics.


How Is Hail Formed
How many times have you watched a hail shower or hail storm and wondered how the hail is actually formed? Well, here is a straight forward answer to this commonly asked question.
Hail or hail stones are irregular shaped balls or lumps of ice that fall from storm clouds when the right conditions exist. They are generally formed at the leading edge of a storm system in cumulonimbi clouds (thunder clouds).
Strong upward motion of air at this leading edge of a storm, combined with conditions which lower the freezing point, mean that water droplets freeze and instead of falling to the ground are cycled back upward. (The water droplets are originally formed, as with rain, when water condenses around dirt or dust particles in the air.)
During this upward journey they colide with and pick up more water droplets which themselves freeze around the original ball of ice, then fall again, are lifted again, attach to more droplets, and so on and so forth with each cycle. In larger, more powerful storms/updrafts, multiple hail stones can themselves become joined, forming even larger stones.
When the weight of the hail stones becomes too heavy for the updrafts of air keeping them aloft, they fall to the ground as hail. Lighter hail stones will not normally cause damage unless they are in extremely large quantities, thus perhaps causing local flooding by blocking drainage, or perhaps causing road accidents due to poor visibility.
In general, the more powerful the storm front updrafts (as in the case of a tornado producing storm for instance), the larger the size of the hail stones, as the power of the updrafts is able to cycle heavier and heavier stones before their weight becomes too much to hold them aloft any longer. These types of hail stones can cause massive damage to buildings, cars and even people caught out in the open in a storm. You can imagine what one large ball of ice travelling toward the ground at many miles per hour can do; now multiply that by the thousands or millions that may fall during one severe storm and the damage can become truly devastating.
According to the National Geographic News, the largest recorded hail stone in US history fell in Nebraska in June 2003. This hail stone measured some 17.8 cm wide. That’s roughly the size of a soccer ball.


TROPICAL STORM MARIA – A First Look
The latest named storm in the 2011 hurricane season is TROPICAL STORM MARIA.
Still waaaaaay out to sea in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and over 1,300 miles east of the Lesser Antilles, TROPICAL STORM MARIA has maximum sustained winds of 45 knots (50 mph) and a minimum central pressure of 1003 mb. The tropical cyclone is racing almost due west at around 23 mph.
The official forecast by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida, is calling for TROPICAL STORM MARIA to continue tracking to the west and make a slight turn to the northwest by this weekend, skirting the northern islands in the Lesser Antilles and passing north of Puerto Rico.
The computer models are in general consensus through Friday. After that there’s a bit of discrepancy as to just how far TROPICAL STORM MARIA will curve to the north and possibly northeast. Some models keep the tropical cyclone on a track curving up the Bahamas while other models put the storm more on a track with Bermuda.
According to the discussion at the NHC, TROPICAL STORM MARIA is currently dealing with wind shear and the models are suggesting that the tropical cyclone won’t experience much strengthening until sometime this weekend, keeping it a tropical storm for the next few days. It’s still too early to predict just how much the storm will turn once it approaches the northeastern Caribbean Sea and curves around the western edge of a subtropical ridge in the Atlantic Ocean.
In a few days we should have a better idea if TROPICAL STORM MARIA will have an impact on the U.S. coastline or not. Odds are that it’ll miss the U.S., but it’s too early to make such a call.
In the meantime, it looks like something new is developing in the very warm waters of the southern Gulf of Mexico.