My submission to the Political Posturing column in the May 2109 issue of InBusiness Magazine. I added some graphs to this blog post that weren’t in the publication.
No, a carbon tax would be ridiculously ineffective.
Activists tell us that a carbon tax will reduce carbon emissions and thus reduce carbon in the atmosphere and slow or reverse global warming. This is a gross exaggeration.
Quantifying the reduction of carbon emissions from a carbon tax cannot be predicted. Any overall reduction would likely be negligible because the tax does not prohibit the activity — it just makes the activity more expensive. Business will absorb the increased cost, find other ways of reducing cost, or pass on the cost to the consumer. In the end, a carbon tax will punish consumers and put more money in the hands of the government, which won’t spend it to solve an unsolvable and naturally recurring trend.
The EPA tells us in its Carbon Monoxide Trends report that since 1980, there has been an 84 percent decrease (8.8 ppm down to 1.4 ppm) in the national average.
But wait — we’re being told that we need a carbon tax to reduce overall carbon emissions in order to slow or reverse climate change. Yet we’ve reduced carbon emissions over the past 37 years by 84 percent, and we’re still being told that the climate is getting worse, which requires drastic action like a new tax to fix it? How stupid do they think we are?
The carbon put into our atmosphere by fossil fuels is only a small portion of the carbon put in the atmosphere from other sources. Some estimates say that fossil fuels contribute less than 5 percent of the total carbon (see graphic representation below) in our atmosphere and the United States produces about 15 percent of the world’s CO (see pie graph below).
If the USA stopped using all fossil fuels overnight, it would only make a 0.75 percent difference in overall global carbon output. [EDIT November 20, 2020: After a discussion with commenter TA, I added word “output” to end of previous sentence to reflect actual intent] [EDIT January 21, 2020: These numbers have changed slightly. The USA is now considered to be contributing 16%. There is a new pie graph at the link provided above that shows this 16%. So the 0.75 percentage stated above now calculates to 0.8% which is 16% of 5%. ]
So, they want us to believe that an ineffective carbon tax is going to reduce the U.S. carbon output, enough to change the overall global concentration and thus fix climate change. I’m sorry but the numbers and the logic make no sense.
I repeat: How stupid do these people they think we are?
That’s the end of the InBusiness column.
Honestly, some of the carbon tax promoters know that the carbon tax won’t do a thing to reduce our carbon output but it would, as Brad Werntz parroted,
“…promote economic growth, reduce budget deficits, reduce redundant and inefficient regulation, reduce unnecessary subsidies, and reduce the costs associated with climate change”.
So someone who’s ideology seems to reside well left of center thinks the carbon tax would be an influx of tax dollars, a government tax windfall, to which Werntz says,
“Really, what’s not to like?”
In my column submission I wrote,
“…put more money in the hands of the government, which won’t spend it to solve an unsolvable and naturally recurring trend.”
How much more accurate about predicting the reaction of the political left and a new tax could I have been? What is it about taxes and being an ideologically entrenched Democrat like Werntz appears to be? They must think that no new tax is a bad tax even when you know up front that it will do NOTHING to curb the trend you are taxing. Can’t stop it, let’s tax it so the government has more of our money to spend elsewhere.
To close I’d like to briefly touch on climate change. I think climate change is happening and I honestly don’t think that it can be denied but we cannot control mother nature. The real debate is, or should be, why the so-called “settled science” promoters are using science that really isn’t settled at all to scare the hell out of people with apocalyptic predictions that they have already proven to be false. People are parroting predictions as if they are fact, one like Werntz shared in his column link above is,
“…so we should expect sea levels to rise between four and 11 feet in the next few decades.”
Didn’t Al Gore make those same kind of predictions some years ago and not a one of them ever came true? They really are making some ridiculous predictions based on extrapolations of unsettled science.
I came across a really good blog presentation written by Zoltar Speaks about the recurring climate trends and how those that are predicting climate change catastrophes are basically using “tunnel vision” and “bad science” to ignore historical climate trends. The blog post is a couple of years old and called Climate Change and be forewarned it’s long, opinionated, and informative. Here is a sample of the blog post, it’s what I’d call the conclusion.
“There is an agenda driving the climate change alarmists and that agenda is to clean up the environment, which happens to be a really good cause, but lying about the reasons why we need to do it to hype up hysteria in the public is morally bankrupt and just bull shit. If you want to clean up air pollution then dammit, do it, it will be good for everyone, but don’t spew bad science to try and convince the masses, it makes the whole science argument in favor of cleaning up the environment look like a complete sham.”
Featured Photo Credit: Cropped version of a Bangkok Thailand smog photo I found online, I believe the photo might be from the Bangkok Post but wasn’t identified.
5 thoughts on “Should Congress enact, and the President sign, a carbon tax?”
I came across your InBusiness article recently and have two comments:
1- Carbon monoxide is a very minor greenhouse gas. While it does have a dipole moment, unlike other diatomic molecules like O2 or N2, CO radiates mostly in the spectrum that is on the fringes of the earth’s outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). More specifically, the earth radiates predominantly in the 4 – 40 micron range and CO radiates at 4.67 and has another line at 2.35 micron. On the other hand, carbon dioxide has a strong absorption line at 15 microns which is closer to the peak in the earth’s outgoing infrared. Carbon dioxide is very stable in the atmosphere and can last from hundred of years to hundreds of thousands of years (there are multiple time scales for its decay). That is why it is considered the primary greenhouse gas (water vapor is the dominant absorber of infrared emission from the earth’s surface, but it is a feedback on the climate, not a forcing). At the same EPS site where you got your CO trend graph, you can also look at their graph of primary greenhouse gas emissions in the US https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions
The peak in CO2 emission for the US was roughly in 2005 and has been coming down slowly since then. The primary reason is the switch from coal to gas, increase in renewable energy and economic recession.
2- Unfortunately, you misinterpreted the figure showing the net carbon fluxes into and out of the atmosphere. The left-hand figure shows natural fluxes of 120 GTC/y going into and out of the land surface, while the figure on the right shows natural fluxes of 90 GTC/y going into and out of the ocean. The fundamental take-away from the figure is that the natural fluxes, at this point in time, are roughly in balance. What is disturbing that balance is the anthropogenic sources of carbon which are in red. Roughly 9 GtC/y are emitted from fossil fuels, cement manufacturing and land-use changes. Of that total, 2 GtC/y go into the ocean and 3 GtC/y are absorbed by the land. That leaves 4 GtC/y that remains in the atmosphere for periods of hundred to hundreds of thousands of years.
What you did was take that 9 GtC/y and divided it by 90 + 120 = 210 to get your “less than 5 %”. This ignores the 210 GtC/y that is being naturally recycled back out of the atmosphere. It’s as if two parents set up a bank account for their child. Every month the mother puts in $100 and every month the father takes out $100. In the meantime, the grandfather is putting just $1 into the account every month. You can say that the grandfather is only putting in 1% of the total going into the account, but in fact the grandfather is the sole reason why the money in that account keeps increasing.
TA wrote, “you misinterpreted the figure showing the net carbon fluxes into and out of the atmosphere.”, “What you did was take that 9 GtC/y and divided it by 90 + 120 = 210 to get your “less than 5 %”.
I did no such thing and your math is incorrect. What I wrote is mathematically accurate based on the graphic representation I presented. Here’s the math based on that chart…
60 = Plant Respiration
60 = Microbial Respiration and Decomposition
90 = Respiration and Decomposition From the Oceans
9 = Fossil Fuels, Cement, and Land Use Change
219 = Total
To obtain what percent of the overall that is being contributed by man you must take that portion that is contributed by man 9 GtC/y and divide it by the total contributed 219 GtC/y then multiply that by 100 to obtain a percentage contribution by man.
9 / 219 X 100 = 4.10958% which is less than 5% and that is what I presented. I could have written that the percentage was just over 4% and that too would have been accurate. In fact I intentionally chose to write less than 5 percent because that numerical value was higher and using it wouldn’t appear that I was trying to diminish mans carbon contribution to the problem.
My math was correct and my conclusion based on that math was correct.
TA wrote, “This ignores the 210 GtC/y that is being naturally recycled back out of the atmosphere.”
You are either not understanding my argument or you are intentionally misrepresenting my argument. Regardless of your intent; I wasn’t talking about net change in my blog, I was talking about percent contribution to the overall and that was very obvious in my post (see excerpt below) because I literally stated that.
My calculations were accurate based on the information I presented. Your misrepresentation of what I wrote is false.
TA wrote, “That leaves 4 GtC/y that remains in the atmosphere for periods of hundred to hundreds of thousands of years.”
That’s an interesting argument that doesn’t seem to be supported by actual facts. The CO and CO2 atmospheric trends have all been going down over the last 40+ years. If the part that remains, as in the net that you are talking about, “remains in the atmosphere for periods of hundred to hundreds of thousands of years” is true then we should not be see any downward trend of CO2 in our atmosphere for periods of hundred to hundreds of thousands of years but yet we are seeing these downward trends and it’s happen over 40 years. Our efforts to reduce our carbon emissions has had a net effect on the overall concentration and your argument that it “remains in the atmosphere for periods of hundred to hundreds of thousands of years” is simply not supported by the facts. What your argument is completely ignoring is that Mother Nature recovers in ways that mere humans can’t seem to accurately predict.
Now back to this point that I raised earlier; you are either not understanding my argument for whatever reason or you are intentionally misrepresenting my argument. I really do appreciate you taking the time to comment on my blog that’s why I allowed your misrepresentation to be posted but I don’t appreciate being misrepresented and I don’t take kindly to it; so, since this is your first comment on my blog I am going to give you a break and apply Hanlon’s razor to your misrepresentation but please try to do better in the future.
Thanks for reading and participating.
Thanks for responding.
First, you didn’t respond to my argument about carbon monoxide. CO is a very minor greenhouse gas, so it is misleading to cite its decrease in the atmosphere and claim that the amount of carbon in the atmosphere is decreasing. You will note that the Environmental Protection Agency — that you cited as your source for CO — did not even include it as a greenhouse gas. It’s not carbon per se that affects the climate, it’s carbon that is bound to other molecules — like CO2 or CH4 — that vibrate, because they a dipole moment, and have a strong absorption line in the range of the earth’s outgoing infrared emission. H20, as you may know, has a very strong dipole moment which is why it is a strong absorber of infrared (but, as I pointed out, is a feedback, not a forcing). This is pretty basic science as to what the greenhouse effect is. As you may know, without greenhouse gases the planet would be one vast frozen rock with little to no life on it. The great mathematician Joseph Fourier knew this over 200 years ago. You can derive this result yourself from a basic application of the Stefan-Boltzmann equation (I’m even willing to show you how, if you’d like to know).
Second, your conclusion wasn’t correct about the fluxes of CO2 in the atmosphere. Yes, “the carbon put into our atmosphere by fossil fuels is only a small portion of the carbon put in the atmosphere from other sources” is true. It’s also irrelevant. You can’t make this argument and ignore the natural fluxes that are also removing carbon from the atmosphere. The figure that you posted actually makes the exact opposite of the argument you presented. It shows that the reason for the increase of carbon — and we are talking specifically about CO2 and CH4 here — is solely due to anthropogenic sources.
Third, you wrote “The CO and CO2 atmospheric trends have all been going down over the last 40+ years.” Whether CO is increasing, decreasing or staying the same is irrelevant with regard to the greenhouse effect, as I’ve already explained and you ignored. However, it is untrue that CO2 is decreasing in the atmosphere. If you looked at the EPA graph, that shows you what the EMISSION into the atmosphere from the US is doing over the past few decades. It says nothing about what other countries are doing. AND most important, it says nothing about the actual concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which is continually going up. You can find this information just about anywhere: NASA has a graph of CO2 in the atmosphere since 2005 from direct measurements and a much more detailed graph over the past 800,000 years from ice core measurements. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/ If you have data that shows the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is going down, then point to here.
Finally, my statement that CO2 lasts from hundred to hundreds of thousands of years in the atmosphere comes from the peer reviewed literature. David Archer at the University of Chicago is one of the foremost experts on the carbon cycle in the world. You can read his classic paper here: http://climatemodels.uchicago.edu/geocarb/archer.2009.ann_rev_tail.pdf
TA wrote, “CO is a very minor greenhouse gas, so it is misleading to cite its decrease in the atmosphere and claim that the amount of carbon in the atmosphere is decreasing.”
On that point I agree. After I read that I had to go back and reread what the heck I wrote this morning. It appears that I conflated CO and CO2 in what I wrote in my comment above regarding the decrease of CO and CO2. It’s clear that CO2 has been on a steady rise while while CO has been decreasing, don’t ask me why I conflated the two, I know better, it must have been a brain fart or trying to think to deeply before my morning coffee kicked in. Thanks for bringing that to my attention.
In addition; after I realized what I did this morning I went back to my original blog post to see if I could figure out why you went down this line of discussion and found that the sentence in my original blog post “If the USA stopped using all fossil fuels overnight, it would only make a 0.75 percent difference in overall global carbon.” Should actually read “If the USA stopped using all fossil fuels overnight, it would only make a 0.75 percent difference in overall global carbon output.” It’s clear that I forgot to put the word “output” in that particular sentence since that’s really the intent of the sentence and the whole blog post. This was fixed in the blog post to reflect intent and the edit was noted.
I’m done kicking myself now. Moving on.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is literally part of what makes up the carbon in the atmosphere and that is exactly why Climate Change activists are saying that we need to reduce the CO output in order to reduce the overall carbon in the atmosphere and therefore reduce the possibility of more global warming. It’s all about fossil fuels to the global warming activists! The entire purpose of the original article and this blog post was to show how ridiculous a carbon tax would be to helping reduce the carbon footprint of the world based on the carbon output of the United States.
In some ways we are saying the same thing in different ways but I’m not going to entertain the rest of your argument about how much carbon the global environment can absorb because that is literally not what my blog post is about.
Great! See we’re getting somewhere. I appreciate that you are willing to look at the evidence and correct what you wrote. I’m not interested necessarily in arguing politics or the relative benefits or costs of a carbon tax. Reasonable people can disagree. However, I am interested in making sure that the science is conveyed correctly.
So, here’s what I object to especially in what you wrote, “I think climate change is happening and I honestly don’t think that it can be denied but we cannot control mother nature.” If this sentence is meant to say that climate change, and here specifically I mean the increase in the global mean temperature and the hydrological implications that has, is not due to anthropogenic forces, then that sentence is incorrect. The very graph that you posted shows that the increase in atmospheric carbon — again, either CO2 or CH4 — is due to anthropogenic causes. Now you may doubt that CO2 from fossil fuels is the cause of the temperature increase. However, I am perfectly willing to have a scientific discussion as to why that is precisely the case. I would add one more thing — since I saw it in that Zoltar speaks article you referenced. It is precisely NOT because of some wrong-headed notion that correlation equals causation. The physics is fairly straightforward radiation transfer, known in parts for over 100 years. Observational data of outgoing infrared confirms that it is CO2 and other greenhouse gases that is causing the warming. Much of that data came in part from the US Air Force during the 1950s.
And if you think that it is hubris on the part of people to think they can influence the climate, what would you say about the lowly cyanobacteria which caused the Great Oxygen Catastrophe over 2 billion years ago and was responsible for a large extinction event?
I would add two points however, because it appears that you’re not interested in continuing this discussion (which is perfectly fine since this is your blog and I’m only a visitor here — I appreciate you taking the time to hear me out).
You wrote, “Climate Change activists are saying that we need to reduce the CO output in order to reduce the overall carbon in the atmosphere and therefore reduce the possibility of more global warming.” There is a lot of specious reasoning by those who discuss climate change, but frankly I know of no one who points to CO as a greenhouse gas. If you have a reference to someone who says this, then point to it here. I’d be glad to correct them.
The last point is that you changed your post to now read, “If the USA stopped using all fossil fuels overnight, it would only make a 0.75 percent difference in overall global carbon output.” It’s a correct statement, but also irrelevant and serves only to hide what the actual science says. Again, the natural fluxes — in going and outgoing from the atmosphere — are in relative balance. As we saw from the NASA graph which showed that CO2 is increasing, and from the graph that YOU posted, we can understand — and hopefully agree — that the carbon that is retained in the atmosphere is purely from anthropogenic sources. Therefore the correct way to make that statement is to say, “If the USA stopped using all fossil fuels overnight, then the increase in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere would be reduced by 15%.”


There’s a chance that more wet and wild weather is on the horizon, thanks in part to cloud-seeding efforts taking place across the country from Al Ain to Dubai to RAK.
Cloud seeding in UAE to trigger more rainfall
What is cloud-seeding? Cloud seeding is a form of weather modification that’s currently being tested by the National Centre of Meteorology in UAE. Seeding planes disperse salt flares into clouds – often during unstable weather – to help trigger more rainfall.
As one of the world’s driest places, the UAE has been investing heavily in cloud-seeding to varying degrees of success. Authorities have confirmed that cloud-seeding missions will continue throughout January, with the possibility of more heavy winds and showers.
The Mercury will be dropping this week with scattered showers expected to continue until Wednesday evening. We suggest keeping an umbrella handy and bundling up!
Image credit via IG | @level43dubai


Weather lore is the informal folklore related to the condition and forecasting of the weather. For thousands of years our Ancestors relied on the following wisdom. Even today our attention to the weather patterns can swiftly become an invaluable asset creating a circuit between us and the law of nature. The following tips are easy to learn and is a necessary tool for anyone spending extensive time outdoors.
Clouds are the most reliable active message of weather forecasting. There are ten main types of cloud formation and a basic rule is `the higher the clouds the finer the weather will be.
They look like rippled sand, an omen of fair weather, sometimes they appear after a storm and dissipate to leave a clear blue sky.
altitude: 5 - 8 km, (3 - 5 miles)
Fair weather clouds, on a larger scale than cirrocumulus,
a bit thicker and not so white with slight shadows in them, they often appear after a storm and drift around
altitude: 1.5 - 6 km (1 - 4 miles).
Low forming thunder clouds, often growing and transforming in size fast.
Quite often these towering clouds can look rather Dark and Menacing with the top flattening into an anvil shape. These clouds are the bringers of thunder and lightning, hail and strong wind. False cirrus often appears above them and false nimbostratus below. Altitude:
Can form at 1.5km and rise to a staggering height of 10 km (1-8m)
Easily recognisable fluffy white clouds with flat bottoms, usually indicate fair weather when widely separated, but if they appear quite large they are capable of producing sudden heavy showers. When seen at see in an otherwise cloudless sky, they often indicate land beneath.
altitude: 2.5km or less. (2 miles or less)
High wispy clouds formed from ice crystals which gives them the white appearance, an indicator of fine weather.
altitude: 5 - 9 km (3 - 5.5 miles)
Made up of I've particles and look a bit like white veins. These clouds can also produce a halo around the sun or moon.
altitude: above 6km (4.5 miles)
These clouds form a greyish veil over the sun or moon. if wet weather is approaching the cloud will darken and thicken obscuring the sun or moon until it begins to rain.
altitude: 2.5 - 6 km
(1.6 - 3.7 miles)
These clouds form low dark blankets, they signal rain or snow within 4 - 5 hours, rain or snow usually lasts several hours.
altitude: 1.5 - 5 km (1 - 3 miles)
These clouds form a low lumpy rolling mass, usually covering the whole sky, though often thin enough for the sun to filter through, light showers may precipitate from them, but these clouds usually dissipate in the afternoon, leaving a clear night sky. Altitude: 2.5 km or less (1.6 mile or less)
These are the lowest of all clouds and form a uniform layer like high fog, they are often described as hill fog, They arnt such a normal rain cloud but they can produce drizzle, when they form quickly overnight and cover the morning its often an indicator of a fine day preceding.
Altitude: Less than 2.5km (1.6 miles)
Animals and birds can also give us some clues on the weather, although probably not as reliable as the clouds, they still offer us good indication to what the weather will be;
Theres a whole list of other weather lore sayings and proverbs which may not be guarantee accuracy but they certainly can be useful.
Do it yourself weather forecasting opens up a whole new natural perspective to life outdoors.


C02-emissions -which way will they tip?
In this TCO Rio Ranking Report, TCO presents climate negotiation-related data for over 100 countries for 1990-2009. The open database which forms the basis for this report (www.tco.se/riorank), provides opportunities for everyone to analyze why energy-related carbon dioxide emissions have risen and fallen for each country and year included in the database.
It is also possible to create different kinds of rankings for selected countries and periods. In the database and in the report we have succeeded in mathematically separating six factors which explain why energy-related carbon dioxide emissions increase or decrease over time.
These six factors are: Changes in population, average income, economic structure, energy efficiency, non-renewable energy’s share of the national energy mix and carbon intensity of the non-renewable energy share


PHILADELPHIA – The weekend will be mild and muggy, according to FOX 29’s Scott Williams.
A Fog Advisory is also in effect for parts of the Delaware Valley until Saturday afternoon.
There is a 60% chance of rain and scattered showers are possible all weekend and Monday.
Saturday’s temperatures are set to rise to the 70s along with the scattered showers.
The humidity will have things feeling muggy all weekend.
Looking ahead, temperatures will hit the mid 80s Sunday and things will remain warm and less humid next week.
SATURDAY: Scattered showers. High: 75, Low: 64
SUNDAY: Isolated storm. High: 82, Low: 64
MONDAY: Evening storms. High: 85, Low: 65
TUESDAY: Less humid. High: 74, Low: 59
WEDNESDAY: Sunny and nice. High: 73, Low: 53
THURSDAY: Sun and clouds. High: 74, Low: 57
FRIDAY: Sunny and warm. High: 86, Low: 60
#Scattered #showers #humidity #hit #Delaware #Valley #weekend


Along the east coast of the United States, the months of June through
November are known as hurricane season. Each year during that time, an
average of 10 strong tropical storms and hurricanes barrel across the
Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. As the storms make their way
toward land, authorities urge residents in their path to leave the area.
At the same time, one group of brave researchers makes a bold move to help keep people safe. They board a plane and fly straight into the heart of the hurricane. “We don’t do it as a thrill ride,” says meteorologist Richard Henning. He’s part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s hurricane hunter team. This group of skilled pilots and scientists fly a plane equipped with high-tech devices. The data they collect can reveal how the storm will likely change—and where it will hit next.
Hurricane season lasts from June to November along the east coast of the United States. About 10 strong storms form each year during that time. The storms barrel across the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. They sometimes head toward land. Officials warn people in the storms’ path to leave the area.
But one group of brave researchers does the opposite. They hop on a plane. Then they fly into the heart of the storm. They risk their lives to keep people safe. “We don’t do it as a thrill ride,” says Richard Henning. He’s a meteorologist.
Henning works for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. He’s part of the hurricane hunter team. It’s a group of skilled pilots and scientists. They fly on a plane with many high-tech devices. They collect data. The data can show how a storm will likely change. And it can show where a storm could hit next.


Hurricane Newton has felled trees and damaged power lines in western Mexico after making landfall near the popular resort of Cabo San Lucas on Tuesday. But it has caused only “minor damage in infrastructure,” President Enrique Pena Nieto tweeted.
There were no injuries despite the heavy rains and strong winds, he added. The hurricane had registered maximum sustained winds of 150km/h (90mph) as it approached the state of Baja California Sur.
“It would appear that we won’t have major damage except for what we have already reported,” National Civil Protection Co-ordinator Luis Felipe Puente told Milenio television.(BBC,2016)


Climate Science, Age, and the Importance of Personal Experience
POSTED ON: January 9, 2012
Dr. James E. Hansen, one of the world’s foremost climate scientists, has released a new study alongside Makiko Sato and Reto Ruedy, titled “Perceptions of Climate Change: The New Climate Dice.” It’s a fairly technical study, although a layperson can probably understand it if they’re willing to do a little internet sleuthing when they encounter unfamiliar terms. The study presents evidence that the effects of global warming can already be detected in the recent global temperature record.
The study focuses on temperature anomalies averaged over three-month periods (average temperature for June-August, average temperature for December-February) and then compares data on this period from the last few years to the statistical baseline for this period. This statistical baseline is called “Climatology.” Contrary to what the Internet may tell you, “Climatology” is not synonymous with “Climate Science;” in the field of climate science, climatology refers to the statistical middle third of the bell curve for a given set of data.
For the purposes of the study, Hansen et al chose the period 1951-1980 for their climatology data. This is an interesting choice, because it is within the lifetime of many living people today. The study makes it clear that they chose this period deliberately for that reason: if the results of the study are true, then people who live in the most affected areas should have a clear, immediate perception of climate change from their own experience. After all, as the study demonstrates, the last few years have seen summer temperatures that are less than 1% likely with respect to summer temperatures from the period Hansen et al chose as the baseline.
While the study has clear implications for our understanding of climate change, it may also be useful as a barometer of the efficacy of media. The American media tends to portray global warming as an open debate, something people are “still on the fence about.” The facts paint a different picture – there is overwhelming consensus in the scientific community that global warming is real and that it is manmade. Any generation who has lived through Hansen et al's baseline period would logically be more likely to accept this proposition than the general population. Yet in America, there is no significant correlation between opinions on global warming and age, according to the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication.
Is this a testimony to the power of media, that even those Americans who should have direct experience to inform their opinions on global warming show no significant differences from the general population? Perhaps, although the maps on page 4 show that the anomalous signal has not been particularly strong in North America when compared to the rest of the world. It may take more significant temperature anomalies for Americans to consider global warming as part of their personal experience.


Air Quality index, is due to the toxins from industries which provide essential services and even life-saving drugs add to the complexity of the air pollution problem.
Air Quality index helps us to breathe and make us healthy, which is made up largely of nitrogen and oxygen, together with small quantities of several other non-toxic gasses such as helium.
Any potentially harmful substance, be it another gas or a cloud of particles, which contaminates the atmosphere, is regarded as air pollution.
#What Is The Air Quality index?
#What Causes Pollution In The Air Quality index?
Quality air pollution is also common indoors. The fumes of fresh paint in a room, or tobacco smoke in a crowded bar, are both sources of air pollution which can be hazardous to health. Proper ventilation is always a wise precaution.
#Air Quality index Pollution Can Be Minimised By Controlling Vehicles Engine Exhaust
|A conventional petrol engine gives off|
But emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides produced by city traffic are increasing. Not only noxious in themselves, when acted on by sunlight they produce a photochemical smog which can contain up to ten times the normal concentration of low-level ozone.
However, harmful emissions can be substantially reduced by the use of catalytic converters. Since January 1993, all new cars in the UK and EC have been legally required to have one fitted.
#Severe Air Quality index Pollution Leads To Death Also
Severely quality air pollution can cause death, but in most Cases, the pollutants we breathe are fairly dilute and their effects either slight or cumulative. Sore eyes and throat may be experienced by city dwellers — particularly on hot summer days.
The long-term effects of breathing highly polluted air may include the development of bronchitis, emphysema, heart disease and cancer. However, there is no evidence to show that inhabitants of heavily polluted areas were particularly prone to illness.
#Quality Air Pollution: ITS SOURCE AND POTENTIAL EFFECT
|Carbon monoxide||Power stations, car exhausts||Heart disease|
|CFCs||Aerosols. refrigeration units||Heart, lung, nervous system damage|
|Formaldehyde||Adhesives, car exhausts||Eye, lung damage, cancer|
|Hydrocarbons||Car exhausts||Produces ozone|
|Hydrogen sulphide||Refineries, sewage||Nausea, and vomiting|
|Lead||Metal manufacture, car exhausts||Brain, nerve and blood cell damage|
|Nitrogen oxides||Power stations, car exhausts||Lung disorders, ozone formation|
|Ozone||Sunlight on nitrogen oxides||Eye, lung damage|
|Sulphur dioxide||Power stations, steelworks||Eye, lung damage|
#How To Control Air Quality index Pollution?
In Most of the advanced countries, the Department of the Environment is responsible for quality air. And they Inspectorate of Pollution controls emissions from major industries; local authorities control emissions to air from smaller processes. These organizations have the power to fine or even shut down offending companies.
In most cases, the technology exists to stop the worst forms of air pollution fatal lung diseases can be caused by particles of asbestos and coal dust in the air.
To protect workers from dangerous pollutants such as these, there are Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) that state the maximum levels to which an adult can be exposed without ill effects. Some experts believe current OELs are too lax.
#Is Pollution In The Quality Air Dangerous?
The effects of quality air pollution may not be so apparent today but are potentially still deadly. Cities and industrial sites remain the most heavily polluted, but the pollutants are free to disperse elsewhere.
#Pollution In The Quality Air On The Road
- Keep your car journeys to a minimum. Walk, cycle, use public transport, or share your car, and combine errands in one trip.
- Ensure your vehicle is properly serviced and maintained. Keep it garaged or undercover (a cold engine emits far more pollution than a warm one) and avoided using the car for short journeys, especially when cold.
- Do not let the motor idle. In a traffic jam, switch it off.
- likely to be delayed for more than a few minutes.
- Try to avoid sudden braking or rapid acceleration, and do not speed.
#Pollution In The Air Quality index In Home
Turn down the central heating. Ensure boilers are regularly serviced. Use smokeless fuel or install a smokeless appliance.
Where possible, avoid using solvent-based paints, glues, varnishes, etc. (which give off hydrocarbons), or choose low-solvent types. Use a brush or roller, rather than a spray, and replace all lids and caps.
Limit your use of household cleaners, polishes, etc.


Happy National Weatherperson’s Day! This American holiday takes place each year on February 5, the birthdate of John Jeffries (1745-1819). Jeffries was a military surgeon during the American Revolution, and later the family physician to future President John Adams, but he gained his greatest meteorological fame by taking observations from a hot-air balloon above London.
To salute the occasion, I thought I’d spotlight a tiny sample of the hundreds of ...
Read More
This winter’s freezing season in the Arctic is falling short. The extent of Arctic sea ice this week is hovering near record-low values for early February, based on observations that extend back to the start of satellite monitoring in 1979. Data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) shows that last month had the lowest overall Arctic sea ice extent of any January in the satellite record (Figure 1). As detailed in an NSIDC report on Thursday, the total...
Read More
In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, home of the world's most famous prognosticating rodent, Punxsutawney Phil, gloomy clouds prevailed at sunrise on Tuesday morning, preventing Punxsutawney Phil from seeing his shadow. His fearless prognostication for the remainder of winter, as presented as his official groundhog.org web site, looks like this, then:
“Hear Ye, Hear Ye, Hear Ye Now, this Second Day of February, Two Thousand and Sixteen, the One Hundred a...
Read More
In the state of Iowa, Monday night looks to be a wild one both politically and meteorologically. The first-in-the-nation 2016 presidential caucuses are scheduled to begin at 7:00 pm CST, just as a powerful winter storm begins to roll into the state. Blizzard warnings are out from eastern Nebraska into northwest Iowa from very early Tuesday morning into Wednesday. The onslaught is part of a sprawling, energetic winter storm that crashed ashore in Southern California ...
Read More
With hillsides greening up fast, and chunks of coastline falling into the sea, it’s obvious that generous rains (and mountain snows) have returned to large parts of California this winter. But it remains an open question exactly how much this winter will help the state recover from a brutal four years of drought.
We can thank El Niño for the moisture return. One of the three strongest El Niño events since reliable records began in 1950 is still keepi...
Read More
The massive blizzard that rocked the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast U.S. last weekend, killing at least 58 and leaving over $2 billion in damage, has been rated the 4th most severe snowstorm to hit the area in the past 66 years, said NOAA. A Category 4 or “Crippling” rating was given to the storm using NOAA’s Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale, also known as NESIS. NESIS scores are a function of the area affected by the snowstorm, the amount of snow, and the number o...
Read More
Whenever scientific research uncovers truths that threaten the profits of large and powerful corporations, those companies--and the politicians these corporations' money help elect-- inevitably fight back by attacking the scientists. As I discussed in detail in my 2009 blog post, The Manufactured Doubt industry and the hacked email controversy, we've seen this behavior most clearly with the tobacco industry, but manufacturers of chlorofluorocarbons, asbestos, benzen...
Read More
In addition to being the warmest year on record when averaged over the entire globe, 2015 was also notable for all-time extreme heat records. Sixteen nations or territories tied or set all-time records for their hottest temperature in recorded history in 2015, and two (Israel and Cyprus) set all-time cold temperature records. For comparison, only two nations or territories set all-time heat records in 2014, and nine did in 2013. The most all-time national heat recor...
Read More
At least 87 deaths have been reported from a cold wave over the last week that’s brought dangerously chilly temperatures and wintry precipitation to tropical and subtropical latitudes of Southeast Asia, as well as brutally frigid readings further north. The culprit is a southward extension of the upper-air circulation that rings the Arctic (a.k.a. the “polar vortex”), which allowed an unusually strong Siberian surface high to build southeastward (see Figure 1)...
Read More


AIR QUALITY SENSOR COMBO BOARD – Whadda
AIR QUALITY SENSOR COMBO BOARD
Ever wondered how good the air quality is in your living room? Or do you need proof of why you fall asleep in a non-ventilated meeting room after 3 hours? Look no further! This air quality sensor combo board will give you the answers in no time!
This air quality combo board senses the atmospheric-quality by using the popular CCS811 and BME280 ICs. It provides a variety of environmental data including barometric pressure, humidity, temperature, TVOCs and equivalent CO2 (or eCO2) levels. Communication is possible through the I2C protocol.
The CCS811 is an exceedingly popular sensor, providing readings for equivalent CO2 (or eCO2) in parts per million (PPM) and total volatile organic compounds in the parts per billion (PPB). The CCS811 also has a feature that allows it to fine-tune its readings if it has access to the current humidity and temperature. Therefore, we added the BME280, which provides humidity, temperature, and barometric pressure. This allows the sensors to work together to give us more accurate readings than they’d be able to provide on their own.
Since the CCS811 heats up a bit, the PCB is precisely designed to not influence the readings of the BME280 sensor.
This product is a replacement of: VMA342
- CCS811 and BME280 ICs
- eCO2 sensor
- TVOC sensor
- temperature sensor
- humidity sensor
- pressure sensor
- altitude sensor
- operation voltage: 3.3V
- eCO2 sensing: from 400 to 8,192 parts per million
- Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC): from 0 to 1,187 parts per billion
- temperature range: -40°C (-40°F) to 85°C (185°F)
- humidity range: 0-100% RH, =-3% from 20-80%
- pressure range: 30,000Pa to 110,000Pa, relative accuracy of 12Pa, absolute accuracy of 100Pa
- alltitude range: 0 to 9.2km (30,000 feet), relative accuracy of 1m (3.3 feet) at sea level, 2m (6.6 feet) at 9.2km (30,000 feet)
- length: 51 mm
- width: 30.4 mm
- height: 5.4 mm
- weight: 4.80 g
|Dimensions||3,80 × 7,80 × 15,50 cm|
| User manual|


Baker County’s air quality improved slightly Thursday and Friday and could be even better early this weekend, but forecasters say wildfire smoke likely will slink back and sully skies for much of next week.
On Thursday the average air quality index in Baker City dropped, albeit barely, into the “unhealthy for sensitive groups” category after being in the “unhealthy” category on each of the previous 5 days.
Thursday’s average was 150, the top of the “unhealthy for sensitive groups” range. An air quality index of 151 to 200 is in the “unhealthy category.” The worst days were Sept. 13, with a daily average of 199, and Sept. 12, with an average of 196.
On Friday morning the index dropped to 130, still in the “unhealthy for sensitive groups” category (101-150).
A sensor on the roof of the David J. Wheeler Federal Building, 1550 Dewey Ave., measures air quality in Baker City.
The National Weather Service predicted that showers and winds later Friday and into Saturday could help further clean the atmosphere.
But starting Sunday the weather pattern is forecast to revert to what prevailed for much of the past week. That means upper level winds from the southwest that could propel smoke from continuing blazes in northern California into Eastern Oregon.
The next likely chance for relief from the smoke is late in the coming week when another storm from the Pacific Ocean could move into Oregon, bringing the possibility of more rain showers and westerly winds to push smoke away.


|Here's the webcam LINK, which also has time lapse of the past 24 hours.|
SCROLL DOWN FOR THIS MONTH'S EVENTS SCHEDULE!
~Please visit our sponsors~
or at www.mvcisla.com
Sites we host:
Today the municipality of Isla Mujeres unfortuantely reports another death for a total of 9, with two more cases for a total of 134, and 76 recovered.
The state Geoportal reports 22 active cases by colonia as: La Gloria-11, Meteorologic-2, Caridad del Cobre-2, Lol-beh-1, Downtown-1, Chica Salina-1, Electricistas-1, Salina Grande-1, Ampl la Gloria-1, Canotal-1 and none on the mainland.
On the national map for 8/21, the municipality of Isla Mujeres reports 7 suspicious and 62 negatives (with 132 confirmed and 8 deaths).
Today's 10:15a update by CONAGUA forecasts Tropical Storm Marco's path well into the Yucatan channel and away from land, but projects it will be a Category 1 hurricane at 7p tonight. At 10a it was located 99mi/160 km east of Cancun and 106mi/170km NE of Cozumel, moving N-NE at 19kph/12mph, with sustained winds of 100 kph gusting to 120 kph (62-75). Along the coasts of Yucatan & Q Roo, winds of 60-70 kph (37-44mph) are expected, with waves of 2-4 meters.
The NHC update also shows the path in the middle of the channel and upgrading to a hurricane tonight. For the eastern portion of Q Roo, 1-4 inches are expected with a possible maximum of 6 inches.
At 10pm last night, Tropical Depression #14 became Tropical Storm Marco, whose center was located 180 miles southeast of Cozumel with maximum sustained winds of 40mph, gusting to 53 mph, and it is moving N-NE at 12 mph. Strong rains are forecast for Yucatan & Q Roo.
This was posted by the Governor last night...
This morning's update from CONAGUA (Mexico's weather agency):
This morning's NHC update at 4a CDT (which is 5a EST,/"Isla Time" and 900 UTC): Our area remains under a Tropical Storm Warning & a Hurricane Watch. The track predictions have shifted to the east since yesterday. The Maximum Wind forecast shows 50 mph at 12 hours & 60 mph at 24 hours, then in the Gulf--65 mph in 36 hours and 70 mph in 48 hours. Marco is moving N-NW at 12mph, and its center is expected to approach the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula today. The center will approach the NE part of the Yucatan Peninsula by early evening and move over the central Gulf of Mexico toward the NW Gulf on Sunday. Maximum sustained winds are near 45 mph with higher gusts and additional strengthening is forecast as the system approaches the Yucatan Peninsula and Marco could be near hurricane strength when it moves over the central Gulf of Mexico Sunday night (after it passes us). Tropical Storm-force winds extend outward up to 70 miles from the center.
WIND--Tropical Storm conditions are expected to first reach the eastern Yucatan coast within the Warning area this afternoon and will spread northward and westward within the warning area tonight, making outside preparations difficult or dangerous. Hurricane conditions are also possible within the Hurricane Watch area by this evening.
RAIN-Eastern portions of Q Roo & Yucatan--3 to 6 inches, isolated max totals of 10 inches.
MaraVilla Caribe Bed & Beach
Four rentals with large glass doors overlooking our white
sand beach and
the beautiful Caribbean sea, with
kitchenettes & fast WIFI. In the upscale
neighborhood of Bachilleres,
convenient to downtown
the colonias, yet
separate. Quiet & Private.
|A large slider
opens from each of the 3 rooms onto the patio where each has a table
& chairs, hammock & clotheslines. The BBQ is behind the pole,
and the outdoor shower is out of the pic at left. |
Fine dining a few steps away at Da Luisa or try the neighborhood eateries a couple blocks farther. We provide a list of links & direction to over 20 eateries within ten minutes walk, including Mango Cafe, Mike's Pizza, Brisas, Rosa Sirena, Coco Jaguar, Manolitos, La Chatita, Green Verde, Kash Kechen Chuc, and the large department store-grocery Chedraui & the local craft brewery. Visit marinas, bars, & beach clubs that are minutes away by bike or on foot. Attend Yoga classes a couple villas away at Casa Ixchel. Fresh juice, produce & tortillas a few blocks away in the village, as well as a variety of other stores.```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
Full moon rising over the Caribbean
| Just after Sunset--August 3 at 7:47 |
August 4 8:29
August 5 9:07
August 6 9:42
August 7 10:16
August 8 11:22
Sunset 7:25-7:03pm (beginning vs end of month)
Painting by Pamela Haase at MVC
Swimming with the whale sharks takes place in August, which ends annually in mid-September. They congregate and feed on a 'buffet' of plankton and fish eggs from a type of tuna. Rays are also attracted to the feeding areas. Photo by Tony Garcia
>>Meteors!! The Perseids are currently active & one of the most popular showers. They will peak in the early mornings of the weekend of August 11,12 & 13, but the moon will be at or slightly past its last quarter phase and interfering. However, the Perseids are bright & you may see 3 or 4 dozen when they are peaking, if you're patient. They continue thru the 24th. The Alpha Capricornids are going on now (thru Aug. 15) with only a few meteors per hour, but they are known for producing bright fireballs when active. (They peaked Tuesday & moonlight will interfere with visibility.)
Monday, Aug. 17-170th Anniversary of Isla Mujeres
Sources for Weather Information:
LINK to Civil Protection Q Roo weather bulletin (Spanish)
LINK to Mexico National Weather Service (Spanish)
LINK to satellite images for the Mexico National Weather Service
LINK to GOES East Band 16 GIF (animation)
LINK to a private weather station on Isla Mujeres
LINK to NHC
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.


Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), a Philippine national institution dedicated to providing public weather forecasts and advisories, requires more funding for weather services centers and a data center in order to make more accurate forecasts that can help save millions of lives and stop massive damage.
Chris Perez, PAGASA senior weather specialist, believes that timely and accurate weather and climate information can aid in the public’s decision-making, particularly in the case of extreme weather disasters.
The Philippines is one of the countries considered to be most susceptible to the effects of climate change. It experiences 20 tropical cyclones on average each year. and was just impacted by Super Typhoon Karding (Noru).
Extreme weather and other climate impacts are getting worse and may become permanent as the earth continues to warm. Consequently, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres emphasized on World Meteorological Day in March that nations must invest in early warning systems and response measures to save lives.
“We must invest in adaptation and resilience. That includes the information that allows us to anticipate storms, heatwaves, floods and droughts,” said Guterres.
Republic Act 10692: PAGASA Modernization Act
The national weather agency must modernize its physical assets and operating methods in accordance with Republic Act 10692, also known as the PAGASA Modernization Act, which was signed into law by Former President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III in 2015.
Seven years following the measure’s passage, Chris Perez and Benison Estareja stated that there have been numerous facility improvements. A document released by PAGASA to Philstar.com states that the state weather bureau has installed equipment such as 28 lightning detection systems, 17 high-frequency radars, and 53 automatic weather stations across the Philippines.
“These are installed to address the limited meteorological data in areas that are either remote or are frequented by heavy rains and weather disturbances,” said Estareja.
He further mentioned how PAGASA has widely adopted coastal radars, which are helpful in providing forecasts for fishermen and seafarers, as well as mobile radar, which is utilized for storm chasing or collecting the characteristics and parameters of a tropical cyclone.
PAGASA also installed weather stations in some provinces and set up a new PAGASA field office in an area that is particularly vulnerable to tropical storms.
Moreover, a data center as well as regional weather service centers must be established, under the modernization law. PAGASA claims that in order to increase its capacity for disseminating accurate information and flood warnings throughout the regions, it has constructed Flood Forecasting and Warning Centers in key locations. There are also river centers in each of the 15 significant river systems in the country.
The organization also set up a data center in its main office and is constructing a backup data center in Mactan City, Cebu
Through the Green Climate Fund, PAGASA is also conducting pilot research on impact-based forecasting and warning services. According to WMO, impact-based forecasting offers the knowledge required to take action ahead of disasters to reduce the socio-economic consequences of weather and climate risks.
Modern facilities and equipment were purchased to help PAGASA enhance its tropical cyclone forecasting. The agency claims that its average forecast track inaccuracy dropped from 141.41 kilometers in 2014 to 58.7 kilometers in November 2020. The current track inaccuracy is much less than the 120 km number that is generally recognized.
Although there have been improvements made to the facilities and equipment, PAGASA staff members believe more funding is still required. Estareja requires supercomputers for PAGASA to run more quickly than the organization’s current system. In addition, PAGASA can benefit from supercomputers by producing more precise weather and climate change forecasts.
“The higher the number of well-maintained and high-quality data, the more accurate the weather data will be. The more accurate the weather data, the more accurate the climate data as well. These accurate climate data represent a better picture of what is in store for us in the next decade up to even the end of the century,” Estareja said.
PAGASA received P1.142 billion ($19.4 million) from the national budget’s proposed budget for the next year. The sum was a little bit more than the P1.385 billion ($23.5 million) the agency received this year. The agency’s capital outlay, or funding used for the purchase of goods and services, was not funded by the Department of Budget and Management.
“We have had no capital outlay for two years. How can we build new stations? How can we buy new equipment that is needed if we don’t have it?” said Jose Daniel Suarez, PAGASA’s Financial, Planning and Management Division chief administrative officer.
There is an unfinished building inside the PAGASA headquarters in Quezon City that started in 2018 and was intended to house the agency’s weather division and be used for training.
According to Suarez, PAGASA has asked government organizations like DBM and the Department of Public Works and Highways to provide funding for the building’s completion on an annual basis. However, even the anticipated budget for maintenance and other operating expenditures (MOOE) for the weather bureau has also been drastically reduced.
“We understand that the concern of the government right now is the pandemic. But the thrust of PAGASA is also to save lives,” Suarez said.
Better Weather Forecasting
According to Gerry Bagtasa, a professor with the University of the Philippines’ Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, the public’s understanding of PAGASA’s forecasts is one area where improvement is needed. He observed that forecasts’ limitations and uncertainties are frequently not adequately communicated.
On its web channels, PAGASA releases forecast products frequently. Every 5 a.m., weather experts also provide weather forecasts on their Facebook and YouTube profiles, typically in Filipino. and 5 p.m. When cyclones are threatening the nation, weather bulletins and briefings are released more often.
“The other side is communication: how to let people understand the jargon involved, and have the people understand the warning enough to evoke their imagination on how the hazard will play out,” Bagtasa said.
However, according to Perez, who has worked with PAGASA for almost 20 years, the state weather office is continually looking for ways to enhance its services to the public.


- (Laminated) Weather Journal
- Dry erase marker
- March Weather Calendar
- Additional coloring supplies: crayons/markers/colored pencils
Before You Explore:
What is the weather today? What tools can you use to tell the weather?
Learn how you can easily become a Weather Watcher: http://bit.ly/weather_watcher
Connect with Nature:
- Grab your thermometer, laminated weather journal sheet, and dry erase marker and head outside!
- Using the weather tools you created in this kit (wind vane, rain gauge, anemometer) and your thermometer, try to complete all of the areas on your weather journal for today!
- Do you think you could record the weather for a week? Or a month?
- If you’re up for the challenge grab the blank March calendar within your kit and some drawing materials.
- Follow the calendar directions to create your own “key” on the right-hand side. A ‘key’ lets you use short symbols to communicate by explaining what each symbol means.
- Once your key is created, use your weather journal sheet and calendar to record the weather for a week or an entire month!
- Review your recordings.
- Do you see any patterns in the weather calendar? What weather did you not expect to see this week? What was the most common weather symbol you drew this month?
- Can you predict the weather that might be coming in the week ahead?
Check out one or all of these awesome weather picture books from your local library: https://www.weareteachers.com/best-weather-books-for-kids/
Listen in for a Read Aloud of “The Meteorologist In Me” by Brittany Shipp: http://bit.ly/meteorologistinme


Emergency services are cleaning up as storms and powerful winds sweep across Australia's east, downing trees and damaging homes in Sydney and parts of Victoria.
In the southern state, Victoria State Emergency Service crews responded to nearly 350 calls for help overnight, including more than 100 reports of building damage.
More than one-third of the call-outs were for the Warrnambool region, on the state's southwest coast.
The town recorded wind gusts of more than 100km/h on Friday morning, accompanied by widespread showers.
David Baker from VICSES told ABC TV there were also concerns about the possibility of coastal erosion as swells of up to 8m struck the state's coast.
"Stay home if you can; stay inside, have a Netflix binge," he said.
"Today is not the day to be out on the water."
There were 16,000 customers without power in Victoria at midday.
Wind gusts of about 80km/h hit Sydney late on Thursday and early on Friday, leaving NSW SES crews scrambling to respond to calls for help.
Some parts of Sydney and inland NSW were also hit with brief, heavy downpours, although many areas were spared from significant rain.
The NSW SES responded to more than 200 calls across the state after midnight on Friday, about a quarter of which were in Sydney.
SES metro zone commander Allison Flaxman said the city's northern beaches region was among the areas hardest hit.
“Most of the incidents were for fallen trees, including some very large ones which blocked traffic and impacted powerlines,” she said.
Three trees fell on one home in Frenchs Forest and firefighters were called in to help as more trees threatened to collapse on the property.
The homeowner told the ABC her family came outside the house about 1am due to the noise, just in time to see the trees topple on their garage.
Severe weather warnings remained in place on Friday afternoon across much of Victoria's south, including Melbourne, as well as parts of NSW and South Australia.
The Bureau of Meteorology said wind speeds of 142km/h were recorded at Thredbo in the NSW Snowy Mountains region, while similar speeds were noted nearby at Victoria's Hotham.
The bureau warned strong winds would reach the west Gippsland coast later in the afternoon on Friday, with strong winds also expected in the Snowy Mountains and NSW Southern Highlands, as well as the ACT.
Showers and small hail were possible for large parts of Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania.
The SES warned people to avoid travel if possible and to be wary of any hazards like floodwater or debris such as fallen trees.


Sep 25, 2023
Astronomy Cast Ep. 690: Climate on Mars - From Ice Caps to Dust Storms
by Fraser Cain & Dr. Pamela Gay
Streamed live on Sep 18, 2023.
We’ve looked at Earth’s changing climate, now let’s see what it’s like for another world: Mars. Much looks familiar, but some of it is totally alien, from ice caps of frozen carbon dioxide to planetary dust storms that can obscure the entire world from view.
This video was made possible by the following Patreon members:
THANK YOU! - Fraser and Dr. Pamela


This is photo no 2 in my 2014 recap. Taken just minutes before the Sun rose above the horizon in January. It was a cold beautiful winter morning. In the photo the Moon is in waning gibbous phase and the sky is colored pink and blue.
The blue part is whats called Earth's Shadow. That's the shadow that the Earth itself casts on its atmosphere.
The pink part of the sky is called the Belt of Venus. The name Belt of Venus is not connected with the planet Venus; the Belt of Venus is part of Earth's upper atmosphere which is illuminated by the setting or rising sun. It is visible either after the sun ceases to be visible (at sunset) or before the sun becomes visible (at sunrise).


At least four tornadoes confirmed in Arkansas Monday night
Little Rock, Arkansas — At least four EF1 tornadoes were confirmed Monday night in Arkansas, according to the National Weather Service.
As severe weather moved through, causing damage along their paths, the tornadoes appeared in the state.
The first tornado was around 1.5 east of Scranton and ended about 4.4 miles east-northeast of Scranton in Logan County.
The second tornado was 5.7 miles south-southeast of Saltillo and ended 3.3 miles north-northeast of Gibson. This is the tornado that was spotted near Mayflower in Faulkner County and traveled into Pulaski County.
Each of them traveled three to four miles.
In northwest Arkansas, two tornadoes were also confirmed. One just south of Bloomer in Sebastian County and another east of Charleston in Franklin County.
The Little Rock Air Force Base confirmed a tornado in its observation area. It has been described as a “large” and “destructive” tornado.
There have been no reported injuries at this time, despite there was plenty of damage due to the hails and strong winds.


Did you know the electrical charges from lightening go up from the earth to meet the bolts coming down from the sky? Check out the videos at the end and see it for yourself. The following images are bizarre, amazing, troubling and wondrous. For more details about some of the phenomenon you are seeing, especially clouds, go here. In the meantime, enjoy exploring more weird weather.
Broken bow, Nebraska by Vanessa Neufeld via National Geographic
Grand Canyon lightning storm By Rolf Maeder
Cordon del Caulle erupts in Chile
Via National Geographic
A rare meteorological phenomenon called a skypunch. Ice crystals form above the high-altitude cirro-cumulo-stratus clouds, then fall downward, punching a hole in the cloud.
Kansas supercell cloud via National Geographic
Lake Michigan, USA
Long exposure image of lightning on Lake Michigan
Volcano in Chile
More volcano weather via National Geographic
A fire whirl, known to some as the fire tornado. occurs when intense rising heat and turbulent wind conditions combine to form whirling eddies of air. These eddies can tighten into a tornado-like structure that sucks in burning debris and combustible gases.
AP Photo by Martial Trezzini
Rome, Georgia, USA
Shelf cloud, Bozeman, Montana
Mammatus clouds form over eastern Nebraska
By Ken Rotberg
Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Kamchatka, Russia
Tornado in Namibia. National Geographic
Morning Glory clouds are very rare but can be seen with some regularity in the southern part of Northern Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria.
I”m not sure if this aurora borealis in Finland is technically weather, but this image is amazing.
Water spouts are columns of rotating air also known as tornadoes over water. They usually develop over warm tropical ocean waters. The size can range from just a few feet, to several hundred feet wide. Photo by George Malamos.
Waterspout and lightning over Lake Okeechobee, Florida.
Double Waterspouts, Honolulu, Hawaii
Waterspout, Tampa, Florida
Frozen bubbles, Canadian Rockies
Spiral Iceberg in Antarctica
Steve Earley, The Virginian-Pilor, AP Photo
More than 30 feet of snow in Japan.
The following videos about lightning are a bit over-dramatic in tone, but interesting.


It’s official. Linn County, where I live in eastern Iowa, is no longer in a state of drought according to the U.S. Drought Monitor:
This picture will probably get better as Tuesday was the cutoff for data samples and it has rained across much of the state for the entire week.
The turnaround has been quite nice over the past few weeks as actual rain has fallen with a steady drumbeat. Granted, the rain has also been accompanied by low temperatures so it is making for some miserable days. Take the good with the bad and all.
Actually, I think the cooler temperatures are at play in helping us get out of drought because the soil does not dry out as fast when it is forty degrees versus seventy degrees. Last spring it was ridiculously warm and sunny in March and April. I am talking about seventy degrees and full sun almost every day it seemed like.
That weather trend continued into the summer where it was hot and sunny for many days on end. It ended up that we just baked all summer because the rains did not come.


Storms Brew in This Ominous Compilation Timelapse [VIDEO]
With climate change, the world is witnessing more and stronger storms. That’s pretty much bad for everybody except maybe for storm chasers.
Photographer Ryan McGinnis created an ominous video documenting intense storms he filmed throughout 2014. The compilation features his best timelapses of storms from last year. These storms mostly struck his Nebraskan hometown, though he captured a few in Kansas and Wyoming. Although gloomy, the video has a kind of dark beauty to it as the terrifying storms churn across these open landscapes.
Watch the video and head for high ground!


Ethiopia’s National Meteorology Agency says that the major rainy season is now underway in several parts of the country. But are the rains coming too late in the Horn of Africa? The lack of rain in the region has caused the worst drought in forty years. Oxfam International reports that one person likely dying from hunger every 48 seconds in drought-ravaged parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. On the next edition of Our Voices, we’ll look at how nations in the Horn are on the brink of famine after four consecutive years of drought.


Free writing service at work as a cause effect essay sample essay on effects are experiencing.Its effects on animals and on agriculture are indeed frightening, and the.
Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet: Causes
Cause and Effect: Global Warming - WriteWork
Global Warming Essay - brightkite.comThe absorption of this longwave radiant energy warms the atmosphere.The Causes and Effects of Global Warming. (2002, December 13).Satisfaction is guaranteed with each and every single completed custom essay.
There is no doubt that the emission of these gases does cause global warming but. the effects of global warming by.These greenhouse gases act like a mirror and reflect to the Earth some of the heat energy which would otherwise be lost to space.
Global warming is the. 1309 Words Essay on Global Warming: Causes, Effects and. which is an important constituent of environment is causing a warming effect on.
The number of pages, academic level and deadline determine the price. 3 Submit payment details All payments are being processed by secure Payment system.The major natural greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the greenhouse effect on Earth (not including clouds).Read this sample essay on the cause and effect of climate change. Cause and Effect Essay on Climate Change. All these factors contribute to global warming.
Custom Effects of Global Warming essay paper writing service.
Causes effects global warming essay - lawrencematsuda.com
Global warming causes and effects essay - Opt forSea-Level rise in the greenhouse gas emissions this essay causes and what causes and effects on global warming essays global.
Use the Online Library article databases, no open web sources.If not SpeedyPaper help, I dont know how could I manage with my college task.Free Global Warming papers,. to understand the causes and effects of global warming and they have.Is it really all that bad that the earth is getting a little warmer.
Our single page application website ensures a supreme speed of all your operations.I know a few writing companies with quite nice writers and high level of papers quality, but only here I saw what good service really means.All the work should be used in accordance with the appropriate policies and applicable laws.Feel free to ask about getting ideas to help shape your topic into a Cause and Effect framework.One of the biggest issues facing us right now is global warming.
Causes And Effects Of Global Warming - Essay by Oksana19
There needs to be a reduction if not an extinction with the increasing amounts of.Causes of business growth and failure, marketing, business trends.
Cause and Effect Essay on Climate Change - Essay Wow!
Effects of Global Warming Essay Example for FreeThe ozone layer is responsible for absorbing harmful causes effects global warming essay ultraviolet rays, and preventing them audison thesis.
Free Revisions Only You decide whether your custom written essay 100% meets your requirements and expectations.
Global warming causes and effects essay - The Ideal Health
The Causes and Effects of Global Warming - WriteWork
The cause of global warming essay - Top-QualityThe easiest way to get your paper done 1 Fill in the order form Placing an order has never been so fast and easy.
Causes, Effects, and Solutions of Global Warming EssayThe largest contributing source of greenhouse gas is the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide.
Global warming causes and effects essay Sheila March 04, 2016.


Foundation Partners Group Carbon Reduction Commitment
We’re committed to keeping our communities beautiful for generations to come.
Reducing our carbon footprint
At Foundation Partners Group, we’re proud of the compassionate care we provide the families and communities we serve. However, we’re also mindful of how our services impact the planet. Because of this, we are implementing a plan to offset 100% of the emissions generated by our cremation processes in 2022.
While cremation uses far fewer resources than almost any other disposition option, the average U.S. cremation produces 540 lbs. or .27 metric tons of carbon -- about the same emissions as two tanks of gas in an average car. To help address this, we have committed to funding nearly 18,000 metric tons of carbon reduction through carbon offsets to make all of our cremations, across every brand, carbon neutral. To achieve our goal, we are engaging with a carbon offset specialist and choosing projects across the country that reduce carbon in the atmosphere.
As a national leader in cremation services, decreasing our carbon footprint will make a real impact on the environment and hopefully encourage others to follow suit.
What are Carbon Offsets?
Carbon offsets allow individuals and businesses to invest in environmental projects to balance out their carbon footprints. One carbon offset is the reduction of one metric ton (2,205 lbs) of carbon dioxide emissions, one of the principal causes of climate change. These carbon offsets are an important financing mechanism for emission reduction projects and support projects that reduce greenhouse gases and produce renewable energy.
Our Carbon Reduction Plans
Our plan will support projects that reduce greenhouse gases in three ways:
- Capturing and destroying greenhouse gas that would otherwise be emitted into the atmosphere (i.e., methane gas capture projects at landfills to produce electricity.)
- Producing energy using clean, renewable resources like wind power.
- Capturing and storing greenhouse gases in forests to remove them from the atmosphere.
The Impact of Our Carbon Reductions
We funded 17,550 metric tons of carbon reductions to balance the carbon footprint of our cremations. That is equivalent to:
- Taking 3,800 cars off the road
- Planting 290,000 trees
- Powering over 2,100 homes with renewable energy
- Recycling 746,000 bags of trash
Carbon Reductions Projects
- Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm (TX)
- Cottonwood Dairy Organic Waste Digestion (CA)
- Erie County Landfill Gas Capture (OH)
- Greater Lebanon Landfill Gas Capture (PA)
- Arcata Community Forest (CA)
- Scenic View Dairy Anaerobic Digestion (MI)


Time: 1330 EDT
The STORMcasts shown here are intended for the students of UDHS's AGS and AES geoscience programs and are for educational/informational purposes only. They frequently combine scientific concepts along with a sense of humor that often pokes fun at our behavior during weather events. While intended to be informative, the STORMcasts should never be used to make life and death decisions during severe weather events. Follow the appropriate bulletins posted by the National Weather Service and local media outlets for appropriate actions during these events.
I'm flattered by the number of emails, etc. that I have received over these informational STORMcasts. However, I need to reinforce a few things...
1. As indicated above the graphics, these STORMcasts should NEVER be used to decide to make life or death decisions. If you are concerned about family or friends in the path of this hurricane, encourage them to listen to the course of action recommended by local emergency management officials.
2. The STORMcasts are composed in my free time, during lunch, between classes, etc. I simply cannot provide individualized forecasts for specific locations or people. Please understand my situation.
3. My main purpose is to report the scientific, meteorological elements of the event as they appear at the time of the STORMcast. I cannot evaluate or presume to know all of the factors that go into the human-based decisions.
IT'S JUST A MATTER OF HOW BAD...
Obviously, I've been real busy in the STORMcast office this week and with a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in Mexico on top of everything, it's been an interesting week to be an earth scientist. Needless to say it's been a costly few weeks for North America and the Caribbean and we're really just getting started. For days now, models have suggested that Irma would hit Florida and, although the tracks continue to oscillate back and forth, it seems extremely likely that some part of Florida (if not most of it) will be under the gun of this hurricane over the weekend.
Most Recent Jiggles
Just like our Nor'easters, a storm track deviation of only 20-40 miles could mean the difference between 4" and 16" of snow. In this case, it could mean being on a completely different side of Irma's eye which literally turns the wind direction around by 180 degrees. Unfortunately, there is not a computer model in the world that can isolate a hurricane's path down to the mile so very soon, there will come a time when it will be time to turn the computer off and just let nature take its course...which is about where I am right now.
As of this afternoon, the model ensemble has pushed the expected path of Irma slightly west of yesterday's which means the storm could track through the entire Florida peninsula raking it from top to bottom. Both the U.S. GFA and NAM models like a scenario (for the moment) that takes the center of Irma directly up through the Florida Peninsula. If the storm tracks to the south of Miami over some part of the Keys, it will mean onshore winds on the east side of the state which will significantly enhance the storm surge and flood significant portions of Miami-Dade Co. The Keys the eyewall actually goes over could face wholesale destruction and overwashing (we saw this during Sandy along the NJ barrier islands). Peak winds, however, might miss the Miami proper. The threat of a landfall in GA or SC will be greatly diminished.
If the storm takes a more easterly track (like projected yesterday), Miami could take the brunt of the eyewall's fury and see catastrophic damage even with enhanced building codes in place. The worst case scenario would be if the eye straddles the coast and continues to feed in warm Atlantic water as it rakes the coastline before again striking land in GA or SC. IF the storm takes such a track and maintains its intensity, severe wind damage could be spread out over a vast area instead of just near Miami. The storm surge will also track up the entire length of Florida ahead of the storm as the CCW winds push onshore. However, the western side of the state would likely be spared from significant damage.
Don't Let the Classification Fool You
Many in the business (I'm one of them) feel like the classification system use for so long should be abandoned since people often make irrational decisions when they hear a remar like "Irma has been downgraded to a Cat. 4." In other words, the wind speeds might have dropped from 157 mph to 155 mph. "Oh, well in that case, let's ride it out..." The truth of the matter is that it is difficult not to be impressed with the power and structure of this storm which will likely go down as one of the strongest (and costliest) storms in history by the time it's all over. Over the next 48 hours and prior to landfall, storms of this size and magnitude often fluctuate in intensity and even undergo "eyewall replacement cycles" when the storm might briefly form two eyewalls before one consumes the other. This is normal and should not be interpreted as a weakening in intensity. At this point, the only thing that will greatly weaken the storm is contact with land, whether highly populated or not. This is not a storm to be trifled with.
Is there a "Hail Mary" Scenario Where We Might Have a Chance?
While it is possible the storm could overshoot Florida entirely before heading for the U.S. coast, I haven't seen a model run yet that suggested this scenario. Plus, a hurricane like this in the Gulf would just mean a landfall further west into the Florida panhandle or somewhere else along the Gulf Coast. The only freebie we have left is if the storm completely veers to the north ahead of the coast and misses the U.S. mainland altogether and I just don't see that happening.
Intensity Estimates and Timing (as of 0700 Fri. model run)
Landfall - Somewhere in the middle Keys and then somewhere along the Everglades. From there,Irma will lose strength but take approx. 36 hours to traverse the Florida Peninsula into Georgia.
Wind - There is nothing currently ahead of Irma that would lead to a significant drop in intensity so it should strike Florida near the Keys as a strong Cat. 4 with Cat. 5 wind gusts especially near the eyewall. Virtually anything short of reinforced masonry will likely be heavily damaged or completel destroyed. As the storm tracks up the peninsula, interaction with land with quickly decrease the wind threat but there will still be widespread damage especially of lesser-constructed buildings.
Rainfall - Since there are guiding elements to this storm, it will NOT become a Harvey so "typical" amounts of rain for tropical systems like this are to be expected. Anywhere from 8"-15" with localized heavier amounts are expected. No surprises here.
Storm Surge - While the Everglades could absorb a storm surge, highly urbanized areas cannot and most of Miami-Dade Co. is barely above sea level. At a minimum, 4'-6' storm surges are expected but it would not surprise me if they are more like 10' or even higher very close to the eyewall. In this regard, precise track is everything. Overwashing is likely on any of the Keys that are situated near the eyewall.
Timing - Current models suggest sometime during the overnight hours Sat. into Sun. for a landfall over the Keys and into the Everglades. 1 AM-3 AM seems reasonable. By lunchtime Monday, Irma should be crossing into GA as a minimal hurricane or tropical storm.
I will be moving into "data gathering" mode from here in order to collect as much as possible before weather instruments in the region are destroyed or disabled. Therefore I will not likely be posting another STORMcast for this event. Best wishes to anyone who may be impacted by this event.


Cause of air pollution essay
The goal of the project is to study the cause of the air pollution in uae and how it can affect the environment also, the next goal is to give some solutions that. Write an essay on the causes and effect of pollution our earth is being overloaded because of the rapid growth air pollution affects on people health. Ill go out for a breath of fresh air is an often-heard phrase but how many of us realize that this has become irrelevant in today's world, because the quality of. Of air essay effect and cause on pollution essay for college scholarship application quizlet essay youth and social media markt.
Advertisements: essay on air pollution: causes, effects and control of air pollution the world health organization defines air pollution as “the presence of. Air pollution essay 1 running as the science involved, peoplebegan to realize the problem with pollution many different sources cause air pollution. Causes essay air of pollution cities big in dissertation library online yugioh ryan: november 2, 2017 #bitesofhistory continued with an essay by.
Cause and effect cause and effect is to create a cause/ effect essay the causes of air pollution seem to stem from carelessness or blatant unconcern. Air pollution essays what causes air pollution air pollution results mainly from the incomplete combustion of several fuels, such as coal, petrol and wood the. Open university essay introduction osmosis coursework gcse jayden: november 2, 2017 relaxing with the season 6 premiere of #thewalkingdead after getting halfway. Dissertation interference alignment list narrative essay spm beginning in english narrative essay spm beginning in english art coursework stress kits yale science.
Human activity is a major cause of air pollution, much of which results from industrial processes credit: cherwellorg. Air pollution is both natural and human-based natural air pollution is caused by phenomenon such as volcanic eruption, wind erosion, decomposition and radioactive. There are many different chemical substances that contribute to air pollution these chemicals come from a variety of sources among the many types of air pollutants. There are several main causes of air pollution, the vast majority of them can be attributed to man some natural sources of air pollution include forest fires, dust.
Site reúne todos os serviços de streaming de música em um só 28 de janeiro são 8 aplicativos variados, confira. Environmental pollution refers to the introduction of harmful pollutants into the environment the major types of environmental pollution are air pollution, water. Air pollution is one of the virtual problem nowadays there are many reasons of it but mostly it is caused by cars, growing cities, development of economy and. We offer a full selection of the best fire extinguishers in the industry have your equipment serviced on our mobile service units or at our facility’s. Cause essays of air pollution the persuasive essay outline template high school view nonfiction essay contest 2015 kartenpreisen, us history regents thematic essay.
- Free air pollution papers, essays, and research papers.
- Air pollution essays i'm going out for a breath of fresh air seems to be a phrase we often hear throughout out lives unfortunately, in today's world, that fresh.
Cause and effect essay each developmental paragraph is devoted to one of the causes of air pollution each cause is supported by two minor supports. Air pollution essay examples 986 total results causes an analysis of the cause for air pollution and the posibilities for its reduction essay writing blog. 5 paragraph compare and contrast essay template xls essay outline template mla format citation essay format docx document mla format magazine title in. Causes of air pollution air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulates, biological materials causes of water pollution essay.


Indoor Air Quality Testing
Free Indoor Air Quality Testing
Did you know that indoor air is often times the most polluted air? Poor indoor air quality can result in asthma, headaches, poor sleep, dizziness, weakness, nausea, drowsiness, damage to liver/kidneys, and in extremely rare cases, death. GSHA Services has the solution for you. We offer free indoor air quality testing for Chicago residential.
AirAdvice for Homes
Do I Need an Indoor Air Quality Testing?
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Indoor Air Quality Solutions
Now you can take control of the situation and explore opportunities to solve IAQ problems specific to your home.
Depending on the IAQ problem, GSHA Services, LTD can identify the best solution ranging from ventilation and filtration, to humidity control, temperature control, carbon monoxide and radon detection.
Consult us to select the appropriate solution for your home comfort. Get an AirAdvice for Homes™ test to determine the actual IAQ problem.


Raindrop Weather Station
The Raindrop Weather Station is a must-have item for any home to help with predicting the weather.
The weather station makes the perfect housewarming, birthday or Christmas gift!
How to predict the weather:
- Clear liquid: Bright and clear weather
- Cloudy liquid: Cloudy, possible thunderstorms and rain
- Small dots in the liquid: Humid or foggy weather
- Large flaky crystals: Cloudy skies, snow in winter
- Threads of crystals at the top: Windy weather
- Crystals at the bottom: Frost may be coming
- Item made from glass
- Measurements: 12 x 6 x 6cm
- Care Instructions: Wipe with a cloth
- Do not subject to direct sunlight or place near to any heating or cooling vents.


December featured two large storms in the first half of the month, but then warm weather and rain melted nearly all of it, but the piles of shoveled and plowed snow provided a reminder of the storms.
January started out well above average, but then the bottom fell off the thermometer. Three cold snaps set new records throughout the region. Several places broke the old record by over 5 degrees. Mt. Washington reached -45F, two degrees from its all-time low. Here in Penacook our low for the month was -14F. We had eleven days with sub-zero readings and two days with a high a fraction of a degree above zero. Once the cold hit, only one day made it above freezing.
Blue Hill recorded two record low minima and four record low maxima during the month. The average temperature tied for third coldest January in their 119 year record.
Cold air is dry air. It's also heavy air and creates "cold air damming" that forces storms to the south. Penacook had only 6" of snow, but we ended the month with more snow on the ground than at the start.
February brought warmer temperatures, but one cold snap returned the area to sub-zero mornings. However, the storm track stayed south and Penacook had only slightly more snow than in January. Cape Cod and even North Carolina had more. Only a few days were above freezing, and those were dry, so the snow pack showed little melting until the last few days of the month.
|N Berlin MA||2||1||0||0||20||85||7.8||58||5.7||99||11.5||30.0|
|Poland Spring ME||0.3||0||0||0||31.6||133||2.2||23||14.4||111||6||21.0||1.4||2|
|Mt. Mansfield VT||4.2||19||18.5||249||61||1241||33.5||1880||36.3||2324||32.7||2795.0||13.8||2303||10.5||461|
|N Berlin MA||47||273||5.8|
|Poland Spring ME||55.9||290||5.2|
|Mt. Mansfield VT||210.5||11272||53.5|
|Name||Location||Email name||Email domain|
|Dennis Bollea||Fairhaven MA||76624.2745||compuserve.com|
|A Cadoret||Woonsocket RI||cumulus||att.net|
|Wayne Cotterly||Poland Spring ME||cotterly||pivot.net|
|Matthew Douglas||Milton MA||mdouglas||attbi.com|
|Todd Gross||N Berlin MA||tgross||whdh.com|
|Watoquadoc Hill MA|
|Paul Hansen||Marlboro MA||paulh01||comcast.net|
|Jim Hilt||Derry NH||jimhilt||yahoo.com|
|Andrew Plona||Collinsville CT||nwconnecticut||comcast.net|
|Chris Seeber||Charlestown RI||cseeber||cox.net|
|Paul Venditti||Pepperell MA||paulvenditti||prodigy.net|
|Ric Werme||Penacook NH||ric||werme.8m.net|
I think depth days is a great statistic, and I'm surprised that it is catching on slowly outside of the wxobs-sne mail list. I never expected that the NWS would embrace it quickly, but I had hoped that TV meteorologists would start using it, in monthly summaries, if nothing else. It would be nice if ski areas would use it, but they may not wish to if they are not likely to be #1 consistantly. (And if only one area reports depth days, it would not be a good comparative statistic.) The University of Vermont has graphs of snow depths at Stowe through many seasons.
Back to home page.


This winter, the northern US States can expect to see temperatures well below normal. This is due to a pattern known as La Nina. This pattern is associated with episodic cooling of ocean waters in the tropical Pacific. The winter will be colder and wetter than average for parts of the northern Rockies and the Pacific Northwest, and it will also affect the Ohio Valley and western Alaska.
One state that can expect a harsh winter is Georgia, which is often thought of as a state that is out of the winter pain zone. However, freezing rain is common and tornadoes can wreak havoc on the city of Atlanta. The state is also notorious for under-preparing for winter weather.
This winter will be colder than usual in 12 US States. The colder temperatures will result in increased energy use, which will add to the rising costs of energy. From Oregon to Michigan, the colder winter will make energy bills seem a little higher. Some cities, such as Portland and Minneapolis, may even see temperatures significantly below normal.
According to the Farmers’ Almanac, winter in the US will be divided into two different areas: the East and the West. While the Eastern half of the country is likely to experience a mild winter, the southern half of the country will be hit with snow and below-average temperatures. The forecast also predicts below-average precipitation in the Southeast and Appalachian regions.


Safe Boating Weather Tips
Weather can be both friend and foe. Calm winds and seas make for enjoyable power boating, waterskiing, and fishing. A fresh breeze and a light chop provide an invigorating sailing or wind surfing experience. But the sudden emergence of dark clouds, shifting and gusty winds, torrential downpours and lightning can turn a day’s pleasure into a nightmare of distress. Here are some tips on how to keep your pleasure and safety to a maximum.
Several days ahead of time start listening for the National Weather Service extended 5-day outlooks on NOAA Weather Radio, AM/FM radio, and TV. The outlooks give general information to help you decide whether or not to continue making plans.
Take note of small boat cautionary statements, Small Craft Advisories, or Gale or Storm Warnings in the forecasts. The Advisories and Warnings (see definitions) alert mariners to higher winds and waves either occurring now or forecast to occur up to 24 hours from now. Advisories and Warnings for conditions expected later give mariners time to take action to protect life and property.
While on the Water


WeatherBar is a simple yet interesting application for Windows that integrates the weather forecasts with your Windows 7 taskbar. It allows you to quickly access the forecast details directly from the taskbar.
WeatherBar is portable, therefore requires no installation. Simply extract the WeatherBar2.exe from the zip file and run the executable file after extraction.
The main window shows the weather forecast for four days and the weather information includes the temperature (day high and low), humidity and wind speed. However, the weather forecast is only available for locations in the US country.
If you minimize the main window, right-clicking the WeatherBar taskbar icon will bring up the context menu, which shows you the simplified version of the four-day forecast.
You can also get information from the taskbar icon itself. The icon changes based on the weather, while the progress indicator fills up to reflect the humidity.
Download WeatherBar to check the weather forecasts on the fly from your Windows 7 taskbar.


Uv is short wavelength high better essays: greenhouse effect and climate change in australia - greenhouse effect has become the major issue to. Short essay on greenhouse effect essay brainstorming both appear parenthetical citation according to how you feel on top list of recommended services. Regional trends and short-term the greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in a planet. The greenhouse effect and global warming essay the greenhouse effect is the absorption of energy radiated from the earth's surface by short essay about. The greenhouse effect and global warming the greenhouse effect is a natural occurrence that is directly affected by human activities such as new industrial processes. Essay on the greenhouse effect the greenhouse effect plays a crucial part in preserving the environment on earth short essay on belgium.
The greenhouse effect - economics essay example green economics taking account of environmental costs. Green house effect essay is given for your knowledge here in short and summarized form green house phenomenon is explained short essay on greenhouse effect. Introduction and meaning: the rise in earth’s surface temperature as a consequence of greenhouse effect is called global warming what causes global warming 1. Greenhouse effect short essay about friendship im taking a college english 2 class and the hardest essay we've done was a 750 word essay about citizen kane its so dumb. Green house effect and global warming essay 3 (200 words) greenhouse effect is a process caused by the green house gases during which thermal radiations of the earth.
Greenhouse effect and ecosystem - carbon dioxide essay example environment plays an important role in human life - greenhouse. Short essay on greenhouse effect hand, boards regulated short essay on examination department of transportation is an institution primarily intended to prepare. My goal for this school year essay help body image research paper reporting great depression effects essays leaving cert english paper 1 essays on friendship. Short essay on greenhouse effect and global warming since anthropogenic greenhouse effect: the effect is causing greenhouse effect and necessary for a major.
Journal of the country that now you are in place new educational technologies in education of global effect on essay short greenhouse and warming the. The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and cfcs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a. Causes, effects and solutions to global warming global warming essay the effect of global warming the greenhouse gases will stay in the atmosphere for many.
Global warming and greenhouse gas emissions essay long and short essay on global warming and from various sources which ultimately causes greenhouse effect. A short paragraph on greenhouse effects article shared by 514 words essay on green house effect short essay on human activities and greenhouse gases. Article shared by: after reading this essay you will learn about ‘global warming and greenhouse effect’ find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘global. The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be.
Essay on global warming written in hindi 350 words free short essay on global warming for school and college students greenhouse effect gas greenhouse effect and.
The tools you need to write a quality essay or in short word some argue that global warming and the greenhouse effect actually helps the environment. Free essay: global warming and the greenhouse effect in the past decade the greenhouse effect has gained much attention with the media because of the. The greenhouse effect this essay is going to like a greenhousethis effect occurs as the incoming short wave radiation is the greenhouse effect.


Warm weather in Qatar
The Meteorological Department warned of an expected decrease in the horizontal visibility of the northeastern areas of the sea. It expected that the weather will be accompanied by light fog on some areas at the beginning of the coast, and it will be warm until 6 pm today, with light dust.
In the sea, the weather will be accompanied by fog light to mist on northeastern areas with some clouds.
The maximum temperature expected in Doha is 39 ° C.
The sun sets at 6:16 pm.


If you have ever felt revitalised when walking by the sea, or enjoyed the fresh, clean air after a shower of rain, you will know how good it feels ... as nature intended.
Outside, nature is continuously refreshing the air with water - rain, snow, dew and wind purifies the air and washes away high pollution levels, leaving it healthy to breathe in again.
On average however, we only spend about 10% of our time outdoors, the rest of our time is spent indoors, mostly in our own homes. Though most of us are aware of the hazards of outside air pollution, few of us know that inside air pollution levels are often 50 times higher than on a busy street.
Indoor air pollution is primarily caused by every day 21st Century living - house dust, pets, fumes from cooking and household cleaning products, dead skin, smoke, insects, mites and their droppings - all of which contribute to health problems, including suffering with allergy, skin conditions and asthma.
We take over 40,000 breaths a day...
We inhale approximately a spoonful of fine dust into our lungs each day.
The HYLA works using a unique state-of-the-art water filtration system, forcing the air through a water bath, to trap dust, dirt and bacteria safely, ensuring only fresh, clean air is returned back into the room. Unlike most cleaners, it does not use conventional filters, which can become easily clogged after limited use, allowing small particles of fine dust - such as microscopic common house mite droppings - to pass right through the filter and back into the air we breathe. These are the sort of particles that cause major problems to asthma and allergy sufferers.